# قسم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.sa.ma/

#### Verb

قَسَمَ • (qasama) I (non-past يَقْسِمُ (yaqsimu), verbal noun قَسْم (qasm))
* to divide
    الأستاذ يقسم الفصل إلى مجموعات صغيرة للمناقشة.Al-ustādh yaqsimu al-faṣl ilā mujamūʿāt ṣuġayrah lil-munāqashah.The teacher divides the class into small groups for discussion.
* to distribute
* to determine according to weight and measure
* to transact a business with justice and fairness
* (transitive) to disperse

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qas.sa.ma/

#### Verb

قَسَّمَ • (qassama) II (non-past يُقَسِّمُ (yuqassimu), verbal noun تَقْسِيم (taqsīm))
* to divide
* to distribute

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qi.sam/

#### Noun

قِسَم • (qisam) pl
* plural of قِسْمَة (qisma)

### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qasm/

#### Noun

قَسْم • (qasm) m
* verbal noun of قَسَمَ (qasama) (form I)
* section
* department

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.sam/

#### Noun

قَسَم • (qasam) m
* oath

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qəsəm
* → Classical Persian: قسم (qasam)
** → Bengali: কসম (kôsom)
** → Chagatai: قسم
*** Uyghur: قەسەم (qesem)
*** Uzbek: qasam
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: क़सम (qasam)
*** Urdu: قسم (qasam)
** → Pashto: قسم
** → Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ਸਮ (qasam)
*** Shahmukhi script: قَسَم (qasam)
** → Sindhi:
*** Devanagari script: क़समु
*** Arabic script: قسم
* → Ottoman Turkish: قسم (kasem)
** Turkish: kasem
* → Turkmen: kasam

### Etymology 1.6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qism/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

قِسْم • (qism) m (plural أَقْسَام (ʔaqsām))
* division, sort, part
* department
* (Can we verify this sense?) (grammar) definiteness

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qisim
* → Classical Persian: قِسْم (qism)
** → Bengali: কিসিম (kisim)
** → Chagatai: قِسْم
*** Uyghur: قىسىم (qisim)
*** Uzbek: qism
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: क़िस्म (qism)
*** Urdu: قِسْم (qism)
** → Pashto: قسم
** → Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ਿਸਮ (qisam)
*** Shahmukhi script: قِسْم (qism)
** → Sindhi:
*** Devanagari script: क़िस्मु
*** Arabic script: قِسْم
* → Kumyk: къысым (qısım)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قِسْم (kısm, vulg. kısım)
** Turkish: kısım
* → Turkmen: kysym

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

قسم
* Arabic spelling of qəsəm

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قِسم.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡi.sim/

#### Noun

قسم • (gisim) m (construct state قِسْم (gism), dual قِسْمين (gismēn), plural أقسام (ʔagsām))
* section, division, sort, part
* department

### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَسَمَ (qasama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.sam/

#### Verb

قَسَم • (gasam) I (non-past يِقْسِم (yigsim))
* to swear, to make an oath
* to divide
* to distribute

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic قَسَم (qasam).

#### Noun

قسم • (gasam) m (dual قَسَمين (gasamēn), plural أقسام (ʔagsām))
* oath

### Etymology 4

From Arabic قَسَّمَ (qassama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡas.sam/

#### Verb

قَسَّم • (gassam) II (non-past يِقَسِّم (yigassim))
* to divide
* to distribute

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡi.sam/

#### Noun

قِسَم • (gisam) pl
* plural of قِسْمَة (gisma)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic قَسَم (qasam).

#### Noun

قسم • (kasem)
* oath

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kasem

#### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قسم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1453

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic قِسْم (qism).

#### Noun

قسم • (kısm, vulg. kısım)
* part

##### Related terms

* قسما (kısmen)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kısım

#### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قسم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1453

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic قَسَم (qasam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qa.sam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.säm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.säm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qä.säm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qä.säm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæ.sæm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qä.säm]

#### Noun

قسم • (qasam) (plural قسم‌ها (qasam-hâ))
* oath, swearing
    Synonym: سوگند (sowgand)

##### Related terms

* قسم خوردن (qasam xordan, “to swear”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic قِسْم (qism).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qism]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qɪsm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qɪsm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qɪsm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qism]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qesm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qism]

#### Noun

قسم • (qesm) (plural قسم‌ها (qesm-hâ))
* part, portion, division
** Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Akbarnama Volume 1 (Translation by Wheeler M. Thackston)
    گره سیورها که بریاضت و تجرد و حکمت در کل ممالک هندوستان امتیاز دارند زمانه را که بزبان هندی "کال" گویند بر دو قسم منقسم ساخته‌اند
    The Seoras, who are famous throughout India for their asceticism, reclusivity, and wisdom, have divided time, which is called kal in the Indian language, into two parts.

##### Derived terms

* قسمیدن (qesmidan)

##### Related terms

* قسماً (qesman)

## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَسَم (qasam), from Arabic قَسَم (qasam).

#### Noun

قَسَم • (qasam) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕ਼ਸਮ)
* oath

#### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “قسم”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian قِسْم (qism), from Arabic قِسْم (qism).

#### Noun

قِسْم • (qism) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕ਼ਿਸਮ)
* kind

#### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “قِسم”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Sindhi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَسَم (qasam), from Arabic قَسَم (qasam).

#### Noun

قسم • (qasamu) m (Devanagari क़समु)
* oath

#### Further reading

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “قَسَمُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
* “قسم”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian قِسْم (qism), from Arabic قِسْم (qism).

#### Noun

قسم • (transliteration needed) ?
* kind

#### Further reading

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “قِسِمُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
* “قسم”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic قَسَمَ (qasama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔa.sam/, [ˈʔa.sam]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡa.sam/, [ˈɡa.sam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

قسم • (ʔasam) I (present بقسم (biʔsim))
* to split, to halve
* (mathematics) to divide

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic قَسَّمَ (qassama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /ʔas.sam/, [ˈʔas.sam]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /ɡas.sam/, [ˈɡas.sam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

قسّم • (ʔassam) II (present بقسّم (biʔassem))
* to divvy up, to apportion, to allocate
    Synonym: وزّع (wazzaʕ)

##### Conjugation
#### See also

* تقاسم (tʔāsam)

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian قسم (qism), from Arabic قِسْم (qism, “division, sort”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /qɪsm/
* Audio (India):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪsm

#### Noun

قسم • (qism) f (Hindi spelling क़िस्म)
* kind, type, category, brand
    کس قسم کا چیز ہے یہ؟ ― kis qism kā cīz hai yeh? ― What kind of thing is it?

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian قسم (qasam), from Arabic قَسَم (qasam, “oath, vow”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /qə.səm/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -əm

#### Noun

قسم • (qasam) f (Hindi spelling क़सम)
* oath, swearing

##### Synonyms

* شپتھ (śapath)
* سونہ (sauṅh)
* سوگند (saugand)

#### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “قسم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.