# 仲

| 仲 | U+4EF2, &#20210; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF2 |
| ← 仱 [U+4EF1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 仳 → [U+4EF3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

仲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人中 (OL) or 難人中 (XOL), four-corner 2520$_6$, composition ⿰亻中)

#### Derived characters

* 㑖, 㣡, 㳞, 㴢, 𠉿, 茽, 筗, 𭼌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 403
* Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 121, character 7
* Unihan data for U+4EF2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仲 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj18803j18804j18805j18806j18807j18808j18809j18810j18811j18812j18813j18814j18815j18816j18817j18818j18819j18820j18821j18822j18823j18824j18825j18826j18827j18828j18829j18830j18831j18832j18833j18834j18835j18836j18837j18838j18839j18840j18841j18842j18843Bronze inscriptionsb12253Small seal scripts05674Transcribed ancient scriptsL35564L35565L35566L35567L35568L35569L18953L18954L18955L18956L18957L18952 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *duŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle”).

### Etymology 1

Derived from 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòng (zhong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhung
* Eastern Min (BUC): dê̤ṳng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): doeng$^5$ / dyeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòng
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^4$
*** Yale: jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$
*** Yale: juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhung
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /tøyŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: doeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tyøŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
*** Tâi-lô: tiōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dong$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zon
*** MiniDict: zon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: drjuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 仲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直衆切 |
| Baxter | drjuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-truŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*duŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 仲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-truŋ-s/ |
| English | middle (of brothers) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 仲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17419 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 仲 |
| Old Chinese | /*duŋs/ |

#### Definitions

仲
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) second, especially when referring to seniority of siblings. See usage notes of 伯.
    伯仲 ― bózhòng ― superior and inferior, competition, comparison
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) middle
    仲夏 ― zhòngxià ― midsummer
    仲裁 ― zhòngcái ― arbitration
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 二仲
* 仲介 (zhòngjiè)
* 仲介公司
* 仲冬
* 仲夏 (zhòngxià)
* 仲子
* 仲家 (Zhòngjiā)
* 仲尼 (Zhòngní)
* 仲弓
* 仲春
* 仲月 (zhòngyuè)
* 仲父
* 仲秋
* 仲裁 (zhòngcái)
* 伯仲 (bózhòng)
* 伯仲之間 / 伯仲之间
* 伯仲叔季 (bózhòngshūjì)
* 伯壎仲篪
* 商務仲裁 / 商务仲裁
* 國際仲裁 / 国际仲裁
* 將仲子 / 将仲子
* 昆仲 (kūnzhòng)
* 焦仲卿妻
* 管仲隨馬 / 管仲随马
* 翁仲
* 賢昆仲 / 贤昆仲

### Etymology 2

Probably from 重.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$
*** Yale: juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²²/

#### Definitions

仲 (Cantonese)
* still (referring to time)
    仲未得住。 [Cantonese] ― zung$^6$ mei$^6$ dak$^1$ zyu$^6$. [Jyutping] ― It's still not OK.
       keoi$^5$ ji$^4$ gaa$^1$ dou$^1$ zung$^6$ sik$^6$ gan$^2$ faan$^6$. [Jyutping]
       He is still eating, even now.
* even more
       ngo$^5$ dei$^6$ gaan$^1$ uk$^1$ zung$^6$ daai$^6$. [Jyutping]
       Our house is even bigger.
       ji$^1$ tiu$^4$ fu$^3$ zung$^6$ gwai$^3$. [Jyutping]
       This pair of pants is even more expensive.
* also; as well
       ngo$^5$ dei$^6$ cam$^4$ jat$^6$ je$^6$ maan$^5$ haak$^1$ zung$^6$ heoi$^3$ maai$^4$ wai$^4$ do$^1$ lei$^6$ aa$^3$ gong$^2$ tim$^1$! [Jyutping]
       We went to Victoria Harbor last night as well!

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 猶, 尚 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 還, 仍, 尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 還 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 還 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 還 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 還 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 重, 還 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 閒 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 成 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 重 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 淨, 重 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 重 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 還 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 重 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 重 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 淨 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 還 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 還 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 還 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 重 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 還 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 還 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 還 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 猶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 還 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 還 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 還 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 還 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 固, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 固 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 固 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 還 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 閣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣, 閣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 還 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 還 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 還 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 仲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 重 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 還 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 還 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Danyang | 還 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 還 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 還 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 還 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 還 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 還 |

#### Compounds

* 仲要

### References

* 饒秉才, 歐陽覺亞, 周無忌 (2010) 廣州話方言詞典（修訂版） (in Chinese), 香港: 商務印書館, →ISBN
* “仲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “仲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 311.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
* Kun: なか (naka, 仲, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 仲夏(ちゅうか) (chūka)
* 仲介(ちゅうかい) (chūkai)
* 仲核(ちゅうかく) (chūkaku)
* 仲間(ちゅうげん) (chūgen)
* 仲兄(ちゅうけい) (chūkei)
* 仲裁(ちゅうさい) (chūsai)
* 仲秋(ちゅうしゅう) (chūshū)
* 仲春(ちゅうしゅん) (chūshun)
* 仲断(ちゅうだん) (chūdan)
* 仲冬(ちゅうとう) (chūtō)
* 仲人(ちゅうにん) (chūnin)
* 仲保(ちゅうほ) (chūho)
* 仲居(なかい) (nakai)
* 仲買(なかがい) (nakagai)
* 仲仕(なかし) (nakashi)
* 仲立人(なかだちにん) (nakadachinin)
* 仲値(なかね) (nakane)
* 仲見世(なかみせ), 仲店(なかみせ) (nakamise)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 仲
* なか Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 仲 – see the following entry. :
| 【なか】 | [noun] 仲: relationship, terms [proper noun] 仲: a surname |
(This term, 仲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕuŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [중]

### Hanja

Wikisource 仲 (eum 중 (jung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

仲: Hán Nôm readings: trọng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation