# 貪

| 貪 | U+8CAA, &#36010; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CAA |
| ← 販 [U+8CA9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 貫 → [U+8CAB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

貪 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓金 (OINC), four-corner 8080$_6$, composition ⿱今貝)
* greedy, covet
* covetous

#### Derived characters

* 僋, 嗿, 𰔣, 㵅, 𱮜, 𮥞, 𬳦, 𦤰, 𣤉, 𦹳, 𥱷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36680
* Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 7
* Unihan data for U+8CAA

## Chinese

* 貪

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 貪
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰl'uːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm, “open mouth”) + semantic 貝 (“money”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tān (tan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tan$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thâm
* Northern Min (KCR): táng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tham
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tam$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$thoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tan
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^1$
*** Yale: tān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tan
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tan
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^1$
*** Yale: tāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: tam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰam²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: táng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tham
*** Tâi-lô: tham
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tam$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tham
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰam³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$thoe
*** MiniDict: thoe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$thoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰø⁵³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit貪 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tʰan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tʰã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʰã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tʰan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tʰã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tʰã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /tʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tʰɛ̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /tʰan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /tʰan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /tʰan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /tʰã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tʰaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tʰæ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tʰæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /tʰø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /tʰø⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /tʰẽ̞³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /tʰø³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tʰɔ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tʰan³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /tʰan³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɵn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰam⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰɑm²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰam⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tʰam⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tʰam⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰam⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰaŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰam³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: thom
Rime :
| Character | 貪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他含切 |
| Baxter | thom |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰəm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəm/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɒm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥ˤ[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰl'uːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 貪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ thom › |
| Old Chinese | /*r̥ˁ[ə]m/ |
| English | to covet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 貪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6552 |
| Phonetic component | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 探 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰl'uːm/ |

### Definitions

貪
* to be greedy
       Zuòrén bùyào zhème tānxīn. [Pinyin]
       Don't be so greedy in life.
* to be fond of; to have an insatiable desire for
    貪玩／贪玩 ― tānwán ― to be preoccupied with having fun
    貪睡／贪睡 ― tānshuì ― to be a lover of sleep
* to pursue something (excessively or inappropriately)
    貪便宜／贪便宜 ― tānbiànyí ― to be anxious to get things on the cheap
       m$^4$ hou$^2$ taam$^1$ faai$^3$ cung$^1$ hung$^4$ dang$^1$ gwo$^3$ maa$^5$ lou$^6$ aa$^3$! [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to embezzle
    貪官／贪官 ― tānguān ― corrupt official
    貪了幾千萬／贪了几千万 ― tān le jǐ qiān wàn ― to have embezzled several hundred million

#### Synonyms

* (to embezzle):
* 中飽 / 中饱 (zhōngbǎo)
* 歪哥 (wāigē) (Taiwan)
* 貪污 / 贪污 (tānwū)
* 貪墨 / 贪墨 (tānmò) (literary)
* 食錢 / 食钱 (Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 使貪使愚 / 使贪使愚
* 厭舊貪新 / 厌旧贪新 (yànjiùtānxīn)
* 好事貪功 / 好事贪功
* 怕死貪生 / 怕死贪生
* 愛勢貪財 / 爱势贪财
* 戀酒貪杯 / 恋酒贪杯
* 戀酒貪色 / 恋酒贪色
* 戀酒貪花 / 恋酒贪花
* 戒貪 / 戒贪
* 激貪厲俗 / 激贪厉俗
* 狼貪 / 狼贪
* 狼貪鼠竊 / 狼贪鼠窃
* 畏死貪生 / 畏死贪生
* 羊狠狼貪 / 羊狠狼贪
* 肅貪 / 肃贪
* 貪位取容 / 贪位取容
* 貪位慕祿 / 贪位慕禄
* 貪便宜 / 贪便宜 (tān piányi)
* 貪冒 / 贪冒
* 貪冒榮寵 / 贪冒荣宠
* 貪功起釁 / 贪功起衅
* 貪吏 / 贪吏 (tānlì)
* 貪吃 / 贪吃 (tānchī)
* 貪名圖利 / 贪名图利
* 貪吃懶做 / 贪吃懒做
* 貪吏猾胥 / 贪吏猾胥
* 貪名逐利 / 贪名逐利
* 貪嗇 / 贪啬
* 貪嘴 / 贪嘴 (tānzuǐ)
* 貪圖 / 贪图 (tāntú)
* 貪多務得 / 贪多务得
* 貪天之功 / 贪天之功
* 貪夫徇財 / 贪夫徇财
* 貪夫痴客 / 贪夫痴客
* 貪婪 / 贪婪 (tānlán)
* 貪婪無厭 / 贪婪无厌 (tānlánwúyàn)
* 貪安好逸 / 贪安好逸
* 貪官 / 贪官 (tānguān)
* 貪官汙吏 / 贪官污吏 (tānguān-wūlì)
* 貪官蠹役 / 贪官蠹役
* 貪小便宜 / 贪小便宜
* 貪小失大 / 贪小失大
* 貪得無厭 / 贪得无厌 (tāndéwúyàn)
* 貪心 / 贪心 (tānxīn)
* 貪心不足 / 贪心不足 (tānxīnbùzú)
* 貪心妄想 / 贪心妄想
* 貪心無厭 / 贪心无厌
* 貪念 / 贪念 (tānniàn)
* 貪情 / 贪情
* 貪愛 / 贪爱
* 貪慌 / 贪慌
* 貪慾 / 贪欲 (tānyù)
* 貪慾無藝 / 贪欲无艺
* 貪戀 / 贪恋 (tānliàn)
* 貪戾 / 贪戾 (tānlì)
* 貪昧 / 贪昧
* 貪杯 / 贪杯 (tānbēi)
* 貪榮冒寵 / 贪荣冒宠
* 貪榮慕利 / 贪荣慕利
* 貪權竊柄 / 贪权窃柄
* 貪欲 / 贪欲 (tānyù)
* 貪殘 / 贪残
* 貪殘酷烈 / 贪残酷烈
* 貪求 / 贪求 (tānqiú)
* 貪求無厭 / 贪求无厌
* 貪求無已 / 贪求无已
* 貪求無饜 / 贪求无餍
* 貪汙 / 贪污 (tānwū)
* 貪汙腐化 / 贪污腐化
* 貪汙舞弊 / 贪污舞弊
* 貪泉酌飲 / 贪泉酌饮
* 貪濁有狀 / 贪浊有状
* 貪瀆 / 贪渎
* 貪狠 / 贪狠
* 貪狼 / 贪狼
* 貪猥無厭 / 贪猥无厌
* 貪玩 / 贪玩 (tānwán)
* 貪生 / 贪生
* 貪生害義 / 贪生害义
* 貪生怕死 / 贪生怕死 (tānshēngpàsǐ)
* 貪生惡死 / 贪生恶死
* 貪生畏死 / 贪生畏死
* 貪生舍義 / 贪生舍义
* 貪睡 / 贪睡 (tānshuì)
* 貪而無信 / 贪而无信
* 貪聲逐色 / 贪声逐色
* 貪花 / 贪花
* 貪花戀酒 / 贪花恋酒
* 貪財 / 贪财 (tāncái)
* 貪財好色 / 贪财好色 (tāncáihàosè)
* 貪財好賄 / 贪财好贿
* 貪財慕勢 / 贪财慕势
* 貪賄 / 贪贿
* 貪贓 / 贪赃 (tānzāng)
* 貪贓壞法 / 贪赃坏法
* 貪贓枉法 / 贪赃枉法 (tānzāngwǎngfǎ)
* 貪路 / 贪路
* 貪鄙 / 贪鄙
* 貪酒 / 贪酒 (tānjiǔ)
* 貪酷 / 贪酷
* 貪青 / 贪青
* 貪靚 / 贪靓
* 貪頑 / 贪顽
* 貪食 / 贪食
* 貪饞 / 贪馋 (tānchán)
* 貪墨 / 贪墨 (tānmò)
* 貪墨之風 / 贪墨之风
* 貪墨敗度 / 贪墨败度
* 起早貪黑 / 起早贪黑 (qǐzǎotānhēi)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* covet
* indulge

#### Readings

* Go-on: とん (ton)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)
* Kan’yō-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
* Kun: むさぼる (musaboru, 貪る, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰa̠m]
* Phonetic hangul: [탐]

### Hanja

Wikisource 貪 (eumhun 탐(貪)할 탐 (tamhal tam))
* hanja form of 탐 (“covetousness, avarice, greed”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

貪: Hán Nôm readings: tham
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.