# अक्षर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára), from अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ək.ʂəɾ/, [ɐk.ʃɐɾ]
* Hyphenation: अ‧क्ष‧र

### Noun

अक्षर • (akṣar) m (Urdu spelling اکشر)
* letter, character (of an alphabet)
    इस शब्द से कुछ अक्षर मिट गये हैंis śabd se kuch akṣar miṭ gaye ha͠iSome letters have been erased from this word.
* syllable
    इस शब्द को और अक्षर जोड़ोis śabd ko aur akṣar joṛoAdd more letters/syllables to this word.

#### Derived terms

* अक्षरक्रम (akṣarakram)
* अक्षरगणित (akṣaragṇit, “algebra”)
* अक्षरमाला (akṣarmālā)
* अक्षरारंभ (akṣarārambh)
* मूलाक्षर (mūlākṣar)
* साक्षर (sākṣar)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “अक्षर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Konkani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára), from अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [əkʂəɾ]

### Noun

अक्षर • (akṣar) n (Latin script okxor, Kannada script ಅಕ್ಷರ್)
* letter (of an alphabet, etc.)

### References

* Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017) IndoWordNet‎

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára), from अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ək.ʂəɾ/

### Noun

अक्षर • (akṣar) n
* (grammar) letter, character (of an alphabet)

#### Derived terms

* मुळाक्षर (muḷākṣar)

## Old Gujarati
### Alternative forms

* अखिर (akhira)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára), from अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara).

### Noun

अक्षर • (akṣara) n
* letter, syllable

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অক্ষৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (Balinese script)
* অক্ষর (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* အက္ၑရ (Burmese script)
* અક્ષર (Gujarati script)
* ਅਕ੍ਸ਼ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦏ꧀ꦰꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಕ್ಷರ (Kannada script)
* អក្ឞរ (Khmer script)
* ອກ຺ຩຣ (Lao script)
* അക്ഷര (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᡬᢢᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠠᢉᢔᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଅକ୍ଷର (Odia script)
* ꢂꢒ꣄ꢰꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖨 (Siddham script)
* අක්‍ෂර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* அக்ஷர (Tamil script)
* అక్షర (Telugu script)
* อกฺษร (Thai script)
* ཨ་ཀྵ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From अ- (a-) +‎ क्षर (kṣara, “perishable”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐk.ʂɐ́.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐk.ʂɐ.ɾɐ/

### Adjective

अ॒क्षर॑ • (akṣára) stem
* imperishable, lasting
* unalterable

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### Noun

अ॒क्षर॑ • (akṣára) stem, n
* syllable
* the syllable om
* letter
* vowel
* sound
* word
* a name of Brahma
* water
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.34.4:त्रिर्व॒र्तिर्या॑तं॒ त्रिरनु॑व्रते ज॒ने त्रिः सु॑प्रा॒व्ये॑ त्रे॒धेव॑ शिक्षतम् । त्रिर्ना॒न्द्यं॑ वहतमश्विना यु॒वं त्रिः पृक्षो॑ अ॒स्मे अ॒क्षरे॑व पिन्वतम् ॥trírvartíryātaṃ tríránuvrate jané tríḥ suprāvyè tredhéva śikṣatam. trírnāndyàṃ vahatamaśvinā yuváṃ tríḥ pṛ́kṣo asmé akṣáreva pinvatam.1890 translation by Ralph T. H. GriffithThrice come ye to our home, thrice to the righteous folk, thrice triply aid the man who well deserves your help. Thrice, O ye Aṣvins, bring us what shall make us glad; thrice send us store of food as nevermore to fail.
* final beatitude, religious austerity, a sacrifice
** Lexicographers, Various Works
* Achyranthes aspera (prickly chaff flower, devil's horsewhip)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Related terms

* अक्ष॑रा (ákṣarā, “word, speech”)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: اَچھُر (achur)
* Pali: akkhara (see there for further descendants)
* Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭 (akkhara) (see there for further descendants)

##### Borrowed terms

* → Baduy: aksara
* → Bengali: অক্ষর (okkhor)
* → English: aksara
* → Gujarati: અક્ષર (akṣar)
* → Hindi: अक्षर (akṣar)
* → Kannada: ಅಕ್ಷರ (akṣara)
* → Khmer: អក្សរ (ʼaksɑɑ)
* → Lao: ອັກສອນ (ʼak sǭn)
* → Malay: aksara
** Indonesian: aksara
* → Marathi: अक्षर (akṣar)
* → Nepali: अक्षर (akṣar)
* → Old Javanese: akṣara
** > Javanese: ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ (aksara) (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (aksara)
* → Sasak: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (aksara)
* → Sundanese: aksara
* → Tamil: அட்சரம் (aṭcaram)
* → Telugu: అక్షరము (akṣaramu), అక్షరం (akṣaraṁ), అక్కరము (akkaramu)
* → Thai: อักษร (àk-sɔ̌ɔn)
* → Tocharian B: akṣār
* → Urdu: اکشر (akṣar)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “अक्षर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 003.