# mieć
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьměti. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /mjɛ(ː)t͡ɕ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /mjɛt͡ɕ/, /mjet͡ɕ/

### Verb

mieć impf
* to have, to be in possession of
* to have, to hold (to contain in one's hands)
* to have (to host someone or be hosted)
* (in collocation with some nouns) to do
* to consider someone as something
* to be supposed to, to have to
* (with the passive participle) to have (e.g. to have something (that is) cooked)
* (reflexive with się) to behave
* (reflexive with się) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)

#### Declension

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Polish: mieć
* Silesian: mieć

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “mieć”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmjɛt͡ɕ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈmjɛt͡ɕ/, /ˈmjet͡ɕ/
* Audio 1; “mieć”:(file)
* Audio 2; “mieć”:(file)
* Audio 3; “mieć się”:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: mieć
* Homophone: miedź

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish mieć.

#### Verb

mieć impf (frequentative miewać)
* (transitive) to have
    Mam kota. ― I have a cat.
    Mam daleko do szkoły. ― It's a long way to school for me. (literally, “I have [it] far to school.”)
* (intransitive) to be some age
    Mam 22 lata. ― I am 22 years old. (literally, “I have 22 years.”)
* (transitive) used as a semantically weak verb with some nouns
* (transitive, colloquial) to have, to have sex with
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:uprawiać seks
* (transitive) to consider someone as something [with za (+ accusative)]
* (with the passive participle) to have (e.g. to have something (that is) cooked)
    Mam cały wieczór zaplanowany. ― I have the whole evening planned.
* (transitive, formal, in the past) creates a future in the past; would, was going to
* (auxiliary, intransitive) expresses obligation; to be supposed to must, to have to, to need to
    Mamy iść na zakupy. ― We're supposed to to go shopping.
* (auxiliary, intransitive) denotes that something might not have happened despite earlier beliefs; to be supposed to must, to have to, to need to
    System informatyczny miał obsługiwać klientów. ― The IT system was supposed to serve customers
* (intransitive) to feel something
* (reflexive with się) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)
    Jak się masz? ― How are you?
* (reflexive with się) to consider oneself
    Masz się za lepszego? ― You think you're better than me?
* (reflexive with się, obsolete) to head somewhere [with ku (+ dative) or w (+ accusative)]
* (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to behave
    Synonym: zachowywać się
    Synonym: działać
* (reflexive with się) to appear, to bode
* (reflexive with się) to be in relation to something [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’]
* (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to address, to turn towards
* (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to function
* (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be had

##### Usage notes

* While the passive participle miany is attested and used in passive constructions, this is generally rare. Impersonal constructions using się are usually preferred for a similar use.

##### Derived terms

* a masz
* mam
* masz
* mienie
* masz babo placek
* mówisz i masz
* nie ma
* nie ma tego złego, co by na dobre nie wyszło
* nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię
* mieć Boga w sercu impf
* mieć coś z życia impf
* mieć na imię impf
* mieć nadzieję impf
* mieć się na baczności impf
* mieć zryty beret impf

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mieć
* second-person singular imperative of mieść

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), mieć is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 341 times in scientific texts, 207 times in news, 393 times in essays, 547 times in fiction, and 1103 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2591 times, making it the 17th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “mieć”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 243

### Further reading

* mieć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mieć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “mieć”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “mieć się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “MIEĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.02.2022
* “MIEĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 January 20
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “mieć”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “mieć”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “Mieć, Imieć, Mać, Miewać, Miewować, Miewywać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 948
* M. Arcta Słownik Staropolski/Mieć on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource $^{pl}$

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish mieć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmjɛt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: mieć

### Verb

mieć impf
* (transitive) to have
* (intransitive) to feel something
* (auxiliary, intransitive) to be supposed to must, to have to, to need to
* (transitive) to consider someone as something [with za (+ accusative)]
* (reflexive with sie) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* miec in dykcjonorz.eu
* mieć in silling.org
* mieć_sie in silling.org
* mieć_za in silling.org