# 記

| 記 | U+8A18, &#35352; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A18 |
| ← 託 [U+8A17] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 訙 → [U+8A19] |

## Translingual
### Han character

記 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸山 (YRSU), four-corner 0761$_7$, composition ⿰訁己 or ⿰訁巳)

#### Derived characters

* 𥱬, 䓽, 𭵮, 𣉸, 𪡴, 𫂮/𫍕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1149, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35244
* Dae Jaweon: page 1615, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3943, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8A18

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 記 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 改 | *klɯːʔ |
| 跽 | *ɡrɯʔ |
| 己 | *kɯʔ |
| 紀 | *kɯʔ |
| 妀 | *kɯʔ |
| 記 | *kɯs |
| 杞 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 屺 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 芑 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 邔 | *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs |
| 玘 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 忌 | *ɡɯs |
| 鵋 | *ɡɯs |
| 誋 | *ɡɯs |
| 梞 | *ɡɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯs): semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 己 (OC *kɯʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җи (ži, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ji$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ki
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): gi̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): gé
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җи (ži, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^3$
*** Yale: gei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gi̿
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gé
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
*** Tâi-lô: kì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kix
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ki⁴¹/
*** IPA (Longyan): /ki²¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kì
*** Sinological IPA : /ki²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kiH
Rime :
| Character | 記 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居吏切 |
| Baxter | kiH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.k(r)ə(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 記 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ki$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.k(r)ə(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | remember; record (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 記 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5768 |
| Phonetic component | 己 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 記 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯs/ |

### Definitions

記
* to record; to mark; to note
    記日記／记日记 ― jì rìjì ― to keep a diary
       Nǐ jì xià wǒ de diànhuà hàomǎ ba. [Pinyin]
       Please jot down my phone number.
* to keep in mind; remember
    也許我記錯了。／也许我记错了。 ― Yěxǔ wǒ jì cuò le. ― Perhaps I remembered wrongly.
       nei$^5$ go$^2$ geoi$^3$ syut$^3$ waa$^6$ ngo$^5$ gei$^3$ dak$^1$ hou$^2$ cing$^1$ co$^2$. [Jyutping]
       I remember that sentence that you said very well.
* record; chronicle
    遊記／游记 ― yóujì ― travel notes
    《石鐘山記》／《石钟山记》 ― “Shízhōngshān Jì” ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* notation; mark; note; seal; sign; ideogram
    暗記／暗记 ― ànjì ― secret mark
* birthmark (a mark on the skin formed before birth) (Classifier: 塊／块 m)
* (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore) Suffix for restaurants, stores, etc.
       lei$^5$ gam$^2$ gei$^3$ [Jyutping]
       Lee Kum Kee (food company founded by Lee Kum Sheung)
    M記／M记 [Cantonese] ― em$^1$ gei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― (slang) McDonald's
* (Cantonese) Suffix to show affection.
    老友記／老友记 [Cantonese] ― lou$^5$ jau$^5$ gei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― good friend
* (Cantonese) Suffix on shortened forms.
    牛記笠記／牛记笠记 [Cantonese] ― ngau$^4$ gei$^3$ lap$^1$ gei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― jeans and T-shirt; casual wear
    銅記／铜记 [Cantonese] ― tung$^4$ gei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― Causeway Bay
* Classifier for blows. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一記耳光／一记耳光 ― yī jì ěrguāng ― a slap in the face
* a surname, Ji

#### Synonyms

* (to remember):
* 回味 (huíwèi) (to recall something and ponder it)
* 回念 (huíniàn)
* 回想 (huíxiǎng)
* 回憶 / 回忆 (huíyì)
* 回溯 (huísù)
* 回顧 / 回顾 (huígù)
* 回首 (huíshǒu)
* 思古 (sīgǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 感念 (gǎnniàn) (to recall fondly)
* 感懷 / 感怀 (gǎnhuái) (to recall with emotion)
* 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
* 憶 / 忆 (yì)
* 憶想 / 忆想 (yìxiǎng)
* 懷古 / 怀古 (huáigǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
* 留戀 / 留恋 (liúliàn) (to recall with nostalgia)
* 緬想 / 缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
* 緬懷 / 缅怀 (miǎnhuái) (to cherish the memory of, especially the deceased)
* 記得 / 记得 (jìde)
* 記憶 / 记忆 (jìyì)
* 記起 / 记起 (jìqǐ)
* 諗起 / 谂起 (nam$^2$ hei$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 追 (literary, or in compounds)
* 追念 (zhuīniàn)
* 追思 (zhuīsī) (especially the deceased)
* 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
* 追憶 / 追忆 (zhuīyì)
* 追懷 / 追怀 (zhuīhuái)
* 遙想 / 遥想 (yáoxiǎng)
* (notation):
* 標 / 标 (biāo)
* 標記 / 标记 (biāojì)
* 標誌 / 标志
* 符號 / 符号 (fúhào)
* 記號 / 记号 (jìhào)
* 記認 / 记认 (Hokkien, literary)
* (birthmark): 胎記／胎记 (tāijì)

### Compounds

* 不可勝記 / 不可胜记
* 不記省 / 不记省
* 主記憶體 / 主记忆体
* 佛國記 / 佛国记
* 側記 / 侧记 (cèjì)
* 傳記 / 传记 (zhuànjì)
* 傳記文學 / 传记文学
* 出記 / 出记
* 切記 / 切记 (qièjì)
* 初學記 / 初学记
* 劄記 / 劄记 (zhájì)
* 千金記 / 千金记
* 升記號 / 升记号
* 博聞強記 / 博闻强记 (bówénqiángjì)
* 博聞彊記 / 博闻强记
* 印記 / 印记 (yìnjì)
* 古事記 / 古事记 (Gǔshìjì)
* 史記 / 史记 (Shǐjì)
* 古記兒 / 古记儿
* 單記投票 / 单记投票
* 嘿記 / 嘿记
* 圖記 / 图记
* 土地登記 / 土地登记
* 坊記 / 坊记
* 場記 / 场记 (chǎngjì)
* 塋記 / 茔记
* 墓記 / 墓记
* 多聞強記 / 多闻强记
* 大事記 / 大事记 (dàshìjì)
* 大戴禮記 / 大戴礼记
* 奏記 / 奏记
* 存記 / 存记
* 學記 / 学记
* 寰宇記 / 寰宇记
* 尋親記 / 寻亲记
* 小戴禮記 / 小戴礼记
* 延長記號 / 延长记号
* 強記 / 强记
* 強記洽聞 / 强记洽闻
* 彊記博聞 / 强记博闻
* 後記 / 后记 (hòujì)
* 忘記 / 忘记 (wàngjì)
* 惦記 / 惦记 (diànjì)
* 戳記 / 戳记
* 戶籍登記 / 户籍登记
* 手記 / 手记 (shǒujì)
* 拍子記號 / 拍子记号
* 拾遺記 / 拾遗记
* 授記 / 授记 (shòujì)
* 掌記 / 掌记
* 掛記 / 挂记
* 搜神記 / 搜神记
* 摘記 / 摘记 (zhāijì)
* 摩頂受記 / 摩顶受记
* 撒母耳記 / 撒母耳记 (Sāmǔ'ěrjì)
* 故記 / 故记
* 教坊記 / 教坊记
* 日記 / 日记 (rìjì)
* 日記帳 / 日记帐
* 暗記 / 暗记 (ànjì)
* 書筆記 / 书笔记
* 書記 / 书记 (shūjì)
* 書記官 / 书记官
* 木記 / 木记
* 札記 / 札记 (zhájì)
* 朱記 / 朱记
* 枕中記 / 枕中记
* 桃花源記 / 桃花源记
* 條記 / 条记
* 標記 / 标记 (biāojì)
* 樂記 / 乐记
* 正字標記 / 正字标记
* 死亡登記 / 死亡登记
* 死記 / 死记 (sǐjì)
* 殉情記 / 殉情记
* 殺狗記 / 杀狗记
* 永州八記 / 永州八记
* 沒記性 / 没记性
* 洽聞強記 / 洽闻强记
* 浮生六記 / 浮生六记
* 浣紗記 / 浣纱记
* 浮記 / 浮记
* 湖濱散記 / 湖滨散记
* 漁樵記 / 渔樵记
* 潛神默記 / 潜神默记
* 無碑記 / 无碑记
* 無記名 / 无记名
* 熟記 / 熟记 (shújì)
* 牒記 / 牒记
* 牢記 / 牢记 (láojì)
* 牽記 / 牵记
* 玉鐲記 / 玉镯记
* 琵琶記 / 琵琶记
* 瑯嬛記 / 琅嬛记
* 登科記 / 登科记
* 登記 / 登记 (dēngjì)
* 登記入學 / 登记入学
* 白兔記 / 白兔记
* 白鯨記 / 白鲸记
* 省記 / 省记
* 石頭記 / 石头记 (Shítóujì)
* 碑記 / 碑记 (bēijì)
* 禮記 / 礼记 (Lǐjì)
* 筆記 / 笔记 (bǐjì)
* 答記 / 答记
* 筆記小說 / 笔记小说
* 筆記書 / 笔记书
* 管記 / 管记
* 簿記 / 簿记 (bùjì)
* 簿記學 / 簿记学
* 籍記 / 籍记
* 紅拂記 / 红拂记
* 紅梅記 / 红梅记
* 紅梨記 / 红梨记
* 紅記記 / 红记记 (âng-kì-kì) (Min Nan)
* 紫釵記 / 紫钗记
* 給我記住 / 给我记住
* 結繩記事 / 结绳记事
* 經義雜記 / 经义杂记
* 緊記 / 紧记 (jǐnjì)
* 繡襦記 / 绣襦记 (Xiùrújì)
* 續齊諧記 / 续齐谐记
* 罣記 / 罣记
* 義乳記 / 义乳记
* 義俠記 / 义侠记
* 考工記 / 考工记
* 老殘遊記 / 老残游记
* 胎記 / 胎记 (tāijì)
* 荊釵記 / 荆钗记
* 表記 / 表记 (biǎojì)
* 表記物件 / 表记物件
* 裝飾記號 / 装饰记号
* 西京雜記 / 西京杂记
* 西域記 / 西域记
* 西廂記 / 西厢记 (Xīxiāng Jì)
* 西遊記 / 西游记 (Xīyóujì)
* 記事 / 记事 (jìshì)
* 記事兒 / 记事儿
* 記事本 / 记事本 (jìshìběn)
* 記仇 / 记仇 (jìchóu)
* 記住 / 记住 (jìzhù)
* 記分 / 记分 (jìfēn)
* 記分員 / 记分员
* 記功 / 记功
* 記取 / 记取 (jìqǔ)
* 記名 / 记名 (jìmíng)
* 記問 / 记问
* 記室 / 记室 (jìshì)
* 記帳 / 记帐 (jìzhàng)
* 記得 / 记得 (jìde)
* 記心 / 记心 (jìxīn)
* 記念 / 记念 (jìniàn)
* 記性 / 记性 (jìxìng)
* 記恨 / 记恨 (jìhèn)
* 記憶 / 记忆 (jìyì)
* 記憶力 / 记忆力 (jìyìlì)
* 記憶單元 / 记忆单元
* 記憶容量 / 记忆容量
* 記憶猶新 / 记忆犹新 (jìyìyóuxīn)
* 記憶體 / 记忆体 (jìyìtǐ)
* 記掛 / 记挂 (jìguà)
* 記敘 / 记叙 (jìxù)
* 記敘文 / 记叙文 (jìxùwén)
* 記池 / 记池 (kì-tî) (Min Nan)
* 記省 / 记省
* 記示 / 记示 (kì-sī) (Min Nan)
* 記罣 / 记罣 (jìguà)
* 記者 / 记者 (jìzhě)
* 記者節 / 记者节
* 記色 / 记色
* 記著 / 记着 (jìzhe)
* 記號 / 记号 (jìhào)
* 記號環 / 记号环
* 記要 / 记要 (jìyào)
* 記誦 / 记诵 (jìsòng)
* 記認 / 记认 (jìrèn)
* 記趣 / 记趣
* 記載 / 记载 (jìzǎi)
* 記述 / 记述 (jìshù)
* 記述文學 / 记述文学
* 記過 / 记过 (jìguò)
* 記錄 / 记录 (jìlù)
* 記點 / 记点
* 謹記 / 谨记 (jǐnjì)
* 讖記 / 谶记
* 載記 / 载记
* 輿地廣記 / 舆地广记
* 述異記 / 述异记
* 造像記 / 造像记
* 速記 / 速记 (sùjì)
* 連記投票 / 连记投票
* 連記法 / 连记法
* 週記 / 周记 (zhōujì)
* 遊記 / 游记 (yóujì)
* 還魂記 / 还魂记
* 鄴中記 / 邺中记
* 金鎖記 / 金锁记
* 金雀記 / 金雀记
* 釵釧記 / 钗钏记
* 鈐記 / 钤记
* 銘記 / 铭记 (míngjì)
* 銘記在心 / 铭记在心
* 附記 / 附记 (fùjì)
* 雜記 / 杂记
* 離魂記 / 离魂记
* 雲仙雜記 / 云仙杂记
* 青衫記 / 青衫记
* 面月印記 / 面月印记
* 音部記號 / 音部记号
* 默記 / 默记 (mòjì)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 記(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 기(記) (gi)
* → Vietnamese: kí (記)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: ghi

### References

* “記”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “記”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* statement
* inscription
* mention
* describe
* mark
* Kojiki

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: しるし (shirushi)、しるす (shirusu, 記す, Jōyō)
* Nanori: とし (toshi)、なり (nari)、のり (nori)、ふさ (fusa)、ふみ (fumi)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 記(き)事(じ) (kiji)
* 記(き)室(しつ) (kishitsu)
* 記(き)者(しゃ) (kisha)
* 記(き)念(ねん) (kinen)
* 記(き)録(ろく) (kiroku)
* 伝(でん)記(き) (denki)
* 日(にっ)記(き) (nikki)
* 筆(ひっ)記(き) (hikki)
* 伝(しるし)記(ぶみ) (shirushibumi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 記
* き Grade: 2
* on'yomi
⟨ki$_2$⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/
From Middle Chinese 記 (MC kiH).
In Old Japanese, this kanji was used as man'yōgana to transcribe /ki$_2$/.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲi]

#### Affix

記(き) • (ki)
* to record; to mark
* to remember; to keep in mind

#### Noun

記(き) • (ki)
* a chronicle

#### Suffix

記(き) • (-ki)
* chronicle, history, account, record

#### Proper noun

記(き) • (Ki)
* Short for 古事記 (Kojiki): the oldest extant record of the history of ancient Japan
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 記紀(きき) (Ki-Ki, “the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 記
* しるし Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 記す (shirusu, “to write down (a historical account)”).
Cognate with 印 (shirushi, “mark, print”)

#### Alternative forms

* 誌

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しるし [shìrúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiɾɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

記(しるし) • (shirushi)
* a (written) chronicle

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 記
* ふみ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From 文, 書 (fumi, “writing”).

#### Proper noun

記(ふみ) • (Fumi)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

記 (eumhun 기록할 기 (girokhal gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“to record”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

記: Hán Việt readings: kí, ký
記: Nôm readings: ghi

### Verb

記
* chữ Hán form of kí (“to sign (to write one's signature)”).
* chữ Nôm form of ghi (“to write something for the record, (computing) to write, (literary) to remember; to keep remembrances”).

### Suffix

記
* chữ Hán form of kí (“a written record or chronicle”).
    創世記 ― Sáng thế kí ― Genesis