# قفل
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ق ف ل (q f l). The word for a lock is presumed to be from Aramaic פוּפְלָא / ܩܘܼܦ݂ܠܵܐ (qup̄lā, “bolt; bond”) and the verbs “to lock” denominal verbs; to be separated from genuine meanings related to drying, withering up and the returning from a journey related by the idea of retraction or folding-up (leaves as well as belongings; mind also the well-known قَافِلَة (qāfila, “caravan”)), while the meanings of amassing and usuring are derived from perhaps both by the idea of locking up belongings or returning with riches. And the Aramaic is derived by Brockelmann, Asatrian, and Toll from Latin cōpula, but Diem deems this daring and CAL to be rejected, and instead related to the root ܟ ܒ ܠ related to binding whence ܟܒܠܐ (kaḇlā, “fetter”).

### Verb

قَفَلَ • (qafala) I (non-past يَقْفِلُ (yaqfilu) or يَقْفُلُ (yaqfulu), verbal noun قُفُول (qufūl))
* to return from a journey
* to carry on a usurious grain trade

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَفَلَ • (qafala) I (non-past يَقْفِلُ (yaqfilu), verbal noun قَفْل (qafl))
* (transitive) to lock, lock up
* to collect, to gather, to amass, to foredeal

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَفَلَ • (qafala) I (non-past يَقْفُلُ (yaqfulu), verbal noun قَفْل (qafl)) قَفِلَ • (qafila) I (non-past يَقْفَلُ (yaqfalu), verbal noun قَفْل (qafl))
* to dry up, to wither

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَفَّلَ • (qaffala) II (non-past يُقَفِّلُ (yuqaffilu), verbal noun تَقْفِيل (taqfīl))
* (transitive) to lock, to lock up
    قَفَّلَ الْأَبْوَابَ ― qaffala l-ʔabwāba ― He locked the doors thoroughly.

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قَفْل • (qafl) m
* verbal noun of قَفَلَ (qafala, “to lock, gather, dry up”) (form I)
* verbal noun of قَفِلَ (qafila, “to dry up”) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

IPA: /qufl/
* Audio:(file)
قُفْل • (qufl) m (plural أَقْفَال (ʔaqfāl) or أَقْفُل (ʔaqful) or قُفُول (qufūl))
* lock, bolt

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: قفل (gifiḷ)
* Hijazi Arabic: قفل (guful)
* Moroccan Arabic: قفل (qfal)
* → Azerbaijani: qıfıl
* → Persian: قفل (qofl)
* → Swahili: kufuli, kifuli

### Noun

قَفَل • (qafal) m
* (dialectal, Arabian peninsula) kafal (Commiphora kua syn. Commiphora abyssinica and Commiphora erythraea and Commiphora myrrha)
    Synonyms: بَلَسان (balasān), مُرّ (murr)

#### Declension
### References

* “qwplˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 175
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 683b
* Diem, Werner (1973) “Untersuchungen zu Technik und Terminologie der arabisch-islamischen Türschlösser”, in Der Islam (in German), volume 50, number 1, →DOI, page 143
* Farid, Malik Ghulam (2006) “قفل”, in Dictionary of the Holy Qurʾan, Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications Ltd., →ISBN
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 16
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قفل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 481
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قفل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 850
* Toll, Christopher (1969) “Einige metrologische und metallurgische Termini im Arabischen”, in Orientalia Suecana‎ (in German), volume 18, page 143
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “قفل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 915
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قفل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1047
* Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 35

## Egyptian Arabic
### Verb

قفل • (ʾafal) (present يقفل (yiʾfil))
* to close

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَفَلَ (qafala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.fal/

#### Verb

قفل • (gafal) I (non-past يقفل (yigfil))
* to close
    Synonyms: سَكَّر (sakkar), صَك (ṣakk)
* to lock

##### Related terms

* اَنْقَفَل (angafal, “to close (passive voice)”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَفَّلَ (qaffala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaf.fal/

#### Verb

قفل • (gaffal) II (non-past يقفل (yigaffil))
* to lock

##### Related terms

* اتْقَفَّل (atgaffal, “to lock (passive voice)”)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic قُفْل (qufl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡu.ful/, [ɡʊ.fʊl]

#### Noun

قفل • (guful) m (construct state قُفْل (gufl), plural أقفال (ʔagfāl))
* lock

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَفَلَ (qafala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qfal/

#### Verb

قفل • (qfal) I (non-past يقفل (yiqfal))
* to close
* to lock

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَفَّلَ (qaffala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaf.fal/

#### Verb

قفل • (qaffal) II (non-past يقفل (yqaffal))
* to lock
    قفل الباب معاك ― qaffal el-bāb mʕāk ― Lock the door on your way

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic قُفْل (qufl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qfal/, /qful/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

قفَل or قفُل • (qfal or qful) m (plural قفول (qfūl) or قفولة (qfūla))
* lock

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* قلف (qolf) (dialectal, Kerman, Kabuli)
* کلف (kolf) (dialectal, Alamarvdasht)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُفْل (qufl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qufl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qʊfl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qʊfl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qʊlf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qulf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qofl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qufl]

### Noun

قفل • (qofl) (plural قفل‌ها (qofl-hâ))
* lock, padlock

#### Derived terms

* قفل شدن (qofl šodan, “to be locked”)
* قفل کردن (qofl kardan, “to lock”)

### Further reading

* Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “قفل”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 260
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “قفل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَفَّلَ (qaffala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaf.fal/, [ˈʔaf.fal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

قفّل • (ʔaffal) II (present بقفّل (biʔaffel), passive participle مقفّل (mʔaffal))
* to lock
    Synonym: سكّر (sakkar)