# 翁

| 翁 | U+7FC1, &#32705; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FC1 |
| ← 翀 [U+7FC0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 翂 → [U+7FC2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

翁 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金戈尸一 (CISM), four-corner 8012$_7$, composition ⿱公羽)

#### Derived characters

* 傟, 嗡, 塕, 𡟸, 𡻐, 慃, 㨣, 滃, 㺋, 𫕎, 暡, 㮬, 𤌏, 䐥, 瞈, 𥕀, 𬓵, 𧛹, 𢐢, 聬, 螉, 𧷜, 𨉳, 𨎃, 鎓(𬭩), 𦒙, 䩺, 𩡓, 𩥛, 䱵(𮬢)
* 𠃽, 勜, 𨜺, 𪴱, 𦫫, 𩔚, 𦒥, 鶲(鹟), 𡩥, 嵡, 蓊, 䈵, 𩄘, 𩮬, 𤹗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 955, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28635
* Dae Jaweon: page 1401, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3343, character 10
* Unihan data for U+7FC1

## Chinese

* 翁

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 慃 | *qroːŋʔ |
| 袞 | *kluːnʔ |
| 蔉 | *kluːnʔ |
| 滾 | *kluːnʔ |
| 忩 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鬆 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ |
| 凇 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 公 | *kloːŋ |
| 蚣 | *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ |
| 翁 | *qloːŋ |
| 螉 | *qloːŋ |
| 蓊 | *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ |
| 嗡 | *qloːŋ |
| 滃 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 暡 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 勜 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 塕 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 瓮 | *qloːŋs |
| 崧 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 菘 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 硹 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 淞 | *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 蜙 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 倯 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 松 | *sɢloŋ |
| 訟 | *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs |
| 頌 | *sɢloŋs, *loŋ |
| 忪 | *kljoŋ |
| 彸 | *kljoŋ |
| 衳 | *kljoŋ |
| 伀 | *kljoŋ |
| 妐 | *kljoŋ |
| 炂 | *kljoŋ |
| 鈆 | *kljoŋ, *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qloːŋ): phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 羽 (“wings”). Originally representing the meaning “feathers”, it was later loaned to mean “old man” and similar senses, by association with the semantic 公.

### Etymology 1

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo ung (“to be old, elderly, aged; to be venerable, antique, ancient; to be of long standing, to be an old inhabitant, to be an old stager (v.; adj.)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Baxter & Sagart (2017) included 翁 (OC *qˤoŋ) "old man" in the same word-family as 公 (OC *C.qˤoŋ) "father, prince" and 妐 (OC *t-qoŋ) "husband's father".

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wēng (weng$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ong$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vûng
    (Hailu, HRS): vung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): veng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): é̤ng / ó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ang$^1$ / orng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ang / ong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ang$^1$ / ong$^1$ / êng$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$on
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wong
*** Wade–Giles: wêng$^1$
*** Yale: wēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueng
*** Palladius: вэн (vɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /wəŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: weng
*** Sinological IPA : /oŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^1$
*** Yale: yūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: vung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /vuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: veng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: é̤ng / ó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œyŋ⁵⁴/, /ɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /aŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: orng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒŋ⁵³³/
* ang1 - vernacular;
* orng1 - literary (incl. surname).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit翁 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɣəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /və̃n³¹/ /kũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vɤŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /oŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /oŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /oŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /oŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /oŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /əŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /və̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /oŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /oŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔoŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /oŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /uʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /an¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋoŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ɔŋ⁵⁵/ /aŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /oŋ³³/ /eŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /oŋ²³/ /aŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'uwng
Rime :
| Character | 翁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏紅切 |
| Baxter | 'uwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /uŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qloːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 翁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁoŋ/ |
| English | old man (Han?) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 翁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4094 |
| Phonetic component | 公 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 翁 |
| Old Chinese | /*qloːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

翁
* elderly man
    From: late 8th, early 9th century,《江雪》("River Snow"), by 柳宗元 (Liu Zongyuan).
    Gūzhōu suōlì wēng, dú diào hán jiāng xuě. [Pinyin]
    In a lonely boat, an old man, wearing a straw-cape and bamboo-hat, fished alone amid the cold river snow.
* (literary, or in compounds) father
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Hànwáng yuē: “Wú yǔ Xiàng Yǔ jù běimiàn shòumìng Huáiwáng, yuē ‘yuē wéi xiōngdì.’ Wú wēng jí ruò wēng, bì yù pēng ér wēng, zé xìng fēn wǒ yī bēi gēng.” [Pinyin]
    The King of Han said: "I and Xiang Yu faced the North, received orders from King Huai, and said: 'We swear a pact of brotherhood'; my father is your father. If you want to boil your father alive, it'll surely be good that you deal out to me a bowl of soup."
    From: 1210, 陸游 (Lu You), 示兒
    Wángshī běi dìng zhōngyuán rì, jiājì wú wàng gào nǎi wēng. [Pinyin]
    On the day the Song army reconquers the Central Plain in the North, do not forget to inform your father when making offerings to your ancestors.
* (literary, or in compounds) father of one's husband or wife
    翁婿 ― wēngxù ― father-in-law and son-in-law
    From: 1877,《浮生六記》 (Six Records of a Floating Life), by 沈復 (Shen Fu).
    Níng shòu zé yú wēng, wù shī huān yú gū yě. [Pinyin]
    I'd rather be chided by father(-in-law), than lose favour with mother(-in-law).
* (Southern Min, Puxian Min) husband
    翁仔某 [Hokkien] ― ang-á-bó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― husband and wife
* (obsolete) the feathers of a bird's neck
    From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
    Wēng: jǐng máo yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname
    翁同龢 ― Wēng Tónghé ― Weng Tonghe (Qing dynasty government official)
    翁清海 ― Wēng Qīnghǎi ― Vincent Ng (Singaporean martial artist and former actor)

##### Synonyms

* (elderly man): (often disrespectful) 老頭／老头 (lǎotóu)
* (father): (formal) 父親／父亲 (fùqīn)
* (husband):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 夫, 夫婿, 郎 †, 良人 †, 相公 † |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 丈夫, 先生, 夫婿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 丈夫, 男人, 爺們, 女婿, 漢子, 爺們兒, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 老公, 先生 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 男人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 丈夫, 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 丈夫, 當家的, 班兒上的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 丈夫, 當家的, 外頭的, 屋外的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 丈夫, 老登, 男人, 掌櫃的, 當家的, 漢子, 老爺們兒, 爺們兒, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 丈夫, 當家的, 掌櫃的, 老頭子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 當家的, 老爺們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 當家的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 女婿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 老公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 老公, 先生 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 丈夫, 先生, 爺們兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 掌櫃的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 丈夫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 漢子, 男人, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 當家的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 外頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 男人, 當家的, 老漢子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 男的, 男人, 女婿 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 漢子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 男人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 男人, 漢子, 外頭兒人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 外頭人, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 漢子, 男人, 男的, 外頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 漢子, 男的, 外頭, 當家的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 男的, 外頭, 女婿 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 漢子, 男人, 男的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 男人, 當家的, 外頭人 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 丈夫, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 男人, 外頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 男人, 漢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 掌櫃的, 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 當家的, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人, 外頭家, 外前人, 外頭人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 男人, 掌櫃的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 男人, 當家的, 掌櫃的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 丈夫, 男人, 老頭兒, 老頭子, 當家的, 外人兒, 男的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 丈夫, 男人, 老漢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 丈夫, 漢子, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 丈夫, 家裡的, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 男人, 男的, 老漢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 丈夫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 男的, 男人, 伙子, 小伙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 男的個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 丈夫, 當家的, 當家人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 男人, 老公, 當家人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男人, 男的, 男將 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 丈夫, 當家人, 領頭人, 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 丈夫, 當家的, 外頭人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 丈夫, 當家的, 先生, 男將 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 男人, 男的, 漢子, 門前人, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 男的, 老公, 門前人, 男人, 男邊的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 當家的, 男的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 漢子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 當家的, 老倌, 老倌兒, 男的, 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 老倌兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 丈夫, 老公, 當家的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Sanjiang (Danzhou) | 老公 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 男人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 丈夫, 當家的, 男的, 男人, 老爹, 老公 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 丈夫, 當家的, 男的, 男人, 老爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 丈夫, 當家的, 男人, 掌櫃的 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 男人, 男將 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 男人, 男哩, 老公 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 丈夫, 先生 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 丈夫, 男人, 老爹們 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 丈夫, 外手的, 男將 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 老公, 男人 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 老公, 先生 non-face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 老公, 先生 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 老公, 男人佬 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老公 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 老公, 老爺 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 老公, 先生 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 老公 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老公, 男客 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老公, 男客 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 男子, 老公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老公 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 老公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 男人 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 老公 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 丈夫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老公, 當家個 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老公 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 老公 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 老公, 丈夫, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 老公, 老猴牯 humorous |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 老公, 頭家, 老猴牯 humorous, 老貨仔 humorous |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 丈夫, 頭家 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老公 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 老公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老公 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 老公, 先生 more formal and polite |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 老公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 老官, 男人 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 丈夫, 老公, 男人 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老公 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 老漢兒, 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 男人 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 當家的, 男人, 丈夫 |
| Jin | Datong | 男人 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 男人, 老漢, 漢子, 漢 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 當家的, 男人, 掌櫃的, 老漢 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 男人, 老漢子, 當家的 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 男人 |
| Jin | Linhe | 男人, 漢子 |
| Jin | Jining | 漢子, 當家的, 男人, 女婿 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 老漢子, 漢子, 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Baotou | 男人, 女婿 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 男人 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 男人 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 丈夫, 當家的 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 當家的, 男人 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 丈夫, 當家的, 老頭子 |
| Jin | Handan | 丈夫, 男人 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 當家哩, 漢了 |
| Jin | Suide | 男人, 當家的 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 老翁 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 老公 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 丈夫, 老公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 先生, 老的, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 老的, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 丈夫儂, 翁, 翁婿, 老的, 老伙仔, 老伙記, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 先生, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家, 翁婿 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 先生, 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家, 翁婿 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 老猴, 丈夫儂, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 翁, 翁婿, 頭家, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 老鏨頭, 老猴, 丈夫儂, 烏魚, 翁, 頭家 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 翁, 頭家, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂, 老的 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 翁, 丈夫儂 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 丈夫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 田夫, 翁, 老公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 老, 翁 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 翁, 老大仔, 老公仔 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 翁 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 翁, 老公 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 老公 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 老公, 翁, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 老公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 老公, 丈夫, 翁 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 老公, 丈夫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 老公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老公 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 男人 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 男人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 男人, 老公, 老頭子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 男人, 男客 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 男人, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 老官, 官人, 男人 |
| Wu | Danyang | 老公 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老公, 男人 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老公, 男人, 老頭, 當家人 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老公, 男子, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老公, 男子 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 男人 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 男人 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 男人, 他㑲爺 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 男人 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 老公 face-to-face, 男人 old-style, non-face-to-face, 老頭子 new-style, non-face-to-face |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 老公 |
| Note | † - used for one's own husband | † - used for one's own husband |

#### Compounds

* 不倒翁 (bùdǎowēng)
* 主人翁 (zhǔrénwēng)
* 主翁
* 乃翁
* 信天翁 (xìntiānwēng)
* 冰翁
* 南極仙翁 / 南极仙翁
* 塞翁失馬 / 塞翁失马 (sàiwēngshīmǎ)
* 大富翁 (Dàfùwēng)
* 太翁
* 富家翁 (fùjiāwēng)
* 富翁 (fùwēng)
* 封翁
* 尊翁 (zūnwēng)
* 撾婦翁 / 挝妇翁
* 放翁
* 東翁 / 东翁
* 樂翁 / 乐翁
* 渤翁
* 漁翁 / 渔翁 (yúwēng)
* 漁翁之利 / 渔翁之利 (yúwēngzhīlì)
* 漁翁得利 / 渔翁得利
* 田舍翁
* 白頭翁 / 白头翁 (báitóuwēng)
* 百萬富翁 / 百万富翁 (bǎiwàn fùwēng)
* 翁主
* 翁仲
* 翁姑 (wēnggū)
* 翁婿 (ang-sài) (Min Nan)
* 翁某 (ang-bó͘) (Min Nan)
* 翁蛤
* 翁長 / 翁长
* 老翁 (lǎowēng)
* 葛仙翁
* 親家翁 / 亲家翁 (qìngjiāwēng)
* 親翁 / 亲翁
* 詩翁 / 诗翁
* 醉翁
* 醉翁之意
* 醉翁亭
* 阿家翁
* 阿翁
* 頭翁 / 头翁
* 麻衣仙翁

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: ông (翁)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^1$
*** Yale: yūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

翁
* (Cantonese) to contract muscles on one's face, usually causing folds to appear
    翁起個鼻／翁起个鼻 [Cantonese] ― jung$^1$ hei$^2$ go$^3$ bei$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to move one's nose upwards

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wěng (weng$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǒng
*** Wade–Giles: wêng$^3$
*** Yale: wěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeng
*** Palladius: вэн (vɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /wəŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

翁
* (obsolete) Used in 翁翁.

### Further reading

* “翁”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 翁 |
| Kyūjitai | 翁󠄂 翁+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 翁󠄄 翁+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* king
* old man
* venerable gentleman

#### Readings

* Go-on: う (u)
* Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)
* Kun: おきな (okina, 翁)、おな (ona, 翁)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 翁
* おう Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 翁 (MC 'uwng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おー [óꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞ː]

#### Affix

翁(おう) • (ō)
* old man

#### Noun

翁(おう) • (ō)
* old man; venerable gentleman

#### Pronoun

翁(おう) • (ō)
* (humble, used by elderly men) I; me

#### Suffix

翁(おう) • (-ō)
* (honorific) venerable; old; father

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 翁
* おきな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Contrasts with 嫗 (omina).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おきな [óꜜkìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) おきな [òkíná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞kʲina̠]

#### Noun

翁(おきな) • (okina)
* old man
** c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
    今(いま)は昔(むかし)、竹(たけ)取(とり)の翁(おきな)といふものありけり。
       Ima wa mukashi, Taketori no Okina to iu mono arikeri.
       Once upon a time, there was a man named Taketori no Okina [the Old Bamboo Man].

##### Derived terms

* 翁草(オキナグサ) (okina-gusa)

### References

* ↑ “翁”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “UVa Library eText Center: Japanese Text Initiative”, in University of Virginia‎, 2001, retrieved 2021-10-04

## Korean
### Hanja

翁 (eum 옹 (ong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

翁: Hán Nôm readings: ông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.