# asal
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish asar.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧sal

### Verb

asal
* to roast, especially a whole animal

### Noun

asal
* roasting; the act by which something is roasted

### Derived terms

* aslanan
* aslonon
* inasal
* mangasalay

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

asal
* manure

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asli

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.sal/
* Rhymes: -sal
* Hyphenation: a‧sal

### Noun

asal
* origin
** the beginning of something
** the source of a river, information, goods, etc.

### Preposition

asal
* if (on the condition that)
    Synonyms: asalkan, apabila, jika, kalau

### Adverb

asal
* (uncommon) from the beginning; from the start
    Synonym: semula

### Adjective

asal (colloquial)
* careless (not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes)

#### Derived terms

* asal-asalan
* asalkan
* berasal
* seasal
* asal jadi
* asal muasal
* asal mula
* asal-usul

### Further reading

* “asal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* aiseal

### Etymology

From Middle Irish asal, from Latin asellus (“small or young donkey”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈɑsˠəl̪ˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈɑsˠəlˠ/
* (Cois Fharraige, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /ˈasˠəlˠ/, /ˈasˠəl̪ˠ/

### Noun

asal m (genitive singular asail, nominative plural asail)
* ass, donkey

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
asal
asail
vocative
a asail
a asala
genitive
asail
asal
dative
asal
asail
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-asal
na hasail
genitive
an asail
na n-asal
dative
leis an asal don asal
leis na hasail :
* Archaic dative plural: asalaibh

#### Derived terms

* láir asail (“she-ass”)
* searrach asail (“donkey’s foal”)
* stail asail (“jackass”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “asal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 184, page 92
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 11
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 129, page 49

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “asal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “asal”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 42
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “asal”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “asal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Javanese
### Noun

asal
* origin

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). doublet of asli. Sense of interrogation extended from conjunction with overlap from elision of apa pasal or apasal from apa (“what”) +‎ pasal (“cause, subject”).

### Noun

asal (Jawi spelling اصل, plural asal-usul, informal 1st possessive asalku, 2nd possessive asalmu, 3rd possessive asalnya)
* origin, source
    Synonyms: pangkal, punca
* genealogy, descent, ancestry
    Synonyms: keturunan, salasilah, silsilah
* (colloquial) why
    Asal kau makan makanan aku?Why did you eat my food?

### Adjective

asal (Jawi spelling اصل)
* original state or condition.
    Tulang buku tu saya dah baiki sedekat keadaan asalnya yang mungkin.I've fixed the book's spine as close to its original condition as possible.
* native, indigenous to a place.
    Orang asal tempat tu dah lama tuntut wang pampasan tanah adat, tapi berapa kali rayu pun kerajaan tak peduli.The natives have long asked for compensation over their customary lands, but the government don't even care a single plead.

#### Derived terms

* berasal
* asali
* asalkan

#### Related terms

* asli

### Conjunction

asal
* as long as, only if, provided that, providing
    Synonyms: asalkan, selagi, selama

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: asal
* → Ternate: asal

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “اصلي açal”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 10
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “اصلي asal”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 17
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “asal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 48

### Further reading

* “asal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mansaka
### Noun

asal
* ancestry; lineage

## Romani
### Alternative forms

* assal, hasal

### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa हसइ (hasaï), from Prakrit 𑀳𑀲𑀇 (hasaï), from Sanskrit हसति (hásati). Cognate with Hindi हँसना (hãsnā).

### Verb

asal
* (intransitive) to laugh
    Sosqe asan manθar? ― Why are they laughing at me?

### References

* 1 2 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “asál¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 11a
* 1 2 Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 36, 40
* ↑ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “as/al, -àndilo¹ ÷ -àndilǎs¹ ≈ àjas²³”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 65b
* ↑ Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “asal (asanilǎs / asandǎs)”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 146b

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hásati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 811

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* aiseal

### Etymology

From Middle Irish asal, from Latin asellus (“small or young donkey”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈas̪al̪ˠ/

### Noun

asal m (genitive singular asail, plural asalan)
* donkey, ass

#### Derived terms

* asal-stiallach (“zebra”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “asal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “conduct; custom; practice”). Compare Malay cara.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔasal/ [ˈʔaː.sɐl]
* Rhymes: -asal
* Syllabification: a‧sal

#### Noun

asal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜎ᜔)
* conduct; behavior
    Synonyms: gawi, kilos, ugali, asta
* (obsolete) custom
    Synonyms: gawi, kaugalian
* (obsolete) ancient rites and ceremonies
* (obsolete) skill that one has in something that he does
* (obsolete) maternal status

##### Derived terms

* asal-demonyo
* asal-Hudas
* asalin
* kaasalan
* kagandahang-asal
* katapatang-asal
* mag-asal
* magmasamang-asal
* palaasalan
* umasal

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish asar (“roast”), from Latin assāre. Possible doublet of asar.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈsal/ [ʔɐˈsal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: a‧sal

#### Noun

asál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜎ᜔)
* (uncommon) roasting (of food, etc.)
    Synonyms: ihaw, letson, (Laguna, Batangas, Quezon) bangi
* (dialectal, Quezon) roasting of fish using a spit or skewer

##### Derived terms

* asalan
* asalin
* iasal
* inasal
* mag-asal
* umasal

##### Related terms

* asado
* asador

##### See also

* lablab

### Further reading

* “asal”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “asal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 51
* Manuel, E. Arsenio (1971) A Lexicographic Study of Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon Province, Quezon City: Diliman Review, page 37
* Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎ (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 17
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
** page 80: “Aſar) Aſal (pc) coſa [espetada] en algo”
** page 197: “Coſtumbre) Aſal (pp) buena o mala”
** page 407: “Maña) Aſal (pp) que tiene vno en algo que haze.”
** page 533: “Ritos) Aſal (pp) y çeremonias antiguas”
** page 604: “Vſo) Aſal (pp) y coſtumbre”

### Anagrams

* laas, alsa, alas, sala, lasa

## Ternate
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a.ˈsal]

### Noun

asal
* origin

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Adjective

asal
* (chemistry) noble (gas)
* (linguistics) cardinal
* (mathematics) prime (number)

#### Synonyms

* esasi

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَسَل (ʕasal).

### Noun

asal (plural asallar)
* honey

## West Makian
### Etymology

From Indonesian asal, from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.s̪al̪/

### Noun

asal
* the contents or topic (of something)

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics