# 諸行無常
## Chinese

| | | all; many; various | to go; to do; capableto go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional | changeable; variable; sporadicchangeable; variable; sporadic; irregular; inconsistent |
| trad. (諸行無常) | trad. (諸行無常) | 諸 | 行 | 無常 |
| simp. (诸行无常) | simp. (诸行无常) | 诸 | 行 | 无常 |

### Etymology

From 大般涅槃經 (Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta):
    From: Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta
    Zhū xíng wúcháng, shì shēngmiè fǎ. [Pinyin]
    Everything is impermanent. This is the law of birth and death.
A phrase consisting of 諸 / 诸 (zhū, “all, every”) + 行 (“deed, accomplishment”) + 無常 / 无常 (wúcháng, “impermanent”), in turn a translation (directly or via Pali) of Sanskrit सर्व संस्कारा अनित्याः (sarva saṃskārā anityāḥ, literally “all deeds are impermanent”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhūxíngwúcháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨˊ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu$^1$ hang$^4$ mou$^4$ soeng$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhūxíngwúcháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨˊ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhusíngwúcháng
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^1$-hsing$^2$-wu$^2$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: jū-syíng-wú-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jushyngwucharng
*** Palladius: чжусинъучан (čžusinʺučan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^1$ hang$^4$ mou$^4$ soeng$^4$
*** Yale: jyū hàhng mòuh sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^1$ hang$^4$ mou$^4$ soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^1$ heng$^4$ mou$^4$ sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ sœːŋ²¹/

### Idiom

諸行無常
* (Buddhism) worldly things are impermanent

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 諸 | 行 | 無 | 常 |
| しょ Grade: 6 | ぎょう Grade: 2 | む Grade: 4 | じょう Grade: 5 |
| goon ||||
* Alternative spelling
* 諸行無常 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Buddhist expression borrowed from Chinese 諸行無常 / 诸行无常 (zhūxíngwúcháng), in turn a translation (directly or via Pali) of Sanskrit सर्व संस्कारा अनित्याः (sarva saṃskārā anityāḥ, literally “all deeds are impermanent”).
As Japanese, also analyzable as a compound of 諸行 (shogyō, “all things”) +‎ 無常 (mujō, “impermanent, transient”).
The two constituent Japanese terms are citable to the early 600s, while the first citations of the full four-character phrase in Chinese are from around the mid-600s. However, the full four-character phrase in Japanese usage is first cited much later in the 観智院本三宝絵 (Kanchi-in-bon Sanbō-E), a collection of Buddhist writings from 984.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょぎょーむじょー [shóꜜgyòòmùjóó] (Atamadaka + Heiban – [1]-[0])
* (Tokyo) しょぎょーむじょー [shògyóómújóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) しょぎょーむじょー [shògyóómúꜜjòò] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) しょぎょーむじょー [shóꜜgyòòmùjòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ɡʲo̞ːmɯ̟ʑo̞ː]

### Noun

諸(しょ)行(ぎょう)無(む)常(じょう) • (shogyō mujō)
* [from 984] (Buddhism) the impermanence of worldly things

### Phrase

諸(しょ)行(ぎょう)無(む)常(じょう) • (shogyō mujō)
* [from 984] (Buddhism) all worldly things are transitory
** (Can we date this quote?), “Chapter 1.1”, in Helen Craig McCullough, transl., 平家物語 [The Tale of the Heike]:
    祇(ぎ)園(おん)精(しょう)舎(しゃ)の鐘(かね)の声(こえ)、諸(しょ)行(ぎょう)無(む)常(じょう)の響(ひび)き有(あ)り。沙(さ)羅(ら)双(そう)樹(じゅ)の花(はな)の色(いろ)、盛(じょう)者(しゃ)必(ひっ)衰(すい)の理(ことわり)を顕(あらわ)す。驕(おご)れる者(もの)も久(ひさ)しからず、唯(ただ)春(はる)の夜(よる)の夢(ゆめ)の如(ごと)し。猛(たけ)き者(もの)も遂(つい)には滅(ほろ)びぬ、偏(ひとえ)に風(かぜ)の前(まえ)の塵(ちり)に同(おな)じ。
       Gionshōsha no kane no koe, shogyō mujō no hibiki ari. Sarasōju no hana no iro, jōshahissui no kotowari o arawasu. Ogoreru mono mo hisashikarazu, tada haru no yoru no yume no gotoshi. Takeki mono mo tsui ni wa horobinu, hitoeni kaze no mae no chiri ni onaji.
       The sound of the Gion Shōja bells echoes the impermanence of all things; the color of the sāla flowers reveals the truth that the prosperous must decline. The proud do not endure, they are like a dream on a spring night; the mighty fall at last, they are as dust before the wind.

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “諸行無常”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “諸行無常”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 諸 | 行 | 無 | 常 |

### Noun

諸行無常 • (jehaengmusang) (hangeul 제행무상)
* hanja form of 제행무상 (“the impermanence of worldly things”)