OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Յուլյա
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Russian Ю́лия (Júlija).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ˈjuljɑ/, [júljɑ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ˈjuljɑ/, [ʏ́ljɑ]
* Hyphenation: Յուլ‧յա

### Proper noun

Յուլյա • (Yulya)
* a female given name, Yulia, from Russian
# به‌آفرید
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* بهافرید (behâfarid)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian *weh-āfrīd.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bih.ʔɑː.fa.ˈɾiːð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [be̞ɦ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [be̞ɦ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɪ.ʔɑː.fä.ɾíːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bi.ʔɔː.fä.ɾíd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [beɦ.ʔɒː.fæ.ɹíːd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [beɦ.ʔɔ.fä.ɾíd̪]

### Proper noun

به‌آفرید • (beh-âfarid)
* a male or female given name, Behafarid or Behaafarid, from Middle Persian
* Behafarid, an 8th-century Zoroastrian who started a religious peasant revolt

#### Derived terms

* به‌آفریدی (beh-âfaridi)
* به‌آفریدیه (beh-âfaridiyye)

#### Related terms

* به (beh)
* آفرید (âfarid)
# شاپور
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* شاهپور (šâhpur)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 (Šāpuhr, Šābūr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃɑː.ˈpuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.pʰúːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.pʰúːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɑː.pʰúːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃɔː.pʰúɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃɒː.pʰúːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃɔ.pʰúɾ]

### Proper noun

شاپور • (šâpur)
* a male given name, Shapur, Shapour, Shapoor, or Shāpūr, from Middle Persian

### See also

* Shapur on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Shapur_(name) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* [Book Pahlavi needed] (pylwc) — Book Pahlavi

### Etymology

From Old Persian *Pariaujah and cognate with Parthian 𐭐𐭓𐭂𐭅𐭆 (Paryōž) and Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⸱𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬵 (pa$^i$ri.aojah), composed of 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (pa$^i$ri, “around”) + 𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬵 (aojah, “strength, power”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pari, from Proto-Indo-European *péri + Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwǰas.
Compare the Old Armenian given name Վարազ-Պերոժ (Varaz-Perož), the place names Պերոժ-Կաւատ (Perož-Kawat), Հրաքոտպերոժ (Hrakʻotperož), Սպանդարանպերոժ (Spandaranperož), Որմզդպերոժ (Ormzdperož), as well as the given name Պելուժավր (Pelužavr), all Iranian borrowings.

### Adjective

𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 • (pērōz)
* victorious

#### Derived terms

* 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭧 (pērōzīh)
** [Book Pahlavi needed] (plcʾm pyrwcyh /⁠frazām-pērōzīh⁠/)
* *pērōzag

### Proper noun

𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 • (Pērōz)
* a male given name, Peroz, Perozes, or Peirozes

#### Descendants

* Persian: پیروز (piruz)
* → Arabic: فَيْرُوز (fayrūz)
* → Byzantine Greek: Περόζης (Perózēs), Περώζης (Perṓzēs), Πειρόζης (Peirózēs)
* → Chinese: 卑路斯 (Pílùsī)
* → Classical Syriac: ܦܝܪܘܙ (Pērōz)
* → Old Armenian: Պերոզ (Peroz), (in wholly borrowed compounds) Պերոզ-Վռամ (Peroz-Vṙam), Պերոզամատ (Perozamat), Պերոզապատ (Perozapat), Պերոզ-Կաւատ (Peroz-Kawat)
* → Old Georgian: პეროზ (ṗeroz)

### References

* ↑ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 160
* ↑ Gignoux, Philippe (1986) Noms propres sassanides en moyen-perse épigraphique [Sasanian proper names in Inscriptional Middle Persian] (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band II, Faszikel 2) (in French), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 147
* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2021) Iranian personal names in Armenian collateral tradition (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band V, Faszikel 3), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, § 616, page 301
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 67–68
* ↑ Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1948) “Պերոզ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 26) (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 262
# Բարսեղ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Բարսեղ (Barseł).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /bɑɾˈseʁ/, [bɑɾséʁ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pɑɾˈseʁ/, [pʰɑɾséʁ]
* Hyphenation: Բար‧սեղ

### Proper noun

Բարսեղ • (Barseġ)
* an Armenian male given name, Barsegh or Parsegh
* A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Βασίλειος (Basíleios), Basil
    Բարսեղ Կեսարացի ― Barseġ Kesaracʻi ― Basil of Caesarea

#### Related terms

* Վասիլ (Vasil), Վասիլի (Vasili)

### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 57

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* Բարսիղ (Barsił)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βασίλειος (Basíleios). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “is the unetymological r the result of a hypercorrection?”)

### Proper noun

Բարսեղ • (Barseł)
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* Armenian: Բարսեղ (Barseġ)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Բարսեղ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# سپنتا
## Persian
### Etymology

From Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 (spəṇta), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen-.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [si.pan.ˈtɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.pʰän̪.t̪ʰɑ́ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.pʰän̪.t̪ʰɑ́ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɪ.pʰän̪.t̪ʰɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [si.pʰän̪.t̪ʰɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [se.pʰæn̪.t̪ʰɒ́ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [si.pʰän̪.t̪ʰɔ́]

### Adjective

سپنتا • (sepantâ)
* holy

### Proper noun

سپنتا • (sepantâ)
* a male given name, Sepanta or Spenta, from Avestan
* a surname, Sepanta
# 𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕
## Parthian
### Etymology

From earlier *Tīrīdātah. Compare Ancient Greek Τιριδάτης (Tiridátēs).

### Proper noun

𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕 • (tyrydt /Tīrīdāt/)
* a male given name, Tiridat

#### Derived terms

* 𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕𐭊 (tyrydtk /⁠Tīrīdātak⁠/)

#### Related terms

* 𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉 (tyry /⁠Tīr⁠/)
* 𐭃𐭕 (dt /⁠dāt⁠/)

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1986) “Some Names from Nisa”, in Peredneaziatskij sbornik. IV. Drevnjaja i srednevekovaja istorija i filologija stran Perednevo i Srednevo Vostoka‎, Moscow: Nauka, page 114
* ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2016) “514. tyrydt /Tīrīdāt/”, in Personennamen in parthischen epigraphischen Quellen [Personal names in Parthian inscriptional sources] (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band II, Faszikel 5) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pages 215-216
# تیرداد
## Persian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Old Persian *Tīrīdātah. Compare Parthian 𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕 (Tīridāt).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tiːɾ.ˈdɑːð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰiːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰiɾ.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiːɹ.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiɾ.d̪ɔ́d̪]

### Proper noun

تیرداد • (tirdâd)
* a male given name, Tirdad, from Old Persian

#### Related terms

* تیر (tir)
* داد (dâd)
# مانی
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏 (mʾny /⁠mānī⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mɑː.ˈniː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɑː.níː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mɑː.níː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.níː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.ní]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mɒː.níː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mɔ.ní]

### Proper noun

مانی • (mâni)
* Mani, the prophet of Manichaeism
* a male given name, Mani

#### Related terms

* مانوی (mânavi)

### Noun

مانی • (mâni)
* (figurative) great painter (one as great as Mani, who illustrated the Arzhang)

### See also

* Mani (prophet) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# پدرام
## Persian
### Etymology 1

An old compound. Akin to Sogdian 𐼾𐽂𐽀𐼰𐼺 (ptrʾm /⁠patrām⁠/, “calm, peace”).
* The first part is from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭭 (pʿn) / PWN (pad, “to, at, in, on”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *per-, *próti, *préti. Compare Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pa$^i$ti), Sanskrit प्रति (prati, “towards, to”).
* The second part is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rem-. Compare Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rama$^i$ti), Sanskrit रमते (ramate).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pað.ˈɾɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰäd̪.ɾɑ́ːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰäd̪.ɾɑ́ːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰäd̪.ɾɑ́ːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰäd̪.ɾɔ́ːm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰed̪.ɹɒ́ːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰäd̪.ɾɔ́m]

#### Adjective

پدرام • (pedrâm)
* joyous
* happy
* nice
* pleasant
** 10th century, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
    چنین داد پاسخ که من ساز جنگ به پیش آورم چون شود کار تنگ نمانم که کیخسرو از بخت خویش بود شاد و پدرام بر تخت خویشčênin dâd pâsux ki man sâz-î jang, ba pêš âvaram čôn šavad kâr tang, namânam ki kayxusrow az baxt-î xweš, bûd šâd u padrâm bar taxt-î xweš(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Synonyms

* خوش (xoš)
* خرم (xorram)
* شاد (šâd)
* نیک (nik)

##### Antonyms

* اندوه (anduh)
* سوگ (sug)
* سهم (sahm)
* افسوس (afsus)
* غم (ğam)

#### Proper noun

پدرام • (pedrâm)
* a male given name, Pedram

### Etymology 2

Alternative form of بدرام (badrâm).

#### Adjective

پدرام • (padrâm)
* wild
* undomesticated

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “پدرام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 366
# 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊
## Parthian
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *(W)ŕ̥šakah, from *(w)ŕ̥šā (“man, hero”) +‎ *-kah (hypocoristic suffix). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎣 (R̥šakaʰ).

### Proper noun

𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 • (ʾršk /Aršak/)
* a male given name, Arshak

### References

* ↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1986) “Some Names from Nisa”, in Peredneaziatskij sbornik. IV. Drevnjaja i srednevekovaja istorija i filologija stran Perednevo i Srednevo Vostoka‎, Moscow: Nauka, page MQ 210
* ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2016) “357. ʾršk /Aršak/”, in Personennamen in parthischen epigraphischen Quellen [Personal names in Parthian inscriptional sources] (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Band II, Faszikel 5) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 44
# Բակո
## Armenian
### Etymology

Short form of Բակուր (Bakur) or Ամբակում (Ambakum).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /bɑˈko/, [bɑkó]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pɑˈɡo/, [pʰɑɡó]
* Hyphenation: Բա‧կո

### Proper noun

Բակո • (Bako)
* a male given name, Bako

#### Declension
### References

* Avetisyan, Tigran (2000) “Բակոյան”, in V. M. Grigoryan, Ṙ. L. Uṙutyan, editors, Hayocʻ azganunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Surnames] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Van Aryan, →ISBN
# بهنام
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bih.ˈnɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [be̞ɦ.nɑ́ːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [be̞ɦ.nɑ́ːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɪ.nɑ́ːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bi.nɔ́ːm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [beɦ.nɒ́ːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [beɦ.nɔ́m]

### Proper noun

بهنام • (behnâm)
* a male given name, Behnam or Bihnam
# یلدا
## Persian
### Etymology

Loanword (with accompanying change of meaning) from Persian Christian technical term for Christmas, in the early church celebrated on the winter solstice, from Syriac Christian technical term for Christmas, Classical Syriac ܝܠܕܐ (yaldā, “birth, nativity”), i.e. of Christ.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [jal.ˈdɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jäl̪.d̪ɑ́ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jäl̪.d̪ɑ́ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [jäl̪.d̪ɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [jäl̪.d̪ɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [jæl̪.d̪ɒ́ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [jäl̪.d̪ɔ́]

### Proper noun

یلدا • (yaldâ)
* Yalda, an Iranian festival celebrated during the longest and darkest night of the year (i.e. winter solstice)
** 1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan, ghazal #112
    نظر به روی تو هر بامداد نوروزیست شب فراق تو هر شب که هست یلداییستnazar ba rōy-i tu har bāmdād Naurōzēst šab-i firāq-i tu har šab ki hast Yaldāēst(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* a female given name, Yalda

#### Derived terms

* شب یلدا (šab-e yaldâ)

#### See also

* شب چله (šab-e čelle)

### References

* ↑ Āryān, Qamar. (1999). "Christianity VI: In Persian Literature." Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 5, f5. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. pp. 539-542.[p. 541] "Persian or persianized forms in the second category [i.e. 'words and phrases that entered Persian ... as a result of contacts with Christian communities in Persia'] are fewer, for example, [...] yaldā (winter solstice, i.e., Christmas)."
* ↑ Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar; et al. (1995). "یلدا". Loghat Nāmeh Dehkhodā: The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Persian Language. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. "[...] Syriac word for Noel [...]"
* 1 2 Krasnowolska, Anna. (2009). "Sada Festival." Encyclopedia Iranica, online edition. New York: iranicaonline.org.[par. 8] "In Islamic Persia, the night of the winter solstice (the last night of autumn) was known under its Syriac name of Šab-e Yaldā (the night of nativity) [...]. Being the longest and the darkest night of the year, additionally connected with Christianity, Šab-e Yaldā usually has negative connotations in Persian poetry ([...])"[par. 7] "Yet, the authors, who reported on the fire festivals [call them X, Y and Z] interchangeably, thus identifying Sada with the Christian holiday of the Christmas which approximately falls on the winter solstice."
* ↑ Krasnowolska, Anna. (1999). "Šab-e Čella." Folia Orientalia 35. pp. 55-74.[p. 56] "in multicultural areas of the Middle East, Christmas (Syr. Yaldā- "Nativity") was celebrated by local Christians. The festival's name (maybe with some elements of its rite) passed to their non-Christian neighbours".[p. 59] "The Syriac term yaldā, adopted in Persian for the longest night of the year, [...]"
# الیکا
## Persian
### Etymology

From Mazanderani الیکا (elikâ), from الی کاک (eli kâk, “wild cherry”).

### Pronunciation

* (Iran) IPA: [ʔeliˈkʰɒ]

### Proper noun

الیکا • (elikâ)
* Elika, village in Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
* a female given name, Elika, from Mazanderani
# ونوشه
## Mazanderani
### Etymology

From Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian wnpšk' (wanafšag).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Noun

ونوشه (vanūše)
* violet (flower)

### Proper noun

ونوشه (Vanūše)
* a female given name, Vanoosheh

## Persian
### Proper noun

ونوشه • (vanuše)
* a female given name, Vanoosheh, from Mazanderani
# intermillennial
## English
### Alternative forms

* inter-millennial

### Etymology

From inter- +‎ millennial.

### Adjective

intermillennial (not comparable)
* Between millennia; occurring over more than one millennium.
# Նշան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From նշան (nšan, “sign”), referring to the sign of a cross.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /nəˈʃɑn/, [nəʃɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /nəˈʃɑn/, [nəʃɑ́n]
* Hyphenation: Նը‧շան

### Proper noun

Նշան • (Nšan)
* a male given name, Nshan

#### Derived terms

* Նշանյան (Nšanyan)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1948) “Նշան”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 26) (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 81
# دانیال
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* دنیل (daniyel)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَانِيَال (dāniyāl), from Biblical Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (Dāniyyêl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dɑː.ni.ˈjɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ni.jɑ́ːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ni.jɑ́ːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɑː.ni.jɑ́ːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ɔː.ni.jɔ́ːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æ.ni.jɒ́ːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɔ.ni.jɔ́l]

### Proper noun

دانیال • (dâniyâl)
* Daniel (the prophet)
* a male given name, Danial, Daniyal, or Danyal

## Ushojo
### Noun

دانیال (dānyāl)
* coriander
# Ավգուստինոս
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑvɡustiˈnos/, [ɑvɡustinós]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑfkusdiˈnos/, [ɑfkʰustinós]
* Hyphenation: Ավ‧գուս‧տի‧նոս

### Proper noun

Ավգուստինոս • (Avgustinos)
* A transliteration of the Latin male given name Augustīnus, Augustine

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 56
# Ապպիանոս
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἀππιανός (Appianós).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑppjɑˈnos/, [ɑpːjɑnós]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑbbjɑˈnos/, [ɑbːjɑnós]
* Hyphenation: Ապ‧պի‧ա‧նոս

### Proper noun

Ապպիանոս • (Appianos)
* A transliteration of the Latin male given name Appiānus, Appian

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 56
# Veniamin
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Вениами́н (Veniamín). Doublet of Benjamin.

### Proper noun

Veniamin
* A transliteration of the Russian male given name Вениами́н (Veniamín).
# Հոնորիոս
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /honoˈɾjos/, [honoɾjós]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /honoˈɾjos/, [honoɾjós]

### Proper noun

Հոնորիոս • (Honorios)
* A transliteration of the Latin male given name Honōrius, Honorius

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 59
# Daniil
## English
### Etymology

From Russian Дании́л (Daniíl).

### Proper noun

Daniil
* A transliteration of the Russian male given name Дании́л (Daniíl).

#### Related terms

* Daniel

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* anilid, dial in, dial-in, inlaid, laniid
# Դիոնիսիոս
## Armenian
### Proper noun

Դիոնիսիոս • (Dionisios)
* A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Διονύσιος (Dionúsios), Dionysius.
    Դիոնիսիոս Թրակացի ― Dionisios Tʻrakacʻi ― Dionysius Thrax

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 59
# Եվսեբիոս
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian Եւսեբիոս (Ewsebios), itself borrowed from the Ancient Greek Εὐσέβιος (Eusébios).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jefseˈbjos/, [jefsebjós]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jefseˈpjos/, [jefsepʰjós]

### Proper noun

Եվսեբիոս • (Evsebios)
* A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Εὐσέβιος (Eusébios), Eusebius

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Avandakan ew patmakan anjnanunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Traditional and Historic Personal Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 59

### Further reading

* Եվսեբիոս Կեսարացի on the Armenian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{hy}$
# Zakhar
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Заха́р (Zaxár). Doublet of Zachary.

### Proper noun

Zakhar (plural Zakhars)
* A male given name from Russian or Ukrainian.

#### Related terms

* Zachary

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Khazar, kharza
# سردار
## Pashto
### Noun

سردار • (sardā́r) m
* leader, head, chief, military commander
* (Historical) Sardar, prince

### References

* Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “سردار”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

## Persian
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from Parthian [Term?]. Doublet of سالار (sâlâr), which is from Middle Persian [script needed] (srdʾl /⁠sālār⁠/), a genuine Persian development.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saɾ.ˈdɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säɾ.d̪ɔ́ɾ]
* Rhymes: -ɑːr

### Noun

سردار • (sardâr) (plural سردارها (sardâr-hâ) or سرداران (sardârân))
* military commander
* Sardar (rank)

#### Derived terms

* سرداری (sardâri)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: սարդար (sardar)
* Azerbaijani: sərdar
* Bengali: সর্দার (śordar)
* English: Sardar
* Georgian: სარდალი (sardali)
* Gulf Arabic: سردال (sirdāl)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सरदार (sardār)
    Urdu: سردار (sardār)
** English: Sardar, sirdar
* Kazakh: сардар (sardar)
* Northern Kurdish: Serdar
* Ottoman Turkish: سردار (serdâr)
** Arabic: سِرْدار (sirdār)
*** English: sirdar
** English: serdar
** Turkish: serdar
* Uzbek: sardor

### Proper noun

سردار • (sardâr)
* a male given name, Sardar

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Serdar

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سردار (sardār).

### Noun

سردار • (sardār) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰਦਾਰ)
* chief, commander, leader

#### Related terms

* سَرْدَاری (sardārī)

### Proper noun

سَرْدَار • (sardār) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰਦਾਰ)
* Sikh (a title)
** 2013, “Sardaar Ji”, Satinder Sartaj (lyrics):اک دن مینوں بندہ ملیا کہندا سردار جی، سنیا اس قوم چہ کافی ہوئے دلدار جیek din maenū̃ bandā miliā kahindā sardār jī, suṇiā es kaum 'ch kāfī hoe dildār jīOne day I met a person who said, "honorable Sikh, they say there are many breve-hearts in this community"
# فریان
## Persian
### Etymology

From Parthian fryʾn (fryān, friyān, “friend, beloved”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (friia, “dear, beloved, affectionate; a friend, a well-wisher”), Sanskrit प्रिय (priya).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fa.ɾi.ˈjɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾi.jɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾi.jɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fä.ɾi.jɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fä.ɾi.jɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæ.ɹi.jɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾi.jɔ́n]

### Proper noun

فریان • (fariyân)
* a male given name, Fariyan or Faryan, from Parthian

### References

* Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “fryʾn”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols
# هلن
## Persian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē).

### Pronunciation

* (Iran) IPA: [heˈlen]

### Proper noun

هلن • (helen)
* a female given name, Helen, from Ancient Greek
# نینا
## Persian
### Proper noun

نینا • (ninâ)
* a female given name, Nina
# روح‌الله
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* روح الله (ruhollâh) — with space instead of a ZWNJ.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾuːh.ʔul.ˈlɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [roːɦ.ʔʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [roːɦ.ʔʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ruː.ʔʊl.lɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ru.ʔul.lɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹuːɦ.ʔol.lɒ́ːʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾɵh.ʔul.lɔ́ʱ], [ɾu.ɦul.lɔ́ʱ]

### Proper noun

روح‌الله • (ruhollâh)
* a male given name, Ruhollah, Rouhollah, Roohollah, Ruhullah, Roohullah, Rouhullah, or Rohullah, from Arabic