# 亥

| 亥 | U+4EA5, &#20133; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA5 |
| ← 交 [U+4EA4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亦 → [U+4EA6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

亥 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹人 (YVHO), four-corner 0080$_2$, composition ⿳亠𠂈人 or ⿱丶𠀔)

#### Derived characters

* 侅 咳 垓 姟 孩 峐 㤥 㧡 晐 核 烗 畡 䀭 硋 絯(𰬓) 胲 該(该) 豥 賅(赅) 䠹 輆(𬨇) 䤤(𫟺) 陔 䬵 駭(骇) 骸 㚊 餩(𱃽) 刻 劾 欬 㱾 郂 頦(颏) 痎 氦 閡(阂) 奒 荄 賌
* 𣴃 𪻞 𮁷 𥞨 𥩲 𦈲 𮌑 𧊏 𮖀 𨀖 𨠳 𮧙 𫠄 𩠚 𩰶 𪠠 𨒨 𮨫 𡲼 𠛳 𢻉 𢼵 𦐤 𠜨 𡭹 𨽷 𡱍 𭈯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 292
* Dae Jaweon: page 186, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 283, character 5
* Unihan data for U+4EA5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亥 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj31471j31472j31473j31474j31475j31476j31477j31478j31479j31480j31481j31482j31483j31484j31485j31486Bronze inscriptionsb21659b21660b21661b21662b21663b21664b21665b21666b21667b21668b21669b21670b21671b21672b21673b21674b21675b21676b21677b21678b21679b21680b21681b21682b21683b21684b21685b21686b21687b21688b21689b21690b21691b21692b21693b21694b21695b21696b21697b21698b21699b21700b21701b21702b21703b21704b21705b21706b21707b21708b21709b21710b21711b21712b21713b21714b21715b21716b21717b21718b21719b21720b21721b21722b21723b21724b21725b21726b21727b21728b21729b21730Small seal scripts11108Transcribed ancient scriptsL34553L34554L34555L34556L34557L34558L34559L15142L15139L15143L15144L15145L15146L15147L15148L15149L15150L15151L15152L15153L15154L15155L15156L15157L15158L15159L15160L15161L15162L15163L15164L15165L15166L15167L15168L15169L15170L15171L15140L15141 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 該 | *kɯː |
| 垓 | *kɯː |
| 賅 | *kɯː |
| 陔 | *kɯː |
| 豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
| 郂 | *kɯː |
| 姟 | *kɯː |
| 絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 晐 | *kɯː |
| 峐 | *kɯː |
| 侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 胲 | *kɯː |
| 頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
| 奒 | *kʰɯː |
| 輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
| 欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
| 硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 孩 | *ɡɯː |
| 亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
| 劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
| 痎 | *krɯː |
| 烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
| 骸 | *ɡrɯː |
| 駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
| 餩 | *qɯːɡ |
| 核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of 荄 (OC *kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to 豕.

### Etymology

Smith (2011) groups 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with 荄 (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) > 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling 月芽 lit. "moon sprout" > "crescent moon".
See 核 (hé) for further etymology.
Later 亥 (hài) and 豕 (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.
As for 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:
* Khmer កុរ (kol, “year of the pig”), from Angkorian Old Khmer kur.
* Proto-Vietic *guːrʔ (“pig; pork”) or *kuːrʔ (“pig; pork”):
** Vietnamese cúi (“(archaic) pig”)
** Muong củi (kuːj³, “pig”)
** Chut cûl (kûːl, “pig”)
* Thai กุน (gun, “year of the pig”), a loan from Old Khmer.
Ferlus (2013) notes 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hài (hai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hoi
    (Hailu, HRS): hoi$^˖$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hai$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hǎi / hāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hai$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hài
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hài
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^4$
*** Yale: hài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
*** Palladius: хай (xaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^6$
*** Yale: hoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hoi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoi³³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xai⁴⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎi
*** Tâi-lô: hǎi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hai²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
*** Tâi-lô: hāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hai
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hai³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hai$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghe
*** MiniDict: ghe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦe²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit亥 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xai⁵³/ /xai²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xai⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xai¹³/ /xe³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xae⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xe̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xæ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦe̞³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦe̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦe³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xa²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɦai²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hoi⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hoi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɔi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɔi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hai³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: hojX
Rime :
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡改切 |
| Baxter | hojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁəʔ/ |
| English | 12th earthly branch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4828 |
| Phonetic component | 亥 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亥 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯːʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象根荄爲荄之初文， 陳獨秀說 |

### Definitions

亥
* (obsolete) grass root
* twelfth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
* pig (豬) of the Chinese zodiac
* a surname

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài)

#### Compounds

* 亥市
* 亥時 / 亥时 (hàishí)
* 亥豕
* 亥豕魯魚 / 亥豕鲁鱼
* 俄亥俄 (Éhài'é)
* 辛亥革命 (Xīnhài Gémìng)
* 魯魚亥豕 / 鲁鱼亥豕 (lǔyúhàishǐ)

#### See also

* 豕 (shǐ)

#### References

* “亥”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がい (gai)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: い (i, 亥)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 亥
* い Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From 猪 (inoshishi, i, “boar”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) い [ì] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [i]
* Homophones: イ, 井, 胆, 猪, 豬, 堰, 藺, 伊, 夷, 衣, 医, 易, 威, 胃, 帷, 異, 偉, 意, 緯, 彝

#### Proper noun

亥(い) • (I)
* the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 亥
* がい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 亥 (hoj$^X$).

#### Proper noun

亥(がい) • (Gai)
* the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

## Korean
### Hanja

亥 (eum 해 (hae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

亥: Hán Nôm readings: hợi
* chữ Hán form of Hợi (“twelfth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丁亥 (Đinh Hợi)
* 乙亥 (Ất Hợi)
* 己亥 (Kỷ Hợi)
* 癸亥 (Qúy Hợi/Quý Hợi)
* 辛亥 (Tân Hợi)