OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# etap
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish etap. Doublet of etapa, a form borrowed from German.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.tap/
* Rhymes: -ɛtap
* Syllabification: e‧tap

### Noun

etap m inan (related adjective etapòwi)
* stage (degree of advancement in a journey)
* stage (phase)

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “etap”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French étape. Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Russian эта́п (etáp). First attested in 1808. Compare Silesian etapa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.tap/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtap
* Syllabification: e‧tap

### Noun

etap m inan (related adjective etapowy)
* stage (degree of advancement in a journey)
* stage (phase)
    Synonyms: faza, runda, stadium, tura
* (historical) étape (building where exiles to Siberia stopped while traveling)
* (archaic) stage (place of rest on a regularly travelled road)
* (obsolete, military) étape (place where troops on a march halt overnight for rest and resupply)
* (obsolete, military) étape (supplies issued to troops on the march)
    Synonym: prowiant

#### Derived terms

* etap przyjaźni
* mądrość etapu

#### Related terms

* etapowo

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: etap

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “etap”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “etap”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “etap”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “etap”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Gazeta Warszawska (in Polish), number 13, 1808 February 13, page 197

### Further reading

* etap in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* etap in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “etap”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “etap”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 702

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.tap/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtap
* Syllabification: e‧tap

### Noun

etap m inan
* Alternative form of etapa.

### Further reading

* Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “etap”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 76

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French étape.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.tap/

### Noun

etap (definite accusative etabı, plural etaplar)
* (sports) lap, tour
* stage
# fachlować
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German fächeln + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faˈxlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: fa‧chlo‧wać

### Verb

fachlować impf
* (transitive, agriculture) to winnow (to subject (granular material, especially food grain) to a current of air separating heavier and lighter components, as grain from chaff)
* (transitive, colloquial) to guzzle, to wolf down

#### Related terms

* fecher

### Further reading

* fachlować in silling.org
# fajlować
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German feilen + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fajˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: faj‧lo‧wać

### Verb

fajlować impf
* (transitive) to file (to smooth, grind, or cut with a file)

#### Related terms

* fajla

### Further reading

* falowac in dykcjonorz.eu
# flidrowy
## Silesian
### Etymology

From flider +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fliˈdrɔ.vɪ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɪ
* Syllabification: fli‧dro‧wy

### Adjective

flidrowy
* violet
** 2021, Paweł Czajkowski, Ruda Śląska Bibliografia adnotowana 2021, →ISBN:Flidrowy maj. We maju we gaju flidrowym.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### See also

Colors in Silesian · farby (layout · text) :
| bioły | siwy, myszaty | czŏrny |
| czyrwōny; szarłatny | apluzinowy, oranżowy, pōmarańczowy; brōnny, brōnŏtny | żōłty; krymowy |
| limōnkowy | zielōny | miyntowy; ćmawozielōny |
| cyjanowy; morski | błynkitny | modry |
| flidrowy; indygo | purpurowy; lilowy | rōżowy |
# flyjger
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Pfleger.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɪj.ɡɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪjɡɛr
* Syllabification: flyj‧ger

### Noun

flyjger m pers (female equivalent flyjgerka)
* nurse
** 2017 November 12, BARBARA SZMATLOCH, “Pogodomy se po ślonsku. Flyjgowanie leżoncego na znacki”, in wyborcza.pl‎, Katowice:Toż chca Wom pedzieć, co w „budkach” (kioskach) zacli przedować „blank” (całkiem) nowy cajtong kery sie „mianuje” (nazywa) „OPIEKUN” – po naszymu to by mogło być „FLYJGOWNIK” abo „FLYJGER”, bo jes cołki ło „flyjgowaniu” (pielęgnowaniu) chorych, ale niy takich, co to majom „influynza” (grypa) abo kajśik jich zawioło.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* flyjgować impf
# kšaft
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kšaft. Borrowed from Middle High German gescheft. Doublet of kšeft.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʃaft]
* Hyphenation: kšaft

### Noun

kšaft m inan
* (archaic) testament, will
    Synonyms: poslední vůle, závěť
    Říkal, že syna i kšaftem vyloučí z dědictví. ― He said he would exclude his son from the inheritance (by testament).
    Kde je tučná kuchyň, bývá hubený kšaft. ― Where there is a fat kitchen, there is a thin testament.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kšaft”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kšaft”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# glasznajder
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Glasschneider.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlaʂˈnaj.dɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ajdɛr
* Syllabification: glasz‧naj‧der

### Noun

glasznajder m inan
* glass cutter

#### Declension
### Further reading

* glasznajder in dykcjonorz.eu
# godziny
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɔˈd͡ʑi.nɘ/
* Rhymes: -inɘ
* Syllabification: go‧dzi‧ny

### Noun

godziny f
* inflection of godzina:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Silesian
### Etymology

From godzina +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɔˈd͡ʑi.nɪ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -inɪ
* Syllabification: go‧dzi‧ny

### Noun

godziny nvir pl
* (Cieszyn Silesia) clock

### Further reading

* godziny in dykcjonorz.eu
* godziny in silling.org
# gorzołka
## Silesian
### Etymology

From gorzoła +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɔˈʐɔw.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔwka
* Syllabification: go‧rzoł‧ka

### Noun

gorzołka f (diminutive gorzołeczka)
* diminutive of gorzoła (“vodka”)

### Further reading

* gorzołka in silling.org
* Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “gorzołka”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 100
# grochowy
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gorxovъ. By surface analysis, groch +‎ -owy. First attested in 1472.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /ɡrɔxɔvɨː/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ɡrɔxɔvɨ/

### Adjective

grochowy
* (relational) pea
** 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 956:Grochova kyta canderes *stilatum spelta[Grochowa kita canderes *stilatum spelta]

#### Derived terms

* grochowiny

#### Descendants

* Polish: grochowy
* Silesian: grochowy

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish grochowy. By surface analysis, groch +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrɔˈxɔ.vɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ɡrɔˈxɔ.vɨ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: gro‧cho‧wy

### Adjective

grochowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) pea

#### Related terms

* groch
* grochowa
* grochowiec
* grochowina
* grochowisko
* grochówka
* groszek

### Further reading

* grochowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* grochowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “grochowy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grochowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “grochowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “grochowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 908

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish grochowy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrɔˈxɔ.vɪ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɪ
* Syllabification: gro‧cho‧wy

### Adjective

grochowy (not comparable)
* (relational) pea

#### Derived terms

* grochowina

### Further reading

* grochowy in silling.org
# gyszynk
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Geschenk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɪ.ʂɪŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪʂɪŋk
* Syllabification: gy‧szynk

### Noun

gyszynk m inan
* present

### Further reading

* gyszynk in silling.org
# gzuć
## Silesian
### Etymology

Compare Polish gzić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡzut͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ut͡ɕ
* Syllabification: gzuć

### Verb

gzuć impf
* (intransitive) to dash, to rush, to scud, to speed

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “gzuć”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 106
# double-dog dares
## English
### Verb

double-dog dares
* third-person singular simple present indicative of double-dog dare

### Noun

double-dog dares
* plural of double-dog dare
# kinosternid
## English
### Noun

kinosternid (plural kinosternids)
* (zoology) Any turtle in the family Kinosternidae.
# tabis
## English
### Noun

tabis
* plural of tabi

### Anagrams

* basti, batis, IBATs, absit, Sabit, biast, Bista, Staib, baits

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ta‧bis

### Adjective

tabis
* pompous

### Verb

tabis
* to swagger; to walk pompously

### Anagrams

* bitas, sibat, tibas

## Latin
### Noun

tābis
* genitive singular of tābēs

## Volapük
### Noun

tabis
* accusative plural of tab
# Нь
## Yakut
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲ/

### Letter

Нь • (Ny) (lower case нь, uppercase НЬ)
* The nineteenth letter of the Sakhan (Yakutian) alphabet.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ҕ ҕ, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Һ һ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я
# こうくうぼかん
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of こうくうぼかん – see the following entry. :
| 【航空母艦】 | [noun] an aircraft carrier |
(This term, こうくうぼかん (kōkūbokan), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# gazyta
## Silesian
### Alternative forms

* gazeta

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Gazette. Compare Polish gazeta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈzɪ.ta/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪta
* Syllabification: ga‧zy‧ta

### Noun

gazyta f
* (publishing) newspaper (publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles)
    Synonym: cajtōng

#### Declension
### Further reading

* gazyta in silling.org
# mínscoth
## Irish
### Etymology

From mín +‎ scoth.

### Noun

mínscoth f (genitive singular mínscotha, nominative plural mínscothanna)
* (black) knapweed
    Synonyms: bata cogaidh, cnapán dubh, mullach dubh

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
mínscoth
mínscothanna
vocative
a mhínscoth
a mhínscothanna
genitive
mínscotha
mínscothanna
dative
mínscoth
mínscothanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an mhínscoth
na mínscothanna
genitive
na mínscotha
na mínscothanna
dative
leis an mínscoth don mhínscoth
leis na mínscothanna :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mínscoth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “mínscoth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “mínscoth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# hauptman
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Hauptmann. Compare Lower Sorbian hawptman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxawp.tman/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -awptman
* Syllabification: haup‧tman

### Noun

hauptman m pers
* (military) captain

### Further reading

* hauptman in silling.org
# НЬ
## Yakut
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲ/

### Letter

НЬ • (NY) (lower case нь, sentence case Нь)
* The nineteenth letter of the Sakhan (Yakutian) alphabet.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ҕ ҕ, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Һ һ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я
# висування
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From висува́ти (vysuváty) +‎ -ання (-annja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʋesʊˈʋanʲːɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

висува́ння • (vysuvánnja) n inan (genitive висува́ння, nominative plural висува́ння, genitive plural висува́нь)
* verbal noun of висува́ти (vysuváty):
** promotion, recommendation

#### Declension
### References

* “висування”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# -semi
## Faroese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse -semi, from samr +‎ -i.

### Suffix

-semi
* -ness

#### Derived terms
## Icelandic
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse -semi, from samr +‎ -i.

### Suffix

-semi f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -semi, no plural)
* -ness

#### Derived terms
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From samr +‎ -i.

### Suffix

-semi f
* -ness
    Synonym: -leiki

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: -semi
* Faroese: -semi
# hawyna
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Hafen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaˈvɪ.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪna
* Syllabification: ha‧wy‧na

### Noun

hawyna f
* (nautical) harbor, haven, port (place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers)

### Further reading

* hawyna in silling.org
# jakoś
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* jakosi (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

From jako +‎ -ś. First attested in 1500–1547. Compare Kashubian jakòs, and Silesian jakoś.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈja.kɔɕ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈja.kɔɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -akɔɕ
* Syllabification: ja‧koś

### Adverb

jakoś (not comparable)
* somehow (in some way)

### Particle

jakoś
* somewhere around (approximately)
    Synonym: około
* (colloquial) for some reason
* (colloquial) kinda, somewhat
    Synonym: trochę

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jakoś is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 0 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 12 times in essays, 24 times in fiction, and 51 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 88 times, making it the 721st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jakoś”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jakoś”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 161

### Further reading

* jakoś in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* jakoś in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jakoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jakoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jakoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 130

## Silesian
### Etymology

From jako +‎ -ś. Compare Polish jakoś.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈja.kɔɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -akɔɕ
* Syllabification: ja‧koś

### Adverb

jakoś (not comparable)
* somehow

### Particle

jakoś
* somewhere around (approximately)
* for some reason

### Further reading

* jakoś in silling.org
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “jakojś”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 283
# jedyn
## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish jeden.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɛ.dɪn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛdɪn
* Syllabification: je‧dyn

### Numeral

jedyn
* one

### Further reading

* jedyn in silling.org

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɛdɨn/
* Rhymes: -ɛdɨn
* Hyphenation: je‧dyn
* Syllabification: je‧dyn

### Numeral

jedyn
* one

#### Declension

This numeral needs an inflection-table template.

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | nul | jedyn | dwaj | tři | štyri | pjeć | šěsć | sydom | wósom | dźewjeć |
| 1— | dźesać | jědnaće | dwanaće | třinaće | štyrnaće | pjatnaće | šěsnaće | sydomnaće | wósomnaće | dźewjatnaće |
| 2— | dwaceći | jedyn-a-dwaceći | dwaj-a-dwaceći | tři-a-dwaceći | štyri-a-dwaceći | pjeć-a-dwaceći | šěsć-a-dwaceći | sydom-a-dwaceći | wósom-a-dwaceći | dwaceći dźewjeć |
| 3— | třiceći | jedyn-a-třiceći | dwaj-a-třiceći | tři-a-třiceći | štyri-a-třiceći | pjeć-a-třiceći | šěsć-a-třiceći | sydom-a-třiceći | wósom-a-třiceći | dźewjeć-a-třiceći |
| 4— | štyrceći | jedyn-a-štyrceći | dwaj-a-štyrceći | tři-a-štyrceći | štyri-a-štyrceći | pjeć-a-štyrceći | šěsć-a-štyrceći | sydom-a-štyrceći | wósom-a-štyrceći | dźewjeć-a-štyrceći |

### Pronoun

jedyn
* one
    Kupich ducent jejow, ale jedne z nich bě skažene. ― I bought a dozen eggs but one of them was spoiled.

#### Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* “jedyn” in Soblex
# jynzyk
## Silesian
### Alternative forms

* lynzyk

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish język.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɪn.zɪk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪnzɪk
* Syllabification: jyn‧zyk

### Noun

jynzyk m inan (diminutive jynzyczek, augmentative jynzur)
* tongue (flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around, for tasting and that is moved into various positions to modify the flow of air from the lungs in order to produce different sounds in speech)
* language (body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* jynzyk in dykcjonorz.eu
* jynzyk in silling.org
# jōndro
## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish jądro, from Proto-Slavic *ędro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjon.drɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ondrɔ
* Syllabification: jōn‧dro

### Noun

jōndro n
* core, kernel, nucleus

#### Related terms

* wnyntrzny
* wōntroba

### Further reading

* jōndro in silling.org
# вишивання
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From вишива́ти (vyšyváty) +‎ -ання (-annja)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʋeʃeˈʋanʲːɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

вишива́ння • (vyšyvánnja) n inan (genitive вишива́ння, nominative plural вишива́ння, genitive plural вишива́нь)
* verbal noun of вишива́ти (vyšyváty): embroidery

#### Declension
### References

* “вишивання”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# kamiyń
## Silesian
### Alternative forms

* kamjyń (Steuers Silesian alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish kamień.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.mjɪɲ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -amjɪɲ
* Syllabification: ka‧miyń

### Noun

kamiyń m inan
* stone (piece of rock that has been separated)
** 2017, Charles Dickens, translated by Grzegorz Kulik, Godniŏ pieśń [A Christmas Carol]‎, 1 edition, Opole: Silesia Progress, →ISBN:Stary Marley bōł umarty choby kamiyń.Old Marley was dead as a stone.
* (historical) stone (unit of mass equal to 32 pounds)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* kamiyń in silling.org
* Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “kamiyń”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 86
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “kamjyń”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 298
# відставання
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From відстава́ти (vidstaváty) +‎ -ання (-annja)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʋʲid͡zstɐˈʋanʲːɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

відстава́ння • (vidstavánnja) n inan (genitive відстава́ння, uncountable)
* lagging, lag

#### Declension
### References

* “відставання”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# יהודיים
## Hebrew
### Adjective

יְהוּדִיִים • (yehudiyím)
* masculine plural indefinite form of יהודי (yehudí)
# יהודיות
## Hebrew
### Adjective

יְהוּדִיּוֹת • (yehudiyót)
* feminine plural indefinite form of יְהוּדִי (yehudí)

### Noun

יְהוּדִיּוֹת • (yehudiyót) f pl
* plural indefinite form of יהודיה (yehudiyá)‎

### Noun

יְהוּדִיּוּת • (yehudiyút) f
* Jewishness

#### See also

* יַהֲדוּת
# kancelista
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish kancelista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kan.t͡sɛˈlis.ta/
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: kan‧ce‧lis‧ta

### Noun

kancelista m pers
* (historical) clerk (in city offices, royal chancelleries, etc.: an official serving as a secretary)
    Synonyms: bióralista, pisark

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “kancelista”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “kancelista”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kanzlist. First attested in 1796. Compare Silesian kancelista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kan.t͡sɛˈlis.ta/
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: kan‧ce‧lis‧ta

### Noun

kancelista m pers
* (historical, archaic) clerk (in city offices, royal chancelleries, etc.: an official serving as a secretary)
    Synonym: pisarz

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: kancelista

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “kancelista”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “kancelista”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kancelista”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “kancelista”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Gazeta Krakowska (in Polish), number 19, 1796 March 10, page 4

### Further reading

* kancelista in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “kancelista”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kancelista”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 230

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kanzlist. Compare Polish kancelista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kan.t͡sɛˈlis.ta/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: kan‧ce‧lis‧ta

### Noun

kancelista m pers
* (historical) clerk (in city offices, royal chancelleries, etc.: an official serving as a secretary)

### Further reading

* kancelista in silling.org
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “kancelista”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 298
# читання
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

чита́ти (čytáty, “to read”, verb) +‎ -ання (-annja). Compare Russian чте́ние (čténije), Belarusian чыта́нне (čytánnje), Polish czytanie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃeˈtanʲːɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "The audio file at File:Uk-читання.ogg pronounces *чи́тання. Please provide чита́ння."

### Noun

чита́ння • (čytánnja) n inan (genitive чита́ння, nominative plural чита́ння, genitive plural чита́нь)
* verbal noun of чита́ти (čytáty): reading

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “читання”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “читання”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “читання”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)