# 懾

| 懾 | U+61FE, &#25086; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FE |
| ← 懽 [U+61FD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懿 → [U+61FF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 心尸十十 (PSJJ), four-corner 9104$_1$, composition ⿰忄聶)
* afraid, scared, fearful

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11498
* Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2371, character 6
* Unihan data for U+61FE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 攝 | *neːb, *ʔnjeb |
| 聶 | *neb |
| 鑷 | *neb |
| 躡 | *neb |
| 襵 | *nteb, *ʔnjeb |
| 懾 | *ʔnjeb |
| 囁 | *ʔnjeb, *njeb |
| 欇 | *ʔnjeb, *n̥ʰjeb, *ɦnjeb, *hnjeb |
| 灄 | *hnjeb |
| 顳 | *njeb |
| 讘 | *njeb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔnjeb): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shè, zhé
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ, ㄓㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zip$^3$ / sip$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): niék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nieh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liap / niah
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niab$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shè
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shè
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$
*** Yale: shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
*** Wade–Giles: chê$^2$
*** Yale: jé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
*** Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zip$^3$ / sip$^3$
*** Yale: jip / sip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzip$^8$ / sip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jib$^3$ / xib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːp̚³/, /siːp̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niék
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡiɛʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nieh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap
*** Tâi-lô: liap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niah
*** Tâi-lô: niah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /niãʔ⁵/
* liap - “to fear; to frighten”;
* niah - “to fear”.
* Middle Chinese: tsyep
Rime :
| Character | 懾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之涉切 |
| Baxter | tsyep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhe |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.n][e]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔnjeb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyep › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t.n][e]p/ |
| English | to fear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9533 |
| Phonetic component | 聶 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 讋 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔnjeb/ |

### Definitions

懾
* (literary or Hokkien) to fear; to be afraid; to be frightened; to be in awe
* (literary or Cantonese, Hokkien) to frighten; to scare
* (literary) to submit out of fear

#### Compounds

* 心驚膽懾 / 心惊胆慑
* 懾人 / 慑人
* 懾人心魄 / 慑人心魄
* 懾屎 / 慑屎
* 懾屎跤 / 慑屎跤
* 懾息 / 慑息 (shèxī)
* 懾慴 / 慑慑
* 懾服 / 慑服 (shèfú)
* 懾膽 / 慑胆
* 膽懾 / 胆慑
* 臨難不懾 / 临难不慑
* 臨難無懾 / 临难无慑
* 鎮懾 / 镇慑
* 隘懾 / 隘慑
* 震懾 / 震慑 (zhènshè)

### References

* “懾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “慑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 懾れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

懾 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懾: Hán Nôm readings: nhiếp, phập
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation