# بكر
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ب ك ر (b k r). Compare Hebrew בְּכוֹר (bəḵōr, “firstborn”).

### Verb

بَكَرَ • (bakara) I (non-past يَبْكُرُ (yabkuru), verbal noun بُكُور (bukūr))
* to be early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘at something’]
* to come early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
* to get up early

#### Conjugation
### Verb

بَكَّرَ • (bakkara) II (non-past يُبَكِّرُ (yubakkiru), verbal noun تَبْكِير (tabkīr))
* to be early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘at something’]
* to come early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
* to get up early
* to early or prematurely [with فِي (fī) or بِ (bi, + verbal noun) ‘do something’]

#### Conjugation
### Proper noun

بَكْر • (bakr) m
* a male given name, Bakr
    أبو بكر، بو بكر ― The father of Bakr

#### Declension
### Noun

بِكْر • (bikr) m (plural أَبْكَار (ʔabkār))
* firstborn child
* male or female virgin, celibate
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:36:فَجَعَلْنَاهُنَّ أَبْكَارًاfajaʕalnāhunna ʔabkāranAnd [we] made them virgins
** Traditional, “يَا مَرْيَمُ الْبِكْرُ فُقْتِ [O Virgin Mary Ye Surpassed]”‎:يَا مَرْيَمُ الْبِكْرُ فُقْتِ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَكُلَّ نَجْمٍ بِأَفْلَاكِ السَّمَاءِ سَرَىyā maryamu l-bikru fuqti š-šamsa wālqamara wakulla najmin biʔaflāki s-samāʔi sarāO Virgin Mary, ye surpassed the sun and the moon and all the stars that orbited the heavenly spheres by night.

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: بكار (bekâr)
** Turkish: bekâr
** → Albanian: beqar
** → Armenian: պէքեար (pēkʻear)
** → Greek: μπεκιάρης (bekiáris)
** → Macedonian: беќар (beḱar)
** → Romanian: becher
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: бѐћа̄р
    Latin script: bèćār
* → Persian: بکر (bekr)

### Noun

بُكَر • (bukar) pl
* plural of بُكْرَة (bukra)

## Gulf Arabic
### Noun

بَكَّر • (transliteration needed) m (plural بَكَّرَات)
* (dialectal) a pair of pliers

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بِكْر (bikr, “firstborn; virgin”). Doublet of بكار (bekâr, “bachelor”).

### Adjective

بكر • (bikr or bikir)
* virgin, chaste, in a state of virginity, not having had sexual intercourse

### Noun

بكر • (bikr or bikir) (definite accusative بكری (bikri), plural ابكار (ebkâr))
* firstborn, firstling, the first child born to in the birth order of a couple through childbirth
    Synonym: نخست زاد (nuhust zad)
* virgin, maid, vestal, a woman or female animal who has never had any sexual intercourse
    Synonyms: بتول (betul), دوشیزه (duşize)
* (of a woman) virginity, maidenhood, the state or characteristic of being a virgin or a maiden
    Synonyms: بكارت (bekâret), قیزلق (kızlık)
* hymen, maidenhead, a membrane which occludes the vaginal opening in human females
    Synonyms: بكارت (bekâret), قیزلق (kızlık)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bikr”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 602
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “bikr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 129
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 272
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Virgo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1768
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 862
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bikir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 376

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَكَّرَ (bakkara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak.kar/, [ˈbak.kar]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

بكّر • (bakkar) II (present ببكّر (bibakker))
* to be early
    Antonym: تأخّر (tʔaḵḵar)

#### See also

* بكّير (bakkīr, “early”)