# 梵

| 梵 | U+68B5, &#26805; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68B5 |
| ← 梴 [U+68B4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 梶 → [U+68B6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

梵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木木竹弓戈 (DDHNI), four-corner 4421$_7$, composition ⿱林凡)

#### Derived characters

* 𭊃, 滼, 𫍉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14888
* Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1210, character 5
* Unihan data for U+68B5

## Chinese

* 梵

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嵐 | *b·ruːm |
| 葻 | *b·uːm |
| 釩 | *pʰomʔ |
| 汎 | *pʰoms, *bum |
| 凡 | *bom |
| 帆 | *bom, *boms |
| 颿 | *bom, *boms |
| 軓 | *bomʔ |
| 梵 | *bloms, *bum |
| 芃 | *boːŋ, *bum |
| 風 | *plum, *plums |
| 飌 | *plum |
| 楓 | *plum |
| 猦 | *plum |
| 偑 | *plum |
| 檒 | *plum |
| 瘋 | *plum |
| 諷 | *plums |
| 堸 | *blum |
| 渢 | *blum |
| 鳳 | *bums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bloms, *bum): semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum).

### Etymology

As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàn, fán
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ, ㄈㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faan$^4$ / faan$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fan$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fam$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huáng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huam$^6$ / huang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ve
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^4$
*** Yale: fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fán
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fán
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$
*** Yale: fán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^4$ / faan$^6$
*** Yale: fàahn / faahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^4$ / faan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^4$ / fan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²¹/, /faːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fan²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huáng
*** Sinological IPA : /huɑŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
*** Tâi-lô: huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huam$^6$ / huang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăm / huăng
*** Sinological IPA : /huam³⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ve
*** MiniDict: ve$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ve
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸan⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwng, bjomH
Rime :
| Character | 梵 | 梵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 凡 (146) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 房戎切 | 扶泛切 |
| Baxter | bjuwng | bjomH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuŋ/ | /bɨɐm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuŋ/ | /biɐm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuŋ/ | /biɐm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwŋ/ | /buam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /biuŋ/ | /biɐm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuŋ/ | /bĭwɐm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uŋ/ | /bʱi̯wɐm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | féng | fàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^4$ | faan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bum/, /*bloms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 梵 | 梵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 2932 | 2918 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 | 凡 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 馮 | 梵 |
| Old Chinese | /*bum/ | /*bloms/ |
| Notes | 見漢碑 | |

### Definitions

梵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) lush; luxuriant
* (Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism)
* (figurative) quiet; peaceful; undisturbed
* of or pertaining to Buddhism; Buddhist
* of or pertaining to ancient India or the Sanskrit language; Indian
    梵語／梵语 ― Fànyǔ ― Sanskrit language
    梵漢對音／梵汉对音 ― Fàn-Hàn duìyīn ― Sino-Sanskrit pronunciations
* (Buddhism) to chant sutras; to recite sutras
* (Buddhism) sound of sutra chanting
* Used in transcription.
    梵蒂岡／梵蒂冈 ― Fàndìgāng ― Vatican City
    文森特·梵高 ― Wénsēntè Fàngāo ― Vincent van Gogh
    梵恩 ― Fàn'ēn ― Vaan (Final Fantasy XII character)
    歌帝梵巧克力 ― Gēdìfàn qiǎokèlì ― Godiva chocolate
    梵啞鈴／梵哑铃 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$ve-o$_5$-lin$_6$ [Wugniu] ― violin
* a surname

### Compounds

* 仙梵
* 作梵
* 午梵
* 四月梵
* 四梵
* 四梵天
* 大梵天
* 曉梵 / 晓梵
* 梵世
* 梵事
* 梵亞林 / 梵亚林
* 梵侶 / 梵侣
* 梵俗
* 梵偈
* 梵僧
* 梵像
* 梵冊 / 梵册
* 梵冊貝葉 / 梵册贝叶
* 梵刹
* 梵剎 / 梵刹
* 梵咒
* 梵唄 / 梵呗 (fànbài)
* 梵唱 (fànchàng)
* 梵啞鈴 / 梵哑铃 (fànyǎlíng)
* 梵土
* 梵坊
* 梵城
* 梵堂
* 梵塔
* 梵境
* 梵天 (Fàntiān)
* 梵天王
* 梵夾 / 梵夹
* 梵婀玲 (fàn'ēlíng)
* 梵嫂
* 梵字
* 梵學 / 梵学
* 梵宇 (fànyǔ)
* 梵客
* 梵室
* 梵容
* 梵宮 / 梵宫
* 梵家
* 梵寂
* 梵居
* 梵屧
* 梵山
* 梵帙
* 梵帝
* 梵席
* 梵庋
* 梵心
* 梵志
* 梵我一如
* 梵摩天
* 梵教
* 梵文 (fànwén)
* 梵方
* 梵書 / 梵书
* 梵服
* 梵本 (fànběn)
* 梵林
* 梵梵
* 梵樓 / 梵楼
* 梵樂 / 梵乐
* 梵樹 / 梵树
* 梵殿
* 梵氏
* 梵法
* 梵王
* 梵王字
* 梵王宅
* 梵王宮 / 梵王宫
* 梵王家
* 梵王燈 / 梵王灯
* 梵界
* 梵皇 (Fànhuáng)
* 梵相
* 梵眾 / 梵众
* 梵眾天 / 梵众天
* 梵磬
* 梵神
* 梵秘
* 梵策
* 梵筵
* 梵筴 / 梵策
* 梵經 / 梵经
* 梵聲 / 梵声
* 梵花
* 梵莢 / 梵荚
* 梵蒂岡 / 梵蒂冈 (Fàndìgāng)
* 梵行
* 梵行先生
* 梵表
* 梵衲
* 梵襟
* 梵言 (fànyán)
* 梵語 / 梵语 (fànyǔ, “Sanskrit”)
* 梵誦 / 梵诵
* 梵譯 / 梵译 (fànyì)
* 梵谷 (Fàngǔ)
* 梵貝 / 梵贝 (fànbèi)
* 梵蹟 / 梵迹
* 梵輔天 / 梵辅天
* 梵輪 / 梵轮
* 梵迹
* 梵道
* 梵部
* 梵釋 / 梵释
* 梵鈴 / 梵铃
* 梵鐘 / 梵钟
* 梵門 / 梵门
* 梵閣 / 梵阁
* 梵雲 / 梵云
* 梵音 (fànyīn)
* 梵響 / 梵响
* 梵館 / 梵馆
* 梵香
* 梵高 (Fàngāo)
* 清梵
* 演梵
* 琳宮梵宇 / 琳宫梵宇
* 薄伽梵 (Bóqiéfàn)
* 螺髻梵志
* 讚梵 / 赞梵
* 貝梵 / 贝梵
* 釋梵 / 释梵
* 鍾梵 / 钟梵
* 鐘梵 / 钟梵
* 高梵
* 魚梵 / 鱼梵

### References

* “梵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼん (bon)
* Kan-on: はん (han)

#### Compounds

* 釈(しゃく)梵(ぼん) (shakubon)
* 薄(ば)伽(が)梵(ぼん) (bagabon), 婆(ば)伽(が)梵(ぼん) (bagabon)
* 梵(ぼ)論(ろ) (boro)
* 梵(ぼ)論(ろん)字(じ) (boronji)
* 梵(ぼん)王(おう) (bon'ō)
* 梵(ぼん)音(おん) (bon'on)
* 梵(ぼん)我(ご)一(いち)如(にょ) (bongoichinyo)
* 梵(ぼん)学(がく) (bongaku)
* 梵(ぼん)行(ぎょう) (bongyō)
* 梵(ぼん)宮(ぐう) (bongū)
* 梵(ぼん)語(ご) (bongo): Sanskrit
* 梵(ぼん)妻(さい) (bonsai): Buddhist priest's wife
* 梵(ぼん)刹(さつ) (bonsatsu), 梵(ぼん)刹(せつ) (bonsetsu): temple
* 梵(ぼん)讃(さん) (bonsan)
* 梵(ぼん)志(し) (bonshi)
* 梵(ぼん)字(じ) (bonji)
* 梵(ぼん)書(しょ) (bonsho)
* 梵(ぼん)鐘(しょう) (bonshō)
* 梵(ぼん)砌(ぜい) (bonzei)
* 梵(ぼん)僧(そう) (bonsō)
* 梵(ぼん)天(てん) (bonten)
* 梵(ぼん)唄(ばい) (bonbai)
* 梵(ぼん)文(ぶん) (bonbun): Sanskrit text
* 梵(ぼん)網(もう)経(きょう) (bonmōkyō)
* 梵(ぼん)卵(らん) (bonran): world egg
* Kanji in this term
* 梵
* ぼん Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼん [bóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ぼん [bòń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

梵(ぼん) • (bon)
* Abbreviation of 梵語.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʌ̹m]
* Phonetic hangul: [범]

### Hanja

Wikisource 梵 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

梵: Hán Nôm readings: phạn, phạm
* Brahma
* Sanskrit