# camouflage
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French camouflage, from camoufler (“to veil, disguise”), alteration (due to camouflet (“smoke blown in one's face”)) of Italian camuffare (“to muffle the head”), from ca- (from Italian capo (“head”)) + muffare (“to muffle”), from Medieval Latin muffula, muffla (“muff”). This Medieval Latin, from which there is also English muffle, is either derived from a Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”)) + *fell (“hide, skin”), from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”), or, an alternate etymology traces it to a Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) composed of *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”) + *fell (“skin, hide”) from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: cam‧ou‧flage

### Noun

camouflage (countable and uncountable, plural camouflages)
* A disguise or covering up.
* The act of disguising.
* (military) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.
* (textiles) A pattern on clothing consisting of irregularly shaped patches that are either greenish/brownish, brownish/whitish, or bluish/whitish, as used by ground combat forces.
* (biology) Resemblance of an organism to its surroundings for avoiding detection.
** 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close […] above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.
* Clothes made from camouflage fabric, for concealment in combat or hunting.

#### Derived terms

* active camouflage
* anticamouflage
* camo (by abbreviation)
* Camotint
* camouflage discipline
* camouflage net
* camouflagic
* camouflanguage
* dazzle camouflage
* immunocamouflage
* spamouflage

#### Related terms

* camoufleur

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

camouflage (third-person singular simple present camouflages, present participle camouflaging, simple past and past participle camouflaged)
* To hide or disguise something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.
** 1960 January, “New reading on railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 26:THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF WORLD RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES. Edited by P. Ransome-Wallis. Hutchinson. 50s. A gaudy jacket, remarkably out of keeping with the contents, camouflages the weightiest and meatiest work on a railway topic since the war.
** 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, pages 250–251:Elegant brick and stone buildings, with iron and glass canopies and decorative wooden scalloping and fencing—all evidencing care on the part of the architect to produce a pleasing, well-planned building—were submerged beneath a profusion of ill-conceived additions and camouflaged by vulgar paint schemes; and the original conception was lost.

#### Derived terms

* camo
* camouflageable
* camouflager

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ (JP 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms).

### Further reading

* camouflage on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Category:camouflage on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

## Dutch
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French camouflage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌkaː.muˈflaː.ʒə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ca‧mou‧fla‧ge
* Rhymes: -aːʒə

### Noun

camouflage f (plural camouflages)
* camouflage [from mid 1910s]

#### Derived terms

* camouflagekleur

#### Related terms

* camoufleren

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: kamuflase
* → West Frisian: kamûflaazje

## French
### Etymology

From camoufler (“disguise, to hide”) +‎ -age (noun-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.mu.flaʒ/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)

### Noun

camouflage m (plural camouflages)
* camouflage

#### Descendants

* → English: camouflage
** → Japanese: カモフラージュ
* → German: Camouflage
* → Greek: καμουφλάζ n (kamoufláz)
* → Korean: 카무플라주 (kamupeullaju)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: kamuflasje
* → Portuguese: camuflagem
* → Romanian: camuflaj
* → Russian: камуфля́ж (kamufljáž) (see there for further descendants)
* → Spanish: camuflaje
* → Turkish: kamuflaj

### Further reading

* “camouflage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.