# 叵

| 叵 | U+53F5, &#21493; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F5 |
| ← 叴 [U+53F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 叶 → [U+53F6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

叵 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸口 (SR), four-corner 7171$_6$, composition ⿷匚口)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3254
* Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 82, character 3
* Unihan data for U+53F5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

A mirror image of 可.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pǒ (po$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): po$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): por$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phó͘ / phó
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pǒ
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^3$
*** Yale: pwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poo
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: po$^2$
*** Yale: pó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: po$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: po$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔː³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: por$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: por$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phó͘
*** Tâi-lô: phóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phor
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phó
*** Tâi-lô: phó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoir
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰo⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: phaX
Rime :
| Character | 叵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 普火切 |
| Baxter | phaX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰwa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pǒ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | po$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pkʰaːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 叵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9833 |
| Phonetic component | 叵 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 叵 |
| Old Chinese | /*pkʰaːlʔ/ |

### Definitions

叵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Contraction of 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; to be unable to; to be impossible to”).
    居心叵測／居心叵测 ― jūxīnpǒcè ― to harbor sinister intentions difficult to guess
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thereupon
* Used in 叵羅／叵罗 (pǒluó).

### Compounds

* 人心叵測 / 人心叵测 (rénxīnpǒcè)
* 叵信
* 叵奈
* 叵測 / 叵测 (pǒcè)
* 叵羅 / 叵罗 (pǒluó)
* 叵耐 (pǒnài)
* 居心叵測 / 居心叵测 (jūxīnpǒcè)
* 心懷叵測 / 心怀叵测 (xīnhuáipǒcè)

### References

* “叵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “叵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cannot, be unable to

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): は (ha)
* Kun: できない (dekinai)、すこぶる (sukoburu)、ついに (tsuini)

## Korean
### Hanja

叵 (eum 파 (pa))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

叵: Hán Nôm readings: phả
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.