# libre
## English
### Etymology

Sense 1 (“especially of the will: free, independent”) is borrowed from French libre (“at liberty, free; clear, free, vacant; free, without obligation”), from Latin līber (“free, unrestricted”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“people”).
Senses 2 (“(software) with very few limitations on distribution or improvement”) and 3 ("not enslaved") are either borrowed from the French word or the Spanish libre (“free: not enslaved or imprisoned; without obligation; unconstrained by distrust or timidity; not containing, without”), from the same Latin etymon as above.

### Pronunciation

* Sense 1:
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈliːbɹə/, [ˈlibʁ]
** (General American) IPA: /ˈlibɹə/
** Audio (General American):(file)
** Homophone: Libra
* Sense 2:
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈliːbɹə/, /-bɹeɪ/
** (General American) IPA: /ˈlibɹə/, /-bɹeɪ/
* Rhymes: -iːbɹə
* Hyphenation: li‧bre

### Adjective

libre (not comparable)
* (obsolete, rare) Especially of the will: free, independent, unconstrained.
** 1599, Alexander Hume, “Of Gods Benefites Bestowed vpon Man”, in Hymnes, or Sacred Songs, […], Edinburgh: Printed by Robert Walde-graue, […], →OCLC; republished as John Gardiner Kinnear, editor, Hymns and Sacred Songs, […] (Bannatyne Club Publications; 41), Edinburgh: Printed by Ballantyne and Co. [for the Bannatyne Club], 1832, →OCLC, page 10:He [God] Adame lent a libre will to follow what he liſt, / And with his holy ſpirit, and grace his choſen dois aſſiſt: [...]
* (software) With very few limitations on distribution or the right to access the source code to create improved versions, but not necessarily free of charge. [from late 20th c.]
    Synonyms: free, free as in speech, free as in freedom
    Coordinate terms: free, free of charge, free as in beer, costless, feeless, gratis
** 1999 February, Alessandro Rubini, “Software Libre and Commercial Viability”, in Marjorie Richardson, editor, Linux Journal: The Monthly Magazine of the Linux Community, number 58, Seattle, Wash.: Specialized System Consultants, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 48, column 1:One more point leads toward Free Software in education: when students get jobs, they prefer to use tools they learned at school in order to minimize extra learning efforts. This fact should lead colleges to teach only those tools not owned by anyone—those that are libre.
** 2005, Philippe Aigrain, “Libre Software Policies at the European Level”, in Joseph Feller, Brian Fitzgerald, Scott A. Hissam, Karim R. Lakhani, editors, Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software, Cambridge, Mass., London: MIT Press, →ISBN, pages 454–455:The great potential of libre software for development and social inclusion has long been emphasized. The cost aspect of it, though it might act as a driver, is only one limited aspect of the benefits of libre software in developing countries, deprived regions, or urban areas. The empowerment of persons and groups to not only use technology, but understand it, at the level and rhythm that fits them, with the resulting ability to become active contributors and to innovate are the essence of libre software.
** 2012, Alma Swan, “Section 3. The Importance of Open Access.”, in Policy Guidelines for the Development and Promotion of Open Access (Open Guidelines Series), Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, →ISBN, section 3.2 (Levels of Open Access), page 25, column 2:The formal definition of Open Access, however, does require re-use rights to enable the article to be re-used in various ways (text-mined, translated into other languages, used in part in other products, etc.), [...]. This is what is known as ‘libre’ Open Access. ‘Libre’ Open Access does not yet constitute the bulk of Open Access literature. In institutional repositories the majority of articles are of the ‘gratis’ type, though a small proportion carry an appropriate (usually Creative Commons) licence and are ‘libre’.
** 2014, Joshua M. Pearce, “Introduction to Open-source Hardware for Science”, in Open-source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Elsevier, →ISBN, section 1.2 (What is Open Source?), pages 1–2:Free and open-source software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) is a software that is both a free software and an open source. FOSS is a computer software that is available in source code (open source) form and that can be used, studied, copied, modified, and redistributed without restriction, or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients have the same rights under which it was obtained (free or libre). Free software, software libre, or libre software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients have the same rights under which it was obtained and that manufacturers of consumer products incorporating free software provide that software as source code.
* (historical) Not enslaved (of a black person in a French- or Spanish-colonized area, especially New Orleans).
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:libre.

#### Usage notes

Sense 2 (“(software) with very few limitations on distribution or improvement”) is chiefly used to distinguish such software (also called free software) from freeware, which is distributed free of charge or gratis (the two are not mutually exclusive).

#### Derived terms

* libre software

#### Translations
### Noun

libre (plural libres)
* (historical) A free (not enslaved) black person in a French- or Spanish-colonized area, especially New Orleans.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:libre.

#### Coordinate terms

* affranchi

#### See also

* Cuba libre
* FLOSS
* free as in beer
* free as in speech
* gratis

### References

* ↑ “† libre, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1902.

### Further reading

* free software on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* gratis versus libre on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Erbil, Liber., birle, liber

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈl̪ib.ɾe]
* Hyphenation: lib‧re

### Adjective

líbre (Basahan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜍᜒ)
* gratis; free of charge; for free
* free; unconstrained
    Synonym: talingkas

### Adverb

líbre (Basahan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜍᜒ)
* gratis; free of charge; for free

#### Derived terms

* makalibre
* palibre

#### See also

* libertad

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libre.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: lib‧re
* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈl̪ib.ɾ̪e]

### Adjective

líbre (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)
* without charge; free, gratis
* not married; single
* at liberty
* without burden

### Verb

líbre (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)
* to treat, to provide someone with (food, drink, or entertainment) at one's own expense
* to pay for another person's purchase

## Chavacano
### Etymology

From Spanish libre. The sense "free of charge" is semantic loan from English free (Spanish uses gratis for that sense).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/, [ˈli.bɾe]
* Hyphenation: li‧bre

### Adjective

libre
* free
* free of charge; gratis

#### Related terms

* liberacion
* libertad
* libra
* librao

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French libre, from Old French libre, semi-learned form of livre (ca. 1200), from Latin līber (“free”), from Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-er-os, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“people”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /libʁ/
* Homophone: libres
* Hyphenation: libre

### Adjective

libre (plural libres)
* free, at liberty
    Un homme libre ― a free man
** 1762, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Du contrat social, page 2; English translation from G. D. H. Cole, transl., The Social Contract, 1913, page 5:L’Homme eſt né libre, & par-tout il eſt dans les fers.Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.
** 1946, Jean-Paul Sartre, L’existentialisme est un humanisme‎; English translation by Philip Mairet, transl., Existentialism is a Humanism‎, 1956:[…] l’homme est condamné à être libre. Condamné, parce qu’il ne s’est pas créé lui-même, et par ailleurs cependant libre, parce qu’une fois jeté dans le monde, il est responsable de tout ce qu’il fait. […] man is condemned to be free. Condemned, because he did not create himself, yet is nevertheless at liberty, and from the moment that he is thrown into this world he is responsible for everything he does.
* clear, free, vacant
    la voie est libre ― the way is clear
* free, without obligation
    temps libre ― free time
* (sports) freestyle

#### Derived terms

* à l’air libre
* amour libre
* association libre
* champ libre
* chute libre
* discours indirect libre
* donner libre cours
* électron libre
* libre arbitre
* libre comme l’air
* libre marché
* libre-échange
* libre-examen
* libre-service
* licence libre
* logiciel libre
* morphème libre
* nage libre
* papier libre
* radical libre
* temps libre
* vers libre

#### Descendants

* → Alemannic German: liiber
* → English: libre
* → Romanian: liber

### Further reading

* “libre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* liber

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* livre (reintegrationist)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈli.β̞ɾɪ]
* Rhymes: -ibɾe
* Hyphenation: li‧bre

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese libre, livre (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin līber.

#### Adjective

libre m or f (plural libres)
* free, not captive, unbound
* void; exempt

##### Related terms

* liberar
* liberdade
* libremente

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “livre”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “liure”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “libre”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “libre”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “libre”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

libre
* inflection of librar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈli.bɾe]
* Hyphenation: li‧bre

### Adjective

líbre
* free; without charge; gratis

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈli.bre/
* Rhymes: -ibre
* Hyphenation: lì‧bre

### Noun

libre f
* plural of libra

### Anagrams

* berli

## Middle French
### Etymology 1

From Old French libre, from Latin līber.

#### Adjective

libre m or f (plural libres)
* free; at liberty

##### Descendants

* French: libre

### Etymology 2

From Latin lībra.

#### Noun

libre f (plural libres)
* scales

### References

* libre on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Latin līber (“free”).

### Adjective

libre m or f
* (Jersey) free

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan libre, borrowed from Latin librum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈliβɾe]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

libre m (plural libres)
* book

## Old Catalan
### Noun

libre m
* book
** 15th century, Codex the Palau:Comença lo libre de la generacio de Jesus crist fill de dauid fill de abram,This is the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham:

## Old French
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin līber.

### Adjective

libre m (oblique and nominative feminine singular libre)
* free; at liberty

#### Descendants

* Middle French: libre
** French: libre

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (libre)

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin liber. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French livre.

### Noun

libre m (oblique plural libres, nominative singular libres, nominative plural libre)
* book

#### Descendants

* Occitan: libre

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈli.β̞ɾe]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ibɾe
* Syllabification: li‧bre

### Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from Latin līber, from Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-er-os, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“people”).

#### Adjective

libre m or f (masculine and feminine plural libres)
* free (not imprisoned or enslaved)
* free (unconstrained by timidity or distrust)
* free (without obligations)
* (grammar) free (that can be unattached to another morpheme)
* free (without; not containing)
    Synonym: sin
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 294:Si el que tiene verrugas quiere transmitirlas a otra persona, para verse libre de ellas, bastará con que, al darle la mano o de otra manera, le manche la piel con la sangre proveniente de una o más de esas verrugas.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* aire libre
* amor libre
* barra libre
* caída libre
* comercio libre
* espíritu libre (“free spirit”)
* estilo libre
* libre albedrío
* libre comercio
* libre de culpa (“off the hook, blameless”)
* libremente
* lucha libre
* manos libres
* mercado libre
* por libre
* radical libre
* saque libre
* tenedor libre
* tiempo libre
* tiro libre
* unión libre
* verso libre

##### Related terms

* liberar
* libérrimo
* libertad

##### Descendants

* → English: libre
* → Hiligaynon: libre
* → Tagalog: libre

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

libre
* inflection of librar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “libre”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libre. Displaced older gratis, also borrowed from Spanish.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈlibɾe/ [ˈliː.bɾɛ], /libˈɾe/ [lɪbˈɾɛ]
* Rhymes: -ibɾe, -e
* Syllabification: li‧bre, lib‧re

### Adjective

libre or libré (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)
* free; free of charge; gratis
    Synonyms: walang-bayad, gratis, bigay, (slang) sabes
* free of responsibility
    Synonyms: walang-sagutin, malaya, di-mananagot
* safe
    Synonym: ligtas
* vacant; not working
    Libre ka ba mamayang hapon?Are you free this afternoon?
* (basketball) open

#### Derived terms

* ilibre
* magpalibre
* makalibre
* manlibre
* paglilibre
* palibrihin

#### Related terms

* ayre-libre
* libre-kambiyo
* libre-pensador
* librekasa
* librekomida

#### See also

* malaya

### Noun

libre or libré (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)
* (colloquial) treat (to a meal, etc.)

### Further reading

* “libre”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018