# roth
## German
### Adjective

roth (strong nominative masculine singular rother, comparative röther or rother, superlative am röthesten or am rothesten)
* Obsolete spelling of rot (“red”).

#### Declension
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* rotha f

### Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾˠɔ(h)/
* (Kerry) IPA: /ɾˠɞh/

### Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, nominative plural rothaí)
* (architecture, heraldry, mechanical engineering, pyrotechnics) wheel (multiple senses)
* (familiar) bicycle

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
roth
rothaí
vocative
a roth
a rothaí
genitive
rotha
rothaí
dative
roth
rothaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an roth
na rothaí
genitive
an rotha
na rothaí
dative
leis an roth don roth
leis na rothaí :

#### Derived terms

* bád rotha m (“paddleboat”)
* giar-roth (“gear-wheel”)
* mítéar-roth (“mitre-wheel”)
* pionna rotha m (“linchpin”)
* roithleán (“pulley, roller”)
* roth altach (“caterpillar-wheel”)
* roth bíse (“screw-wheel”)
* roth breise (“spare wheel”)
* roth Chaitríona (“Catherine-wheel”)
* roth corónach (“crown wheel”)
* roth cothromaíochta (“balance-wheel”)
* roth cuirtíní (“(curtain-)runner”)
* roth deiridh (“back wheel”)
* roth fiaclach (“cogged wheel”)
* roth gearrtha (“cutting-wheel”)
* roth laindéir (“lantern pinion”)
* roth lián (“paddle-wheel”)
* roth lústair (“fly-wheel”)
* roth muilinn (“mill-wheel”)
* roth pionnaí (“pin-wheel”)
* roth potaire (“potter's wheel”)
* roth prioctha (“pricking-wheel”)
* roth raicín (“ratchet-wheel”)
* roth rianaithe (“tracing-wheel”)
* roth spoir (“rowel”)
* roth stiúrtha (“steering-wheel”)
* roth tiomána (“driving-wheel”)
* roth tomhais (“trundle wheel”)
* roth tosaigh (“front wheel”)
* roth tuirlingthe (“landing-wheel”)
* roth uisce (“water-wheel”)
* roth ulóige (“pulley-wheel”)
* rothach (“wheeled; cyclic(al)”, adjective)
* rothadóir m (“wheelwright”)
* rothaí m (“cyclist”)
* rothaigh (“cycle”, intransitive verb)
* rothán m (“small wheel; loop, ring, hank”)
* rothchreatlach m (“spider”)
* rothdhiosca m (“wheel-disc”)
* rothfhad m (“wheel-base”)
* rothfhuinneog f (“wheel-window”)
* rothghléasra m (“train”)
* rothlach (“rotating”, adjective)
* rothlaigh (“rotate, gyrate; whirl, spin”, verb)
* rothlam m (“roll; whirl, spin”)
* rothmhol m (“wheel of water-mill”)
* rothóg f (diminutive)
* rothra m (“rotary press”)
* rothshraith f (“wheel-train”)
* rothshruth
* saor-roth (“free-wheel”)

#### Related terms

* rothaíocht f (“cycling, biking”)
* rothánach (“circulating”, adjective)
* rothar m (“bicycle”)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 58

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “roth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “roth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “roth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r͈oθ/

### Noun

roth m
* wheel
* disc
* sphere

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Synonyms

* droch

#### Descendants

* Irish: roth
* Scottish Gaelic: roth

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hroth₂os.

### Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, plural rothan)
* (chiefly Uist, Barra, Tiree, Colonsay, Islay, Jura, Arran) wheel
    Synonyms: cuibheall, cuibhle
    roth a' mhuilinn ― the mill-wheel
    roth-cartach ― a cart-wheel
    roth mór ― the driving-wheel of spinning-wheel
    eadar na rothan ― between the wheels
* rim (of a wheel)
* halo
    Tha roth mun ghealaich. ― There is a halo round the moon.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Seumas Grannd (2000) The Gaelic of Islay: A Comparative Study‎, Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, →ISBN