# 錘

| 錘 | U+9318, &#37656; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9318 |
| ← 錗 [U+9317] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 錙 → [U+9319] |

## Translingual
### Han character

錘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹十一 (CHJM), four-corner 8211$_4$, composition ⿰釒垂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1310, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40547
* Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9318

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 錘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 埵 | *toːlʔ |
| 綞 | *toːlʔ |
| 涶 | *tʰoːl, *tʰoːls |
| 唾 | *tʰoːls |
| 厜 | *stol |
| 腄 | *tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ |
| 箠 | *tol, *tjolʔ |
| 娷 | *tols |
| 諈 | *tols |
| 錘 | *dol, *dols, *du |
| 甀 | *dol, *dols |
| 硾 | *dols |
| 捶 | *tjolʔ |
| 垂 | *djol |
| 陲 | *djol |
| 倕 | *djol |
| 菙 | *djolʔ |
| 睡 | *djols |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dol, *dols, *du): semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chuí (chui$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cui$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^4$ / ceoi$^{4-2}$ / seoi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhùi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cui$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): tṳ̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): tùi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thûi / tûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tui$^5$ / dui$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻui$^2$
*** Yale: chwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
*** Palladius: чуй (čuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cui$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cui
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuei²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$ / ceoi$^{4-2}$ / seoi$^4$
*** Yale: chèuih / chéui / sèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$ / tsoey$^{4-2}$ / soey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$ / cêu$^{4-2}$ / sêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/, /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɵy̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùi
*** Hakka Romanization System: cui$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tṳ̿
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰy³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tùi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰui⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thûi
*** Tâi-lô: thuî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tuii
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tʰui²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰui¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰui²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tûi
*** Tâi-lô: tuî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: duii
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tui²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tui$^5$ / dui$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thûi / tûi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰui⁵⁵/, /tui⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: drjwe, drjweH
Rime :
| Character | 錘 | 錘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直垂切 | 馳僞切 |
| Baxter | drjwe | drjweH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiuᴇ/ | /ɖˠiuᴇ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖʷᵚiɛ/ | /ɖʷᵚiɛ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuɛ/ | /ȡiuɛ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjwiə̆/ | /ɖjwiə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjue/ | /ȡjue$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡǐwe/ | /ȡǐwe$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱwie̯/ | /ȡʱwie̯$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuí | zhuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceoi$^4$ | zeoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>oj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dol/, /*dols/, /*du/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 錘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjwe › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-t<r>oj/ |
| English | sledge-hammer |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 錘 | 錘 | 錘 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1668 | 1670 | 1681 |
| Phonetic component | 垂 | 垂 | 垂 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鬌 | 縋 | 鎚 |
| Old Chinese | /*dol/ | /*dols/ | /*du/ |
| Notes | | | 又鎚字注亦從垂 |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Taishanese”

### Definitions

錘
* Chuí (Chinese weapon) (English)
* hammer
* mace (weapon)
* (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge
* (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof
* (historical) an ancient unit of weight
* a surname, Chui

#### Synonyms

* (hammer):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 錘子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 錘子, 榔頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 錘子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 錘, 鐵錘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 錘子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 釘錘兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 釘錘兒, 錘錘兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釘錘, 錘子, 榔頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 榔頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 錘子, 釘錘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 錘仔, 錘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 手錘 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 錘仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 錘仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 普頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 錘, 斧頭仔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 錘 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鐵錘 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 錘仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 錘 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 釘錘子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 錘仔, 鐵錘 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 錘子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鐵錘仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鐵錘囝, 鐵錘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鐵錘, 鐵釘仔錘, 錘仔, 錘 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鐵錘, 錘仔, 錘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鐵錘, 鐵釘仔錘, 錘仔, 錘 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 摃錘仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鐵錘, 錘 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鐵錘, 釘錘 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鐵錘 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 榔頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 榔頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鞋錘兒, 錘兒, 榔頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 錘子, 釘錘子, 釘錘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 錘子 |
* (to hammer into shape): 鍛造／锻造 (duànzào)

### Compounds

* 八大錘 / 八大锤
* 別具爐錘 / 别具炉锤
* 千錘百煉 / 千锤百炼 (qiānchuíbǎiliàn)
* 氣錘 / 气锤
* 水錘泵 / 水锤泵
* 秤錘 / 秤锤 (chèngchuí)
* 空氣錘 / 空气锤
* 紡錘 / 纺锤 (fǎngchuí)
* 紡錘蟲 / 纺锤虫
* 紡錘體 / 纺锤体 (fǎngchuítǐ)
* 釘錘 / 钉锤 (dīngchuí)
* 鉛錘 / 铅锤 (qiānchuí)
* 錘子 / 锤子 (chuízi)
* 錘鍊 / 锤炼 (chuíliàn)
* 錘骨 / 锤骨 (chuígǔ)
* 鐵錘 / 铁锤 (tiěchuí)
* 鼓錘 / 鼓锤

### References

* “錘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Query for 錘”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* weight, sinker
* spindle

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずい (zui)
* Kan-on: つい (tsui)
* Kan’yō-on: すい (sui)
* Kun: つむ (tsumu, 錘)、おもり (omori, 錘)

#### Compounds

* 鉛錘(えんすい) (ensui)
* 紡錘(ぼうすい) (bōsui)

#### Usage notes

* Removed from the daily use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government in 2010.
* As in historical on-readings ending in ゐ (-wi), such as ゆゐ (yuwi) and るゐ (rwi), most dictionaries do not have すゐ (swi), つゐ (twi), and づゐ (dwi) as historical readings for 錘. According to historical data, the on-readings of 錘 are the modern すい (sui) and つい (tsui), as well as づい (zui). However, the Dai Kanwa Jiten has the ゐ (-wi) historical on-readings.

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 錘
* つむ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

錘(つむ) • (tsumu)
* (spinning) a spindle
    Synonym: 紡錘 (bōsui)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 錘
* おもり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おもり [òmórí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞mo̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

錘(おもり) • (omori)
* Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)

### References

* ↑ The Japan Times (2009 October 21) “Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji”, in www.kanjiclinic.com‎, archived from the original on 20 November 2021

## Korean
### Hanja

錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

錘: Hán Nôm readings: chuy, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, thùy/thuỳ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.