# 祭祀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìsì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zai$^3$ zi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi-sṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chè-sīr / chè-sū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi$^3$ se$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìsì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìsìh
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$-ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: jì-sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsyh
*** Palladius: цзисы (czisy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zai$^3$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: jai jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzai$^3$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zei$^3$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡siː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ji sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ji$^4$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sīr
*** Tâi-lô: tsè-sīr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sū
*** Tâi-lô: tsè-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeasu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zi$^3$ se$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsjejH ziX
Rime :
| Character | 祭 | 祀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子例切 | 詳里切 |
| Baxter | tsjejH | ziX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇi$^H$/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛi$^H$/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjæi$^H$/ | /zie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siaj$^H$/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛi$^H$/ | /ziə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛi$^H$/ | /zĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛi$^H$/ | /zi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì | sì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zai$^3$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]et-s s-[ɢ]əʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds ljɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祭 | 祀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì | sì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjej$^H$ › | ‹ zi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]et-s/ | /*s-[ɢ]əʔ/ |
| English | sacrifice | sacrifice; year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祭 | 祀 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5839 | 12008 |
| Phonetic component | 祭 | 巳 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 祭 | 似 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleds/ | /*ljɯʔ/ |

### Verb

祭祀
* to offer sacrifices (to gods, one's ancestors, etc.); to honor; to worship (by a service or rite)

#### Synonyms

* 享祭 (xiǎngjì) (literary)
* 供奉 (gòngfèng)
* 吉禮 / 吉礼 (jílǐ) (literary)
* 奉祀 (fèngsì)
* 服侍 (Hokkien)
* 獻祭 / 献祭 (xiànjì) (literary)
* 祭獻 / 祭献 (jìxiàn) (literary)
* 請 / 请 (Hokkien)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 祭(さい)祀(し) (saishi)
* → Korean: 제사(祭祀) (jesa)
* → Vietnamese: tế tự (祭祀)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 祭 | 祀 |
| さい Grade: 3 | し Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいし [sáꜜìshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠iɕi]

### Noun

祭(さい)祀(し) • (saishi)
* ritual

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 祭 | 祀 |

### Noun

祭祀 • (jesa) (hangeul 제사)
* hanja form of 제사 (“Jesa”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 祭 | 祀 |

### Verb

祭祀
* chữ Hán form of tế tự (“(religion) to offer sacrifices; to worship”).