# tabaka
## Latvian
### Etymology

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish tabaco, itself borrowed from a Taíno (Arawakan) word meaning either “roll of tobacco leaves” or “pipe for smoking tobacco,” but apparently also merged with a pre-existing borrowing from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), found in the early 15th century as the name of various herbs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tabaka]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

tabaka f (4th declension)
* tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)
    tabakas audzēšana ― tobacco cultivation
    tabakas šķirne ― tobacco variety
    tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde un pamazām atstāj graujošu ietekmi uz cilvēka asinsvadu sistēmu un nerviem ― tobacco leaves contain nicotine, which is a strong heart poison and has gradual destructive influence on a person's circulatory and nervous systems
* tobacco (the leaves of such a plant, especially when dried and/or pulverized for smoking or chewing)
    tabakas fabrika ― tobacco factory
    tabakas izstrādājumi ― tobacco products
    smēķēt tabaku ― to smoke tobacco
    tabakas maks, tabakmaks ― tobacco pouch
    košļāt, zelēt tabaku ― to chew tobacco
    bāzt tabaku pīpē ― to stick tobacco into a pipe
    piebāzt pīpi ar tabaku ― to stuff a pipe with tobacco
    šņaucamā tabaka ― snuff (lit. sniffable tobacco)
    istaba tabakas dūmu tik pilna, ka mušas meklēja glābiņu pie sijām ― the room was so full of tobacco smoke that the flies looked for shelter at the beams

#### Derived terms

* tabakmaks, tabakas maks

#### See also

* cigārs, cigarete
* pīpe
* smēķēt
* šķiltavas

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* tobaka (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tabaco.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈba.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ta‧ba‧ka

### Noun

tabaka f (diminutive tabaczka)
* snuff (a form of tobacco for sniffing)

#### Derived terms

* tabaczny
* tabakowy
* tabaczarz
* tabacznik

#### Related terms

* tabaczkowy
* tabakiera
* tabakiereczka
* tabakierka

### Further reading

* tabaka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tabaka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English tobacco and/or Dutch tabak, both from Spanish tabaco.

### Noun

tabaka
* tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum
** 1783, C. L. Schumann, Neger-Englisches Worterbuch [Negro English Dictionary]‎, archived from the original on 8 February 2023:tabakka hati nussuTobacco hurts the nose.
** 1936, Melville J. Herskovits, Frances S. Herskovits, Suriname folk-lore‎, New York: Columbia University Press, page 240:Kaptein sidǫ' tiri, dɛn a nyąm ala na nyąm baka. Na baka dɑti, a puri bɩgi pipa nąŋga Amer'ką tabaka, ɛn a bɩgɩn smoko te a i drųŋgu.The captain sat down quietly, and again ate all the food. After that, he powdered a large pipe with American tobacco, and he began to smoke until he was drunk.
** 1975, Edgar Cairo, “Wan pisi fu libi”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 254:Wan takru sortu kosokoso di no abi kaba a ben gwenti e kisi. Ala yuru wan pikin pisi tabaka ben e anga na en mofobuba. Mi ben e kari dati en ‘tabakaworon.’ Te a ben tan, dan a ben ari wan dampu fu na ‘lespeki tabaka.’ Nanga kosokoso a smoko e ari en srefi komopo na ini en gorogoro.He used to get a nasty cough that had no end. There was always a piece of tobacco dangling from his lips. I used to call it his ‘tobacco worm.’ He was always puffing at his very strong tobacco. Coughingly, the smoke belched from his throat.
** 1994, Albert Helman, Adyosi / Afscheid‎, Nijmegen: Stichting Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, page 64:Blakaman e smoko blakatitei / bika na a moro bunkopu tabakaBlack men smoke black shag / because it is the cheapest tobacco

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَبَقَة (ṭabaqa).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

tabaka class V or IX (plural matabaka class VI or tabaka class X)
* layer, stratum
* class, social class

#### Derived terms

* tabaka tawala (“ruling class”)

### References

* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189 Nr. 1683

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish تبقه (tabaka, “layer; sheet of paper”), from Arabic طَبَقَة (ṭabaqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.baˈka/
* Hyphenation: ta‧ba‧ka

#### Noun

tabaka (definite accusative tabakayı, plural tabakalar)
* layer

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Italian tabacco.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈba.ka/
* Hyphenation: ta‧ba‧ka

#### Noun

tabaka (definite accusative tabakayı, plural tabakalar)
* cigarette case

##### Derived terms

* sigara tabakası

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tabaka”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* “tabaka”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu