# بخور
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ب خ ر (b ḵ r), related to vapor. Compare with بَخَرَ (baḵara, “to boil”), تَبَخَّر (tabaḵḵar, “to evaporate, to perfume with incense”) and بُخَار (buḵār, “vapour, steam”).

### Noun

بَخُور or بُخُور • (baḵūr or buḵūr) m
* incense

#### Usage notes

* The pronunciation بَخُور (baḵūr) is traditional.

#### Descendants

* Maltese: bħur

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* պուխուր (buhur), պուհուր (buhur) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَخُور (baḵūr, “incense”).

### Noun

بخور • (bahur or buhur) (definite accusative بخوری (bahuru, buhuru), plural بخورلر (bahurlar, buhurlar))
* incense, biotic material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt, often used in religious rites
    Synonyms: توتسو (tütsü), كونلك (günlük)
* fumigant, any substance used, in the gaseous state, to disinfect or remove vermin or pests
    Synonym: توتسو (tütsü)

#### Derived terms

* بخور شیشه (buhur şişe, “mixture of fragrant essences or oils”)
* بخور مریم (buhur-i meryem, “sowbread”)
* بخور یاغی (buhur yağı, “liquid styrax”)
* بخورجی (buhurcu, “dealer in incense”)
* بخوردان (buhurdan, “censer, incense-box”)
* بخورلاتمق (buhurlatmak, “to make or let be fumigated”)
* بخورلامق (buhurlamak, “to fumigate with incense”)
* بخورلانمق (buhurlanmak, “to be fumigated with incense”)
* بخورلو (buhurlu, “impregnated with incense”)
* طرناق بخوری (tırnak buhuru, “onycha”)
* قره بخور (kara buhur, “the refuse bark of liquidambar”)
* كلیسا بخوری (kilisa buhuru, “gum benzoin and olibanum”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: buhur
* → Armenian: պուհուր (puhur)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “بخور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 288
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “buhur”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 688
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “بخور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 110a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بخور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 255
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Thymiama”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1672
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بخور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 723
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “buhur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بخور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 345

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُخُور (buḵūr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bu.xuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊ.xuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bʊ.xuːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bʊ.xuːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bu.xuɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bo.xuːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bu.χuɾ]

### Noun

بخور • (boxur)
* incense
    بخور معطر در حضور وی‌ بسوزانم‌ ― I burn fragrant incense in his presence

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَخُور (baḵūr).

### Noun

بخور • (baḵūr) m
* incense