# herra
## Basque
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

herra
* hatred

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish herre, Norwegian herre, Swedish herre, Icelandic herra, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rːɑ̝]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -erːɑ
* Hyphenation: her‧ra

### Noun

herra
* Mister (polite title for an adult man)
    Herra Virtanen, voinko puhua kanssanne?Mister Virtanen, may I speak with you?
* sir (polite form of address to a man, often preceded by hyvä)
    Anteeksi, herra... ― Excuse me, Sir...
    Hyvät herrat! ― Gentlemen!
* gentleman (honourable or sophisticated man)
    Ovesta astui sisään kolme hienoa herraa.Three smart gentlemen stepped in the door.
* lord, master (person having authority over someone or something)
    kartanon herra ― lord of the manor
    Sormusten herra ― Lord of the Rings
    oman itsensä herra ― master of oneself
    Kärpästen herra ― Lord of the flies
* (informal) a member of the ruling or upper class, a person of authority; (in the plural) the ruling or upper class, the mighty, people in authority (no exact English translation, definitely not any with the same nuance)
    herrojen herkku ― delicacy (only) for the rich (because only they can afford it)
    herrojen metkuja ― antics of the ruling class
    elää herroiksi ― to live like a lord / to live like a king
* (religion) Alternative letter-case form of Herra (“Lord”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of herra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
herrani
herrani
accusative
nom.
herrani
herrani
gen.
herrani
genitive
herrani
herrojeni herraini $^{rare}$
partitive
herraani
herrojani
inessive
herrassani
herroissani
elative
herrastani
herroistani
illative
herraani
herroihini
adessive
herrallani
herroillani
ablative
herraltani
herroiltani
allative
herralleni
herroilleni
essive
herranani
herroinani
translative
herrakseni
herroikseni
abessive
herrattani
herroittani
instructive
comitative
—herroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
herrasi
herrasi
accusative
nom.
herrasi
herrasi
gen.
herrasi
genitive
herrasi
herrojesi herraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
herraasi
herrojasi
inessive
herrassasi
herroissasi
elative
herrastasi
herroistasi
illative
herraasi
herroihisi
adessive
herrallasi
herroillasi
ablative
herraltasi
herroiltasi
allative
herrallesi
herroillesi
essive
herranasi
herroinasi
translative
herraksesi
herroiksesi
abessive
herrattasi
herroittasi
instructive
comitative
—herroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
herramme
herramme
accusative
nom.
herramme
herramme
gen.
herramme
genitive
herramme
herrojemme herraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
herraamme
herrojamme
inessive
herrassamme
herroissamme
elative
herrastamme
herroistamme
illative
herraamme
herroihimme
adessive
herrallamme
herroillamme
ablative
herraltamme
herroiltamme
allative
herrallemme
herroillemme
essive
herranamme
herroinamme
translative
herraksemme
herroiksemme
abessive
herrattamme
herroittamme
instructive
comitative
—herroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
herranne
herranne
accusative
nom.
herranne
herranne
gen.
herranne
genitive
herranne
herrojenne herrainne $^{rare}$
partitive
herraanne
herrojanne
inessive
herrassanne
herroissanne
elative
herrastanne
herroistanne
illative
herraanne
herroihinne
adessive
herrallanne
herroillanne
ablative
herraltanne
herroiltanne
allative
herrallenne
herroillenne
essive
herrananne
herroinanne
translative
herraksenne
herroiksenne
abessive
herrattanne
herroittanne
instructive
comitative
—herroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
herransa
herransa
accusative
nom.
herransa
herransa
gen.
herransa
genitive
herransa
herrojensa herrainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
herraansa
herrojaan herrojansa
inessive
herrassaan herrassansa
herroissaan herroissansa
elative
herrastaan herrastansa
herroistaan herroistansa
illative
herraansa
herroihinsa
adessive
herrallaan herrallansa
herroillaan herroillansa
ablative
herraltaan herraltansa
herroiltaan herroiltansa
allative
herralleen herrallensa
herroilleen herroillensa
essive
herranaan herranansa
herroinaan herroinansa
translative
herrakseen herraksensa
herroikseen herroiksensa
abessive
herrattaan herrattansa
herroittaan herroittansa
instructive
comitative
—herroineen herroinensa :

#### Derived terms

* ei pidä mennä herrojen kanssa marjaan
* herra se on herrallakin
* herrajesta
* herrajestas
* herranen
* herranjesta
* herranjestas
* herraskainen
* herrastella
* herraus
* herroitella
* herruus
* aatelisherra
* feodaaliherra
* hallitusherra
* herrahissi
* herrainhuone
* herrainkaulus
* herrainkerho
* herrainvaate
* herrainvaatehtimo
* herrakansa
* herrakutsut
* herranjumala
* herranterttu
* herraonni
* herrarotu
* herraseura
* herraskartano
* herrasmies
* herrasnainen
* herraspoika
* herrasväki
* herraviha
* hoviherra
* kamariherra
* kartanonherra
* kirkkoherra
* leskiherra
* linnanherra
* lääninherra
* maaherra
* nuoriherra
* pakkasherra
* rötösherra
* sotaherra
* temppeliherra
* tilanherra
* vapaaherra

### Further reading

* “herra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɛrːa/
    Rhymes: -ɛrːa

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse herra, from Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). Cognates include Danish, Norwegian and Swedish herre, Dutch heer, German Herr. The Old High German word originally meant “grey, grey-haired”, and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

#### Noun

herra m (genitive singular herra, nominative plural herrar)
* lord, master
* the Lord (God)
* an honorific title for a bishop; Lord
* an honorific title for a noble; Lord
* an honorific title for the highest state officials, now especially the president, but also a sýslumaður (the local official of the state in each sýsla), ambassador, etc.; Excellency
* mister (general honorific for a man, especially in writing; usually abbreviated: hr.)
* a general deferential form of address to a male; sir
* gentleman (general polite term for a male)
    dömur mínar og herrar
       Ladies and gentlemen.

##### Usage notes

Used as an honorific title (prenominally or on its own) for bishops and for the president of Iceland (also, especially historically, for some other dignitaries). Also used as a general courtesy title for men, equivalent to English mister, but then primarily in formal written correspondence and abbreviated hr. However, when it is used as an honorific title for bishops, presidents, etc., it should never be abbreviated. The equivalent female title is frú (in both contexts).

##### Derived terms

* andlangs herra
* dömur mínar og herrar
* herramaður

##### See also

* (archaic) herri

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

herra (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative herraði, supine herrað)
* (transitive) to knight or bestow nobility on
* (transitive) to confer on someone the dignity of herra, allow someone to be called herra
* (transitive) to address or refer to as herra (as should be done to bishops, etc.)

##### Conjugation
## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Old Norse herra. Related to Finnish herra and Estonian härra.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rːɑ]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈherːɑ/, [ˈhe̞rːɑ]
* Rhymes: -erː, -erːɑ
* Hyphenation: her‧ra

### Noun

herra
* mister
* lord, master
** 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vögla, “1946. Soikkola, Suija. V I 1903”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎, volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:Herra viekas venäläin // Hypitti heposiiaa.The cunning Russian lord // Let his horses jump.

#### Coordinate terms

* frovva (“lady, mistress”)

#### Derived terms

* Herra
* maaherra
* metsäherra
* vallanherra

### References

* Fedor Tumansky (1790) “герра”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689
* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 58
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 35

## Maltese

* Root
* h-r-j
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

From Arabic هَرَّأَ (harraʔa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛːr.ra/

#### Verb

herra (imperfect jherri, past participle mherri, verbal noun therrija)
* (transitive) to wear out; to cause to deteriorate gradually
* (transitive) to tire; to exhaust (a person)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

herra f
* rudeness, roughness

##### Usage notes

Adjectival form is constructed with bil, i.e. bil-herra.
    Keċċini barra bil-herra. ― He kicked me out rudely.

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* herri, harri

### Etymology

From Old Saxon hērro, from Old Dutch hēriro, Old High German hērro, the comparative form of hēr (“noble, venerable”) (German hehr), by analogy with Latin senior (“elder”). The Old High German word originally meant "grey, grey-haired", and descends from Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), making it cognate with Old English hār (English hoar), Old Norse hárr.

### Noun

herra m
* mister, gentleman
* lord, master
* sir

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: herra, herri
* Faroese: harra, harri
* Norwegian Bokmål: herre
* Norwegian Nynorsk: herre
* Old Swedish: härra
** Swedish: herre
* Danish: herre
* Gutnish: herre
* → Finnish: herra
* → Ingrian: herra
* → Ukrainian: гарний (harnyj)

### Verb

herra
* (transitive) to confer with the title of "herra" upon a person

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Falk, Hjalmar, Torp, Alf (1903–06) Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog [Etymological Dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish Languages], page 286

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “herra”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive