# helma
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Helm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɛlma]

### Noun

helma f
* helmet
* hard hat

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “helma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “helma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëlma (compare Estonian hõlm), possibly borrowed either from Baltic (compare Lithuanian šelmuo (“ridge (of a roof)”)) or from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”) (compare Old English helm (“helmet, protection, covering”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhelmɑ/, [ˈhe̞lmɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -elmɑ
* Hyphenation: hel‧ma

### Noun

helma
* skirt, base, lap (part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist)
    Synonyms: helmus, lieve, reuna
* hem (border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying)
    Synonyms: palle, päärme
* (figuratively) care
    äitinsä helmoissa ― cared for by his mother / living with his mother
* (furniture) valance (short, decorative edging of cloth that conceals the underside of a bed, couch or other piece of furniture)
    Synonym: helmalakana
* (automotive) sill, rocker

#### Declension

Possessive forms of helma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
helmani
helmani
accusative
nom.
helmani
helmani
gen.
helmani
genitive
helmani
helmojeni helmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
helmaani
helmojani
inessive
helmassani
helmoissani
elative
helmastani
helmoistani
illative
helmaani
helmoihini
adessive
helmallani
helmoillani
ablative
helmaltani
helmoiltani
allative
helmalleni
helmoilleni
essive
helmanani
helmoinani
translative
helmakseni
helmoikseni
abessive
helmattani
helmoittani
instructive
comitative
—helmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
helmasi
helmasi
accusative
nom.
helmasi
helmasi
gen.
helmasi
genitive
helmasi
helmojesi helmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
helmaasi
helmojasi
inessive
helmassasi
helmoissasi
elative
helmastasi
helmoistasi
illative
helmaasi
helmoihisi
adessive
helmallasi
helmoillasi
ablative
helmaltasi
helmoiltasi
allative
helmallesi
helmoillesi
essive
helmanasi
helmoinasi
translative
helmaksesi
helmoiksesi
abessive
helmattasi
helmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—helmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
helmamme
helmamme
accusative
nom.
helmamme
helmamme
gen.
helmamme
genitive
helmamme
helmojemme helmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
helmaamme
helmojamme
inessive
helmassamme
helmoissamme
elative
helmastamme
helmoistamme
illative
helmaamme
helmoihimme
adessive
helmallamme
helmoillamme
ablative
helmaltamme
helmoiltamme
allative
helmallemme
helmoillemme
essive
helmanamme
helmoinamme
translative
helmaksemme
helmoiksemme
abessive
helmattamme
helmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—helmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
helmanne
helmanne
accusative
nom.
helmanne
helmanne
gen.
helmanne
genitive
helmanne
helmojenne helmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
helmaanne
helmojanne
inessive
helmassanne
helmoissanne
elative
helmastanne
helmoistanne
illative
helmaanne
helmoihinne
adessive
helmallanne
helmoillanne
ablative
helmaltanne
helmoiltanne
allative
helmallenne
helmoillenne
essive
helmananne
helmoinanne
translative
helmaksenne
helmoiksenne
abessive
helmattanne
helmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—helmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
helmansa
helmansa
accusative
nom.
helmansa
helmansa
gen.
helmansa
genitive
helmansa
helmojensa helmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
helmaansa
helmojaan helmojansa
inessive
helmassaan helmassansa
helmoissaan helmoissansa
elative
helmastaan helmastansa
helmoistaan helmoistansa
illative
helmaansa
helmoihinsa
adessive
helmallaan helmallansa
helmoillaan helmoillansa
ablative
helmaltaan helmaltansa
helmoiltaan helmoiltansa
allative
helmalleen helmallensa
helmoilleen helmoillensa
essive
helmanaan helmanansa
helmoinaan helmoinansa
translative
helmakseen helmaksensa
helmoikseen helmoiksensa
abessive
helmattaan helmattansa
helmoittaan helmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—helmoineen helmoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* -helmainen
* helmallinen
* helmus
* helmusta
* hameenhelma
* helmalakana
* helmalinja
* helmankorkeus
* helmapalkki
* helmapelti
* helmasynti
* hienohelma
* kellohelma
* luonnonhelma
* paidanhelma
* rimpsuhelma
* sivuhelma

### Further reading

* “helma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* Halme, halme

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëlma. Cognates include Finnish helma and Estonian hõlm.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈhelmɑ/, [ˈhe̞ɫm]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈhelmɑ/, [ˈhe̞ɫmɑ]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈhelmɑ/, [ˈhe̞ɫmɑ]
* Rhymes: -elm, -elmɑ
* Hyphenation: hel‧ma

### Noun

helma
* skirt, base, lap (part of clothing hanging below the waist)

#### Derived terms

* helmusti

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 55
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 34

## Old English
### Etymology

Cognate with Old Norse hjálm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxel.mɑ/, [ˈheɫ.mɑ]

### Noun

helma m
* helm (of boat), tiller

#### Declension

Weak:

#### Descendants

* English: helm

## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from German helm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦelma]

### Noun

helma f (relational adjective helmový, diminutive helmička, augmentative helmisko)
* helmet

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “helma”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025