# Ceres
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Cerēs, goddess of the bounty, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, to nourish”). More at create.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɪəɹiːz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres
* (Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter.
* (astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)
* A city in Stanislaus County, California, United States.
* A village south-east of Cupar, eastern Fife council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NO4011).

#### Usage notes

Ceres is a dwarf planet, but there is some confusion about whether it is also an asteroid. A NASA webpage states that Vesta, the belt's second-largest object, is the largest asteroid. The IAU has been equivocal on the subject, though its Minor Planet Center, the organisation charged with cataloguing such objects, notes that dwarf planets may have dual designations, and the joint IAU/USGS/NASA Gazetteer categorizes Ceres as both asteroid and a dwarf planet.

#### Synonyms

* (astronomy, astrology): ⚳

#### Derived terms

* cereal
* cerium
* Cerean, Cererean, Cererian

#### See also

* (most likely dwarf planets of the Solar System) Ceres, Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, Eris, Sedna
* (mythology): Ceres on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* (astronomy): Ceres (dwarf planet) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Solar System in English · Solar System (layout · text) :
| Star | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun | Sun |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Mercury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Ceres | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune | Pluto | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | Moon | Phobos Deimos | — | Io Europa Ganymede Callisto | Mimas Enceladus Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Iapetus | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon | Triton | Charon | Dysnomia |

### References

* ↑ “Science: One Mission, Two Remarkable Destinations”, in NASA‎, 2020 July 14 (last accessed), archived from the original on 17 July 2020: “Asteroids range in size from Vesta – the largest at about 329 miles (530 km) in diameter ...”
* ↑ Lang, Kenneth (2011) The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System‎, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, archived from the original on 26 July 2020, pages 372, 442
* ↑ “Question and answers 2”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, IAU, 2008 January 31 (last accessed), archived from the original on 30 January 2016: “Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid ... There are many other asteroids that can come close to the orbital path of Ceres.”
* ↑ Spahr, T. B. (2006 September 7) “MPEC 2006-R19: EDITORIAL NOTICE”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, Minor Planet Center, archived from the original on 10 October 2008: “the numbering of "dwarf planets" does not preclude their having dual designations in possible separate catalogues of such bodies.”
* ↑ IAU, USGS Astrogeology Science Center, NASA (2021 September 27 (last accessed)) “Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Target: Ceres”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 13 October 2017

### Further reading

* Ceres on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* crese, scree, Crees

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch Ceres.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres
* (astronomy) Ceres
* (Roman mythology) Ceres

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Cerēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɛrɛs]
* Rhymes: -ɛrɛs
* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres f (relational adjective Cereřin)
* (Roman mythology) Ceres, Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter
** 2014, Mireia Ryšková, Pavel z Tarsu a jeho svět, Praha: Karolinum, →ISBN, page 436:Filón kritizuje i náboženská shromáždění a průvody k poctě bohyně Cerery, […]Philo criticises also the religious meetings and parades in honour of the goddes Ceres, […]

#### Declension

when feminine:
when masculine inanimate (dwarf planet):

### Proper noun

Ceres f or m inan
* (astronomy) Ceres, a dwarf planet orbiting between Mars and Jupiter
** 2017 February 17, kar, “Na trpasličí planetě Ceres jsme našli organický materiál, oznámila NASA”, in ČT24‎, Česká televize, archived from the original on 19 February 2018:Mise Dawn, v jejímž rámci NASA zkoumá trpasličí planetu Ceres, našla důkazy o organickém materiálu.The Dawn mission, in which NASA explores the dwarf planet Ceres, found evidence of organic material.
** 2017 October 24, Petr Kubala, “Sonda Dawn zůstane věrná Cereře”, in VTM‎, archived from the original on 2017-11-14:Dawn bude Cereru zkoumat i v době, kdy bude nejblíže od Slunce.Dawn is going to explore Ceres also during the time when it is nearest from the Sun.

#### Usage notes

* Both the name of the goddess and the celestial body are traditionally feminine, but in modern usage the latter one is sometimes also treated as indeclinable or inflected as masculine inanimate.

#### Declension

when feminine:
when masculine:

### See also

Solar System in Czech · sluneční soustava (layout · text) :
| Star | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce | Slunce |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Merkur | Venuše | Země | Mars | Ceres | Jupiter | Saturn | Uran | Neptun | Pluto | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | Měsíc | Phobos/Fobos Deimos | — | Io Europa Ganymed Callisto | Mimas Enceladus Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Iapetus | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon | Triton | Charon | Dysnomia |

### Further reading

* Přidej špetku juna, Naše řeč, volume 56 (1973)

## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as Ceres in 1913. Borrowed from Latin Cerēs.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres n
* A neighbourhood of Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: Ceres

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) “ceres”, in Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard‎ (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin Cerēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkeres/, [ˈk̟e̞re̞s̠]
* Rhymes: -eres
* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres
* (astronomy) Ceres

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Ceres (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Cerekseni
accusative
nom.
Cerekseni
gen.
Cerekseni
genitive
Cerekseni
partitive
Cerestäni
inessive
Cereksessäni
elative
Cereksestäni
illative
Cerekseeni
adessive
Cerekselläni
ablative
Cerekseltäni
allative
Cerekselleni
essive
Cereksenäni
translative
Cereksekseni
abessive
Cereksettäni
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Cereksesi
accusative
nom.
Cereksesi
gen.
Cereksesi
genitive
Cereksesi
partitive
Cerestäsi
inessive
Cereksessäsi
elative
Cereksestäsi
illative
Cerekseesi
adessive
Cerekselläsi
ablative
Cerekseltäsi
allative
Cereksellesi
essive
Cereksenäsi
translative
Cerekseksesi
abessive
Cereksettäsi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Cereksemme
accusative
nom.
Cereksemme
gen.
Cereksemme
genitive
Cereksemme
partitive
Cerestämme
inessive
Cereksessämme
elative
Cereksestämme
illative
Cerekseemme
adessive
Cereksellämme
ablative
Cerekseltämme
allative
Cereksellemme
essive
Cereksenämme
translative
Cerekseksemme
abessive
Cereksettämme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Cereksenne
accusative
nom.
Cereksenne
gen.
Cereksenne
genitive
Cereksenne
partitive
Cerestänne
inessive
Cereksessänne
elative
Cereksestänne
illative
Cerekseenne
adessive
Cereksellänne
ablative
Cerekseltänne
allative
Cereksellenne
essive
Cereksenänne
translative
Cerekseksenne
abessive
Cereksettänne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Cereksensä
accusative
nom.
Cereksensä
gen.
Cereksensä
genitive
Cereksensä
partitive
Cerestään Cerestänsä
inessive
Cereksessään Cereksessänsä
elative
Cereksestään Cereksestänsä
illative
Cerekseensä
adessive
Cereksellään Cereksellänsä
ablative
Cerekseltään Cerekseltänsä
allative
Cerekselleen Cereksellensä
essive
Cereksenään Cereksenänsä
translative
Cereksekseen Cerekseksensä
abessive
Cereksettään Cereksettänsä
instructive
comitative

#### See also

Solar System in Finnish · Aurinkokunta (layout · text) :
| Star | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko | Aurinko |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Merkurius | Venus | Maa (Tellus) | Mars | Ceres | Jupiter | Saturnus | Uranus | Neptunus | Pluto | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | Kuu | Phobos Deimos | — | Io Europa Ganymedes Kallisto | Mimas Enceladus Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Japetus | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon | Triton | Kharon | Dysnomia |

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *Kerēs, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerēs, from *ḱer- (“to grow”). Cognate with creō, crēscō, Faliscan 𐌂𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔 (ceres, “Ceres”) and Oscan Kerrí (dat. sg.).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈke.reːs/, [ˈkɛreːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃe.res/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːres]

### Proper noun

Cerēs f sg (genitive Cereris); third declension
* (Roman mythology) Ceres (goddess of agriculture)
* (New Latin, astronomy) Ceres (dwarf planet)
* (figuratively) food, bread, fruit, corn, grain, etc.
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.177–179:Tum Cererem corruptam undīs Cereāliaque arma expediunt fessī rērum; frūgēsque receptās et torrēre parant flammīs et frangere saxō.Then, weary of [these] circumstances, they brought out [the grain of] Ceres, soaked with seawater, and the utensils of Ceres; and they prepared both to roast with flames and to grind with stone that grain [which] had been recovered.

#### Declension

* Very rarely found in the plural (cf. sacerdōs Cerērum found in one inscription, referring to Proserpina).
Third-declension noun, singular only.

#### Derived terms

* cereālis
* Cereālis

#### Descendants

* → Czech: Ceres
* → Dutch: Ceres
** Afrikaans: Ceres
* → English: Ceres
* → Finnish: Ceres
* → Italian: Cerere
* → Polish: Ceres
* → Portuguese: Ceres
* → Sicilian: Cèriri
* → Spanish: Ceres
* → Swahili: Ceres
* → Thai: ซีรีส (sii-rîis)

### References

* “Ceres”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Ceres”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "Ceres", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Ceres in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “Ceres”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “Ceres”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Cerēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.rɛs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrɛs
* Syllabification: Ce‧res
* Homophone: ceres

### Proper noun

Ceres f (indeclinable)
* (Roman mythology) Ceres (Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility)
* Ceres (dwarf planet)

### See also

Solar System in Polish · Układ Słoneczny (layout · text) :
| Star | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce | Słońce |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Merkury | Wenus | Ziemia | Mars | Ceres | Jowisz | Saturn | Uran | Neptun | Pluton | — |
| Notable moons | — | — | Księżyc | Fobos Deimos | — | Io Europa Ganimedes Kallisto | Mimas Enceladus Tetyda Dione Rea Tytan Japet | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Tytania Oberon | Tryton | Charon | — |

### Further reading

* Ceres in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Cerēs.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɾis/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɾis/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɾiʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɾes/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsɛ.ɾɨʃ/
* Hyphenation: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres f
* (Roman mythology) Ceres (goddess of agriculture)

### Proper noun

Ceres m
* (astronomy) Ceres (dwarf planet in the Solar System)

#### Related terms

* cereal

### See also

* Deméter

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈθeɾes/ [ˈθe.ɾes]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈseɾes/ [ˈse.ɾes]
* Rhymes: -eɾes
* Syllabification: Ce‧res

### Proper noun

Ceres f
* (Roman mythology) the Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter

### Proper noun

Ceres m
* (astronomy) Ceres (dwarf planet)

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Proper noun

Ceres
* Ceres (planet)

### See also

Solar System in Swahili · mfumo wa jua (see also: sayari) (layout · text) :
| Star | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua | jua |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Utaridi Zebaki | Zuhura Ng'andu | dunia | Mirihi Murihi Meriki | Ceres | Mshtarii | Zohali Zuhali | Uranus | Neptun | Pluto | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | mwezi | | — | | | | | | |

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Latin Cerēs.

### Proper noun

Ceres
* (Roman mythology) Ceres (Roman goddess)
* (astronomy) Ceres (dwarf planet)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈkɛrɛs/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈkeːrɛs/, /ˈkɛrɛs/
* Rhymes: -eːrɛs

### Proper noun

Ceres m
* (Roman mythology) Ceres
* (astronomy) Ceres

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Solar System in Welsh · Cysawd yr Haul (layout · text) :
| Star | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul | yr Haul |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | Mercher | Gwener | y Ddaear | Mawrth | Ceres | Iau | Sadwrn | Wranws | Neifion | Plwton | Eris |
| Notable moons | — | — | y Lleuad | Phobos Deimos | — | Io Ewropa Ganymede Callisto | Mimas Enceladws Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Iapetws | Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon | Triton | Charon | Dysnomia |

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “Ceres”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies