OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# verneshots
## English
### Noun

verneshots
* plural of verneshot
# furiganas
## French
### Noun

furiganas
* plural of furigana
# Exormothecaceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Exormotheca +‎ -aceae

### Proper noun

Exormothecaceae
* A taxonomic family within the order Marchantiales – a group of chambered liverworts.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Charophyta – superphylum; Marchantiophyta – phylum; Marchantiopsida – class; Marchantiales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Aitchisoniella, Exormotheca, Stephensoniella – genera

### References

* Exormothecaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Exormothecaceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Exormothecaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# burgeon
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English burjon, burioun (“shoot, bud”), from Anglo-Norman burjun, burgeon, burgon (compare Old French burjon (“a bud”)), from Old Frankish *burjō (“sprout, offshoot, descendant”), from Proto-Germanic *burjô (“sprout, descendant, offshoot”), from Proto-Germanic *burjaną (“to raise up”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Compare Old High German burjan, burien, burren (“to push up, raise”), Old English byrian (“to come up, occur”), Old English byre (“child, son, descendant”), Albanian buron (“sprout, spring, gush out”). More at bear.
Alternate etymology derives Old French burjon (“bud”) from Vulgar Latin *burrionem, accusative of *burrio, from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff”) (presumably from the down covering certain buds).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɜː.d͡ʒən/
* (US) IPA: /ˈbɝː.d͡ʒən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)dʒən

### Noun

burgeon (plural burgeons)
* (obsolete) A bud, sprout, shoot.

#### Translations
### Verb

burgeon (third-person singular simple present burgeons, present participle burgeoning, simple past and past participle burgeoned)
* (intransitive) To grow or expand.
    Synonyms: blossom, expand, grow, sprout
    Gradually, the town burgeoned into a thriving city.
* (intransitive) To swell to the point of bursting.
* (intransitive, archaic) Of plants, to bloom, bud.
    Synonyms: blossom, bud, green, sprout

#### Derived terms

* burgeoning
* reburgeon
# ґрупа
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Internationalism, ultimately from French groupe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡrupa]
* Rhymes: -upa
* Hyphenation: ґру‧па

### Noun

ґрупа (grupa) f (related adjective ґрупни)
* (chemistry, sociology, group theory, music, computing) group (multiple senses)

#### Derived terms

* ґрупаш m pers (grupaš)
* ґруповац impf or pf (grupovac)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “ґрупа”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “group”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 130
# 年百年中
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 年 | 百 | 年 | 中 |
| ねん Grade: 1 | ひゃく > びゃく Grade: 1 | ねん Grade: 1 | ちゅう > じゅう Grade: 1 |
| goon | goon | goon | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ねんびゃくねんじゅう [néꜜǹbyàkù néꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka + Atamadaka –-)[1]
* (Tokyo) ねんびゃくねんじゅう [nèńbyákú néꜜǹjùù] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [nẽ̞mbʲa̠kɯ̟ nẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

### Adverb

年(ねん)百(びゃく)年(ねん)中(じゅう) • (nenbyaku nenjū)
* year-round
    Synonym: 年がら年中 (nengara nenjū)

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# Palmellaceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Palmella +‎ -aceae

### Proper noun

Palmellaceae
* A taxonomic family within the order Chlamydomonadales – certain green algae.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Chlorophyta – infrakingdom; Chlorophyta – phylum; Chlorophytina – subphylum; Chlorophyceae – class; Chlamydomonadales (syn. Volvocales) – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Chlamydocystis, Chloranomala, Dendrodictyon, Ecballocystella, Ecballodictyon, Gloiodictyon, Gyoerffyana, Inoderma, Oncosaccus, Palmella, Palmellosphaericum, Urococcus – genera

### References

* Palmellaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Palmellaceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Palmellaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Palmellaceae placement and circumscription (click icon for description) at AlgaeBase
# 温故知新
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 温故知新 – see 溫故知新 (“reviewing learnt knowledge helps one understand it better; reviewing the past helps one understand the present”). (This term is the simplified and variant traditional form of 溫故知新).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 温 | 故 | 知 | 新 |
| おん Grade: 3 | こ Grade: 5 | ち Grade: 2 | しん Grade: 2 |
* Alternative spelling
* 溫故知新 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Literary Chinese 溫故知新 (wēngùzhīxīn), in the Analects:
    子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子曰：「温故而知新，可以为师矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionZǐ yuē: “Wēn gù ér zhī xīn, kěyǐ wéi shī yǐ.” [Pinyin]The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おんこちしん [óꜜǹkò chìshíń] (Atamadaka + Heiban – [1]-[0])
* (Tokyo) おんこちしん [óꜜǹkò chìshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [õ̞ŋko̞ t͡ɕi̥ɕĩɴ]

### Noun

温(おん)故(こ)知(ち)新(しん) • (onkochishin)
* One should be able to derive new understanding while revising what he has learned. Learning from the past.

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# eierkoek
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of eier- (“egg”) +‎ koek (“cake, cookie, biscuit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛi̯.(j)ərˌkuk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: eierkoek

### Noun

eierkoek m (plural eierkoeken, diminutive eierkoekje n or eierkoekske n)
* a small, round sweet cake with a soft, dry texture; sometimes called (Dutch) egg cake

### Further reading

* eierkoek on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# Anthomyiidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Anthomyia +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Anthomyiidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Diptera – a large group of muscoid flies of various habits.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Hexapoda – subphylum; Insecta – class; Pterygota – subclass; Neoptera – infraclass; Holometabola – superorder; Diptera – order; Brachycera – suborder; Muscomorpha – infraorder; Schizophora – section; Calyptratae – subsection; Muscoidea – superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Anthomyiinae, Pegomyinae – subfamilies
** Acklandia, Acridomyia, Acyglossa, Adia, Alliopsis, Anthomyia, Boreophorbia, Botanophila, Calythea, Chiastocheta, Chirosia, Chirosiomima, Coenosopsia, Delia, Egle, Emmesomyia, Engyneura, Enneastigma, Eustalomyia, Eutrichota, Fucellia, Heterostylodes, Hydrophoria, Hylemya, Hylemyza, Hyporites, Lasiomma, Leucophora, Lopesohylemya, Monochrotogaster, Mycophaga, Myopella, Myopina, Oxyphorbia, Paradelia, Parapegomyia, Paregle, Pegomya, Pegoplata, Phaonantho, Phorbia, Sinohylemya, Sinophorbia, Strobilomyia, Subhylemyia, Tettigoniomyia, Zaphne – genera

### References

* Anthomyiidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Anthomyiidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Anthomyiidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# kanı
## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈnɯ/
* Hyphenation: ka‧nı

### Etymology 1

From kan- +‎ -ı.

#### Noun

kanı (definite accusative kanıyı, plural kanılar)
* opinion, belief

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kanı
kanılar
definite accusative
kanıyı
kanıları
dative
kanıya
kanılara
locative
kanıda
kanılarda
ablative
kanıdan
kanılardan
genitive
kanının
kanıların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanım
kanılarım
2nd singular
kanın
kanıların
3rd singular
kanısı
kanıları
1st plural
kanımız
kanılarımız
2nd plural
kanınız
kanılarınız
3rd plural
kanıları
kanıları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımı
kanılarımı
2nd singular
kanını
kanılarını
3rd singular
kanısını
kanılarını
1st plural
kanımızı
kanılarımızı
2nd plural
kanınızı
kanılarınızı
3rd plural
kanılarını
kanılarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanıma
kanılarıma
2nd singular
kanına
kanılarına
3rd singular
kanısına
kanılarına
1st plural
kanımıza
kanılarımıza
2nd plural
kanınıza
kanılarınıza
3rd plural
kanılarına
kanılarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımda
kanılarımda
2nd singular
kanında
kanılarında
3rd singular
kanısında
kanılarında
1st plural
kanımızda
kanılarımızda
2nd plural
kanınızda
kanılarınızda
3rd plural
kanılarında
kanılarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımdan
kanılarımdan
2nd singular
kanından
kanılarından
3rd singular
kanısından
kanılarından
1st plural
kanımızdan
kanılarımızdan
2nd plural
kanınızdan
kanılarınızdan
3rd plural
kanılarından
kanılarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımın
kanılarımın
2nd singular
kanının
kanılarının
3rd singular
kanısının
kanılarının
1st plural
kanımızın
kanılarımızın
2nd plural
kanınızın
kanılarınızın
3rd plural
kanılarının
kanılarının :

##### Derived terms

* kanısında olmak
* kanıya varmak

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kanı
* inflection of kan:
** definite accusative singular
** third-person singular single-possession possessive

### Further reading

* “kanı”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “kanı”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# Euconulidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Euconulus +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Euconulidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Stylommatophora – land snails with shells typically of only 3mm.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Spiralia – superphylum; Mollusca – phylum; Gastropoda – class; Heterobranchia – subclass; Stylommatophora – order; Helicina – suborder; Limacoidei – infraorder; Trochomorphoidea – superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Coneuplecta, Euconulus, Evanscystis, Philonesia – genera

### References

* Euconulidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Euconulidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Euconulidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Euconulidae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Euconulidae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Euconulidae at World Register of Marine Species
# Andrena
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀνδρήνη (andrḗnē, “wasp”).

### Proper noun

Andrena f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Andrenidae – certain mining bees.

#### Derived terms

* Andrenidae
* Andreninae

### See also

* Andrena on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Andrena on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Andrena on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Pythiaceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Pythium +‎ -aceae

### Proper noun

Pythiaceae
* A taxonomic family within the order Pythiales – certain water moulds, many of which are plant pathogens.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Chromista – kingdom; Harosa – subkingdom; Halvaria – infrakingdom; Heterokonta – superphylum; Pseudofungi – phylum; Oomycetes – class; Peronosporidae – subclass; Pythiales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Lagenidium, Pythium – genera

### References

* Pythiaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Pythiaceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Pythiaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Pythiaceae at World Register of Marine Species
* Pythiaceae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Pythiaceae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Pythiaceae at MycoBank
# توپا
## Chagatai
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Noun

توپا (töpä)
* Alternative form of تیپه (tepä)

### References

* Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870) “توپا”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary]‎ (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 220
* Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) “тӧпӓ”, in Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume III (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1269
# vezelrijk
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of vezel (“fiber”) +‎ rijk (“rich”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

vezelrijk (comparative vezelrijker, superlative vezelrijkst)
* rich in dietary fiber
# Հելիոս
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἥλιος (Hḗlios).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /heˈljos/, [heljós]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /heˈljos/, [heljós]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Proper noun

Հելիոս • (Helios)
* (Greek mythology) Helios
# 藤椒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): téngjiāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: téngjiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: téngjiao
*** Wade–Giles: tʻêng$^2$-chiao$^1$
*** Yale: téng-jyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: terngjiau
*** Palladius: тэнцзяо (tɛnczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

藤椒
* Zanthoxylum armatum
# kapiot
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kapijot, borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence dialectal Swedish gävo), from Proto-Germanic *gebaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑpiot/, [ˈkɑ̝pio̞t̪]
* Rhymes: -ɑpiot
* Hyphenation: ka‧pi‧ot

### Noun

kapiot pl
* trousseaux (clothes, linen etc. collected or brought by the bride to their new home after being married)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kapiot (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapioni
accusative
nom.
kapioni
gen.
genitive
kapioideni kapioitteni
partitive
kapioitani
inessive
kapioissani
elative
kapioistani
illative
kapioihini
adessive
kapioillani
ablative
kapioiltani
allative
kapioilleni
essive
kapioinani
translative
kapioikseni
abessive
kapioittani
instructive
comitative
—kapioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapiosi
accusative
nom.
kapiosi
gen.
genitive
kapioidesi kapioittesi
partitive
kapioitasi
inessive
kapioissasi
elative
kapioistasi
illative
kapioihisi
adessive
kapioillasi
ablative
kapioiltasi
allative
kapioillesi
essive
kapioinasi
translative
kapioiksesi
abessive
kapioittasi
instructive
comitative
—kapioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapiomme
accusative
nom.
kapiomme
gen.
genitive
kapioidemme kapioittemme
partitive
kapioitamme
inessive
kapioissamme
elative
kapioistamme
illative
kapioihimme
adessive
kapioillamme
ablative
kapioiltamme
allative
kapioillemme
essive
kapioinamme
translative
kapioiksemme
abessive
kapioittamme
instructive
comitative
—kapioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapionne
accusative
nom.
kapionne
gen.
genitive
kapioidenne kapioittenne
partitive
kapioitanne
inessive
kapioissanne
elative
kapioistanne
illative
kapioihinne
adessive
kapioillanne
ablative
kapioiltanne
allative
kapioillenne
essive
kapioinanne
translative
kapioiksenne
abessive
kapioittanne
instructive
comitative
—kapioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapionsa
accusative
nom.
kapionsa
gen.
genitive
kapioidensa kapioittensa
partitive
kapioitaan kapioitansa
inessive
kapioissaan kapioissansa
elative
kapioistaan kapioistansa
illative
kapioihinsa
adessive
kapioillaan kapioillansa
ablative
kapioiltaan kapioiltansa
allative
kapioilleen kapioillensa
essive
kapioinaan kapioinansa
translative
kapioikseen kapioiksensa
abessive
kapioittaan kapioittansa
instructive
comitative
—kapioineen kapioinensa :

#### Derived terms

* kapioarkku
* kapiolakana
* morsiuskapio

### Further reading

* “kapiot”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* okapit, paikot, potkia
# 前代未聞
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 前 | 代 | 未 | 聞 |
| ぜん Grade: 2 | だい Grade: 3 | み Grade: 4 | もん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんだいみもん [zéꜜǹdàì mìmóń] (Atamadaka + Heiban –-[0])
* (Tokyo) ぜんだいみもん [zéꜜǹdàì mìmòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞nda̠i mʲimõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

前(ぜん)代(だい)未(み)聞(もん) • (zendaimimon)
* (idiomatic) An unheard of, unprecedented issue.
    前(ぜん)代(だい)未(み)聞(もん)の珍(ちん)事(じ)
       zendaimimon no chinji
       some unusual event unheard of

#### Synonyms

* 空(くう)前(ぜん)絶(ぜつ)後(ご) (kūzenzetsugo)
* 破(は)天(てん)荒(こう) (hatenkō)
* 未(み)曽(ぞ)有(う) (mizou)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 魑魅魍魎
## Chinese

| | | evil spirit; demon | demons and monsters; light part of a shadow |
| trad. (魑魅魍魎) | trad. (魑魅魍魎) | 魑魅 | 魍魎 |
| simp. (魑魅魍魉) | simp. (魑魅魍魉) | 魑魅 | 魍魉 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chīmèi wǎngliǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔ ㄇㄟˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^1$ mei$^6$ mong$^5$ loeng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chīmèi wǎngliǎng [Phonetic: chīmèiwángliǎng]
*** Zhuyin: ㄔ ㄇㄟˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chihmèi wǎngliǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^1$-mei$^4$ wang$^3$-liang$^3$
*** Yale: chr̄-mèi wǎng-lyǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chymey woangleang
*** Palladius: чимэй ванлян (čimɛj vanljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^1$ mei$^6$ mong$^5$ loeng$^5$
*** Yale: chī meih móhng léuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^1$ mei$^6$ mong$^5$ loeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^1$ méi$^6$ mong$^5$ lêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ mei̯²² mɔːŋ¹³ lœːŋ¹³/

### Idiom

魑魅魍魎
* the four demons chi, mei, wang and liang; demons and monsters of all kinds

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 魑魅魍魎(ちみもうりょう) (chimimōryō)
* → Korean: 이매망량(魑魅魍魎) (imaemangnyang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 魑 | 魅 | 魍 | 魎 |
| ち Hyōgai | み Grade: S | もう Hyōgai | りょう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | goon | goon | kan'on |

### Etymology

Borrowing from Chinese 魑魅魍魎 / 魑魅魍魉 (chīmèi wǎngliǎng), equivalent to 魑(ち)魅(み) (chimi, “mountain and forest monsters”) + 魍(もう)魎(りょう) (mōryō, “mountain, stream, and tree spirits”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちみもーりょー [chíꜜmì mòóryóó] (Atamadaka + Heiban –-[0])
* (Tokyo) ちみもーりょー [chíꜜmì mòòryòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕimʲi mo̞ːɾʲo̞ː]

### Noun

魑(ち)魅(み)魍(もう)魎(りょう) • (chimimōryō)
* the various monsters and spirits (of the forests, mountains, and rivers)

#### See also

* 怪(かい)物(ぶつ) (kaibutsu)
* 化(ば)け物(もの) (bakemono)
* 妖(よう)怪(かい) (yōkai)
* 妖(よう)怪(かい)変(へん)化(げ) (yōkai henge)

#### See also

* 魑魅魍魎 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ja}$
* chimimōryō on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# Tropherymataceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From "Tropheryma" +‎ -aceae (taxonomic suffix).

### Proper noun

"Tropherymataceae"
* A taxonomic family within the order Actinomycetales – some actinobacteria.

#### Usage notes

* Not validly published.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Prokaryota – superkingdom; Bacteria – kingdom; Posibacteria – subkingdom; Actinobacteria – phylum; Actinobacteria – class; Actinomycetales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): "Tropheryma" – sole genus; "Tropheryma whipplei" – sole species

### References

* Tropherymataceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Tropherymataceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Tropherymataceae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Tropherymataceae at List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
# ラ行変格活用
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 変 | 格 | 活 | 用 |
| ぎょう Grade: 2 | へん Grade: 4 | かく Grade: 5 | かつ Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 2 |
| goon | kan'on | kan'on | kan'on | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* ラ行變格活用 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Compound of ラ行 (ra-gyō, “ra-row”) +‎ 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ラぎょーへんかくかつよー [ráꜜgyòò hèńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Atamadaka + Nakadaka –-[5])
* (Tokyo) ラぎょーへんかくかつよー [ràgyóó héńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [8])
* IPA: [ɾa̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ ka̠t͡sɨjo̞ː]

### Noun

ラ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
* (Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in r- with four irregular bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e
    Synonyms: ラ行変格 (ra-gyō henkaku), ラ変 (ra-hen)
| Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis | 連用形 Adverbial | 終止形 Conclusive | 連体形 Attributive | 已然形 Realis | 命令形 Imperative |
| あり (ar-, “to be”) | あら (ara) | あり (ari) | あり (ari) | ある (aru) | あれ (are) | あれ (are) |
| 侍り (haber-, “to serve”) | 侍ら (habera) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍る (haberu) | 侍れ (habere) | 侍れ (habere) |
| 居り (wor-, “to be”) | 居ら (wora → ora) | 居り (wori → ori) | 居り (woru → ori) | 居る (woru → oru) | 居れ (wore → ore) | 居れ (wore → ore) |

#### Usage notes

* Verbs in this class are superseded by the 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”) in modern Japanese.
* Fragments of あり (ari) survive in modern Japanese, such as in いらっしゃる (irassharu, “to go (somewhere)”), ござる (gozaru, “to be”, polite), and 下さる (kudasaru, “to give”).

#### Related terms

* カ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
* サ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
* ナ行(ぎょう)変格(へんかく)活用(かつよう) (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō)
* 五(ご)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (godan katsuyō)
* 四(よ)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (yodan katsuyō)
* 上(かみ)一段(いちだん)活用(かつよう) (kami ichidan katsuyō)
* 上(かみ)二(に)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)
* 下(しも)一段(いちだん)活用(かつよう) (shimo ichidan katsuyō)
* 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活用(かつよう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 原子力発電所
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 原 | 子 | 力 | 発 | 電 | 所 |
| げん Grade: 2 | し Grade: 1 | りょく Grade: 1 | はつ Grade: 3 | でん Grade: 2 | しょ Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | on'yomi | goon | kan'on | goon | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 原子力發電所 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 原(げん)子(し)力(りょく) (genshiryoku, “nuclear power; atomic power”) + 発(はつ)電(でん)所(しょ) (hatsudensho, “power plant”) or 原(げん)子(し)力(りょく)発(はつ)電(でん) (genshiryoku hatsuden, “nuclear power generation”) + 所(しょ) (-sho, “place”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げんしりょくはつでんしょ [gèńshíꜜryòkù hàtsúdéńshó] (Nakadaka + Heiban – [3]-[0])
* (Tokyo) げんしりょくはつでんしょ [gèńshíryókú hátsúdéńshó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) げんしりょくはつでんしょ [gèńshíryókú hátsúdéńshóꜜ] (Odaka – [10])
* IPA: [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕiɾʲo̞kɯ̟ ha̠t͡sɨdẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞]

### Noun

原(げん)子(し)力(りょく)発(はつ)電(でん)所(しょ) • (genshiryoku hatsudensho)
* a nuclear power plant
    Synonym: 原発 (genpatsu)

### References

* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN