# 啼

| 啼 | U+557C, &#21884; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-557C |
| ← 啻 [U+557B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啽 → [U+557D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

啼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口卜月月 (RYBB), four-corner 6002$_7$, composition ⿰口帝)

#### Derived characters

* 𮟍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 197, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3887
* Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 659, character 10
* Unihan data for U+557C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 膪 | *rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs |
| 揥 | *tʰeds, *teː |
| 腣 | *teː, *teːɡs |
| 諦 | *teːɡs |
| 偙 | *teːɡs |
| 渧 | *teːɡs |
| 帝 | *teːɡs |
| 楴 | *tʰeːɡs |
| 啼 | *deː |
| 蹄 | *deː |
| 締 | *deː, *deːɡs |
| 崹 | *deː |
| 鶙 | *deː |
| 禘 | *deːɡs |
| 啻 | *hljeɡs |
| 嫡 | *rteɡ, *teːɡ |
| 摘 | *rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ |
| 謫 | *rteːɡ |
| 讁 | *rteːɡ |
| 擿 | *deɡ |
| 蹢 | *deɡ, *teːɡ |
| 適 | *tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ |
| 啇 | *teːɡ |
| 滴 | *teːɡ |
| 鏑 | *teːɡ |
| 甋 | *teːɡ |
| 樀 | *teːɡ, *deːɡ |
| 敵 | *deːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *deː): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tí (ti$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ti$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tai$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ti$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thài / tì
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tai$^2$ / ti$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ti$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): tî
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiè / tà̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thî / thê / tê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ti$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$di
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tí
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tí
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^2$
*** Yale: tí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
*** Palladius: ти (ti)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ti$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ti
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tai$^4$
*** Yale: tàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐi̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hai²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ti$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thài / tì
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai$^ˇ$ / di$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^2$ / di$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯¹¹/, /ti¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tai$^2$ / ti$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ¹¹/, /tʰi¹¹/
* thài/tai2 - vernacular;
* tì/ti2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: dej
Rime :
| Character | 啼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 杜奚切 |
| Baxter | dej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /dei/ |
| Wang Li | /diei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤe/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dej › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.lˁe/ |
| English | weep, howl |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2315 |
| Phonetic component | 帝 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嗁 |
| Old Chinese | /*deː/ |
| Notes | 同嗁 |

### Definitions

啼
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cry loudly; to wail
    啼哭 ― tíkū ― to cry loudly; to wail
    哭哭啼啼 ― kūkū-títí ― to cry continuously
    啼笑皆非 ― tíxiàojiēfēi ― to be so ridiculous that it is both saddening and provokes laughter at the same time
    From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
    Hūtiān ér tí, jìn'āi ér zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (dialectal, by extension) to cry; to weep
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of birds or beasts) to call; to cry; to howl
    啼叫 ― tíjiào ― to screech
    烏啼／乌啼 ― wū tí ― crows caw
    From: Tang dynasty, Meng Haoran, 《春曉》
    Chūnmián bù jué xiǎo, chùchù wén tí niǎo. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to cry):
* 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
* 哭 (kū)
* 哭泣 (kūqì)
* 哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
* 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
* 啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 啜泣 (chuòqì)
* 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
* 嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
* 嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)
* 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
* 忽喇 (hueh$^4$ ci$^1$) (Jin)
* 抽咽 (chōuyè)
* 抽噎 (chōuyē)
* 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
* 抽泣 (chōuqì)
* 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
* 流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
* 流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
* 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
* 號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
* 號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
* 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 泣, 哭 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 哭, 哭泣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 哭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 哭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 哭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 哭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 哭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 哭, 哭鼻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 哭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 哭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 哭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 哭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 叫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 哭, 喊 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 哭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 喊 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 哭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 哭, 叫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 啼 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 哭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 哭 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 哭 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 叫 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 叫 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Changting | 唩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 唩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 唩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 叫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 唩 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 叫 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 唩 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 叫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 叫, 叫眵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唩, 唩眵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唩 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 叫 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 叫, 喊 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 叫, 叫嘴 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 叫 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 叫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 嚎 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 哭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 哭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 啼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 啼, 啼嘛 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 啼 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 嚎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 啼, 哭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 啼, 啼嘛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 哭, 吼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 吼, 哭 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 吼 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 哭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 啼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 哭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 吼 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 吼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 哭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 哭 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 叫 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 叫 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 叫 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 叫 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 叫 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 叫 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 叫 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 叫 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 叫 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 叫 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 叫 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 叫 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 叫 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 啼 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 啼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 哭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 哭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 哭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 哭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 哭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 哭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 哭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 哭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 哭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 哭 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 哭 |

### Compounds

* 乾啼濕哭 / 干啼湿哭
* 亂啼 / 乱啼
* 兒啼 / 儿啼
* 兒啼帖 / 儿啼帖
* 初試啼聲 / 初试啼声
* 含啼
* 呱呱啼
* 呱啼
* 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
* 啼叫 (tíjiào)
* 啼呼
* 啼咽
* 啼哭 (tíkū)
* 啼哭郎君
* 啼唱
* 啼喚 / 啼唤
* 啼啼哭哭
* 啼嘛
* 啼天哭地
* 啼妝 / 啼妆
* 啼明
* 啼明雞 / 啼明鸡
* 啼泣
* 啼珠
* 啼痕
* 啼眼
* 啼笑皆非 (tíxiàojiēfēi)
* 啼粧 / 啼妆
* 啼聲 / 啼声
* 啼號 / 啼号
* 啼血
* 啼謼 / 啼呼
* 啼飢號寒 / 啼饥号寒 (tíjīháohán)
* 啼饑 / 啼饥
* 啼饑號寒 / 啼饥号寒
* 啼魂
* 啼鳴 / 啼鸣 (tímíng)
* 啼鵑 / 啼鹃
* 嗥啼
* 嬌啼 / 娇啼
* 射像止啼
* 怨啼鵑 / 怨啼鹃
* 悲啼 (bēití)
* 月落烏啼 / 月落乌啼
* 望帝啼鵑 / 望帝啼鹃
* 杜鵑啼血 / 杜鹃啼血
* 柳啼花怨
* 柳泣花啼
* 濕哭乾啼 / 湿哭干啼
* 烏啼 / 乌啼 (wūtí)
* 烏啼引 / 乌啼引
* 烏夜啼 / 乌夜啼
* 燕舞鶯啼 / 燕舞莺啼
* 燕語鶯啼 / 燕语莺啼
* 狗盜雞啼 / 狗盗鸡啼
* 猿啼鶴唳 / 猿啼鹤唳
* 猿啼鶴怨 / 猿啼鹤怨
* 玉啼
* 盜啼 / 盗啼
* 破啼
* 葫蘆啼 / 葫芦啼
* 號寒啼飢 / 号寒啼饥 (háohántíjī)
* 蟬啼 / 蝉啼
* 詀啼 / 𧮪啼
* 詛啼 / 诅啼
* 銜啼 / 衔啼
* 雌雉啼
* 驚啼 / 惊啼
* 鳥哭猿啼 / 鸟哭猿啼
* 鳥啼花怨 / 鸟啼花怨
* 鳥啼花落 / 鸟啼花落
* 鴞啼鬼嘯 / 鸮啼鬼啸
* 鵑啼 / 鹃啼
* 鶯啼 / 莺啼
* 鶯啼序 / 莺啼序
* 鶯啼燕語 / 莺啼燕语
* 齊壘啼烏 / 齐垒啼乌

### References

* “啼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to cry, to call (e.g. as a bird does -- see 鳴く)

#### Readings

* Go-on: だい (dai)
* Kan-on: てい (tei)
* Kun: なく (naku, 啼く)

## Korean
### Hanja

啼 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

啼: Hán Nôm readings: đề
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.