# teanga
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* teangaidh

### Etymology

From Old Irish tengae, from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). The alternative form teangaidh was originally the dative singular.

### Pronunciation

* (Waterford, Cork, Mayo) IPA: /ˈtʲaŋə/
* (Kerry, Aran) IPA: /ˈtʲaŋɡə/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /ˈtʲæːŋɡə/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈtʲaŋiː/ (corresponding to the form teangaidh)

### Noun

teanga f (genitive singular teanga, nominative plural teangacha)
* (anatomy) tongue
* language

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
teanga
teangacha
vocative
a theanga
a theangacha
genitive
teanga
teangacha
dative
teanga
teangacha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an teanga
na teangacha
genitive
na teanga
na dteangacha
dative
leis an teanga don teanga
leis na teangacha :

#### Derived terms

* alt teanga (“tongue joint”)
* aonteangach (“monolingual, unilingual”)
* aonteangach m (“monoglot”)
* bac teanga (“language handicap”)
* bacainn teanga (“language barrier”)
* barra teanga (“language bar”)
* bualadh teanga (“actinomycosis”)
* cinnteachas teanga (“linguistic determinism”)
* cód teanga (“language code”)
* coibhneasacht teanga (“linguistic relativity”)
* comhstruchtúr teanga (“language construct”)
* comhtheanga (“common language”)
* creimeadh teanga (“language attrition”)
* damhtheanga (“oxtongue”)
* daolteanga (“sharp, vicious, tongue”)
* drochtheanga (“bad language”)
* fásteanga (“creole language”)
* feidhmiú teanga (“linguistic performance”)
* feidhmiúchán teanga (“linguistic performance”)
* foghlaim teanga (“language learning”)
* idirtheanga (“interlanguage”)
* inniúlacht teanga (“linguistic competence, language competence”)
* iompú teanga (“language shift”)
* lus na teanga (“adder’s-tongue”)
* maolteanga (“stammer, stutter”)
* máthairtheanga (“mother tongue”)
* meaisínteanga (“machine language”)
* meititheanga (“metalanguage”)
* mianach sealbhaithe teanga (“language acquisition device”)
* micritheanga (“microlanguage”)
* mionlach teanga (“linguistic minority”)
* mionteanga (“minority language”)
* nasctheanga (“pidgin language”)
* neamhord teanga (“language disorder”)
* nuatheanga (“modern language”)
* pleanáil teanga (“language planning”)
* réim teanga (“linguistic register”)
* rolladh teanga (“tongue rolling”)
* sainréim teanga (“register”)
* saotharlann teanga (“language laboratory”)
* sealbhú teanga (“language acquisition”)
* spadal teanga (“tongue depressor”)
* sprioctheanga (“object language, target language”)
* téacs go teanga (“text-to-speech”)
* teanga agus eitre (“tongue and groove”)
* teanga aidhme (“object language”)
* teanga amhairc (“visual language”)
* teanga an bhúcla (“tongue of belt”)
* teanga an duine (“human language”)
* teanga an phobail (“vernacular”)
* teanga chait (“sole; hornwrack”)
* teanga choiteann (“vernacular”)
* teanga chomharthaíochta (“sign language”)
* teanga chon (“hound’s tongue”)
* teanga chumtha (“constructed language”)
* teanga dhíolama (“assembly language”)
* teanga dhomhanda (“world language”)
* teanga dhúchais (“vernacular”)
* teanga fhileata (“poetic language”)
* teanga fhógrach (“declarative language”)
* teanga fhoinseach (“source language”)
* teanga fia (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
* teanga ghlacach (“receptive language”)
* teanga i mbaol (“endangered language”)
* teanga iarratais (“query language”)
* teanga iasachta (“foreign language”)
* teanga idirmheánach (“intermediate language”)
* teanga idirnáisiúnta chúnta (“international auxiliary language”)
* teanga inbhreisithe (“extensible language”)
* teanga ionramhála sonraí (“data manipulation language”)
* teanga íseal-leibhéil (“low-level language”)
* teanga mhadra rua (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
* teanga mharcála (“markup language”)
* teanga mheaisín (“machine language”)
* teanga mhín (“white dead-nettle”)
* teanga nádúrtha (“natural language”)
* teanga náisiúnta (“national language”)
* teanga nós imeachta (“procedural language”)
* teanga oifigiúil (“official language”)
* teanga ríomhaire (“computer language”)
* teanga ríomhaireachta (“computer language”)
* teanga ríomhchlárúcháin (“programming language”)
* teanga scriptithe (“scripting language”)
* teanga shaorga (“artificial language”)
* teanga shintéiseach (“synthetic language”)
* teanga shiombalach (“symbolic language”)
* teanga thrasfhoirmiúcháin (“transformation language”)
* teanga thuairiscithe leathanach (“page description language”)
* teangach (“tongued; lingual; wordy, loquacious”)
* teangachruthach (“tongue-shaped, linguiform”)
* teangaigh (“to tongue”)
* teangaire (“interpreter”)
* teangaithe (“tongued”)
* teangeolaí (“linguist”)
* teangeolaíocht (“linguistics”)
* teangóg (“ligule”)
* teangúil (“lingual”)
* teorainn teangacha (“linguistic boundary”)
* truailliú teanga (“language pollution”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 63, page 33
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 121, page 46

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “teanga”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish tengae, from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāt-, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”).

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis, Harris, Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈtʲʰɛ̃ɣə/
** (Ness) IPA: [ˈtʲʰɤ̃ɣə]
** (Lochs) IPA: [ˈtʃʰæ̃ˑɣə]
* (Uist, Lochalsh, Lochaber, Lorne) IPA: /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/
* (Barra) IPA: [ˈtʃʰɛŋɡʌ]
* (Skye) IPA: /ˈtʃʰɛŋə/
* (Tiree, Mull, Islay, Mid Argyll) IPA: /ˈtʃʰɛkə/
* (Sutherland, Easter Ross, Loch Ness) IPA: /ˈtʲʰɛŋɪ/ (corresponding to the form teangaidh)
* (Mackay Country, Eastern Highlands) IPA: /ˈtʃʰɛɣɪ/, /ˈtʃʰɤɣɪ/ (corresponding to the form teangaidh)
* Hyphenation: tean‧ga

### Noun

teanga f (dative singular teanga or teangaidh, genitive singular teanga or teangaidh, plural teangan or teangannan)
* (anatomy) tongue
* (linguistics) language
    Synonym: cànan

#### Declension

$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century
* Alternative genitive singular: teangann

#### Derived terms

* air bàrr teangaidh (“on the tip of one's tongue”)
* air teangaidh (“by heart”)
* eadar-theangachadh (“translation”)
* eadar-theangaich (“translate”)
* eadar-theangair (“translator”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ Donald A. Morrison (2020) Modularity and stratification in phonology: Evidence from Scottish Gaelic (Thesis)‎, Manchester: University of Manchester
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎, Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “teanga”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN