# 悾

| 悾 | U+60BE, &#24766; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60BE |
| ← 悽 [U+60BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 悿 → [U+60BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

悾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心十金一 (PJCM), four-corner 9301$_1$, composition ⿰忄空)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 389, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10746
* Dae Jaweon: page 723, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2319, character 3
* Unihan data for U+60BE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kōng (kong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kong
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$
*** Yale: kūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong
*** Tâi-lô: khong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: khuwng, khaewng, khuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 悾 | 悾 | 悾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 江 (9) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紅切 | 苦江切 | 苦貢切 |
| Baxter | khuwng | khaewng | khuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰˠʌŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰᵚɔŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰɔŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ/ | /kʰaɨwŋ/ | /kʰəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰɔŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰɔŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ/ | /kʰɔŋ/ | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kōng | qiāng | kòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ | hong$^1$ | hung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːŋ/, /*kʰoːŋ/, /*kʰoːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悾 | 悾 | 悾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4010 | 4041 | 4048 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腔 | 空 | 控 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰroːŋ/ | /*kʰoːŋ/ | /*kʰoːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

悾
* (literary) sincere
* (literary) empty

#### Compounds

* 悾悾
* 悾款
* 悾然

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǒng (kong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǒng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^3$
*** Yale: kǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

悾
* (historical dictionaries only) Only used in 悾憁 (“poverty-stricken; destitute”).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)、く (ku)
* Kun: まこと (makoto, 悾)

## Korean
### Hanja

悾 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.