# -ई
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /iː/

### Etymology 1

All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इक (-ika):
* Direct singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इउ (-iu), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑁄 (-igo), from Sanskrit -इकः (-ikaḥ)
* Oblique singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi, genitive singular), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-igassa) or -𑀇𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-iassa), from Sanskrit -इकस्य (-ikasya)
* Vocative singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕 (-iga), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika)
* Direct plural inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀸 (-igā), from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ)
See -इयों (-iyõ) and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically.

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)
* suffix for some masculine nouns

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā). Specifically,
* Direct singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ, nominative singular)
* Oblique singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकायाः (-ikāyāḥ, genitive singular)
* Vocative singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इए (-iĕ), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इके (-ike, vocative singular)
See -इयाँ (-iyā̃), -इयों (-iyõ), and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically.

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)
* suffix for many feminine nouns

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Inherited from Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya). Later influenced by Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/, adjectival suffix), a cognate of Sanskrit -इक (-ika) through Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas. Also influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, nisba suffix), which in Classical Persian becomes ـی (-ī).

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) (Urdu spelling ـی)
* relating or belonging to, forms adjectives from nouns
    ‎पहाड़ (pahāṛ, “mountain”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎पहाड़ी (pahāṛī, “mountainous”)
    ‎पंजाब (pañjāb, “Punjab”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎पंजाबी (pañjābī, “Punjabi”)

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, “doer, possessor”).

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)
* doer, possessor
    ‎सुख (sukh, “happiness”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎सुखी (sukhī, “happy, possessing happiness”)
    ‎यात्रा (yātrā, “travel”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎यात्री (yātrī, “traveller”)

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/) (forms nouns from adjectives). Doublet of -गी (-gī).

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)
* forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
    ‎दोस्त (dost, “friend”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎दोस्ती (dostī, “friendship”)
    ‎बेवक़ूफ़ (bevaqūf, “foolish”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎बेवक़ूफ़ी (bevaqūfī, “foolishness”)

##### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 7
* ↑ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 9
* ↑ https://www.jahanshiri.ir/fa/en/suffix-i

## Konkani
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iː]

### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) (Latin script -i, Kannada script -ಈ)
* suffix found in feminine nouns

### References

* Madhavi Sardesai (2006) A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani‎, Goa University (doctoral thesis)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* -ᬈ (Balinese script)
* -ဤ (Burmese script)
* -ई (Devanagari script)
* -ਈ (Gurmukhi script)
* -𑌈 (Grantha script)
* -ꦇ (Javanese script)
* -𑂆 (Kaithi script)
* -ឦ (Khmer script)
* -ອີ (Lao script)
* -ഈ (Malayalam script)
* -ᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* -𑘃 (Modi script)
* -ᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* -𑦣 (Nandinagari script)
* -𑐃 (Newa script)
* -ଈ (Odia script)
* -ꢅ (Saurashtra script)
* -𑆆 (Sharada script)
* -𑖃 (Siddham script)
* -ඊ (Sinhalese script)
* -𑩐𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* -𑚃 (Takri script)
* -ஈ (Tamil script)
* -อี (Thai script)
* -ཨཱི (Tibetan script)
* -𑨀𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /iː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /iː/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-iH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-iH, from Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂.

#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī) f
* Feminizes nominal stems
    ‎देव (devá, “god”) + ‎-ई (-ī) → ‎देवी (devī́, “goddess”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ई • (-ī́) m
* nominative singular of -इन् (-ín)