# ἐκβάλλω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) +‎ βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɡ.bál.lɔː/ → /eɡˈβal.lo/ → /eɡˈva.lo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /eɡ.bál.lɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /eɡˈbal.lo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eɡˈβal.lo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /eɡˈval.lo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /eɡˈva.lo/

### Verb

ἐκβάλλω • (ekbállō)
* to throw or cast out of
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.39
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.436
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.481, (compare Herodotus, Histories 1.24)
** to throw ashore
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.278
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.44
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.170
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.113
*** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 20
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.101
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Lacritus 11
** to cast out of a place, banish
*** 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 160.19
*** 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 468D
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 873B
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 909C
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 430
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.103
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 646
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 770
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1477
** to expose on a desert island
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 257
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1388
*** 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 964
** to divorce
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Neaera 83
*** 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 16.29
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Neaera 63
** to cast out of one's seat, to depose
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 201
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 910
*** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 54E
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.3.9
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 649
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 808
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.5.6
** (in wrestling) to throw
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 678.13
** to dig wells
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pompey 32
* to strike out of
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.396
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 742
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.244
** to strike open, break in
*** 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1474
*** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1044
* to let fall
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.419
** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 629
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.324
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.503
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1662
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 473E
** 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 9.7
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.362
** 638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 14.2
** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 644
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1238
* to throw away, put aside, reject
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 631
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 636
** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 362.45
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1477
** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 127.13
** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 46B
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 849
** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 87
** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 337
** 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 525
* to lose, properly by one's own fault
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 649
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 965
** 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 404
* to produce, bear fruit
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 1131H
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Publicola 21
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 611.43
** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 252
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 242.32
** 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 749
* to put out, dislocate
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Fractures 773
* to put off
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 11.10.6
* (mathematics) to produce a line
** 350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 1.5.6
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Mechanics 2.2
** 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 1.31
* (intransitive) to go out, depart
** 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 96
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 2.8.25
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 113A

#### Inflection

The verb ἐκπίπτω (ekpíptō) can function as a passive of ἐκβάλλω.

#### Descendants

* → Greek: εκβάλλω (ekvállo) (learned)

### Further reading

* “ἐκβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἐκβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἐκβάλλω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἐκβάλλω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἐκβάλλω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἐκβάλλω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἐκβάλλω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G1544 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* ἐκβάλλω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften