OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ফ্ৰান্স
## Assamese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English France.

### Proper noun

ফ্ৰান্স • (phrañs)
* France (a country in Western Europe)

#### Declension
### See also

* অষ্ট্ৰিয়া (ostria)
* আইচলেণ্ড (aislendo)
* আয়াৰলেণ্ড (ayarlendo)
* আল্বেনিয়া (albenia)
* ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
* ইটালী (itali)
* এণ্ডৰা (endora)
* এষ্ট’নিয়া (estönia)
* কাজাখস্তান (kazakhostan)
* ক্ৰয়েছিয়া (kroesia)
* গ্ৰীচ (gris)
* চান মাৰিন’ (san marinö)
* চাৰ্বিয়া (sarbia)
* চুইজাৰলেণ্ড (suizarlendo)
* চুইডেন (suiden)
* চেক গণতন্ত্ৰ (sek gonotontro)
* জাৰ্মানী (zarmani)
* ডেনমাৰ্ক (denmark)
* তুৰস্ক (turosko)
* নেদাৰলেণ্ড (nedarlendo)
* নৰ্ৱে (norwe)
* পৰ্টুগাল (portugal)
* প’লেণ্ড (pölendo)
* ফিনলেণ্ড (phinlendo)
* ফ্ৰান্স (phrans)
* বস্নিয়া আৰু হেৰ্জেগ’ভিনা (bosnia aru herzegöbhina)
* বুল্গাৰিয়া (bulgaria)
* বেলাৰুছ (belarus)
* বেল্জিয়াম (belziam)
* ভেটিকান চহৰ (bhetikan sohor)
* মনাক’ (monakö)
* মন্টেনেগ্ৰ’ (montenegrö)
* মল্ড’ভা (moldöbha)
* মাল্টা (malta)
* মেচেড’নিয়া (mesedönia)
* যুক্তৰাজ্য (zuktoraizzo)
* লাক্সেমবাৰ্গ (laksembargo)
* লাৎভিয়া (latbhia)
* লিখটেনষ্টাইন (likhtenstain)
* লিছুৱানিয়া (lisuania)
* স্পেইন (spein)
* স্ল’ভাকিয়া (slöbhakia)
* স্ল’ভেনিয়া (slöbhenia)
* হাংগেৰী (haṅgeri)
* ৰুছ দেশ (rus dex)
* ৰোমানিয়া (rümania)
# চুইডেন
## Assamese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Sweden.

### Proper noun

চুইডেন • (suiden)
* Sweden

#### Declension
### See also

* অষ্ট্ৰিয়া (ostria)
* আইচলেণ্ড (aislendo)
* আয়াৰলেণ্ড (ayarlendo)
* আল্বেনিয়া (albenia)
* ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
* ইটালী (itali)
* এণ্ডৰা (endora)
* এষ্ট’নিয়া (estönia)
* কাজাখস্তান (kazakhostan)
* ক্ৰয়েছিয়া (kroesia)
* গ্ৰীচ (gris)
* চান মাৰিন’ (san marinö)
* চাৰ্বিয়া (sarbia)
* চুইজাৰলেণ্ড (suizarlendo)
* চুইডেন (suiden)
* চেক গণতন্ত্ৰ (sek gonotontro)
* জাৰ্মানী (zarmani)
* ডেনমাৰ্ক (denmark)
* তুৰস্ক (turosko)
* নেদাৰলেণ্ড (nedarlendo)
* নৰ্ৱে (norwe)
* পৰ্টুগাল (portugal)
* প’লেণ্ড (pölendo)
* ফিনলেণ্ড (phinlendo)
* ফ্ৰান্স (phrans)
* বস্নিয়া আৰু হেৰ্জেগ’ভিনা (bosnia aru herzegöbhina)
* বুল্গাৰিয়া (bulgaria)
* বেলাৰুছ (belarus)
* বেল্জিয়াম (belziam)
* ভেটিকান চহৰ (bhetikan sohor)
* মনাক’ (monakö)
* মন্টেনেগ্ৰ’ (montenegrö)
* মল্ড’ভা (moldöbha)
* মাল্টা (malta)
* মেচেড’নিয়া (mesedönia)
* যুক্তৰাজ্য (zuktoraizzo)
* লাক্সেমবাৰ্গ (laksembargo)
* লাৎভিয়া (latbhia)
* লিখটেনষ্টাইন (likhtenstain)
* লিছুৱানিয়া (lisuania)
* স্পেইন (spein)
* স্ল’ভাকিয়া (slöbhakia)
* স্ল’ভেনিয়া (slöbhenia)
* হাংগেৰী (haṅgeri)
* ৰুছ দেশ (rus dex)
* ৰোমানিয়া (rümania)
# Belgie
## English
### Noun

Belgie (plural Belgies)
* (slang) A Belgian.
** 1980, Barbara Hanrahan, The Frangipani Garden, page 11:Jim Reed began talking about the Tommies, the Aussies, the Froggies, the Belgies, the Pork and Cheese.
** 1984, Pamela Haines, The Diamond Waterfall, page 353:Money's coming through any day from the Belgies — it's all in order, paper work, all that — but we need to put up a bit extra just now. Before it comes through.
** 2014, Leo Kessler, SS Panzer Battalion: Wotan's First Mission:If you listen carefully, you can hear the Belgies down below in the underground galleries. Hundreds of them there are.

### Anagrams

* Biegel, Geibel, Giebel, beigel

## Czech
### Etymology

From Latin Belgia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛlɡɪjɛ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪjɛ
* Hyphenation: Bel‧gie

### Proper noun

Belgie f (relational adjective belgický, demonym Belgičan, female demonym Belgičanka)
* Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)

#### Declension
### See also

* Albánie
* Andorra
* Arménie
* Ázerbájdžán
* Belgie
* Bělorusko
* Bosna a Hercegovina
* Bulharsko
* Černá Hora
* Česko
* Dánsko
* Estonsko
* Finsko
* Francie
* Gruzie
* Chorvatsko
* Irsko
* Island
* Itálie
* Kazachstán
* Kosovo
* Kypr
* Lichtenštejnsko
* Litva
* Lotyšsko
* Lucembursko
* Maďarsko
* Malta
* Moldavsko
* Monako
* Německo
* Nizozemsko
* Norsko
* Polsko
* Portugalsko
* Rakousko
* Rumunsko
* Rusko
* Řecko
* San Marino
* Severní Makedonie
* Slovensko
* Slovinsko
* Spojené království
* Srbsko
* Španělsko
* Švédsko
* Švýcarsko
* Turecko
* Ukrajina
* Vatikán

### Further reading

* “Belgie”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Belgie”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “Belgie” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “Belgie”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Dutch
### Proper noun

Belgie
* Misspelling of België.
# Ázerbájdžán
## Czech
### Etymology

From Persian آذربایجان (âzarbâyjân). See English Azerbaijan for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaːzɛrbaːjdʒaːn]
* Hyphenation: Ázer‧báj‧d‧žán

### Proper noun

Ázerbájdžán m inan (relational adjective ázerbájdžánský, demonym Ázerbájdžánec, female demonym Ázerbájdžánka)
* Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)

#### Related terms

* ázerbájdžánština f

### See also

* Albánie
* Andorra
* Arménie
* Ázerbájdžán
* Belgie
* Bělorusko
* Bosna a Hercegovina
* Bulharsko
* Černá Hora
* Česko
* Dánsko
* Estonsko
* Finsko
* Francie
* Gruzie
* Chorvatsko
* Irsko
* Island
* Itálie
* Kazachstán
* Kosovo
* Kypr
* Lichtenštejnsko
* Litva
* Lotyšsko
* Lucembursko
* Maďarsko
* Malta
* Moldavsko
* Monako
* Německo
* Nizozemsko
* Norsko
* Polsko
* Portugalsko
* Rakousko
* Rumunsko
* Rusko
* Řecko
* San Marino
* Severní Makedonie
* Slovensko
* Slovinsko
* Spojené království
* Srbsko
* Španělsko
* Švédsko
* Švýcarsko
* Turecko
* Ukrajina
* Vatikán

### Further reading

* “Ázerbájdžán”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Ázerbájdžán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “Ázerbájdžán” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “Ázerbájdžán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# -NEEZ
## Navajo
### Root

-NEEZ
* Alternative form of -NÉÉZ
# гозба
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Simplification of an earlier гостба (gostba), from Proto-Slavic *gostьba. Morphologically equivalent to гост (gost, “guest”) +‎ -ба (-ba). Originally meant food that is served to guests.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɔzbɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

го́зба • (gózba) f (diminutive го́збица or го́збичка)
* dish

#### Related terms

* госту́ване (gostúvane, “visit as a guest”)
* гоща́вка (goštávka), угоще́ние (ugošténie, “feast, treat”)

### References

* “гозба”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “гозба”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gostьba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɔzba]

### Noun

гозба • (gozba) f (diminutive гозбичка or гозбиче)
* feast

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Underwent the same process of simplification like in Bulgarian of an earlier гостба, from Proto-Slavic *gostьba. Morphologically equivalent to гост (“guest”) +‎ -ба. Originally meant food that is served to guests.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡǒzba/
* Hyphenation: гоз‧ба

### Noun

го̀зба f (Latin spelling gòzba)
* feast
# بھارت
## Urdu

Picture dictionary :
بھارت
برصغیر پاک و ہند
افغانستان
کشمیر
پنجاب
پاکستان
بلوچستان
سندھ
ہریانہ
راجستھان
گجرات
ہماچل پردیش
اتر کھنڈ
اُتّر پردیش
بہار
جھارکھنڈ
مدھیہ پردیش
مہاراشٹرا
چھتیس گڑھ
اوڈیشہ
مغربی بنگال
تلنگانہ
کرناٹک
آندھرا پردیش
کیرلا
تامل ناڈو
بھارت
نیپال
بھوٹان
اروناچل پردیش
آسام
بنگلہ دیش
سری لنکا
مالدیپ
جزائر انڈمان
چین
برما :
* دہلیدہلی
* پاکستانپاکستان
* بنگلہ دیشبنگلہ دیش
* مشرق وسطیمشرق وسطی

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bʱɑː.ɾət̪/
* Rhymes: -ət̪
* Hyphenation: بھا‧رَت

### Proper noun

بھارَت • (bhārat) m (Hindi spelling भारत)
* India, Bharat (a country in South Asia)
    Synonyms: ہِنْدِیَہ (hindiya), ہِنْدُوسْتان (hindūstān), اِنْڈِیا (inḍiyā)
* (historical) Hindustan, the undivided Indian subcontinent

### See also

* بَن٘گْلَہ دیش (baṅgla deś)
* بُھوٹان (bhūṭān)
* بھارَت (bhārat)
* سِری لَن٘کا (sirī laṅkā)
* مالْدِیپ (māldīp)
* نیپال (nepāl)
* پاکِسْتان (pākistān)

### Further reading

* “بھارت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “بھارت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
# سری لنکا
## Urdu

Picture dictionary :
سری لنکا
برصغیر پاک و ہند
افغانستان
کشمیر
پنجاب
پاکستان
بلوچستان
سندھ
ہریانہ
راجستھان
گجرات
ہماچل پردیش
اتر کھنڈ
اُتّر پردیش
بہار
جھارکھنڈ
مدھیہ پردیش
مہاراشٹرا
چھتیس گڑھ
اوڈیشہ
مغربی بنگال
تلنگانہ
کرناٹک
آندھرا پردیش
کیرلا
تامل ناڈو
بھارت
نیپال
بھوٹان
اروناچل پردیش
آسام
بنگلہ دیش
سری لنکا
مالدیپ
جزائر انڈمان
چین
برما :
* دہلیدہلی
* پاکستانپاکستان
* بنگلہ دیشبنگلہ دیش
* مشرق وسطیمشرق وسطی

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sɪ.ɾiː ləŋ.kɑː/
* Rhymes: -ɑː
* Hyphenation: سِ‧ری‧لَن٘‧کا

### Proper noun

سِری لَن٘کا • (sirī laṅkā) m (Hindi spelling श्रीलंका)
* Sri Lanka (a country in South Asia)

### See also

* بَن٘گْلَہ دیش (baṅgla deś)
* بُھوٹان (bhūṭān)
* بھارَت (bhārat)
* سِری لَن٘کا (sirī laṅkā)
* مالْدِیپ (māldīp)
* نیپال (nepāl)
* پاکِسْتان (pākistān)
# ʋ

| ʋ | U+028B, &#651; LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK |
| ← ʊ [U+028A] | IPA Extensions | ʌ → [U+028C] |
| ᶹ | U+1DB9, &#7609; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH HOOK |
| ← ᶸ [U+1DB8] | Phonetic Extensions Supplement | ᶺ → [U+1DBA] |
* The letter ʋ has more u-like and more v-like variants

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA:(file)

### Symbol

ʋ
* (IPA) a voiced labiodental approximant.
* (superscript ⟨ᶹ⟩, IPA) [ʋ]-coloring, such as a rhotacized vowel ⟨Vᶹ⟩ in some dialects of English; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʋ].
* (superscript ⟨ᶹ⟩, VoQS) labio-dentalized (a type of [ʋ]-coloring), e.g. [sᶹ], [zᶹ] and [ɹᶹ] for some individuals in English.
* (IPA, obsolete) a voiced bilabial fricative; superseded by β
    The voiceless equivalent of ⟨ʋ⟩ was ⟨ꜰ⟩. Both were replaced in 1932.

#### Alternative forms

* υ (nonstandard)

#### Further reading

* labiodental approximant on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Choctaw
### Alternative forms

* a

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

### Letter

ʋ (upper case Ʋ)
* A letter of the Choctaw alphabet.

## Ewe
### Etymology

Based on the italic form of v; early IPA usage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /β/

### Letter

ʋ (upper case Ʋ)
* A letter of the Ewe alphabet.

#### See also

* ƒ (equivalent voiceless sound)

## Moore
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ/

### Letter

ʋ (upper case Ʋ)
* A letter of the Moore alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, Ɖ ɖ, Dz dz, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, Ƒ ƒ, G g, Gb gb, Ɣ ɣ, H h, I i, K k, Kp kp, Q q, L l, M m, N n, Ny ny, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, T t, Ts ts, U u, V v, Ʋ ʋ, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter V): Ṽṽ Ṿṿ Ʋʋ ᶌᶌ ⱱ ⱴ ᴠ Ｖｖ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ Ww Ꝡꝡ
* (Letters with hook): Ảả Ẳẳ Ẩẩ Ɓɓ Ƈƈ Ɗɗ ᶑ Ẻẻ Ƒƒ Ɠɠ ɦ Ỉỉ Ƙƙ ᶆ Ɱɱ Ỏỏ Ởở Ƥƥ ʠ Ƭƭ Ủủ Ửử Ʋʋ Ⱳⱳ Ƴƴ Ỷỷ
* ʋ on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# ᄌᆞ게움타다
## Jeju
### Alternative forms

* ᄌᆞ금타다 (jawgeumtada)
* ᄌᆞ곰타다 (jawgomtada)

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽t͡ɕɒkeumtʰata⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [t͡ɕɒɡeumtʰa̠da̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [ᄌᆞ게움타다]

### Verb

ᄌᆞ게움타다 (jawge'umtada)
* to tickle
# Nauheimer
## German
### Etymology

From Nauheim +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnaʊ̯ˌhaɪ̯mɐ]
* Hyphenation: Nau‧hei‧mer

### Noun

Nauheimer m (strong, genitive Nauheimers, plural Nauheimer, feminine Nauheimerin)
* A native or resident of Nauheim

#### Declension
### Adjective

Nauheimer (indeclinable, no predicative form)
* (relational) of Nauheim

#### Usage notes

* Words like this are considered indeclinable adjectives, as noted by Duden, DWDS and other modern German references, but are capitalized because they originated as genitive plurals of substantives. See -er for more.
# smutně
## Czech
### Etymology

From smutný +‎ -ě.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsmutɲɛ]

### Adverb

smutně (comparative smutněji, superlative nejsmutněji)
* sadly

### Further reading

* “smutně”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “smutně”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “smutně”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# 会意
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 会意 – see 會意 (“compound ideographs, one of the six classifications of Chinese characters; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 會意).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 会 | 意 |
| かい Grade: 2 | い Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 會意 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

会(かい)意(い) • (kaii)
* (Chinese character classification) compound indicatives

#### See also

* 六書(りくしょ) (rikusho, “The six types of Han characters”)
** 指(し)事(じ) (shiji, “ideogram”)
** 象(しょう)形(けい) (shōkei, “pictogram”)
** 形(けい)声(せい) (keisei, “phono-semantic compound”)
** 会(かい)意(い) (kaī, “compound ideograph”)
** 転(てん)注(ちゅう) (tenchū, “derivative cognate”)
** 仮(か)借(しゃ) (kasha, “phonetic loan”)
# سعید
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَعِيد (saʕīd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.ˈʔiːð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.ʔíːd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.ʔíːd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.jíːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.jíd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.ʔíːd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.ʔíd̪]

### Adjective

سَعید • (sa'id)
* happy
* lucky

### Proper noun

سَعید • (sa'id)
* a male given name, Said, Saeed, or Saeid, from Arabic
# بنفشه
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* بنبشه (banabše) (dialectal, Kashan)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian wnpšk' (wanafšag, “violet”), of uncertain origin; see there for further information.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bu.naf.ʃa], [bi.naf.ʃa], [ba.naf.ʃa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪ.näf.ʃä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪ.näf.ʃä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɪ.näf.ʃä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bi.näf.ʃä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæ.næf.ʃé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bu.näf.ʃä]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

بنفشه • (banafše) (plural بنفشه‌ها (banafše-hâ))
* violet (flower)
    بنفشه فرنگی ― banafše-ye farangi ― pansy

#### Derived terms

* بنفشه‌زار (banafše-zâr)
* بنفشه‌ستان (banafše-setân)
* بنفشه‌گون (banafše-gun)

#### Related terms

* بنفش (banafš)

#### Descendants

See wnpšk' for descendants.

#### References

* ↑ Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran‎, University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 63
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wanafšag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بنفشه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

### Proper noun

بنفشه • (banafše)
* a female given name, Banafsheh
# Վլադիմիր
## Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Влади́мир (Vladímir).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vlɑˈdimiɾ/, [vlɑdímiɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vlɑˈtimiɾ/, [vlɑtʰímiɾ]

### Proper noun

Վլադիմիր • (Vladimir)
* a male given name, equivalent to English Vladimir
* Vladimir (a city in Russia)
# Գալուստ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Shortening of Հոգեգալուստ (Hogegalust, “Whit Sunday, Pentecost”).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑˈlust/, [ɡɑlúst]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑˈlusd/, [kʰɑlúst]

### Proper noun

Գալուստ • (Galust)
* a male given name, Galust, Kalust, or Calouste

#### Derived terms

* Գալստյան (Galstyan)
# Առնո
## Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French Arnaud, French form of Arnold.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑrˈno/, [ɑrnó]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾˈno/, [ɑɾnó]

### Proper noun

Առնո • (Aṙno)
* a male given name, Arno, from French
    Առնո Բաբաջանյան — Arno Babajanian
# Demosthenes
## English
### Etymology

From Latin Dēmosthenēs, from Ancient Greek Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪˈmɒsθəniːz/

### Proper noun

Demosthenes
* A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs), famously borne by Demosthenes, the Athenian statesman and orator of 4th century BC.

#### Derived terms

* Demosthenian
* Demosthenean

#### Related terms

* Demosthenic

#### Translations
### Further reading

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “Demosthenic”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs).

### Proper noun

Dēmosthenēs m sg (genitive Dēmosthenis); third declension
* a prominent Greek statesman and orator

#### Declension

Third-declension noun, singular only.

### References

* “Demosthenes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Demosthenes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “Demosthenes”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “Demosthenes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “Demosthenes”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
# Սմբատուհի
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Սմբատուհի (Smbatuhi); see below.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /səmbɑtuˈhi/, [səmbɑtuhí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /səmpɑduˈhi/, [səmpʰɑduhí]

### Proper noun

Սմբատուհի • (Smbatuhi)
* a female given name, Smbatuhi

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Feminine form of Սմբատ (Smbat), composed of Սմբատ (Smbat) +‎ -ուհի (-uhi).

### Proper noun

Սմբատուհի • (Smbatuhi)
* a female given name

#### Descendants

* Armenian: Սմբատուհի (Smbatuhi)
# Kasijan
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

A saint's name, from Latin Cassiānus. Compare Sùkošan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎsijan/

### Proper noun

Kàsijan m (Cyrillic spelling Ка̀сијан)
* (rare) a male given name, equivalent to English Cassian

#### Related terms

* Sùkošan
# Վան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Վան (Van).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vɑn/, [vɑn]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vɑn/, [vɑn]

### Proper noun

Վան • (Van)
* Van (city)
* Van (lake)
    Synonym: Վանա լիճ (Vana lič)
* a male given name, Van, transferred from the place name, of modern, chiefly Armenian diasporan usage

#### Declension

there is an alternative dative singular Վանա (Vana), a fossilized remain of Old Armenian a-type declension

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Urartian 𒆳𒁉𒀀𒄿𒈾 (KUR.bi-a-i-na /⁠Biaina⁠/, “the Bia Lands”), 𒆳𒁉𒀀𒄿𒉌𒇷 (KUR.bi-a-i-ni-li /⁠Biainili⁠/), the self-designation of Urartians. Van, called Tušpa back then, was the capital of Urartu. The derivation from վան (van, “abode, house”) is less likely.

### Proper noun

Վան • (Van)
* Van (city)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: Վան (Van)

### References

* Anonymous disciples of Mxitʻar Sebastacʻi (1769) “Վան”, in Baṙgirkʻ Haykazean lezui. Baṙaran yatuk anuancʻ [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Dictionary of Proper Names]‎ (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# Բագարատ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Բագարատ (Bagarat).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /bɑɡɑˈɾɑt/, [bɑɡɑɾɑ́t]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pɑkɑˈɾɑd/, [pʰɑkʰɑɾɑ́d]

### Proper noun

Բագարատ • (Bagarat)
* a male given name, Bagarat

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* Բագրատ (Bagrat)

### Etymology

From the Parthian cognate of Old Persian *Bagadātah; see there for more. Typologically corresponds to Old Armenian Աստուածատուր (Astuacatur). Doublet of Բատ (Bat).

### Proper noun

Բագարատ • (Bagarat)
* a male given name, Bagarat

#### Derived terms

* Բագրատունի (Bagratuni)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: Բագարատ (Bagarat), Բագրատ (Bagrat)
* → Arabic: بُقْرَاط (buqrāṭ)
* → Georgian: ბაგრატი (bagraṭi)
** → Ossetian: Баграт (Bagrat)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Բագարատ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
* Anonymous disciples of Mxitʻar Sebastacʻi (1769) “Բագարատ”, in Baṙgirkʻ Haykazean lezui. Baṙaran yatuk anuancʻ [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Dictionary of Proper Names]‎ (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# زشان
## Persian
### Etymology

From Arabic زِشَان (zišān).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zi.ˈʃɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zi.ʃɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ze.ʃɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zi.ʃɔ́n]

### Proper noun

زشان • (zešân)
* a male given name, Zeeshan, Zeshan, or Zishan, from Arabic
# ریچل
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Rachel.

### Proper noun

ریچل • (reyčel)
* a female given name, Rachel, from English
# یگانه
## Chagatai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian یَگَانَه (yagāna).

### Adjective

یگانه (transliteration needed)
* unique
* incomparable
** (Can we date this quote?), Dictionnaire turk-oriental, page 289:کم ایکی کبوتر یگانه بیر اوی‌دا چیقاردیلار جوانهTwo incomparable pigeons have produced in one house a squab.

#### Descendants

* Uyghur: يېگانە (yëgane)
* Uzbek: yagona

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾywkʾnk' /⁠ēkānag⁠/). By surface analysis, یک (yek, “one”) +‎ ـانه (-âne).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ja.ɡɑː.ˈna]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jä.ɡɑː.nǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jä.ɡɑː.nǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [jä.ɡɑː.nǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [jä.ɡɔː.nǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [je.ɡɒː.né]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [jä.ɡɔ.nǽ]

### Adjective

یگانه • (yegâne)
* unique, sole, single, one
* incomparable
    Synonym: بی‌نظیر (bi-nazir)

#### Derived terms

* یگانگی (yegânegi)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: yeganə
* → Bengali: এগানা (egana)
* → Chagatai: یگانه
** Uyghur: يېگانە (yëgane)
** Uzbek: yagona
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: यगाना (yagānā)
    Urdu: یَگانَہ (yagāna)
* → Ottoman Turkish: یگانه (yegâne)
** Turkish: yegâne
* → Pashto: يګانه (yagāna)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਯਗਾਨਾ (yagānā)
** Shahmukhi script: یَگانَہ (yagānah)
* → Saraiki: یَگانَہ (yagānah)
* → Sindhi:
** Arabic script: يگانو
** Devanagari script: यगानो

### Proper noun

یگانه • (yegâne)
* a female given name, Yeganeh, from Middle Persian
* a surname

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: Yeganə

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “یگانه”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# اردشیر
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥 (Ardaxšīr), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (Artaxšaçā), which was borrowed into Greek, Latin, and then English as Artaxerxes.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaɾ.da.ˈʃeːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɾ.d̪ä.ʃéːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäɾ.d̪ä.ʃéːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäɾ.d̪ä.ʃéːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäɾ.d̪ä.ʃéːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæɹ.d̪e.ʃíːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäɾ.d̪ä.ʃéɾ]

### Proper noun

اردشیر • (ardešêr)
* a male given name, Ardeshir, Ardashir, or Ardasher, from Middle Persian
    اردشیر دوم ― ardešir-e dovvom ― Artaxerxes II
# پرویز
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* اپرویز (aparvêz)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian plwyc (parwēz, Parwēz), ʾplwyc (Abarwēz) (> Arabic أبرواز (ʔabarwāz)).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [paɾ.weːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰäɾ.weːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰäɾ.weːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰäɾ.weːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰäɾ.weːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰæɹ.viːz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰäɾ.vez]

### Proper noun

پرویز • (parwēz / parviz)
* a male given name, Parviz or Parwez

#### Derived terms

* پرویزی (parwēzī / parvizi)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani:
** Latin script: Pərviz
** Arabic script: پرویز
* → Bengali: পারভেজ (parbhej)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: परवेज़ (parvez)
** Urdu: پَرْوِیز (parvīz)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਵੇਜ਼ (parvez)
** Shahmukhi script: پَرْوِیز (parvīz)