# 質

| 質 | U+8CEA, &#36074; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA |
| ← 賩 [U+8CE9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 賫 → [U+8CEB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 7280$_6$, composition ⿱斦貝)

#### Derived characters

* 儨, 𠘖, 𡂒(𫪪), 𡒻, 㜱, 𡦫, 懫, 㩫, 𤁩, 䑇, 櫍(𬃊), 𤢽, 瓆, 𪮽, 礩, 𬘋, 𧓳, 𬽟, 䜠, 𧸲, 躓(踬), 𨏑, 𨐿, 鑕(锧), 𩍵, 𩧄, 𩽄, 劕, 𨟊(𫟬)

#### Related characters

* 质 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
* Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8CEA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 質
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 質 | *tids, *tjid |
| 躓 | *tids |
| 懫 | *tids, *tjid |
| 礩 | *tjids, *tjid |
| 櫍 | *tjid |
| 劕 | *tjid |
| 鑕 | *tjid |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声), where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhì, zhí
       (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ, ㄓˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳt
    (Hailu, HRS): zhid
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): cék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chit / chet
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziêh$^4$ / zioh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^1$
*** Yale: jāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhid
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cid
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /t͡sit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chet
*** Tâi-lô: tset
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zed
*** IPA (Hui'an): /t͡set̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziêh$^4$ / zioh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh / tsioh
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieʔ²/, /t͡sioʔ²/
* ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
* zioh4 - Shantou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit質 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sz̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡səʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sai²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɨʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sət̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃït̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐt̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐt̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sit̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡si²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sioʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sit̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyit
Rime :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之日切 |
| Baxter | tsyit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-lit/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjid/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyit › |
| Old Chinese | /*t-lit/ |
| English | substance, solid part |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17401 |
| Phonetic component | 質 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 質 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjid/ |
| Notes | 金文本從折聲 |

#### Definitions

質
* matter; material; substance
* nature; intrinsic quality; essence
* quality
* (Cantonese, literary, or in compounds) to query; to ask about
* (literary, or in compounds) simple; plain
* Alternative form of 櫍 / 𬃊 (zhì)

##### Synonyms

* (matter): 物質／物质 (wùzhì)
* (nature):
* 實質 / 实质 (shízhì)
* 性質 / 性质 (xìngzhì)
* 本色
* 本質 / 本质 (běnzhì)
* 真態 / 真态 (zhēntài) (literary)
* 素質 / 素质 (sùzhì)
* (quality):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 質, 品 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 品質, 成色, 質量 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 質量, 品質 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 品質 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 品質 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 質素, 品質 |
* (to query):
* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 咨問 / 咨问 (zīwèn) (literary)
* 問 / 问 (wèn)
* 問訊 / 问讯 (wènxùn)
* 問話 / 问话 (wènhuà) (of superiors or elders)
* 打聽 / 打听 (dǎtīng)
* 扣問 / 扣问 (kòuwèn) (literary)
* 探問 / 探问 (tànwèn)
* 探詢 / 探询 (tànxún)
* 查問 / 查问 (cháwèn)
* 查詢 / 查询 (cháxún)
* 訊問 / 讯问 (xùnwèn)
* 詢問 / 询问 (xúnwèn)
* 諮詢 / 谘询 (zīxún)
* (simple):
* 古拙 (gǔzhuó)
* 古樸 / 古朴 (gǔpǔ)
* 樸實 / 朴实 (pǔshí)
* 樸素 / 朴素 (pǔsù)
* 樸質 / 朴质 (pǔzhì) (archaic)
* 素樸 / 素朴 (sùpǔ)
* 質樸 / 质朴 (zhìpǔ)
* 質素 / 质素 (zhìsù)

#### Compounds

* 中質原油 / 中质原油
* 互質 / 互质 (hùzhì)
* 介質 / 介质 (jièzhì)
* 介電質 / 介电质
* 優質 / 优质 (yōuzhì)
* 劣質 / 劣质 (lièzhì)
* 化學性質 / 化学性质 (huàxué xìngzhì)
* 區域變質 / 区域变质
* 原形質 / 原形质
* 原生質 / 原生质 (yuánshēngzhì)
* 原質 / 原质 (yuánzhì)
* 反物質 / 反物质 (fǎnwùzhì)
* 可孕物質 / 可孕物质
* 品質 / 品质 (pǐnzhì)
* 品質管制 / 品质管制
* 器質 / 器质 (qìzhì)
* 土質 / 土质 (tǔzhì)
* 土質液化 / 土质液化
* 地質 / 地质 (dìzhì)
* 地質學 / 地质学 (dìzhìxué)
* 地質活動 / 地质活动
* 大腦皮質 / 大脑皮质 (dànǎo pízhì)
* 大腦髓質 / 大脑髓质
* 天生麗質 / 天生丽质 (tiānshēnglìzhì)
* 姿質 / 姿质 (zīzhì)
* 媒質 / 媒质 (méizhì)
* 實質 / 实质 (shízhì)
* 實質利率 / 实质利率
* 實質所得 / 实质所得
* 實質違建 / 实质违建
* 對質 / 对质 (duìzhì)
* 引發物質 / 引发物质
* 形質 / 形质
* 彬彬文質 / 彬彬文质
* 待質 / 待质
* 性質 / 性质 (xìngzhì)
* 惡病質 / 恶病质 (èbìngzhì)
* 懷文抱質 / 怀文抱质
* 懷質抱真 / 怀质抱真
* 文化特質 / 文化特质
* 文質 / 文质
* 文質彬彬 / 文质彬彬 (wénzhìbīnbīn)
* 星際物質 / 星际物质
* 有機質 / 有机质 (yǒujīzhì)
* 木質 / 木质 (mùzhì)
* 木質莖 / 木质茎
* 木質部 / 木质部 (mùzhìbù)
* 本質 / 本质 (běnzhì)
* 材質 / 材质 (cáizhì)
* 樸質 / 朴质 (pǔzhì)
* 樸質無華 / 朴质无华
* 氣質 / 气质 (qìzhì)
* 水質 / 水质 (shuǐzhì)
* 流質 / 流质 (liúzhì)
* 海洋地質 / 海洋地质
* 溶質 / 溶质 (róngzhì)
* 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
* 灰質 / 灰质 (huīzhì)
* 牙質 / 牙质
* 牙釉質 / 牙釉质
* 物理性質 / 物理性质
* 物質 / 物质 (wùzhì)
* 物質三態 / 物质三态
* 物質建設 / 物质建设
* 物質文明 / 物质文明 (wùzhì wénmíng)
* 物質生活 / 物质生活 (wùzhì shēnghuó)
* 特質 / 特质 (tèzhì)
* 玉質金相 / 玉质金相
* 琺瑯質 / 珐琅质 (fàlángzhì)
* 瑋質 / 玮质
* 瓊林玉質 / 琼林玉质
* 生活品質 / 生活品质
* 異質 / 异质 (yìzhì)
* 當面對質 / 当面对质
* 白質 / 白质 (báizhì)
* 皮質 / 皮质 (pízhì)
* 皮質素 / 皮质素 (pízhìsù)
* 石灰質 / 石灰质
* 矽質岩 / 矽质岩
* 砂質 / 砂质
* 硬質合金 / 硬质合金
* 磷脂質 / 磷脂质
* 礦物質 / 矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
* 神經質 / 神经质 (shénjīngzhì)
* 純物質 / 纯物质
* 素質 / 素质 (sùzhì)
* 純質 / 纯质
* 細胞質 / 细胞质 (xìbāozhì)
* 絲質 / 丝质 (sīzhì)
* 纖纖弱質 / 纤纤弱质
* 羊質虎皮 / 羊质虎皮
* 美質 / 美质
* 考古質疑 / 考古质疑
* 腐植質 / 腐植质
* 腐殖質 / 腐殖质 (fǔzhízhì)
* 良質 / 良质
* 良質米 / 良质米
* 良質美手 / 良质美手
* 色質細胞 / 色质细胞
* 茶質 / 茶质
* 草質莖 / 草质茎 (cǎozhìjīng)
* 菌質 / 菌质
* 蕙心紈質 / 蕙心纨质
* 蕙心蘭質 / 蕙心兰质
* 蕙質 / 蕙质
* 蕙質蘭心 / 蕙质兰心
* 蘭蕙質 / 兰蕙质
* 虎皮羊質 / 虎皮羊质
* 蛋白質 / 蛋白质 (dànbáizhì)
* 角質層 / 角质层 (jiǎozhìcéng)
* 變質 / 变质 (biànzhì)
* 象牙質 / 象牙质 (xiàngyázhì)
* 資質 / 资质 (zīzhì)
* 質問 / 质问 (zhìwèn)
* 質因數 / 质因数 (zhìyīnshù)
* 質地 / 质地 (zhìdì)
* 質子 / 质子 (zhìzǐ)
* 質實 / 质实
* 質對 / 质对 (zhìduì)
* 質感 / 质感 (zhìgǎn)
* 質成 / 质成
* 質數 / 质数 (zhìshù)
* 質料 / 质料 (zhìliào)
* 質明 / 质明
* 質朴 (zhìpǔ)
* 質樸 / 质朴 (zhìpǔ)
* 質疑 / 质疑 (zhìyí)
* 質疑問難 / 质疑问难
* 質的 / 质的 (zhìdì)
* 質直 / 质直
* 質直渾厚 / 质直浑厚
* 質而不俚 / 质而不俚
* 質言 / 质言 (zhìyán)
* 質詢 / 质询 (zhìxún)
* 質證 / 质证 (zhìzhèng)
* 質變 / 质变 (zhìbiàn)
* 質讓 / 质让
* 質責 / 质责
* 質量 / 质量
* 質量數 / 质量数 (zhìliàngshù)
* 質點 / 质点 (zhìdiǎn)
* 重質原油 / 重质原油
* 金相玉質 / 金相玉质
* 金質 / 金质 (jīnzhì)
* 鈣質 / 钙质 (gàizhì)
* 銀質沉著 / 银质沉著
* 鐵質 / 铁质 (tiězhì)
* 閨中妙質 / 闺中妙质
* 雜質 / 杂质 (zázhì)
* 電解質 / 电解质 (diànjiězhì)
* 面質 / 面质
* 音質 / 音质 (yīnzhì)
* 骨質 / 骨质 (gǔzhì)
* 體質 / 体质 (tǐzhì)
* 鬼質 / 鬼质
* 魚質龍文 / 鱼质龙文
* 麗質 / 丽质 (lìzhì)
* 麗質天生 / 丽质天生
* 黏質 / 黏质
* 齒質 / 齿质

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhì (zhi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt / chṳ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì / chit
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^3$
*** Yale: ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt / chṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziid$^ˋ$ / zii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zid$^5$ / zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/, /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì / chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsì / tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cix, cid
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹/, /t͡sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
* chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
* chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.
* Middle Chinese: trijH
Rime :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟利切 |
| Baxter | trijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]<r>ip-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]<r>ip-s/ |
| English | hostage; gift |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 質 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17397 |
| Phonetic component | 質 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 致 |
| Old Chinese | /*tids/ |

#### Definitions

質
* to pawn
* collateral; security; object or person given as a pledge
    人質／人质 ― rénzhì ― hostage
* Alternative form of 贄 / 贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”)
* a surname, Zhi

#### Compounds

* 交質 / 交质
* 人質 / 人质 (rénzhì)
* 典質 / 典质
* 委質 / 委质 (wěizhì)
* 斧質 / 斧质
* 椹質 / 椹质
* 設定質權 / 设定质权
* 質劑 / 质剂
* 質妻鬻子 / 质妻鬻子
* 質屋 / 质屋
* 質庫 / 质库 (zhìkù)
* 質押 / 质押 (zhìyā)
* 質權 / 质权 (zhìquán)
* 質當 / 质当 (zhìdàng)
* 鈇質 / 𫓧质

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^1$
*** Yale: jāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚⁵/

#### Definitions

質
* (Cantonese) to stuff; to shove

##### Synonyms

* 扤, 塞

##### Related terms

* 密質質 / 密质质 (mat$^6$ zat$^1$ zat$^1$), 屈質 / 屈质 (wat$^1$ zat$^1$)

### References

* “質”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03970

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* content
* characteristic
* natural appearance
* confirm
* mortgage
* (financial, archaic, rare) seven

#### Readings

* Go-on: しち (shichi, Jōyō)、ち (chi, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)、ち (chi, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: もと (moto, 質)、たち (tachi, 質)、ただす (tadasu, 質す)、しろ (shiro)
* Nanori: かた (kata)、さだ (sada)、さだむ (sadamu)、すなお (sunao)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、ただす (tadasu)、み (mi)、もと (moto)

#### Alternative forms

* 貭 (variant)

#### Compounds

* 質(しつ)疑(ぎ) (shitsugi)
* 質実(しつじつ) (shitsujitsu)
* 質性(しつせい) (shitsusei)
* 質(しっ)素(そ) (shisso)
* 質朴(しんぼく) (shinboku)
* 質問(しつもん) (shitsumon)
* 質(しつ)量(りょう) (shitsuryō)
* 原形質(げんけいしつ) (genkeishitsu): protoplasm

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 質
* しつ Grade: 5
* kan'on

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつ [shìtsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕit͡sɨ]

#### Noun

質(しつ) • (shitsu)
* quality

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 質
* しち Grade: 5
* goon

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しち [shìchíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɕit͡ɕi]

#### Noun

質(しち) • (shichi)
* pawn

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 質
* たち Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 質 – see the following entry. :
| 【たち】 | [noun] nature (of a person or an illness) |
(This term, 質, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 지ᇙ〮 (Yale: cílq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 질 (cil)$^訓$ (Yale: cil) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕiɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [질]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 質 (eumhun 바탕 질 (batang jil))
* hanja form of 질 (“matter”)
* hanja form of 질 (“nature; disposition”)
* hanja form of 질 (“quality”)

#### Compounds

* 균질 (均質, gyunjil)
* 기질 (氣質, gijil)
* 물질 (物質, muljil)
* 변질 (變質, byeonjil)
* 본질 (本質, bonjil)
* 성질 (性質, seongjil)
* 소질 (素質, sojil)
* 수질 (水質, sujil)
* 실질 (實質, siljil)
* 양질 (良質, yangjil)
* 언질 (言質, eonjil)
* 재질 (材質, jaejil)
* 저질 (低質, jeojil)
* 질감 (質感, jilgam)
* 질권 (質權, jilgwon)
* 질량 (質量, jillyang)
* 질문 (質問, jilmun, “question”)
* 질의 (質疑, jirui)
* 질책 (質責, jilchaek)
* 체질 (體質, chejil)
* 품질 (品質, pumjil)

### Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit). The original reading is 지 (ji) based on Middle Chinese 質 (MC trijH, “hostage”).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 딩〮 (Yale: tí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕiɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [질]

#### Hanja

質 (eumhun 볼모 질 (bolmo jil))
* hanja form of 질 (“hostage”)

#### Compounds

* 인질 (人質, injil, “hostage”)

### Etymology 3

Related to Middle Chinese 贄 (MC tsyijH).

#### Hanja

質 (eumhun 폐백(幣帛) 지)
* Alternative form of 贄 (“hanja form of 지 (“gift”)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

質: Hán Nôm readings: chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt
* question, investigate
* mortgage
* manner, essence