# 扔

| 扔 | U+6254, &#25172; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6254 |
| ← 打 [U+6253] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 払 → [U+6255] |

## Translingual
### Han character

扔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹尸 (QNHS), four-corner 5702$_7$, composition ⿰扌乃)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 417, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11782
* Dae Jaweon: page 764, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1828, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6254

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 扔 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 乃 | *nɯːʔ |
| 鼐 | *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs |
| 疓 | *njɯːʔ |
| 奶 | *rneːlʔ |
| 仍 | *njɯŋ |
| 艿 | *njɯŋ |
| 辸 | *njɯŋ |
| 礽 | *njɯŋ |
| 扔 | *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs |
| 芿 | *njɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rēng, rěng (reng$^1$, reng$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄥ, ㄖㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$ / wing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lêng / jêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen; $^1$len
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: reng
*** Wade–Giles: jêng$^1$
*** Yale: rēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rheng
*** Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɤŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rěng
*** Wade–Giles: jêng$^3$
*** Yale: rěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reeng
*** Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɤŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$ / wing$^1$
*** Yale: yìhng / wīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$ / wing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$ / wing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/, /wɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
*** Tâi-lô: lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jêng
*** Tâi-lô: jîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jeeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jêng
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen; $^1$len
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$; 'len$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen; $^1$'len
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/, /lən⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: nying
Rime :
| Character | 扔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如乗切 |
| Baxter | nying |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | réng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 扔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 9346 |
| Phonetic component | 乃 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯŋ/ |

#### Definitions

扔
* to throw
* to throw away
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (to throw):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 投 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟, 拋, 擲$_1$, 摔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 溜, 拽, 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 扔, 拽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撂, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 丟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 摔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 甩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 拋, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 㧒, 撜, 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 擳 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 擊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 給, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 射 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 挌, 抾, 轆, 獻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 練, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 揕, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 挕, 揕, 掔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 揕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 捔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標, 打, 擲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 捔 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 真 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 射, 釘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞, 打 |
* (to throw away):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟棄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 撇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拽, 扔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 甩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 撂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 撂, 甩, 板 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擗, 掉, 𢫕, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擗, 掉, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 擗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 丟, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 丟, 㧒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 撂, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 丟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 溜, 轆, 獻, 抾, 挌 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 挕, 摑 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 捔, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 捔 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 摜, 甩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 撂, 丟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞 |

#### Compounds

* 扔下
* 扔崩
* 扔掉 (rēngdiào)
* 扔棄 / 扔弃 (rēngqì)

### Descendants

* Old Turkic: ?
** → Turkmen: zyňmak

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rèng (reng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèng
*** Wade–Giles: jêng$^4$
*** Yale: rèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renq
*** Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyingH
Rime :
| Character | 扔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 而證切 |
| Baxter | nyingH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑieŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 扔 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 9347 |
| Phonetic component | 乃 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 認 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯŋs/ |

#### Definitions

扔
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to pull; to draw
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to destroy

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* throw
* hurl
* throw away
* cast

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: よる (yoru)、ふれる (fureru)、すてる (suteru)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

扔: Hán Nôm readings: nẫy, nhưng, nảy, nẩy, nới
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.