# 落石
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luòshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lok$^6$ sek$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luòshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luòshíh
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^4$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: lwò-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohshyr
*** Palladius: лоши (loši)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^6$ sek$^6$
*** Yale: lohk sehk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^9$ sek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^6$ ség$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚² sɛːk̚²/

### Noun

落石
* fallen stones; falling rocks
    注意落石。 ― Zhùyì luòshí. ― Danger — falling rocks.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 落 | 石 |
| らく Grade: 3 | せき Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾa̠kɯ̟se̞kʲi]

#### Noun

落(らく)石(せき) • (rakuseki)
* fallen stones; falling rocks
** 2019 June 16, PuutanSS, “Rakuseki”, in YamaReco‎:
    自(じ)分(ぶん)が落(らく)石(せき)を起(お)こした場(ば)合(あい)や、落(らく)石(せき)を目(もく)撃(げき)した場(ば)合(あい)は、大(おお)声(ごえ)で「落(らく)石(せき)！」や「ラーク！」と叫(さけ)んで、周(しゅう)囲(い)の人(ひと)に知(し)らせるのが山(さん)行(こう)のマナー
       Jibun ga rakuseki o okoshita bāi ya, rakuseki o mokugeki shita bāi wa, ōgoe de “rakuseki!” ya “rāku!” to sakende, shūi no hito ni shiraseru no ga sankō no manā
       If you cause falling rocks, or if you see falling rocks, it is good climbing manners to shout in a loud voice “rakuseki!” or “rāku!” to warn people in the vicinity

#### Verb

落(らく)石(せき)する • (rakuseki suru) suru (stem 落(らく)石(せき)し (rakuseki shi), past 落(らく)石(せき)した (rakuseki shita))
* (of rocks or stones) to fall from a hill or cliff
** 2019, Zenkoku kyōdo Fuji-san: Fūfu futari tabi [Everybody's hometown, Mount Fuji: Married couple travels together]‎:
    下(くだ)りは必(かなら)ずかなり大(おお)きな石(いし)が落(らく)石(せき)するので 3(さん)人(にん)で1人(ひとり)ずつ下(お)りていて
       Kudari wa kanarazu kanari ōkina ishi ga rakuseki suru no de sannin de hitori zutsu orite-ite
       Since very large stones always fall during the decent, the three of us went down one at a time

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 落石し | らくせきし | rakuseki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 落石し | らくせきし | rakuseki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 落石する | らくせきする | rakuseki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 落石する | らくせきする | rakuseki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 落石すれ | らくせきすれ | rakuseki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 落石せよ¹ 落石しろ² | らくせきせよ¹ らくせきしろ² | rakuseki seyo¹ rakuseki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 落石される | らくせきされる | rakuseki sareru |
| Causative | 落石させる 落石さす | らくせきさせる らくせきさす | rakuseki saseru rakuseki sasu |
| Potential | 落石できる | らくせきできる | rakuseki dekiru |
| Volitional | 落石しよう | らくせきしよう | rakuseki shiyō |
| Negative | 落石しない | らくせきしない | rakuseki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 落石せず | らくせきせず | rakuseki sezu |
| Formal | 落石します | らくせきします | rakuseki shimasu |
| Perfective | 落石した | らくせきした | rakuseki shita |
| Conjunctive | 落石して | らくせきして | rakuseki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落石すれば | らくせきすれば | rakuseki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 落 | 石 |
| おち Grade: 3 | いし Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞t͡ɕiːɕi]

#### Proper noun

落(おち)石(いし) • (Ochīshi)
* a neighborhood of Monbetsu, Hokkaido prefecture
* an area near the base of Nemuro Peninsula in Nemuro city, Hokkaido prefecture

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 落 | 石 |
| おっちし ||
| Grade: 3 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞t̚t͡ɕiɕi]

#### Proper noun

落石(おっちし) • (Otchishi)
* former name of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia
* an area near the base of Nemuro Peninsula in Nemuro city, Hokkaido prefecture

##### Synonyms

* (Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky): アレクサンドロフスク・サハリンスキー (Arekusandorofusuku Saharinsukī), 亜港(あこう) (Akō)