# plasma
## English
### Etymology

From Late Latin plasma (“mold”), from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something formed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplæzmə/, enPR: plăz'mə
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æzmə

### Noun

plasma (countable and uncountable, plural plasmas or plasmata)
* (physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
** 2020, Don Lincoln, The Large Hadron Collider, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 198:Oxygen and hydrogen nuclei are intermixed with free electrons. The whole mix is electrically neutral. This is actually considered a new stage of matter called a plasma. You can see an example of an electrically produced plasma in a fluorescent light bulb or in a plasma television.
* (hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.
* (mineralogy) A variety of green quartz, used in ancient times for making engraved ornaments.
* (medicine, dated) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.
* (computer graphics, demoscene) A visual effect in which cycles of changing colours are warped in various ways to give the illusion of liquid organic movement.
** 1999, Rage Matrix, “Coding plasma demos....HELP!”, in comp.programming (Usenet):Has anyone here written a plasma demo in C/C++ who would be willing to explain to me exactly how it works?
** 2005, Tamás Polgár, Freax: The Brief History of the Demoscene, volume 1, page 126:However, it displayed some unique copper magic routines and plasma effects.
** Jonathan Weinel, Explosions in the Mind (page 139)
    This creates the classic 'plasma' effect seen in many demoscene videos.

#### Derived terms

* antiplasma
* bioplasma
* blood plasma
* burning nuclear plasma
* burning plasma
* convalescent plasma
* dusty plasma
* glasma
* haemoplasma
* hemoplasma
* human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity
* hydroplasma
* hyperplasma
* laser-plasma accelerator
* lymphoplasma
* magnetoplasma
* microplasma
* mycoplasma
* nanoplasma
* nuclear plasma
* ovoplasma
* phytoplasma
* plasma acceleration
* plasma accelerator
* plasmablast
* plasma cell
* plasmacyte
* plasma display
* plasmadynamics
* plasma gem
* plasma gemstone
* plasmagenic
* plasma globe
* plasma lamp
* plasmalemma
* plasmaless
* plasmalike
* plasma membrane
* plasmapause
* plasmapheresis
* plasmaphysics
* plasma rifle
* plasma screen
* plasmasonic
* plasmasphere
* plasma therapy
* plasmatron
* plasma wakefield acceleration
* plasma wakefield accelerator
* plasmid
* plasmin
* plasmogamy
* plasmogen
* plasmogenous
* plasmoid
* plasmon
* preplasma
* quark-gluon plasma
* subplasma
* superplasma

#### Related terms

* plasmic

#### Translations
### Verb

plasma (third-person singular simple present plasmas, present participle plasmaing, simple past and past participle plasmaed)
* (science fiction, transitive) To transform something into plasma.
    Synonym: plasmify

### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Plasma”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “plasma”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.

### Anagrams

* Malpas, Palmas, lampas, palmas

## Catalan
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈplaz.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈplaz.ma]

#### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmes)
* plasma

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

plasma
* inflection of plasmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈplasma]
* Hyphenation: plas‧ma

### Noun

plasma n
* Alternative form of plazma

#### Declension
### Noun

plasma f
* Alternative form of plazma

#### Declension
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma). Influenced by German Plasma (“blood plasma, cytoplasm”) and English plasma (“ionised gas”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplɑs.maː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: plas‧ma

### Noun

plasma n (plural plasma's)
* (physics) plasma, dense ionised gas
* (biology, medicine) blood plasma
    Synonym: bloedplasma
* (biology) cytoplasm
    Synonyms: celplasma, cytoplasma
* (mineralogy) plasma, dark green type of quartz

#### Derived terms

* bloedplasma
* celplasma

#### Related terms

* cytoplasma
* plasmatisch
* plasma-tv

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: plasma

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English plasma), ultimately from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplɑsmɑ/, [ˈplɑ̝s̠mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑsmɑ
* Hyphenation: plas‧ma

### Noun

plasma
* (biology, physics, hematology) plasma

#### Declension

Possessive forms of plasma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
plasmani
plasmani
accusative
nom.
plasmani
plasmani
gen.
plasmani
genitive
plasmani
plasmojeni plasmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
plasmaani
plasmojani
inessive
plasmassani
plasmoissani
elative
plasmastani
plasmoistani
illative
plasmaani
plasmoihini
adessive
plasmallani
plasmoillani
ablative
plasmaltani
plasmoiltani
allative
plasmalleni
plasmoilleni
essive
plasmanani
plasmoinani
translative
plasmakseni
plasmoikseni
abessive
plasmattani
plasmoittani
instructive
comitative
—plasmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
plasmasi
plasmasi
accusative
nom.
plasmasi
plasmasi
gen.
plasmasi
genitive
plasmasi
plasmojesi plasmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
plasmaasi
plasmojasi
inessive
plasmassasi
plasmoissasi
elative
plasmastasi
plasmoistasi
illative
plasmaasi
plasmoihisi
adessive
plasmallasi
plasmoillasi
ablative
plasmaltasi
plasmoiltasi
allative
plasmallesi
plasmoillesi
essive
plasmanasi
plasmoinasi
translative
plasmaksesi
plasmoiksesi
abessive
plasmattasi
plasmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—plasmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
plasmamme
plasmamme
accusative
nom.
plasmamme
plasmamme
gen.
plasmamme
genitive
plasmamme
plasmojemme plasmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
plasmaamme
plasmojamme
inessive
plasmassamme
plasmoissamme
elative
plasmastamme
plasmoistamme
illative
plasmaamme
plasmoihimme
adessive
plasmallamme
plasmoillamme
ablative
plasmaltamme
plasmoiltamme
allative
plasmallemme
plasmoillemme
essive
plasmanamme
plasmoinamme
translative
plasmaksemme
plasmoiksemme
abessive
plasmattamme
plasmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—plasmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
plasmanne
plasmanne
accusative
nom.
plasmanne
plasmanne
gen.
plasmanne
genitive
plasmanne
plasmojenne plasmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
plasmaanne
plasmojanne
inessive
plasmassanne
plasmoissanne
elative
plasmastanne
plasmoistanne
illative
plasmaanne
plasmoihinne
adessive
plasmallanne
plasmoillanne
ablative
plasmaltanne
plasmoiltanne
allative
plasmallenne
plasmoillenne
essive
plasmananne
plasmoinanne
translative
plasmaksenne
plasmoiksenne
abessive
plasmattanne
plasmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—plasmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
plasmansa
plasmansa
accusative
nom.
plasmansa
plasmansa
gen.
plasmansa
genitive
plasmansa
plasmojensa plasmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
plasmaansa
plasmojaan plasmojansa
inessive
plasmassaan plasmassansa
plasmoissaan plasmoissansa
elative
plasmastaan plasmastansa
plasmoistaan plasmoistansa
illative
plasmaansa
plasmoihinsa
adessive
plasmallaan plasmallansa
plasmoillaan plasmoillansa
ablative
plasmaltaan plasmaltansa
plasmoiltaan plasmoiltansa
allative
plasmalleen plasmallensa
plasmoilleen plasmoillensa
essive
plasmanaan plasmanansa
plasmoinaan plasmoinansa
translative
plasmakseen plasmaksensa
plasmoikseen plasmoiksensa
abessive
plasmattaan plasmattansa
plasmoittaan plasmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—plasmoineen plasmoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* ektoplasma
* endoplasma
* ituplasma
* plasmafysiikka
* plasmaleikkaus
* plasmankorvike
* plasmanäyttö
* plasmapallo
* plasmapyrstö
* plasmasolu
* plasmasuihkuhitsaus
* plasmatekniikka
* veriplasma

### Further reading

* “plasma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plas.ma/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmas)
* plasma (all senses)

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: plazma

### Further reading

* “plasma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Icelandic
### Noun

plasma n (genitive singular plasma, no plural)
* (physics) plasma

#### Declension
### See also

* blóðvökvi (“blood plasma”)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch plasma, from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈplas.ma]
* Rhymes: -ma, -a
* Hyphenation: plas‧ma

### Noun

plasma (uncountable)
* plasma:
** (physics) a state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
** (medicine, hematology) blood plasma, free of suspended cells, used in transfusions.
* (agriculture) farmers (planters) who are part of the agricultural business system (plantation) who are in charge of carrying out the production process and supplying their products to the factory (which acts as the nucleus), while the production costs and facilities are provided by the factory.

#### Derived terms

* plasma darah
* plasma inti rakyat
* plasma lembaga
* plasma nutfah
* plasma protein

### Further reading

* “plasma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Noun

plasma m (genitive singular plasma, nominative plural plasmaí)
* (physics, hematology) plasma

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
plasma
plasmaí
vocative
a phlasma
a phlasmaí
genitive
plasma
plasmaí
dative
plasma
plasmaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an plasma
na plasmaí
genitive
an phlasma
na bplasmaí
dative
leis an bplasma don phlasma
leis na plasmaí :

#### Derived terms

* plasma fola, fuilphlasma
* taispeáint phlasma

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpla.zma/
* Rhymes: -azma
* Hyphenation: plà‧sma

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmi)
* (physics, biology) plasma

##### Related terms

* plasma sanguigno
* plasmatico
* schermo al plasma

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

plasma
* inflection of plasmare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* spalma

## Latin
### Verb

plasmā
* second-person singular present active imperative of plasmō

### References

* “plasma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "plasma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

### Noun

plasma n (definite singular plasmaet, indefinite plural plasma or plasmaer, definite plural plasmaene)
* (physics, biology) plasma

### References

* “plasma” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

### Noun

plasma n (definite singular plasmaet, indefinite plural plasma, definite plural plasmaa)
* (physics, biology) plasma

### References

* “plasma” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈplaz.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈplaz.mɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈplaʒ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈplaz.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈplaʒ.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: plas‧ma

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmas)
* (biology) plasma
* (physics) plasma
* plasma TV

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

plasma
* inflection of plasmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplasma/ [ˈplaz.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -asma
* Syllabification: plas‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Plasma.

#### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmas)
* (physics, biology) plasma

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

plasma
* inflection of plasmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “plasma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English plasma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplasma/

### Noun

plasma m (plural plasmâu)
* (physics, biology) plasma

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Trawsnewidiadau gwedd mater (layout · text) :
| io | solid | hylif | nwy | plasma |
| solid | | toddiad | sychdarthiad | |
| hylif | rhewiad | | anweddiad, tarthiad | |
| nwy | dyddodiad | cyddwysiad | | ïoneiddiad |
| plasma | | | ailgyfuniad | |

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “plasma”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies