# caulis
## English
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɔːlɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔːlɪs

#### Noun

caulis (plural caules)
* (architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital.
* (botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state.

##### Derived terms

* cauliferous
* cauligenous

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

caulis
* plural of cauli

### Anagrams

* aulics, clusia, sicula

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* cōlis

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkau̯.lis/, [ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkau̯.lis/, [ˈkäːu̯lis]

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

caulīs
* dative/ablative plural of caulae

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).

#### Alternative forms

* cōlis
* coles

#### Noun

caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension
* stalk, stem
* stem of a cabbage

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

##### Derived terms

* cauliculus
* cauliculatus

##### Descendants

* Dalmatian:
** caul
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: cavolo
** Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu
* Padanian:
** Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul
** Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro
** Lombard: caul, cavol
** Piedmontese: còl, caure
** Romagnol: chèvol, chevle
** Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: chous
*** French: chou
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: col
** Old Occitan: caul
*** Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal
*** Gascon: caul ⇒ caulet
*** Languedocien: caul ⇒ caulet
*** Limousin: chaul, chol
*** Provençal: còure, coule, cole
*** Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col
*** Galician: col
** Old Galician-Portuguese: couve
*** Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)
*** Portuguese: couve
**** → Assamese: কবি (kobi)
***** → Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)
**** → Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)
**** → Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)
    Hindi: गोभी (gobhī)
    Urdu: گوبھی (gobhī)
**** → Malay: kubis, kobis
***** → Indonesian: kubis
**** → Marathi: कोबी (kobī)
**** → Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)
***** Bengali: কপি (kopi)
**** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)
    Shahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)
**** → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)
    Devanagari script: कोबी (kobī)
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: col
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: càule

###### Borrowings

* → Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)
* → English: caulis (learned)
* → Catalan: caule (semi-learned)
* → Italian: caule (semi-learned)
* → Macedonian: кељ (kelj)
* → Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)
* → Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “caulis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 100

### Further reading

* “caulis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “caulis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* caulis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.