OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ì

| Ì | U+00CC, &#204; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE |
| Composition: | I [U+0049] + ◌̀ [U+0300] |
| ← Ë [U+00CB] | Latin-1 Supplement | Í → [U+00CD] |

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iː/

### Proper noun

Ì (genitive Idhe)
* Iona (a small island in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland).
    Synonyms: Eilean Ì, Ì Chaluim Chille

#### Related terms

* Ìdheach (“person from Iona; pertaining to Iona”)

## Slovene
### Etymology

Letter I with grave (◌̀) to signify short stressed vowel.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: /ˈî/, [ˈɪ̂], SNPT: /ȉ/
* (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: /ˈi/, [ˈɪ], SNPT: /ì/
Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
* (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: [ˈkɾàːtkí ˈíː], [ˈkɾàːtkí ˈìː], SNPT: [krátki ī] (kratki i)
* (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: [ˈkɾaːtki ˈiː], SNPT: [krátki í]
Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
* Rhymes: -iː (-í) (non-tonal)
* Hyphenation: Ì

### Letter

Ì (upper case, lower case ì)
* Additional letter, used to denote the short stress on I.

### See also

* I
* Ï
* Í

### References

* Toporišič, Jože (2000) Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. (in Slovene), Maribor: Obzorja, →ISBN

## Tlingit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iː/

### Letter

Ì (lower case ì)
* (Canada) A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    Synonym: Ee

#### See also

* Canada:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à, Â â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
* US:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /ɪ/

### Letter

Ì (lower case ì)
* The letter I, marked for its short vocalic pronunciation in monosyllabic words.
# ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

From ਪਾਕ (pāk, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) +‎ -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān, “-istan”), which derive from Classical Persian. The word was coined by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never issued on January 28, 1933, as an acronym of the names of the "Muslim homelands" of western India—Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan. An i was later added to the name to ease pronunciation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpäː.kɪs.t̪äːn/

### Proper noun

ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ • (pākistān) m (Shahmukhi spelling پاکستان)
* Pakistan (a country in South Asia)

#### Derived terms

* ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨੀ (pākistānī)

### See also

* ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਇਜਾਨ (azarbāijān)
* ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (afaġānistān)
* ਆਰਮੀਨੀਆ (āramīnīā)
* ਇਜ਼ਰਾਇਲ (izarāila)
* ਇਰਾਕ (irāk)
* ਇਰਾਨ (irān)
* ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆ (iṇḍoneśīā)
* ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕਿਸਤਾਨ (uzabekistān)
* ਉਮਾਨ (umān)
* ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ (uttarī korīā)
* ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ (kazāxistān)
* ਕਤਰ (katar)
* ਕਿਰਗਿਜ਼ਸਤਾਨ (kirgizastān)
* ਕੁਵੈਤ (kuvait)
* ਕੰਬੋਡੀਆ (kamboḍīā)
* ਚੀਨ (cīn)
* ਜਪਾਨ (japān)
* ਜਾਰਜੀਆ (jārjīā)
* ਜਾਰਡਨ (jārḍan)
* ਤਾਜਿਕਿਸਤਾਨ (tājikistān)
* ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ (turkamenistān)
* ਤੁਰਕੀ (turkī)
* ਥਾਈਲੈਂਡ (thāīlaiṇḍ)
* ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ (dakkhaṇī korīā)
* ਨੇਪਾਲ (nepāl)
* ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (pākistān)
* ਪੂਰਬੀ ਤਿਮੋਰ (pūrbī timor)
* ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ (philīpīnaz)
* ਬਰਮਾ (barmā)
* ਬਰੂਨਾਈ (barūnāī)
* ਬਹਿਰੀਨ (bahirīn)
* ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼ (baṅglādeś)
* ਭਾਰਤ (bhārat)
* ਭੂਟਾਨ (bhūṭān)
* ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ (maleśīā)
* ਮਾਲਦੀਵ (māldīv)
* ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ (maṅgolīā)
* ਯਮਨ (yaman)
* ਰੂਸ (rūs)
* ਲਾਉਸ (lāusa)
* ਲਿਬਨਾਨ (libnān)
* ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮ (vīatanām)
* ਸਾਇਪ੍ਰਸ (sāipras)
* ਸਾਊਦੀ ਅਰਬ (sāūdī arab)
* ਸਿੰਗਾਪੁਰ (siṅgāpur)
* ਸੀਰੀਆ (sīrīā)
* ਸ੍ਰੀਲੰਕਾ (srīlaṅkā)
* ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਅਰਬ ਅਮੀਰਾਤ (sãyukat arab amīrāt)

### References

* “ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ”, in Punjabipedia [ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੀਡੀਆ] (in Punjabi), Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# רוסיה
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

רוּסְיָה • (rúsya) f
* Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

### See also

* אִיטַלְיָה (itálya)
* אִיסלַנד (ísland)
* אִירְלַנְד (írland)
* אֶסְטוֹנְיָה (estónya)
* אַלְבַּנְיָה (albánya)
* אַנְדּוֹרָה (andóra)
* אַרְמֶנְיָה (arménya)
* אָזֶרְבַּיְיגָ׳ן (azerbayján)
* אוֹסְטְרִיָה (óstria)
* אוּקְרָאִינָה (ukraína)
* בֵּלָארוּס (belarús)
* בֶּלְגְּיָה (bélgya)
* בּוֹסְנִיָּה וְהֶרְצֶגוֹבִינָה (bosniya v'hertsegovina)
* בּוּלְגַּרְיָה (bulgárya)
* גֵּאוֹרְגִיָה (geórgya), גְּרוּזְיָה (grúzya)
* גֶּרְמַנְיָה (germánya)
* דֶּנְמַרְק (dénmark)
* הַמַמְלָכָה הַמְאֻחֶדֶת (hamamlakhá hameukhédet)
* הוֹלַנְד (hóland)
* הוּנְגַּרְיָה (hungárya)
* הוותיקן / הָוָתִיקָן (havatikán)
* טוּרְקְיָה (túrkya)
* יוון / יָוָן (yaván)
* לִיטָא (líta)
* לַטְבִיָה (látviya)
* לֻוקְסֶמְבּוּרְג (lúksemburg)
* ליכטנשטיין / לִיכְטֶנְשְׁטַיְן (líkhtenshtayn)
* מַלְטָה (málta)
* מָקֶדוֹנְיָה הַצְּפוֹנִית (makedónya hats'fonít)
* מוֹלְדוֹבָה (moldóva)
* מוֹנְטֶנֶגְרוֹ (montenégro)
* מוֹנָקוֹ (monáko)
* נורווגיה / נוֹרְבֶגְיָה (norvégya)
* סְלוֹבֶנְיָה (slovénya)
* סְלוֹבַקְיָה (slovákya)
* סְפָרַד (s'farád)
* סֶרְבְּיָה (sérbiya)
* סַן מָרִינוֹ (san marino)
* פִינְלַנְד (fínland)
* פּוֹלִין (polín)
* פּוֹרְטוּגָל (portugál)
* צֶ׳כְיָה (chékhya)
* צָרְפַת (tsarfát)
* קְרוֹאַטְיָה (kro'átya)
* קַפְרִיסִין (kafrisín)
* קָזַחְסְטָן (kazakhstán)
* קוֹסוֹבוֹ (kosovo)
* רוֹמַנְיָה (románya)
* רוּסְיָה (rúsya)
* שוודיה / שְׁוֶדְיָה (shvédya)
* שווייץ / שְׁוַיְץ (shváyts)

### Anagrams

* סוריה
# ŏ

| ŏ | U+014F, &#335; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE |
| Composition: | o [U+006F] + ◌̆ [U+0306] |
| ← Ŏ [U+014E] | Latin Extended-A | Ő → [U+0150] |

## English
### Symbol

ŏ
* (lexicography) A dictionary transcription for the LOT vowel

## Jarai
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ/

### Letter

ŏ (upper case Ŏ)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Jarai alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Verb

ŏ
* (intransitive) to throw up, vomit

#### See also

* mlun (“cause to throw up”) (transitive)

### References

* Siu, Lap Minh (2009 December) Developing the First Preliminary Dictionary of North American Jarai‎, Texas Tech University, page 97

## Silesian
### Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and ŏ for development of the glyph itself.

### Letter

ŏ (lower case, upper case Ŏ)
* The twentieth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
# Britishism
## English
### Alternative forms

* British-ism

### Etymology

From British +‎ -ism.

### Noun

Britishism (countable and uncountable, plural Britishisms)
* A word, phrase, idiom, or expression peculiar to the English language as spoken in Britain.
    Synonyms: Anglicism, Briticism
* The practice of British religion or culture.

#### Coordinate terms

* (dialectisms) dialectism; Americanism (Yankeeism, Yankism), Australianism, Britishism (anglicism, Briticism), Canadianism, Indianism, Irishism, Scotticism, southernism, New Zealandism

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “Britishism, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# Ливия
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlʲivʲɪjə]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Ли́вия • (Lívija) f inan (genitive Ли́вии, relational adjective ливи́йский)
* Libya (a country in North Africa)

#### Related terms

* ливи́ец m (livíjec), ливи́йка f (livíjka)

#### See also

* Три́поли m (Trípoli)
* Алжи́р (Alžír)
* Анго́ла (Angóla)
* Бени́н (Benín)
* Ботсва́на (Botsvána)
* Буркина́-Фасо́ (Burkiná-Fasó)
* Буру́нди (Burúndi)
* Габо́н (Gabón)
* Га́мбия (Gámbija)
* Га́на (Gána)
* Гвине́я (Gvinéja)
* Гвине́я-Биса́у (Gvinéja-Bisáu)
* Демократи́ческая Респу́блика Ко́нго (Demokratíčeskaja Respúblika Kóngo)
* Джибу́ти (Džibúti)
* Еги́пет (Jegípet)
* За́мбия (Zámbija)
* За́падная Саха́ра (Západnaja Saxára)
* Зимба́бве (Zimbábvɛ)
* Ка́бо-Ве́рде (Kábo-Vɛ́rdɛ)
* Камеру́н (Kamerún)
* Ке́ния (Kénija)
* Комо́рские острова́ (Komórskije ostrová)
* Ко̀т-д’Ивуа́р (Kòt-d’Ivuár)
* Лесо́то (Lesóto)
* Либе́рия (Libérija)
* Ли́вия (Lívija)
* Маври́кий (Mavríkij)
* Маврита́ния (Mavritánija)
* Мадагаска́р (Madagaskár)
* Мала́ви (Malávi)
* Мали́ (Malí)
* Маро́кко (Marókko)
* Мозамби́к (Mozambík)
* Нами́бия (Namíbija)
* Ни́гер (Níger) ~ Ниге́р (Nigér)
* Ниге́рия (Nigérija)
* Респу́блика Ко́нго (Respúblika Kóngo)
* Руа́нда (Ruánda)
* Сан-Томе́ и При́нсипи (San-Tomɛ́ i Prínsipi)
* Сейше́льские острова́ (Sejšélʹskije ostrová)
* Сенега́л (Senegál)
* Сомали́ (Somalí)
* Суда́н (Sudán)
* Сье́рра-Лео́не (Sʹjérra-Leónɛ)
* Танза́ния (Tanzánija)
* То́го (Tógo)
* Туни́с (Tunís)
* Уга́нда (Ugánda)
* Центра́льно-Африка́нская Респу́блика (Centrálʹno-Afrikánskaja Respúblika)
* Чад (Čad)
* Экваториа́льная Гвине́я (Ekvatoriálʹnaja Gvinéja)
* Эритре́я (Eritréja)
* Эсвати́ни (Esvatíni)
* Эфио́пия (Efiópija)
* Ю́жная А́фрика (Júžnaja Áfrika)
* Ю́жный Суда́н (Júžnyj Sudán)
# ஜ

| ஜ | U+0B9C, &#2972; TAMIL LETTER JA |
| [unassigned: U+0B9B] | [unassigned: U+0B9D] |
| ← ச [U+0B9A] | Tamil | ஞ → [U+0B9E] |

## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʑa/

### Letter

ஜ • (ja)
* One of the letters in the வடமொழி எழுத்துக்கள் (vaṭamoḻi eḻuttukkaḷ, “letters from the northern tongue”), used mainly in loanwords.

### See also

* Tamil script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): அ, ஆ, இ, ஈ, உ, ஊ, எ, ஏ, ஐ, ஒ, ஓ, ஔ, ஃ, க், ங், ச், ஞ், ட், ண், த், ந், ப், ம், ய், ர், ல், வ், ழ், ள், ற், ன், ஷ், ஸ், ஶ், ஜ், ஹ், க்ஷ், ஶ்ரீ
# ற

| ற | U+0BB1, &#2993; TAMIL LETTER RRA |
| ← ர [U+0BB0] | Tamil | ல → [U+0BB2] |

## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /ra/
* (single) IPA: /r/
* (when geminated) IPA: /rː/, [tr]
* (after nasals) IPA: /nr/, [ndr]

### Letter

ற • (ṟa)
* A consonantal letter of the Tamil script.

#### Usage notes

In spoken Tamil, however, its pronunciations have been increasingly indistinguishable with other consonants.
* Single ற் (ṟ) merges with ர் (r).
* Geminated ற்ற் (ṟṟ) merges with த்த் (tt).
* Postnasal ன்ற் (ṉṟ) usually merges with ண்ண் (ṇṇ), although at least in Sri Lanka or Sanketi dialect, it may merge with ண்ட் (ṇṭ) instead.

### See also

* Tamil script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): அ, ஆ, இ, ஈ, உ, ஊ, எ, ஏ, ஐ, ஒ, ஓ, ஔ, ஃ, க், ங், ச், ஞ், ட், ண், த், ந், ப், ம், ய், ர், ல், வ், ழ், ள், ற், ன், ஷ், ஸ், ஶ், ஜ், ஹ், க்ஷ், ஶ்ரீ
# kezes
## Hungarian
### Etymology

kéz (“hand”) +‎ -es

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛzɛʃ]
* Hyphenation: ke‧zes
* Rhymes: -ɛʃ

### Adjective

kezes (comparative kezesebb, superlative legkezesebb)
* (of animals) tame, tamed, tractable, compliant, obliging, meek
    Synonyms: szelíd, jámbor, engedelmes, kezelhető, irányítható, szófogadó
    olyan, mint a kezes bárány ― as gentle as a lamb

#### Coordinate terms

* (adjectival derivatives of body parts) testes, agyas, ajakos, arcos, artériás, bajszos/bajuszos, béles/beles, bokás, bordás, bőrös, bundás, combos, csontos, csőrös, derekas, emlős, eres, farkas, fejes, fenekes, fogas, füles, gerinces, gyapjas, gyomros, hajas, hájas, hasas, hátas, homlokos, húsos, ideges, inas, izmos, karos, kebles, körmös, kezes, lábas/lábos, májas, melles, nyakas, nyálas, nyelves, orros, patás, pikkelyes, pocakos, pofás, porcos, ráncos, sarkos, szájas, szakállas, szárnyas, szarvas, szemölcsös, szemöldökös, szemes, szerves, szíves, szőrös, talpas, tenyeres, térdes, tollas, torkos, tüdős, ujjas, vállas, vénás, véres; (of plants) ágas, gyökeres, héjas, leveles, lombos, magos, száras, virágos

#### Derived terms

* balkezes

### Noun

kezes (plural kezesek)
* guarantor (a person or company which gives a guarantee)
* surety (if cash payment is involved; often specified as készfizető kezes or készpénzfizető kezes)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* (tame, tractable, obliging): kezes in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (guarantor, surety): kezes in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# Tidwine
## Old English
### Etymology

From Old English tīd (“time”) + wine (“friend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtiːdˌwi.ne/

### Proper noun

Tīdwine m
* a male given name

#### Declension

Strong i-stem:

### References

* Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: Nec Non Obituaria Duo Ejusdem Ecclesiae (Durham Liber Vitae) page 40, line 10, recorded as "Tiduini"
# даьӏахк
## Chechen
### Alternative forms

* деӏэхк class jj (deˀexk) — Cheberloi
* даьӏарк class jj (däˀark) — Itumkala

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daHexḳ. Cognates include Ingush тӏехк class jj (tʼexk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdæʡaχk/

### Noun

даьӏахк • (däˀaxk) class jj
* bone

### References

* Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “даьӏахк”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 94a
# sutilis
## Latin
### Etymology

From sūt- (perfect passive participial stem of suō (“to sew, stitch”)) +‎ -ilis (suffix forming adjectives).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsuː.ti.lis/, [ˈs̠uːt̪ɪlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsu.ti.lis/, [ˈsuːt̪ilis]

### Adjective

sūtilis (neuter sūtile); third-declension two-termination adjective
* sewn, bound or fastened together

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Related terms

* suō
* sūtēla
* sūtor
* sūtōrīcius
* sūtōrius
* sūtrīballus
* sūtrīna
* sūtrīnum
* sūtrīnus
* sūtrīx
* sūtum
* sūtūra

#### Descendants

* Portuguese: sútil

### References

* “sutilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sutilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* sutilis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# lëpińc
## Kashubian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɜ.piɲt͡s/
* Rhymes: -ɜpiɲt͡s
* Syllabification: lë‧pińc

### Noun

lëpińc m inan
* (neologism) July
    Synonyms: lipc, miodownik, lipiec

#### Coordinate terms

* stëczéń, stëcznik, zetnik
* gromicznik, luti
* strëmiannik
* łżëkwiat, kwiecéń
* czerwińc, czerwc
* lëpińc, lipc
* serzpiéń, zélnik
* séwnik, wrzeséń
* rujan, brzadownik, pajicznik, paklepnik, pazdzérznik
* lëstopadnik, lëstopôd
* gòdnik, grëdzéń

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “lipiec”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “lëpińc”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# քծնել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian քծնիմ (kʻcnim).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰət͡sˈnel/, [kʰət͡snél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kəd͡zˈnel/, [kʰəd͡znél]

### Verb

քծնել • (kʻcnel)
* to be obsequious (towards); to fawn (upon), to cringe (to)

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

## Old Armenian
### Verb

քծնել • (kʻcnel)
* infinitive of քծնիմ (kʻcnim)
# forår
## Danish
### Etymology

From for- (“fore-”) +‎ år (“year”), calque of Middle Low German vorjār.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɒːˌɒːˀ/, [ˈfɒ̝ːˌɒ̝ˀ], [ˈfɔːˌɔˀ]

### Noun

forår n (singular definite foråret, plural indefinite forår)
* (season) spring
    Synonym: vår (poetic)

#### Declension
### References

* “forår” in Den Danske Ordbog
* forår on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* seasons: årstider: forår · sommer · efterår · vinter
Seasons in Danish · årstider (layout · text) · category :
| forår (“spring”) | sommer (“summer”) | efterår (“autumn”) | vinter (“winter”) |
# 께다
## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽k͈eta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [k͈eda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [께다]

### Verb

께다 (kkeda)
* to break; to smash; to shatter, to crack
# 나데읏다
## Jeju
### Alternative forms

* 나디읏다 (nadieutda)

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽nateɨsta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [na̠deɨt̚t͈a̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [나데읃따]

### Adjective

나데읏다 (nadeeutda)
* to be weak and without energy
# 나라
## Jeju
### Etymology

From Old Korean 國惡 (*NALak). Cognate with Korean 나라 (nara).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽nala⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [na̠ɾa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [나라]

### Noun

나라 (nara)
* country, nation, kingdom

## Korean
### Etymology 1

In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 나랗〮 (Yale: nàláh), from Old Korean 國惡 (*NALak). Compare Yukjin dialect 나랑 (narang), which preserves the velar nature of the coda consonant.
Beyond Koreanic, the word is usually connected to Proto-Tungusic *nā (“land”), and hence Manchu ᠨᠠ (na, “land”) and Nanai на (na, “land”), with *lak~*lah being a suffix. Also cf. -tah in Middle Korean ᄯᅡᇂ (stah, “ground, land”) > Korean 땅 (ttang, “ibid.”) and -lk in Middle Korean ᄒᆞᆰ (holk, “earth, soil”) > Korean 흙 (heuk, “ibid.”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠ɾa̠]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [나라]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 나라의 / 나라에 / 나라까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

#### Noun

나라 • (nara)
* country, nation
    Synonym: 국가(國家) (gukga)
    러시아는 세계에서 제일 큰 나라다.Reosia-neun segye-eseo jeil keun nara-da.Russia is the largest country in the world.
* government
    이건 나라가 준 돈이야.Igeon nara-ga jun don-iya.This is money that the government gave me.

##### Derived terms

* 꿈나라 (kkumnara)
* 나라님 (naranim)
* 나라말 (naramal)
* 나랏돈 (naratdon)
* 달나라 (dallara)
* 별나라 (byeollara)
* 섬나라 (seomnara)
* 우리나라 (urinara)
* 하늘나라 (haneullara)

##### See also

* 國 (guk), the hanja for "country"

#### Suffix

—나라 • (-nara)
* (history) Chinese dynasty
    건륭제는 청나라의 황제였다.Geollyungje-neun Cheong-nara-ui hwangje-yeotda.Qianlong emperor was an emperor of the Qing dynasty.

##### Usage notes

* Used only for historical Chinese polities with single-syllable names. Thus 송(宋)나라 (Song-nara, “Song dynasty”) but simply 북송(北宋) (Buksong, “Northern Song”). *북송나라 (*Buksong-nara) is ungrammatical.

### Etymology 2

From Japanese 奈良 (Nara).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠ɾa̠]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [나라]

#### Proper noun

나라 • (Nara)
* Nara (a city in Japan)

### References

* ↑ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 24

## Middle Korean
### Noun

나라〮 (nàlá)
* Isolated form spelling of 나랗〮 (nàláh, “country”)
# 노피
## Jeju
### Etymology

From 노프— (nopeu-, “high, tall”) + —이 (-i, “nominalisation suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽nopʰi⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [nopʰi]
* Phonetic hangul: [노피]

### Noun

노피 (nopi)
* height
# 놀다
## Jeju
### Etymology

Cognate to Korean 놀다 (nolda).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽nolta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [noɭda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [놀다]

### Verb

놀다 (nolda)
* to play, to frolic

#### Derived terms

* 놀이개 (norigae, “play, game; plaything, toy”)

#### Related terms

* 놀래 (nollae, “song”)

## Korean
### Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 놀〯다〮 (Yale: nwǒl-tá), from pre-MK *nwòló-. In the Old Korean stage when the language distinguished the liquid consonants, the consonant in this stem was a lateral */l/ and not a rhotic */ɾ/ (Ramsey 1991; Ramsey 2008).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈno̞(ː)ɭda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [놀(ː)다]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Verb

놀다 • (nolda) (infinitive 놀아, sequential 노니)
* (intransitive) to play, to hang out
    어디 놀러 가자. ― Eodi nolleo gaja. ― Let's go hang out somewhere.
    지난 주말에 친구들이랑 놀았어요. ― Jinan jumar-e chin'gu-deur-irang norasseoyo. ― Last weekend, I hung out with my friends.
* (intransitive) to frolic, to move about gaily
    잉어가 연못에서 논다. ― Ing'eo-ga yeonmos-eseo nonda. ― The carps frolic in the pond.
* (intransitive) (of a person or institution) to not work (e.g. due to vacation or unemployment); (of an object) to be unused or out of operation
    짤리고 나서 일자리를 찾기는커녕 매일 빈둥빈둥 놀기만 한다.Jjalligo naseo iljari-reul chatgi-neun-keonyeong maeil bindungbindung nolgi-man handa.After being fired, far from looking for work, all he does is laze about.
    너무 놀았더니 피아노 감을 잃었다.Neomu noratdeoni piano gam-eul ireotda.After taking a break for too long, I've lost touch with the piano.
    놀던 컴퓨터로 비트코인을 채굴하기 시작했다.Noldeon keompyuteo-ro biteukoin-eul chaegulhagi sijakhaetda.They have started to mine for bitcoins with computers that had been unused.
* (intransitive) to behave delinquently or indecently
    노는 애들 ― noneun ae-deul ― the delinquent kids
* (intransitive) Used to refer vaguely to any action, typically with a sarcastic, disparaging connotation.
    놀고 있네. ― Nolgo inne. ― What a joke they are. (literally, “They are playing.”)
* (intransitive, dated, of a body part) to move without difficulty
* (transitive, dated, rare) to hold (a performance or similar event)
* (transitive, dated, rare) to use in gambling or a game of luck

#### Derived terms

* 가지고 놀다 (gajigo nolda, “to toy with”)
* 노리개 (norigae, “plaything, toy”)
* 논다니 (nondani, “prostitute, courtesan”)
* 놀리다 (nollida, “to allow someone to play”)
* 놀아나다 (noranada, “to take to fast living, to become a playboy”)
* 놀음 (noreum, “play, merrymaking, spree”)
* 놀이 (nori, “play, game, sport”)
* 뛰놀다 (ttwinolda, “to romp, to frisk”)

#### Related terms

* 노닐다 (nonilda)
* 노래 (norae, “song”)
* 노름 (noreum, “gambling”)
* 노릇 (noreut, “job, duty”)
# 도왜다
## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽toweta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [toweda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [도웨다]

### Verb

도왜다 (dowaeda)
* (transitive) to help; to contribute
# 독ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆸ
## Jeju
### Etymology

Of native Jeju origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽tokmɒlɒp⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [toŋmɒɾɒp̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [동ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆸ]

### Noun

독ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆸ (dokmawrawp)
* knee
# 동골동골
## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽toŋkoltoŋkol⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [toŋɡoɭdoŋɡoɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [동골동골]

### Ideophone

동골동골 (donggoldonggol)
* (of a small object) round

#### Synonyms

* 둥굴둥굴 (dungguldunggul) (of a large object)
# 뒹글다
## Jeju
### Alternative forms

* 둥을다 (dung'eulda)

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽twiŋkɨlta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [twiŋɡɨɭda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [뒹글다]

### Adjective

뒹글다 (dwinggeulda)
* to be round, circular

#### See also

* 둥그락ᄒᆞ다 (dunggeurakhawda, “to be circular”), 동그레미 (donggeuremi, “circle”)
# 매비
## Jeju
### Etymology

Cognate with Korean 매부 (maebu).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽mæpi⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [mæbi] ~ [mebi]
* Phonetic hangul: [매비/메비]

### Noun

매비 (maebi)
* brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)
# 멋싯다
## Jeju
### Etymology

Cognate with Korean 멋있다 (meositda). Compare 맛싯다 (matsitda).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽məssista⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [məɕɕ͈it̚t͈a̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [먿씯따]

### Adjective

멋싯다 (meotsitda)
* wonderful, nice, cool
* good-looking, handsome, attractive
# 멩령
## Jeju
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 命令.

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽meŋljəŋ⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [meŋɲjəŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [멩녕]

### Noun

멩령 (mengnyeong)
* order, command
# 미여이ᄒᆞ다
## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽mijəihɒta⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [mijəiɦɒda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [미여이ᄒᆞ다]

### Verb

미여이ᄒᆞ다 (miyeoihawda)
* to hate, to dislike

#### Synonyms

* 미워ᄒᆞ다 (miwohawda)