# topo
## English
### Etymology 1

Clipping of topographic map

#### Noun

topo (plural topos)
* A topographic map.
* (climbing) A map or sketch of a climbing route or area.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Clipping of topographic; compare bathy.

#### Adjective

topo (not comparable)
* Topographic.

### Anagrams

* poot, opto-, OPTO, Toop

## Äiwoo
### Verb

topo
* to puncture

### References

* Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

## 'Are'are
### Verb

topo
* be silent
* to stop

### References

* Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

## Basque
### Noun

topo anim
* crash

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈto.pu]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈto.po]

### Verb

topo
* first-person singular present indicative of topar

## French
### Etymology

Clipping of topographie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔ.po/, /to.po/

### Noun

topo m (plural topos)
* sketch
    Synonyms: croquis, dessin, plan
* (informal) rundown, short report, rough outline
    Synonyms: résumé de la situation, état des lieux
    faire un topo sur la situation ― to give a rundown of the situation

### Further reading

* “topo”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Verb

topo
* first-person singular present indicative of topar

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin talpa (“mole”) with a change in gender. The original [ɫ] appears to have vocalized to [u̯] in pre-literary Tuscan, with the resulting [au̯] regularly yielding [ɔ], as in Latin aurum (“gold”) > Italian òro. Doublet of talpa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.po/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔpo
* Hyphenation: tò‧po

### Noun

topo m (plural topi, feminine topa, diminutive topìno or topolìno; (less common) topétto or topettìno, augmentative topóne or topolóne, pejorative topàccio)
* mouse, rat
    Synonym: sorcio
* (by extension) thief; person acting suspiciously or furtively
* (computing, rare) computer mouse

#### Usage notes

* Certain authorities including Umberto Eco, semiotician and author, insist that topo does not differentiate between “mouse” and “rat”:
    Aiuto, un topo! ― Help, a mouse/rat!
* Here topo is ambiguous — it refers to the impression somebody has when a mouse or rat comes along, that is when somebody panics because of seeing the animal.

#### Derived terms

* topaia
* topastro
* topesco
* topo d'albergo
* topo d'appartamento
* topo d'auto
* topo di treno
* toporagno

#### See also

* ratto m

### References

* ↑ Müller, Daniela. 2011. Developments of the lateral in Occitan dialects and their Romance and cross-linguistic context. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Toulouse. Page 49.

### Anagrams

* opto, opto-, optò, poto, potò

## Jarawa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /topo/

### Noun

topo
* snake
    Hyponym: čəlaːŋ (“cobra”)

### Proper noun

topo
* an unknown-gender given name

### References

* Kumar, Pramod (2012) Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 43, 91, 133, 161, 313.

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French top, from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.

#### Alternative forms

* tôpo (pre-reform spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto.pu/
* Rhymes: -opu
* Hyphenation: to‧po

#### Noun

topo m (plural topos)
* top (uppermost part)
    Synonyms: ápice, auge, cimo, cume, pináculo, pínculo, sumidade, tope
    Antonym: fundo
* apex (moment of greatest success, expansion, etc.)
    Synonyms: ápice, apogeu, auge
    Antonym: fundo do poço

##### Derived terms

* topo de linha

### Etymology 2

Deverbal from topar.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.pu/
* Rhymes: -ɔpu
* Hyphenation: to‧po

#### Noun

topo m (plural topos)
* (dated) collision (instance of colliding)
    Synonyms: embate, encontro, topada, choque

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.pu/
* Rhymes: -ɔpu
* Hyphenation: to‧po

#### Verb

topo
* first-person singular present indicative of topar

### Further reading

* “topo”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “topo”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “topo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “topo”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtopo/ [ˈt̪o.po]
* Rhymes: -opo
* Syllabification: to‧po

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin talpa. Cognate with English taupe.

#### Noun

topo m (plural topos)
* mole (the animal)
* mole (spy)

##### Derived terms

* grillo topo
* rata topo
* topo ciego
* topo dorado

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

topo
* first-person singular present indicative of topar

### Further reading

* “topo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tarantino
### Noun

topo
* mouse

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Proto-North Halmahera *topok (“to pierce”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈto.po]

### Verb

topo
* (transitive) to stick into, to stab, pierce

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Uneapa
### Etymology

From Proto-Western Oceanic *topo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /topo/

### Noun

topo
* blood

### Further reading

* Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt̪o.po/

### Verb

topo
* (stative) to be new

#### Conjugation
### References

* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics