# 闞

| 闞 | U+95DE, &#38366; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95DE |
| ← 闝 [U+95DD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 闟 → [U+95DF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

闞 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一十大 (ANMJK), four-corner 7714$_8$, composition ⿵門敢)

#### Derived characters

* 𠑨, 㘚, 𣌙, 矙, 𦘑, 𧯘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1341, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41484
* Dae Jaweon: page 1846, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 6
* Unihan data for U+95DE

## Chinese

* 阚姓

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撖 | *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 澉 | *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ |
| 噉 | *l'aːmʔ |
| 敢 | *klaːmʔ |
| 橄 | *klaːmʔ |
| 瞰 | *kʰlaːms |
| 闞 | *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms |
| 憨 | *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 譀 | *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb |
| 巖 | *ŋraːm |
| 礹 | *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ |
| 豃 | *qʰraːmʔ |
| 讝 | *kjam |
| 玁 | *hŋramʔ |
| 嚴 | *ŋam |
| 儼 | *ŋamʔ |
| 曮 | *ŋamʔ |
| 釅 | *ŋams |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kàn (kan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kàn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^4$
*** Yale: kàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kann
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
*** Yale: ham / hahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^3$ / ham$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^3$ / hem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm³³/, /hɐm²²/
* Middle Chinese: khamH
Rime :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦濫切 |
| Baxter | khamH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 3678 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 闞 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰlaːms/ |

#### Definitions

闞
* (literary) Alternative form of 瞰 (kàn, “to glance; to peep; to visit”)
* (literary) to approach; to be near to
* a surname

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎn (han$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^3$
*** Yale: hǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haan
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^2$
*** Yale: háam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xeamX
Rime :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 火斬切 |
| Baxter | xeamX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠɛm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚæm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰreːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 3683 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 闞 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰreːmʔ/ |

#### Definitions

闞
* (literary) angry roaring or growling (of tiger)
    alt. forms: 㘚 / 㘎 (hǎn)
* (literary) loud

#### Compounds

* 哮闞 / 哮阚
* 虓闞 / 虓阚
* 闞闞 / 阚阚

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàn (xian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$
*** Yale: syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^3$
*** Yale: haam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm³³/
* Middle Chinese: xaemH
Rime :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 許鑑切 |
| Baxter | xaemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠam$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚam$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xam$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xam$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xam$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xam$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋraːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闞 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 3688 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㒈 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋraːms/ |

#### Definitions

闞
* (historical dictionaries only) sound of dogs (Guangyun); sound of angry beasts (Jiyun)

### References

* “闞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: のぞむ (nozomu, 闞む)

## Korean
### Hanja

闞 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.