# 旦

| 旦 | U+65E6, &#26086; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E6 |
| ← 日 [U+65E5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 旧 → [U+65E7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

旦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 日一 (AM), four-corner 6010$_0$, composition ⿱日一)

#### Derived characters

* 但 呾 坦 妲 怛 担 泹 狚 㫜 柦 炟 𥘵 胆 𥅃 𥑲 袒 䋎 𦤾 䖧 觛 詚 䞡 鉭 (钽) 靼 䱇 𠿲 䵣
* 𠛣 𠡎 𬇀 鴠 㝵 昜 量 鼂 鼌 亘 查 昼 疍 笪 亶 暨 曁 䦔 㡺 疸 𥟟 𧩙 (䜥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13734
* Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1483, character 1
* Unihan data for U+65E6

## Chinese

* 旦 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Dan (Chinese opera) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旦 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 皽 | *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ |
| 担 | *taːnʔ |
| 胆 | *daːn, *daːn |
| 疸 | *taːnʔ, *taːns |
| 觛 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ |
| 亶 | *taːnʔ |
| 嬗 | *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans |
| 笪 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 狚 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 旦 | *taːns |
| 鴠 | *taːns |
| 譠 | *tʰaːn, *rteːn |
| 坦 | *tʰaːnʔ |
| 但 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns |
| 檀 | *daːn |
| 壇 | *daːn |
| 儃 | *daːn, *djan |
| 驙 | *daːn, *tan |
| 袒 | *daːnʔ, *rdeːns |
| 襢 | *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans |
| 繵 | *daːnʔ |
| 膻 | *daːnʔ |
| 澶 | *daːns, *djan |
| 邅 | *tan, *danʔ, *dans |
| 鱣 | *tan |
| 饘 | *tjan, *tjanʔ |
| 旜 | *tjan |
| 氈 | *tjan |
| 鸇 | *tjan |
| 顫 | *tjans |
| 蟺 | *djanʔ |
| 擅 | *djans |
| 羶 | *hljan |
| 呾 | *taːd, *ʔraːd |
| 怛 | *taːd |
| 妲 | *taːd |
| 靼 | *taːd, *tjad |
| 炟 | *taːd |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 日 + 丁, in which 丁 indicates the pronunciation.
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the sun (日) appearing over the horizon (一). However, this version is not the original one and this interpretation belongs to folk etymology. This simplification is the same that appears in 正.
Unrelated to the top component of 得. Also unrelated to 查.

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Chepang दारःदो (darʔ.do, “place of sunrise; in east”) (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): an$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tan
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dan$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dáng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^3$
*** Yale: daan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: an$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /an³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tan
*** Hakka Romanization System: dan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tan⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dáng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàn
*** Tâi-lô: tàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daxn
*** IPA (Taipei): /tan¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tan²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tanH
Rime :
| Character | 旦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 得按切 |
| Baxter | tanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤan-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 旦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁan-s/ |
| English | dawn |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2051 |
| Phonetic component | 旦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 旦 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːns/ |

#### Definitions

旦
* (literary) early morning; dawn
    通宵達旦／通宵达旦 ― tōngxiāodádàn ― all the night until dawn
* (literary) day
    旦旦 ― dàndàn ― every day
* first day of a lunar month

#### Compounds

* 一旦 (yīdàn)
* 五旦七調 / 五旦七调
* 信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
* 元旦 (yuándàn)
* 危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
* 只爭旦夕 / 只争旦夕
* 吉旦 (jídàn)
* 命在旦夕
* 坐以待旦
* 坐而待旦
* 城旦
* 巴旦杏 (bādànxìng)
* 平旦
* 待旦
* 復旦 / 复旦
* 戒旦
* 撒旦 (Sādàn)
* 文旦 (wéndàn)
* 旦夕 (dànxī)
* 旦夕之危
* 旦夕之費 / 旦夕之费
* 旦夕禍福 / 旦夕祸福
* 旦日 (dànrì)
* 旦旦 (dàndàn)
* 旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
* 旦旦而伐
* 旦明 (dànmíng)
* 旦晚
* 旦晝 / 旦昼
* 旦暮 (dànmù)
* 旦暮朝夕
* 旦會 / 旦会
* 旦望
* 旭旦
* 明旦 (míngdàn)
* 昧旦 (mèidàn)
* 昧旦晨興 / 昧旦晨兴
* 月旦 (yuèdàn)
* 月旦評 / 月旦评 (yuèdànpíng)
* 枕戈待旦
* 毀於一旦 / 毁于一旦 (huǐyúyīdàn)
* 汝南月旦
* 申旦
* 申旦達夕 / 申旦达夕
* 禍在旦夕 / 祸在旦夕
* 秉燭達旦 / 秉烛达旦
* 穀旦 / 谷旦 (gǔdàn)
* 約旦 / 约旦 (Yuēdàn)
* 約旦河 / 约旦河 (Yuēdànhé)
* 考旦
* 詰旦 / 诘旦
* 通宵達旦 / 通宵达旦 (tōngxiāodádàn)
* 達旦 / 达旦 (dádàn)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
* 震旦方向
* 鶡旦 / 鹖旦 (hédàn)

### Etymology 2

A post-classical word. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan$^{3-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): an$^{1*}$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tòaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): duan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dànr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dànr
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dànr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dall
*** Palladius: даньр (danʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^{3-2}$
*** Yale: dáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^{3-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^{3-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn³³⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: an$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /an³³⁻³³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvoax
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tuã¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tuã²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: duan$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuàⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tũã²¹³/

#### Definitions

旦
* (Chinese opera) female character, particularly a lead role, in a traditional Chinese opera
* (Chinese opera) actor or actress known for playing such characters

#### Related terms

* 生 (shēng, “male role”)
* 淨／净 (jìng, “painted-face role”)
* 丑 (chǒu, “clown role”)

#### Compounds

* 丑旦
* 乾旦 / 干旦 (qiándàn)
* 優旦 / 优旦
* 刀馬旦 / 刀马旦 (dāomǎdàn)
* 刺旦
* 刺殺旦 / 刺杀旦
* 副旦
* 卜旦
* 坤旦
* 外旦
* 大旦
* 妝旦 / 妆旦
* 小旦
* 彩旦 (cǎidàn)
* 悲旦
* 戲旦 / 戏旦
* 捧茶旦
* 摇旦
* 搽旦
* 旦倈 / 旦俫
* 旦兒 / 旦儿
* 旦脚
* 旦色
* 旦角 (dànjué)
* 正旦 (zhèngdàn)
* 武旦 (wǔdàn)
* 浪旦
* 烏衫旦 / 乌衫旦
* 玩笑旦
* 生旦淨丑 / 生旦净丑
* 當家花旦 / 当家花旦 (dāngjiāhuādàn)
* 禾旦
* 粧旦色 / 妆旦色
* 細旦 / 细旦
* 老旦
* 色旦
* 花旦 (huādàn)
* 苦旦
* 藝旦 / 艺旦 (yìdàn)
* 裝旦 / 装旦
* 貼旦 / 贴旦
* 閨門旦 / 闺门旦
* 阿旦
* 青衣旦 (qīngyīdàn)
* 鬧小旦 / 闹小旦
* 魂旦

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 蛋 (“egg; egg-shaped object; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蛋).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Usage notes

May still be used as a shorthand.

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 今 (“now”). (This character is a variant form of 今).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* morning
* dawn

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
* Kun: あした (ashita, 旦)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、あけ (ake)、あさ (asa)、ただし (tadashi)

#### Compounds

* 旦過(たんが) (tanga)
* 旦(たん)夕(せき) (tanseki): sooner or later; imminent
* 旦暮(たんぼ) (tanbo)
* 旦那(だんな) (danna)
* 一旦(いったん) (ittan)
* 元(がん)旦(たん) (gantan): New Year's Day
* 月旦(げったん) (gettan)
* 文旦(ぶんたん) (buntan)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旦 (MC tanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 단〯 (tǎn) (Yale: tan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 旦 (eumhun 아침 단 (achim dan))
* hanja form of 단 (“early morning; dawn”)

#### Compounds

* 단명 (旦明, danmyeong)
* 단석 (旦夕, danseok)
* 일단 (一旦, ildan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

旦: Hán Nôm readings: đán, đắn, đến

### Noun

旦
* chữ Hán form of đán.
** (only in compounds) morning, dawn
** (only in compounds) day