# 什

| 什 | U+4EC0, &#20160; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC0 |
| ← 亿 [U+4EBF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 仁 → [U+4EC1] |
| 什 | U+F9FD, &#63997; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD |
| ← 識 [U+F9FC] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 茶 → [U+F9FE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

什 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ), four-corner 2420$_0$, composition ⿰亻十)

#### Derived characters

* 𠯰, 𪭡, 𨑮, 𱑐, 𦬯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 348
* Dae Jaweon: page 192, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4EC0
* Unihan data for U+F9FD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 什 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| Small seal scripts05782Transcribed ancient scriptsL38517 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 針 | *kjum, *kjums |
| 汁 | *kjub |
| 卙 | *kʰljub |
| 十 | *ɡjub |
| 什 | *ɡjub |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shén, shé (shen$^2$, she$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ, ㄕㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sam$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sím
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sim$^6$ / sib$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shén
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shén
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^2$
*** Yale: shén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shé
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shé
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^2$
*** Yale: shé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sam$^6$
*** Yale: sahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐm²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sím
*** Tâi-lô: sím
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siem
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sim⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sim⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sim$^6$ / sib$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm / si̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /sim³⁵/, /sip̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$seq
*** MiniDict: seh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$seq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /səʔ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

什
* Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme).

#### Compounds

* 不差什麼 / 不差什么
* 不算什麼 / 不算什么
* 什麼 / 什么
* 什麼什麼 / 什么什么
* 什麼樣 / 什么样 (shénmeyàng)
* 什麼的 / 什么的 (shénmede)
* 可什麼 / 可什么
* 幹什麼 / 干什么 (gàn shénme)
* 沒什麼 / 没什么 (méishénme)
* 為什麼 / 为什么 (wèishénme)
* 算什麼 / 算什么

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shí (shi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sap$^6$ / zaap$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zab$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shí
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sap$^6$ / zaap$^6$
*** Yale: sahp / jaahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sap$^9$ / dzaap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seb$^6$ / zab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐp̚²/, /t͡saːp̚²/
* sap6 - literary;
* zaap6 - variant (“miscellaneous” or alternative form of 雜).
* Middle Chinese: dzyip
Rime :
| Character | 什 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是執切 |
| Baxter | dzyip |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sap$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 什 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyip › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[ɡ]əp/ |
| English | troop of ten men |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 什 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11453 |
| Phonetic component | 十 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 十 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡjub/ |

#### Definitions

什
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, census) ten families
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) troop of ten men
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) set of ten poems
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples.
* miscellaneous; assorted
* Alternative form of 雜 / 杂 (zá)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 什一
* 什一之利
* 什不閑 / 什不闲
* 什件 (shíjiàn)
* 什件兒 / 什件儿
* 什伯
* 什器 (shíqì)
* 什物 (shíwù)
* 什百
* 什葉 / 什叶
* 什葉派 / 什叶派 (Shíyèpài)
* 什襲 / 什袭
* 什襲珍藏 / 什袭珍藏
* 什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
* 什面
* 佳什
* 僗什子 / 𫢬什子
* 克什克騰 / 克什克腾
* 勞什子 / 劳什子 (láoshízi)
* 勞什骨子 / 劳什骨子
* 印古什 (Yìngǔshí)
* 哈什螞 / 哈什蚂
* 喀什
* 喀什噶爾 / 喀什噶尔
* 喀什米爾 / 喀什米尔 (Kàshímǐ'ěr)
* 喀拉喀什 (Kālākāshí)
* 塔什庫爾干 / 塔什库尔干 (Tǎshíkù'ěrgān)
* 孟什維克 / 孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
* 家什
* 巴什吉爾 / 巴什吉尔
* 庫米什 / 库米什 (Kùmǐshí)
* 戈什
* 戈什哈
* 拜什吐格曼 (Bàishí Tǔgémàn)
* 撈什子 / 捞什子
* 烏什 / 乌什 (Wūshí)
* 烏夏巴什 / 乌夏巴什 (Wūxiàbāshí)
* 物什 (wùshí)
* 玉龍喀什 / 玉龙喀什 (Yùlóngkāshí)
* 瑪特廖什卡 / 玛特廖什卡 (mǎtèliàoshíkǎ)
* 篇什
* 素什錦 / 素什锦
* 闊什塔格 / 阔什塔格 (Kuòshítǎgé)
* 闊什薩特瑪 / 阔什萨特玛 (Kuòshísàtèmǎ)
* 阿圖什 / 阿图什 (Ātúshí)
* 風什 / 风什

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zá (za$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zá
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zá
*** Wade–Giles: tsa$^2$
*** Yale: dzá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
*** Palladius: цза (cza)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sä³⁵/

#### Definitions

什
* Only used in 通什.

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siáⁿ / sáⁿ / siahⁿ / sahⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: siánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sáⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svar
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sã⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siahⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: siannh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviaq
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sahⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sannh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svaq

#### Definitions

什
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”)
    From: 葉俊麟 (lyrics), 邱芳德 (music), 留戀什路用, performed by 陳一郎
    náu-hái tiong ê cháu-bé-teng, liû-loân siáⁿ lō͘-ēng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    What use is there to think with nostalgia about the horse lamp in my mind?
    From: 郭之仪 (lyrics and music), 愈遥远愈想你, performed by 卓勤培
    che tàu-té sī siáⁿ li̍t-chí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    What day is this actually?

### References

* “什”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “什”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (financial, obsolete) ten

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: くみ (kumi, 什)、とお (tō, 什)、まじる (majiru, 什じる)

## Korean
### Hanja

什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

什: Hán Nôm readings: thập, lặt, thậm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation