OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# मुस्तक़िल
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مستقل (mustaqil), from Arabic مُسْتَقِلّ (mustaqill).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mʊs.t̪ə.qɪl/, [mʊs.t̪ɐ.qɪl], /mʊs.t̪ə.kɪl/, [mʊs.t̪ɐ.kɪl]

### Adjective

मुस्तक़िल • (mustaqil) (indeclinable)
* firm, fixed
** (Can we date this quote?), Premchand, दो बैल:उसके चेहरे पर एक मुस्तक़िल मायूसी छाई रहती है सुख-दुख, नफ़ा-नुक़्सान से कभी उसे शाद होते नहीं देखाuske cehre par ek mustaqil māyūsī chāī rahtī hai sukh-dukh, nafā-nuqsān se kabhī use śād hote nahī̃ dekhā(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* permanent (as tenure or right)

#### Derived terms

* मुस्तक़िल-मिज़ाज (mustaqil-mizāj)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “mustaqil”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# ఆపత్తు
## Telugu
### Noun

ఆపత్తు • (āpattu) ? (plural ఆపత్తులు)
* calamity, misfortune, adversity

#### Synonyms

* ఆపద (āpada), విపత్తు (vipattu)
# déeṛi
## Phalura
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit दाढिका (dāḍhikā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /déeɽi/

### Noun

déeṛi f (Perso-Arabic spelling دیڑیۡ)
* beard

#### Declension
### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “déeṛi”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*dāṁṣṭra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 358
# ἑή
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /he.ɛ̌ː/ → /eˈi/ → /eˈi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /he.ɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)eˈe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eˈi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /eˈi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /eˈi/

### Pronoun

ἑή • (heḗ)
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of ἑός (heós)
# Restriktionen
## German
### Noun

Restriktionen
* nominative/genitive/dative/accusative plural of Restriktion
# 猟り
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 猟
* か Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 獵り (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 猟り – see the following entry. :
| 【狩かり】 | [verb] stem or continuative form of 狩る (karu) [godan] |
(This term, 猟り, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# silidlawas
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From silid +‎ lawas.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /siˌlidˈlawas/ [sɪˌlid̪ˈl̪aː.wɐs]
* Rhymes: -awas
* Syllabification: si‧lid‧la‧was

### Noun

silídláwas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜎᜏᜐ᜔)
* (cytology) cytosome

### References

* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL
# excogitation
## English
### Etymology

From Latin excogitatio.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɛksˌkɒdʒɪˈteɪʃən/
* (General American) IPA: /ɛksˌkɑdʒəˈteɪʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

excogitation (countable and uncountable, plural excogitations)
* Careful thought or consideration.
** c. 1672, William Petty - Political Arithmetick, p. 21.
    […] the subtile excogitations of the Hollanders […]
** 186?, Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend
    To the excogitation of this problem, this harmless gentleman had devoted many anxious hours […]

#### Related terms

* excogitate

## French
### Etymology

From Latin excogitātiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

excogitation f (plural excogitations)
* excogitation

#### Related terms

* excogiter
# bee naʼadzooí
## Navajo
### Etymology

From bee (“with it”) + naʼadzo (“indefinite people mark”) +‎ -í (nominalizer)

### Noun

bee naʼadzooí
* chalk

### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 164.
# ఆముదపు చెట్టు
## Telugu
### Noun

ఆముదపు చెట్టు • (āmudapu ceṭṭu) ? (plural ఆముదపు చెట్లు)
* the castor oil plant, i.e. Ricinus communis

#### Related terms

* ఆముదము (āmudamu, “castor oil”)

### References

* https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/brown_query.py?page=118
# おほやしま
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of おほやしま – see the following entry. :
| 【大八洲おおやしま】 | [proper noun] [from 849] Short for 大八洲国 (Ōyashima-guni): Japan Alternative spellings 大八州, 大八島 |
(This term, おほやしま (ofoyasima), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) :
# Kukësin
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Kukësin
* definite accusative singular of Kukës
# postcommunio
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* postcomunio

### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin postcommūniō, derived from Classical Latin post (“after”) + commūniō (“communion”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpɔst.komˈmu.njo/, /ˌpɔ.skomˈmu.njo/
* Rhymes: -unjo
* Hyphenation: post‧com‧mù‧nio

### Noun

postcommunio m (plural postcommuni)
* postcommunion (final part of the mass)

### Further reading

* postcommunio in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# hydroxyethane
## English
### Etymology

From hydroxy- +‎ ethane.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /haɪ̯ˌdɹɒksiˈiːθeɪ̯n/
* (General American) IPA: /haɪ̯ˌdɹɑksiˈɛθeɪ̯n/
* (Mid-Atlantic) IPA: /haɪ̯ˌdɹɒksɪˈɛθeɪ̯n/

### Noun

hydroxyethane (uncountable)
* (organic chemistry, nonstandard) ethanol
** [1917, Chemical Abstracts, volume 11, page 3699:[…] thus: Pyrrolecarboxylic acid, not carboxypyrrole; ethyl alchohol or ethanol, not hydroxyethane; pentanone, not ketopentane]
** 1957, Henry C. Speel, edited by Henry C. Speel and Eugene W. K. Schwarz, Textile chemicals and auxiliaries: with special reference to surfactants and finishes, 2nd edition, Reinhold:This hydroxyethane sulfonic acid is made from sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide, with of without pressure.
** 1959, Canadian Patent Office Record, volume 87, page 5180:[…] so as to convert at least a major portion of the oxirane groups into hydroxyethane groups.
# nahajką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈxaj.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ajkɔw̃
* Syllabification: na‧haj‧ką

### Noun

nahajką
* instrumental singular of nahajka
# ఆమ్రము
## Telugu
### Noun

ఆమ్రము • (āmramu) ? (plural ఆమ్రములు)
* the mango tree
# Heideggerianizing
## English
### Verb

Heideggerianizing
* present participle and gerund of Heideggerianize
# קרוג
## Yiddish
### Etymology

Compare German Krug.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʁʊɡ/

### Noun

קרוג • (krug) m, plural קריג (krig), diminutive קריגל (krigl) or קריגעלע (krigele)
* jug, pitcher
# ravgia
## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* rabgia (Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter)

### Etymology

From Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs. For the phonetic development, compare plievgia < *plovia (for Classical pluvia).

### Noun

ravgia f
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) anger, rage

#### Synonyms

* (Puter, Vallader) fotta
# wanaryōshi
## Japanese
### Romanization

wanaryōshi
* Rōmaji transcription of わなりょうし
# kolczatkę
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (normal speech) /kɔlˈt͡ʂat.kɛ/, (careful speech) /kɔlˈt͡ʂat.kɛw̃/
* Rhymes: -atkɛw̃
* Syllabification: kol‧czat‧kę

### Noun

kolczatkę
* accusative singular of kolczatka
# dínígoʼ
## Navajo
### Verb

dínígoʼ
* second-person singular perfective of digeeh
# chʼídadoohmas
## Navajo
### Verb

chʼídadoohmas
* second-person plural future of chʼémáás
# ఆయము
## Telugu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आय (āya) + -ము (-mu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːjamu/

### Noun

ఆయము • (āyamu) ? (plural ఆయములు)
* a vital part of the body
    Synonym: జీవస్థానము (jīvasthānamu)
* receipt, gain, profit
* toll, tax customs, income
    Synonyms: వచ్చుబడి (vaccubaḍi), ఆదాయము (ādāyamu)
* rate, standard, fixed number
    Synonym: సుంకము (suṅkamu)
* yard, enclosure
    Synonym: ఆయకట్టు (āyakaṭṭu)

### References

* "ఆయము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 119
# díir
## Phalura
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit दे॒व॒र (devará), from देवृ (devṛ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daHiwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /díir/

### Noun

díir m (Perso-Arabic spelling دِیر)
* brother-in-law; a woman's husband's brother

#### Alternative forms

* déer (Biori)

### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “díir”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvŕ̥”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 374
# rexing
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

rexing
* present participle and gerund of rex

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

rexing (uncountable)
* A style of backwards figure skating that originated on the West Coast of the U.S. in the mid-20th century.

##### Related terms

* rexer
# crapuloso
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin crāpulōsus, derived from Classical Latin crāpula (“excessive drinking”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kra.puˈlo.zo/
* Rhymes: -ozo
* Hyphenation: cra‧pu‧ló‧so

### Adjective

crapuloso (feminine crapulosa, masculine plural crapulosi, feminine plural crapulose)
* (literary, rare) crapulous (characterized by excessive eating and drinking)

#### Related terms

* crapula
* crapulare

### Further reading

* crapuloso in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kɾa.puˈlo.zu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kɾa.puˈlo.zu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kɾa.puˈlo.zo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɾɐ.puˈlo.zu/
* Hyphenation: cra‧pu‧lo‧so

### Adjective

crapuloso (feminine crapulosa, masculine plural crapulosos, feminine plural crapulosas, metaphonic)
* crapulous, crapulent

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin crapulōsus, crápula +‎ -oso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɾapuˈloso/ [kɾa.puˈlo.so]
* Rhymes: -oso
* Syllabification: cra‧pu‧lo‧so

### Adjective

crapuloso (feminine crapulosa, masculine plural crapulosos, feminine plural crapulosas)
* drunken
* dissolute, dissipated

### Further reading

* “crapuloso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 四配
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sù-phòe / sù-phè
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-phòe
*** Tâi-lô: sù-phuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suophoex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰue²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ pʰue²¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-phè
*** Tâi-lô: sù-phè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suophex
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰe¹¹/

### Adjective

四配
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) matching; compatible; suitable

#### Synonyms

* 匹配 (pǐpèi)
* 四趁 (Hokkien)
* 比配 (bǐpèi)
* 相稱 / 相称 (xiāngchèn)
* 相襯 / 相衬 (xiāngchèn)
* 相配 (xiāngpèi)
* 配合 (pèihe)
# haubicą
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xawˈbi.t͡sɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -it͡sɔw̃
* Syllabification: hau‧bi‧cą

### Noun

haubicą
* instrumental singular of haubica
# balnian
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From balani +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /balˈniʔan/ [bɐlˈn̪iː.ʔɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -iʔan
* Syllabification: bal‧ni‧an

### Noun

balnian (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎ᜔ᜈᜒᜀᜈ᜔) (physics, neologism)
* magnetism (science)
    Synonym: magnetismo

#### Related terms

* balani
* batubalani
* kabalnian

### References

* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL

### Anagrams

* banlian
# ఆర్పు
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːrpu/

### Verb

ఆర్పు • (ārpu)
* (transitive) to extinguish

#### Conjugation

| PAST TENSE | singular | plural |
| 1st person: నేను (nēnu) / మేము (mēmu) | ఆర్పాను ārpānu | ఆర్పాము ārpāmu |
| 2nd person: నీవు (nīvu) / మీరు (mīru) | ఆర్పావు ārpāvu | ఆర్పారు ārpāru |
| 3rd person m: అతను (atanu) / వారు (vāru) | ఆర్పాడు ārpāḍu | ఆర్పారు ārpāru |
| 3rd person f: ఆమె (āme) / వారు (vāru) | ఆర్పింది ārpindi | ఆర్పారు ārpāru |
| 3rd person n: అది (adi) / అవి (avi) | ఆర్పింది ārpindi | ఆర్పారు ārpāru |
# Heideggerianism
## English
### Etymology

From Heideggerian +‎ -ism.

### Noun

Heideggerianism (uncountable)
* Heideggerian philosophy.
# alkantarilya
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* kantarilya

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish alcantarilla, from alcántara +‎ -illa (diminutive suffix), from Arabic القَنْطَرَة (al-qanṭara).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔalkantaˈɾilja/ [ʔɐl.kɐn̪.t̪ɐˈɾil.jɐ]
* Rhymes: -ilja
* Syllabification: al‧kan‧ta‧ril‧ya

### Noun

alkantarilya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)
* culvert
* sewer
    Synonym: embornal

#### Related terms

* Alcantara
* alkantarilyado

### Further reading

* “alkantarilya”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “alkantarilya”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 22
# xop
## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Deverbal from xopar. First attested in the 20th century.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈʃop]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈt͡ʃop]

#### Adjective

xop (feminine xopa, masculine plural xops, feminine plural xopes)
* (colloquial) soaked, soaked to the bones
    Synonyms: amarat, moll, mullat

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French chope. First attested in the 20th century.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈʃɔp]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈt͡ʃop]

#### Noun

xop m (plural xops)
* half-pint beer glass

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish chopo, from Vulgar Latin *plōppus, from Classical Latin pōpulus. First attested in the 14th century.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈʃop]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈt͡ʃop]

#### Noun

xop m (plural xops)
* (regional, especially Valencia) black poplar (Populus nigra)

### Etymology 4

Onomatopoeic.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈt͡ʃɔp]

#### Noun

xop m (plural xops)
* (Valencia) crash, bang (sound)

### Further reading

* “xop”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “xop” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “xop” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# 一多半
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīduōbàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīduōbàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yiduobàn
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$-to$^1$-pan$^4$
*** Yale: yī-dwō-bàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iduobann
*** Palladius: идобань (idobanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pän⁵¹/

### Noun

一多半
* more than half; the greater part
# ensnare
## English
### Alternative forms

* insnare

### Etymology

From en- +‎ snare.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɛnˈsnɛə/, /ɪn-/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ɛnˈsnɛ(ə)ɹ/, /ɪn-/
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: en‧snare

### Verb

ensnare (third-person singular simple present ensnares, present participle ensnaring, simple past and past participle ensnared)
* To entrap; to catch in a snare or trap.
** a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Autumn”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 160, lines 1289–1292:Let theſe / Inſnare the vvretched in the toils of lavv, / Fomenting diſcord, and perplexing right, / An iron race!
** 1887, Æsop, translated by George Fyler Townsend, Three Hundred Æsop's Fables‎:The Geese and the Cranes fed in the same meadow. A birdcatcher came to ensnare them in his nets.
** 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown and 250d-e, Sophist:When we were asked to what one should apply the name “what is not”, we were ensnared in total paradox. Remember?
** 2022 August 24, Peter Bradshaw, “Mr Malcolm’s List review – Regency romcom served with cake-icing of irony”, in The Guardian‎:When he spurns her, Julia is outraged to hear it is because she did not measure up to his secret list of 10 bullet-pointed attributes for an ideal bride. To get her own back, she invites her best friend, penniless clergyman’s daughter Selina Dalton (Freida Pinto), up to town to ensnare Malcolm, by faking the 10 comely attributes from his list.
* To entangle; to enmesh.
** 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎:But electric vehicles and the batteries that made them run became ensnared in corporate scandals, fraud, and monopolistic corruption that shook the confidence of the nation and inspired automotive upstarts.

#### Derived terms

* ensnarement
* ensnarer
* unensnared

#### Related terms

* snare

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* rennase
# labawsugnayan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From labaw- (meta-) +‎ sugnayan, from Cebuano labaw (“beyond”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /labawsuɡˈnajan/ [lɐ.baʊ̯.sʊɡˈn̪aː.jɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -ajan
* Syllabification: la‧baw‧sug‧na‧yan

### Noun

labawsugnayan (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜏ᜔ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜈᜌᜈ᜔)
* (neologism) metaphysics
    Synonyms: metapisika, labawliknayan

### References

* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL
# ordknap
## Danish
### Etymology

By surface analysis, ord +‎ knap.

### Adjective

ordknap (neuter ordknapt, plural and definite singular attributive ordknappe)
* taciturn, concise.

#### Synonyms

* fåmælt
* lakonisk

### References

* “ordknap” in Den Danske Ordbog
# pleuvons
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plø.vɔ̃/

### Verb

pleuvons
* (rare) inflection of pleuvoir:
** first-person plural present indicative
** first-person plural imperative
** 1859, Zacharie Astruc, Le 14 stations du Salon‎, Poulet-Màlassis et de Broise, page 241:Sur les rochers pointus, à mine renfrognée , tombant du ciel comme des flocons de neige, — nous nous reposons : on dirait des rochers en fleur! — nous pleuvons toutes à la fois, battant des ailes, criant, enlacées et gracieuses, pour égayer leur morne solitude.On the jagged rocks, with sullen countenance, falling from the heavens like flakes of snow, we place ourselves: they look like rocks in bloom! - we rain down all at once, beating wings, crying out, entwined & gracious, to enliven their gloomy solitude.
# dóodu
## Phalura
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀤𑀸𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*dādda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dóodo/

### Noun

dóodu m (Perso-Arabic spelling دودوۡ)
* grandfather; father's father
    Coordinate term: déedi
* forefather

#### Alternative forms

* dúudu (Biori)

### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “dóodu”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*dādda”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 359
# Ballota
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Ballota f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Lamiaceae – horehound.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, asterids, euasterids I – clades; Lamiales – order; Lamiaceae – family; Lamioideae – subfamily; Marrubieae – tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Ballota nigra (black horehound) – type species; Ballota grisea, Ballota philistaea, Ballota platyloma – other species

### References

* Ballota on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ballota on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Ballota on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# minguar
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese minguar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin minuāre, from Classical Latin minuere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [miŋˈɣwaɾ]

### Verb

minguar (first-person singular present minguo, first-person singular preterite mingüei, past participle minguado) minguar (first-person singular present minguo, first-person singular preterite minguei, past participle minguado, reintegrationist norm)
* (intransitive) to wane (lunar phase)
* to diminish

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “minguar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “minguar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “minguar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “minguar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “minguar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “minguar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* mingar
* mingoar (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese minguar, from Late Latin minuāre, from Classical Latin minuere. Compare Galician minguar, Spanish menguar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɡwa(ʁ)/ [mĩˈɡwa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɡwa(ʁ)/ [mĩˈɡwa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /mĩˈɡwa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /mĩˈɡwa(ʁ)/ [mĩˈɡwa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɡwa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mĩ.ɡuˈaɾ/, /mĩˈɡwaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mĩ.ɡuˈaɾ/, /mĩˈɡwaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /mĩ.ɡuˈa.ɾi/, /mĩˈɡwa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: min‧guar

### Verb

minguar (first-person singular present (Brazilian Portuguese) mínguo or (European Portuguese) minguo, first-person singular preterite minguei, past participle minguado)
* to wane (lunar phase)
    Antonym: crescer
* to diminish
    Synonym: diminuir

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese. $^3$Superseded.

#### Derived terms

* míngua
* minguante
* quarto minguante
# бормотуха
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bərmɐˈtuxə]

### Noun

бормоту́ха • (bormotúxa) f inan (genitive бормоту́хи, nominative plural бормоту́хи, genitive plural бормоту́х)
* (colloquial) low-quality wine
# serpentyną
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛr.pɛnˈtɘ.nɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɘnɔw̃
* Syllabification: ser‧pen‧ty‧ną

### Noun

serpentyną
* instrumental singular of serpentyna
# aghimuan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From aghimo +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaɡhiˈmuʔan/ [ʔɐɡ.hɪˈmuː.ʔɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -uʔan
* Syllabification: ag‧hi‧mu‧an

### Noun

aghimuan (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜋᜓᜀᜈ᜔) (neologism)
* technology
    Synonyms: teknolohiya, palapamaraanan

### References

* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL
# ఆవ
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːʋa/

### Adjective

ఆవ • (āva)
* of or pertaining to mustard