# 荇菜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xìngcài
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^6$ coi$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hēng-chhài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìngcài
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìngcài
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^4$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: syìng-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqtsay
*** Palladius: синцай (sincaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^6$ coi$^3$
*** Yale: hahng choi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^6$ tsoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^6$ coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-chhài
*** Tâi-lô: hīng-tshài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hexngzhaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
* Middle Chinese: haengX tshojH
Rime :
| Character | 荇 | 菜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 何梗切 | 倉代切 |
| Baxter | haengX | tshojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sʰɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hèng | cài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^6$ | coi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋʔ sʰɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荇 | 菜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xìng | cài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng$^X$ › | ‹ tshoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁraŋʔ/ | /*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/ |
| English | Limnanthemum nymphoides | vegetables |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荇 | 菜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13875 | 1076 |
| Phonetic component | 行 | 采 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 杏 | 菜 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːŋʔ/ | /*sʰɯːs/ |
| Notes | 說文同莕 | |

### Noun

荇菜
* fringed water lily (Nymphoides peltata)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Cēncī xìngcài, zuǒyòu liú zhī [Pinyin]
    Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 荇 | 菜 |
| あさざ ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 莕菜

### Noun

荇菜(あさざ) or 荇菜(アサザ) • (asaza)
* fringed water lily, Nymphoides peltata

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).