# ost
## English
### Noun

ost (plural osts)
* Obsolete form of oast.

### References

* “ost”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* sto, OTs, ToS, TOs, Tso, OTS, sot, SOT, ots, TOS, TSO

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Danish oost, Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *jūstaz, *justaz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈost/, [ˈɔ̝sd̥], [ˈɔ̽st]

#### Noun

ost c (singular definite osten, plural indefinite oste)
* cheese

##### Derived terms

* ostehaps
* ostekniv

### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German ōst (“east”), from Proto-Germanic *austrą. Cognate of Danish øster, Danish øst.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoˀsd̥]

#### Adverb

ost
* (obsolete) east

#### Noun

ost
* (obsolete) east

##### Synonyms

* øst

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoˀsd̥]

#### Verb

ost
* past participle of ose

## Estonian
### Noun

ost (genitive ostu, partitive ostu)
* purchase

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ost”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “ost”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* ost in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔst/
* Rhymes: -ɔst
* Homophone: ást

### Noun

ost
* accusative singular of ostur

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French ost, from Old French ost, host, from Latin hostis. An archaic or literary term referring to an army from the Middle Ages, taken from Middle French (i.e. no longer reflecting a popularly inherited form). The modern pronunciation is based on the spelling, differing from the original one, which was /o/. Has survived as an inherited form in the dialects of the Picardy and Maine regions as o (“herd”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔst/
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

ost m (plural osts)
* (archaic, literary) host, army

#### Related terms

* hostile

### Further reading

* “ost”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Icelandic
### Noun

ost
* indefinite accusative singular of ostur

## Latvian
### Etymology

From *uosti, from Proto-Baltic *uod-ti, from *ōd-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to smell”). Cognates include Lithuanian úosti, Old Czech jadati (“to explore, to investigate”), Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Latin odōr (“smell”), Albanian amë (“unpleasant smell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [uôst]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

ost (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present ožu, od, ož, past odu)
* to smell (to perceive an odor)
    ost cepeti ― to smell roast(ed meat)
    ost vīnu ― to smell the wine
    ost spirta smaku ― to smell the odor of alcohol
    strādājot virtuvē, visu laiku redzot, ožot ēdienu, it kā ēstgribas vairs nav ― working in a kitchen, seeing and smelling food all the time, it is as if one no longer had (= could feel) the desire to eat
* to smell, to sniff (to inhale air through the nose, usually several times, in order to try to perceive a smell)
    ost ēteri ― to smell ether
    ožamais spirts ― smelling salts, hartshorn (lit. smellable alcohol)
    divi cilvēki, piebāzuši pirkstu galus pie deguna, steidzīgi oda kaut ko baltu kā lauku vecenes šņaucamo tabaku ― two people, bringing the tips of their fingers to their noses, quickly smelled something white, like old women snuffing tobacco in the countryside
* (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to sense, to find out)
    saimnieks jau dabūjis ost, ka tu citu vietu meklējoties ― the landowner has already managed to smell that you are looking for another place
* to smell, to stink (to have, to spread a bad, unpleasant smell)
    te ož pēc benzīna ― it smells like gasoline here
    ost pēc ķiplokiem, siļķēm, alus ― to smell like garlic, herring, beer
* to smell (to have, to spread a pleasant odor)
    ost pēc odekolona ― to smell like eau-de-cologne
    puķe jauki ož ― the flower smells nice
    nokāpj gravā; ož pēc valgmes un pērnajām lapām ― he goes down the ravine; (there) it smells like dampness and last year's leaves
* (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to suggest, make think of something, usually unpleasant)
    tas jau oda pēc fašisma ― that smelled like fascism

#### Synonyms

* (of "to sniff"): ostīt
* (of "to sense"): jaust
* (of "to stink"): smirdēt, smakot
* (of "to spread pleasant odor"): smaržot

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* apost
* ieost
* izost
* paost
* saost
* uzost
    other derived terms:
* osties

#### Related terms

* ostīt
* oža

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French ost, from Latin hostis.

### Noun

ost m or f (plural osts)
* army

#### Descendants

* French: ost

### References

* ost on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish ost, from Old Norse ostr.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ust/

### Noun

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural oster, definite plural ostene)
* cheese

#### Derived terms

* ostekake
* ostesaus
* parmesanost
* sveitserost

### References

* “ost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* ost’e, øst (öst), ust (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ost/, /ust/
* Hyphenation: òst

### Noun

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural ostar, definite plural ostane)
* cheese

#### Derived terms

* kukost
* ostekake
* ostesaus
* parmesanost
* sveitserost
* tregost

### References

* “ost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ōst.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oːst/

### Noun

ōst m
* knot in a tree

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* host

### Etymology

From Latin hostis, hostem.

### Noun

ost m or f
* army (armed military force)

#### Usage notes

* Has a regular declension as both a masculine and a feminine noun
    nominative singular oz, oblique plural oz, nominative plural ost when masculine
    nominative singular ost, oblique plural oz, nominative plural oz when feminine
* see Appendix:Old French nouns

#### Descendants

* Middle French: ost
** French: ost (archaic)

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Dutch oost.

### Adjective

ost
* east

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Osten.

### Noun

ost n (plural osturi)
* (dated) east

#### Declension
## Romansch
### Etymology

From a Germanic language.

### Noun

ost m (plural osts)
* east

#### Synonyms

* (Sutsilvan) oriaint

#### Antonyms

* vest

#### Derived terms

* nordost
* sidost

#### Related terms

* nord
* sid
* nordvest
* sidvest

## Slovene
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /óːst/

### Noun

ọ̑st f
* sharp tip

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊst]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish oster, from Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

#### Noun

ost c
* (countable, uncountable) cheese
    en ostmacka med skivad gurkaa cheese sandwich with sliced cucumber
    en ostskiva / en skiva osta slice of cheese

##### Derived terms

* blåmögelost
* flensost
* få betalt för gammal ost
* fårost
* färskost
* ge igen för gammal ost
* getost
* grönmögelost
* herrgårdsost
* hushållsost
* hårdost
* kryddost
* lyckans ost
* lyckost
* mjukost
* mögelost
* osta
* ostaffär
* ostberedning
* ostbit
* ostborr
* ostbricka
* ostburgare
* ostbåge
* ostdisk
* ostfluga
* ostform
* ostfralla
* osthyvel
* ostig
* ostkaka
* ostkant
* ostkniv
* ostkräm
* ostkupa
* ostmacka
* ostmask
* ostmassa
* ostskalk
* ostskiva
* ostsmörgås
* oststång
* ostsås
* ostvassla
* ostämne
* prästost
* rivost
* smältost
* vitmögelost
* ädelost

#### See also

* mola

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* öster
* öst

#### Adverb

ost (not comparable)
* east
    Kotka ligger ost om Helsingfors.Kotka lies east of Helsinki.

#### Noun

ost c (uncountable)
* east

##### Related terms

* nordost
* nordväst
* norr
* öst
* öster
* ostlig
* söder
* syd
* sydost
* sydväst
* väst
* väster

#### See also

* (compass points) vädersträck;
| nordväst | norr nord | nordost nordöst |
| väster väst | | öster öst ost |
| sydväst | söder syd | sydost sydöst |

### References

* ost in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ost in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ost in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* ots, sot, sto

## Tocharian B
### Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *wɔstä, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂s-tu-; compare Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu, “town”) and Sanskrit वास्तु (vāstu). Compare Tocharian A waṣt.

### Noun

ost m (genitive singular ostantse, oblique singular ost, nominative plural ostwa)
* house

#### Usage notes

Often found in the phrases ostmeṃ lät- (lit. “leave home”), meaning “to become a (Buddhist) monk”, and ostmeṃ ltu, “Buddhist monk”. This term reflects the Sanskrit equivalent प्रव्रज्य (pravrajya​, “go forth”). Note that a similar expression, probably a calque, is also found in Chinese 出家 (chūjiā, “renounce the family to become a Buddhist monk or nun”).

## Vilamovian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ost m
* bough, branch