# 豆蔻
## Chinese

* 豆蔻

### Etymology

Perhaps a variant of Tang-dynasty 多骨 (MC ta kwot), referring to cardamom imported from the Kakkola (伽古羅) country on the western coast of the Malaya Peninsula, which the Chinese from the eighth century thought produced both the nutmegs and the round cardamom (Amomum compactum), the latter possibly imported from Java (Donkin, 2003).
Compare Sanskrit तक्कोल (takkola, “a kind of perfume”), कक्कोल (kakkola, “a kind of plant; a perfume”), Pali takkola, Arabic قاقُلَّة (qāqulla, “cardamom”), Tibetan ཀ་ཀོ་ལ (ka ko la, “cardamom”), Javanese kapulaga.
Li Shizhen interprets this word as a compound of 豆 (“bean(-like)”) + 蔻 (“many; profusion”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòukòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ ㄎㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dau$^6$ kau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāu-khò͘ / tō͘-khò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòukòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄎㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòukòu
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$-kʻou$^4$
*** Yale: dòu-kòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowkow
*** Palladius: доукоу (doukou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^6$ kau$^3$
*** Yale: dauh kau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^6$ kau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^6$ keo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯²² kʰɐu̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-khò͘ / tō͘-khò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tāu-khòo / tōo-khòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dauxqox, doxqox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tau²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/, /tɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tau³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/, /tɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: duwH xuwH
Rime :
| Character | 豆 | 蔻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 田候切 | 呼漏切 |
| Baxter | duwH | xuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dəu$^H$/ | /həu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəu$^H$/ | /həu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dəu$^H$/ | /xəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəw$^H$/ | /həw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /du$^H$/ | /xu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dəu$^H$/ | /xəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱə̯u$^H$/ | /xə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dòu | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dau$^6$ | hau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːs qʰoːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 豆 | 豆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dòu | dòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duw$^H$ › | ‹ duw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N.t]ˁo-s/ | /*[d]ˁok-s/ |
| English | bean | vessel with a neck |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 豆 | 蔻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2466 | 7500 |
| Phonetic component | 豆 | 寇 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 蔻 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːs/ | /*qʰoːs/ |

### Noun

豆蔻
* cardamom, especially the round cardamom (Amomum compactum)
* Alternative name for 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu, “nutmeg”).
* (figurative) girl's teenage years (especially 13–14 years of age); maidenhood; budding beauty

#### Derived terms

* 小豆蔻 (xiǎodòukòu)
* 白豆蔻 (báidòukòu)
* 紅豆蔻 / 红豆蔻
* 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu)
* 草豆蔻
* 豆蔻年華 / 豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá)
* 豆蔻梢頭 / 豆蔻梢头
* 豆蔻酸