# 邇

| 邇 | U+9087, &#36999; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9087 |
| ← 邆 [U+9086] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 邈 → [U+9088] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 迩 |
| Simplified | 迩 |
| Traditional | 邇 |

### Han character

邇 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜一火月 (YMFB), four-corner 3130$_2$, composition ⿺辶爾)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1267, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39193
* Dae Jaweon: page 1765, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3891, character 11
* Unihan data for U+9087

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嬭 | *rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ |
| 禰 | *niːlʔ |
| 镾 | *niːlʔ, *mnel |
| 薾 | *niːlʔ |
| 檷 | *niːlʔ |
| 鑈 | *niːlʔ, *neːb |
| 瀰 | *niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ |
| 獼 | *mnel |
| 瓕 | *mnel |
| 彌 | *mnel |
| 鸍 | *mnel, *hnjel |
| 擟 | *mnel |
| 濔 | *mnelʔ |
| 壐 | *smlelʔ |
| 璽 | *smlelʔ |
| 爾 | *njelʔ |
| 邇 | *njelʔ |
| 獮 | *smlenʔ |
| 籋 | *neb, *neːb |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”), Mizo hnai (“near”), Jingpho ni (ni³¹, “near”), Burmese နီး (ni:, “bear near; be close”), 暱 (OC *niɡ, “intimate; close”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěr (er$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ní / jíⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): re$^2$ / ru$^2$ / ni$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$
*** Yale: ěr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
*** Palladius: эр (er)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^5$
*** Yale: yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
*** Tâi-lô: ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jíⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: jínn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jvie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zĩ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: re$^2$ / ru$^2$ / ni$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ́ / jú / ní
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zɯ⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵²/, /ni⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: nyeX
Rime :
| Character | 邇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 兒氏切 |
| Baxter | nyeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ěr |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə][r]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njelʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ěr |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nye$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n[ə][r]ʔ/ |
| English | near |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 邇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2818 |
| Phonetic component | 爾 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爾 |
| Old Chinese | /*njelʔ/ |

### Definitions

邇 (literary)
* near; close
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Wénwáng shì mín rú shāng, wàng dào ér wèi zhī jiàn. Wǔwáng bù xiè ěr, bù wàng yuǎn. [Pinyin]
    King Wen saw the people as if they were wounded [and in need of help], and gazed at the Way as if he could not see it yet. King Wu did not take liberties with the near, nor did he forget the distant.
* to approach; to come close to
* shallow; easy to understand
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Shùn hǎo wèn ér hǎo chá ěr yán, yǐn è ér yáng shàn, zhí qí liǎng duān, yòng qí zhōng yú mín, qí sī yǐwèi shùn hū! [Pinyin]
    Shun loved to inquire about things, and to investigate [even] shallow words. He concealed the bad [things in their words] and displayed the good. He took hold of their two extremes and used their mean for the people. This was what made Shun Shun!

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 近, 邇 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 近 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 近 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 近 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 近 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 近 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 近 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 近 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 近 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 近 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 近 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 近 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 近 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 近 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 近 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 近 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 近 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 近 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 近 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 近 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 近 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 近 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 近 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 近 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 近 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 近 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 近 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 近 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 近 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 近 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 近 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 近 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 近 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 近 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 近 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 近 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 近 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 近 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 近 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 近 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 近 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 近 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 近 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 近 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 近 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 近 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 近 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 近 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 近 |
| Wu | Danyang | 近 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 近 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 近 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 近 |

#### Compounds

* 不可向邇 / 不可向迩 (bùkěxiàng'ěr)
* 名傳遐邇 / 名传遐迩
* 名聞遐邇 / 名闻遐迩
* 室邇人遐 / 室迩人遐
* 室邇人遠 / 室迩人远
* 密邇 / 密迩
* 柔遠能邇 / 柔远能迩
* 聞名遐邇 / 闻名遐迩 (wénmíngxiá'ěr)
* 行遠自邇 / 行远自迩
* 遐邇 / 遐迩 (xiá'ěr)
* 遐邇一體 / 遐迩一体
* 遐邇聞名 / 遐迩闻名 (xiá'ěrwénmíng)
* 遐邇著聞 / 遐迩著闻
* 邇來 / 迩来 (ěrlái)
* 邇言 / 迩言

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “迩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 迩 |
| Kyūjitai | 邇 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 迩)
* approach
* near, close

#### Readings

* Go-on: に (ni)
* Kan-on: じ (ji)
* Kun: ちかい (chikai, 邇い)
* Nanori: ちか (chika)

#### Compounds

* 邇芸(にぎ)速(はや)日(ひの)命(みこと) (Nigihayahi no mikoto)
* 邇邇(にに)芸(ぎの)命(みこと) (Ninigi no mikoto)
* 邇言(じげん) (jigen)
* 伊邇(いに)色神社(しきじんじゃ) (Inishiki Jinja)
* 遠邇(えんじ) (enji)
* 波邇夜須毘(はにやすび)古(この)神(かみ) (Haniyasubiko no kami)
* 和邇(わに) (Wani)
* 遠(とお)きに行(ゆ)くは必(かなら)ず邇(ちか)きよりす (tōki ni yuku wa kanarazu chikaki yori su)

## Korean
### Hanja

邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.