# 奄

| 奄 | U+5944, &#22852; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5944 |
| ← 奃 [U+5943] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 奅 → [U+5945] |
| 奄 | U+FA7E, &#64126; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA7E |
| ← 墳 [U+FA7D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 奔 → [U+FA7F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

奄 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 4071$_6$, composition ⿱大电(GTJKV) or ⿱大⿻日㇄(T))

#### Derived characters

* 俺, 𢔂, 埯, 掩, 唵, 崦, 淹, 殗, 晻, 腌, 硽, 裺, 醃, 餣, 馣, 黤, 剦, 鵪(鹌), 奙, 菴, 罨, 阉, 閹, 庵, 痷, 匎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881
* Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 534, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5944
* Unihan data for U+FA7E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奄 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 庵 | *qoːm, *qoːb |
| 鵪 | *qoːm |
| 菴 | *qoːm, *qrom |
| 馣 | *qoːm |
| 晻 | *qoːmʔ, *qromʔ |
| 唵 | *qoːmʔ |
| 黤 | *qoːmʔ, *qraːmʔ |
| 埯 | *qaːmʔ, *qomʔ |
| 淹 | *qroːm, *qrom, *qom, *qoms |
| 閹 | *qrom, *qromʔ |
| 崦 | *qrom |
| 醃 | *qrom, *qom |
| 掩 | *qromʔ |
| 奄 | *qromʔ |
| 罨 | *qromʔ, *qoːb, *qob |
| 裺 | *qromʔ, *qoms |
| 俺 | *qromʔ, *qoms |
| 腌 | *qom, *qrob, *qob |
| 殗 | *qob |
| 餣 | *qob |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^2$
*** Yale: yím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
*** Tâi-lô: iám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jemX
Rime :
| Character | 奄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 衣儉切 |
| Baxter | 'jemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔjɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 奄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjem$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ(r)omʔ/ |
| English | cover |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 奄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14344 |
| Phonetic component | 奄 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 奄 |
| Old Chinese | /*qromʔ/ |

#### Definitions

奄
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover; to surround; to include
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily

#### Compounds

* 奄忽
* 奄息
* 奄欻
* 奄然
* 奄然而逝

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn, yān
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám / iam / am
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yān
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yan
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^1$
*** Yale: yīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
*** Tâi-lô: iám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
*** Tâi-lô: iam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
*** Tâi-lô: am
*** Phofsit Daibuun: afm
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

奄
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) feeble
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一息奄奄
* 奄奄 (yǎnyǎn)
* 奄奄一息
* 奄奄垂絕 / 奄奄垂绝
* 奄奄無力 / 奄奄无力
* 氣息奄奄 / 气息奄奄 (qìxīyānyān)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yān (yan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yān
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yan
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^1$
*** Yale: yīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

奄
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 閹 / 阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)

#### Compounds

* 奄尹
* 奄人 (yānrén)
* 奄宦
* 奄留
* 奄豎 / 奄竖

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* cover
* suffocate
* obstruct

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)、たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)
* Nanori: あま (ama)

## Korean
### Hanja

奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

奄: Hán Nôm readings: yêm, yểm, ăm, im, em
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

Từ Điển Hán Nôm