# ϩⲱⲗ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲟⲗ (hol) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲱⲣ (hōr) — Bohairic, Sahidic

### Etymology 1
#### Proper noun

ϩⲱⲗ • (hōl) m
* (Fayyumic) Horus, the Egyptian god of kingship and the sky
* a male given name

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hoːl/

#### Verb

ϩⲱⲗ • (hōl) (stative ϩⲏⲗ)
* (intransitive, Sahidic, Akhmimic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) to fly
** Revelation 12
    ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϯ ⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲛϩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲧⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲕⲁⲁⲥ ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲩϣⲥ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙⲛ ⲧⲡⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙⲡⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡϩⲟϥ.
       Two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman, that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, so that she might be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.
* (intransitive, Bohairic, Fayyumic) to go

##### Conjugation

Though the tables below show the expected conjugation with the infinitive as root, in fact for this verb the infinitive is never used with durative sentences (which must instead take the stative).
| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tm̄hōl, tm̄n̄hōl | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄n̄hōl |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲗ tihōl | ⲕϩⲱⲗ khōl | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ tehōl | ϥϩⲱⲗ fhōl | ⲥϩⲱⲗ shōl | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tn̄hōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tetn̄hōl | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ sehōl | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ eïhōl | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ekhōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗ efhōl | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eshōl | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ enhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etetn̄hōl | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ euhōl | ⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ e- hōl, ere- hōl |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲗ etihōl | ⲉⲧⲕϩⲱⲗ etkhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etehōl, eterehōl | ⲉⲧϥϩⲱⲗ etfhōl | ⲉⲧⲥϩⲱⲗ etshōl | ⲉⲧⲛϩⲱⲗ etnhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ete- hōl, etere- hōl |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ naïhōl | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nakhōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ narehōl | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nafhōl | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nashōl | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nanhōl | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ natetn̄hōl | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nauhōl | ⲛⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ na- hōl, nare- hōl |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ aretenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲁⲣ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl, ar- hōl, are- hōl |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tinahōl | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ knahōl | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tenahōl | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ fnahōl | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ snahōl | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tn̄nahōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tetnahōl | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ senahōl | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nahōl |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eïnahōl | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eknahōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ erenahōl | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ efnahōl | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ esnahōl | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ennahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etetnahōl | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eunahōl | ⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ e- nahōl |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etinahōl | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etknahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etenahōl, eterenahōl | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etfnahōl | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etsnahōl | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etnnahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etetnahōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etounahōl | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ete- nahōl |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ naïnahōl | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ naknahōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ narenahōl | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nafnahōl | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nasnahōl | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nannahōl | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ netetnahōl | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ naunahōl | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ na- nahōl |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ainahōl | ⲁⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ aknahōl, eknahōl | ⲁⲣⲁϩⲱⲗ arahōl | ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ afnahōl | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ asnahōl | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ annahōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ aretennahōl | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ aunahōl | ⲁ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ a- nahōl, are- nahōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ aïhōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ arhōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ atetn̄hōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ m̄pihōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pk̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pehōl, m̄pr̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pf̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄ps̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄petn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̄pouhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̄pe- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ eaïhōl | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ eakhōl | ⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ earhōl | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ eafhōl | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ eashōl | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eanhōl | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ eatetn̄hōl | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ eauhōl | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ ea- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ em̄pihōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pk̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pehōl, em̄pr̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pf̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄ps̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄petn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̄pouhōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̄pe- hōl |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ etaïhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etakhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ etarhōl | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etafhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etashōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etanhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etatetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etauhōl | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ eta- hōl |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ etem̄pihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pk̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pehōl, etem̄pr̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pf̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄ps̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄petn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etem̄pouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pe- hōl |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ neaïhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ neakhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ nearhōl | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ neafhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ neashōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ neanhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ neatetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ neauhōl | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nea- hōl |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ nem̄pihōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pk̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pehōl, nem̄pr̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pf̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄ps̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄petn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nem̄pouhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pe- hōl |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ naïhōl | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nakhōl | ⲛⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ narhōl | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nafhōl | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nashōl | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nanhōl | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ natetn̄hōl | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nauhōl | ⲛⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ na- hōl |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ m̄patihōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patk̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ m̄patehōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patf̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pats̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patetn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̄patouhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ em̄patihōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patk̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ em̄patehōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patf̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pats̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patetn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̄patouhōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ etem̄patihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patk̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etem̄patehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patf̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pats̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etem̄patouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ nem̄patihōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patk̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ nem̄patehōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patf̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pats̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nem̄patouhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pate- hōl |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ xareïhōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ xarekhōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ xarehōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ xarefhōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ xareshōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ xarenhōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ xaretetn̄hōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ xarouhōl | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ xare- hōl |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ maïhōl | ⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ makhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ marehōl | ⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲗ mafhōl | ⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ mashōl | ⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ manhōl | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ matetn̄hōl | ⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ mauhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲙⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ mare- hōl, ma- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ exareïhōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ exarekhōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ exarehōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ exarefhōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ exareshōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ exarenhōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ exaretetn̄hōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ exarouhōl | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ exare- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ emaïhōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ emakhōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ emarehōl | ⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲗ emafhōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ emashōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ emanhōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ ematetn̄hōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ emauhōl | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ emare- hōl, ema- hōl |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ etexareïhōl, etxareïhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etexarekhōl, etxarekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etexarehōl, etxarehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etexarefhōl, etxarefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etexareshōl, etxareshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etexarenhōl, etxarenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etexaretetn̄hōl, etxaretetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etexarouhōl, etxarouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etexare- hōl, etxare- hōl |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ etemaïhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etemakhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etemarehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etemafhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etemashōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etemanhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etematetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etemauhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ etemare- hōl, etema- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ nexareïhōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nexarekhōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nexarehōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nexarefhōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nexareshōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nexarenhōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nexaretetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nexarouhōl | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nexare- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ nemaïhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nemakhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nemarehōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nemafhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nemashōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nemanhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nematetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nemauhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nemare- hōl, nema- hōl |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ amaïhōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ amakhōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ amarehōl | ⲁⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲗ amafhōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ amashōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ amanhōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ amatetn̄hōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ amauhōl | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲙⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ amare- hōl, ma- hōl |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁϩⲱⲗ aïahōl | ⲁⲕⲁϩⲱⲗ akahōl | ⲁⲣⲁϩⲱⲗ arahōl | ⲁϥⲁϩⲱⲗ afahōl | ⲁⲥⲁϩⲱⲗ asahōl | ⲁⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ anahōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ atetnahōl | ⲁⲩⲁϩⲱⲗ auahōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nahōl, enahōl | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nekhōl, enekhōl | ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nehōl, enehōl | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nefhōl, enefhōl | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ neshōl, eneshōl | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nenhōl, enenhōl | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ netn̄hōl, enetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ neuhōl, eneuhōl | ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ne- hōl |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ marihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ marefhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mareshōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ marn̄hōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ marouhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mare- hōl |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ mn̄tahōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ mn̄tf̄hōl | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ mn̄ts̄hōl | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ mn̄tn̄hōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ mn̄touhōl | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mn̄te- hōl |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ tahōl | ⲕϩⲱⲗ khōl | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ tehōl | ϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥϩⲱⲗ fhōl, n̄tfhōl | ⲥϩⲱⲗ shōl | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tn̄hōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tetn̄hōl | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲥⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ sehōl, souhōl | ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ te- hōl |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ tarihōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ tarekhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ tarehōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ tarefhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ tareshōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tarn̄hōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ taretetn̄hōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ tarouhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ tare- hōl |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ n̄tarihōl, tarihōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ n̄tarekhōl, tarekhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ n̄tarehōl, tarehōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ n̄tarefhōl, tarefhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ n̄tareshōl, tareshōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄tarn̄hōl, tarn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄taretn̄hōl, taretn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ n̄tarouhōl, tarouhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ n̄tare- hōl, tare- hōl |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϩⲱⲗ šatihōl | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ šatk̄hōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ šatehōl | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ šatf̄hōl | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ šats̄hōl | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ šatn̄hōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ šatetn̄hōl | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ šatouhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šate- hōl |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁϩⲱⲗ aïšahōl, eïšahōl | ⲁⲕϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲕϣⲁϩⲱⲗ akšahōl, ekšahōl | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁϩⲱⲗ arešahōl, erešahōl | ⲁϥϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϥϣⲁϩⲱⲗ afšahōl, efšahōl | ⲁⲥϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲥϣⲁϩⲱⲗ asšahōl, esšahōl | ⲁⲛϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛϣⲁϩⲱⲗ anšahōl, enšahōl | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ ašatetn̄hōl, ešatetn̄hōl | ⲁⲩϣⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲩϣⲁϩⲱⲗ aušahōl, eušahōl | ⲁϣⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ aša- hōl, eša- hōl |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ aïhōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ atetn̄hōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ are- hōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲱⲗ štemhōl | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϩⲱⲗ m̀perhōl |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲗ tihōl | ⲕϩⲱⲗ khōl | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ tehōl | ϥϩⲱⲗ fhōl | ⲥϩⲱⲗ shōl | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ tenhōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ tetenhōl | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ sehōl | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ eihōl | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ekhōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗ efhōl | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eshōl | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ enhōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ eretenhōl | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ euhōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ere- hōl |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲗ etihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etehōl | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eteshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ete- hōl |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ naihōl | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nakhōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ narehōl | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nafhōl | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nashōl | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nanhōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ naretenhōl | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nauhōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nare- hōl |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ aretenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ are- hōl |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tinahōl | ⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ khnahōl | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϩⲱⲗ terahōl | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ fnahōl | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ snahōl | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tennahōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tetennahōl | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ senahōl | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nahōl |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ einahōl | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ekhnahōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ erenahōl | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ efnahōl | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ esnahōl | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ennahōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eretennahōl | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eunahōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ere- nahōl |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etinahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etekhnahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etenahōl | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etefnahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etesnahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etennahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etetennahōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etounahōl | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ete- nahōl |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nainahōl | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nakhnahōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ narenahōl | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nafnahōl | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nasnahōl | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nannahōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ naretennahōl | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ naunahōl | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nare- nahōl |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ainahōl | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ akhnahōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ arenahōl | ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ afnahōl | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ asnahōl | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ annahōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ aretennahōl | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ aunahōl | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ are- nahōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ atetenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ m̀pihōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ m̀pekhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ m̀pehōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ m̀pefhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ m̀peshōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀penhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀petenhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̀pouhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̀pe- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ eaihōl | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ eakhōl | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ earehōl | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ eafhōl | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ eashōl | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eanhōl | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ eatetenhōl | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ eauhōl | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ ea- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ em̀pihōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ em̀pekhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ em̀pehōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ em̀pefhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ em̀peshōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀penhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀petenhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̀pouhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̀pe- hōl |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ etaihōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etakhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etarehōl | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etafhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etashōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etanhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etaretenhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etauhōl | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ eta- hōl |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ etm̀pihōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etm̀pekhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ etm̀pehōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etm̀pefhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etm̀peshōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀penhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀petenhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etm̀pouhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etm̀pe- hōl |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ neaihōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ neakhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nearehōl | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ neafhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ neashōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ neanhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ neatetenhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ neauhōl | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nea- hōl |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ nem̀pihōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nem̀pekhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ nem̀pehōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nem̀pefhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nem̀peshōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nem̀penhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nem̀petenhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nem̀pouhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nem̀pe- hōl |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ etaihōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etakhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etarehōl | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etafhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etashōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etanhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etaretenhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etauhōl | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ eta- hōl |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ m̀patihōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ m̀patekhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ m̀patehōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ m̀patefhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ m̀pateshōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀patenhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀patetenhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̀patouhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̀pate- hōl |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ em̀patihōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ em̀patekhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ em̀patehōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ em̀patefhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ em̀pateshōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀patenhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀patetenhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̀patouhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̀pate- hōl |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ etm̀patihōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etm̀patekhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etm̀patehōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etm̀patefhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etm̀pateshōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀patenhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀patetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etm̀patouhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etm̀pate- hōl |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ nam̀patihōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nam̀patekhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ nam̀patehōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nam̀patefhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nam̀pateshōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nam̀patenhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nam̀patetenhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nam̀patouhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nam̀pate- hōl |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ šaihōl | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ šakhōl | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ šarehōl | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ šafhōl | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ šashōl | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ šanhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šatetenhōl | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ šauhōl | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šare- hōl |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ m̀paihōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ m̀pakhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ m̀parehōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗ m̀pafhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ m̀pashōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀panhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀paretenhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ m̀pauhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̀pare- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ ešaihōl | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ ešakhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ ešarehōl | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ešafhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ešashōl | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ešanhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ešatetenhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ ešauhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ešare- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ em̀paihōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ em̀pakhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ em̀parehōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗ em̀pafhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ em̀pashōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀panhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀paretenhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ em̀pauhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̀pare- hōl |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ etšaihōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etšakhōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etšarehōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etšafhōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etšashōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etšanhōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etšatetenhōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etšauhōl | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etšare- hōl |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ etm̀paihōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etm̀pakhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etm̀parehōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etm̀pafhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etm̀pashōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀panhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etm̀paretenhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etm̀pauhōl | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etm̀pare- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ našaihōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ našakhōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ našarehōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ našafhōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ našashōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ našanhōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ našatetenhōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ našauhōl | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ našare- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ nam̀paihōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nam̀pakhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nam̀parehōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nam̀pafhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nam̀pashōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nam̀panhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nam̀paretenhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nam̀pauhōl | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nam̀pare- hōl |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ em̀paihōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ em̀pakhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ em̀parehōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗ em̀pafhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ em̀pashōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀panhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ em̀paretenhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ em̀pauhōl | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̀pare- hōl |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲱⲗ eiehōl | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲗ ekehōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲗ efehōl | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ esehōl | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ enehōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eretenehōl | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲗ euehōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ere- hōl |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ǹnahōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ǹnekhōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ ǹnehōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ ǹnefhōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ ǹneshōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ǹnenhōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ǹnetenhōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ ǹnouhōl | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ǹne- hōl |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ marihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ marefhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mareshōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ marenhōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ marouhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mare- hōl |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ m̀penthrihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ m̀penthrefhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ m̀penthreshōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̀penthrenhōl | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ m̀penthreuhōl | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̀penthre- hōl |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ ǹtahōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ǹtekhōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ ǹtehōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ ǹtefhōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ ǹteshōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ǹtenhōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ǹtetenhōl | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ ǹsehōl, ǹtouhōl | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ǹte- hōl |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ tarihōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ tarekhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ tarehōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ tarefhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ tareshōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ tarenhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ taretenhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ tarouhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ tare- hōl |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϩⲱⲗ šatihōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ šatekhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ šatehōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ šatefhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ šateshōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šatenhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šatetenhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ šatouhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šate- hōl |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ aišanhōl | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ akšanhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ arešanhōl | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ afšanhōl | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ asšanhōl | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anšanhōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ aretenšanhōl | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ aušanhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲗ arešan- hōl |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ aretenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ are- hōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲱⲗ štemhōl | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲗ, ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲗ mpelhōl, pelhōl |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲗ tihōl | ⲕϩⲱⲗ khōl | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ tehōl | ϥϩⲱⲗ fhōl | ⲥϩⲱⲗ shōl | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ tenhōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ tetenhōl | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ sehōl | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ eihōl | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ekhōl | ⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ elehōl | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗ efhōl | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eshōl | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ enhōl | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ eletenhōl | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ euhōl | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ele- hōl |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲗ etihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etehōl | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eteshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ete- hōl, etele- hōl |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ naihōl | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nakhōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ nalehōl | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nafhōl | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nashōl | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nanhōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ naletenhōl | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nauhōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nale- hōl |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ alehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ aletenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ale- hōl |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ tinehōl | ⲕⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ knehōl | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ tenehōl | ϥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ fnehōl | ⲥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ snehōl | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ tennehōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ tetennehōl | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ senehōl | ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nehōl |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ einehōl | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eknehōl | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ elenehōl | ⲉϥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ efnehōl | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ esnehōl | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ ennehōl | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eletennehōl | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eunehōl | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ ele- nehōl |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etinehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eteknehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etenehōl | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etefnehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etesnehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etennehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etetennehōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etounehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etele- nehōl |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nainehōl | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ naknehōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nalenehōl | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nafnehōl | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nasnehōl | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nannehōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ naletennehōl | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ naunehōl | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nale- nehōl |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ ainehōl | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ aknehōl | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ alenehōl | ⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ afnehōl | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ asnehōl | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ annehōl | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ aletennehōl | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ aunehōl | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ ale- nehōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ alehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ atetenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ mpihōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ mpekhōl | ⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ mpehōl | ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ mpefhōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mpeshōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ mpenhōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ mpetenhōl | ⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ mpouhōl | ⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mpe- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ eaihōl | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ eakhōl | ⲉⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ ealehōl | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ eafhōl | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ eashōl | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eanhōl | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ eatetenhōl | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ eauhōl | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ ea- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ empihōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ empekhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ empehōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ empefhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ empeshōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ empenhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ empetenhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ empouhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ empe- hōl |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ ntaihōl | ⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ ntakhōl | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ ntalehōl | ⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ntafhōl | ⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ntashōl | ⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ntanhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etaletenhōl | ⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ ntauhōl | ⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nta- hōl |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ etempihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etempekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ etempehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etempefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etempeshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etempenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etempetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etempouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etempe- hōl |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ nneaihōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nneakhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ nnealehōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nneafhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nneashōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nneanhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nneatetenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nneauhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nnea- hōl |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ nnempihōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nnempekhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ nnempehōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nnempefhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nnempeshōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnempenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnempetenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nnempouhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nnempe- hōl |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aaihōl | ⲁⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ aakhōl | ⲁⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ aalehōl | ⲁⲁϥϩⲱⲗ aafhōl | ⲁⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ aashōl | ⲁⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ aanhōl | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etaletenhōl | ⲁⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ aauhōl | ⲁⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ aa- hōl |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ mpatihōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ mpatekhōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ mpatehōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ mpatefhōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mpateshōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ mpatenhōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ mpatetenhōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ mpatouhōl | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mpate- hōl |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ empatihōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ empatekhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ empatehōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ empatefhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ empateshōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ empatenhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ empatetenhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ empatouhōl | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ empate- hōl |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ etempatihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etempatekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etempatehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etempatefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etempateshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etempatenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etempatetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etempatouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etempate- hōl |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ nnempatihōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nnempatekhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ nnempatehōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nnempatefhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nnempateshōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnempatenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnempatetenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nnempatouhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nnempate- hōl |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ šaihōl | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ šakhōl | ϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ šalehōl | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ šafhōl | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ šashōl | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ šanhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šatetenhōl | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ šauhōl | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šale- hōl |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ meihōl | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ mekhōl | ⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ melehōl | ⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ mefhōl | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ meshōl | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ menhōl | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ meletenhōl | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ meuhōl | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mele- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ ešaihōl | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ ešakhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ ešalehōl | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ešafhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ešashōl | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ešanhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ešatetenhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ ešauhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ešale- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ emeihōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ emekhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ emelehōl | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ emefhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ emeshōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ emenhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ emeletenhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ emeuhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ emele- hōl |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ etešaihōl, nšaihōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etešakhōl, nšakhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ etešalehōl, nšalehōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etešafhōl, nšafhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etešashōl, nšashōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etešanhōl, nšanhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etešatetenhōl, nšatetenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etešauhōl, nšauhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etešale- hōl, nšale- hōl |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ etemeihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etemekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ etemelehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etemefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etemeshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etemenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etemeletenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ etemeuhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etemele- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ nnešaihōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nnešakhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ nnešalehōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nnešafhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nnešashōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nnešanhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnešatetenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nnešauhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nnešale- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ nnemeihōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nnemekhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ nnemelehōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nnemefhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nnemeshōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnemenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnemeletenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ nnemeuhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nnemele- hōl |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓϩⲱⲗ nmeihōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nmekhōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ nmelehōl | ⲛⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nmefhōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nmeshōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nmenhōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nmeletenhōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ nmeuhōl | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nmele- hōl |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲱⲗ eiehōl | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲗ ekehōl | ⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ elehōl | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲗ efehōl | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ esehōl | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ enehōl | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ eletenehōl | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲗ euehōl | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ele- hōl |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nnahōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nnekhōl | ⲛⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ nnehōl | ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nnefhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nneshōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnenhōl | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nnetenhōl | ⲛⲛⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nnouhōl | ⲛⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nne- hōl |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓϩⲱⲗ malihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲱⲗ malefhōl | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ maleshōl | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ malenhōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ malouhōl | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ male- hōl |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ mpeltrihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ mpeltrefhōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mpeltreshōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ mpeltrenhōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ mpeltreuhōl | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mpeltre- hōl |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ tahōl, ntahōl | ⲛⲕϩⲱⲗ nkhōl | ⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ ntehōl | ⲛϥϩⲱⲗ nfhōl | ⲛⲥϩⲱⲗ nshōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ntenhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ntetenhōl | ⲛⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ nsehōl | ⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nte- hōl |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϩⲱⲗ talihōl, ntalihōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ talekhōl, ntalekhōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ talehōl, ntalehōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲱⲗ talefhōl, ntalefhōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ taleshōl, ntaleshōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ talenhōl, ntalenhōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ taletenhōl, ntaletenhōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ talouhōl, ntalouhōl | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ tale- hōl, ntale- hōl |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϩⲱⲗ ntelihōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ntelekhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ ntelehōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϩⲱⲗ ntelefhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nteleshōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ ntelenhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nteletenhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ ntelouhōl | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ntele- hōl |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲗ šantihōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ šantekhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ šantehōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗ šantefhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ šanteshōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šantenhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ šantetenhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ šantouhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šante- hōl |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eišanhōl | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ekšanhōl | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ elešanhōl | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ efšanhōl | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ esšanhōl | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ enšanhōl | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eletenšanhōl | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eušanhōl | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲗ elešan- hōl, elšan- hōl |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ aihōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲱⲗ alehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ aletenhōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ale- hōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲗ tm̄hōl | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄hōl |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲗ tihōl | ⲕϩⲱⲗ khōl | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ tehōl | ϥϩⲱⲗ fhōl | ⲥϩⲱⲗ shōl | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tn̄hōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tetn̄hōl | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ sehōl | ϩⲱⲗ hōl |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ eïhōl | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ekhōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗ efhōl | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eshōl | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ enhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etetn̄hōl | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ euhōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ere- hōl |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲗ etihōl | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ etk̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etehōl, eterehōl | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etf̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ ets̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etere- hōl |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ neïhōl | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nekhōl | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nerehōl | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nefhōl | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ neshōl | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nenhōl | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ netetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ neuhōl | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nere- hōl |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tinahōl | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ knahōl | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tenahōl | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ fnahōl | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ snahōl | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tn̄nahōl | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ tetnahōl | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ senahōl | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nahōl |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eïnahōl | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eknahōl | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ erenahōl | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ efnahōl | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ esnahōl | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ennahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etetnahōl | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ eunahōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ere- nahōl |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etinahōl | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etk̄nahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etenahōl, eterenahōl | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etf̄nahōl | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ets̄nahōl | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etn̄nahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etetnahōl | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etounahōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ etere- nahōl |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ neïnahōl | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ neknahōl | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nerenahōl | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nefnahōl | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nesnahōl | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nennahōl | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ netetnahōl | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ neunahōl | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ nere- nahōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ aïhōl | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ akhōl | ⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ ahōl, arhōl, arehōl | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ afhōl | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ashōl | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ anhōl | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ atetn̄hōl | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ auhōl | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ a- hōl |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ m̄pihōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pk̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pehōl, m̄pr̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pf̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄ps̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄petn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̄pouhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̄pe- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ eaïhōl | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ eakhōl | ⲉⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ eahōl, earhōl, earehōl | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ eafhōl | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ eashōl | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eanhōl | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ eatetn̄hōl | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ eauhōl | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ ea- hōl |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ em̄pihōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pk̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pehōl, em̄pr̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pf̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄ps̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄petn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̄pouhōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̄pe- hōl |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ entaïhōl, n̄taïhōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ entakhōl, n̄takhōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ entahōl, n̄tahōl, entarhōl, n̄tarhōl, entarehōl, n̄tarehōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ entafhōl, n̄tafhōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ entashōl, n̄tashōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ entanhōl, n̄tanhōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ entatetn̄hōl, n̄tatetn̄hōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ entauhōl, n̄tauhōl | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ enta- hōl, n̄ta- hōl |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ etem̄pihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pk̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pehōl, etem̄pr̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pf̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄ps̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄petn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etem̄pouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pe- hōl |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ neaïhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ neakhōl | ⲛⲉⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ neahōl, nearhōl, nearehōl | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗ neafhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ neashōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ neanhōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ neatetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ neauhōl | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ nea- hōl |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗ nem̄pihōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pk̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pehōl, nem̄pr̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pf̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄ps̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄petn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nem̄pouhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pe- hōl |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ n̄taïhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ n̄takhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ n̄tahōl, n̄tarhōl, n̄tarehōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗ n̄tafhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ n̄tashōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ n̄tanhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄tatetn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ n̄tauhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗ n̄ta- hōl |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ m̄patihōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patk̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ m̄patehōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patf̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄pats̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ m̄patetn̄hōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ m̄patouhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ em̄patihōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patk̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ em̄patehōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patf̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄pats̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ em̄patetn̄hōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ em̄patouhōl | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ em̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ etem̄patihōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patk̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ etem̄patehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patf̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pats̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etem̄patetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ etem̄patouhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etem̄pate- hōl |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗ nem̄patihōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patk̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ nem̄patehōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patf̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pats̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nem̄patetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ nem̄patouhōl | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nem̄pate- hōl |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ šaïhōl | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ šakhōl | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ šarehōl | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ šafhōl | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ šashōl | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ šanhōl | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ šatetn̄hōl | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ šauhōl | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šare- hōl |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ meïhōl | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ mekhōl | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ merehōl | ⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ mefhōl | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ meshōl | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ menhōl | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ metetn̄hōl | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ meuhōl | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mere- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ ešaïhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ ešakhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ ešarehōl | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ešafhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ ešashōl | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ešanhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ ešatetn̄hōl | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ ešauhōl | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ešare- hōl |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ emeïhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ emekhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ emerehōl | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ emefhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ emeshōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ emenhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ emetetn̄hōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ emeuhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ emere- hōl |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ etešaïhōl, ešaïhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ etešakhōl, ešakhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etešarehōl, ešarehōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ etešafhōl, ešafhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ etešashōl, ešashōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etešanhōl, ešanhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etešatetn̄hōl, ešatetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ etešauhōl, ešauhōl | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etešare- hōl, ešare- hōl |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ etemeïhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ etemekhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ etemerehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ etemefhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ etemeshōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ etemenhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etemetetn̄hōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ etemeuhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ etemere- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ nešaïhōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗ nešakhōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nešarehōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗ nešafhōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗ nešashōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ nešanhōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nešatetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗ nešauhōl | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nešare- hōl |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ nemeïhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ nemekhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ nemerehōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ nemefhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ nemeshōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ nemenhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ nemetetn̄hōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ nemeuhōl | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ nemere- hōl |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ emeïhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ emekhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ emerehōl | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲗ emefhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ emeshōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ emenhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ emetetn̄hōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ emeuhōl | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ emere- hōl |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲱⲗ eïehōl | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲗ ekehōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲗ efehōl | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ esehōl | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ enehōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ etetnehōl | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲗ euehōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ere- hōl |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ n̄nahōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ n̄nekhōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗ n̄nehōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗ n̄nefhōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ n̄neshōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ n̄nenhōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄netn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ n̄neuhōl | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ n̄ne- hōl |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ marihōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ marefhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ mareshōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ marn̄hōl | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ marouhōl | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ mare- hōl |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄trahōl | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄trefhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄treshōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄trenhōl | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄treuhōl | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ m̄pr̄tre- hōl |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ, ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗ n̄tahōl, tahōl | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲱⲗ n̄ghōl, n̄khōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ n̄tehōl | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲱⲗ n̄fhōl | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲱⲗ n̄shōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄tn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄tetn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗ n̄sehōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ n̄te- hōl |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ tarihōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ tarekhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ tarehōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ tarefhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ tareshōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ tarn̄hōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ taretn̄hōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ tarouhōl | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ tare- hōl |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲱⲗ n̄terihōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ n̄terekhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲱⲗ n̄terehōl, n̄tererhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗ n̄terefhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ n̄tereshōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ n̄tern̄hōl, n̄terenhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ n̄teretn̄hōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ n̄terouhōl | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ n̄tere- hōl |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲗ šantihōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲗ šantk̄hōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲗ šantehōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲗ šantf̄hōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲗ šants̄hōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ šantn̄hōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ šantetn̄hōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗ šantouhōl | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ šante- hōl |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eïšanhōl | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ ekšanhōl | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eršanhōl, erešanhōl | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ efšanhōl | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ esšanhōl | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ enšanhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ etetn̄šanhōl | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗ eušanhōl | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲗ eršan- hōl |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲗ eïhōl | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗ ekhōl | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗ erehōl | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗ efhōl | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ eshōl | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗ enhōl | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲗ etetn̄hōl | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗ euhōl | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗ ere- hōl |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 665
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 278