# म

| म | U+092E, &#2350; DEVANAGARI LETTER MA |
| ← भ [U+092D] | Devanagari | य → [U+092F] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə/

### Letter

म
* a letter of the Devanagari alphabet

#### See also

Ligatures:
* द्म (dma): द + म
* ह्म (hma): ह + म

## Apabhramsa
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit मा (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā́).

### Particle

म (ma) (Gurjara)
* prohibitive particle: don't
** c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 4.379.1:महु कंतहो बे दोसडा हेल्लि म झंखहि आलु ।mahu kaṃtaho be dosaḍā helli ma jhaṃkhahi ālu.1928 translation by Parashuram Lakshman VaidyaMy lover has [only] two flaws my friend, do not tell a lie

#### Descendants

* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Old Hindi: म (ma)
* Eastern Indo-Aryan:
** Old Bengali: মা
* Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
** Punjabic:
*** ⇒ Old Punjabi: ਮ(ਖਟੂ) (ma(khaṭū) /⁠ma(khaṭṭū)⁠/, “not earning, idle”, adjective), ਮ(ਚਾਂਗਵਾ) (ma(cāṅgavā), “not good, bad”, adjective)
** Sindhic:
*** Kachchi: ma
    Gujarati script: મ
    Khojki script: 𑈤
    Khudabadi script: 𑋗
*** Sindhi: ma
    Arabic script: مَ
    Devanagari script: म
    Khojki script: 𑈤
    Khudabadi script: 𑋗
* Western Indo-Aryan:
** Old Gujarati: म (ma)
*** Gujarati: મા (mā)
*** Marwari: mā
    Devanagari script: मा
    Mahajani script: 𑅬 (m /⁠mā⁠/)
** Romani: ma

### References

* ↑ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “म”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 660.
* ↑ Kantilal Vyas (1982) Apabhraṁśa of Hemacandra (Prakrit text series)‎, Prakrit Text Society, →LCCN, page 133
* ↑ Ratanlal Sanghvi (1963) Siddhahaimaśabdānuśāsana‎, volume 2, →LCCN, page 515

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574

## Bantawa
### Noun

म (ma)
* woman
* mother
* weevil

### Further reading

* Werner Winter, A Bantawa Dictionary (2003, →ISBN), page 58

## Dhivehi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mə]

### Letter

म • (ma)
* The tenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari

## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mə/, [mɐ]

### Letter

म • (ma)
* the twenty-fifth consonant in Hindi

#### See also

* Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़

## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

म • (ma)
* The twenty-fourth consonant in Marathi.

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: म

### Letter

म • (ma)
* The twenty-fifth consonant in Nepali.

### Pronoun

म • (ma)
* I (first person singular pronoun)

#### Declension
## Old Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Gurjara Apabhramsa म (ma), from Prakrit मा (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā́).

### Adverb

म • (ma)
* not

#### Descendants

* Gujarati: મા (mā)
* Marwari: mā
    Devanagari script: मा
    Mahajani script: 𑅬 (m /⁠mā⁠/)

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
* ↑ जयंत कोठारी [Jayant Kothari] (1995) “म”, in मध्यकालीन गुजराती शब्दकोश [Mediaeval Gujarati Dictionary], लालभाई दलपतभाईनो वंडो, पानकोरनाका, अहमदावाद ३८० ००१ [Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Road, Pankornaka, Ahmedabad 380 001]: कलिकालसर्वज्ञ श्री हेमचन्द्राचार्य नवम जन्मशताब्दी स्मृति संस्कार शिक्षण निधि [Kalikāla-Sarvajña Śrī Hemacandrācārya Navama Janma-Śatābdī Smṛti Saṃskāra Śikṣaṇa Nidhi], page 373, column 2.