# 憨

| 憨 | U+61A8, &#25000; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61A8 |
| ← 憧 [U+61A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 憩 → [U+61A9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

憨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一大心 (MKP) or 弓大心 (NKP) or 難一大心 (XMKP) or 難弓大心 (XNKP), four-corner 1833$_4$, composition ⿱敢心)

#### Derived characters

* 𠐣, 𥷌, 𤼉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 403, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11244
* Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2343, character 14
* Unihan data for U+61A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撖 | *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 澉 | *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ |
| 噉 | *l'aːmʔ |
| 敢 | *klaːmʔ |
| 橄 | *klaːmʔ |
| 瞰 | *kʰlaːms |
| 闞 | *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms |
| 憨 | *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 譀 | *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb |
| 巖 | *ŋraːm |
| 礹 | *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ |
| 豃 | *qʰraːmʔ |
| 讝 | *kjam |
| 玁 | *hŋramʔ |
| 嚴 | *ŋam |
| 儼 | *ŋamʔ |
| 曮 | *ŋamʔ |
| 釅 | *ŋams |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hān (han$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ham
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hān
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: han
*** Wade–Giles: han$^1$
*** Yale: hān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: han$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
*** Sinological IPA : /xan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^1$
*** Yale: hām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ham$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ham$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
*** Tâi-lô: ham
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xam, hamH
Rime :
| Character | 憨 | 憨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼談切 | 下瞰切 |
| Baxter | xam | hamH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑm/ | /ɦɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑm/ | /ɦɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑm/ | /ɣɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ham/ | /ɦam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑm/ | /ɣɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑm/ | /ɣɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑm/ | /ɣɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hān | hàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^1$ | ham$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːm/, /*qʰlaːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 憨 | 憨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3679 | 3680 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蚶 | 憨 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːm/ | /*qʰlaːms/ |

#### Definitions

憨
* foolish; stupid; silly
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) simple; naive; innocent
    憨厚 ― hānhòu ― simple and honest; straightforward
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) coarse
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 半憨子
* 太憨生
* 嬌憨 / 娇憨 (jiāohān)
* 憨厚 (hānhòu)
* 憨子 (hānzi)
* 憨寢 / 憨寝
* 憨態 / 憨态
* 憨憨
* 憨狀可掬 / 憨状可掬
* 憨皮
* 憨直 (hānzhí)
* 憨笑
* 憨錢 / 憨钱
* 憨頑 / 憨顽
* 淘氣憨頑 / 淘气憨顽
* 獃憨獃 / 呆憨呆
* 老憨
* 裝憨 / 装憨
* 裝憨打呆 / 装憨打呆

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 憨 – see 戇 (“(Min Nan) stupid”). (This character is a variant form of 戇).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* foolish
* silly
* coquettish

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)
* Kun: おろか (oroka)

## Korean
### Hanja

憨 (eum 감 (gam))
* stupid
* silly

## Vietnamese
### Han character

憨: Hán Nôm readings: hám
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.