# luft
## English
### Etymology

From German Luft (“air”). Doublet of lift and loft.

### Noun

luft (plural lufts)
* (chess) A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Luft.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈluft]

### Noun

luft m inan
* (informal) air
    Synonym: vzduch

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “luft”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “luft”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Danish
### Etymology

From Middle Low German luft, lucht (“air, smell”), from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu. Probably influenced by German Luft (“air”). It is a cognate of Danish loft (“attic”) and Danish lugt (“smell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɔfd]

### Noun

luft c (definite singular luften) (uncountable)
* air

#### Derived terms

* luftmodstand
* luftskib

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Middle Low German lucht, from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʊft]

### Noun

luft f (genitive singular luftar, uncountable)
* air
* atmosphere, sky

#### Related terms

* skýggj
* tora
* snarljós

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* lift(e), left(e), lüfte

### Etymology

From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte.

### Noun

lüft
* air
* atmosphere
* heavens, sky, firmament

#### Descendants

* English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)
* Scots: lift, luft

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

luft f or m (definite singular lufta or luften, uncountable)
* air

#### Derived terms

* fjelluft, fjell-luft
* friluft
* luftangrep
* luftboble
* luftbåren
* luftdyktig
* luftfart
* luftfartøy
* luftfilter
* luftforurensning
* luftfoto
* luftfuktighet
* luftfylt
* lufthavn
* luftig
* luftinntak
* luftkondisjonering
* luftmasse
* luftmotstand
* luftrenser
* luftrom
* luftrør
* luftsirkulasjon
* luftskip
* luftslange
* luftstrøm
* luftstøtte
* lufttemperatur
* lufttett
* lufttrykk
* luftvei
* varmluft

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German lucht.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lʉft/

### Noun

luft f (definite singular lufta, uncountable)
* air

#### Derived terms

* fjelluft, fjell-luft
* friluft
* luftangrep
* luftboble
* luftdyktig
* luftfart
* luftfartøy
* luftfilter
* luftfylt
* lufthamn
* luftig
* luftinntak
* luftkondisjonering
* luftmasse
* luftmotstand
* luftrom
* luftsirkulasjon
* luftskip
* luftslange
* luftstøtte
* lufttemperatur
* lufttett
* lufttrykk
* varmluft

### References

* “luft” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Frisian
### Alternative forms

* lufte

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”).

### Noun

luft
* air
* the sky

#### Descendants

* North Frisian: loft (“the sky”)

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Luft. Doublet of lift and loft.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluft/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uft
* Syllabification: luft

### Noun

luft m inan (diminutive lufcik)
* (archaic, architecture) pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke
* (colloquial, Poznań) air
    Synonym: powietrze

#### Derived terms

* do luftu
* luftować impf

### Further reading

* luft in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* luft in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English luft, lufte, from Old English lyft (“the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz.

### Noun

luft (uncountable)
* Alternative form of lift
** 1898, David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (in English), page 437:Bothwell told Sir James Melville that he saw the strangest accident that ever chancit, to wit the powder cam out of the luft [i.e. the sky], and had brunt the Kingis house, and himself found lying dead a litle distance from the house under a tre;
** 1977, Douglas Young, Clara Young, David D. Murison, A Clear Voice: Douglas Young, Poet and Polymath (in English), page 39:Gesserant sails on a skinklan frith, gowd-yalla luft and blue o the sea
** 1996, Review of Scottish Culture - Issues 10-12 (in English), page 101:[…] kind of phonetic spelling which resembles Elphinston's recommendations for an orthographic reform as issued in the eighteenth century, so his proverbs and sayings have to be practically translated: Gin dhe luft wuz tay faw, dhe laivruks wud bee smuird – if the sky were to fall, the larks would be smothered.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From German Luft.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lûft/

### Noun

lȕft m (Cyrillic spelling лу̏фт)
* (colloquial) air
    Synonyms: vàzdūh, zrȃk

### References

* “luft”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Luft.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluft/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uft
* Syllabification: luft

### Noun

luft m inan
* air
    Synonym: powietrze

### Further reading

* luft in dykcjonorz.eu
* luft in silling.org

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowing from German Luft.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

luft c
* air
    att andas luftto breathe air
    uppe i luftenup in the air

#### Derived terms

* flyga i luften (“to explode, to blow up”)
* bygga luftslott (“to build castles in the air”)
* frilufts-
* luftherravälde
* lufthunger
* luftmotstånd
* luftskepp
* luftslott
* luftvärn
* luftöverlägsenhet
* tagen ur luften (“made up”, literally “taken out of the air”)

#### Related terms

* lufta

### References

* luft in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* luft in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* luft in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* fult