# Irak
## English
### Proper noun

Irak
* (dated and non-native speakers' English) Rare spelling of Iraq.
** 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 41:Ben Shohnah relates, that in the year 456 of the Hejira, in the reign of Caiem, the twenty-sixth caliph of the house of Abbas, a report was raised in Bagdad which immediately spread throughout the whole province of Irak, that some Turks being out hunting saw in the desert a black tent, beneath which there was a number of people of both sexes, who were beating their cheeks, and uttering loud cries, as is the custom in the East when any one is dead.

### Anagrams

* kira, raik, rika, Rika, Arik, krai, ikra, Kira, Kari, raki

## Afrikaans
### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; capital: Bagdad)

#### Derived terms

* Irakiër
* Irakkees
* Iraks

## Albanian
### Proper noun

Irak m (definite Iraku)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)
    Synonym: Republika e Irakut

#### Declension
## Central Huasteca Nahuatl
### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

## Danish
### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iraker
* irakisk

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈrɑk/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Irak n
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

## Faroese
### Proper noun

Irak n
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈirɑk/, [ˈirɑ̝k]
* Rhymes: -irɑk
* Hyphenation: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)
    Irakin tasavalta ― Republic of Iraq

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Irak (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Irakini
accusative
nom.
Irakini
gen.
Irakini
genitive
Irakini
partitive
Irakiani
inessive
Irakissani
elative
Irakistani
illative
Irakiini
adessive
Irakillani
ablative
Irakiltani
allative
Irakilleni
essive
Irakinani
translative
Irakikseni
abessive
Irakittani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Irakisi
accusative
nom.
Irakisi
gen.
Irakisi
genitive
Irakisi
partitive
Irakiasi
inessive
Irakissasi
elative
Irakistasi
illative
Irakiisi
adessive
Irakillasi
ablative
Irakiltasi
allative
Irakillesi
essive
Irakinasi
translative
Irakiksesi
abessive
Irakittasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Irakimme
accusative
nom.
Irakimme
gen.
Irakimme
genitive
Irakimme
partitive
Irakiamme
inessive
Irakissamme
elative
Irakistamme
illative
Irakiimme
adessive
Irakillamme
ablative
Irakiltamme
allative
Irakillemme
essive
Irakinamme
translative
Irakiksemme
abessive
Irakittamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Irakinne
accusative
nom.
Irakinne
gen.
Irakinne
genitive
Irakinne
partitive
Irakianne
inessive
Irakissanne
elative
Irakistanne
illative
Irakiinne
adessive
Irakillanne
ablative
Irakiltanne
allative
Irakillenne
essive
Irakinanne
translative
Irakiksenne
abessive
Irakittanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Irakinsa
accusative
nom.
Irakinsa
gen.
Irakinsa
genitive
Irakinsa
partitive
Irakiaan Irakiansa
inessive
Irakissaan Irakissansa
elative
Irakistaan Irakistansa
illative
Irakiinsa
adessive
Irakillaan Irakillansa
ablative
Irakiltaan Irakiltansa
allative
Irakilleen Irakillensa
essive
Irakinaan Irakinansa
translative
Irakikseen Irakiksensa
abessive
Irakittaan Irakittansa
instructive
comitative

#### Derived terms

* irakilainen

### Anagrams

* Kari, arki, kari, raki

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ʁak/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Irak m
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* État islamique d’Irak
* État islamique en Irak et au Levant

#### See also

* Afghanistan
* Arabie saoudite
* Arménie
* Azerbaïdjan
* Bahreïn
* Bangladesh
* Bhoutan
* Birmanie
* Brunei
* Cambodge
* Chine
* Chypre
* Corée du Nord
* Corée du Sud
* Émirats arabes unis
* Géorgie
* Inde
* Indonésie
* Irak
* Iran
* Israël
* Japon
* Jordanie
* Kazakhstan
* Kirghizistan
* Koweït
* Laos
* Liban
* Malaisie
* Maldives
* Mongolie
* Népal
* Oman
* Ouzbékistan
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russie
* Singapour
* Sri Lanka
* Syrie
* Tadjikistan
* Thaïlande
* Timor oriental
* Turkménistan
* Turquie
* Vietnam
* Yémen

## German
### Alternative forms

* Erack (obsolete)
* Irack (obsolete)
* Jerack (in Fraktur with a single type J for I and J; obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈʁaːk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːk

### Proper noun

Irak m or n (proper noun, strong, genitive Iraks or Irak, plural Irak)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)
** (Can we date this quote?), Siegfried Auermann, Germanen und Wikinger. Wikingerfahrten, Normanenreiche, Runenkunde, Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag Mannheim e.K., page 101:
    Dreißig Jahre nachher fuhren ſie auf Strömen und über Land in das Kaſpische Meer hinein, ſpäter drangen ſie gar bis nach Aserbeidſchan und in das Irak vor.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1821, Friedrich Chriſtoph Schloſſer, Weltgeſchichte in zuſammenhängender Erzählung. Dritten Bandes erſter Theil, page 82:Auch mit ſeinem Halbbruder Mohammed mußte er hernach theilen h); dieſer behielt Aderbidſchan und ihm ſelbst blieb nur die Herrſchaft des Oſtens und die Oberlehnsherrſchaft über beide Irak.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1824, Joſeph von Hammer, Motenebbi, der größte arabiſche Dichter, page XXIX:Motenebbi hatte zwar ſelbst nach ſeiner Trennung von Seifeddewlet desſelben in mittelbarem und unmittelbarem Lobe gedacht, aber er fühlte ſich doch nicht mehr an deſſen Hof hingezogen, und begab ſich nun an den des großen Fürſten der Dynaſtie Bujeh, Adhad-ed-dewlet, welcher die beyden Irak (das arabiſche und perſiſche) beherrſchte, und wechſelweiſe in den Hauptſtädten dieſer beyden Länder, zu Schiraſ und Bagdad, reſidierte.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* The word is sometimes used without a definite article as in English: Irak, in Irak. In this case, the genitive is always Iraks, for example Iraks Hauptstadt – "Iraq's capital".
* More commonly, however, the definite article is used with the name: der Irak, im Irak. In this case, the genitive usually is des Irak, although des Iraks is also correct: die Hauptstadt des Irak(s) – "the capital of Iraq".
* The plural refers to the Arabian or Arab Iraq and the Persian Iraq.

#### Derived terms

* Iraker
* irakisch
* Irak-Dinar
* Irakkrieg

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈirɒk]
* Hyphenation: Irak
* Rhymes: -ɒk

### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* iraki

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch Irak, from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”), of uncertain derivation. Medieval Arabic uses ‘Iraq’ as a geographical term for the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. Some Arabic sources say that Iraq comes from عَرِيق (ʕarīq, “deep-rooted”), from عِرْق (ʕirq, “root”), while others say it is from Middle Persian's Middle Persian ˀl'k' (/⁠erāg⁠/, “lowlands”), due to historic rule from Iraq's plateau-situated neighbor, Persia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈirak̚]
* Hyphenation: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

### See also

* Afganistan
* Arab Saudi
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Filipina
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Jepang
* Kamboja
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgizstan
* Korea Selatan
* Korea Utara
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libanon
* Maladewa
* Malaysia
* Mesir
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Qatar
* Rusia
* Singapura
* Siprus
* Sri Lanka
* Suriah
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor Leste
* Tiongkok
* Turki
* Turkmenistan
* Uni Emirat Arab
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yaman
* Yordania

### Further reading

* “Irak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* iraker
* irakisk, iraksk

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* irakar
* irakisk, iraksk

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.rak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -irak
* Syllabification: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Irak m
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* iracki
* Irakijczyk
* Irakijka

### Further reading

* Irak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Irak in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Irak n
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǐraːk/
* Hyphenation: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Ìrāk m (Cyrillic spelling Ѝра̄к)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈirak]

### Proper noun

Irak m inan (genitive singular Iraku, declension pattern of dub)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* Iračan m
* Iračanka f
* iracký

### Further reading

* “Irak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iráːk/

### Proper noun

Irȃk m inan
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Related terms

* Iračàn / Iračánka
* iráški

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* Iraq

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈɾak/ [iˈɾak]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Irak m
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Usage notes

* The definite article is optional when referring to Iraq's exonym in Spanish (i.e. el Iraq). In writing, it tends to be preceded by the definite article when spelt with a 'q' and tends to lack the article when spelt with a 'k' although this may vary regionally.

#### Related terms

* iraquí

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪˈrɑːk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːk

### Proper noun

Irak n (genitive Iraks)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* irakier
* irakisk
* irakiska

### References

* Irak in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* Svensk MeSH

### Anagrams

* rika

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Irak (“Iraq”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈɾak/ [ʔɪˈɾak̚]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: I‧rak

### Proper noun

Irák (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜃ᜔)
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Coordinate terms

* Apganistan
* Armenya ~ Armenia
* Aserbayan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Biyetnam
* Brunei ~ Brunay
* Ehipto
* Emiratos Arabes Unidos
* Hapon
* Heorhiya
* Hilagang Korea
* Indiya
* Indonesya ~ Indonesia
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kambodya
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgistan
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libano, Lebanon
* Malasya, Malaysia
* Maldibas, Maldives
* Mongolya ~ Mongolia
* Myanmar, Birmanya
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Pilipinas
* Qatar
* Rusya
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapura
* Sirya ~ Siria
* Sri Lanka
* Tayikistan ~ Tajikistan
* Taylandiya
* Taywan
* Timog Korea
* Timor-Leste, Silangang Timor
* Tsina
* Tsipre
* Turkiya
* Turkmenistan
* Usbekistan
* Yemen

### Anagrams

* kari

## Turkish

Picture dictionary :
Irak
Levant
Suriye
Lübnan
Filistin
İsrail
Ürdün
Mısır
Suudi Arabistan
Irak
Türkiye
Kuzey Kıbrıs
Güney Kıbrıs
Akdeniz
Kızıldeniz
Nil
Fırat :

### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish عراق (“low country along a river, especially the Tigris”), from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɯːɾɑk/
* Hyphenation: I‧rak
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Irak
* Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

#### Derived terms

* Iraklı

### See also

* Afganistan
* Azerbaycan
* Bahreyn
* Bangladeş
* Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri
* Bruney
* Butan
* Çin
* Doğu Timor
* Endonezya
* Ermenistan
* Filipinler
* Filistin
* Güney Kore
* Gürcistan
* Hindistan
* Irak
* İran
* İsrail
* Japonya
* Kamboçya
* Katar
* Kazakistan
* Kıbrıs
* Kırgızistan
* Kuveyt
* Kuzey Kore
* Laos
* Lübnan
* Maldivler
* Malezya
* Mısır
* Moğolistan
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Özbekistan
* Pakistan
* Rusya
* Singapur
* Sri Lanka
* Suriye
* Suudi Arabistan
* Tacikistan
* Tayland
* Tayvan
* Türkiye
* Türkmenistan
* Umman
* Ürdün
* Vietnam
* Yemen

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عراق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1292