# 啞

| 啞 | U+555E, &#21854; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555E |
| ← 啝 [U+555D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啟 → [U+555F] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 啞 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 唖 |
| Simplified | 哑 |

### Han character

啞 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口一中一 (RMLM), four-corner 6101$_7$, composition ⿰口亞)

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3835
* Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 636, character 7
* Unihan data for U+555E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 啞
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 椏 | *qaːʔ, *qraː |
| 錏 | *qraː |
| 鵶 | *qraː |
| 啞 | *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ |
| 瘂 | *qraːʔ |
| 亞 | *qraːɡs |
| 婭 | *qraːɡs |
| 俹 | *qraːɡs |
| 稏 | *qraːɡs |
| 惡 | *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ |
| 噁 | *qaːɡs |
| 堊 | *qaːɡ |
| 蝁 | *qaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎ (ya$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aa$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): a$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nga$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): á
    (Hailu, HRS): a$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): a$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ā
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): é / ée / á
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ê$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$o
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎ
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^3$
*** Yale: yǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aa$^2$
*** Yale: á
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aa$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: a$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /aː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: a$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋa²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: á
*** Hakka Romanization System: a$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: a$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /a³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: a$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /a²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: a$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /a³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ā
*** Sinological IPA : /a³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: é
*** Tâi-lô: é
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ea
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /e⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /e⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ée
*** Tâi-lô: ée
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
*** Tâi-lô: á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ar
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /a⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /a⁵³/
* é/ée - vernacular;
* á - literary.
* Middle Chinese: 'aeX
Rime :
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏下切 |
| Baxter | 'aeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔa$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔa$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /a$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔa$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aa$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔae$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁraʔ/ |
| English | mute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 14210 |
| Phonetic component | 亞 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 啞 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraːʔ/ |
| Notes | 見史記後亦作瘂 |

#### Definitions

啞
* mute; dumb (unable to speak)
* speechless; without sound
    啞劇／哑剧 ― yǎjù ― mime
    啞鈴／哑铃 ― yǎlíng ― dumbbell
    啞口無言／哑口无言 ― yǎkǒuwúyán ― to be left speechless
* hoarse
       hǎn de wǒ sǎngzi dōu yǎ le [Pinyin]
       to have shouted myself hoarse
* (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire

##### Coordinate terms

* 聾／聋 (lóng, “deaf”)
* 盲 (máng, “blind”)

#### Compounds

* 低啞 / 低哑
* 吃啞吧虧 / 吃哑吧亏
* 咿咿啞啞 / 咿咿哑哑
* 咿啞 / 咿哑
* 啞劇 / 哑剧 (yǎjù)
* 啞口 / 哑口 (yǎkǒu)
* 啞口無言 / 哑口无言 (yǎkǒuwúyán)
* 啞嗓 / 哑嗓
* 啞子 / 哑子 (yǎzi)
* 啞子做夢 / 哑子做梦
* 啞子得夢 / 哑子得梦
* 啞子托夢 / 哑子托梦
* 啞巴 / 哑巴 (yǎba)
* 啞巴虧 / 哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
* 啞戲 / 哑戏
* 啞板 / 哑板
* 啞炮 / 哑炮
* 啞穴 / 哑穴
* 啞聲 / 哑声
* 啞語 / 哑语 (yǎyǔ)
* 啞謎 / 哑谜
* 啞酒 / 哑酒
* 啞鈴 / 哑铃 (yǎlíng)
* 啞默悄靜 / 哑默悄静
* 喑啞 / 喑哑 (yīnyǎ)
* 喝啞吧酒 / 喝哑吧酒
* 嘶啞 / 嘶哑 (sīyǎ)
* 天聾地啞 / 天聋地哑
* 打啞謎 / 打哑谜
* 推聾做啞 / 推聋做哑
* 推聾裝啞 / 推聋装哑
* 梵啞鈴 / 梵哑铃 (fànyǎlíng)
* 沙啞 / 沙哑 (shāyǎ)
* 演啞劇 / 演哑剧
* 猜啞謎 / 猜哑谜
* 瘖啞 / 瘖哑 (yīnyǎ)
* 瘖啞人 / 瘖哑人
* 盲婚啞嫁 / 盲婚哑嫁 (mánghūnyǎjià)
* 聾啞 / 聋哑 (lóngyǎ)
* 聾啞學校 / 聋哑学校
* 聾啞症 / 聋哑症
* 聾盲瘖啞 / 聋盲瘖哑
* 裝聾作啞 / 装聋作哑 (zhuānglóngzuòyǎ)
* 裝聾裝啞 / 装聋装哑
* 詐啞佯聾 / 诈哑佯聋

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎ, è (ya$^3$, e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ, ㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ak$^1$ / aak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iak / ek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎ
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^3$
*** Yale: yǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ak$^1$ / aak$^1$
*** Yale: āk / āak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ak$^7$ / aak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: eg$^1$ / ag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐk̚⁵/, /aːk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
*** Tâi-lô: iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
*** Tâi-lô: ik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: 'aek, 'eak
Rime :
| Character | 啞 | 啞 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 烏格切 | 於革切 |
| Baxter | 'aek | 'eak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠæk̚/ | /ʔˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚak̚/ | /ʔᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔak̚/ | /ʔɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨjk̚/ | /ʔəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɐk̚/ | /ʔɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɐk̚/ | /æk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔɐk̚/ | /ʔæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e | e |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ak$^1$ | ak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啞 | 啞 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 14223 | 14224 |
| Phonetic component | 亞 | 亞 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 啞 | 戹 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraːɡ/ | /*qraːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

啞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing

#### Compounds

* 啞啞 / 哑哑
* 啞然 / 哑然
* 啞然失笑 / 哑然失笑
* 啞然失色 / 哑然失色
* 啞然無言 / 哑然无言

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yā (ya$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): aa$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): a
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yā
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ya
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^1$
*** Yale: yā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aa$^1$
*** Yale: ā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: a$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /aː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a
*** Tâi-lô: a
*** Phofsit Daibuun: af
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'aeH
Rime :
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 衣嫁切 |
| Baxter | 'aeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /a$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啞 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| No. | 14216 |
| Phonetic component | 亞 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亞 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraːɡs/ |
| Notes | 見淮南子後亦作呀 |

#### Definitions

啞
* Alternative form of 呀
* (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing.
* (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.

#### Compounds

* 啞吒 / 哑咤 (yāzhà)
* 啞咽 / 哑咽
* 啞啞學語 / 哑哑学语
* 嗚啞 / 呜哑
* 嘔啞 / 呕哑
* 嘔嘔啞啞 / 呕呕哑哑

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 唖 |
| Kyūjitai | 啞 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 唖)
* Kyūjitai form of 唖

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)、やく (yaku)
* Kan-on: あ (a)、あく (aku)
* Kun: おし (oshi, 啞)

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 啞 – see the following entry. :
| 【唖】H | [kanji] hyōgai kanji [kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 啞: mute, dumb Kanji reading: おし |
(This term, 啞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

啞: Hán Nôm readings: á, ạ, ớ, dạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.