# 塏

| 塏 | U+584F, &#22607; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584F |
| ← 塎 [U+584E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塐 → [U+5850] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塏 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土山一廿 (GUMT), four-corner 4211$_8$, composition ⿰土豈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5326
* Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 472, character 5
* Unihan data for U+584F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 塏
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 獃 | *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː |
| 剴 | *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl |
| 凱 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 愷 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 塏 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 鎧 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 颽 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 暟 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 闓 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 豈 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ |
| 隑 | *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl |
| 皚 | *ŋɯːl |
| 嵦 | *ŋɡɯːl |
| 敳 | *ŋɯːl |
| 磑 | *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls |
| 螘 | *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ |
| 覬 | *krɯls |
| 溰 | *ŋɯl |
| 顗 | *ŋɯlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ): semantic 土 + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎi (kai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$
*** Yale: hói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khojX
Rime :
| Character | 塏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦亥切 |
| Baxter | khojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤəjʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 塏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kǎi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qʰˁəjʔ/ |
| English | high and dry (place) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10104 |
| Phonetic component | 豈 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/ |

### Definitions

塏
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) high and dry (of place)

### Compounds

* 塏塏 / 垲垲 (kǎikǎi)
* 爽塏 / 爽垲

### References

* “塏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* high and dry place

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かい (kai)、がい (gai)

## Korean
### Hanja

塏 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)
* highland
* high and dry place

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塏: Hán Nôm readings: khải
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation