# قنطرة
## Arabic

* Root
* ق ن ط ر (q n ṭ r)
* 3 terms

### Etymology

Multiple confounded etymologies:
* Via Classical Syriac ܩܶܢܛܪܳܘܢ (qenṭrōn) from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, “center”), from the idea of an arch vaulting a central point.
* From Classical Syriac ܩܛܰܪܬܴܐ (qəṭartā, “binding, node, conjunction; specifically also bridge”) from the root ܩ ܛ ܪ related to binding.
* From Latin cintrum, its plural cintra, a vulgar form of cinctūra (“girthing”) employed as such in Medieval Latin and the source of French cintre (“curve, round arch”) – which would ascribe to Arabic the first attestation of this Romance form, the 6th-century poet Ṭarafa’s vers كقنطرة الروميّ أقسم رَبّها لتْكتَنَفَنَ حتى تشاد بِقَرْمَد.
* From Latin canthērius – Ancient Greek κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios) –, meaning a “gelding” and because of this a “beast of burden” and then “trellis; chevrons, spars, gantry” (Gebälk, Sparrwerk, Gerüst), compare for such development the etymologies of chevron, chevalet, gantry, easel.
* A genuine formation from the root ق ط ر (q ṭ r) from which قَطَرَ (qaṭara, “to put (camels) into a file”), قِطَار (qiṭār, “train”), the ن (n) being not a rare augment.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qan.tˤa.ra/

### Noun

قَنْطَرَة • (qanṭara) f (plural قَنَاطِر (qanāṭir))
* arch, vault
* bridge
** viaduct
** aqueduct
** barrage, dam

#### Derived terms

* قَنْطَرَ (qanṭara, “to vault, to arch over”)

#### Descendants

* Moroccan Arabic: قنطرة (qanṭra)
* → Catalan: Alcàntara
* → Georgian: ქანდარა (kandara)
* → Italian: Alcantara
* → Ottoman Turkish: قنطره (kantara)
** Turkish: kantara
* → Portuguese: Alcântara
* → Sicilian: Càntara
* → Spanish: alcántara

### References

* Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24
* Corriente, Federico (2008) “قنطرة”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 444–445
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Goeje, Michael Jan (1866) Description de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne par Edrîsî‎ (in French), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 369–370
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قنطرة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 412–413
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 285
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1905–1906) “R. Geyer's »Zwei Gedichte von Al-ʾAʿšâ«”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 19, pages 270–271
* Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 334
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “قنطرة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2568
* Le Strange, Guy (1905) The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 57
* الأعشى [al-ʾaʿšā] (a. 625) Geyer, Rudolf, editor, Zwei Gedichte von Al-ʾAʿšâ (Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-historische Klasse; 149/6)‎ (in German), volume Mâ Bukâʾu, Wien: In Kommission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, published 1905, pages 114 and 117–119
* Streck, Maximilian (1978) “Ḳanṭara”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, pages 555–556
* Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, page 316
* Vollers, Karl (1893) “Vier Lehnwörter im Arabischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 8, pages 100–101
* Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy (a. 1229) Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān]‎ (in Arabic), volume 4, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1869, page 187

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَنْطَرَة (qanṭara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qan.tˤra/

### Noun

قنطرة • (qanṭra) f (plural قناطر (qnāṭar) or قنطرات (qanṭrāt))
* bridge