# 略

| 略 | U+7565, &#30053; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7565 |
| ← 畤 [U+7564] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 畦 → [U+7566] |
| 略 | U+F976, &#63862; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F976 |
| ← 掠 [U+F975] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 亮 → [U+F977] |

## Translingual
### Han character

略 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 6706$_4$, composition ⿰田各)

#### Derived characters

* 㑼, 㨼, 䌎, 𧐣, 𨎟, 𧐯, 𪅅, 𧕌, 𰔡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 762, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
* Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
* Unihan data for U+7565
* Unihan data for U+F976

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 略
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raɡ): semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

### Etymology
#### "to plunder, to pillage"

    Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (“to loot, to raid (not to kill)”). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".
    掠 (lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.

#### "sharp"

    "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, “to cut keenly”) and မြ (mra., “sharp”), Jingpho mya (“torn, ragged”), Dimasa [script needed] (džə brau, “to scratch, maul, claw”), Drung pra (“to cut (with sharp instruments)”).

#### "to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier"

    Possible allofams are 慮 (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)

#### "outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief"

    Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)

#### "to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lüè (lüe$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loek$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lio̍k
* Northern Min (KCR): liŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): liŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lyoh$^7$ / lyeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / lia̍k / lio̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liag$^8$ / lioh$^8$ / liêh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$liaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lüè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
*** Wade–Giles: lüeh$^4$
*** Yale: lywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
*** Palladius: люэ (ljue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loek$^6$
*** Yale: leuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lio̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: liog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯ok̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /liɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃uoʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyoh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍h
*** Tâi-lô: lio̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioih
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lioʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lioʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lioʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɤʔ⁴/
* lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
* lio̍h - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit略 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lyɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /liau⁵³/ /lyɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /lye⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /luə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /lyə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /lyo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /luo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /lyu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /lye¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /lyə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /lyɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nio²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nyo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nio²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /lio³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /loʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /lyɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /lyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /liʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /liaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liaʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liɑʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liɑʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /liɛ²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /liɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lio²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nio²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liok̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /liok̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lœk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lœk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lœk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /luoʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /liɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /liak̚⁵/ /lioʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /liɔk̚³/ /lio³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljak
Rime :
| Character | 略 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 離灼切 |
| Baxter | ljak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lüè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 略 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lüè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ak/ |
| English | draw a boundary; outline |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 略 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3892 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 略 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raɡ/ |

### Definitions

略
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to draw boundaries; to outline; to trace out
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) boundary; outline; border
* plan; strategy; summary; outline
* brief; abbreviated
* to omit; to leave out
* slightly; marginally
* approximately; roughly
* to plunder; to pillage
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp; keen (Shi)

### Compounds

* 七略
* 三略 (Sānlüè)
* 中略
* 事略 (shìlüè)
* 伽利略 (jiālìlüè)
* 侵略 (qīnlüè)
* 侵略主義 / 侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
* 儒略曆 / 儒略历 (rúlüèlì)
* 六韜三略 / 六韬三略
* 兵略
* 劫略
* 勇略 (yǒnglüè)
* 卻略 / 却略
* 商略
* 大戰略 / 大战略
* 大略 (dàlüè)
* 奧理略 / 奥理略
* 奧略 / 奥略
* 安大略湖 (Āndàlüè Hú)
* 宏材大略
* 封略
* 將略 / 将略
* 崖略 (yálüè)
* 幹略 / 干略
* 廟略 / 庙略
* 建國方略 / 建国方略
* 志略
* 忽略 (hūlüè)
* 戰略 / 战略 (zhànlüè)
* 戰略思想 / 战略思想
* 戰略物資 / 战略物资
* 戰略計畫 / 战略计画
* 戰略轟炸 / 战略轰炸
* 所見略同 / 所见略同 (suǒjiànlüètóng)
* 才略 (cáilüè)
* 攻城略地 (gōngchénglüèdì)
* 文經武略 / 文经武略
* 文韜武略 / 文韬武略
* 方技略
* 方略 (fānglüè)
* 智略 (zhìlüè)
* 核子戰略 / 核子战略
* 概略 (gàilüè)
* 權略 / 权略 (quánlüè)
* 略估
* 略勝一籌 / 略胜一筹 (lüèshèngyīchóu)
* 略喻
* 略圖 / 略图 (lüètú)
* 略地 (lüèdì)
* 略地侵城
* 略地攻城
* 略影
* 略微 (lüèwēi)
* 略懂
* 略施小技
* 略施小計 / 略施小计
* 略施薄懲 / 略施薄惩
* 略有耳聞 / 略有耳闻
* 略無參商 / 略无参商
* 略略 (lüèlüè)
* 略盡情誼 / 略尽情谊
* 略知一二 (lüèzhīyī'èr)
* 略知皮毛
* 略綽 / 略绰
* 略見一斑 / 略见一斑
* 略語 / 略语 (lüèyǔ)
* 略誘 / 略诱
* 略識之無 / 略识之无
* 略賣 / 略卖
* 略跡原心 / 略迹原心
* 略跡原情 / 略迹原情 (lüèjìyuánqíng)
* 略述
* 略遜一籌 / 略逊一筹 (lüèxùnyīchóu)
* 略陳管見 / 略陈管见
* 略高一籌 / 略高一筹
* 疏謀少略 / 疏谋少略
* 省略 (shěnglüè)
* 省略號 / 省略号 (shěnglüèhào)
* 策略 (cèlüè)
* 節略 / 节略
* 節略版 / 节略版
* 簡略 / 简略 (jiǎnlüè)
* 籌略 / 筹略
* 粗略 (cūlüè)
* 紀略 / 纪略
* 約略 / 约略 (yuēlüè)
* 經略 / 经略
* 缺略
* 脫略 / 脱略
* 膽略 / 胆略 (dǎnlüè)
* 艾儒略
* 艾略特
* 草略 (cǎolüè)
* 蘇必略湖 / 苏必略湖 (Sūbìlüè Hú)
* 虎略龍韜 / 虎略龙韬
* 要略 (yàolüè)
* 規略 / 规略
* 計略 / 计略 (jìlüè)
* 詳略 / 详略
* 諸子略 / 诸子略
* 謀略 / 谋略 (móulüè)
* 豁略大度
* 豹略
* 軍事戰略 / 军事战略
* 軍略 / 军略
* 較略 / 较略
* 輯略 / 辑略
* 過人才略 / 过人才略
* 遠略 / 远略
* 金匱要略 / 金匮要略
* 長算遠略 / 长算远略
* 開國方略 / 开国方略
* 闊略 / 阔略
* 雄才大略 (xióngcáidàlüè)
* 雄材偉略 / 雄材伟略
* 雄略
* 霸王略
* 霸略
* 韜略 / 韬略 (tāolüè)
* 韻略 / 韵略
* 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)
* 額我略曆 / 额我略历
* 龍韜虎略 / 龙韬虎略

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* plan, strategy
* to omit
* to abbreviate
* to invade

#### Readings

* Go-on: らく (raku)
* Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める)、はかる (hakaru, 略る)、はかりごと (hakarigoto, 略)

#### Compounds

* 略(りゃく)字(じ) (ryakuji, “colloquial/ simplified form of kanji”)
* 概(がい)略(りゃく) (gairyaku, “outline”)
* 攻(こう)略(りゃく) (kōryaku, “capture”)
* 忽(こつ)略(りゃく) (kotsuryaku, “neglect”)
* 省(しょう)略(りゃく) (shōryaku, “omission”)
* 侵(しん)略(りゃく) (shinryaku, “invasion”)
* 略(りゃく)称(しょう) (ryakushō, “abbreviation”)
* 略(りゃく)図(ず) (ryakuzu, “brief illustration”)
* 略(りゃく)奪(だつ) (ryakudatsu, “rob”)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 略
* りゃく Grade: 5
* on'yomi
* (Tokyo) りゃく [ryàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) りゃく [ryáꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾʲa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

略(りゃく) • (ryaku)
* omission
    以下(いか)略(りゃく)
       ikaryaku
       as above
* abbreviation; short for
    特(とっ)急(きゅう)は特(とく)別(べつ)急(きゅう)行(こう)の略(りゃく)。
       Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.
       Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

略 (eumhun 간략할 략 (gallyakhal ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 간략할 약 (gallyakhal yak))
* hanja form of 략/약 (“brief, concise”)
略 (eumhun 다스릴 략 (daseuril ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 다스릴 약 (daseuril yak))
* hanja form of 략/약 (“approximately, roughly”)
* hanja form of 략/약 (“outline”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

略: Hán Nôm readings: lược, trước
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.