OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# け

| け | U+3051, &#12369; HIRAGANA LETTER KE |
| ← ぐ [U+3050] | Hiragana | げ → [U+3052] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ke̞]

### Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 計 in the cursive sōsho style.

#### Syllable

け • (ke)
* The hiragana syllable け (ke). Its equivalent in katakana is ケ (ke). It is the ninth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is か行え段 (ka-gyō e-dan, “row ka, section e”).

##### Derived terms

* げ (ge)

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of け – see the following entry. :
| 【毛】2 | [noun] [from c. 759] hair, fur |
(This term, け (ke), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as け, see Category:Japanese kanji read as け.) :

### Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of け – see the following entries. :
| 【気】1 | [noun] a sign [noun] This term needs a translation to English. [prefix] This term needs a translation to English. [suffix] This term needs a translation to English. |
| 【家】2 | [suffix] representing relationship to a family |
| 【卦】H | [noun] divination symbol or sign |
(This term, け (ke), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as け, see Category:Japanese kanji read as け.) :
(The following entries are uncreated: 化, 仮, 華, 袈.)

### Etymology 4

/kai/ → /keː/ → /ke/
From earlier けえ (kē), in turn a sound shift from かい (kai).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ke̞]

#### Particle

け • (ke)
* (informal, intimate, sometimes considered dialectal) (question particle)

### Etymology 5

/koi/ → /keː/ → /ke/

#### Verb

け • (ke)
* (Kagoshima, dialect) come! (imperative form, equivalent to mainland 来(こ)い (koi))
** 1984 February 15, Motoka Murakami, “またいつか、勝(しょう)負(ぶ)の日(ひ)までの巻(まき) [One Day, We’ll Face off Again]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 77:よかか…オイのなは日(ひ)高(だか)剣(けん)介(すけ)…くやしかったら鹿児島(カゴッマ)セェけ(こい)‼いっでん(いつでも)勝(しょう)負(ぶ)してやっで‼Yoka ka… Oi no na wa Hidaka Kensuke… Kuyashikattara Kagomma sē ke‼ Idden shōbu shite yadde‼Awrite… Mah name’s Hidaka Kensuke… Come to Kagoshima when yer ready‼ Ah’ll be waitin’ to settle witcha again‼

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# る

| る | U+308B, &#12427; HIRAGANA LETTER RU |
| ← り [U+308A] | Hiragana | れ → [U+308C] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 留 in the cursive sōsho style.

#### Syllable

る • (ru)
* The hiragana syllable る (ru). Its equivalent in katakana is ル (ru). It is the forty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ら行う段 (ra-gyō u-dan, “row ra, section u”).

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

る • (-ru) godan (stem り (-ri), past った (-tta))
* (slang) A general method to form verbs (as a godan katsuyō verb). Much less productive than 〜する (-suru, “to do”).
    サボる
       saboru
       to skip, to play hooky; to slack off, to shirk one's duties
    ググる
       guguru
       to Google

### Etymology 3

Contraction of いる (iru).

#### Verb

る • (ru)
* (informal, used after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb as てる (-teru)) the present progressive: to be doing
    待(ま)ってる
       matteru
       to be waiting

### Etymology 4

See れる.

#### Suffix

る • (-ru) $^†$nidan
* Classical Japanese form of れる (-reru, passive suffix)

##### Usage notes

Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei).

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | れ | れ | re |
| Continuative (連用形) | れ | れ | re |
| Terminal (終止形) | る | る | ru |
| Attributive (連体形) | るる | るる | ruru |
| Realis (已然形) | るれ | るれ | rure |
| Imperative (命令形) | れよ | れよ | reyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | れず | れず | rezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | るれど | るれど | ruredo |
| Causal conjunction | るれば | るれば | rureba |
| Conditional conjunction | れば | れば | reba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | れき | れき | reki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | れけり | れけり | rekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | れつ | れつ | retu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | れぬ | れぬ | renu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | れたり | れたり | retari |
| Volitional | れむ | れむ | remu |

### Etymology 5

Regular adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix り (ri) indicating resulting state or completion of action.

#### Suffix

る • (-ru)
* (Classical Japanese or literary) adnominal of り (-ri)
    眠(ねむ)れる森(もり)の美(び)女(じょ)
       Nemureru Mori no Bijo
       Sleeping Beauty
** wedding vows
    富(と)める時(とき)も貧(まず)しき時(とき)も
       tomeru toki mo mazushiki toki mo
       in wealth or poverty
# ぼ

| ぼ | U+307C, &#12412; HIRAGANA LETTER BO |
| Composition: | ほ [U+307B] + ◌゙ [U+3099] |
| ← ほ [U+307B] | Hiragana | ぽ → [U+307D] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bo̞]

### Etymology 1

The hiragana character ほ (ho) with a dakuten (゛).

#### Syllable

ぼ • (bo)
* The hiragana syllable ぼ (bo). Its equivalent in katakana is ボ (bo).

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2

Reading for various kanji.

#### Noun

ぼ • (bo)
* 戊: the fifth day of the traditional Chinese ten-day cycle
* 墓: a grave, especially one belonging to the extended imperial family
* 簿: a notebook, a ledger
* 牡: a male animal
# 木曜日
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mùyàorì
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄧㄠˋ ㄖˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$ jiu$^6$ jat$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mùyàorì
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄧㄠˋ ㄖˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mùyàorìh
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$-yao$^4$-jih$^4$
*** Yale: mù-yàu-r̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhyawryh
*** Palladius: муяожи (mujaoži)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$ jiu$^6$ jat$^6$
*** Yale: muhk yiuh yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$ jiu$^6$ jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$ yiu$^6$ yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚² jiːu̯²² jɐt̚²/

### Noun

木曜日
* (Classical) Thursday

#### Synonyms

* 星期四 (xīngqīsì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 曜 | 日 |
| もく Grade: 1 | よう Grade: 2 | ひ > び Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | on'yomi | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 木𫞂日

### Alternative forms

* （木）; ㈭; ㊍

### Etymology

/mokueubi/ > /mokujoːbi/.
Compound of 木曜 (mokuyō, “Jupiter (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) +‎ 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もくよーび [mòkúyóꜜòbì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mo̞kɯ̟jo̞ːbʲi]

### Noun

木(もく)曜(よう)日(び) • (mokuyōbi)
* Thursday

#### Synonyms

* 木曜(もくよう) (mokuyō)

#### Coordinate terms

* days of the week: 曜(よう)日(び) (yōbi) (appendix): 日(にち)曜(よう)日(び) (nichiyōbi) · 月(げつ)曜(よう)日(び) (getsuyōbi) · 火(か)曜(よう)日(び) (kayōbi) · 水(すい)曜(よう)日(び) (suiyōbi) · 木(もく)曜(よう)日(び) (mokuyōbi) · 金(きん)曜(よう)日(び) (kin'yōbi) · 土(ど)曜(よう)日(び) (doyōbi)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

### Further reading

* Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 木 | 曜 | 日 |

### Noun

木曜日 • (mogyoil) (hangeul 목요일)
* hanja form of 목요일 (“Thursday”)
# ウ

| ウ | U+30A6, &#12454; KATAKANA LETTER U |
| ← ゥ [U+30A5] | Katakana | ェ → [U+30A7] |
| ㋒ | U+32D2, &#13010; CIRCLED KATAKANA U |
| ← ㋑ [U+32D1] | Enclosed CJK Letters and Months | ㋓ → [U+32D3] |
| ｳ | U+FF73, &#65395; HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER U |
| ← ｲ [U+FF72] | Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms | ｴ → [U+FF74] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Simplified in the Heian period from the man'yōgana kanji 宇, taken from the top part of the character.

#### Syllable

ウ • (u)
* The katakana syllable ウ (u). Its equivalent in hiragana is う (u). It is the third syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ア行ウ段 (a-gyō u-dan, “row a, section u”).

##### Usage notes

The katakana syllabary is used primarily for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of gairaigo (loan words), as well as to represent onomatopoeias, technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. It is also occasionally used in some words for emphasis, or to ease reading; katakana may be preferred for words becoming buried in the text if they are written under their canonical form in hiragana. Names of Japanese companies, as well as certain Japanese language words such as colloquial terms, are also sometimes written in katakana rather than the other systems. Formerly, female firstnames would often be written in katakana.

##### See also

* (Katakana) 片仮名; アァ, イィ, ウゥヴ, エェ(𛀀), オォ, カヵガ, キギ, クㇰグ, ケヶゲ, コ𛅕 (𛅕)ゴコ゚, サザ, シㇱジ, スㇲズ, セゼ, ソゾ, タダ, チヂ, ツッヅ, テデ, トㇳド, ナ, ニ, ヌㇴ, ネ, ノ, ハㇵバパ, ヒㇶビピ, フㇷブプ, ヘㇸベペ, ホㇹボポ, マ, ミ, ムㇺ, メ, モ, ヤャ, 𛄠 (𛄠), ユュ, エ/𛄡 (𛄡), ヨョ, ラㇻラ゚, リㇼリ゚, ルㇽル゚, レㇾレ゚, ロㇿロ゚, ワヮヷ, ヰ𛅤 (𛅤)ヸ, 𛄢 (𛄢), ヱ𛅥 (𛅥)ヹ, ヲ𛅦 (𛅦)ヺ, ン𛅧 (𛅧), ー, ヽ, ヾヿ
* (Southern Min additional) ウ̅ゥ̅, オ̅, カ̣,キ̣, ク̣, ケ̣, コ̣, サ̅サ̣̅, セ̅セ̣̅, ソ̅ソ̣̅, タ̣, チ̣, チ̅チ̣̅, ツ̣ツ̅ツ̣̅, テ̣, ト̣, パ̣, ピ̣, プ̣, ペ̣, ポ̣, 𚿰𚿷, 𚿱𚿸, 𚿲𚿺, 𚿳𚿻, 𚿵𚿽, 𚿶𚿾,

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of ウ – see the following entry. :
| 【鵜う】J | [noun] a cormorant (seabird of the family Phalacrocoracidae) [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, ウ (u), is the katakana spelling of the above term.) :
# Pologne
## Franco-Provençal
### Proper noun

Pologne f
* Poland (a country in Central Europe)

## French
### Etymology

From Latin Polonia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.lɔɲ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲ

### Proper noun

Pologne f
* Poland (a country in Central Europe)

#### Related terms

* Polonais/Polonaise
* polonais
* Grande-Pologne
* Petite-Pologne

#### See also

* Albanie
* Allemagne
* Andorre
* Arménie
* Autriche
* Azerbaïdjan
* Belgique
* Biélorussie
* Bosnie-Herzégovine
* Bulgarie
* Chypre
* Cité du Vatican
* Croatie
* Danemark
* Espagne
* Estonie
* Finlande
* France
* Géorgie
* Grèce
* Hongrie
* Irlande
* Islande
* Italie
* Kazakhstan
* Kosovo ~ Cossovo
* Lettonie
* Liechtenstein
* Lituanie
* Luxembourg
* Macédoine du Nord
* Malte
* Moldavie
* Monaco
* Monténégro
* Norvège
* Pays-Bas
* Pologne
* Portugal
* République tchèque
* Roumanie
* Royaume-Uni
* Russie
* Saint-Marin
* Serbie
* Slovaquie
* Slovénie
* Suède
* Suisse
* Turquie
* Ukraine

### References
## Walloon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.lɔɲ/

### Proper noun

Pologne
* Poland (a country in Central Europe)
# aprile
## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Italian aprile. Doublet of avrell.

### Noun

aprile m
* (Luserna) April
    Synonym: abrèl

### See also

* djenaro, hochnach
* fevraro, hornung
* martzo, lentz
* abrèl, aprile
* madjo
* sunjo, prachmånat
* ludjo, höbiat
* agosto, snittmånat
* septembre, herbestmånat
* otobre, bimmat
* novembre, bintarmånat
* ditzembre, kristmånat

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Corsican
### Alternative forms

* aprili

### Etymology

From Latin Aprīlis. Cognates include Italian aprile and French avril.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpɾi.le/
* Hyphenation: a‧pri‧le

### Noun

aprile m
* April

#### Coordinate terms

* ghjennaghju
* ferraghju
* marzu
* aprile
* maghju
* ghjugnu
* lugliu
* aostu
* settembre
* ottobre
* nuvembre
* dicembre

#### References

* https://infcor.adecec.net/

## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin Aprīlis.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpri.le/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: a‧prì‧le

#### Noun

aprile m (uncountable)
* April

##### Derived terms

* aprilante

##### Descendants

* → Cimbrian: aprile

##### See also

* gennaio
* febbraio
* marzo
* aprile
* maggio
* giugno
* luglio
* agosto
* settembre
* ottobre
* novembre
* dicembre

#### References

* nomi difettivi, in La grammatica italiana "Treccani"

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.pri.le/
* Rhymes: -aprile
* Hyphenation: à‧pri‧le

#### Verb

aprile
* compound of apri, the second-person singular imperative form of aprire, with le

### Anagrams

* pareli, prelia
# ɣ

| ɣ | U+0263, &#611; LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA |
| ← ɢ [U+0262] | IPA Extensions | ɤ → [U+0264] |
| ˠ | U+02E0, &#736; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA |
| ← ˟ [U+02DF] | Spacing Modifier Letters | ˡ → [U+02E1] |

## Translingual
### Etymology

A Latin adaptation of the Ancient Greek and Modern Greek letter γ (“gamma”). In Greek, γ in most contexts represents a voiced velar fricative, and has done so since Koine Greek, which is why it was chosen as the IPA letter to represent that sound (in Ancient times, in Attic Greek, γ represented [ɡ], like the English g).

### Pronunciation

* IPA:(file)

### Symbol

ɣ
* (IPA) a voiced velar fricative.
    (superscript ⟨ˠ⟩) velarized (that is, [ɣ]-coloring).
    (superscript ⟨ˠ⟩) [ɣ]-fricated release or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ɣ] – see ˠ.
* (phonetics, obsolete) letter in Doke (1925) for a voiced dental click.
    (doubled ligature) letter in Doke (1925) for a voiced lateral click.

#### Usage notes

Sometimes confused with ⟨ɤ⟩, the unrounded back vowel letter (ram's horns), especially in its "baby gamma" form, but the vowel letter does not drop below the baseline, which the consonant ⟨ɣ⟩ does.

### See also

* Γ (gamma)

### Further reading

* Latin gamma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dagbani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Dagbani alphabet.

## Ewe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Ewe alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, Ɖ ɖ, Dz dz, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, Ƒ ƒ, G g, Gb gb, Ɣ ɣ, H h, I i, K k, Kp kp, Q q, L l, M m, N n, Ny ny, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, T t, Ts ts, U u, V v, Ʋ ʋ, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Kabyle
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Kabyle alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Nuer
### Pronunciation

IPA: /h̞/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Nuer alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Okanagan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Okanagan alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, C c, C̓ c̓, Ə ə, Ə́ ə́, Ɣ ɣ, Ɣ̓ ɣ̓, H h, Ḥ ḥ, I i, Í í, K k, K̓ k̓, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, Ɬ ɬ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, P p, P̓ p̓, Q q, Q̓ q̓, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, R r, R̓ r̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, U u, Ú ú, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʕ, ʕ̓, ʕʷ, ʕ̓ʷ, ʔ

## Osage
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Osage Latin alphabet.

## Tashelhit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Shilha alphabet.

## Tuareg
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣ/

### Letter

ɣ (upper case Ɣ)
* A letter of the Tuareg alphabet, written in the Latin script.
# ĥ

| ĥ | U+0125, &#293; LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Composition: | h [U+0068] + ◌̂ [U+0302] |
| ← Ĥ [U+0124] | Latin Extended-A | Ħ → [U+0126] |

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* (letter name): IPA: /xo/
* (phoneme): IPA: /x/

### Letter

ĥ (lower case, upper case Ĥ)
* The eleventh letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ĥo and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
# ĵ

| ĵ | U+0135, &#309; LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Composition: | j [U+006A] + ◌̂ [U+0302] |
| ← Ĵ [U+0134] | Latin Extended-A | Ķ → [U+0136] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

ĵ
* (phonetics, French) The affricate sound of English j.

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* (phoneme): IPA: /ʒ/, a voiced postalveolar fricative
* (letter name): IPA: /ʒo/

### Letter

ĵ (lower case, upper case Ĵ)
* The fourteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ĵo and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
# ɓ

| ɓ | U+0253, &#595; LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK |
| ← ɒ [U+0252] | IPA Extensions | ɔ → [U+0254] |
| 𐞅 | U+10785, &#67461; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B WITH HOOK |
* [unassigned: U+10786]
| ← 𐞄 [U+10784] | Latin Extended-F | 𐞇 → [U+10787] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA:(file)

### Symbol

ɓ
* (IPA) a voiced bilabial implosive.
* (superscript ⟨𐞅⟩, IPA) a [ɓ]-release, such as ⟨ɠ𐞅⟩ for [ɠ͡ɓ]; [ɓ]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ɓ].

## Fula
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɓ/

### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* The third letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script. Preceded by B and followed by C, and representing /ɓ/.

#### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
* In Guinean alphabet (until 1984), this letter in Pular was represented by digraph bh.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

## Hausa
### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* The third letter of the Hausa alphabet, written in the Latin script. Preceded by B and followed by C, and representing /ɓ/.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ƙ ƙ, L l, M m, N n, O o, R r (R̃ r̃), S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ (ʼY ʼy), Z z, '
* ٻ (beeh)

## Maore Comorian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɓ/

### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* The third letter of the Maore Comorian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, Ɓ ɓ, D d, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, V̄ v̄, W w, Y y, Z z

## Ngas
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɓ/

### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* A letter of the Ngas alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Noon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɓ/

### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* A letter of the Noon alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From IPA ɓ.

### Letter

ɓ (upper case Ɓ)
* Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ɓ/. Replaced by b.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From IPA ɓ.

### Letter

ɓ (lower case, upper case Ɓ)
* Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ɓ/. Replaced by b.
# ť

| ť | U+0165, &#357; LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON |
| Composition: | t [U+0074] + ◌̌ [U+030C] |
| ← Ť [U+0164] | Latin Extended-A | Ŧ → [U+0166] |

## Translingual
### Usage notes

The letter varies between ⟨t̕⟩ (t with an apostrophe) and 'global style' ⟨t‌̌⟩ (t with a caron), depending on local language conventions.

## Czech
### Letter

ť (lower case, upper case Ť)
* the 32nd letter of the Czech alphabet, after t and before u

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, E e, É é, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, P p, Q q, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, Ů ů, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /c/

### Letter

ť (upper case Ť)
* The thirty-seventh letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

### Further reading

* “ť”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# ň

| ň | U+0148, &#328; LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON |
| Composition: | n [U+006E] + ◌̌ [U+030C] |
| ← Ň [U+0147] | Latin Extended-A | ŉ → [U+0149] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ň (upper case Ň)
* The letter n with a háček.

#### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter N): Ńń Ǹǹ Ňň Ññ Ṅṅ Ņņ Ṇṇ Ṋṋ Ṉṉ N̈n̈ Ɲɲ Ƞƞ ᵰ ᶇ ɳ ȵ ɴ Ｎｎ Ŋŋ NJNjnj Ǌǋǌ
* (Letters with háček): Ǎǎ Čč Ďď Ěě Ǧǧ Ȟȟ Ǐǐ J̌ǰ Ǩǩ Ľľ Ňň Ǒǒ Řř Šš Ťť Ǔǔ Ǚǚ Žž Ǯǯ DŽDždž Ǆǅǆ

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: [ˈɲ]

### Letter

ň (upper case Ň)
* The twenty-second letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, E e, É é, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, P p, Q q, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, Ů ů, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* n — nonstandard

### Romanization

ň (n$^3$, Zhuyin ㄯˇ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕶

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɲ/

### Letter

ň (upper case Ň)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

### Further reading

* “ň”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ŋ/

### Letter

ň (upper case Ň)
* The seventeenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called eň and written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z