# 体

| 体 | U+4F53, &#20307; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F53 |
| ← 佒 [U+4F52] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佔 → [U+4F54] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 体 |
| Simplified | 体 |
| Traditional | 體/体 |

### Alternative forms

In the historical Chinese dictionary Longkan Shoujian (龍龕手鑑), this character is written in the form of ⿰亻夲.

### Han character

体 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人木一 (ODM), four-corner 2523$_0$, composition ⿰亻本)

#### Derived characters

* 𭈄, 𭰟, 𬌕, 𫌠/𧡊, 𥮋

#### Related characters

* 體 (Orthodox traditional form of 体)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 509
* Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 1
* Unihan data for U+4F53

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亻 (“person”) + 本 (“basis”).

#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 体 – see 體 (“body; part of the body; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 體).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2
#### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 体 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 本 | *pɯːnʔ |
| 笨 | *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ |
| 苯 | *pɯːnʔ |
| 翉 | *pʰɯːnʔ |
| 体 | *bɯːnʔ |
| 鉢 | *poːd |
| 缽 | *poːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯːnʔ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèn (ben$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ban$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèn
*** Wade–Giles: pên$^4$
*** Yale: bèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benn
*** Palladius: бэнь (bɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ban$^6$
*** Yale: bahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ban$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ben$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐn²²/
* Middle Chinese: bwonX
Rime :
| Character | 体 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲本切 |
| Baxter | bwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /buən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /buən$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 体 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 477 |
| Phonetic component | 本 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 獖 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 晉書作笨 |

#### Definitions

体
* Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”)
* Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”).

#### Compounds

* 体夫

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuì (cui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuèi
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻui$^4$
*** Yale: tswèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuey
*** Palladius: цуй (cuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

体
* (historical dictionaries only) name of prison

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 体 |
| Kyūjitai | 體 |

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 體)

#### Readings

* Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
* Kun: からだ (karada, 体, Jōyō)
* Nanori: なり (nari)、み (mi)、みる (miru)、もと (moto)

#### Usage notes

This character was originally an alternative form of 笨 (bèn) as used in Chinese. This usage now appears to be obsolete, at least in Japanese, where 体 and 笨 are distinct characters and are not interchangeable. See the Chinese 体 and Japanese 笨 entries for further details.

#### Compounds

* 身体(からだ) (karada)
* 為体(ていたらく) (teitaraku)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 体
* たい Grade: 2
* goon
* Alternative spelling
* 體 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たい [táꜜì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠i]

#### Counter

体(たい) • (-tai)
* counter for humanoid objects
** 2017 March 25, “リンク・スパイダー [Link Spider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:
    通(つう)常(じょう)モンスター１(いっ)体(たい) ①(いち)：１(いっ)ターンに１(いち)度(ど)、自(じ)分(ぶん)メインフェイズに発(はつ)動(どう)できる。手(て)札(ふだ)からレベル４以下(よんいか)の通(つう)常(じょう)モンスター１(いっ)体(たい)をこのカードのリンク先(さき)に特(とく)殊(しゅ)召(しょう)喚(かん)する。
       Tsūjō Monsutā ittaī Chi: Ittān ni ichi-do, jibun Mein Feizu ni hatsudō dekiru. tefuda kara Reberu yon ika no Tsūjō Monsutā ittai o kono kādo no rinku-saki ni Tokushu Shōkan suru.
       1 or more Normal Monsters 1: Once per turn, can be activated during your Main Phase. Special Summons 1 Normal Monster of Level 4 or lower from your hand to where this card is linked to.

#### Noun

体(たい) • (tai)
* the body (e.g., of a human or animal)
** (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen
* a substance, matter
* a form, shape
* (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements)

##### Derived terms

* 体(たい)位(い) (taī)
* 体(たい)育(いく) (taīku)
* 体(たい)液(えき) (taieki)
* 体(たい)温(おん) (taion)
* 体(たい)外(がい) (taigai)
* 体(たい)格(かく) (taikaku)
* 体(たい)感(かん) (taikan)
* 体(たい)技(ぎ) (taigi)
* 体(たい)協(きょう) (taikyō)
* 体(たい)躯(く) (taiku)
* 体(たい)腔(くう) (taikū)
* 体(たい)刑(けい) (taikei)
* 体(たい)型(けい) (taikei)
* 体(たい)形(けい) (taikei)
* 体(たい)系(けい) (taikei)
* 体(たい)験(けん) (taiken)
* 体(たい)現(げん) (taigen)
* 体(たい)言(げん) (taigen)
* 体(たい)質(しつ) (taishitsu)
* 体(たい)重(じゅう) (taijū)
* 体(たい)臭(しゅつ) (taishutsu)
* 体(たい)術(じゅつ) (taijutsu)
* 体(たい)制(せい) (taisei)
* 体(たい)勢(せい) (taisei)
* 体(たい)積(せき) (taiseki)
* 体(たい)操(そう) (taisō)
* 体(たい)中(ちゅう) (taichū)
* 体(たい)調(ちょう) (taichō)
* 体(たい)長(ちょう) (taichō)
* 体(たい)得(とく) (taitoku)
* 体(たい)内(ない) (tainai)
* 体(たい)認(にん) (tainin)
* 体(たい)熱(ねつ) (tainetsu)
* 体(たい)罰(ばつ) (taibatsu)
* 体(たい)貌(ぼつ) (taibotsu)
* 体(たい)面(めん) (taimen)
* 体(たい)毛(もう) (taimō)
* 体(たい)様(よう) (taiyō)
* 体(たい)要(よう) (taiyō)
* 体(たい)量(りょう) (tairyō)
* 体(たい)力(りょく) (tairyoku)
* ガラス体(たい) (garasutai)
* 字(じ)体(たい) (jitai)
* 硝(しょう)子(し)体(たい) (shōshitai)
* 身(しん)体(たい) (shintai)
* 肉(にく)体(たい) (nikutai)
* 扁(へん)桃(とう)体(たい) (hentōtai)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 体
* てい Grade: 2
* kan'on
* Alternative spellings
* 體 (kyūjitai) 態
From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てー [téꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [te̞ː]

#### Noun

体(てい) • (tei)
* an outward appearance, look, aspect
    そういうていで ― sō iu tei de ― assuming that it is so

##### Derived terms

* 体(てい)裁(さい) (teisai)
* 体(てい)良(よ)く (teiyoku)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 体
* からだ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 體 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 体 – see the following entry. :
| 【からだ】 | [noun] [from 950] body [noun] [from 1884] the state of one's body: [noun] physique, constitution, frame [noun] health Alternative spellings 身体, 躯, 躰 |
(This term, 体, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 體 (MC thejX).

#### Hanja

体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))
* Alternative form of 體 (“hanja form of 체 (“body”)”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 体 (MC bwonX).

#### Hanja

体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun))
* Alternative form of 笨 (“hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てー (tē)
* Kun: からた (karata)

#### Compounds

* 五(ぐ)体(てー) (gutē)
* 胴(どぅー)体(てー) (dūtē)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 体
* からた Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 體 (kyūjitai)
Cognate with Japanese 体 (karada).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) か​らた [káꜜràtà] (Kakō - [1])
* IPA: [kaɾata]

#### Noun

体(からた) (karata)
* body
    体(からた)洗(あら)いん
       karata arain
       to wash [one’s] body / to wash oneself

##### See also

* 胴(どぅー) (dū)

### References

* ↑ “からた【体・躰・躯・身体】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* ↑ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

## Vietnamese
### Etymology 1
#### Han character

体: Hán Nôm readings: thể
* body

### Etymology 2
#### Han character

体: Hán Nôm readings: thấy
* Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see)

##### References

* Nom Foundation