# 動作
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòngzuò
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^6$ zok$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thung-chok
* Eastern Min (BUC): dông-cáuk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tōng-chok / tǒng-chok
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$don-tsoq$_7$ / $^4$don-tsoq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòngzuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòngzuò
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$-tso$^4$
*** Yale: dùng-dzwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donqtzuoh
*** Palladius: дунцзо (dunczo)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^6$ zok$^3$
*** Yale: duhng jok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^6$ dzok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^6$ zog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²² t͡sɔːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung-chok
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung zog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^4$ zog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sok̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dông-cáuk
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɑuʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng-chok
*** Tâi-lô: tōng-tsok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doxngzog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒng-chok
*** Tâi-lô: tǒng-tsok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²² t͡sɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Philippines): /tɔŋ³³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$don-tsoq$_7$
*** MiniDict: don$^去$ tsoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$don-tsoq$_4$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²² t͡soʔ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^4$don-tsoq$_7$
*** MiniDict: don$^上$ tsoh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /doŋ²² t͡soʔ⁵⁵/

### Noun

動作
* (of part of one's body) movement; action; motion; move
       Gǎnkuài tíngzhǐ nǐ de dòngzuò, fǒuzé wǒmen yào kāiqiāng le! [Pinyin]
       Stop what you are doing or we'll open fire!

#### Synonyms

* 舉措／举措 (jǔcuò)
* 舉動／举动 (jǔdòng)

#### Derived terms

* 動作感應器 / 动作感应器 (dòngzuò gǎnyìngqì)

### Verb

動作
* (of part of one's body) to move

### Adjective

動作
* (film genre) action

#### Derived terms

* 動作片 / 动作片

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 動(どう)作(さ) (dōsa)
* → Korean: 동작(動作) (dongjak)
* → Vietnamese: động tác (動作)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 動 | 作 |
| どう Grade: 3 | さ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) どーさ [dóꜜòsà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [do̞ːsa̠]

### Noun

動(どう)作(さ) • (dōsa)
* movement of the body
* gesture
* operation of machinery

### Verb

動(どう)作(さ)する • (dōsa suru) intransitive suru (stem 動(どう)作(さ)し (dōsa shi), past 動(どう)作(さ)した (dōsa shita))
* move
* make a gesture
* run, operate, be functional

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 動作し | どうさし | dōsa shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 動作し | どうさし | dōsa shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 動作する | どうさする | dōsa suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 動作する | どうさする | dōsa suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 動作すれ | どうさすれ | dōsa sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 動作せよ¹ 動作しろ² | どうさせよ¹ どうさしろ² | dōsa seyo¹ dōsa shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 動作される | どうさされる | dōsa sareru |
| Causative | 動作させる 動作さす | どうささせる どうささす | dōsa saseru dōsa sasu |
| Potential | 動作できる | どうさできる | dōsa dekiru |
| Volitional | 動作しよう | どうさしよう | dōsa shiyō |
| Negative | 動作しない | どうさしない | dōsa shinai |
| Negative continuative | 動作せず | どうさせず | dōsa sezu |
| Formal | 動作します | どうさします | dōsa shimasu |
| Perfective | 動作した | どうさした | dōsa shita |
| Conjunctive | 動作して | どうさして | dōsa shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 動作すれば | どうさすれば | dōsa sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 動 | 作 |

### Noun

動作 • (dongjak) (hangeul 동작)
* hanja form of 동작 (“movement”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 動 | 作 |

### Noun

動作
* chữ Hán form of động tác (“movement; gesture; action”).