# ان
## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Conjunction

ان (ən)
* one
* Arabic spelling of en, alternative form of اَِنْ

## Arabic
### Etymology

Cognate to Hebrew ־ן

### Suffix

ـَان • (-ān)
* Suffix used in forming intensive adjectives of the pattern فَعْلَان (faʕlān), e.g. تَعْبَان (taʕbān, “tired”), عَطْشَان (ʕaṭšān, “thirsty”), غَضْبَان (ḡaḍbān, “angry”), زَعْلَان (zaʕlān, “annoyed”), كَسْلَان (kaslān, “lazy”), نَعْسَان (naʕsān, “drowsy”). These adjectives generally have a feminine in َـى (-ā), e.g. عَطْشَى (ʕaṭšā), كَسْلَى (kaslā), نَعْسَى (naʕsā).

### Interfix

َـانـ • (-ān-)
* Interfix used in forming nisba (relative) adjectives, inserted between the base noun and the ending ـِيّ (-iyy), e.g. أَنَانِيّ (ʔanāniyy, “selfish”), based on أَنَا (ʔanā) or عَالَمَانِيّ (ʕālamāniyy, “worldly, secular”), based on عَالَم (ʕālam, “world”).

#### Derived terms
### Suffix

ـَانِ • (-āni) (oblique ـَيْنِ (-ayni), construct ـَا (-ā), oblique construct ـَيْ (-ay))
* Suffix added to a noun or adjective to form the dual form.
    ‎مُعَلِّم (muʕallim, “teacher”) + ‎ـَانِ (-āni) → ‎مُعَلِّمَانِ (muʕallimāni, “two teachers”)

#### See also

* ـُونَ (-ūna, sound masculine pluralizing suffix)
* ـَات (-āt, sound feminine pluralizing suffix)

## Burushaski
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [un]

#### Pronoun

ان (un)
* you; second-person singular pronoun

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [in]

#### Pronoun

ان (in)
* he, she; third-person singular pronoun

### References

* Bechtholdt, Astrid (2025) “un”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.
* Bechtholdt, Astrid (2025) “in”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ـَان (-ān).

### Suffix

ـان • (-ān)
* Suffix used in forming intensive adjectives of the pattern فَعْلَان (faʕlān).

#### Usage notes

* Intensive adjectives often act as active participles of stative verbs, usually having the pattern فِعِل (fiʕil), for instance:
    زِعِل (ziʕil, “to get sad”) → زعلان (zaʕlān, “sad”)

#### See also

Category:Hijazi Arabic intensive adjectives

## Kalami
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आण्ड (āṇḍa).

### Noun

ان (an) m
* egg

### References

* Baart, Joan L. G. (1997) “an”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎, National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 77

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-gan, which is comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan and Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

### Suffix

ان • (-an)
* adjective-forming suffix that, added to the root of a verb, creates non-past participles
    ‎بورـ (bur-, “to twist, wring”) + ‎ان → ‎بوران (buran, “twisting, wringing, that twists or wrings”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: -an

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “-an1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 238

## Persian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔän]

#### Noun

ان • (an)
* (vulgar) Alternative spelling of عن.

### Etymology 2

English en.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /en/

#### Noun

ان • (en)
* Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter n in English and other European languages.

##### Derived terms

* دی‌ان‌ای (di-en-ey)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ـَان (-ān).

### Suffix

ـان • (-ān)
* Suffix used in forming intensive adjectives of the pattern فَعْلَان (faʕlān).

#### Usage notes

* Intensive adjectives often act as active participles of stative verbs, usually having the pattern فِعِل (fiʕil), for instance:
    عطش (ʕiṭiš, “to be thirsty”) → عطشان (ʕaṭšān, “thirsty”)
    حزن (ḥizin, “to get sad”) → حزنان (ḥaznān, “sad”)

#### See also

Category:South Levantine Arabic intensive adjectives

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit अन- (ana-).
Compare Middle Persian ʾn (an-).

#### Alternative forms

* اـ (before consonants)

#### Prefix

انـ • (an-) (Hindi spelling अन-)
* A negating prefix. non-, un-, a-, an-, etc.
    ‎ان + ‎کہا (kahā, “said”) → ‎انکہا (ankahā, “unsaid, unspoken”)

##### Usage notes

This form is used before words that begin with vowels.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

اِن • (in) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling इन)
* (proximal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them
* (oblique case) these; plural of اِس (is)
* (formal, proximal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her
* (formal, oblique case) this

#### Pronoun

اُن • (un) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling उन)
* (distal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them
* (oblique case) those; plural of اُس (us)
* (formal, distal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her
* (formal, oblique case) that

#### Determiner

اِن • (in) pl (Hindi spelling इन)
* (oblique case) these; plural of اِس (is)
* (formal, oblique case) this

#### Determiner

اُن • (un) pl (Hindi spelling उन)
* (oblique case) those; plural of اُس (us)
* (formal, oblique case) that

#### See also

Urdu personal pronouns :
| Person | Description | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case |
| 1st person | singular | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مُجھ (mujh) | مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) | مُجھ کو (mujh ko), مُجھے (mujhe) |
| 1st person | formal (rare) | formal (rare) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) | خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) |
| 1st person | plural | plural | ہَم (ham) | ہَم (ham) | ہَم نے (ham ne) | ہَم کو (ham ko), ہَمیں (hamẽ) |
| 2nd person | informal (intimate) | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تُجھ (tujh) | تُو نے (tū ne) | تُجھ کو (tujh ko), تُجھے (tujhe) |
| 2nd person | semiformal (familiar) | semiformal (familiar) | تُم (tum) | تُم (tum) | تُم نے (tum ne) | تُم کو (tum ko), تُمْہیں (tumhẽ) |
| 2nd person | formal (polite) | formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp ne) | آپ کو (āp ko) |
| 3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یِہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is ne) | اِس کو (is ko), اِسے (ise) |
| 3rd person | proximal | plural / formal | یِہ (ye) | اِن (in) | اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) | اِن کو (in ko), اِنْہیں (inhẽ) |
| 3rd person | distal | singular / informal | وُہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us ne) | اُس کو (us ko), اُسے (use) |
| 3rd person | distal | plural / formal | وُہ (vo) | اُن (un) | اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) | اُن کو (un ko), اُنْہیں (unhẽ) |