# kennen
## Cornish
### Alternative forms

* (Revived Late Cornish) kednen

### Etymology

From kenn (“peel, scum, skin”) +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [kɛnːɛn]

### Noun

kennen m (plural kennow)
* film, membrane

### Mutation
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛnə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ken‧nen
* Rhymes: -ɛnən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch kennen, from Old Dutch kennen, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

#### Verb

kennen
* (transitive) to know (a person, a thing), be acquainted with, to have knowledge of the properties of a particular person, object or concept, through personal experience, teaching, practice, or habit; to be familiar with
    Lars kent Emma, weet je dat? — Ja, ik weet dat Lars Emma kent.Lars knows Emma, do you know? - Yes, I know that Lars knows Emma.
    Ik ken Rusland niet, ik weet niets over dat land.I don't know Russia, I don't know anything about that country.
    Ik kan goed koken, maar de Indonesische keuken ken ik eigenlijk niet; ik weet niet eens hoe je nasi goreng klaarmaakt.I know how to cook well, but I don't really know Indonesian cuisine; I don't even know how to prepare fried rice.
    Ik spreek wel een beetje alledaags Frans, maar de Franse grammatica ken ik slecht.I know a little colloquial French, but I know French grammar poorly.
* (transitive) to know, experience
    Zijn werk kende vroeger veel kritiek, maar wordt tegenwoordig geaccepteerd.His work used to experience a lot of criticism, but is nowadays accepted.
* (auxiliary, colloquial, dialectal) Synonym of kunnen

##### Derived terms

* bekennen
* erkennen
* herkennen
* kenbaar
* kenmerk
* kenschets
* kenteken
* laten kennen
* miskennen
* ontkennen
* toekennen
* van haver tot gort kennen
* verkennen
* wat de boer niet kent, dat eet hij niet

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: ken
* Negerhollands: ken

##### See also

* weten

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

kennen
* (dialectal) Alternative form of kunnen

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German kennen, from Old High German kennen, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan (“to know”), from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to know”), a causative form of *kunnaną formed with the suffix *-janą. Cognate to Bavarian kennan, Dutch kennen, Scots and English ken (“to know”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛnən/ (Germany)
** Audio (Germany):(file)
** Audio (Germany):(file)
* IPA: /ˈkɛnɛn/ (Austria, Southern Germany, Switzerland)
** Audio (Austria):(file)

### Verb

kennen (irregular weak, third-person singular present kennt, past tense kannte, past participle gekannt, past subjunctive kennte, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to know; to be acquainted with; to be familiar with
** 1887, Eduard Engel, Griechische Frühlingstage, 4th, purer edition, Radebeul bei Dresden: Haupt & Hammon, published 1927, page 361:Die Beseitigung des Schlendrians werde ich wohl nicht mehr erleben, auch dann nicht, wenn Plato selber aus der Asche auferstünde und die deutschen Schulmänner die richtige Aussprache lehrte. Sie würden ihm beweisen, daß er sich irre: er habe in den mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden seit seinem Tode gewiß die richtige Aussprache vergessen; sie aber, die deutschen Oberlehrer und Direktoren, kennten sie ganz genau: sie wäre buchstäblich so wie das Neuhochdeutsche des 20. Jahrhunderts gewesen.The abolition of this sloppy [pronunciation of Ancient Greek] I will probably never witness, not even should Plato himself rise from the ashes to teach to the German pedagogues the correct pronunciation. They would show him that he was mistaken: that he must have forgotten the correct pronunciation in the more than two millennia following his death, but that they, the German head teachers and principals, knew exactly what it was like: precisely the same as the New High German of the 20th century.

#### Usage notes

* Although the senses of both kennen and wissen are covered by English “to know”, the two German verbs are only occasionally interchangeable. Only wissen is generally used with a following subclause (I know that..., how..., when..., etc.). With nouns the distinction may be more difficult. Wissen is used with facts and memorized information (“to be aware of”, French savoir, Spanish saber), whereas kennen is used with concepts, ideas, backgrounds (“to be familiar with”, French connaître, Spanish conocer). Compare the following two sentences, both of which translate literally as “Do you know the street that he mentioned to us?”:
       Kennst du die Straße, die er uns genannt hat? ― Are you familiar with the street? Have you been there before?
       Weißt du die Straße, die er uns genannt hat? ― Do you know what street it was? Do you remember its name?
* The past subjunctive kennte is highly literary or archaic. It should be used with some caution even in formal writing.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* auskennen
* bekennen
* erkennen
* kein Pardon kennen
* Kennen
* kennen lernen
* Kenner
* Kennleuchte
* Kennmelodie
* Kennnummer
* kenntlich
* Kenntnis
* Kennung
* Kennwort
* Kennzahl
* Kennzeichen
* Kennziffer
* verkennen

### Further reading

* “kennen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “kennen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “kennen” in Duden online
* “kennen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Low German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon *kennian, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan (“to know”). Cognate with German and Dutch kennen, English ken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛnnən/

### Verb

kennen
* (transitive) to know (someone); to be acquainted with
* (transitive) to know (some fact); to have knowledge of

#### Synonyms

* (to know a fact): weten

#### Derived terms

* bekennen
* kennen lehren
* Kenntnis
* Kennen
* Kennteken
* utkennen
* verkennen

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German kennen, from Old High German *kennen, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną. Cognate with German kennen, Dutch kennen, English ken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkænən/
* Rhymes: -ænən

### Verb

kennen (third-person singular present kennt, past participle kannt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (transitive) to know

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

#### Derived terms

* auskennen
* bekennen
* erkennen
* verkennen

## Maltese

* Root
* k-n-n
* 4 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic كَنَّنَ (kannana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛn.nɛn/

### Verb

kennen (imperfect jkennen, past participle mkennen)
* to shelter, provide shelter for

#### Conjugation
## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch kennen, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

### Verb

kennen
* to know, to be familiar with
* to recognise, to know who/what someone/something is
* to recognise, to acknowledge (a fact)
* to admit
* to consider (to be)
* to establish (as fact)

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: kennen
** Afrikaans: ken
** Negerhollands: ken
* Limburgish: kènne, kinne

### Further reading

* “kennen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “kennen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* kenin

### Etymology

From Old English cennan, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛnən/

### Verb

kennen
* to make known

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) kennen, kenne | (to) kennen, kenne |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | kenne | kenned, kennte |
| 2nd-person singular | kennest | kennedest, kenntest |
| 3rd-person singular | kenneth | kenned, kennte |
| subjunctive singular | kenne | kenned, kennte |
| imperative singular | kenne | — |
| plural$^1$ | kennen, kenne | kenneden, kennede, kennten, kennte |
| imperative plural | kenneth, kenne | — |
| participles | kennynge, kennende | kenned, kennt, ykenned, ykennt |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: ken
* Scots: ken
* Yola: ee-kent (ppl.)

#### References

* “kennen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Middle High German
### Etymology

From Old High German kennen, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɛnen/

### Verb

kennen (mixed, third-person singular present kennet, past tense kande, past participle kennet or kant or gekant, auxiliary hān)
* (transitive) to know

#### Descendants

* German: kennen

### Further reading

mhdwb-online: kennen

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German kennen, from Old High German kennan, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”). Cognate to German kennen, Scots ken.

### Verb

kennen
* to know, be familiar with

### References

* “kennen” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.

### Verb

kennen
* to know, to be aware of

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: kennen
** Dutch: kennen
*** Afrikaans: ken
*** Negerhollands: ken
** Limburgish: kènne, kinne

#### Further reading

* “kennen”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.

### Verb

kennen
* (transitive) to know, to be aware of

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: kennen
** German: kennen