# इ

| इ | U+0907, &#2311; DEVANAGARI LETTER I |
| ← आ [U+0906] | Devanagari | ई → [U+0908] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i/, /ɪ/ (may vary by language)

### Letter

इ (i)
* a vowel of the Devanagari script

#### Usage notes

* Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant is written ि. For example the first consonant क with the matra looks like: कि. The matra should appear before the consonant it modifies, though it is pronounced after.

#### Derived terms

* ि

## Dhivehi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i]

### Letter

इ • (i)
* The third vowel in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari script

## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪ/, /i/
* IPA: /iː/ (at the end of words)
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

इ • (i)
* the third vowel in Hindi

#### See also

* (matra): ि (i)
* Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़

## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

इ • (i)
* The third vowel in Marathi.

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i]
* Phonetic Devanagari: इ
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

इ • (i)
* The third vowel in Nepali.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ই (Assamese script)
* ᬇ (Balinese script)
* ই (Bengali script)
* 𑰂 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀇 (Brahmi script)
* ဣ (Burmese script)
* ઇ (Gujarati script)
* ਇ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌇 (Grantha script)
* ꦆ (Javanese script)
* 𑂅 (Kaithi script)
* ಇ (Kannada script)
* ឥ (Khmer script)
* ອິ (Lao script)
* ഇ (Malayalam script)
* ᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘂 (Modi script)
* ᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦢 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐂 (Newa script)
* ଇ (Odia script)
* ꢄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆅 (Sharada script)
* 𑖂 (Siddham script)
* ඉ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩑 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚂 (Takri script)
* இ (Tamil script)
* ఇ (Telugu script)
* อิ (Thai script)
* ཨི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒃 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /i/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /i/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hay-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate with Ancient Greek εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀍𐀳 (i-jo-te), Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹 (aitiy, “goes”), Luwian 𒄿𒋾 (i-ti /⁠iti, idi⁠/, “goes”), Hittite 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /⁠iyatta⁠/, “goes”), Old Church Slavonic ити (iti), Lithuanian eiti, and Latin eo, iter whence English itinerary.

#### Alternative forms

* अय् (ay), ई (ī)

#### Root

इ • (i)
* to go

##### Usage notes

The aorist is normally supplied by the root गा (gā): अगात् (ágāt).

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* एति (éti, Present)
* अयति (áyati, Present)
* एष्यति (eṣyáti, Future)
* अयिष्यति (ayiṣyáti, Future)
* एता (etā́, Periphrastic Future)
* ईयात् (īyāt, Benedictive)
* इयाय (iyā́ya, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* ईयते (ī́yate, Passive)
* आययति (āyayati, Causative)
* ईषिषति (ī́ṣiṣati, Desiderative)
* ईयते (ī́yate, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* इत (itá, Past Participle)
* एतुम् (étum, Infinitive)
* एतवे (étave, Infinitive)
* एतवै (étavaí, Infinitive)
* एतोस् (étos, Infinitive)
* इत्यै (ityaí, Infinitive)
* इयध्यै (iyádhyai, Infinitive)
* इत्वा (itvā́, Gerund)
* इत्य (ítya, Gerund)
* एतव्य (etavyà, Gerundive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* अर्थेत् (arthét, “active, hasty”)
* अय (áya, “going”)
* अयन (áyana, “road, path”)
* आय (āyá, “arrival, approach”)
* आयन (ā́yana, “coming, approaching”)
* आयिन् (āyín, “coming or hastening near”)
* आयु (āyú, “living, movable”)
* इत्य (itya, “to be gone to”)
* इत्या (ityā́, “going, stepping”)
* इत्वन् (itvan, “going”)
* इत्वर (itvara, “going, walking”)
* एतृ (etṛ́, “goer, approacher”)
* एम (éma, “course, way”)
* एमन् (éman, “course, way”)
* एव (éva, “going, moving, speedy, quick”)
* एति (éti, “arrival, approach”)
* एत (éta, “come near, approached”)
* एत (éta, “rushing, darting”)
* एनी (enī́, “rushing, darting”)
* एत्य (étya, “having come near”)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अती (atī)
* अन्तरि (antari)
* अन्वि (anvi)
* अधी (adhī, “to turn the mind towards, to mind, know by heart, go over”)
* अपी (apī)
* अपे (ape)
* अभी (abhī)
* अवे (ave)
* उदि (udi)
* उपे (upe)
* ए (e, “come near, approach; reach, attain; submit”)
* निरि (niri)
* नी (nī)
* परी (parī)
* परे (pare)
* प्रती (pratī)
* प्रे (pre, “come forth, appear; begin; proceed, advance; go forwards; go out”)
* वी (vī)
* समि (sami)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *éy. See also अयम् (ayam).

#### Alternative forms

* अय् (ay)

#### Particle

इ • (i)
* base of the nominative and accusative singular dual and plural of the demonstrative pronoun इदम् (idam), ‘this’ or ‘that’

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “इ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 163/2-3.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 7
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 102-3; 185