# 皋

| 皋 | U+768B, &#30347; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-768B |
| ← 皊 [U+768A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 皌 → [U+768C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

皋 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹日大十 (HAKJ), four-corner 2640$_3$, composition ⿱白夲)

#### Derived characters

* 嗥, 𡟷, 㟸, 滜, 獆, 暤, 𦞵, 槔, 皞, 𥡅, 𥻷, 䜂, 䜰, 𨎀, 𤾲, 韟, 𫑯, 䣗, 翱, 䚌, 䫧, 鷎(𬸢), 㿁, 䔌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 787, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22714
* Dae Jaweon: page 1202, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 15
* Unihan data for U+768B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 睾 | *kuː |
| 皋 | *kuː |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 白 (“white, bright”) + 夲 (“to advance”), although the connection to the modern meaning is unclear.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāo (gao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gao
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$
*** Yale: gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^1$
*** Yale: gōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
*** Tâi-lô: ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kau
*** MiniDict: kau$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: kaw
Rime :
| Character | 皋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古勞切 |
| Baxter | kaw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaw/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁu/ |
| English | announce |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3793 |
| Phonetic component | 皋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 髙 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuː/ |
| Notes | 同臯 |

### Definitions

皋
* (literary) shore; land by a body of water
* (literary) highland
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) marsh; pool
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú yě. [Pinyin]
    The crane cries in the ninth marsh, And her voice is heard in the [distant] wilds.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rice paddy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (alt. form 高) tall; high
* a surname

### Compounds

* 九皋
* 亭皋
* 如皋射雉
* 平皋
* 成皋 (Chénggāo)
* 東皋 / 东皋
* 江皋
* 漢皋解佩 / 汉皋解佩
* 皋壤
* 皋比 (gāopí)
* 皋澤 / 皋泽
* 皋牢
* 皋門 / 皋门 (gāomén)
* 皋陶 (Gāoyáo)
* 皋隰
* 皋魚之泣 / 皋鱼之泣
* 蘅皋
* 隰皋
* 鶴鳴九皋 / 鹤鸣九皋

### References

* “皋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: さわ (sawa, 皋)、さかい (sakai, 皋)、さつき (satsuki)

## Korean
### Hanja

皋 (eumhun 언덕 고 (eondeok go))
* Alternative form of 皐 (“hanja form of 고 (“highland”)”)

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 3.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

皋: Hán Nôm readings: cao
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: cao

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999