# 與

| 與 | U+8207, &#33287; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8207 |
| ← 舆 [U+8206] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 興 → [U+8208] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 与 |
| Simplified | 与 |
| Traditional | 與 |

### Han character

與 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹難卜金 (HXYC), four-corner 7780$_1$, composition ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丨(GHJKV) or ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丿(T))

#### Derived characters

* 㒜, 𡁎, 𪤧, 嬩, 嶼(屿), 𢷣, 㵰, 㺞, 懙, 𨘕, 𣄣, 旟(𭤰), 𤑉, 䑂, 璵(玙), 𠁹, 𬎰, 𥎗, 礖, 穥, 𧞏, 𧾚, 𨣦, 𨮔(𮡤), 鱮(𫚈), 歟(欤), 𮨠, 𪇬
* 㠘, 藇, 籅, 𪋮, 𡒊, 𡽬, 舉(举), 㦛(𢗓), 𢣟, 擧(挙), 𣝑, 𪴿, 𬍋, 𦦙, 𤪐, 礜(𪿝), 𦏜, 𦦮, 譽(誉), 𧸧, 轝(𬛼), 𦦳, 𨮖, 𩁕, 𦦸, 𩦡, 𩼹, 鸒

#### Related characters

* 与 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)

#### Descendants

* ヨ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1004, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30212
* Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 251, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8207

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 與 :
| Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 攑 | *kʰlan |
| 藇 | *sla, *ljaʔ, *la, *laʔ, *las |
| 嶼 | *ljaʔ |
| 鱮 | *ljaʔ |
| 舉 | *klaʔ |
| 櫸 | *klaʔ |
| 舁 | *la |
| 與 | *la, *laʔ, *las |
| 輿 | *la, *las |
| 旟 | *la |
| 璵 | *la |
| 歟 | *la, *laʔ, *las |
| 譽 | *la, *las |
| 嬩 | *la |
| 擧 | *la |
| 鸒 | *la, *las |
| 礜 | *las |
| 穥 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las): phonetic 舁 (OC *la, “raised hands”) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː). Both components are phonetic. The closest version to the original is 𦥸.

### Etymology
#### "to be with; to associate with"

    Unlikely to be the same word as 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### "to give"

    The same word as 予 (OC *laʔ). The word family 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ) is probably derived from this word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “pay; wage; fare”), Mara Chin [Term?] (hla, “to present; to offer (sacrifice); to give”), Jingpho [script needed] (ja³³, “to give”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǔ (yu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yî / yí
    (Hailu, HRS): rhi$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ú / ír / í
    (Teochew, Peng'im): e$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^3$
*** Yale: yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^5$
*** Yale: yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî / yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˊ$ / i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^1$ / yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/, /i³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî / yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˊ$ / (r)i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^1$ / yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/, /(j)i³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒi⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /y³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: y$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: y$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /y³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
*** Tâi-lô: ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /u⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /u⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
*** Tâi-lô: ír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
*** Tâi-lô: í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /i⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: e$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ɯ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yu
*** MiniDict: yu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦy²³¹/
* Middle Chinese: yoX
Rime :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余吕切 |
| Baxter | yoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-q(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-q(r)aʔ/ |
| English | give; for; and |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 15901 |
| Phonetic component | 舁 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*laʔ/ |
| Notes | 舁分化字 |

#### Definitions

與
* to give; to offer
    贈與／赠与 ― zèngyǔ ― to gift
    給與／给与 ― jǐyǔ ― to accord,to grant
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to agree; to allow; to permit
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to help; to support
    與人為善／与人为善 ― yǔrénwéishàn ― to help others
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to get close to
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to follow
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to befriend; to get along with; to associate with
    相與／相与 ― xiàngyǔ ― to get along with somebody
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fight
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to deal with; to cope
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to compare
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wait
** 歲不我與／岁不我与 ― suìbùwǒyǔ ― time and tide wait for no man
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to choose; to elect
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clique
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) allied country
    與國／与国 ― yǔguó ― allied country
* with
    我與這事無關。／我与这事无关。 ― Wǒ yǔ zhè shì wúguān. ― I have nothing to do with the matter.
* for
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (passive) by
* used to introduce the recipient of an action
    與人民為敵／与人民为敌 ― yǔ rénmín wéi dí ― to be hostile to the people
* and (used to connect two nouns)
    山與水／山与水 ― shān yǔ shuǐ ― mountains and waters
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī. [Pinyin]
    The universe and I came into being together; and I,and everything therein,are One.
* (logic) AND; conjunction
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rather than
    與其／与其 ― yǔqí ― rather than
* Same as 舉／举 (jǔ)
    選賢與能／选贤与能 ― xuǎnxiányǔnéng ― choose men of talents,virtue,and ability
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 與, 及 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 和, 跟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 和, 跟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 和, 跟, 給 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 跟, 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 帶, 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 給 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 帶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 連 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 跟, 和 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 跟, 連, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跟, 給, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跟, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 告, 跟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 跟, 交 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 跟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鄧, 同 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 同 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 和 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 同, 跟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 摎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 澗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摎 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 佮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 搭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和, 跟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 給 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 邀, 儉, 教 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 邀, 跟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 隨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 傮, 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 跟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 交 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 佮, 共 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 共 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 共 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 同, 同埋 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟, 邀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 同 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 伉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 亨, 跟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 跟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跟, 同 |

##### See also

* 而 (ér, “and”), used to connect two clauses or adjectives

#### Compounds

* 不中相與 / 不中相与
* 不與 / 不与
* 不與不取 / 不与不取
* 事與願違 / 事与愿违 (shìyǔyuànwéi)
* 交與 / 交与
* 付與 / 付与 (fùyǔ)
* 休戚與共 / 休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
* 儲與 / 储与
* 分金多與 / 分金多与
* 卵與石鬥 / 卵与石斗
* 善與人交 / 善与人交
* 患難與共 / 患难与共 (huànnànyǔgòng)
* 捐忿與瑕 / 捐忿与瑕
* 授與 / 授与 (shòuyǔ)
* 揣與 / 揣与 (chuāiyǔ)
* 施與 / 施与 (shīyǔ)
* 易與 / 易与
* 時不我與 / 时不我与 (shíbùwǒyǔ)
* 欲取固與 / 欲取固与
* 歲不我與 / 岁不我与 (suìbùwǒyǔ)
* 殺生與奪 / 杀生与夺
* 民胞物與 / 民胞物与 (mínbāowùyǔ)
* 漫與 / 漫与
* 無與倫比 / 无与伦比 (wúyǔlúnbǐ)
* 無與為比 / 无与为比
* 生死與共 / 生死与共
* 生死與奪 / 生死与夺
* 生殺與奪 / 生杀与夺 (shēngshāyǔduó)
* 目窕心與 / 目窕心与
* 相與 / 相与 (xiāngyǔ)
* 相與為命 / 相与为命
* 禍福與共 / 祸福与共
* 福與天齊 / 福与天齐
* 禍與福鄰 / 祸与福邻
* 紅與黑 / 红与黑
* 給與 / 给与 (jǐyǔ)
* 罪與罰 / 罪与罚
* 羞與噲伍 / 羞与哙伍
* 羞與為伍 / 羞与为伍 (xiūyǔwéiwǔ)
* 習與性成 / 习与性成
* 老人與海 / 老人与海
* 胞與 / 胞与 (bāoyǔ)
* 胞與為懷 / 胞与为怀
* 與世俯仰 / 与世俯仰
* 與世偃仰 / 与世偃仰
* 與世沉浮 / 与世沉浮
* 與世浮沉 / 与世浮沉
* 與世無爭 / 与世无争 (yǔshìwúzhēng)
* 與世長辭 / 与世长辞 (yǔshìchángcí)
* 與世靡爭 / 与世靡争
* 與人為善 / 与人为善 (yǔrénwéishàn)
* 與共 / 与共 (yǔgòng)
* 與其 / 与其 (yǔqí)
* 與否 / 与否 (yǔfǒu)
* 與噲為伍 / 与哙为伍
* 與國 / 与国 (yǔguó)
* 與國同休 / 与国同休
* 與子同袍 / 与子同袍
* 與日俱增 / 与日俱增 (yǔrìjùzēng)
* 與日俱新 / 与日俱新
* 與時俱進 / 与时俱进 (yǔshíjùjìn)
* 與時消息 / 与时消息
* 與時浮沉 / 与时浮沉
* 與有榮焉 / 与有荣焉 (yǔyǒuróngyān)
* 與格 / 与格 (yǔgé)
* 與民休息 / 与民休息
* 與民偕樂 / 与民偕乐
* 與民同憂 / 与民同忧
* 與民同樂 / 与民同乐
* 與民更始 / 与民更始
* 與民爭利 / 与民争利 (yǔmínzhēnglì)
* 與決 / 与决
* 與狐謀皮 / 与狐谋皮 (yǔhúmóupí)
* 與生俱來 / 与生俱来 (yǔshēngjùlái)
* 與眾不同 / 与众不同 (yǔzhòngbùtóng)
* 與虎添翼 / 与虎添翼
* 與虎謀皮 / 与虎谋皮 (yǔhǔmóupí)
* 與黨 / 与党
* 色授魂與 / 色授魂与
* 莫之與京 / 莫之与京 (mòzhīyǔjīng)
* 菊花與劍 / 菊花与剑
* 虛與委蛇 / 虚与委蛇 (xūyǔwēiyí)
* 褒貶與奪 / 褒贬与夺
* 豐取刻與 / 丰取刻与
* 贈與 / 赠与 (zèngyǔ)
* 過與 / 过与
* 選賢與能 / 选贤与能
* 閼與 / 阏与
* 難與抗衡 / 难与抗衡

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ú / ír / í / ū / ī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): e$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: y$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /y²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
*** Tâi-lô: ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /u⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /u⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
*** Tâi-lô: ír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
*** Tâi-lô: í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
*** Tâi-lô: ū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: u
*** IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī
*** Tâi-lô: ī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: i
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: e$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: yoH
Rime :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊洳切 |
| Baxter | yoH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)aʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*las/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢ(r)aʔ-s/ |
| English | participate in |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 15904 |
| Phonetic component | 舁 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豫 |
| Old Chinese | /*las/ |

#### Definitions

與
* to participate
    參與／参与 ― cānyù ― to participate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to interfere

#### Compounds

* 何與 / 何与
* 公眾參與 / 公众参与
* 參與 / 参与
* 天與人歸 / 天与人归
* 干與 (gānyù)
* 與會 / 与会 (yùhuì)
* 與聞 / 与闻 (yùwén)
* 與賽 / 与赛

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): û / î
    (Teochew, Peng'im): e$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$
*** Yale: yùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: y$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /y¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û / î
*** Tâi-lô: û / î
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uu, ii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/, /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /u²⁴/, /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /u¹³/, /i¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /u²⁴/, /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/, /i²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: e$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ɯ¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: yo
Rime :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以諸切 |
| Baxter | yo |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /iɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*la/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 與 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 15891 |
| Phonetic component | 舁 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 余 |
| Old Chinese | /*la/ |
| Notes | 舁分化字，中加牙表咬牙合力， 牙兼聲 |

#### Definitions

與
* (Classical, alt. form 歟／欤) Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐqín wèn yú Zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ zhìyú shì bāng yě, bì wén qí zhèng, qiú zhī yú? Yì yǔ zhī yú?” [Pinyin]
    Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?"

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “与”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 290.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 与 |
| Kyūjitai | 與 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 与)
* participate in
* give
* award
* impart
* provide
* cause

#### Readings

* Go-on: よ (yo)
* Kan-on: よ (yo)
* Kun: あたえる (ataeru, 與える)、あずかる (azukaru, 與る)、くみする (kumisuru, 與する)

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 与

### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoX, “give; for; and”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 영〯 (Yale: yě) | 영〯 (Yale: yě) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jɘ(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo)) 與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))
* hanja form of 여 (“and; with; to; for”) [affix]
* hanja form of 여 (“to give; to grant”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 기여 (寄與, giyeo)
* 대여 (貸與, daeyeo)
* 부여 (附與/賦與, buyeo)
* 수여 (授與, suyeo)
* 여건 (與件, yeogeon)
* 여권 (與圈, yeogwon)
* 여당 (與黨, yeodang)
* 여론 (與論, yeoron)
* 여부 (與否, yeobu)
* 여야 (與野, yeoya)
* 증여 (贈與, jeung'yeo)
* 투여 (投與, tuyeo)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoH, “to participate”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 영〮 (Yale: yé) | 영〮 (Yale: yé) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jɘ(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo))
* hanja form of 여 (“to participate”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 간여 (干與, ganyeo)
* 관여 (關與, gwanyeo)
* 여문 (與聞, yeomun)
* 참여 (參與, chamyeo)

#### Noun

* Hanja in this term
* 與
與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여)
* (in news headlines) Short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”).
    Antonym: 野(야) (ya, “(politics) the opposition party”)

##### Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

##### Derived terms

* 與(여)野(야) (yeoya, “(politics) the opposing parties”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese

* A user suggests that this Vietnamese entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “Any function of 與 in the Vietnamese language?”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

### Han character

與: Hán Nôm readings: dữ, trở
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.