# 酉

| 酉 | U+9149, &#37193; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9149 |
| ← 酈 [U+9148] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 酊 → [U+914A] |
| ⾣ | U+2FA3, &#12195; KANGXI RADICAL WINE |
| ← ⾢ [U+2FA2] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾤ → [U+2FA4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

酉 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一金田一 (MCWM), four-corner 1060$_0$, composition ⿴西一)
* Kangxi radical #164, ⾣.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/酉
* 𫢞, 唒, 𡜳, 𢭳, 𬌲, 逎, 𣁹, 梄, 𥙫, 𥆺, 𥟁, 綇(𦈋), 𧣮, 𨁪, 輏, 𩳜, 鯂
* 𫹉, 𡷾, 莤, 蒏, 𥭛, 𩭓, 𠩚, 庮, 㾞, 槱, 歠, 𠥤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1280, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39763
* Dae Jaweon: page 1778, character 36
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3572, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9149

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酉 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 楢 | *kʰjuʔ, *lu |
| 逎 | *ʔslu |
| 遒 | *sklu, *sɡlu |
| 蝤 | *sklu, *sɡlu |
| 揂 | *sklu |
| 酒 | *ʔsluʔ |
| 媨 | *sklus |
| 鞧 | *skʰlu |
| 緧 | *skʰlu |
| 趥 | *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs |
| 酋 | *sɡlu |
| 崷 | *sɡlu |
| 鰌 | *sɡlu |
| 煪 | *sɡlu |
| 醜 | *l̥ʰjuʔ |
| 猶 | *klus, *lu, *lus |
| 猷 | *lu |
| 輶 | *lu, *luʔ, *lus |
| 偤 | *lu |
| 莤 | *lu, *sruɡ |
| 蕕 | *lu |
| 庮 | *lu, *luʔ |
| 槱 | *luʔ, *lus |
| 梄 | *luʔ |
| 丣 | *luʔ |
| 酉 | *luʔ |
Pictogram (象形) — an ancient vase used in making and storing fermented millet alcoholic drink. See 酒.
A similar character is 酋, which indicates two drops of alcohol coming out of the vase. Unrelated to 西.

### Etymology
#### "wine; wine vessel"

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT); cognate with 酒 (OC *ʔsluʔ, “wine”).

#### "tenth earthly branch"

    Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "waxing half-moon", "construed as a vessel filling with liquid". Noting Schuessler (2007)'s observation that 酉 (yǒu)'s OC pronunciation started with *r-, Smith reconstructs *r-juʔ which would later lost its archaic pre-initial *r-, the same phonological split seen in pairs like 游 (OC) ~ 遊 (OC *ju, “to flow, to roam”) > yóu vs. 流 (OC *r-ju, “flow”) > liú. Smith further supposes that *r-juʔ, is an endoactive derivative of *r-ju "flow" by the suffix *-ʔ, meaning "the flowing stage".
    As for 酉 (yǒu)'s association with the chicken, Norman (1985) proposes that Chinese and Thai forms derived from Viet-Muong *rə̆k ~ *ruk, truncated from Proto-Vietic *r-kaː (“chicken”), yet Ferlus (2013) thinks this correspondence unlikely. Possibly, 酉 (yǒu) was arbitrarily associated with the chicken, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon.

#### “unitary”

    From English unitary.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǒu (you$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yû
    (Hailu, HRS): rhiu$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): iù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yeu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒu
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^3$
*** Yale: yǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeou
*** Palladius: ю (ju)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^5$
*** Yale: yáuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /iu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú
*** Tâi-lô: iú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iú
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yeu
*** MiniDict: yeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/
* Middle Chinese: yuwX
Rime :
| Character | 酉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與久切 |
| Baxter | yuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ruʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*luʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 酉 | 酉 | 酉 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǒu | yǒu | yǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yuw$^X$ › | ‹ yuw$^X$ › | ‹ yuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-ruʔ/ | /*N-ruʔ/ | /*N-ruʔ/ |
| English | 10th earthly branch | wine | old |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15583 |
| Phonetic component | 酉 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酉 |
| Old Chinese | /*luʔ/ |

### Definitions

酉
* an alcoholic drink vessel
* tenth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
* rooster (鷄) of Chinese zodiac
* the period from 17:00 to 19:00
* (mathematics) unitary

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)

#### Usage notes

Although it remains associated with alcoholic drink, the character alone is mostly used as the tenth earthly branch in the Chinese cyclical calendar.

### Compounds

* 三酉
* 卯酉
* 卯酉參辰 / 卯酉参辰
* 卯酉子午
* 參辰卯酉 / 参辰卯酉
* 子午卯酉
* 才貫二酉 / 才贯二酉
* 書畫卯酉 / 书画卯酉
* 書通二酉 / 书通二酉
* 酉字牌
* 酉時 / 酉时 (yǒushí)
* 酉群 (yǒuqún)
* 酉陽雜俎 / 酉阳杂俎
* 鬼酉上車 / 鬼酉上车

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* "sake" radical (さけづぐり)
* "bird of the zodiac" radical (ひよみのとり, とりへん)
* rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆ (yu)
* Kan-on: ゆう (yū)
* Kun: とり (tori, 酉)
* Nanori: なが (naga)、みのる (minoru)

#### Compounds

* 卯(ぼう)酉(ゆう)線(せん) (bōyūsen)
* 酉(とり)年(どし) (toridoshi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 酉
* とり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From 鶏 (niwatori, tori, “chicken”), from 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とり [tòrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ɾʲi]

#### Proper noun

酉(とり) • (Tori)
* the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 酉
* ゆう Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 酉 (MC yuwX).

#### Proper noun

酉(ゆう) • (Yū)
* the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

酉 (eumhun 닭/열째 지지 유 (dak/yeoljjae jiji yu))
* hen
* full
* old; ancient
* irrigate

## Vietnamese
### Han character

酉: Hán Nôm readings: dấu, dậu, giấu, giậu
* chữ Hán form of Dậu (“tenth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丁酉 (Đinh Dậu)
* 乙酉 (Ất Dậu)
* 己酉 (Kỷ Dậu)
* 癸酉 (Qúy Dậu/Quý Dậu)
* 辛酉 (Tân Dậu)