OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# այնքան
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* էնքան (ēnkʻan) — colloquial, Eastern Armenian

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian այնքան (aynkʻan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑjnˈkʰɑn/, [ɑjŋkʰɑ́n], /ˈɑjnkʰɑn/, [ɑ́jŋkʰɑn]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑjnˈkɑn/, [ɑjŋkʰɑ́n], /ˈɑjnkɑn/, [ɑ́jŋkʰɑn]

### Adverb

այնքան • (aynkʻan)
* that much, that long
    Synonym: այնչափ (aynčʻapʻ)
    Այնքան դրամ է մեզ պետք։ ― Aynkʻan dram ē mez petkʻ. ― We need that much money:
    Կտանք այնքան, որքան հարկավոր է։ ― Ktankʻ aynkʻan, orkʻan harkavor ē. ― We will give as much as is necessary.
    Այնքան չեմ կարող մնալ: ― Aynkʻan čʻem karoġ mnal: ― I can not stay for that long.
* so much
    Այնքա՜ն աշխատանք ունեմ անելու։ ― Aynkʻa$^!$n ašxatankʻ unem anelu. ― I have so much work to do.

#### See also

* այդքան (aydkʻan)
* այսքան (ayskʻan)
# կաթսա
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կաթսայ (katʻsay), from Classical Syriac ܩܕܣܐ (qadsā, qaddəsā), from Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos), of Semitic origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑtʰˈsɑ/, [kɑtʰsɑ́]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑtˈsɑ/, [ɡɑtʰsɑ́]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

կաթսա • (katʻsa) (traditional orthography spelling կաթսայ)
* kettle, cauldron
# Eburia
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Etymology

Latin ebur (“ivory”) +‎ -ia f.

### Proper noun

Eburia f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Cerambycidae – certain borer beetles.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Hexapoda – subphylum; Insecta – class; Pterygota – subclass; Neoptera – infraclass; Holometabola – superorder; Coleoptera – order; Polyphaga – suborder; Cucujiformia – infraorder; Chrysomeloidea – superfamily; Cerambycidae – family; Cerambycinae – subfamily; Eburiini – tribe

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Eburia (Coeleburia), Eburia (Drymo), Eburia (Eburia), Eburia (Eleutho) – subgenera
** Eburia quadrimaculata – type species

#### Derived terms

* Simplexeburia
# paleomyrmecologist
## English
### Etymology

From paleo- +‎ myrmecologist.

### Noun

paleomyrmecologist (plural paleomyrmecologists)
* One who studies paleomyrmecology.
# サヨ
## Ainu
### Noun

サヨ • (sayo)
* thin rice porridge

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014
# daí
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* dahi, d'ahi (pre-standardization spelling)
* dahy, d'ahy (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /daˈi/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɐˈi/
* Hyphenation: da‧í

### Contraction

daí
* Contraction of de aí (“from there (near you)”)
    Antonym: daqui
    Jogue a bola daí.Throw the ball from there.
* (Brazil) then, afterwards
    Synonyms: aí, então
    Daí ele saiu correndo.Then he ran away.
* (dialectal, Southern Brazil) used after finishing a sentence; then, afterwards (Can we verify this sense?)
    Podíamos jantar juntos amanhã, daí.We could dine together tomorrow, then.

#### See also

Portuguese demonstratives :
| | | Pronouns | Pronouns | Pronouns | Pronouns | Pronouns | Adverbs |
| | | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Neuter | Adverbs |
| | | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Adverbs |
| Proximal | X | este | esta | estes | estas | isto | aqui, cá |
| Proximal | de + X | deste | desta | destes | destas | disto | daqui |
| Proximal | em + X | neste | nesta | nestes | nestas | nisto | — |
| Medial | X | esse | essa | esses | essas | isso | aí |
| Medial | de + X | desse | dessa | desses | dessas | disso | daí |
| Medial | em + X | nesse | nessa | nesses | nessas | nisso | — |
| Distal | X | aquele | aquela | aqueles | aquelas | aquilo | ali, lá, acolá |
| Distal | de + X | daquele | daquela | daqueles | daquelas | daquilo | dali, dacolá |
| Distal | em + X | naquele | naquela | naqueles | naquelas | naquilo | — |
| Distal | a + X | àquele | àquela | àqueles | àquelas | àquilo | — |
| Anaphoric | X | o | a | os | as | — | — |
| Anaphoric | de + X | do | da | dos | das | — | — |
| Anaphoric | em + X | no | na | nos | nas | — | — |
| Anaphoric | a + X | ao | à | aos | às | — | — |
# Bloedow
## English
### Proper noun

Bloedow
* A surname.
# వేంకటనాథుడు
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* వేంకటనాథుఁడు (vēṅkaṭanāthun̆ḍu)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit वेङ्कट (veṅkaṭa) + नाथ (nātha) +‎ -డు (-ḍu).

### Proper noun

వేంకటనాథుడు • (vēṅkaṭanāthuḍu) ?
* name of the god on the Tirumala hills

#### Synonyms

* వేంకటేశుడు (vēṅkaṭēśuḍu), వేంకటేశ్వరుడు (vēṅkaṭēśvaruḍu), శ్రీనివాసుడు (śrīnivāsuḍu)
# εσώψυχα
## Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈso.psi.xa/
* Hyphenation: ε‧σώ‧ψυ‧χα

### Adjective

εσώψυχα • (esópsycha)
* neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural of εσώψυχος (esópsychos)

### Noun

εσώψυχα • (esópsycha) n pl
* innermost feelings/thoughts
# պատահար
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian պատահար (patahar).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑtɑˈhɑɾ/, [pɑtɑhɑ́ɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑdɑˈhɑɾ/, [bɑdɑhɑ́ɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

պատահար • (patahar)
* incident; event; accident
* (physics) event

#### Related terms

* պատահել (patahel)
* պատահականություն (patahakanutʻyun)
# Macleaya
## Translingual
### Etymology

After Alexander Macleay +‎ -a

### Proper noun

Macleaya f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Papaveraceae – plume poppy, of east Asia.
* A taxonomic subgenus within the family Culicidae – Aedes (Macleaya).

#### Hypernyms

* (genus in Papaveraceae): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots – clades; Ranunculales – order; Papaveraceae – family; Papaveroideae – subfamily; Chelidonieae – tribe
* (genus in Culicidae): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Hexapoda – subphylum; Insecta – class; Pterygota – subclass; Neoptera – infraclass; Holometabola – superorder; Diptera – order; Nematocera – suborder; Culicomorpha – infraorder; Culicoidea – superfamily; Culicidae – family; Culicinae – subfamily; Aedini – tribe; Aedes – genus

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Macleaya cordata – type species; Macleaya microcarpa – other species; Macleaya × kewensis – nothospecies

### References
#### in Papaveraceae

* Macleaya on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Macleaya on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Macleaya on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Macleaya at the Catalogue of Life

#### in Culicidae

* Macleaya at the Catalogue of Life
# ܒܕܘܩܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

* Root
* ܒ ܕ ܩ (b d q)
* 3 terms
Active noun noun of ܒܵܕ݂ܹܩ (bāḏēq, “to check”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [bɑːðoːqɑː]

### Noun

ܒܵܕ݂ܘܿܩܵܐ • (bāḏōqā) m (plural ܒܵܕ݂ܘܿܩܹ̈ܐ (bāḏōqē), feminine ܒܵܕ݂ܘܿܩܬܵܐ (bāḏōqtā))
* checker, auditor, inspector
    Synonyms: ܥܵܩܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ (ˁāqōḇā), ܡܨܲܚܨܝܵܢܵܐ (mṣaḥṣyānā)
# úzus
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuːzus]

### Noun

úzus m inan
* usage, custom, habit
    Synonym: zvyk

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “úzus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “úzus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# stapelen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch stapelen, borrowed from Middle Low German stapelen, related to the noun stapel, from Old Saxon stapol (“basis, pillar, foundation”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstaː.pə.lə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sta‧pe‧len

### Verb

stapelen
* (transitive) to pile, to stack
* (intransitive, particularly of secondary and tertiary education, Netherlands) to complete multiple tracks/variants of education at the same educational level (i.e. at secondary or tertiary education)

#### Derived terms

* stapelaar
* stapelbaar
* stapelbed
* stapelcontainer
* stapeldiagram
* stapeling
* stapelledikant
* stapelstoel
* stapeltaart
* stapeltoren
* opstapelen

#### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: stapel

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃtˈaːpələn]

### Verb

stapelen (third-person singular present stapelt, past participle gestapelt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (transitive) to stack, to pile up

#### Synonyms

* tässelen
# администратор
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian администра́тор (administrátor) and German Administrator, both from Latin administrātor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐdminiˈstrator]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

администра́тор • (administrátor) m (feminine администра́торка, relational adjective администра́торски)
* male administrator, male manager
    Synonyms: управител (upravitel), ръководител (rǎkovoditel)
* male reception clerk, male receptionist

#### Related terms

* администра́ция (administrácija)
* администри́рам (administríram)

### References

* “администратор”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “администратор”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [adminisˈtratɔr]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ад‧ми‧ни‧стра‧тор
* Rhymes: -atɔr

### Noun

администра́тор • (administrátor) m (plural администратори, feminine администраторка, relational adjective администраторски)
* administrator
    Synonyms: управник (upravnik), управничка (upravnička)

#### Declension
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* администра́торъ (administrátor) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐdmʲɪnʲɪˈstratər]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

администра́тор • (administrátor) m anim (genitive администра́тора, nominative plural администра́торы, genitive plural администра́торов)
* administrator
* business manager
* receptionist

#### Related terms

* администра́ция (administrácija)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adminǐstraːtor/
* Hyphenation: ад‧ми‧ни‧стра‧тор

### Noun

админѝстра̄тор m (Latin spelling adminìstrātor)
* administrator
# వేగము
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

వేగం (vēgaṁ)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वेग (vega).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋeːɡamu/

### Noun

వేగము • (vēgamu) ? (plural వేగములు)
* quickness, rapidity, speed
* (physics) velocity

#### Synonyms

* రయము (rayamu)

### References

"వేగము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1225
# llohë
## Albanian
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃-sko (“to wash”). Orel argues for an early borrowing, from Proto-Slavic *lojь.

### Noun

llohë f (definite lloha)
* heavy rain
    Synonyms: lagështi, rrëbesh, rreshje

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “llohë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 238

### Further reading

* “llohë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “llohë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# որակ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* վորակ (vorak) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian որակ (orak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /voˈɾɑk/, [voɾɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /voˈɾɑɡ/, [voɾɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

որակ • (orak)
* quality
    Antonym: քանակ (kʻanak)
    բարձր որակ ― barjr orak ― fine quality

#### Derived terms

* բարձրորակ (barjrorak)
* բարորակ (barorak)
* չարորակ (čʻarorak)
* օդորակիչ (ōdorakičʻ)

#### Related terms

* որակական (orakakan)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From որ (or) +‎ -ակ (-ak)

### Noun

որակ • (orak)
* quality

#### Derived terms

* անորակ (anorak)
* անորակեալ (anorakeal)
* ատրորակ (atrorak)
* ատրորական (atrorakan)
* արեգակնորակ (aregaknorak)
* արիւնորակ (ariwnorak)
* բազմորակ (bazmorak)
* դառնորակ (daṙnorak)
* երկորակ (erkorak)
* երկորակեան (erkorakean)
* լերդորակ (lerdorak)
* կանաչորակ (kanačʻorak)
* կարմրորակ (karmrorak)
* յոգնորակական (yognorakakan)
* յոգնորական (yognorakan)
* շիկորակ (šikorak)
* որակական (orakakan)
* որակայեղծ (orakayełc)
* որակայեղց (orakayełcʻ)
* որական (orakan)
* որականամ (orakanam)
* որակարար (orakarar)
* որակացուցանեմ (orakacʻucʻanem)
* որակեմ (orakem)
* որակութիւն (orakutʻiwn)
* սառնորակ (saṙnorak)
* սեւորակ (seworak)
* քաղցրորակ (kʻałcʻrorak)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: որակ (orak)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “որ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 574b

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “որակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “որակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# tenuifolius
## Latin
### Etymology

From tenuis (“thin”) +‎ folium (“leaf”), changed to the first and second declension.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /te.nu.iˈfo.li.us/, [t̪ɛnuɪˈfɔlʲiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /te.nu.iˈfo.li.us/, [t̪enuiˈfɔːlius]

### Adjective

tenuifolius (feminine tenuifolia, neuter tenuifolium); first/second-declension adjective
* (New Latin) Having thin leaves

#### Usage notes

* Used almost exclusively as a taxonomic epithet and thus not normally in inflected forms other than the nominative singular.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
# phthirapterologist
## English
### Noun

phthirapterologist (plural phthirapterologists)
* An entomologist who studies the Phthiraptera, or lice.
    Synonym: phthirapterist
# územ
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuːzɛm]

### Noun

územ
* instrumental singular of úzus
# ざるを得ぬ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 得
* え Grade: 5
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡za̠ɾɯ̟ o̞ e̞nɯ̟]

### Phrase

ざるを得(え)ぬ • (-zaru o enu)
* Alternative form of ざるを得ない
# వేడుకొను
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* వేఁడుకొను (vēn̆ḍukonu)

### Verb

వేడుకొను • (vēḍukonu)
* to pray, beg

### References

"వేడు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1220
# habiturus
## Latin
### Etymology

Future active participle of habeō.

### Participle

habitūrus (feminine habitūra, neuter habitūrum); first/second-declension participle
* about to have
* being about to have

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### References

* "habiturus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# հեղաշրջում
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* յեղաշրջում (yeġašrǰum) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian յեղաշրջումն (yełašrǰumn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /heʁɑʃəɾˈd͡ʒum/, [heʁɑʃəɾd͡ʒúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /heʁɑʃəɾˈt͡ʃum/, [heʁɑʃəɾt͡ʃʰúm]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

հեղաշրջում • (heġašrǰum)
* coup d'état

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# Gerolsheim
## German
### Etymology

First attested as Geroltesheimero in 915.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡeːʁɔlsˌhaɪ̯m]
* Hyphenation: Ge‧rols‧heim

### Proper noun

Gerolsheim n (proper noun, genitive Gerolsheims or (optionally with an article) Gerolsheim)
* Gerolsheim (a municipality of Bad Dürkheim district, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)

#### Declension

$^1$Optionally with an article.

#### Derived terms

* Gerolsheimer
** Gerolsheimerin

#### Related terms

* Gerolsbach, Geroldsgrün, Gerolzhofen, Geroldshausen, Gerolstein
* Sankt Gerold, Heidenheim, Herxheim, Lauchheim, Mannheim, Stammheim, Thalheim
# chuzo
## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since 1707. Probably from Spanish chuzo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃu.θʊ], (western) [ˈt͡ʃu.sʊ]

### Noun

chuzo m (plural chuzos)
* rustic spear traditionally used to chase wolves
    Synonym: lanza
** 1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:Alberte falemos craros nosoutros temos a culpa, que se foramos armados con aguilladas e chuzos, ouberàmos de botalos alò para en cas de Iudas."Alberte, let's make this clear: we are to blame, because if we had been armed with goads and spears we would have driven them back there until Judas's house."
* spiked stick
* piston of a squirt gun

#### Derived terms

* chuzar

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chuzo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chuzo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chuzo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈt͡ʃuθo/ [ˈt͡ʃu.θo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈt͡ʃuso/ [ˈt͡ʃu.so]
* Rhymes: -uθo
* Rhymes: -uso
* Syllabification: chu‧zo

### Etymology 1

Unknown. Probably a metathetical variant of azuche (“the pointed end of a pole”) from Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj), but it may be just expressive.

#### Noun

chuzo m (plural chuzos)
* spiked stick
* icicle
    Synonym: carámbano
* (Chile) old horse
* (Chile) idiot; dummy
* (Cuba) whip
* (Colombia) skewered meat, kebab

##### Derived terms

* caer chuzos de punta

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: xuixo, xutxo
* → Galician: chuzo
* → Portuguese: chuço

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

chuzo
* first-person singular present indicative of chuzar

### Further reading

* “chuzo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “chuzo”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
* Corriente, F. (1997) “azuche”, in A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 218
* Simonet, Francisco Javier (1888) “thauchól طوجل”, in Glosario de voces ibéricas y latinas usadas entre los mozárabes (in Spanish), Madrid: Establecimiento tipográfico de Fortanet, page 536
# シクント゚スッ
## Ainu
### Noun

シクント゚スッ • (sikuntusut)
* horizon

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014
# comêço
## Portuguese
### Noun

comêço m (plural começos)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1971 in Brazil and 1945 in Portugal) of começo.
** 1963, Estanislau Fragoso Batista, Entre a noite e o dia‎, page 146:Todos ocuparam suas posições e ficaram esperando pelo comêço do tiroteio.Everybody occupied their positions and kept waiting for the shooting to start.(literally, “the start of the shooting”)
# Slim
## English
### Etymology

* As an English surname, from the noun slime, probably topographic.
* As a Native American surname (Navajo), from the English adjective slim, a calque of personal names containing the suffix -tsʼósí (“skinny, slim”), such as Hastiin-tsʼósí (“slim man”), see also Tsosie.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Proper noun

Slim (plural Slims)
* A surname.
* A male given name.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Slim is the 27845th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 862 individuals. Slim is most common among American Indian/Alaskan Native (61.48%) and White (26.45%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* misl, lims, MLIS, MILs, MSIL, SMIL, mils
# వేత్త
## Telugu
### Noun

వేత్త • (vētta) ? (plural వేత్తలు)
* one who is versed in or acquainted with

#### Related terms

* శాస్త్రవేత్త (śāstravētta)

### References

"వేత్త" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1228
# այբուբեն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* այբբեն (aybben)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian այբուբեն (aybuben). By surface analysis, այբ (ayb) +‎ ու (u) +‎ բեն (ben).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑjbuˈben/, [ɑjbubén]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑjpuˈpen/, [ɑjpʰupʰén]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

այբուբեն • (aybuben)
* alphabet
# achilleifoliorum
## Latin
### Adjective

achillēifoliōrum
* genitive masculine/neuter plural of achillēifolius
# paleornithologist
## English
### Alternative forms

* palaeornithologist
* palaeo-ornithologist
* paleo-ornithologist

### Noun

paleornithologist (plural paleornithologists)
* A paleontologist who studies fossil birds.

#### Synonyms

* avian paleontologist

#### Related terms

* paleornithologic
* paleornithological
* paleornithologically
* paleornithology
# müssen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German muozen, from Old High German muozan, from Proto-West Germanic *mōtan.
The closeness to the original diphthong can for example still be seen in the Bavarian first and third person singular, where one says I muas (I must) or Ea/Si/Es muas (He/she/it must).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmʏsən/, [ˈmʏsən], [ˈmʏsn̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Verb

müssen (preterite-present, third-person singular present muss, past tense musste, past participle gemusst, past subjunctive müsste, auxiliary haben)
* (auxiliary, with an infinitive → “müssen” replaces the past participle) to have to (do something); must; to be obliged (to do something); to need (to do something).
    Wir müssen es machen. ― We must do it.
    Wir haben es nicht machen müssen. ― We didn't need to do it.
    Ich musste es machen. ― I had to do it.
* (intransitive, with past participle “gemusst”) to have to do something implied; must; to be obliged.
    Ja, ich muss. ― Yes, I must.
    Ja, ich habe gemusst. ― Yes, I had to.
* (colloquial, euphemistic) to need to go to the bathroom.
    Ich muss mal. ― I have to go (to the bathroom).

#### Usage notes

* Müssen can express the necessity of doing something, but also the moral duty. Sollen expresses moral duty or the suggestion that something ought to be done. Both verbs can express a duty imposed by someone else. In this case müssen is stronger than sollen, implying that the imposing person has some kind of power to make the other really do it.
* As shown in the first line, the infinitive is used instead of the past participle in the compound tenses if the verb has a complement verb. The phenomenon is called double infinitive.
       Das hätten wir machen müssen.
          We should have done that.
* In southern German and Austrian speech, the infinitive is often used instead of the past participle in any construction. Thus: ich habe nicht müssen for standard ich habe nicht gemusst.
* As shown in the example above, nicht müssen translates into English as “need not” rather than “must not”. For the English “must not”, use nicht dürfen.
* Before 1996, several of the conjugated forms of müssen were spelled with an ß (that is, muß, mußte, müßte, etc.). Since the spelling reform of 1996, however, the acceptable spelling is with ss.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Preferred; avoid the alternative in würde.

#### Derived terms

* durchmüssen
* wegmüssen
* weitermüssen
* zurückmüssen

### Further reading

* “müssen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “müssen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “müssen” in Duden online
* “müssen” in OpenThesaurus.de