# lieutenant
## English
### Alternative forms

* leftenant, leftenaunt, lieftenant, lieftenaunt, lieutenaunt (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English lieutenant, lieftenaunt, from Anglo-Norman lieutenant, lyutenaunt, leu tenant, leu tenaunt (“deputy, lieutenant”), from Old French lieu (“place”) + tenant (“holder”). Doublet of locum tenens.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/, /ləˈtɛnənt/
** Audio (UK):(file)
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (US) IPA: /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/
** Audio (US):(file)
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Canada) IPA: /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/, /lɛfˈtɛnənt/
** Audio (Canada):(file)
** Audio (Canada):(file)
* (India) IPA: /ˈlɛftɛnənt/
** Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnənt

### Noun

lieutenant (plural lieutenants)
* (military) The lowest junior commissioned officer rank(s) in many military forces, often Army and Marines.
** (military, US) In the US Army, Air Force and Marines, holding the rank above second lieutenant and below captain. Both ranks may be referred to as "lieutenant" or as the complete forms of the ranks.
** (military, US, navy) A naval officer whose rank is above that of ensign in the United States Navy and below that of a lieutenant commander. There are two ranks of lieutenant: lieutenant junior grade and lieutenant.
** (military, US) A commissioned officer in the United States Coast Guard, Public Health Service, or National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration whose rank is above that of ensign and below lieutenant commander. There are two ranks of lieutenant: lieutenant junior grade and lieutenant.
** (military, UK) A commissioned officer in the British Army and Royal Marines, holding the rank above second lieutenant and below captain. Both ranks may be referred to as "lieutenant"; however, "second lieutenant" is to specify that the officer is not yet a full lieutenant.
** (military, UK) A naval officer whose rank is above that of sub-lieutenant in the Royal Navy and below that of a lieutenant commander.
** (military, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A naval Commissioned Officer who holds the rank above sub-lieutenant and below lieutenant commander.
* A person who manages or executes the plans and directives of another, more senior person; a manager to their director.
** 2023 December 9, Tripp Mickle, Cade Metz, Mike Isaac, Karen Weise, “Inside OpenAI’s Crisis Over the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Mr. Scott immediately asked someone at Microsoft’s headquarters in Redmond, Wash., to get Mr. Nadella, the chief executive, out of a meeting he was having with top lieutenants.
* The second-in-command (2IC) of a group.

#### Usage notes

When used as a title, it is always capitalised, and frequently abbreviated to Lt.
* Example: Lieutenant Anne Ward.
The rank of lieutenant corresponds to pay grade O-3 in the US Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service, and National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration.

#### Synonyms

* (military): Lt., LT., LT, lieut., Lieut., lieut, Lieut (abbreviation)

#### Derived terms

* brevet lieutenant
* captain lieutenant
* desk lieutenant
* fifth lieutenant
* first lieutenant
* flag lieutenant
* flight lieutenant
* fourth lieutenant
* junior lieutenant
* lieutenant admiral
* lieutenant-admiral
* lieutenant captain
* lieutenant colonel
* lieutenant-colonel
* lieutenant-colonelcy
* lieutenant commander
* lieutenant general
* lieutenant governor
* lieutenant-governor
* lieutenant junior grade
* lieutenant marshal
* lieutenant senior grade
* police lieutenant
* second lieutenant
* senior lieutenant
* shift lieutenant
* staff lieutenant
* sublieutenant
* third lieutenant

#### Descendants

* → Irish: leifteanant
* → Malay: leftenan
* → Swahili: luteni

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* subaltern

### Adjective

lieutenant (not comparable)
* A military grade that is junior to the grade the adjective modifies: lieutenant colonel, lieutenant general, lieutenant commander.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ In a survey in 1972, only 14–19% of 14-year-olds used the traditional pronunciation IPA: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/: How do you pronounce Lieutenant Governor?, Toronto Star; July 6, 2014
* Lieutenant, World Wide Words

## French
### Etymology

Univerbation of lieu tenant, literally “placeholder”, from tenir lieu (“to hold the place of someone, to act as a substitute for someone”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ljøt.nɑ̃/
* Audio (France):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

lieutenant m (plural lieutenants, feminine lieutenante)
* (military) lieutenant
* deputy, right-hand man, second-in-command
    Synonym: adjoint

#### Derived terms

* lieutenance
* lieutenant civil
* lieutenant criminel
* lieutenant général
* lieutenant-colonel
* lieutenant-gouverneur
* sous-lieutenant

#### Descendants

* → Danish: løjtnant
** → Faroese: loytnantur
* → Romansch: litinent

### Further reading

* “lieutenant”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Noun

lieutenant m (plural lieutenants)
* lieutenant (person who executes the plans and directives of another)

#### Descendants

* → German: Leutnant, Leutenant (archaic), Lieutenant (archaic)
** → Estonian: leitnant
** → Lower Sorbian: leutnant
* → English: lieutenant, leftenant, leftenaunt, lieftenant, lieftenaunt, lieutenaunt (obsolete)
** → Irish: leifteanant
** → Malay: leftenan
** → Swahili: luteni
* French: lieutenant
** → Danish: løjtnant
*** → Faroese: loytnantur
** → Romansch: litinent