# 趁

| 趁 | U+8D81, &#36225; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D81 |
| ← 趀 [U+8D80] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 趂 → [U+8D82] |

## Translingual
### Han character

趁 (Kangxi radical 156, 走+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土人人竹竹 (GOOHH), four-corner 4880$_2$, composition ⿺走㐱)

#### Derived characters

* 𦼛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1216, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37083
* Dae Jaweon: page 1685, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3482, character 13
* Unihan data for U+8D81

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 沴 | *rɯːls |
| 趁 | *nlanʔ, *l̥ʰɯns, *l'ɯn |
| 紾 | *ʔl'anʔ, *kljɯnʔ |
| 跈 | *nlɯːnʔ, *l'ɯːnʔ |
| 殄 | *l'ɯːnʔ |
| 抮 | *hlɯːnʔ |
| 駗 | *rɯn, *kljɯnʔ |
| 珍 | *ʔl'ɯn |
| 診 | *l'ɯns, *kljɯnʔ |
| 畛 | *kljɯn, *kljɯnʔ |
| 疹 | *kljɯnʔ |
| 軫 | *kljɯnʔ |
| 胗 | *kljɯnʔ, *klɯnʔ |
| 袗 | *kljɯnʔ, *kljɯns |
| 眕 | *kljɯnʔ |
| 飻 | *l̥ʰɯːd |
| 餮 | *r̥ʰɯːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nlanʔ, *l̥ʰɯns, *l'ɯn): semantic 走 (“to run”) + phonetic 㐱.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chèn (chen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): can$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): te̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): tíng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng$^4$ / cing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thàn / thìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^3$ / ziang$^2$ / ziêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chèn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^4$
*** Yale: chèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenn
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^3$
*** Yale: chan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn³³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: te̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰeiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tíng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛiŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: teng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛŋ⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ²¹/
* teng4 - vernacular;
* cing5 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: drin, nrjenX, trhinH
Rime :
| Character | 趁 | 趁 | 趁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 娘 (12) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) | 仙 (79) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直珍切 | 尼展切 | 丑刃切 |
| Baxter | drin | nrjenX | trhinH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiɪn/ | /ɳˠiᴇn$^X$/ | /ʈʰˠiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚin/ | /ɳᵚiɛn$^X$/ | /ʈʰᵚin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡien/ | /niæn$^X$/ | /ȶʰien$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjin/ | /ɳian$^X$/ | /ʈʰjin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjĕn/ | /njɛn$^X$/ | /ȶʰjĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡǐĕn/ | /nĭɛn$^X$/ | /ȶʰǐĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ĕn/ | /ni̯ɛn$^X$/ | /ȶʰi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén | niǎn | chèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^4$ | nin$^5$ | can$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*nlanʔ/, /*l̥ʰɯns/, /*l'ɯn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 趁 | 趁 | 趁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 17084 | 17092 | 17093 |
| Phonetic component | 疹 | 疹 | 疹 |
| Rime group | 元 | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 趁 | 疢 | 陳 |
| Old Chinese | /*nlanʔ/ | /*l̥ʰɯns/ | /*l'ɯn/ |
| Notes | 莊子作跈 | | 集韻義同說文 |

### Definitions

趁
* (literary or Min) to chase; to pursue
* (literary or Min) to follow; to accompany
* to take advantage of (time, opportunity, etc); to avail oneself of
       can$^3$ gei$^1$ wui$^6$ tau$^1$ je$^5$ sik$^6$ [Jyutping]
       filch food while the opportunity is there
* (Min) to earn (money)
    趁大錢／趁大钱 [Hokkien] ― thàn tōa-chîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to earn a lot of money
* (Mandarin, colloquial) to have a lot of
    趁錢／趁钱 ― chènqián ― wealthy
* used to indicate a present situation: while circumstances are optimal
    趁熱打鐵／趁热打铁 ― chèn rè dǎ tiě ― to strike while the iron is hot
       Chèn tiānqì hǎo, kuài chūqù wánr ba. [Pinyin]
       While the weather's good, go outside and play.
* (Eastern Min) from; since
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to imitate (someone)
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to shoo away; to drive away (poultry or livestock)

### Compounds

* 尋趁 / 寻趁
* 廝趁 / 厮趁
* 忙投急趁
* 打趁
* 打鐵趁熱 / 打铁趁热 (dǎtiěchènrè)
* 朝趁暮食
* 相趁
* 睃趁
* 短趁
* 趁亮兒 / 趁亮儿
* 趁人不備 / 趁人不备
* 趁人之危
* 趁便 (chènbiàn)
* 趁勢 / 趁势 (chènshì)
* 趁勢落篷 / 趁势落篷
* 趁口
* 趁哄
* 趁哄打劫
* 趁墟 (chènxū)
* 趁工
* 趁常
* 趁心 (chènxīn)
* 趁心如意
* 趁手 (chènshǒu)
* 趁早 (chènzǎo)
* 趁樣 / 趁样
* 趁機 / 趁机 (chènjī)
* 趁波逐浪
* 趁流水
* 趁浪逐波
* 趁火打劫 (chènhuǒdǎjié)
* 趁火搶劫 / 趁火抢劫
* 趁熱 / 趁热
* 趁熟
* 趁熱灶 / 趁热灶
* 趁熱灶火 / 趁热灶火
* 趁空
* 趁緊 / 趁紧
* 趁腳兒蹻 / 趁脚儿跷
* 趁船
* 趁虛而入 / 趁虚而入 (chènxū'érrù)
* 趁討 / 趁讨
* 趁貨兒 / 趁货儿
* 趁逐
* 趁錢 / 趁钱 (chènqián)
* 趁韻 / 趁韵
* 趁頭 / 趁头
* 趁頭市 / 趁头市
* 趁願 / 趁愿
* 趁風勢 / 趁风势
* 趁風揚帆 / 趁风扬帆
* 趁食 (thàn-chia̍h)
* 趁食人
* 趁食查某
* 趁食間 / 趁食间
* 趁黑
* 趕趁 / 赶趁
* 趕趁人 / 赶趁人
* 隨趁 / 随趁
* 雜趁 / 杂趁

### References

* “趁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “趁”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちん (chin)
* Kan-on: ちん (chin)
* Kun: おう (ou, 趁う)

## Korean
### Hanja

趁 • (jin, nyeon) (hangeul 진, 년, revised jin, nyeon, McCune–Reischauer chin, nyŏn, Yale cin, nyen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

趁: Hán Việt readings: sấn
趁: Nôm readings: sấn, sán, sắn, sớn, thấn, xớn
* chữ Hán form of sấn (“chase, "while it is still/right..."”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).