# عنب
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ع ن ب (ʕ n b), from Proto-Semitic *ʿanbab- (“fruit, flower, shoot”), ultimately Proto-Afroasiatic *ʿanbab- (“plant, flower”). Akin to Arabic عُنَّاب (ʕunnāb, “jujube”), Hebrew עֵנָב (ʿēnāḇ, “grape”), Hebrew עֲנָבָה (ʿănāḇā), Aramaic עֲנָבָא (ʿănnāḇā, “stalk of grapes”), עִנְּבָא (ʿinneḇā, “cluster of grapes”), עִנְבְּתָא (ʿinbəṯā, “berry”), Classical Syriac ܥܷܢܒ݂݁ܳܬܐ (ʿinbəṯā, “berry”), Ugaritic 𐎙𐎐𐎁 (ġnb, “grape(s)”), Sabaean 𐩲𐩬𐩨 (ʿnb, “vineyard”), Ge'ez ሕንባብ (ḥənbab), ሕባብ (ḥəbab, “grape; grain”), and thus حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”), and Akkadian 𒄧 (inbum, “fruit”) with its many derivatives.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.nab/
** (Morocco) IPA: /ʕi.nab/, /ʕnab/

### Noun

عِنَب • (ʕinab) m (collective, singulative عِنَبَة f (ʕinaba), plural أَعْنَاب (ʔaʕnāb))
* (collective) grapes

#### Derived terms

* عُنَّاب (ʕunnāb, “jujube”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għeneb
* → Amharic: ዒነብ (ʿinäb)
* → Hausa: inàbī
* → Ottoman Turkish: عنب (ineb)
* → Persian: عنب ('enab)
* → Tigre: ዕነብ (ʿənäb)
* → Urdu: عنب (ineb)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕu.nab/, [ʕʊ.nab]

### Noun

عنب • (ʕunab) m (collective, singulative عُنَبَة f (ʕunaba))
* (uncountable) grapes

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab, “grapes”), from Proto-Semitic *ʿanbab- (“fruit, flower, shoot”).

### Noun

عنب • (ʼineb) (definite accusative عنبی (ʼinebi), plural اعناب (eʼnâb))
* grape, a small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit of the genus Vitis, that grows in bunches on vines
    Synonyms: انكور (engûr), اوزوم (üzüm)

#### Derived terms

* عنب الثعلب (ʼinebüʼs-saʼleb, “common nightshade”)
* عنب الحیه (ʼinebüʼl-hayye, “bittersweet nightshade”)
* عنب الدب (ʼinebüʼd-düb, “bearberry”)
* عنب الذنب (ʼinebüʼl-zeneb, “common nightshade”)
* عنب بنت (ʼineb-i bint, “wine”, literally “daughter of the grape”)
* عنبه (ʼinebe, “grape berry”)
* عنبی (ʼinebî, “grapey”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ineb

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ineb”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2176
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ineb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 521
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عنب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 861
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Uva”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1799
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عنب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3338
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عنب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1324

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔi.ˈnaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪ.nǽb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪ.nǽb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪ.nǽb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔi.nǽb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔe.nǽb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔi.nǽb]

### Noun

عنب • (enab)
* grape
    Synonym: انگور (angur)
** c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 329”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎:مستی به آب یک دو عنب وضع بنده نیست من سالخورده پیر خرابات پرورمmastī ba āb-i yak du inab waz'-i banda nēst man sālxwarda pīr-i xarābāt parwaramBeing drunk from the juice of a grape or two is not my condition; I am a venerable old man who was brought up in the taverns.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عنب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.nib/, [ˈʕɪ.neb]
* IPA: /ʕu.nub/, [ˈʕʊ.nob]
* Audio (Bethlehem):(file)

### Noun

عنب • (ʕineb, ʕunob) m (collective, singulative عنبة f (ʕinbe, ʕunbe))
* (uncountable) grapes
    عنبة / حبة عنب ― ʕinbe / ḥabbet ʕineb ― a grape

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪ.neːb/

### Noun

عِنَب • ('inab) m (Hindi spelling इनब)
* grape (fruit)
    Synonym: انگور (angūr)
* black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)