# 味素
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 味の素 (Ajinomoto).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèisù
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄙㄨˋ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mi-su
* Eastern Min (BUC): ê-só
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sò͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhi$^7$ su$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèisù
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèisù
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-su$^4$
*** Yale: wèi-sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weysuh
*** Palladius: вэйсу (vɛjsu)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mi-su
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi su
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^4$ su$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ê-só
*** Sinological IPA : /i²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$lou²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: bī-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixsox
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ sɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ sɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ sɔ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhi$^7$ su$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bī sù
*** Sinological IPA : /bi¹¹ su²¹³/

#### Noun

味素
* (chiefly Hakka, Eastern Min, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) monosodium glutamate

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 味精, 味素, 穀氨酸鈉 Mainland, 麩胺酸鈉 Taiwan |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 味精 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 味之素 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 味精 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 味之素 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 味精 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 味精 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 味之素 dated |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 味之素 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 味精, 味粉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 味精, 師傅 slang |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 味之素 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 味之素 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 味精 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 味素 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 味素 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 味素 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 味素 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 味素 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 甜粉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 味精 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 味四素, 味精 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 味素 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 味素, 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 味素, 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 味素粉 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 味精 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 味精 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 味精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 味精 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 味之素, 味精 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 味之素 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 味之素 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 味精 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 味之素 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 味之素 dated |
| Xiang | Changsha | 味子素 |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sò͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhi$^7$ sou$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: bī-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixsox
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /bi⁴¹⁻²² sɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /bi²²⁻²¹ sɔ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhi$^7$ sou$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bī sòu
*** Sinological IPA : /bi¹¹ sou²¹³/

#### Noun

味素
* (Jin, Southern Min, Central Min, Puxian Min) taste
    From: 2017, 李海金 (lyrics), 黄敬静 (music), 您若来泉州, performed by 曾晓忠
    Choân-chiu ê bī-sò͘ chǹg khí-phāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The taste of Quanzhou penetrates between the teeth
* (dialectal Mandarin, Jin, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, Teochew) smell
* (Teochew) temperament

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 味 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 滋味, 味道, 風味, 口味 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 味兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 味道, 味 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 味道, 味 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 味兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 味道 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 味道 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 味口, 味 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 味道 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 味道 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 味道 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 味道, 味 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 味道, 味 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 味道 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 味 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 味道, 味 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 味道 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 味道 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 味素, 味緒, 味道 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 味 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 味 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 味兒, 味道 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 味道 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 味 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 味素 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 味素, 味 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 味素, 味道, 味 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 味道, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 味, 味素 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃口 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 味道 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 味道 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 味道 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 味道 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 氣息, 臭味, 氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 味兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 味 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 味兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 味兒, 味氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 味味子, 味味兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 氣氣, 味道 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 氣味, 氣色 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 味道 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 味道, 氣味 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 味, 𡃴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 味, 𡃴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 𡃴 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 味, 𡃴 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 氣味 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 味道, 氣味 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 味 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 味氣 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 味道, 氣色 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 味 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 味 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 味, 味素, 峇羽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 味, 味素 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 味, 味素, 羶, 氣味 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 味道, 氣味 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 氣道 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 氣色, 味道, 氣味 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 氣色, 氣 |

### References

* (Min Nan) “味素”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.