# 墊

| 墊 | U+588A, &#22666; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-588A |
| ← 墉 [U+5889] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 墋 → [U+588B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

墊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土戈土 (GIG), four-corner 4510$_4$, composition ⿱執土)

#### Derived characters

* 𡫓, 𫉷, 𩆔, 𫸃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5420
* Dae Jaweon: page 476, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 477, character 8
* Unihan data for U+588A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 騺 | *tibs |
| 摯 | *tjibs |
| 贄 | *tjibs |
| 鷙 | *tjibs |
| 墊 | *tiːms, *diːb |
| 慹 | *tjeb, *ndiːb, *sdib, *tjib |
| 謺 | *tjeb |
| 褺 | *diːb |
| 蓻 | *stib |
| 縶 | *tib |
| 漐 | *tʰib |
| 蟄 | *dib |
| 執 | *tjib |
| 瓡 | *tjib |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb): phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

### Etymology
#### "to pay in advance"

Replaced 㞟 (diàn).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “zin3 from 荐?”)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^3$ / din$^3$ / din$^{3-2}$ / zin$^{3-2}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiap / tiap
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâing
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiàm / tiān / tiām / tiàn / thiām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diêng$^6$ / diang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diànr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diànr
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dyànr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diall
*** Palladius: дяньр (djanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^3$ / din$^3$ / din$^{3-2}$ / zin$^{3-2}$
*** Yale: jin / din / dín / jín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^3$ / din$^3$ / din$^{3-2}$ / dzin$^{3-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^3$ / din$^3$ / din$^{3-2}$ / jin$^{3-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³³/, /tiːn³³/, /tiːn³³⁻³⁵/, /t͡siːn³³⁻³⁵/
* din3 - literary;
* zin3 - vernacular;.

#### Definitions

墊
* pad; cushion; mat
* to put something under something else to raise or balance it
    用嚟墊煲底／用嚟垫煲底 [Cantonese] ― jung$^6$ lai$^4$ zin$^3$ bou$^1$ dai$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to use as a mat for a pot
* to fill up something; to insert something
* (Southern Min) to sow

##### Synonyms

* (pad): 墊子／垫子 (diànzi)

#### Compounds

* 坐墊 / 坐垫 (zuòdiàn)
* 墊上運動 / 垫上运动
* 墊圈 / 垫圈
* 墊圈兒 / 垫圈儿
* 墊場 / 垫场 (diànchǎng)
* 墊子 / 垫子 (diànzi)
* 墊平 / 垫平
* 墊底 / 垫底 (diàndǐ)
* 墊底兒 / 垫底儿
* 墊戲 / 垫戏
* 墊板 / 垫板
* 墊肩 / 垫肩 (diànjiān)
* 墊背 / 垫背 (diànbèi)
* 墊脚石
* 墊腳 / 垫脚
* 墊腳石 / 垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí)
* 墊褥 / 垫褥
* 墊高 / 垫高
* 封墊 / 封垫
* 床墊 / 床垫 (chuángdiàn)
* 拜墊 / 拜垫
* 杯墊 / 杯垫 (bēidiàn)
* 桌墊 / 桌垫
* 椅墊 / 椅垫 (yǐdiàn)
* 檯墊 / 台垫
* 氣墊船 / 气垫船 (qìdiànchuán)
* 襯墊 / 衬垫
* 針墊 / 针垫
* 鞋墊 / 鞋垫 (xiédiàn)
* 鞋墊仔 / 鞋垫仔
* 餐墊 / 餐垫 (cāndiàn)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): din$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: din$^6$
*** Yale: dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

墊
* to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody

##### Synonyms

* 墊付／垫付 (diànfù)

#### Compounds

* 墊不起 / 垫不起
* 墊付 / 垫付 (diànfù)
* 墊支 / 垫支 (diànzhī)
* 墊款 / 垫款
* 墊用 / 垫用
* 墊補 / 垫补
* 墊話 / 垫话
* 墊財 / 垫财
* 墊錢 / 垫钱

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dim$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dim$^3$
*** Yale: dim
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dim$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːm³³/
* Middle Chinese: temH
Rime :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都念切 |
| Baxter | temH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tem$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tem$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tem$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tiem$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dim$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤ[i]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tem$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ˁ[i]m-s/ |
| English | descend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17279 |
| Phonetic component | 執 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 店 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːms/ |

#### Definitions

墊
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend

#### Compounds

* 墊没
* 墊溺 / 垫溺
* 墊裂 / 垫裂
* 墊陷 / 垫陷
* 昏墊 / 昏垫

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dié, diàn (die$^2$, dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ, ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dip$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dié
*** Wade–Giles: tieh$^2$
*** Yale: dyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
*** Palladius: де (de)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dip$^6$
*** Yale: dihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːp̚²/
* Middle Chinese: dep
Rime :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒協切 |
| Baxter | dep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diep̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤip/
    (Zhengzhang): /*diːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tep › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ˁip/ |
| English | (place in Sìchuān, no pre-Hàn text) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墊 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17283 |
| Phonetic component | 執 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牒 |
| Old Chinese | /*diːb/ |

#### Definitions

墊
* Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng).

### References

* “墊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)、ちょう (chō)、じょう (jō)
* Kun: おちいる (ochīru)、おぼれる (oboreru)、なやむ (nayamu)

## Korean
### Hanja

墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

墊: Hán Nôm readings: điếm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.