# 闓

| 闓 | U+95D3, &#38355; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95D3 |
| ← 闒 [U+95D2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 闔 → [U+95D4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

闓 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 日弓山一廿 (ANUMT), four-corner 7710$_8$, composition ⿵門豈)

#### Derived characters

* 𭟥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1340, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41451
* Dae Jaweon: page 1844, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4313, character 1
* Unihan data for U+95D3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 闓 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 獃 | *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː |
| 剴 | *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl |
| 凱 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 愷 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 塏 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 鎧 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 颽 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 暟 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 闓 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 豈 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ |
| 隑 | *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl |
| 皚 | *ŋɯːl |
| 嵦 | *ŋɡɯːl |
| 敳 | *ŋɯːl |
| 磑 | *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls |
| 螘 | *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ |
| 覬 | *krɯls |
| 溰 | *ŋɯl |
| 顗 | *ŋɯlʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎi (kai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^2$ / hoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$ / hoi$^1$
*** Yale: hói / hōi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$ / hoi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$ / hoi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵/, /hɔːi̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khojX, khojH
Rime :
| Character | 闓 | 闓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦亥切 | 苦蓋切 |
| Baxter | khojX | khojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌi$^X$/ | /kʰʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəi$^X$/ | /kʰəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒi$^X$/ | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəj$^X$/ | /kʰəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀi$^X$/ | /kʰᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒi$^X$/ | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑ̆i$^X$/ | /kʰɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǎi | kài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^2$ | hoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/, /*ŋ̊ʰɯːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闓 | 闓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10108 | 10111 |
| Phonetic component | 豈 | 豈 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愷 | 磕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/ | /*ŋ̊ʰɯːls/ |

### Definitions

闓
* (literary) to open
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Jīn yù yǔ Hàn kǎi dàguān, qǔ Hàn nǚ wéi qī, suì jǐ wèi wǒ nièjiǔ wàn dàn, jì mǐ wǔ qiān hú, zá zēng wàn pǐ, tā rú gù yuē, zé biān bù xiàng dào yǐ. [Pinyin]
    "If you desire to establish a significant relationship with Han, tak[ing? e?] Han women as wives, annually provide us with ten thousand stones of rice wine, five thousand bushels of millet, and ten thousand pieces of mixed silk— if these terms are agreed upon, then there will be no thefts along the border."
* (literary) bright; clear
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 愷 / 恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”)

### Compounds

* 闓懌 / 闿怿
* 闓闡 / 闿阐

### References

* “闓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* open
* peaceful

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かい (kai)
* Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 闓く)

## Korean
### Hanja

闓 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.