# 晨

| 晨 | U+6668, &#26216; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6668 |
| ← 晧 [U+6667] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 晩 → [U+6669] |

## Translingual
### Han character

晨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日一一女 (AMMV), four-corner 6023$_2$, composition ⿱日辰)

#### Derived characters

* 𮱗, 𮳐, 𤡠, 𣊐, 𤍴, 𮴭, 𩀭, 鷐(𫜀), 𫳳, 𬞀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13962
* Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1512, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6668

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
| 屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
| 侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
| 桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
| 唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
| 帪 | *tjɯn |
| 賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
| 裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
| 敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
| 震 | *tjɯn |
| 娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
| 蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
| 辰 | *djɯn |
| 晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
| 宸 | *djɯn |
| 鷐 | *djɯn |
| 麎 | *djɯn |
| 祳 | *djɯnʔ |
| 脤 | *djɯnʔ |
| 鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 陙 | *djun |
| 脣 | *ɦljun |
| 漘 | *ɦljun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn, “time”). Originally written as 辰 alone; 辰 now refers primarily to one of the twelve earthly branches.

### Etymology

Endopassive of 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”), literally "to stir oneself" > "when life begins to stir" > "early morning" (Schuessler, 2007). Smith (2011) relates 晨 (chén, “early morning”) to 辰 (chén) < *dən, the original form of 蜃 (shèn, “mollusc, clam”) < *dəns, as the rising sun looks ovoid due to atmospheric refraction.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chén (chen$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): san$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sin$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
    (Hailu, HRS): shin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ceng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sen$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
*** Sinological IPA : /sən²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^4$
*** Yale: sàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sin²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shin
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ceng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
*** Sinological IPA : /seiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
*** Tâi-lô: sîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂən¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sən¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit晨 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃʰə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʂə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ /ʂʐ̩¹³/ 早～飯 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyin, zyin
Rime :
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 植鄰切 | 食鄰切 |
| Baxter | dzyin | zyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn/ | /ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin/ | /ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen/ | /ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin/ | /ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn/ | /d͡ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn/ | /d͡ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén | shén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^4$ | san$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ər/, /*sə-[d]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯn/, /*ɦljɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chén | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyin › | ‹ zyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ər/ | /*sə-[d]ər/ |
| English | early | part of Scorpio; morning |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1373 | 1386 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 | 辰 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 辰 | 神 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯn/ | /*ɦljɯn/ |

### Definitions

晨
* dawn; morning; daybreak
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of cock) to herald the break of day

### Compounds

* 伺晨鳥 / 伺晨鸟
* 侵晨 (qīnchén)
* 凌晨 (língchén)
* 司晨
* 史晨碑
* 孫晨稿席 / 孙晨稿席
* 寥若晨星 (liáoruòchénxīng)
* 拂晨
* 早晨
* 昏定晨省
* 明晨
* 昧旦晨興 / 昧旦晨兴
* 晨光 (chénguāng)
* 晨參暮省 / 晨参暮省
* 晨參暮禮 / 晨参暮礼
* 晨夕
* 晨操
* 晨昏 (chénhūn)
* 晨明 (chénmíng)
* 晨昏定省
* 晨昏顛倒 / 晨昏颠倒
* 晨星 (chénxīng)
* 晨曦 (chénxī)
* 晨歌 (chéngē)
* 晨炊 (chénchuī)
* 晨炊星飯 / 晨炊星饭
* 晨練 / 晨练 (chénliàn)
* 晨興夜寐 / 晨兴夜寐
* 晨褸 / 晨褛
* 晨跑 (chénpǎo)
* 晨運 / 晨运 (chényùn)
* 晨鐘暮鼓 / 晨钟暮鼓 (chénzhōngmùgǔ)
* 晨門 / 晨门
* 晨間 / 晨间
* 晨霧 / 晨雾 (chénwù)
* 晨風 / 晨风 (chénfēng)
* 晨鳧 / 晨凫
* 暮禮晨參 / 暮礼晨参
* 暮鼓晨鐘 / 暮鼓晨钟 (mùgǔchénzhōng)
* 清晨 (qīngchén)
* 牝雞司晨 / 牝鸡司晨 (pìnjīsīchén)
* 牝雞晨鳴 / 牝鸡晨鸣
* 牝雞無晨 / 牝鸡无晨
* 翌晨
* 花晨月夕

### References

* “晨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “晨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* morning; early

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: あした (ashita, 晨)、とき (toki, 晨)

#### Compounds

* 晨昏(しんこん) (shinkon)
* 晨明(しんめい) (shinmei): dawn

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晨 (MC dzyin|zyin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 晨 (eumhun 새벽 신 (saebyeok sin))
* hanja form of 신 (“dawn”)

#### Compounds

* 신광 (晨光, sin'gwang)
* 신명 (晨明, sinmyeong)
* 신성 (晨星, sinseong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

晨: Hán Nôm readings: thần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.