# 栽

| 栽 | U+683D, &#26685; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-683D |
| ← 格 [U+683C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 栾 → [U+683E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

栽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十戈木 (JID), four-corner 4395$_0$, composition ⿹𢦏木)

#### Derived characters

* 溨, 𰖜, 𰶞, 𰷊, 𨃭, 𮐅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14750
* Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1193, character 6
* Unihan data for U+683D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 𢦏 | *ʔslɯː |
| 栽 | *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 哉 | *ʔslɯː |
| 烖 | *ʔslɯː |
| 載 | *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 渽 | *ʔsɯː |
| 睵 | *ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː |
| 溨 | *zɯː |
| 裁 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 酨 | *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 蛓 | *sʰles, *sʰɯs |
| 胾 | *ʔsrɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs): semantic 木 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zāi (zai$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zai$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): châi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zai$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): căi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zai
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^1$
*** Yale: dzāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zai$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^1$
*** Yale: jōi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: căi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai
*** Tâi-lô: tsai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zay
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsoj
Rime :
| Character | 栽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 祖才切 |
| Baxter | tsoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zāi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 栽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zāi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁə/ |
| English | plant (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 栽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16489 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 烖 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslɯː/ |

#### Definitions

栽
* to cultivate; to plant; to grow
    From: 2004, 普通话水平测试实施纲要, →ISBN →OCLC
    Shān shàng duō zāi shù, děngyú xiū shuǐkù. Yǔ duō tā néng tūn, yǔ shào tā néng tǔ. [Pinyin]
    Planting more trees on mountains is akin to building reservoirs. If there's much rain they can take it in, if there's little rain they can dispense.
* seedling; sprout
* to care for plants; to tend to
* to insert
* to impose on; to force onto someone
* to tumble
* (by extension) to fail
    From: 2017 June 22, 刘建平 (Liu Jianping), 《走私“骡子”》, in 《故事会》, →ISSN, issue 634, page 72
    17 hào zài Hánguó zāi le, tā de dìfāng kòng chūlái le, nǐ jīnhòu de biānhào jiùshì 17 hào, zhù jìn tā céngjīng zhù de fángjiān. [Pinyin]
    Number 17 failed in South Korea, and her place has been emptied. Your number has been changed to 17, and you will now occupy the room where she had lived.

##### Synonyms

* (to cultivate):
* 培植 (péizhí)
* 栽培 (zāipéi)
* 栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
* 栽種 / 栽种 (zāizhòng)
* 植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 樹 / 树 (shù) (obsolete)
* 盤栽 / 盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, chiefly to transplant, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
* 移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
* 種 / 种 (zhòng)
* 種植 / 种植 (zhòngzhí)
* 種樹 / 种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)

#### Compounds

* 倒栽蔥 / 倒栽葱 (dàozāicōng)
* 抑制栽培
* 接替栽培
* 栽人
* 栽培 (zāipéi)
* 栽培植物
* 栽子 (zāizi)
* 栽排
* 栽植 (zāizhí)
* 栽秧 (zāiyāng)
* 栽種 / 栽种 (zāizhòng)
* 栽絨 / 栽绒
* 栽觔斗
* 栽贓 / 栽赃 (zāizāng)
* 栽跟頭 / 栽跟头
* 水耕栽培 (shuǐgēng zāipéi)
* 無土栽培 / 无土栽培
* 盆栽 (pénzāi)
* 礫耕栽培 / 砾耕栽培
* 糊仔栽培
* 花栽子
* 買物栽贓 / 买物栽赃
* 輪栽 / 轮栽

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zài (zai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zài
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zài
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^4$
*** Yale: dzài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzojH
Rime :
| Character | 栽 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨代切 |
| Baxter | dzojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 栽 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16502 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 載 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯːs/ |

#### Definitions

栽
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to build using an ancient method of architectural construction
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    lǐ ér zài, guǎng zhàng, gāo bèi [Pinyin]
    He raised a mound at the distance of a li, 10 cubits thick, and twice as many in height

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zuai$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suai⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

栽
* Only used in 栽瞌睡, alternative form of 跩瞌睡

### References

* “栽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* farm
* cultivation
* plantation

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: うえる (ueru, 栽える)

### Proper noun

栽(さい) • (Sai)
* a surname

## Korean
### Hanja

栽 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

栽: Hán Nôm readings: tài, trài
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.