# ob
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɒb/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒb

### Etymology 1

From Latin ob, abbreviation of obolus.

#### Noun

ob (plural obs)
* (historical) a halfpenny

### Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

#### Noun

ob (plural obs)
* (archaic) an objection
* (genetics) the obese gene
* (meteorology) observation

##### Coordinate terms

* (objection): sol

### See also

* ob-gyn (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* BO, Bo, bo

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ob, from Proto-Slavic *obь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈop]

### Preposition

ob [with accusative]
* every other/second
    Nakupovat jezdíme ob týden. ― We go shopping every other week.

#### Related terms

* -ob
* oba
* občas

### Further reading

* “ob”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “ob”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## German
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German obe, ob, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”). Compare English if.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔp/
* Audio:(file)

#### Conjunction

ob
* (subordinating) Introduces an indirect question, a doubt. if, whether.
    ob ... oder ― if ... or
    Ich weiß nicht, ob sie krank ist.I don't know if she's sick
    Hast du sie gefragt, ob sie kommt?Did you ask her if she's coming?
    Ob das wirklich wahr ist?Is it really true?
* (conditional, obsolete, except in als ob) if, in case

##### Usage notes

A general trick to remember whether to use ob or wenn is that if whether could be used in the English sentence, then ob needs to be used in the German sentence.

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German obe, from Old High German oba, from Proto-Germanic *ub (“under”), from Proto-Indo-European *upó (“under, below”). Related with über, oben.
A chiefly Upper German word, pronounced with a short vowel in Alemannic areas and with a long vowel in Austro-Bavarian areas. In the north, the short vowel is from etymology 1, perhaps also reinforced by association with regional forms of auf (Central Franconian op, Low German up, op). The long vowel is standard in Obacht, beobachten.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔp/ (German standard; Switzerland)
* IPA: /oːp/ (Austria; Bavaria)

#### Preposition

ob
* (formal, literary) on account of [with genitive or (rare) dative]
    Synonyms: angesichts, wegen
** 2019, Editorial Staff, “Große Enttäuschung nach Abbruch vom Seifenkistenrennen”, in Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger‎:Viele Seifenkisten haben ob ihrer dünnen Räder nicht die Bodenhaftung eines normalen Autoreifens und verfügen nur über so genannte Stempelbremsen.Many soapbox cars, on account of their thin wheels, do not have the traction of a normal car tire and have only so-called spoon brakes at their disposal.
* (archaic or dialectal) over, above, on [with dative]
    Synonym: über
    Antonyms: unter; (obsolete) nied, nid

##### Derived terms

* ob-
* obderennsisch
* Rothenburg ob der Tauber

### Further reading

* “ob” in Duden online
* “ob” in Duden online
* “ob” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German obe, ob, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”). Compare German ob.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oːp/

### Conjunction

ob (subordinating)
* Introduces an indirect question, a doubt. if, whether.
    Ich will mol frohe, ob-der es honn.I want to ask if you have it.
    Meer sihn, ob-er kommd.we'll see if he comes.

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *op, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí), Sanskrit अपि (ápi), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌 (a$^i$pi), Old Persian [script needed] (apiy), and Old Armenian եւ (ew). Also related to English by.
The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ob/, [ɔb]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ob/, [ɔb]

### Preposition

ob (+ accusative)
* in the direction of, to, towards
* on account of, according to, because of, due to, for (the purpose of)
    ob haec, ob hoc, ob ea, ob eam rem ― for this/that reason, because of this/that reason
    ob aliquam rem gratia ― give thanks for something
* against; facing

#### Derived terms

* ob-

### References

* “ob”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ob”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ob in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. I blame this in you; I censure you for this: hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem)
* DIZIONARIO LATINO OLIVETTI

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”), from Proto-Indo-European *e-, *ē- (“then, at that time”). Cognate with English if, West Frisian oft (“whether”), Dutch of (“or, whether, but”), Middle Low German ef (“if, whether”), German ob (“if, whether”), Icelandic ef, if (“if”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /op/

### Adverb

ob
* if, whether
    Weess du, ob d'Apdikt muer op ass?Do you know if the pharmacy is open tomorrow?

## Old English
### Preposition

ob
* Alternative form of of

## Old Irish
### Noun

ob f
* Alternative form of aub

## Volapük
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ob/

### Pronoun

ob
* I (first-person singular, nominative)
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:Ob it egivob ciles et magodis ot.I have given those children the same pictures myself.

#### Declension
## White Hmong
### Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯i (“two”). Cognate with Iu Mien i.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔɒ˥/

### Numeral

ob
* two

### References

* Ernest E. Heimbach, White Hmong - English Dictionary (1979, SEAP Publications)