# kale
## English
### Etymology

From Northern Middle English cale, cal (Southern col), from Old English cāl, cāul, cāwel, from Latin caulis. Compare Icelandic kál (“cabbage”), German Kohl (“cabbage”). Doublet of caulis, cole, and gobi.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US, Canada) IPA: /keɪl/
* (General Australian) IPA: /kæɪl/
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪl
* Hyphenation: kale

### Noun

kale (usually uncountable, plural kales)
* An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
    Synonym: borecole
* Any of several cabbage-like food plants that are kinds of Brassica oleracea.
* (cooking) Broth containing kale as a chief ingredient.
* (dated, slang) Money.
** 1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Efficiency Expert‎, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2012:I’ll bet he takes nine-tenths of his kale from women and children, and he’s an honored citizen.

#### Derived terms

* Asian kale
* black kale
* Chinese kale
* curly kale
* dinosaur kale
* Italian kale
* kale runt
* muslin-kale
* palm tree kale
* Red Russian kale
* Russian kale
* sea kale
* Tuscan kale

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: ケール (kēru)

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Akel, Alek, Lake, Leak, lake, leak

## Alemannic German
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cailler, from Latin coāgulō.

### Verb

kale
* (Uri) to congeal, curdle

### References

* Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 63.

## Basque
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin callem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kale/ [ka.le]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ale, -e
* Hyphenation: ka‧le

### Noun

kale inan
* street

#### Derived terms

* kale egin
* kale gorri
* kale itsu
* kale-agerraldi (“demonstration”)
* kale-argi
* kale-baserri
* kale-bazter
* kale-ertz
* kale-garbitzaile
* kale-kantoi
* kale-txakur
* kalean utzi
* kalejira
* kalekume
* kalera atera
* kalera bidali
* kalera bota
* kaleratu
* kaletar
* kaletartu
* kalezulo

### Further reading

* “kale”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “kale”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkalɛ]

### Verb

kale
* masculine singular present transgressive of kalit

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

kale
* inflection of kaal:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

### Anagrams

* lake

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalëh (“husk, chaff”), probably borrowed and derived from Proto-Germanic *skaljō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑleˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝le̞(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑle
* Hyphenation: ka‧le

### Noun

kale
* (botany) glume

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kale (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kaleeni
kaleeni
accusative
nom.
kaleeni
kaleeni
gen.
kaleeni
genitive
kaleeni
kaleideni kaleitteni
partitive
kalettani
kaleitani
inessive
kaleessani
kaleissani
elative
kaleestani
kaleistani
illative
kaleeseeni
kaleisiini kaleihini
adessive
kaleellani
kaleillani
ablative
kaleeltani
kaleiltani
allative
kaleelleni
kaleilleni
essive
kaleenani
kaleinani
translative
kaleekseni
kaleikseni
abessive
kaleettani
kaleittani
instructive
comitative
—kaleineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kaleesi
kaleesi
accusative
nom.
kaleesi
kaleesi
gen.
kaleesi
genitive
kaleesi
kaleidesi kaleittesi
partitive
kalettasi
kaleitasi
inessive
kaleessasi
kaleissasi
elative
kaleestasi
kaleistasi
illative
kaleeseesi
kaleisiisi kaleihisi
adessive
kaleellasi
kaleillasi
ablative
kaleeltasi
kaleiltasi
allative
kaleellesi
kaleillesi
essive
kaleenasi
kaleinasi
translative
kaleeksesi
kaleiksesi
abessive
kaleettasi
kaleittasi
instructive
comitative
—kaleinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kaleemme
kaleemme
accusative
nom.
kaleemme
kaleemme
gen.
kaleemme
genitive
kaleemme
kaleidemme kaleittemme
partitive
kalettamme
kaleitamme
inessive
kaleessamme
kaleissamme
elative
kaleestamme
kaleistamme
illative
kaleeseemme
kaleisiimme kaleihimme
adessive
kaleellamme
kaleillamme
ablative
kaleeltamme
kaleiltamme
allative
kaleellemme
kaleillemme
essive
kaleenamme
kaleinamme
translative
kaleeksemme
kaleiksemme
abessive
kaleettamme
kaleittamme
instructive
comitative
—kaleinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kaleenne
kaleenne
accusative
nom.
kaleenne
kaleenne
gen.
kaleenne
genitive
kaleenne
kaleidenne kaleittenne
partitive
kalettanne
kaleitanne
inessive
kaleessanne
kaleissanne
elative
kaleestanne
kaleistanne
illative
kaleeseenne
kaleisiinne kaleihinne
adessive
kaleellanne
kaleillanne
ablative
kaleeltanne
kaleiltanne
allative
kaleellenne
kaleillenne
essive
kaleenanne
kaleinanne
translative
kaleeksenne
kaleiksenne
abessive
kaleettanne
kaleittanne
instructive
comitative
—kaleinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kaleensa
kaleensa
accusative
nom.
kaleensa
kaleensa
gen.
kaleensa
genitive
kaleensa
kaleidensa kaleittensa
partitive
kalettaan kalettansa
kaleitaan kaleitansa
inessive
kaleessaan kaleessansa
kaleissaan kaleissansa
elative
kaleestaan kaleestansa
kaleistaan kaleistansa
illative
kaleeseensa
kaleisiinsa kaleihinsa
adessive
kaleellaan kaleellansa
kaleillaan kaleillansa
ablative
kaleeltaan kaleeltansa
kaleiltaan kaleiltansa
allative
kaleelleen kaleellensa
kaleilleen kaleillensa
essive
kaleenaan kaleenansa
kaleinaan kaleinansa
translative
kaleekseen kaleeksensa
kaleikseen kaleiksensa
abessive
kaleettaan kaleettansa
kaleittaan kaleittansa
instructive
comitative
—kaleineen kaleinensa :

#### See also

* helve

### Further reading

* “kale”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* Kela, kela, leka

## Ladino
### Etymology

Perhaps from Catalan cal, from the verb caldre; perhaps influenced by Portuguese cabe, from the verb caber.

### Verb

kale
* (defective) should or ought to

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

kalè
* instrumental singular of kalė̃ (“bitch”)

### Noun

kãle
* vocative singular of kãle (“bitch”)

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkalɛ/

### Noun

kale
* locative singular of kał

## Makasar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkalɛ]

### Noun

kale (Lontara spelling ᨀᨒᨙ)
* body

## Moore
### Etymology

from French caler

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ká.le/

### Verb

kale
* to hold or block with a wedge

## Morelos Nahuatl
### Noun

kale
* house

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.lɛ/
* Rhymes: -alɛ
* Syllabification: ka‧le

### Noun

kale m
* locative/vocative singular of kał

## Romani
### Adjective

kale
* inflection of kalo:
** nominative plural
** oblique masculine singular/feminine singular/plural

## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

kale (Cyrillic spelling кале)
* third-person plural present of káliti

### Noun

kale (Cyrillic spelling кале)
* accusative plural of kal

## Swahili
### Etymology

From the fossilized class 12 form of the distal demonstrative -le.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

kale class IX (plural kale class X)
* antiquity, the past

### Adjective

-a kale (invariable)
* ancient, old

#### Synonyms

* ukale

#### Antonyms

* -pya

## Swedish
### Adjective

kale
* definite natural masculine singular of kal

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قلعه (kal'a), قله (kale), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈle/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kale (definite accusative kaleyi, plural kaleler)
* fort, castle, fortress, stronghold
* (chess) rook
* (sports) goal (an area into which the players attempt to put the ball)
* (politics) stronghold (of an ideology)

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kale
kaleler
definite accusative
kaleyi
kaleleri
dative
kaleye
kalelere
locative
kalede
kalelerde
ablative
kaleden
kalelerden
genitive
kalenin
kalelerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kalem
kalelerim
2nd singular
kalen
kalelerin
3rd singular
kalesi
kaleleri
1st plural
kalemiz
kalelerimiz
2nd plural
kaleniz
kaleleriniz
3rd plural
kaleleri
kaleleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kalemi
kalelerimi
2nd singular
kaleni
kalelerini
3rd singular
kalesini
kalelerini
1st plural
kalemizi
kalelerimizi
2nd plural
kalenizi
kalelerinizi
3rd plural
kalelerini
kalelerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kaleme
kalelerime
2nd singular
kalene
kalelerine
3rd singular
kalesine
kalelerine
1st plural
kalemize
kalelerimize
2nd plural
kalenize
kalelerinize
3rd plural
kalelerine
kalelerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kalemde
kalelerimde
2nd singular
kalende
kalelerinde
3rd singular
kalesinde
kalelerinde
1st plural
kalemizde
kalelerimizde
2nd plural
kalenizde
kalelerinizde
3rd plural
kalelerinde
kalelerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kalemden
kalelerimden
2nd singular
kalenden
kalelerinden
3rd singular
kalesinden
kalelerinden
1st plural
kalemizden
kalelerimizden
2nd plural
kalenizden
kalelerinizden
3rd plural
kalelerinden
kalelerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kalemin
kalelerimin
2nd singular
kalenin
kalelerinin
3rd singular
kalesinin
kalelerinin
1st plural
kalemizin
kalelerimizin
2nd plural
kalenizin
kalelerinizin
3rd plural
kalelerinin
kalelerinin :

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kale”, in Nişanyan Sözlük