# روغن
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رَوْغَن (rawğan).

### Noun

روغن • (revgan or rugan) (definite accusative روغنی (revganı, ruganı), plural روغنلر (revganlar, ruganlar))
* oil, grease, ointment, pomade, any greasy substance
    Synonym: یاغ (yağ)
* butter, a fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk
    Synonym: یاغ (yağ)
* varnish, a paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a film
    Synonym: ورنیك (vernik)

#### Derived terms

* روغن آردیج (rugan-ı ardıç, “juniper oil”)
* روغن زیت (rugan-ı zeyt, “olive oil”)
* روغن ساده (rugan sade, “melted butter”)
* روغن سورمك (rugan sürmek, “to apply varnish”)
* روغن نفت (rugan-ı neft, “turpentine”)
* روغنفروش (ruganfuruş, “seller of oil or butter”)
* روغنلاتمق (ruganlatmak, “to make or let be varnished”)
* روغنلامق (ruganlamak, “to varnish”)
* روغنلو (ruganlı, “varnished”)
* روغنی (rugani, “oily, syrupy”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: rugan

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “روغن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 29
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rugan”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3979
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “روغن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 251b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “روغن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 632
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Oleum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1199
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “روغن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2386
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rugan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “روغن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 994

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwkn' /⁠rōγn⁠/, “oil; butter”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwgnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwgʰnas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰ-no-s (“cream”), from *rewgʰ- +‎ *-nos, from *rew- (“to tear, dig, churn”). Cognate with Mazanderani راغون (rağun, “oil”), Central Kurdish ڕۆن (ron, “oil”), Shughni рӯған (rūɣan, “butter, grease”), Pashto روغن (roğán), Zazaki ruwen.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾaw.ɣan], [ ɾoː.ɣan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [roː.ɣän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [roː.ɣän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [roː.ɣän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rʊː.ɣän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹow.ɢæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾäw.ʁän]

### Noun

| Dari | روغن, تیل |
| Iranian Persian | روغن |
| Tajik | равған |
روغن • (rowğan or rôğan) (plural روغن‌ها (rowğan-hâ))
* oil (liquid fat); (of mammals) butter; ghee
    روغن آرگان ― rowğan-e ârgân ― argan oil
    روغن زیتون ― rowğan-e zeytun ― olive oil
    روغن نخل ― rowğan-e naxl ― palm oil
    روغن گاو ― rowğan-e gâv ― clarified butter (literally, “cow oil”)

#### Derived terms

* روغن دار (rowğan dâr, “oil-containing”)
* روغن ریخته جمع نمیشود (rowğan-e rixte jam' ne-mi-šavad, “No use crying over spilled milk”, literally “Spilled oil can't be collected”)
* روغن زن (rowğan zan, “oil press machine”)
* روغن فروش (rowğan foruš, “oil seller”)
* روغندان (rowğan-dân, “oil container, oilcan”)
* روغنی (rowğani, “oily”)
* مرغ روغن (morğ-e rowğan, “oilbird”)

#### Descendants

* Dari: روغَن (rōğan)
* Iranian Persian: رَوغَن (rowğan)
* Tajik: равған (ravġan)
* → Gujarati: રોગાન (rogān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: रौग़न (rauġan)
    Urdu: رَوغَن (rauġan)
* → Ottoman Turkish: روغن (revgan, rugan)
** Turkish: rugan

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “روغن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rōγn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رَوْغَن (rawğan).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾɔː.ɣən/, /ɾoː.ɣən/

### Noun

رَوغَن • (rauġan) m (Hindi spelling रौग़न)
* oil (liquid fat)
* butter; ghee
* the oily or fatty gravy of stew
* varnish, polish; sleekness, glossiness

#### Derived terms

* رَوغنِی (rauġnī, “oily”)
* رَوغَنِ اَرَنْڈ (rauġan-i aranḍ, “castor oil”)
* رَوغَنِ زَرْد (rauġan-i zard, “ghee”)
* رَوغَنِ زَیتُون (rauġan-i zaitūn, “olive oil”)
* رَوغَنِ نارِیَل (rauġan-i nāriyal, “coconut oil”)
* رَوغَنی روٹی (rauġanī roṭī, “buttered roti”)
* رَوغَنی نان (rauġanī nān, “buttered naan”)

### References

* “روغن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “روغن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* “روغن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “روغن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “روغن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.