# تردد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Compare رَدَّ (radda, “to return”).

#### Verb

تَرَدَّدَ • (taraddada) V (non-past يَتَرَدَّدُ (yataraddadu), verbal noun تَرَدُّد (taraddud))
* to be made to go back
* to return or come back again and again to [with إِلَى (ʔilā) or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘to somewhere’]
* to frequent [with عَلَى (ʕalā) or (rarely) إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to somewhere’]
* to alternate, to move to and fro
* to hesitate, to be reluctant [with فِي (fī) ‘in something’ or بَيْنَ (bayna) ‘between things’ or أَن (ʔan, + subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’]
* to waver, to vacillate [with فِي (fī) ‘in something’]
* to make repeated efforts
* to reiterate, to do repeatedly [with فِي (fī) ‘an action’]
* to be repeated frequently, to be reiterated
* to be frequently refused or repelled
* to remember or remind frequently

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “تردد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Mace, John (2007) “تردد”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تردد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

تَرَدُّد • (taraddud) m
* verbal noun of تَرَدَّدَ (taraddada) (form V)
* reluctance, indecision, hesitation, wavering
* frequency

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: tərəddüd
* → Ottoman Turkish: تردد (tereddüd)
** Turkish: tereddüt
* → Pashto: تردد
* → Persian: تردد
* → Uyghur: تەرەددۇت (tereddut)
* → Uzbek: taraddud

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

تردد (form I)
* تَرْدُدْ (tardud) /tar.dud/: inflection of رَدَّ (radda):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُرْدَدْ (turdad) /tur.dad/: inflection of رَدَّ (radda):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

تردد (form II)
* تُرَدِّدُ (turaddidu) /tu.rad.di.du/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تُرَدَّدُ (turaddadu) /tu.rad.da.du/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
* تُرَدِّدَ (turaddida) /tu.rad.di.da/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
* تُرَدَّدَ (turaddada) /tu.rad.da.da/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive
* تُرَدِّدْ (turaddid) /tu.rad.did/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُرَدَّدْ (turaddad) /tu.rad.dad/: inflection of رَدَّدَ (raddada):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَرَدُّد (taraddud).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ta.ɾað.ˈduð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɾäd̪.d̪ʊ́d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɾäd̪.d̪ʊ́d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɾäd̪.d̪ʊ́d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɾäd̪.d̪úd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæ.ɹæd̪.d̪ód̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ɾäd̪.d̪úd̪]

### Noun

تردد • (taraddod)
* regular traffic; movement back and forth
    تردد در شهر ونیز به وسیله قایق صورت می‌گیرد.taraddod dar šahr-e veniz be vasile-ye qâyeq surat mi-girad.Traffic in the city of Venice takes place by means of boats.
* hesitation, indecision

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “تردد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim