# 惑星
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huòxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waak$^6$ sing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huòxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huòsing
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: hwò-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huohshing
*** Palladius: хосин (xosin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waak$^6$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: waahk sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waak$^9$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wag$^6$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːk̚² sɪŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

惑星
* (astronomy, obsolete) Synonym of 行星 (xíngxīng, “planet”) (Classifier: 顆／颗 m)
    From: 1903, Jules Verne, translated by 魯迅 [Lu Xun], 《月界旅行》 [From the Earth to the Moon], chapter 8
    Jù cǐ tuī zhī, dāng bì yǒu yǐ dàn wéi chē zhī yī rì. Jí ěrshí, zé zhū huòxīng yǔ dìqiú shàng tōngxìn zhī fǎ, shèn yì chǔzhì le. [Pinyin]
    Well, the projectile is the vehicle of the future, and the planets themselves are nothing else! [English by Lewis Page Mercier and Eleanor E. King] If you extrapolate based on this, there must be a day when the projectile is a vehicle. At that time, transportation between the planets and earth will be very easy to deal with. [literal English translation]
    From: 1924 June 25, Camille Flammarion, translated by 山木, 《世界如何終局》 [Omega: The Last Days of the World], chapter 1, in 《晨报副鎸》, issue 145, page 3
    Wǒmen dìqiú běnshēn shì yī kē huòxīng, yòng jí kuài de sùdù zài tiānkōng lǐ xíngdòng; rú zài zhōngtú yù zháo zhèyàng de shìbiàn, yě shì shuōbùdìng de. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 惑 | 星 |
| わく Grade: S | せい Grade: 2 |
| goon | kan'on |

### Etymology

Wasei kango: Calque of Dutch dwaalster (literally “wander star”), composed as a compound of 惑 (waku, “to move about confusedly, to wander”) +‎ 星 (sei, “star”).
Coined in 1792 by Dutch-Japanese translator 本木良永 (Motoki Yoshinaga) in his 太陽窮理了解説 (Taiyō Kyūri Ryōkai Setsu, “Theory of Understanding on the Natural Study of the Sun”), a translation of Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and its heliocentric model.
Also cited in the 1805 work 和蘭通舶 (Oranda Tsūhaku, “Holland Liner”) by 司馬江漢 (Shiba Kōkan).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わくせー [wàkúséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [β̞a̠kɯ̟̊se̞ː]

### Noun

惑(わく)星(せい) • (wakusei)
* [from 1792] (astronomy) planet
    Synonyms: 遊星 (yūsei), (perceived as the Chinese term) 行星 (kōsei)
    あの星(ほし)は恒(こう)星(せい)じゃなくて、惑(わく)星(せい)です。
       Ano hoshi wa kōsei ja nakute, wakusei desu.
       That light isn't a star, it's a planet.
* [from 1933] (archaic) a dark horse
    Synonym: ダークホース (dāku hōsu)
    政(せい)界(かい)の惑(わく)星(せい)
       seikai no wakusei
       a dark horse in the political world

#### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)

### References

* ↑ 2017, 廣瀬匠 (Hirose, Shō), 『天文の世界史』 (Temmon no Sekai-shi, "World History of Astronomy"), page 29, Shueisha, Tokyo, →ISBN
* ↑ “惑星”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 惑 | 星 |

### Noun

惑星 • (hokseong) (hangeul 혹성)
* hanja form of 혹성 (“planet”)