# pani
## Angloromani
### Alternative forms

* pali, pan, panni, pawni

### Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpʰaːniː], [ˈpʰæːni], [ˈpʰɑːni], [pʰaːniː], [ˈpʰɑni], [ˈpʰaniː], [ˈpɑːnɪ], [ˈpʰæni]

### Noun

pani
* water
    Synonyms: mungri, pia
* brook
* drink
* tea
* pond
* lake
* sea
    Synonyms: bawro pani, bori lun pani, lon bori pani
* rain
* river
    Synonym: boro pani
* tears
* urine
    Synonym: mutter

#### Derived terms

* adra pani paddi
* bawro pani
* bitchadipani
* bitti panni
* boro pani
* drow pani jal
* duvla's pani
* fowkidelallipani
* jal adrey the pani
* javvomaley o pani
* kalapani
* kawlopanigav
* kora pani
* lel adrey tatta pani
* padallepani
* pani kekkavva
* pani puvvengri gav
* pani totteras
* pani-beng
* pani-kenna
* pani-yokkeris
* panigav
* paningramush
* panniengro
* panying
* shokkapani
* tattapani

### References

* “pani”, in Angloromani Dictionary‎, The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, page 158

## Balkan Romani
### Noun

pani m
* (Bugurdži, Crimea, Kosovo Arli, Macedonian Arli, Sepečides, Sofia Erli, Ursari) water
    Synonym: (Crimea) panisi

#### Derived terms

* brišindeskoro pani
* londalo pani
* panjalo
* parime pani
* paňeskoro peribe
* pimaskoro pani
* pivdo pani

## Baltic Romani
### Alternative forms

* paňi (Lotfitka)
* panî (Xaladitka)

### Noun

pani m
* (Litovska) water
    Synonym: (Latvia) paaňing

#### Derived terms

* brîšîndêskiro pani
* londo panî
* paaňing
* paaňingalò
* panitko
* panîprolîdžjaibnîtko

## Carpathian Romani
### Alternative forms

* paani, paaňi (Romungro)
* paj (Burgenland)
* paji, paňi (Gurvari, Hungarian Vend)
* paň (Hungarian Vend)
* páni (Veršend)
* pauňi (Prekmurski)

### Noun

pani m
* (Burgenland, East Slovakia, Gurvari) water
* (East Slovakia) sweat, perspiration
* (Gurvari) river, lake

#### Derived terms

* ačhilo pani
* baro pani
* brišind pani
* brišindeskero páňi
* cikno pani
* fruxtakero paj
* jagalo pani
* jarkos paňeske
* londo paňi
* mulano pani
* pajeskeri realina
* pajeskero drom
* pajeskero dudum
* pajeskero kanal
* pajeskero peripe
* pajeskero štrol
* paňalo
* paňardo
* paňarel
* paňariben
* paňaľi dudum
* paňaľipen
* paňeskero
* pelopaňi
* čhivel pes andro pani
* čhordino pani
* čikalo pani

## Erromintxela
### Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pani/

### Noun

pani
* water
    Synonym: panina
* sea
    Synonym: panina baru

### References

* Alexandre Baudrimont (1862) “pani”, in Vocabulaire de la langue des Bohémiens habitant les pays basques français [Vocabulary of the language of the Roma living in the French Basque Country], Bordeaux: G. Gounouilhou, →OCLC

## Estonian
### Verb

pani
* third-person singular past indicative of panema

## Finnish
### Verb

pani
* third-person singular past indicative of panna

### Anagrams

* apin, pain, pian

## Halbi
### Noun

pani
* water

### References

* Ronald L. Trail, Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal 4: Word lists (1973), Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields 41(4), page 17

## Ido
### Noun

pani
* plural of pano

## Italian
### Noun

pani m
* plural of pane

### Anagrams

* Pina, pian, pina

## Javanese
### Romanization

pani
* Romanization of ꦥꦤꦶ

## Kavalan
### Noun

pani
* bow (for shooting)
* knitting tool (shuttle)

## Latin
### Noun

pānī
* dative singular of pānis

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *pani (cognates include Hawaiian poni “to anoint, to daub in oil”, Tongan pani “to smear, to daub in oil; to stain; to cover with oil”, Samoan pani “to dye”, Fijian vani “to oil one's hair [by passing through fingers]”).

### Verb

pani (passive pania)
* to smear, to spread across
* to daub
* to paint
* to apply (of medicine)
* to frost (of cakes)

### Noun

pani
* paint
* polish

### References

* ↑ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 311
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “pani.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 100-1

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “pani”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 299
* “pani” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanьji. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /pani/
* IPA: (15th CE) /pani/

### Noun

pani f (male equivalent pan)
* (attested in Greater Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (master of a feudal manor)
** 1959 [1389], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 63, Poznań:Jaco pani szastauila swe dobro i cupila trzeczø czanscz Kuropatnik[Jako pani zastawiła swe dobro i kupiła trzecią część Kuropatnik]
* (attested in Greater Poland) form of respect for non-noblewomen
** 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 69:Hannus zalowal na panyą Anną[Hannusz żałował na panią Annę]
* female equivalent of pan (“wife, especially one of a castellan”)
** 1861 [1398], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi‎, volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 34:Tekdi gdi stala ossada pane bytgostkey hy Paskowa, tedi poslali comornika hy vosnego do paney hy do Paska[Tegdy gdy stała osada panie bydgostkiej i Paszkowa, tedy posłali komornika hi woźnego do paniej hi do Paszka]
* (attested in Lesser Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (owner of land)
** 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 122, 3:Yako oczy poselkyney w røkv *pøney (dominae) swogey, tako oczy nasze kv panv bogv[Jako oczy posełkiniej w ręku paniej (dominae) swojej, tako oczy nasze ku Panu Bogu]
* (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) female equivalent of pan (“lady, woman”) (female human)
** 1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole‎, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 74:Tako panna yako pany ma to wedecz, czszo szø gany[Tako panna jako pani ma to wiedzieć, cso się gani]

#### Related terms

* panieński
* panoski
* panow
* panowski
* panicz
* paniczek
* panieństwo
* panię
* panostwo
* panosza
* panoszka
* panowanie
* państwo
* panać impf
* paniać impf
* (impf) panować

#### Descendants

* Polish: pani
** → Belarusian: па́ні (páni)
** → Russian: па́ни (páni)
** → Ukrainian: па́ні (páni)
** → Yiddish: פּאַני (pani)
* Silesian: pani

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pani”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “pani”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pani”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish pani.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.ɲi/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈpa.ɲi/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲi
* Syllabification: pa‧ni
* Homophone: Pani

### Noun

pani f (male equivalent pan)
* female equivalent of pan (“woman”) (specific female person, especially one unknown to the speaker)
* female equivalent of pan (“Mrs; miss”) (title before a last name)
* female equivalent of pan (“mistress, lady”) (person with power over something)
* female equivalent of pan (“madam”) (rich, well-presenting person)
* female equivalent of pan (“lady”) (master of a house)
* female equivalent of pan (“teacher”)
* (Middle Polish) female equivalent of pan (“protector”)
    Synonym: protektorka
* (Middle Polish) female equivalent of pan (“owner”)
    Synonym: właścicielka
* (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) female equivalent of pan (“mother”)
    Synonym: matka

### Pronoun

pani f (masculine pan)
* female equivalent of pan (“you”) (polite second person f nominative, it takes verbs as third-person sg form)
    Coordinate terms: pan, państwo

#### Declension
### See also

* pański, twój
* pan
* panna
* państwo
* Appendix:Polish pronouns

### Descendants

* → Belarusian: па́ні (páni)
* → Russian: па́ни (páni)
* → Ukrainian: па́ні (páni)
* → Yiddish: פּאַני (pani)

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pani is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 7 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 4 times in essays, 102 times in fiction, and 538 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 656 times, making it the 71st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “pani”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 354

### Further reading

* pani in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pani in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pani”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Paweł Kupiszewski (15.06.2020) “PANI”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “pani”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pani”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pani”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 34
* pani in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “pani”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 137

## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* pana (Cuzco-Collao)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.nɪ/

### Noun

pani
* (Ayacucho) sister of a man

#### Coordinate terms

* turiwawqiñaña

## Romani
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅 (pāṇīa), from Sanskrit पानीय (pānīya). Cognates include Gujarati પાણી (pāṇī), Marwari पाणी (pāṇī), Sindhi پَاڻِي (pāṇī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ˈni/

### Noun

pani m inan (nominative plural panǎ)
* water
    O pani si maj śudro akana.The water is colder now.

#### Derived terms

* baro pani

#### Descendants

* Angloromani: pani, pali, pan, panni, pawni
* Caló: pañí
** → Spanish: pañí
* Erromintxela: pani
* Tavringer Romani: pani
* Traveller Norwegian: pani
* Traveller Scottish: pani
* → Yenish: pani

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pānīˊya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 456
* 1 2 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “paní”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 207b
* 1 2 Yaron Matras (2002) Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 27, 39
* ↑ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o pan/i¹, -ěs- m. -ǎ, -ěn-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 264b
* ↑ Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “pan/i, -ǎ”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 153a

## Samoan
### Noun

pani
* bun

## Sardinian
### Alternative forms

* pane (Logudorese)

### Etymology

From Latin pānis (“bread”).

### Noun

pani
* bread

## Sicilian
### Etymology

From Latin pānis, pānem (“bread”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpa.nɪ]
* Hyphenation: pà‧ni

### Noun

pani m (plural pani)
* bread
** 1905, Reinhold Rost, The Lord's prayer in five hundred languages, page 135:Danni oggi lu nostru pani quotidianu.Give us this day our daily bread.

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish pani.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.ɲi/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲi
* Syllabification: pa‧ni

### Noun

pani f (male equivalent pōn)
* female equivalent of pōn (“woman”)
    Synonyms: kobiyta, żyńskŏ
* formal way of addressing a woman; female equivalent of pōn (“lady”)
* female equivalent of pōn (“lord, mistress”)

### Further reading

* pani in silling.org

## Sinte Romani
### Noun

pani m
* Alternative form of paňi (“water; river, lake”)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanьji.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaɲi/

### Noun

pani f (declension pattern of pani, male equivalent pán)
* lady
* (not inflected) Mrs or Lady

#### Usage notes

When following a name, the word pani is not inflected.

#### Related terms

* panička
* panovať

### Further reading

* “pani”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English funny.

### Adjective

pani
* funny

## Traveller Norwegian
### Etymology

Inherited from Romani pani.

### Noun

pani
* water
* river
* lake
* brook
* dew

### References

* “pani” in Norwegian Romani Dictionary.
* “pani” in Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok, Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket.

## Venetan
### Noun

pani
* plural of pan

## Vlax Romani
### Noun

pani m
* Lovara form of paj (“water, lake, river”)

## Welsh Romani
### Noun

pani m
* water
* body of water, river, lake, stream, sea

#### Derived terms

* ačilo pani
* ačimasko pani
* bara parl o pani
* bita pani
* doriavesko pani
* dråpa pani
* Glanhavrenako Pani
* južo pani
* kerado pani
* Khamesko Pani
* Kurunako Pani
* kåle-givesko pani
* Kålo Pani
* londo pani
* me-dir-dêb'lesko pani
* mui o pani
* mulo pani
* paniengo
* panieskeri
* panieskero
* paniesko
* Piriako Pani
* prastilo pani
* pårno pani
* Pårno Pani
* påš tablo pani
* randžedo pani
* rigerdo pani
* Rustako Pani
* tablo pani
* Talal o Pani
* tato pani
* thabno pani
* Thudesko Pani
* trautengo pani
* Trašavimasko Pani
* Vålšenengo Pani
* xoro pani
* xuxuňengo pani
* čikalo pani
* šidro pani
* šilalo pani

### References

* “pani” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.n̪i/

### Noun

pani
* the buttocks
    Synonym: gua

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Yenish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Romani pani.

### Noun

pani
* water

### References

* Lützenhardter - Wörterbuch, page 22
* Christian Efing, Jenisch unter Schaustellern (2004), page 104