# և

| և | U+0587, &#1415; ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN |
| ← ֆ [U+0586] | Armenian | ֈ → [U+0588] |

## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* եւ (ew) — alternative typography

### Etymology 1

A ligature of ե + ւ.

#### Pronunciation

(word-initially:)
* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jev/, [jev]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jev/, [jev]
(otherwise:)
* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ev/, [ev]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ev/, [ev]
* Audio (word-initially):(file)

#### Letter

և lowercase (uppercase ԵՒ, title-case Եւ)
* The 37th letter of Armenian alphabet according to Reformed Orthography. Represents [ev] (but [jev] word-initially). Transliterated as ew.

##### Usage notes

* This letter was created in the result of the spelling reform of the Armenian language of 1922–1924. The Traditional Armenian orthography treats և as a ligature of ե (e) + ւ (w) and not as a separate letter.
* When used in sentence case, the capital form of the letter is Եվ. However, in all caps text it is ԵՎ.
* Can be spelled as a digraph եւ (ew) both in reformed and traditional orthography.

##### See also

* (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
* (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
* (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գ$^յ$ կ$^յ$ ք$^յ$ հ$^յ$ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
* (Punctuation):  ՙ  ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
* (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian և (ew). As an inheritance, survives only in the Suceava dialect.

#### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jev/, [jev]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jev/, [jev]
* Audio:(file)

#### Conjunction

և • (ew)
* (somewhat formal) and
    Synonym: ու (u)

##### Alternative forms

* յեվ (yev) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). Related to ու (u).

### Conjunction

և • (ew)
* and; also, likewise
    եւ ..., եւ ... ― ew ..., ew ... ― both ... and ...
    եւ ոչ ― ew očʻ ― neither, no, nor
    ոչ մին եւ ոչ միւսն ― očʻ min ew očʻ miwsn ― neither; neither one nor the other
    եւ երիտասարդ եւ ծերք ― ew eritasard ew cerkʻ ― both young and old
    եւ այլն ― ew ayln ― et cetera, and so on
    եւ այն զի, եւ այս զի ― ew ayn zi, ew ays zi ― the more so
    եւ արդ ― ew ard ― now, then
    եւ եւս ― ew ews ― also, more, over, still, moreover, likewise
    եւ զի, եւ քանզի ― ew zi, ew kʻanzi ― since, because
    չեւ, չեւ եւս ― čʻew, čʻew ews ― not yet; not till now
    չեւ տեսեալ ― čʻew teseal ― before seeing

#### Derived terms

* այլեւս (aylews)
* եւեթ (ewetʻ)
* եւս (ews)
* եօթնեւտասն (eōtʻnewtasn)
* զեւս (zews)
* թերեւս (tʻerews)
* թէեւ (tʻēew)
* թէպէտեւ (tʻēpētew)
* իբրեւ (ibrew)
* իննեւտասն (innewtasn)
* մեւս (mews)
* մինչեւ (minčʻew)
* մինչչեւ (minčʻčʻew)
* միւս (miws)
* ութեւտասն (utʻewtasn)
* չեւ (čʻew)
* քանզեւս (kʻanzews)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: եւ (ew) (learned)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “և”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “և”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 386
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎, Zagreb, page 10
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “և”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy