# 妃

| 妃 | U+5983, &#22915; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5983 |
| ← 如 [U+5982] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妄 → [U+5984] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妃 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女尸山 (VSU), four-corner 4741$_7$, composition ⿰女己)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 255, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6061
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1027, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5983

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 圮 | *brɯlʔ |
| 妃 | *pʰɯːls, *pʰɯl |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 女 (“woman”) + 卩 (“a kneeling man”).

### Etymology 1

Probably related to 配 (OC *pʰɯːds, “to match”) (Wang, 1982).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fēi (fei$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fei$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fei$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fei$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fii$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fî
    (Hailu, HRS): fui$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): fei$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hí
* Eastern Min (BUC): hĭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hi$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hui$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$fi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fei
*** Wade–Giles: fei$^1$
*** Yale: fēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei
*** Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /feɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fei$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fei
*** Sinological IPA : /fei⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fei$^1$
*** Yale: fēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: féi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fei̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fei³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fii$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɨi⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî
*** Hakka Romanization System: fi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fui$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fui⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: fei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /fei¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hí
*** Sinological IPA : /xi⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui
*** Tâi-lô: hui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hui
*** Sinological IPA : /hui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$fi
*** MiniDict: fi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$fi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fi⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸe̞i̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: phj+j
Rime :
| Character | 妃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 芳非切 |
| Baxter | phj+j |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰʉi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuj/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuəi/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭwəi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰwe̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ[ə][j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰ[ə][j]/ |
| English | consort; match |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3062 |
| Phonetic component | 妃 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霏 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯl/ |
| Notes | 甲金文從巳從女表育兒之婦， 非己聲 |

#### Definitions

妃
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) spouse; couple
* (historical) imperial concubine
* (historical) wife of a prince
* (religion, honorific) goddess

#### Compounds

* 九妃
* 二妃
* 五妃廟 / 五妃庙
* 仙妃
* 伯妃引
* 側妃 / 侧妃
* 儲妃 / 储妃
* 元妃 (yuánfēi)
* 兩妃 / 两妃
* 取青妃白
* 后妃 (hòufēi)
* 四妃
* 大妃
* 太妃 (tàifēi)
* 天妃 (Tiānfēi)
* 太妃糖 (tàifēitáng)
* 天子妃
* 妃匹
* 妃呼豨 (fēihūxī)
* 妃夜蛾 (fēiyè'é)
* 妃妾
* 妃嬪 / 妃嫔 (fēipín)
* 妃子 (fēizǐ)
* 妃子園 / 妃子园
* 妃子笑
* 妃祿仙女 / 妃禄仙女
* 妃色
* 妾妃
* 娀妃
* 婁妃 / 娄妃
* 嬪妃 / 嫔妃 (pínfēi)
* 宓妃
* 宸妃
* 宮妃 / 宫妃 (gōngfēi)
* 少妃
* 帝妃 (dìfēi)
* 庶妃
* 徐妃
* 明妃
* 星妃
* 景陽妃 / 景阳妃
* 月妃
* 梅妃
* 楚妃
* 楊妃 / 杨妃
* 楚妃吟
* 楊妃垢 / 杨妃垢
* 楊妃山茶 / 杨妃山茶
* 楊妃春睡 / 杨妃春睡
* 楚妃歎 / 楚妃叹
* 楊妃粉 / 杨妃粉
* 楊妃茶 / 杨妃茶
* 楊妃醉舞 / 杨妃醉舞
* 楊貴妃 / 杨贵妃 (Yáng Guìfēi)
* 正妃
* 水妃
* 江妃
* 江妃佩
* 洛妃
* 洛浦宓妃
* 淑妃
* 淬妃
* 湘妃
* 湘妃墓
* 湘妃廟 / 湘妃庙
* 湘妃椅
* 湘妃竹 (xiāngfēizhú)
* 湘妃鼓瑟
* 湘陵妃子
* 漆妃
* 漢宮妃 / 汉宫妃
* 潘妃
* 潘妃步
* 潘妃金蓮 / 潘妃金莲
* 王妃 (wángfēi)
* 玉妃 (yùfēi)
* 瑤妃 / 瑶妃
* 瓊妃 / 琼妃
* 皇太妃
* 皇妃 (huángfēi)
* 皇貴妃 / 皇贵妃 (huángguìfēi)
* 真妃
* 禿妃之髮 / 秃妃之发
* 秦妃
* 竹妃
* 羿妃
* 虙妃
* 蟾妃
* 貞妃 / 贞妃
* 貴妃 / 贵妃 (guìfēi)
* 貴妃榻 / 贵妃榻
* 貴妃粉 / 贵妃粉
* 貴妃醉酒 / 贵妃醉酒
* 賢妃 / 贤妃
* 遺妃 / 遗妃
* 邰妃
* 醉楊妃 / 醉杨妃
* 醉楊妃色 / 醉杨妃色
* 霜妃
* 靈妃 / 灵妃
* 香妃
* 魏妃
* 麗妃 / 丽妃
* 黃妃塔 / 黄妃塔

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 妃(ひ) (hi)
* → Korean: 비(妃) (bi)
* → Vietnamese: phi (妃)
Others:
* → Manchu: ᡶᡝᡳ (fei)

### Etymology 2

Related to 配 (OC *pʰɯːds, “to match”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pèi (pei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pui$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
*** Wade–Giles: pʻei$^4$
*** Yale: pèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
*** Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pui$^3$
*** Yale: pui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: phwojH
Rime :
| Character | 妃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 滂佩切 |
| Baxter | phwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰuoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pui$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3061 |
| Phonetic component | 妃 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 配 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯːls/ |
| Notes | 見左傳 |

#### Definitions

妃
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to marry

#### Compounds

* 妃偶
* 妃合
* 妃耦 (pèi'ǒu)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 妃 |
| Kyūjitai | 妃󠄂 妃+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* queen
* princess

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 妃 (MC phj+j); compare Mandarin 妃 (fēi):
* Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 妃 (MC phwojH); compare Mandarin 妃 (pèi):
* Go-on: へ (he)
* Kan-on: はい (hai)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: きさい (kisai, 妃)、きさき (kisaki, 妃)、つれあい (tsureai, 妃)
* Nanori: き (ki)、ひめ (hime)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 妃
* きさき Grade: S
* Alternative spelling
* 后

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きさき [kìsáꜜkì] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) きさき [kìsákí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲisa̠kʲi]
* (Tokyo) きさい [kìsáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲisa̠i]

#### Noun

妃(きさき) or 妃(きさい) • (kisaki or kisai)
* A ruler's wife; queen; empress.
** 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium, page 112:Regina, æ . reina . qisàqi .Regina, æ . reina . qisàqi .(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 妃
* みめ Grade: S
* Alternative spelling
* 御妻
御(み)- (mi-, honorific prefix) + 女(め) (me, “woman”).

#### Noun

妃(みめ) • (mime)
* A noble's wife.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 妃
* ひ Grade: S
From Middle Chinese 妃 (MC phj+j).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひ [híꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çi]

#### Noun

妃(ひ) • (hi)
* a queen consort or princess consort
    お妃(ひ)
       o-hi
       the queen
    聖(せい)剣(けん)を抱(いだ)く王(おう)妃(ひ)ギネヴィア
       Seiken o Idaku Ōhi Ginevia
       Guinevere, the Queen Who Bears the Holy Sword
    妃(ひ)殿(でん)下(か)
       Hidenka
       Her Highness the Princess
    文(ふみ)仁(ひと)親(しん)王(のう)妃(ひ)紀(き)子(こ)
       Fumihito Shinnōhi Kiko
       Kiko, Princess Fumihito
       (literally, “Kiko, Consort of Prince Fumihito”)
    ウェールズ公(こう)妃(ひ)ダイアナ
       Wēruzu Kōhi Daiana
       Diana, Princess of Wales
       (literally, “Diana, Consort of the Prince of Wales”)

### References

* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 393 (paper), page 209 (digital)
* 1 2 3 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 妃 (MC phj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 妃 (eumhun 왕비 비 (wangbi bi))
* hanja form of 비 (“wife; spouse”)
* hanja form of 비 (“imperial concubine”)

#### Compounds

* 양귀비 (楊貴妃, yanggwibi)
* 왕비 (王妃, wangbi)
* 황비 (皇妃, hwangbi)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 妃 (MC phwojH).

#### Hanja

妃 (eumhun 짝지을 배 (jjakjieul bae))
* (archaic) hanja form of 배 (“to marry”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妃: Hán Nôm readings: phi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.