# घृत
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ঘৃত (Assamese script)
* ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
* ঘৃত (Bengali script)
* 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
* ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
* ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
* ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
* ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
* 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
* ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
* ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
* ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
* ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
* ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
* ଘୃତ (Odia script)
* ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
* 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
* ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
* க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
* ఘృత (Telugu script)
* ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
* གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡʱr̩.tɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɡʱr̩.t̪ɐ/

### Etymology 1

From घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) +‎ -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).

#### Adjective

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem
* sprinkled

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### Etymology 2

From घृ (ghṛ, “to shine, burn”) +‎ -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).

#### Adjective

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem
* illumined

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### Etymology 3

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”). However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).

#### Noun

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem, n
* ghee
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.86.6:ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः। ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ. tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam.The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.
* fat

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

##### Related terms

* सर्पिस् (sarpís)

##### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Dameli: giŕu
** Kashmiri: گیێو (gyev)
** Phalura: گھیڑ (ghīṛ)
** Savi: giṛ
** Shina: گِ (gi), گِیہ (gīh), گھِی (ghī)
** Shumashti: gə̄t
** Torwali: گھِیت (ghīt)
** Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gíu
* Pali: ghata
* Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia), 𑀖𑀬 (ghaya)
** Central:
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: घिउ (ghiu)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)
**** Braj: घी (ghī)
**** Domaaki: گری (giryu)
**** Hindustani:
    Hindi: घी (ghī)
****   * → English: ghee
    Urdu: گھی (ghī)
**** Romani: gir, giri, gres, khil
***** Lomavren: Քըլ (Kʻəl)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia)
**** Assamese: ঘিঁউ (ghĩu)
**** Bengali: ঘি (ghi)
**** Bihari: घ्यू (ghyū)
***** Bhojpuri: ghīv
    Kaithi script: 𑂐𑂲𑂫
    Devanagari script: घीव
***** Maithili: घी (ghī)
*** Rohingya: gíi
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Garhwali: घिउ (ghiu)
***** Kumaoni: घ्यूँ (ghyū̃)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: घिउ (ghiu)
**** Western Pahari:
***** Bhadrawahi: घी (ghī), घिउ (ghiu)
** Northwestern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Lahnda: گھیو (gheo)
***** Punjabi: ਘਿਉ (ghiu), ਘੇ (ghe), ਘੇਵ (ghev), ਘੇਉ (gheu), ਘੇਓ (gheo)
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: gihu
    Arabic script: گِهُ
    Devanagari script: गिहु
****** Kachchi: ઘી (ghī)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** ⇒ Dhivehi: ގިތެއު (giteu)
**** Sinhalese: ගිය (giya)
***** ⇒ Sinhalese: ගිතෙල් (gitel)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: ghī
    Devanagari script: घी
    Kannada script: ಘೀ
    Latin script: ghi
**** Marathi: घी (ghī)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)
**** Gujarati: ઘી (ghī)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 212-3

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243