# स्पृध्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* স্পৃধ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
* স্পৃধ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* သ္ပၖဓ် (Burmese script)
* સ્પૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಸ್ಪೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
* ស្ប្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
* ສ຺ປ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
* സ്പൃധ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᢒᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠰᢒᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
* ସ୍ପୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ස‍්පෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚶𑚞𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஸ்ப்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
* స్పృధ్ (Telugu script)
* สฺปฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
* སྤྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁 (spərədā), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /⁠išpartzi⁠/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /spŕ̩dʱ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪pr̩d̪ʱ/

#### Adjective

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem
* emulous, vying with

#### Noun

स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem, f
* contest, competition
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
* fight, battle
* rival, adversary

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spardʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-.

#### Root

स्पृध् • (spṛdh)
* to compete, rival, emulate, vie
* to contend, struggle

##### Alternative forms

* स्पर्ध् (spardh)

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* स्पर्ध॑ते (spárdhate, Present)
* स्पर्धति (spardhati, Present)
* स्पर्धिष्यते (spardhiṣyate, Future)
* स्पर्धिता (spardhitā, Periphrastic Future)
* अस्पृध्रन् (aspṛdhran, Aorist)
* स्पृ॒धा॒न (spṛdhāná, Aorist)
* अस्पर्धिष्ट (aspardhiṣṭa, Aorist)
* प॒र्स्पृ॒धे (parspṛdhé, Perfect)
* पस्पर्ध (paspardha, Perfect)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* स्पर्धित (spardhita, Past Participle)
* स्पर्धि॑तुम् (spárdhitum, Infinitive)
* स्पृध्य॑ (spṛ́dhya, Gerund)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* स्पर्धा (spardhā)
* स्पर्धाकर (spardhākara)
* स्पर्धस् (spardhas)
* स्पर्धनीय (spardhanīya)
* स्पर्धिन् (spardhin)
* स्पर्ध्य (spardhya)

### References

* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “स्पर्ध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1268, column 2.
* ↑ William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 196
* ↑ पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE) धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.3

### Further reading

* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्पृध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्पृध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0995”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0995