# rota
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹəʊtə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɹoʊtə/, [-ɾə]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊtə
* Homophones: rotor (non-rhotic); Rhoda (flapping)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin rota (“wheel”). Doublet of rotor and ruote.

#### Noun

rota (plural rotas)
* (UK, Ireland) A schedule that allocates some task, responsibility or (rarely) privilege between a set of people according to a (possibly periodic) calendar.
** 2014 July 25, Paul Rees, “‘We got off the coach and the National Front was there … People spat at us’”, in The Guardian‎:[The manager] instituted a rota for having the players attend supporters’ club meetings throughout the season, telling them it was part of the job of being a footballer.

##### Related terms

* rotate

##### See also

* roster

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Alternative forms

* rocta
* rotta

#### Noun

rota (plural rotas)
* (music) A kind of zither used in the Middle Ages in church music.
** 2011, A. A. Attanasio, The Wolf and the Crown (The Perilous Order of Camelot):Along the creek bed he came, plucking a rota, a zither of five strings with bone-yoke facings and a beaverskin carrying-bag thrown over his shoulder.

### References

* “rota”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### See also

* rota Fortunae

### Anagrams

* -ator, Rato, rato, aort-, oart, taro, Orta, RATO, Taro, Roat

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈro.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈro.ta]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

rota
* inflection of rotar (“to belch”):
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rota
* inflection of rotar (“to rotate, to turn”):
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

From Latin rupta [via].

### Noun

rota f (plural rotes) (ORB, broad)
* route, path
    Synonym: chemin

### References

* route in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* rota in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rŭmpĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 569

## French
### Verb

rota
* third-person singular past historic of roter

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔːta/
* Rhymes: -ɔːta

### Etymology 1

From rot (“unconsciousness”).

#### Verb

rota (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rotaði, supine rotað)
* to knock out (render unconscious)

##### Related terms

* rot

### Etymology 2

See rotna.

#### Noun

rota f (genitive singular rotu, nominative plural rotur)
* rotten spot

##### Related terms

* rot
* rotna
* rotinn

## Interlingua
### Noun

rota (plural rotas)
* wheel

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔ.ta/
* Rhymes: -ɔta
* Hyphenation: rò‧ta

### Etymology 1

From Latin rota.

#### Noun

rota f (plural rote)
* (archaic) Alternative form of ruota

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rota
* inflection of rotare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Taro, Torà, arto, atro, rato, taro, tarò, torà

## Kikuyu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾɔːta/

### Verb

rota (infinitive kũrota)
* to dream

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* kĩroto class 7

### References

* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *rotā, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂-eh₂, from *Hreth₂- (“to run, roll”). The exact derivational pathway from this root is disputed:
* De Vaan and Nussbaum derive Latin rota from a simple nominalization of the feminine singular of the agentive adjective *Hroth₂ós.
* Stifter, also starting off from an agentive adnominal *Hroth₂ós, supposes that Latin rota instead derives from the neuter collective/plural.
* Höfler and Yates, by contrast, take Latin rota as an *(o)-éh₂ formation *(H)rotéh₂, and posit Sanskrit रथ (ratha) as from *(H)rot-h₂-ós, a possessive derivative of the feminine word.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈro.ta/, [ˈrɔt̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈro.ta/, [ˈrɔːt̪ä]

### Noun

rota f (genitive rotae); first declension
* wheel
** 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.107–108:aureus axis erat, temo aureus, aurea summae curvatura rotae, radiorum argenteus ordothe axle was of gold, the pole of gold, all of gold the rim of the wheels, with a set of silver spokes.
* (pars pro toto) a car, a chariot
    Si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam.If you don't have a car, you'd better make your way on foot.
* (figuratively) the disc of the sun
** c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5:Hic neque tum solis rota cerni lumine largo altivolans poterat […] Nor can the sun's disc larger be by much, nor its own blaze much less […]

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Hyponyms

* rota aquāria (“water-wheel”)

#### Derived terms

* rotābilis
* rotālis
* rotātim
* rotātiō
* rotātor
* rotātus
* rotella
* rotō
* rotula
* rotundus

#### Related terms

* birotus
* petorritum

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: roatã, aroatã
** Romanian: roată ⇒ rotilă
** → Albanian: rrotë
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: ruota, rota
** Neapolitan: rota
** Sicilian: rota
** Istriot: rùda
*** → Maltese: rota
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: ròda, röda
** Ligurian: rêua
** Lombard: reuda, ròda
** Piedmontese: roa, reua
** Venetan: roda, rua
* Rhæto-Romance:
** Friulian: ruede
** Romansch: roda, rouda
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: roua
** French: roue
** Franc-Comtois: rûe
** Walloon: rowe
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: roda
** Occitan: ròda, arròda
*** → Basque: arroda
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: rueda
** Galician: roda
** Mirandese: ruoda
** Portuguese: roda
** Spanish: rueda
*** → Moroccan Arabic: رويضة (rwīḍa)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: roda, arroda, rota, orroda
* Borrowings:
** → Basque: errota
** → English: rota

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rota”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 527
* ↑ Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feure, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Adjectifs verbaux et participes dans les langues indoeuropéennes. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, pages 232–266
* ↑ David Stifter (2008 July) “Old Prussian kelleweſze ‘Driver of a Cart’”, in Historische Sprachforschungen‎, volume 121, number 1, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 281-82 fn. 3
* ↑ Höfler, Stefan (2020 September 28) “Substantivization of adjectives”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 8, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 181–204
* ↑ Yates, Anthony D. (2019) “Suffixal* o-vocalism without “amphikinesis:” On Proto-Indo-European*–oi-stems and ablaut as a diagnostic for word stress”, in David M. Goldstein, Stephanie W. Jamison, and Brent Vine, editors, Proceedings of the 30th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference

### Further reading

* “rota”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* rota in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Latvian
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

rota f (4th declension)
* ornament
* decoration
* adornment
* flower
* jewel

#### Related terms

* rotāt

### Noun

rota f (4th declension)
* (military) company

#### Declension
## Lower Sorbian
### Noun

rota pl
* Nonstandard spelling of wrota.

#### Declension
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian rota, from Latin rota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔːta/

### Noun

rota f (plural roti)
* wheel
* bicycle
    Synonyms: (less common) bajsikil, (rare) biċikletta

### See also

* raddiena

## Neapolitan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rota.

### Pronunciation

* (Naples) IPA: [ˈrɔːtə]
* (Castelmezzano) IPA: [ˈroːtă]

### Noun

rota f (plural rote)
* wheel

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1227: “la ruota” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* Giacco, Giuseppe (2003) “ròta”, in Schedario Napoletano

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* roten

#### Noun

rota f sg
* definite feminine singular of rot

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* rotet

#### Verb

rota
* past tense of rote
* past participle of rote

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruːtɑ/

#### Noun

rota f
* definite singular of rot

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ruːtɑ/

#### Verb

rota (present tense rotar, past tense rota, past participle rota, passive infinitive rotast, present participle rotande, imperative rota/rot)
* alternative form of rote

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔ.ta/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔta
* Syllabification: ro‧ta
* Homophone: Rota

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rota.

#### Noun

rota f
* oath, swear, vow (form of solemn pledge (e.g., military))

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Czech rota.

#### Noun

rota f
* rote (kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Middle High German rotte.

#### Noun

rota f
* (historical, military) rota (infantry or cavalry unit in Poland in the 16th–17th c.)
* (historical, military) rota (row of soldiers in formation in Poland in the 18th c.)

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from German Rotte.

#### Noun

rota f
* (firefighting) group of rescuers or firefighters consisting of two people

### Etymology 5

Learned borrowing from Latin rota.

#### Noun

rota f
* (law, Roman Catholicism) tribunal of appeal functioning under the Roman Curia
* (historical) type of torture during which the convict was entwined in a wheel
* (historical) wheel used in this type of torture

##### Declension
### Further reading

* rota in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rota in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French rote (modern French route).

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɔtɐ
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* route (course or way travelled)
    Synonyms: percurso, caminho, curso, rumo, derrota

##### Derived terms

* rotear

### Etymology 2

From Latin rupta, ruptus.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* combat (a fight or battle)
    Synonyms: luta, combate
* (military) defeat
    Synonyms: derrota, perda

### Etymology 3

From Old French rote, from Germanic.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* (music) rota (mediaeval string instrument)

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Italian rota.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* (Roman Catholicism) rota (ecclesiastical court of appeal)

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Malay rotan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)
    Synonyms: rotim, ratã

### Etymology 6

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁo.tɐ/ [ˈho.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁo.tɐ/ [ˈho.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁo.tɐ/ [ˈχo.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁo.ta/ [ˈho.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁo.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Adjective

rota
* feminine singular of roto

### Etymology 7

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Verb

rota
* inflection of rotar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 8

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈhɔ.tɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/ [ˈχɔ.tɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ta/ [ˈhɔ.ta]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: ro‧ta

#### Verb

rota
* (Brazilian Portuguese spelling) short feminine singular past participle of romper

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 “rota”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* 1 2 3 4 5 “rota”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romani
### Noun

rota f (plural roti)
* Alternative form of rròta (“wheel”)

## Romanian
### Verb

a rota (third-person singular present rotează, past participle rotat) 1st conjugation
* Alternative form of roti

#### Conjugation
## Rwanda-Rundi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dóota.

### Verb

-rota$^?$ (infinitive kurota, perfective -rose)
* dream

#### Derived terms

* inzozi

## Shona
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dóota.

### Verb

-rótá (infinitive kurótá)
* dream

#### Derived terms

* chiroto

## Sicilian
### Etymology

From Latin rota.

### Noun

rota
* wheel

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrota/ [ˈro.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ota
* Syllabification: ro‧ta

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

rota f (plural rotas)
* female equivalent of roto

#### Adjective

rota
* feminine singular of roto

#### Participle

rota f sg
* feminine singular of roto

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rota
* inflection of rotar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Swedish
### Etymology

rot +‎ -a

### Verb

rota (present rotar, preterite rotade, supine rotat, imperative rota)
* to rummage, to root (search for something in a messy manner)
* (computing) to root (gain privileged access on a device)
* (reflexive) to put down roots
* (reflexive, figuratively) to become settled

#### Usage notes

Often with a particle like runt (“around”), igenom (“through”), or fram (“forth”) (used like "out," for when something is found).

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### See also

* böka (“to root, to dig”)

### References

* rota in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* rota in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* rota in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روطه (rota), from Italian rotta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾɔ.ta/

### Noun

rota (definite accusative rotayı, plural rotalar)
* route, course, heading
    Synonym: güzergâh

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
rota
rotalar
definite accusative
rotayı
rotaları
dative
rotaya
rotalara
locative
rotada
rotalarda
ablative
rotadan
rotalardan
genitive
rotanın
rotaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
rotam
rotalarım
2nd singular
rotan
rotaların
3rd singular
rotası
rotaları
1st plural
rotamız
rotalarımız
2nd plural
rotanız
rotalarınız
3rd plural
rotaları
rotaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
rotamı
rotalarımı
2nd singular
rotanı
rotalarını
3rd singular
rotasını
rotalarını
1st plural
rotamızı
rotalarımızı
2nd plural
rotanızı
rotalarınızı
3rd plural
rotalarını
rotalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
rotama
rotalarıma
2nd singular
rotana
rotalarına
3rd singular
rotasına
rotalarına
1st plural
rotamıza
rotalarımıza
2nd plural
rotanıza
rotalarınıza
3rd plural
rotalarına
rotalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
rotamda
rotalarımda
2nd singular
rotanda
rotalarında
3rd singular
rotasında
rotalarında
1st plural
rotamızda
rotalarımızda
2nd plural
rotanızda
rotalarınızda
3rd plural
rotalarında
rotalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
rotamdan
rotalarımdan
2nd singular
rotandan
rotalarından
3rd singular
rotasından
rotalarından
1st plural
rotamızdan
rotalarımızdan
2nd plural
rotanızdan
rotalarınızdan
3rd plural
rotalarından
rotalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
rotamın
rotalarımın
2nd singular
rotanın
rotalarının
3rd singular
rotasının
rotalarının
1st plural
rotamızın
rotalarımızın
2nd plural
rotanızın
rotalarınızın
3rd plural
rotalarının
rotalarının :