# 佞

| 佞 | U+4F5E, &#20318; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5E |
| ← 佝 [U+4F5D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佟 → [U+4F5F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

佞 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一一女 (OMMV), four-corner 2124$_4$, composition ⿸仁女)
* flattery
* glib

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 521
* Dae Jaweon: page 211, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 129, character 10
* Unihan data for U+4F5E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 佞 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts09286Transcribed ancient scriptsL24440L24441L24442 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 千 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 仟 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 芊 | *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns |
| 阡 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 汘 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 迁 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 杄 | *sn̥ʰiːn |
| 人 | *njin |
| 仁 | *njin |
| 朲 | *njin |
| 佞 | *neːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *neːŋs): phonetic 仁 (OC *njin) + semantic 女.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nìng (ning$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ning$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): nêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): neng$^5$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nìng
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^4$
*** Yale: nìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ninq
*** Palladius: нин (nin)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ning$^6$
*** Yale: nihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ning$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ning$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɪŋ²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: neng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /leŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin
*** MiniDict: nyin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/
* Middle Chinese: nengH
Rime :
| Character | 佞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 乃定切 |
| Baxter | nengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /neŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /neŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɛjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /neŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nieŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nieŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ning$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤiŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*neːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 佞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ neng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁiŋ-s/ |
| English | clever |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 佞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10803 |
| Phonetic component | 人 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寗 |
| Old Chinese | /*neːŋs/ |
| Notes | 小徐仁聲 |

### Definitions

佞
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) eloquent
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to flatter; to be good at flattery
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) flatterer
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) evil; wicked; crafty
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hypocritical; hypocrisy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to feel dizzy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) talent (usually in the humble expression 不佞 (bùnìng))

### Compounds

* 不佞 (bùnìng)
* 佞人
* 佞佛
* 佞口
* 佞史
* 佞幸
* 佞徒損友 / 佞徒损友
* 佞祿 / 佞禄
* 佞臣 (nìngchén)
* 佞舌
* 佞言
* 便佞
* 儈佞 / 侩佞
* 唼佞
* 善巧便佞
* 奸佞 (jiānnìng)
* 姦佞 / 奸佞 (jiānnìng)
* 嬖佞
* 嬛佞
* 巧佞
* 憸佞 / 𪫺佞
* 權佞 / 权佞
* 禮賢遠佞 / 礼贤远佞
* 諂佞 / 谄佞
* 讒佞 / 谗佞 (chánnìng)
* 讒言佞語 / 谗言佞语
* 邪佞

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* flattery
* insincerity

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ねい (nei)、でい (dei)
* Kun: おもねる (omoneru)、よこしま (yokoshima)

## Korean
### Hanja

佞 (eum 녕 (nyeong))
* flattery
* glib

## Vietnamese
### Han character

佞: Hán Nôm readings: nịnh, nạnh, nến, nính
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation