# محرم
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ħar.ram/

### Etymology 1

* Root
* ح ر م (ḥ r m)
* 17 terms
Derived from the passive participle of حَرَّمَ (ḥarrama, “to forbid”); compare حَرَام (ḥarām, “forbidden”).

#### Adjective

مُحَرَّم • (muḥarram) (feminine مُحَرَّمَة (muḥarrama), masculine plural مُحَرَّمُونَ (muḥarramūna), feminine plural مُحَرَّمَات (muḥarramāt))
* forbidden

##### Descendants

* → Portuguese: marrão
* → Spanish: marrano
** → Catalan: marrà
** → English: marrano
** → Italian: marrano
** → Portuguese: marrano
** → Dutch: maraan
** → Swedish: marran
** → Sardinian: marranu
* → Chinese: 穆哈蘭姆月 / 穆哈兰姆月 (Mùhālánmǔyuè)
* → Japanese: マフラム (mafuramu)

### Etymology 2

From الْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram, “the forbidden”), from الشَّهْر الْمُحَرَّم (aš-šahr al-muḥarram), literally "the forbidden month", for being one of the four months in which Arabs forbade fighting, a tradition continued in Islam. The month is of special importance for Shia Muslims, for being the month in which the Battle of Karbala occurred.

#### Proper noun

مُحَرَّم • (muḥarram) m
* Muharram, the first of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning on a new moon.
    Synonym: اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram)

##### Synonyms

* مُحَرَّم الْحَرَام (muḥarram al-ḥarām)

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: محرم (muharram)
* → Persian: محرم (moharram)
* → Chagatai: محرم
** → Uzbek: muharram

#### See also

Hijri calendar months in Arabic · الْأَشْهُر فِي التَّقْوِيمِ الْهِجْرِيّ (al-ʔašhur fī at-taqwīmi al-hijriyy) (layout · text) :
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) | صَفَر (ṣafar) | رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) | رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) | جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) | رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) | شَوَّال (šawwāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) | ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) |
* كَانُون الثَّانِي (kānūn aṯ-ṯānī)
* يَنَايِر (yanāyir)
* صَفَر (ṣafar)

## Malay
### Proper noun

محرم
* Jawi spelling of Muharam‎

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مَحْرَم (maḥram).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mah.ˈɾam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäɦ.ɾǽm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäɦ.ɾǽm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.ɾǽm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.ɾǽm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæɦ.ɹǽm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäɦ.ɾǽm]

#### Noun

محرم • (mahram)
* (Islam) mahram; close family member who cannot be married
* (by extension) confidant, intimate friend
    Synonyms: همدم (hamdam), دمساز (damsâz)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.haɾ.ˈɾam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦär.rǽm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦär.rǽm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.wär.rǽm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.wär.rǽm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.ɦæɹ.ɹǽm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.ɦäɾ.ɾǽm]

#### Noun

محرم • (moharram)
* (Islam) Moharram (Islamic month)

#### See also

* محرم
* صفر
* ربیع‌الاول
* ربیع‌الثانی
* جمادی‌الاول
* جمادی‌الثانی
* رجب
* شعبان
* رمضان
* شوال
* ذی‌القعده
* ذی‌الحجه

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “محرم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “محرم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press