# suma
## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̺uma/ [s̺u.ma]
* Rhymes: -uma, -a
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish suma (“sum”).

#### Noun

suma inan
* (dated) amount, quantity
    Synonym: kopuru

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

suma inan
* smell (sense)
    Synonym: usaimen

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “suma”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “suma”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈsu.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈsu.ma]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

suma f (plural sumes)
* sum

##### Derived terms

* en suma

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

suma
* inflection of sumar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Cebuano
### Etymology 1

From Spanish suma, from Latin summa.

#### Verb

suma
* to reckon
* to tabulate

### Etymology 2

Unknown.

#### Adjective

suma
* according to

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sum(p)a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈs̠umɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -umɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Noun

suma
* logjam
    Synonym: jumi
* traffic jam
    Synonym: ruuhka
* (figuratively, in compounds) accumulation, bunch
    kolarisuma ― pile-up

#### Declension

Possessive forms of suma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumani
sumani
accusative
nom.
sumani
sumani
gen.
sumani
genitive
sumani
sumieni sumaini $^{rare}$
partitive
sumaani
sumiani
inessive
sumassani
sumissani
elative
sumastani
sumistani
illative
sumaani
sumiini
adessive
sumallani
sumillani
ablative
sumaltani
sumiltani
allative
sumalleni
sumilleni
essive
sumanani
suminani
translative
sumakseni
sumikseni
abessive
sumattani
sumittani
instructive
comitative
—sumineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumasi
sumasi
accusative
nom.
sumasi
sumasi
gen.
sumasi
genitive
sumasi
sumiesi sumaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
sumaasi
sumiasi
inessive
sumassasi
sumissasi
elative
sumastasi
sumistasi
illative
sumaasi
sumiisi
adessive
sumallasi
sumillasi
ablative
sumaltasi
sumiltasi
allative
sumallesi
sumillesi
essive
sumanasi
suminasi
translative
sumaksesi
sumiksesi
abessive
sumattasi
sumittasi
instructive
comitative
—suminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumamme
sumamme
accusative
nom.
sumamme
sumamme
gen.
sumamme
genitive
sumamme
sumiemme sumaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
sumaamme
sumiamme
inessive
sumassamme
sumissamme
elative
sumastamme
sumistamme
illative
sumaamme
sumiimme
adessive
sumallamme
sumillamme
ablative
sumaltamme
sumiltamme
allative
sumallemme
sumillemme
essive
sumanamme
suminamme
translative
sumaksemme
sumiksemme
abessive
sumattamme
sumittamme
instructive
comitative
—suminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumanne
sumanne
accusative
nom.
sumanne
sumanne
gen.
sumanne
genitive
sumanne
sumienne sumainne $^{rare}$
partitive
sumaanne
sumianne
inessive
sumassanne
sumissanne
elative
sumastanne
sumistanne
illative
sumaanne
sumiinne
adessive
sumallanne
sumillanne
ablative
sumaltanne
sumiltanne
allative
sumallenne
sumillenne
essive
sumananne
suminanne
translative
sumaksenne
sumiksenne
abessive
sumattanne
sumittanne
instructive
comitative
—suminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sumansa
sumansa
accusative
nom.
sumansa
sumansa
gen.
sumansa
genitive
sumansa
sumiensa sumainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
sumaansa
sumiaan sumiansa
inessive
sumassaan sumassansa
sumissaan sumissansa
elative
sumastaan sumastansa
sumistaan sumistansa
illative
sumaansa
sumiinsa
adessive
sumallaan sumallansa
sumillaan sumillansa
ablative
sumaltaan sumaltansa
sumiltaan sumiltansa
allative
sumalleen sumallensa
sumilleen sumillensa
essive
sumanaan sumanansa
suminaan suminansa
translative
sumakseen sumaksensa
sumikseen sumiksensa
abessive
sumattaan sumattansa
sumittaan sumittansa
instructive
comitative
—sumineen suminensa :

#### Derived terms

* sumautua
* kolarisuma
* tukkisuma

### Further reading

* “suma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* Samu, masu, musa, usma

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuma/ [ˈs̺u.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

suma f (plural sumas)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

suma
* inflection of sumir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Gothic
### Romanization

suma
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌰

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

Perhaps from Portuguese assim + como ("thus how").

### Adverb

suma
* because

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сума (suma).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈs̠umɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈʃumɑ]
* Rhymes: -umɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Noun

suma
* bag
** 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 22:Siso ompeli suman.Sis sewed the bag.
** 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 75:Ohotnikka otti jänistä käpälist ja pani summaa.The hunter took the hare by the legs and put it in the bag.
** 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:Valja otti suman, pani bukvarin summaa ja laati paljton päälle.Valja took [her] bag, put a primer into the bag and put an overcoat on.

#### Derived terms

* jäsensuma
* kirjasuma

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

## Italian
### Verb

suma
* inflection of sumere:
** first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* musa

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin summa. The religious sense is borrowed from Polish suma.

### Noun

sumà f (plural sùmos) stress pattern 4
* (mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)
* sum (quantity of money)
* (Catholicism) noon mass on a holy day; High Mass

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Rolandas Kregždys (2016) “sumà”, in Lietuvių kalbos polonizmų žodynas [Dictionary of Polish loanwords in Lithuanian]‎, page 156

### Further reading

* “suma”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “suma”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025

## Norn
### Etymology

From Old Norse svimma, svima, from Proto-Germanic *swimmaną.

### Verb

suma
* to swim, float

## Old English
### Pronoun

suma
* feminine nominative/accusative plural of sum

## Old Norse
### Pronoun

suma
* inflection of sumr:
** feminine accusative singular
** masculine accusative plural

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin summa. First attested in the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /suma/
* IPA: (15th CE) /suma/

### Noun

suma f
* (attested in Masovia) sum (quantity of money)
** 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:Czy vbodzy slyachczycy... o pewney svmmye pyenyądzi (de certa summa pecuniae) szą gednayą z nymy[Ci ubodzy ślachcicy... o pewnej summie pieniędzy (de certa summa pecuniae) się jednają z nimi]
** 1950 [1437], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 493, Warsaw:Jakom ya nye ranczyl Jsakowi gyenyey kopy geno s they szumy, czo w xøgach m[y]a[Jakom ja nie ręczył Izakowi jeniej kopy jeno z tej sumy, co w księgach m[y]a]

#### Derived terms

* suma głowna
* kłaść sumę impf
* sumować impf

#### Descendants

* Polish: suma
* Silesian: suma
* → Romanian: sumă

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “suma”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “suma”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
   * B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “suma”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.ma/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈsu.ma/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: su‧ma
* Homophone: Suma

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish suma.

#### Noun

suma f (diminutive sumka, related adjective sumowy)
* amount, sum, figure (certain amount of money)
    Synonym: kwota
* (mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)
* sum (quantity obtained by aggregation)
    Synonyms: całokształt, całość, ogół
* (Roman Catholicism) mass, service (main mass help in church on Sundays and holidays)
    Hypernym: msza
* (Middle Polish) sum, summary (short summation of text)
    Synonym: podsumowanie

##### Derived terms

* bajońskie sumy
* suma komandytowa
* sumy neapolitańskie
* w sumie
* sumować impf

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

suma m animal
* genitive/accusative singular of sum

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), suma is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 24 times in news, 22 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 3 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 79 times, making it the 819th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “suma”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 570

### Further reading

* suma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* suma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* suma in PWN's encyclopedia
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “suma”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “SUMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 23.03.2023
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 510

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

suma
* feminine singular of sumo

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

suma
* inflection of sumir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sommer.

### Verb

a suma (third-person singular present sumează, past participle sumat) 1st conjugation
* to sum up

#### Conjugation
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sûma/
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Noun

sȕma f (Cyrillic spelling су̏ма)
* sum, total

#### Declension
## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish suma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: su‧ma

### Noun

suma f
* sum (amount of money)

### Further reading

* suma in silling.org

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuma/ [ˈsu.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: su‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summa. Doublet of the inherited soma (“coarse flour”).

#### Noun

suma f (plural sumas)
* sum
* addition
    Antonym: resta

##### Derived terms

* en suma

##### Related terms

* somero
* sumo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

suma
* feminine singular of sumo

#### Verb

suma
* inflection of sumar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
* inflection of sumir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “suma”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “suma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Likely from English someone. Compare Maroon Spirit Language suma (“person”)

### Pronoun

suma
* (interrogative) who

### Noun

suma
* Dated form of sma (“person”).

#### Descendants

* Aukan: sama

### References

* ↑ Kenneth M. Bilby (1983) “How the "older heads" talk: a Jamaican Maroon spirit possession language and its relationship to the Creoles of Suriname and Sierra Leone”, in New West Indian Guide, →ISSN, page 55.

## Venda
### Verb

suma
* to report

## Votic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сума (suma).

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈsumɑ]
* Rhymes: -umɑ
* Hyphenation: su‧ma

### Noun

suma
* pouch, bag

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn