OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# marmalade
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French marmelade, from Portuguese marmelada (“quince jam”), from marmelo (“quince”), from Latin melimēlum (“sweet apple”), from Ancient Greek μελίμηλον (melímēlon), from μέλι (méli, “honey”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”). A false folk etymology claims that this comes from the French phrase “Marie est malade” (“Mary is ill”), referring to Mary, Queen of Scots, falling ill and being given marmalade to feel better.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɑː.mə.leɪd/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmɑɹ.mə.leɪd/
* Hyphenation: mar‧ma‧lade
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

marmalade (countable and uncountable, plural marmalades)
* A kind of jam made with citrus fruit, distinguished by being made slightly bitter by the addition of the peel and by partial caramelisation during manufacture. Most commonly made with Seville oranges, and usually qualified by the name of the fruit when made with other types of fruit. [from late 15c.]
    lime marmalade
    thick cut marmalade
** Ellipsis of orange marmalade.
* (obsolete) quince jam

#### Hypernyms

* jam

#### Derived terms

* marmalade box
* marmalade dropper
* marmalade tree
* marmaladey
* marmalady

#### Translations
### Verb

marmalade (third-person singular simple present marmalades, present participle marmalading, simple past and past participle marmaladed)
* (transitive) To spread marmalade on.

#### Derived terms

* marmalader
* marmalading

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “Some well-known etymologies are too good to be true”, in The Economist‎, 2023 February 2, retrieved 2023-07-30, Culture
# ⲏⲣⲁ
## Coptic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἥρα (Hḗra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Sahidic) /ˈeːɾa/

### Proper noun

ⲧⲎⲣⲁ • (tĒra) f
* (Sahidic) Hera, queen of the Greek gods.
# y ar
## Middle Welsh
### Preposition

y ar (triggers lenition)
* from upon
** Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
    Ac yr guaret gormes hwnnw y arnaf—a hynny a elly yn haut—y keffy uyg kerennyd.
       And by removing this oppression from upon me—which you can easily do—you shall gain my friendship.

#### Inflection

* First-person singular: y arnaf
# ördək
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ȫrdek (“duck”). Cognate with Karakhanid اۥرْدَكْ (ördek), Turkish ördek, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [œrˈdæk]
* IPA: [œrˈdæç], [œrˈdæj]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ör‧dək

### Noun

ördək (definite accusative ördəyi, plural ördəklər)
* duck

#### Derived terms

* ördəkburun (“platypus”)

#### Descendants

* → Lezgi: уьрдег (ürdeg)
# Pulcheria
## English
### Etymology

From Latin Pulcheria.

### Proper noun

Pulcheria
* Aelia Pulcheria (398/399–453), Empress of the Roman Empire from 414 to 453.
# 該隱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Gāiyǐn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞ ㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goi$^1$ jan$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Kâi-yún
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Kai-ún
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Gāiyǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄞ ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Gaiyǐn
*** Wade–Giles: Kai$^1$-yin$^3$
*** Yale: Gāi-yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gaiyiin
*** Palladius: Гайинь (Gajinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaɪ̯⁵⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goi$^1$ jan$^2$
*** Yale: gōi yán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goi$^1$ jan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: goi$^1$ yen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kâi-yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: gai$^ˊ$ iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gai$^1$ yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kai̯²⁴ i̯un³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kâi-yún
*** Hakka Romanization System: gai$^ˊ$ (r)iun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gai$^1$ yun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kai̯²⁴ (j)i̯un³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kai-ún
*** Tâi-lô: Kai-ún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kai'uon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁴⁴⁻²² un⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³ un⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴⁻²² un⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai⁴⁴⁻³³ un⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴⁻³³ un⁴¹/

### Proper noun

該隱
* (Protestantism) Cain (the first son of Adam)
    From: 巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 創世記 (Genesis) 4:1
    Hit-lâng kā i ê bó͘ Hā-oa tâng-pâng; Hā-oa chiū hoâi-īn siⁿ Kai-ún, kóng, Góa tùi Iâ-hô-hoa pì-iū tit-tio̍h kiáⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she [Eve] conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the Lord.

#### Synonyms

| Branch | Words |
| Protestant | 該隱 |
| Roman Catholic | 加音 |
# Bunias
## Translingual
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin būnias (“kind of turnip”), from Ancient Greek βουνιάς (bouniás, “rapeseed”).

### Proper noun

Bunias f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Brassicaceae – certain flowering plants called wartycabbages.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, rosids, malvids – clades; Brassicales – order; Brassicaceae – family; Brassicoideae – subfamily; Buniadeae – tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Bunias erucago (crested wartycabbage, southern warty cabbage), Bunias orientalis (hill mustard, Turkish rocket, Turkish wartycabbage) – species

### References

* Bunias on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Bunias on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Bunias on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# estou
## Galician
### Verb

estou
* first-person singular present indicative of estar

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* tô (Brazil, nonstandard)
* istô (Brazil, eye dialect)
* tou (Portugal, eye dialect)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese estou, from Latin stō.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /isˈto(w)/ [isˈto(ʊ̯)], /esˈto(w)/ [esˈto(ʊ̯)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /isˈto(w)/ [isˈto(ʊ̯)], /esˈto(w)/ [esˈto(ʊ̯)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃˈto(w)/ [iʃˈto(ʊ̯)], /eʃˈto(w)/ [eʃˈto(ʊ̯)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /esˈto(w)/ [esˈto(ʊ̯)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃˈto(w)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃˈto(w)/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃˈtow/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃˈto/
* Rhymes: -ow, -o
* Hyphenation: es‧tou

### Interjection

estou
* (Portugal) hello (a greeting used when answering the telephone)
    Synonym: (Brazil) alô

### Verb

estou
* first-person singular present indicative of estar
** 2005, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enígma do Príncipe, Rocco, page 19:Estou perfeitamente satisfeito com a segurança que tenho [...]I am perfectly satisfied with the security I have [...]
** 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 375:Confiem em mim. Sei o que estou fazendo...Trust me. I know what I'm doing...
# trilinearity
## English
### Etymology

From trilinear +‎ -ity.

### Noun

trilinearity (countable and uncountable, plural trilinearities)
* The condition of being trilinear
# agname
## English
### Etymology

From Latin agnomen, with the second element replaced with name.

### Noun

agname (plural agnames)
* An appellation over and above the given name and surname.

#### Synonyms

* agnomen

#### Derived terms

* agnamed

### References

* “agname”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Meagan, manage
# agnathan
## English
### Etymology

From Agnatha, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “without”) + γνάθος (gnáthos, “jaw”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ăgʹnə-thən, ăg-năthʹən
* IPA: /ˈæɡ.nə.θən/, /æɡˈnæθ.ən/

### Adjective

agnathan (not comparable)
* (zoology) Belonging or pertaining to the superclass Agnatha, the jawless vertebrates.
** 2005, Tim Haines, Paul Chambers, The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, BBC Books, page 20:Haikouichthys is one of three species of jawless (or agnathan) fish to be found in the Early Cambrian period.

### Noun

agnathan (plural agnathans)
* (zoology) A member of the superclass Agnatha of jawless vertebrates.
** 1956, D. R. Newth, “On the Neural Crest of the Lamprey Embryo”, in Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, volume 4, page 358:Thus should the cranial neural crest in cyclostomes prove to be non-skeletogenous this might be a reflection either of its own primitiveness or of the different evolutionary origins and morphological status of the visceral skeleton in agnathans and gnathostomes.
** 1992, Peter J. Hanley et al., “Hagfish Humoral Defense Protein Exhibits Structural and Functional Homology with Mammalian Complement Components”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 89, page 7910:The hagfish is an agnathan, a modern representative of the earliest evolved group of vertebrates, the ostracoderms or jawless fishes, which arose prior to the ancient placoderms (3).

#### Synonyms

* agnath
* agnatha

#### Hypernyms

* vertebrate

#### Hyponyms

* cyclostome
* ostracoderm

#### Coordinate terms

* gnathostome
# agnathia
## English
### Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “without”) + γνάθος (gnáthos, “jaw”) +‎ -ia.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ăg-nāʹthi-ə, IPA: /æɡˈneɪ.θi.ə/

### Noun

agnathia (uncountable)
* (pathology) A birth defect in which the mandible is missing.
** 1831, William West, translation of Gabriel Andral, A Treatise on Pathological Anatomy, Hodges and Smith, volume 2, page 283:
    When there is agnathia, instead of the inferior maxillary bone we find nothing but a kind of tubercle formed of skin, cellular tissue, fat, and some few muscular fibres.
** 1907, Francis Delafield and T. Mitchell Prudden, A Text-Book of Pathology, eighth edition, William Wood, page 304
    The lower jaw may be absent (agnathia).
** 2006, Mark I. Evans et al., Prenatal Diagnosis, McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 240:As such, it is often accompanied by agnathia, a congenital absence of the mandible[…].

#### Related terms

* agnath
* agnatha
* agnathan
* agnathous

#### Translations
### References

* “agnathia”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
# бессознательный
## Russian
### Etymology

First attested in 1832. бес- (bes-) +‎ созна́ние (soznánije) +‎ -тельный (-telʹnyj), probably, a calque of German bewusstlos or besinnungslos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲɪsːɐzˈnatʲɪlʲnɨj]

### Adjective

бессозна́тельный • (bessoznátelʹnyj) (comparative (по)бессозна́тельнее or (по)бессозна́тельней)
* unconscious
** 1847, Фёдор Достоевский [Fyodor Dostoevsky], “Часть первая. I”, in Хозяйка; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., The Landlady, 1914:Ве́чер был осе́нний, холо́дный и мра́чный; молодо́й челове́к был заду́мчив, и кака́я-то бессозна́тельная грусть надрыва́ла его́ се́рдце.Véčer byl osénnij, xolódnyj i mráčnyj; molodój čelovék byl zadúmčiv, i kakája-to bessoznátelʹnaja grustʹ nadryvála jevó sérdce.It was a cold, gloomy, autumn evening; the young man was dreamy and his heart was torn with a sort of unconscious sadness.
* involuntary, instinctive

#### Derived terms

* бессозна́тельно (bessoznátelʹno)
* бессозна́тельное n inan (bessoznátelʹnoje)
* бессозна́тельность f inan (bessoznátelʹnostʹ)

### References

* Arapova, N. S. (2000) “бессознательный”, in Kalʹki v russkom jazyke poslepetrovskovo perioda. Opyt slovarja [Calques in Post-Petrine Russian. An Essay of a Dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 55
# ara ara
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese あらあら (Japanese for "oh dear"), popularized around March 2019.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Interjection

ara ara
* (Internet slang) Used to express admiration or a typical reaction, often used in women speech.
    ara ara, are you alone, little boy?

## Japanese
### Romanization

ara ara
* Rōmaji transcription of あらあら

## Turkish
### Etymology

Reduplication of ara (“interval, space or time between two things”). Compare Kazakh ара-арасында (ara-arasynda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈɾa.a.ɾa/
* Hyphenation: a‧ra‧a‧ra

### Adverb

ara ara
* from time to time, sometimes
    Synonyms: zaman zaman, vakit vakit, ara sıra, arada, arada bir, bir ara, bazen
    Televizyon yayını ara ara kesildi. ― The television broadcast was interrupted from time to time.

#### Related terms

* ara bozucu
* ara bulucu
* arada kalmak
* aradan çıkarmak
* aralık
* arayüz

### Further reading

* “ara ara”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ara ara”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 271
# agrestic
## English
### Alternative forms

* agrestick (obsolete, rare)

### Etymology

From Latin agrestis (“rustic, boorish, wild”) (from ager (“a field, a farm”)) +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

agrestic (comparative more agrestic, superlative most agrestic)
* Of or pertaining to the fields; rural; rustic, unpolished
    The author's early days were filled with agrestic surroundings.
** 2019, Vansire (lyrics and music), “Metamodernity”, in Metamodernity:With agrestic charm / It’s humid in the midwest

#### Coordinate terms

* ruderal

#### See also

* agricultural
* rural
* rustic

### Anagrams

* cigarets, ergastic
# Éi
## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɜɪ̯]
* Homophone: éi

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German eher, from Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ. The development of the form may have been as follows: Middle High German eher was a neuter and yielded Luxembourgish *Éier or (with a linking sound) Éijer, Éiger, originally singular and plural. Some dialects then reconstrued this form as a feminine singular (as in German Ähre), others backformed a new singular Éi, Éich. Ultimately these last also became feminine and accordingly received the plural Éien. Another dialectal variant is Acher, Aacher f with lack of umlaut and unusual -ch- from West Germanic -h- (possibly from a geminated *ahhaʀ; compare Old English æhher).

#### Noun

Éi f (plural Éien)
* ear (of corn)

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German ē, from Proto-West Germanic *aiw. Cognate with German Ehe.

#### Noun

Éi f (plural Éien)
* (archaic) marriage
    Synonym: Mariage

## Tlingit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /éː/

### Letter

Éi (lower case éi)
* (US) A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    Synonym: Ê

#### See also

* Canada:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à, Â â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
* US:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․
# elat
## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* elate, ellat

### Etymology

From Latin ēlātus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛːˈlaːt/

### Adjective

elat
* Pompous, elate, exultant, vain.
* (rare) Sublime, awe-worthy.

#### Descendants

* English: elate

#### References

* “ēlāt, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-16.

## Tenggarong Kutai Malay
### Etymology

Compare Javanese ꦲꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (ilat, “tongue”), Sundanese ilat (“tongue”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /elat/

### Noun

elat
* tongue
# 割店
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koah-tiàm
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah-tiàm
*** Tâi-lô: kuah-tiàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koahdiaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiam²¹/

### Noun

割店
* (Xiamen Hokkien, dated) wholesale trading company

#### See also

* (Hokkien) 割市
# Ліван
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʲiˈʋan]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Ліва́н • (Liván) m inan (genitive Ліва́ну, uncountable, relational adjective ліва́нський)
* Lebanon (a country in Western Asia)
    Synonym: Ліва́нська Респу́бліка (Livánsʹka Respúblika) (official name)

#### Declension
### See also

* Азербайджа́н (Azerbajdžán)
* Афганіста́н (Afhanistán)
* Бангладе́ш (Banhladéš)
* Бахре́йн (Baxréjn)
* Бруне́й (Brunéj)
* Бута́н (Bután)
* В'єтна́м (Vʺjetnám)
* Вірме́нія (Virménija)
* Гру́зія (Hrúzija)
* Єги́пет (Jehýpet)
* Є́мен (Jémen)
* Ізра́їль (Izrájilʹ)
* І́ндія (Índija)
* Індоне́зія (Indonézija)
* Іра́к (Irák)
* Іра́н (Irán)
* Йорда́нія (Jordánija)
* Казахста́н (Kazaxstán)
* Камбо́джа (Kambódža)
* Ка́тар (Kátar)
* Киргизста́н (Kyrhyzstán)
* Кита́й (Kytáj)
* Кіпр (Kipr)
* Куве́йт (Kuvéjt)
* Лао́с (Laós)
* Ліва́н (Liván)
* М'я́нма (Mʺjánma)
* Мала́йзія (Malájzija)
* Мальді́ви (Malʹdívy)
* Монго́лія (Monhólija)
* Непа́л (Nepál)
* Об'є́днані Ара́бські Еміра́ти (Obʺjédnani Arábsʹki Emiráty)
* Ома́н (Omán)
* Пакиста́н (Pakystán)
* Півде́нна Коре́я (Pivdénna Koréja)
* Півні́чна Коре́я (Pivníčna Koréja)
* Росі́я (Rosíja)
* Сау́дівська Ара́вія (Saúdivsʹka Arávija)
* Си́рія (Sýrija)
* Сінгапу́р (Sinhapúr)
* Схі́дний Тимо́р (Sxídnyj Tymór)
* Таджикиста́н (Tadžykystán)
* Таїла́нд (Tajilánd)
* Туре́ччина (Turéččyna)
* Туркменістан (Turkmenistan)
* Узбекиста́н (Uzbekystán)
* Філіппі́ни (Filippíny)
* Шрі-Ланка́ (Šri-Lanká)
* Япо́нія (Japónija)

### References

* “Ліван”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# ꦲꦶꦭꦠ꧀
## Javanese
### Etymology

From Old Javanese ilat, hilat (“tongue”). Cognate to Sundanese ilat, Tenggarong Kutai Malay elat.

### Noun

ꦲꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (ilat) (krama-ngoko)
* (anatomy) tongue
    Synonym: (krama inggil) ꦭꦶꦝꦃ (lidhah)
* wooden peg used to regulate the flow of water in a pipe.

### References

* The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “ilat”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN
* "ilat" in Elinor Clark Horne, Javanese-English Dictionary. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1974
# ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati).

### Proper noun

ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ • (brhisapat) m (Shahmukhi spelling برہسپت)
* (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bṛhaspati
* Jupiter (planet)

#### See also

* planets of the Solar System: ਸੂਰਜ ਮੰਡਲ ਦੇ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ (sūraj maṇḍal de grhi): ਬੁੱਧ (buddha) · ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰ (śukkar) · ਧਰਤੀ (dhartī) · ਮੰਗਲ (maṅgal) · ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ (brhisapat) · ਸ਼ਨੀ (śanī) · ਯੁਰੇਨਸ (yurenas) · ਵਰੁਣ (varuṇ)

### Further reading

* “ਬ੍ਰਹਿਸਪਤ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# 燌

| 燌 | U+71CC, &#29132; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71CC |
| ← 燋 [U+71CB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燍 → [U+71CD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

燌 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火十廿金 (FJTC), composition ⿰火賁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19411
* Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2232, character 2
* Unihan data for U+71CC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 賁 | *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn |
| 蟦 | *bɯl, *bɯlʔ, *bɯls |
| 膹 | *bɯlʔ, *bɯnʔ |
| 橨 | *bɯlʔ, *bɯn |
| 奔 | *pɯːn, *pɯːns |
| 錛 | *pɯːn |
| 噴 | *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns |
| 濆 | *pʰɯːn, *bɯn |
| 歕 | *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns |
| 獖 | *bɯːnʔ |
| 餴 | *pɯn |
| 饙 | *pɯn |
| 僨 | *pɯns |
| 墳 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 燌 | *bɯn |
| 豶 | *bɯn |
| 羵 | *bɯn |
| 蕡 | *bɯn |
| 鐼 | *bɯn, *hmɯns |
| 馩 | *bɯn |
| 轒 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 鼖 | *bɯn |
| 憤 | *bɯnʔ |
| 鱝 | *bɯnʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fén (fen$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fén
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fén
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^2$
*** Yale: fén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fern
*** Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^4$
*** Yale: fàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: bjun
Rime :
| Character | 燌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符分切 |
| Baxter | bjun |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bun/ |
| Li Rong | /biuən/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 456 |
| Phonetic component | 奔 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汾 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯn/ |

### Definitions

燌
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 焚 (fén, “to burn”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ふん (fun)、ほん (hon)、ふん (fun)
* Kun: たく (taku)、やく (yaku)
# 茓

| 茓 | U+8313, &#33555; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8313 |
| ← 茒 [U+8312] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茔 → [U+8314] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茓 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十金 (TJC), composition ⿱艹穴)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1027, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8313

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 穴 (OC *ɡʷliːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xué (xue$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeh$^7$ / hyeh$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xué
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syué
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^2$
*** Yale: sywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
*** Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyut$^6$
*** Yale: yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːt̚²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøʔ²⁴/

### Definitions

茓
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of long and narrow mat

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “茓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.