# 憂慮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōulǜ
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄌㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^1$ leoi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù-li
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu$^1$ ly$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iu-lū / iu-līr / iu-lī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^1$ le$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōulǜ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄌㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: youlyù
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-lü$^4$
*** Yale: yōu-lyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouliuh
*** Palladius: юлюй (juljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ leoi$^6$
*** Yale: yāu leuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ loey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ lêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɵy̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˇ$ li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹ li⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˇ$ li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹ li⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iu$^1$ ly$^5$ [Phonetic: iu$^2$ ly$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iu-lṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵³³⁻¹³ ly²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-lū
*** Tâi-lô: iu-lū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iulu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² lu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ lu³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-līr
*** Tâi-lô: iu-līr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ lɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-lī
*** Tâi-lô: iu-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuli
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² li²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^1$ le$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iu lṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /iu³³⁻²³ lɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'juw ljoH
Rime :
| Character | 憂 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於求切 | 良倨切 |
| Baxter | 'juw | ljoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨu/ | /lɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiu/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiəu/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuw/ | /lɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiu/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭəu/ | /lĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ə̯u/ | /li̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yōu | lǜ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^1$ | leoi$^6$ |

### Verb

憂慮
* to worry; to be anxious; to be concerned; to be apprehensive

#### Synonyms

* 急 (jí)
* 怕
* 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
* 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
* 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 愁 (chóu)
* 憂心 / 忧心 (yōuxīn)
* 懸心 / 悬心 (xuánxīn)
* 掛心 / 挂心 (guàxīn)
* 掛礙 / 挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 揪心 (jiūxīn)
* 提心 (tíxīn)
* 擔心 / 担心 (dānxīn)
* 擔憂 / 担忧 (dānyōu)
* 燒心 / 烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
* 犯愁 (fànchóu)
* 疑慮 / 疑虑 (yílǜ)
* 發急 / 发急 (fājí)
* 發愁 / 发愁 (fāchóu)
* 發極 / 发极 ($^7$faq $^8$jiq) (Wu)
* 著急 / 着急 (zháojí)
* 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
* 顧慮 / 顾虑 (gùlǜ)

#### Antonyms

* 放心 (fàngxīn)

#### Derived terms

* 憂慮症 / 忧虑症

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 憂 | 慮 |
| ゆう Grade: S | りょ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

憂(ゆう)慮(りょ) • (yūryo)
* anxiety; apprehension; concern

### Verb

憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)する • (yūryo suru) suru (stem 憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)し (yūryo shi), past 憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)した (yūryo shita))
* to be anxious; to be concerned; to be apprehensive

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 憂慮し | ゆうりょし | yūryo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 憂慮し | ゆうりょし | yūryo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 憂慮する | ゆうりょする | yūryo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 憂慮する | ゆうりょする | yūryo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 憂慮すれ | ゆうりょすれ | yūryo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 憂慮せよ¹ 憂慮しろ² | ゆうりょせよ¹ ゆうりょしろ² | yūryo seyo¹ yūryo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 憂慮される | ゆうりょされる | yūryo sareru |
| Causative | 憂慮させる 憂慮さす | ゆうりょさせる ゆうりょさす | yūryo saseru yūryo sasu |
| Potential | 憂慮できる | ゆうりょできる | yūryo dekiru |
| Volitional | 憂慮しよう | ゆうりょしよう | yūryo shiyō |
| Negative | 憂慮しない | ゆうりょしない | yūryo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 憂慮せず | ゆうりょせず | yūryo sezu |
| Formal | 憂慮します | ゆうりょします | yūryo shimasu |
| Perfective | 憂慮した | ゆうりょした | yūryo shita |
| Conjunctive | 憂慮して | ゆうりょして | yūryo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 憂慮すれば | ゆうりょすれば | yūryo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||