# 石油
## Chinese
### Etymology

First attested in 1086–1093, in Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays, where the oil was used as ink by the author:
    黑光如漆，松墨不及也，遂大為之，其識文為「延川石液」者是也。此物後必大行於世，自余始為之。蓋石油至多，生於地中無窮，不若松木有時而竭。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]黑光如漆，松墨不及也，遂大为之，其识文为「延川石液」者是也。此物后必大行于世，自余始为之。盖石油至多，生于地中无穷，不若松木有时而竭。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]From: c. 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool EssaysHēi guāng rú qī, sōngmò bùjí yě, suì dà wéi zhī, qí zhì wén wéi “Yánchuān shí yè” zhě shìyě. Cǐ wù hòu bì dàxíng yú shì, zì yú shǐ wéi zhī. Gài shíyóu zhìduō, shēng yú dì zhōng wúqióng, bùruò sōngmù yǒushí ér jié. [Pinyin]The quality of this kind of ink stick is even better than the one made of pine soot. Hence such ink stick is manufactured in large quantities, “Yanzhou Stone Liquid” being the label carved on its surface. I am the first to make this kind of ink stick and I believe that it will one day become popular, because there is plenty of petroleum in the world gushing from the ground in a steady stream, contrary to the fact that pine trees will inevitably be depleted.
Compare petroleum with a nearly identical word-formation.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shíyóu
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄧㄡˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыю (šɨi͡u, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sek$^6$ jau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-yù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-iû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zioh$^8$ iu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zaq-yeu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr$^6$ iou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíyóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyóu
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-yu$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ-yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryou
*** Palladius: шию (šiju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$石油 食油
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыю (šɨi͡u, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²⁴ iou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sek$^6$ jau$^4$
*** Yale: sehk yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sek$^9$ jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ség$^6$ yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːk̚² jɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: sag iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sag$^6$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ i̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: sag (r)iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sag$^6$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-iû
*** Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq'iuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zioh$^8$ iu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsio̍h iû
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sioʔ⁴⁻² iu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zaq-yeu
*** MiniDict: zah$^入$ yeu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zaq-hhieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zaʔ¹¹ ɦiɤ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shr$^6$ iou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyek yuw
Rime :
| Character | 石 | 油 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 常隻切 | 以周切 |
| Baxter | dzyek | yuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ | /jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛk̚/ | /jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiæk̚/ | /iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiajk̚/ | /juw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛk̚/ | /iu/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛk̚/ | /jĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛk̚/ | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^6$ | jau$^4$ |

### Noun

石油
* oil; petroleum
    石油鑽塔／石油钻塔 ― shíyóu zuàntǎ ― oil rig
    石油鑽台／石油钻台 ― shíyóu zuàntái ― oil rig
* (dated or dialectal) kerosene
    From: 1925, Lu Xun, 《好的故事》, translated by Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang
    Dēnghuǒ jiànjiàn de suōxiǎo le, zài yùgào shíyóu de yǐjīng bù duō; shíyóu yòu bù shì lǎopái, zǎo xūn de dēngzhào hěn hūn'àn. [Pinyin]
    The lamp flame slowly dwindled, a sign that there was not much paraffin left; and the paraffin, which was not of the best brand, had already blackened the chimney with its smoke.
* (Xiang, dated) petrol

#### Synonyms

* (kerosene):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 煤油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 煤油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 煤油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 煤油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 煤油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 煤油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 洋油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 煤油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 煤油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 煤油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 煤油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 煤油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 火油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 煤油, 火油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 火油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 火油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 火油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 煤油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 煤油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe (Maoping) | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 煤油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 煤油, 洋油, 火油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 煤油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 洋燈油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 煤油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 煤油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 煤油, 火油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 石油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 石油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanbu | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 洋油, 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 煤油, 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 煤油, 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 煤油, 洋油, 火水, 火水油, 火油, 水火油 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 煤油, 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 火油, 洋油, 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 水油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 火油, 煤油, 水火油, 火水油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 火油, 水火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Pingtang) | 火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 洋油, 火油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 煤油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Oudomxay | 水火油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 洋油, 煤油, 火油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 洋油, 火油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 洋油, 煤油, 火油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 洋油, 火油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 洋油 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 臭油 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 火水, 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 煤油, 煤氣油 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 煤油, 火水 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 火油, 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 煤油 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 水油 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 煤油, 火水 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 火油, 煤油 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 火油, 水火油, 煤油 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 火水油, 火水 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 火油 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 火水油 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 火水 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 煤油 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Gan | Poyang | 洋油 |
| Gan | Yugan | 洋油 |
| Gan | Wannian | 洋油 |
| Gan | Yiyang, Jiangxi | 洋油 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 洋油 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 洋油 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 洋油 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋油 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 洋油, 火水 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 火水 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 洋油, 火水 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 火水 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 水油, 水火油 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 番油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Changting | 洋油 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 洋油 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 洋油 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋油 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 煤油, 水油 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 火水 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 火水 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 火水油 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 水油 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 火水油 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 火油 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 火水, 煤油 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 火油 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 洋油, 火油, 煤油 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 火水 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 泥油 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 泥油 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 煤油 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 洋油 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 煤油 |
| Jin | Datong | 煤油 |
| Jin | Datong (Yunzhou) | 煤油 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 煤油 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 煤油 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 煤油 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jin | Linhe | 煤油 |
| Jin | Jining | 煤油 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 煤油 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 煤油 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 煤油 |
| Jin | Handan | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 洋油 |
| Jin | Suide | 煤油 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 洋油 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 洋油 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 洋油 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塗油, 臭油, 汽油, 番仔油 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 塗油, 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塗油 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 塗油 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塗油, 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 塗油, 番仔油 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 臭油 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 番仔油 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 番仔油 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 番仔油 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 水油 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 臭油 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 煤油 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 洋油, 煤油 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 火油 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 水油, 火水油, 火油 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 火油, 火水, 火水油 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 塗油 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 塗油 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 火水 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 火水 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 火油, 番囝油 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 火油, 番囝油 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 番囝油 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 臭油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 火油, 番囝油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 火油, 番囝油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 火油, 番囝油 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 煤油 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 火水 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 火油, 水油 dated, 水火油 dated |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 煤油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 煤油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 煤油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Yangjia) | 洋油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 洋油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 火油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 煤油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 煤油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 水火油 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 煤油 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 洋油 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 煤油 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 煤油 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 煤油 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 煤油, 火油, 洋油 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 洋油 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 洋油 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 洋油, 火油 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洋油, 火油 |
| Wu | Danyang | 洋油, 火油 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 洋油, 火油 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 洋油, 火油 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 洋油 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 洋油 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 洋油 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 洋油 |
| Wu | Yushan | 洋油 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 洋油 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 煤油, 洋油 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 煤油, 洋油 dated |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 洋油 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 水火油 |
* (petrol):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 汽油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 汽油 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 汽油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 汽油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 汽油, 汽發油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 汽油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 汽油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 汽油 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 汽油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) | 汽油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe (Maoping) | 汽油, 洋油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 汽油 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 汽油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 汽油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 汽油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 汽油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 汽油 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanbu | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 汽油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 汽油, 洋油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 汽油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 汽油 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 汽油 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 電油, 油 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 車油 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 汽油, 電油 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 汽油 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 電油 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 電油 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 汽油 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 汽油, 電油 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 汽油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 汽油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 汽油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 汽油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 汽油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 汽油, 發油, 加所輪 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 電油 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 汽油 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 汽油 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 汽油 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 汽油 |
| Jin | Datong | 汽油 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 汽油 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 汽油 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 汽油 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 汽油 |
| Jin | Linhe | 汽油 |
| Jin | Jining | 汽油 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 汽油 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 汽油 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 汽油 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 汽油 |
| Jin | Handan | 汽油 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 汽油 |
| Jin | Suide | 汽油 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 汽油 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 電油, 番仔油, 番油 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 電油, 番仔油, 番油 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 電油, 番仔油, 番油 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 電油 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 汽油, ga-só͘-lín |
| Southern Min | Tainan | ga-só͘-lín, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 水油, ga-só͘-lín |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 車油, 電油 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 電油 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 車油, 電油, 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 汽油 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 電油 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 電油 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 汽油, 便升 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 汽油 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 汽油, 便升 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 汽油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 汽油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 汽油 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 汽油 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 汽油 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 電油 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 汽油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 汽油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 汽油 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 汽油 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 汽油 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 汽油 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 汽油 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 汽油 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 汽油, 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 汽油, 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 汽油, 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Danyang | 汽油 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 汽油, 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 汽油 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 汽油, 隑斯林 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 汽油 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 汽油, 石油 dated |
| Xiang | Loudi | 汽油 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 汽油 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 汽油 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 汽油 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 汽油 |

#### Derived terms

* 合成石油
* 液化石油氣 / 液化石油气 (yèhuà shíyóuqì)
* 石化 (shíhuà)
* 石油化學工業 / 石油化学工业
* 石油危機 / 石油危机
* 石油氣 / 石油气 (shíyóuqì)
* 石油腦 / 石油脑
* 石油蕉
* 石油輸出國家組織 / 石油输出国家组织 (Shíyóu Shūchū Guójiā Zǔzhī)
* 石油輸出國組織 / 石油输出国组织 (Shíyóu Shūchūguó Zǔzhī)
* 石油醚 (shíyóumí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 石(せき)油(ゆ) (sekiyu)
* → Korean: 석유(石油) (seogyu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 油 |
| せき Grade: 1 | ゆ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

石(せき)油(ゆ) • (sekiyu)
* oil, petroleum
* kerosene

#### Synonyms

* 原油(げんゆ) (gen'yu, “crude oil”)

#### Related terms

* 灯油(とうゆ) (tōyu, “kerosene”)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 石 | 油 |

### Noun

石油 • (seogyu) (hangeul 석유)
* hanja form of 석유 (“petroleum”)