# abba
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English, from Latin, from Ancient Greek, from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼaḇāʼ, “father”); see abbot.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈæb.ə/, /æˈbɑ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈæb.ə/, /æˈbɑ/
* Rhymes: -æbə

#### Noun

abba (plural abbas)
* (Christianity, Judaism) Father; religious superior; in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch; a title given to Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period.
    Coordinate term: amma
** 2012, The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers, →ISBN, page 135:The abba of the coenobion went to him and told him about the brother who had slipped up.

### Etymology 2

Variant forms.

#### Noun

abba (plural abbas)
* Alternative form of aba (Middle Eastern garment).
** 1836, Thomas Hartwell Horne, Landscape Illustrations of the Bible:The rich turbans and flowing robes of the respectable merchants are finely contrasted with the rude sheepskin covering of the mountaineer, and the dark abba of the wandering Arab.
** 1840, Nicholas Patrick Wiseman, The Dublin Review - Parts 1-2, page 420:Around their waist, instead of a shawl, they wear a girdle fastened with monstrous silver clasps which may be ornamented, according to the owner's taste, with jewels and in which they stick not only their Koordish dagger, but a pair of great brass or silver-knobbed pistols; from this, too, hang sundry powder-horns and shot-cases, cartridge-boxes, &c. ; and over all they cast a sort of cloak, or abba, of camel's hair, white or black, or striped white brown and black, clasped on the breast, and floating picturesquely behind.
** 2014, Robert Richardson, Travels along the Mediterranean and Parts Adjacent, →ISBN, page 284:Conceiving that he had some solid reason for his refusal, which he could not with propriety disclose in presence of Omar Effendi, I did not urge him to accompany me; but laying aside my white burnous, which I had hitherto worn after the fashion of Cairo, put on a black abba of the Capo Verde which was brought me by as black a Hercules, of whom the interpreter remarked that there was only one person in Jerusalem, and that too a fellow-servant, who was piu diavolo che lui, more devil than he.

### References

* ↑ Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN), page 1

### Anagrams

* baba, AABB, Baba, ba-ba

## Afar
### Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-, from a nursery word. Cognates include Saho abba, Somali aabo and Hebrew אבא (’abā’).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abˈba/ [ʔʌbˈbʌ]
* Hyphenation: ab‧ba

### Noun

abbá m (plural abbobtí f or abboobí f)
* father
* chief
* director

#### Declension

absolutive
abbá
predicative
abbá
subjective
abbí
genitive
abbí
vocative
abbáw
Postpositioned forms
l-case
abbál
k-case
abbák
t-case
abbát
h-case
abbáh :

#### Coordinate terms

* iná (“mother”)

#### Derived terms

* kaxxa-abbá

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “abba”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Enid M. Parker (2006) English-Afar dictionary, Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page vi
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 113

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

Borrowing from the Khoemana/Korana word abba which means to carry someone, especially a child, on your back.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ba/

### Verb

abba (present abba, present participle abbaende, past participle geabba)
* (transitive) to carry on one's back

## Gallurese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈabba/

### Noun

abba f (plural abbi)
* Alternative form of apa (“bee”)
** 1990 September 24, Fabrizio De André (lyrics and music), “Monti di Mola [Mountains of Mola]”, in Le nuvole [Clouds], performed by Fabrizio De André ft. Tazenda, →OCLC:L'abba si suggi tuttu lu meli di chista multaThe bee sucks up all the honey from this myrtle

### References

* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Gothic
### Romanization

abba
* Romanization of 𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰

## Hungarian
### Etymology

az (“that”) +‎ -ba (“into”). The z of the demonstrative pronoun assimilates with the -b of the suffix.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒbːɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ab‧ba

### Pronoun

abba
* illative singular of az (pointing at the inside of an object that is farther away from the speaker)
    Antonym: (pointing at the inside of an object close to the speaker) ebbe
    Abba a dobozba rakd a ruhákat. ― Put the clothes into that box.

#### Usage notes

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with abba-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see abba-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

### See also

$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin abba, from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba), from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼabbāʼ, “father”). Doublet of abate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈab.ba/
* Rhymes: -abba
* Hyphenation: àb‧ba

### Noun

abba m (uncountable)
* (Christianity, Judaism) abba

#### Related terms

* abate

### Further reading

* abba in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* babà

## Latin
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba), from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼabbāʼ, “father”), whence also Late Latin abbās.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈab.ba/, [ˈäbːä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈab.ba/, [ˈäbːä]

### Noun

abba m (indeclinable)
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) father
    Synonym: pater
* abbot

#### Descendants

* → Italian: abba
* → Middle English: abba
** English: abba
* → Norwegian: abba
* → Old Frisian: abba

### References

* “abba”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "abba", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* abba in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Marshallese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese はっぱ (発破, happa).

### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ɑppˠɑ], (enunciated) [ɑpˠ pˠɑ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /ɰæpˠpˠæɰ/
* Bender phonemes: {habbah}

### Noun

abba (construct form abbain)
* (alienable) dynamite

#### Synonyms

* bo̧kutan̄

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin abba (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba, “father, title of respect given to abbots”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father, teacher, ancestor, leader”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- (“father”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-, ultimately an onomatopoeic nursery word. Doublet of abbed and abbé.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈabːa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -abːa
* Hyphenation: ab‧ba

### Noun

abba
* (Christianity, Judaism) Abba or Father (when speaking directly with God through prayer)
** (Can we date this quote?), The Holy Bible: Mark 14,36:han sa: «Abba, Far! Alt er mulig for deg …»he said, "Abba, Father!" Everything is possible for you ... »
** (Can we date this quote?), The Holy Bible: Rom 8,15:dere har fått Ånden som gir rett til å være Guds barn, den som gjør at vi roper: «Abba, Far!»you have received the Spirit who gives the right to be children of God, the one who causes us to cry out, 'Abba, Father!'
** 1817, Hans Nielsen Hauge, Om Religiøse Følelser og deres Værd, page 9:[vårt hjerte] siger et Abba kjære fader[our heart] says an Abba dear father
** 1830-1837, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter II,3, page 336:ja det er sandt som kammerherren siger. Abba! fader!yes it is true as the chamberlain says. Abba! father!

### References

* “abba” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “abba” in Store norske leksikon

### Anagrams

* baba

## Nyunga
### Interjection

abba
* g'day

### References

* 2011, Bindon, P. and Chadwick, R. (compilers and editors), A Nyoongar Wordlist: from the south-west of Western Australia, Western Australian Museum (Welshpool, WA), 2nd ed.

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abba.

### Noun

abba m
* abbot

#### Inflection
## Saho
### Etymology

Cognates include Afar abbá and Somali aabo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abˈba/
* Hyphenation: ab‧ba

### Noun

abba m (plural abbub m)
* father
* chief

#### Declension
### References

* Moreno Vergari, Roberta Vergari (2007) “abba”, in A basic Saho-English-Italian Dictionary (revised version)

## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Latin aqua. Compare with the Campidanese àcua phonetic variation. Compare also with the Romanian apă.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈabba/

### Noun

abba f (plural abbas)
* (Logudorese, Nuorese) water
    Synonym: (archaic) imbre
* (Logudorese, Nuorese) (by extension) rain
    Synonym: proja
* (Logudorese, in the plural) amniotic fluid, waters

#### Derived terms

* abba de colonia
* abba de fragu
* abba minerale
* abbacrasta
* abbaforte
* abbamanu
* abbardente
* abbaredda
* abbarolu
* abba pioana
* abba sansa
* abbacorra
* abbadu
* abbaolga
* abbinfache
* subrabba
* abba de sole
* abba iscrale
* abba pròghia
* abbacorra
* abbamanile
* abbichedda
* abbifache
* abbitta

#### Related terms

* abbamele
* abbaraza
* abbare
* abbaresu
* abbasanta
* abbosidade
* abbosu
* acuarellu
* acuedottu
* abbadrinu
* abbarzu
* abbattu
* abbàdiga
* abbadorju
* abbàrgiu

### References

* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “ábba”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Sassarese
### Pronunciation

* (Castelsardo, Sedini) IPA: /ˈabba/

### Noun

abba f (plural abbi)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of abi (“bee”)

### References

* Mauro Maxia (2014) “ábba”, in Piccolo dizionario castellanese e sedinese‎ (in Sassarese), page 8