# 芐

| 芐 | U+8290, &#33424; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8290 |
| ← 芏 [U+828F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芑 → [U+8291] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芐 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一卜 (TMY), four-corner 4423$_1$, composition ⿱艹下)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30680
* Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3174, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8290

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 丅 | *ɡraːʔ |
| 下 | *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs |
| 芐 | *ɡraːs, *ɡaːʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːs, *ɡaːʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hù (hu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hù
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hù
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^4$
*** Yale: hù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: huX, haeH
Rime :
| Character | 芐 | 芐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 侯古切 | 胡駕切 |
| Baxter | huX | haeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuo$^X$/ | /ɦˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuo$^X$/ | /ɦᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣo$^X$/ | /ɣa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɔ$^X$/ | /ɦaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣo$^X$/ | /ɣa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣu$^X$/ | /ɣa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuo$^X$/ | /ɣa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hù | xià |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^6$ | haa$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːs/, /*ɡaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 芐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xià |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁra-s/ |
| English | rush, sedge |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芐 | 芐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13447 | 13448 |
| Phonetic component | 下 | 下 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暇 | 戸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːs/ | /*ɡaːʔ/ |
| Notes | 見禮記 | |

#### Definitions

芐
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of medicinal herb

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xià (xia$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xià
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sià
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$
*** Yale: syà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

#### Definitions

芐
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) mat woven from cattails
* A surname.

### References

* “芐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–