# cathaigh
## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish cathaigid. By surface analysis, cath (“battle”) +‎ -aigh.

#### Verb

cathaigh (present analytic cathaíonn, future analytic cathóidh, verbal noun cathú, past participle cathaithe) (literary)
* to fight, battle [with le ‘with’]
* to tempt

##### Usage notes

While the verbal noun cathú is still the ordinary word for “temptation”, the finite verb cathaigh is now rarely used in the colloquial language.

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | cathaím | cathaíonn tú; cathaír$^†$ | cathaíonn sé, sí | cathaímid; cathaíonn muid | cathaíonn sibh | cathaíonn siad; cathaíd$^†$ | a chathaíonn; a chathaíos / a gcathaíonn* | cathaítear |
| indicative | past | chathaigh mé; chathaíos | chathaigh tú; chathaís | chathaigh sé, sí | chathaíomar; chathaigh muid | chathaigh sibh; chathaíobhair | chathaigh siad; chathaíodar | a chathaigh / ar chathaigh* | cathaíodh |
| indicative | past habitual | chathaínn / gcathaínn‡‡ | chathaíteá / gcathaíteá‡‡ | chathaíodh sé, sí / gcathaíodh sé, sí‡‡ | chathaímis; chathaíodh muid / gcathaímis‡‡; gcathaíodh muid‡‡ | chathaíodh sibh / gcathaíodh sibh‡‡ | chathaídís; chathaíodh siad / gcathaídís‡‡; gcathaíodh siad‡‡ | a chathaíodh / a gcathaíodh* | chathaítí / gcathaítí‡‡ |
| future | future | cathóidh mé; cathód; cathóchaidh mé$^†$ | cathóidh tú; cathóir$^†$; cathóchaidh tú$^†$ | cathóidh sé, sí; cathóchaidh sé, sí$^†$ | cathóimid; cathóidh muid; cathóchaimid$^†$; cathóchaidh muid$^†$ | cathóidh sibh; cathóchaidh sibh$^†$ | cathóidh siad; cathóid$^†$; cathóchaidh siad$^†$ | a chathóidh; a chathós; a chathóchaidh$^†$; a chathóchas$^†$ / a gcathóidh*; a gcathóchaidh*$^†$ | cathófar; cathóchar$^†$ |
| conditional | conditional | chathóinn; chathóchainn$^†$ / gcathóinn‡‡; gcathóchainn$^†$‡‡ | chathófá; chathóchthá$^†$ / gcathófá‡‡; gcathóchthá$^†$‡‡ | chathódh sé, sí; chathóchadh sé, sí$^†$ / gcathódh sé, sí‡‡; gcathóchadh sé, sí$^†$‡‡ | chathóimis; chathódh muid; chathóchaimis$^†$; chathóchadh muid$^†$ / gcathóimis‡‡; gcathódh muid‡‡; gcathóchaimis$^†$‡‡; gcathóchadh muid$^†$‡‡ | chathódh sibh; chathóchadh sibh$^†$ / gcathódh sibh‡‡; gcathóchadh sibh$^†$‡‡ | chathóidís; chathódh siad; chathóchadh siad$^†$ / gcathóidís‡‡; gcathódh siad‡‡; gcathóchadh siad$^†$‡‡ | a chathódh; a chathóchadh$^†$ / a gcathódh*; a gcathóchadh*$^†$ | chathófaí; chathóchthaí$^†$ / gcathófaí‡‡; gcathóchthaí$^†$‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gcathaí mé; go gcathaíod$^†$ | go gcathaí tú; go gcathaír$^†$ | go gcathaí sé, sí | go gcathaímid; go gcathaí muid | go gcathaí sibh | go gcathaí siad; go gcathaíd$^†$ | — | go gcathaítear |
| subjunctive | past | dá gcathaínn | dá gcathaíteá | dá gcathaíodh sé, sí | dá gcathaímis; dá gcathaíodh muid | dá gcathaíodh sibh | dá gcathaídís; dá gcathaíodh siad | — | dá gcathaítí |
| imperative | imperative | cathaím | cathaigh | cathaíodh sé, sí | cathaímis | cathaígí; cathaídh$^†$ | cathaídís | — | cathaítear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | cathú | cathú | cathú | cathú | cathú | cathú | cathú | cathú |
| past participle | past participle | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe | cathaithe |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Synonyms

* (fight, battle): troid, streachail
* (tempt): cuir cathú ar

#### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “caṫuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 122
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cathaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

cathaigh
* vocative/genitive singular of cathach m
* (archaic or dialectal) dative singular of cathach f

#### Adjective

cathaigh
* inflection of cathach:
** masculine vocative/genitive singular
** (archaic or dialectal) feminine dative singular

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cathaigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language