# 彌

| 彌 | U+5F4C, &#24396; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F4C |
| ← 彋 [U+5F4B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 彍 → [U+5F4D] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 弥 |
| Simplified | 弥 |
| Traditional | 彌 |

### Han character

彌 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓一火月 (NMFB), four-corner 1122$_7$, composition ⿰弓爾)

#### Derived characters

* 𡄣, 𡓭, 㜷, 𡾱, 𭣐, 瀰, 獼, 瓕, 𮂖, 䉲, 𦇯, 䕳, 𮕖, 䥸, 𬬠, 𨣾, 𮩚, 𮬚, 𱋂

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 361, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9877
* Dae Jaweon: page 679, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1004, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5F4C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 彌
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 嬭 | *rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ |
| 禰 | *niːlʔ |
| 镾 | *niːlʔ, *mnel |
| 薾 | *niːlʔ |
| 檷 | *niːlʔ |
| 鑈 | *niːlʔ, *neːb |
| 瀰 | *niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ |
| 獼 | *mnel |
| 瓕 | *mnel |
| 彌 | *mnel |
| 鸍 | *mnel, *hnjel |
| 擟 | *mnel |
| 濔 | *mnelʔ |
| 壐 | *smlelʔ |
| 璽 | *smlelʔ |
| 爾 | *njelʔ |
| 邇 | *njelʔ |
| 獮 | *smlenʔ |
| 籋 | *neb, *neːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mnel): semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mí (mi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mì
    (Hailu, HRS): mi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bî / mî / mí / ní / nî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ni$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mí
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mí
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^2$
*** Yale: mí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
*** Yale: mèih / nèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^4$ / néi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mì
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi
*** Sinological IPA: /mi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ni$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ni³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mì
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pi¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
*** Tâi-lô: bî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bi²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
*** Tâi-lô: mî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
*** Tâi-lô: mí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /mĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
*** Tâi-lô: ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî
*** Tâi-lô: nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nii
*** IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ni$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ní
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mi
*** MiniDict: mi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/
* Middle Chinese: mjie
Rime :
| Character | 彌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武移切 |
| Baxter | mjie |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /mie/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-nə[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mnel/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彌 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjie › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-nə[r]/ |
| English | to complete |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2808 |
| Phonetic component | 爾 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 彌 |
| Old Chinese | /*mnel/ |

#### Definitions

彌
* to relax a bow
* to fill; to cover
* full; overflowing; extensive
    alt. forms: 瀰 / 弥
* long; distant
* more
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yán Yuān kuìrán tàn yuē: “Yǎng zhī mí gāo, zuān zhī mí jiān.” [Pinyin]
    Yan Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, “I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; […]
    From: 11th century CE, 蘇洵 (Su Xun), 六國論
    Ránzé zhūhóu zhī dì yǒu xiàn, bào Qín zhī yù wú yàn, fèng zhī mí fán, qīn zhī yù jí. [Pinyin]
    The lands of the six states were limited, while the desire of Qin was insatiable. The more frequent the six states offered Qin land, the hastier Qin invaded them.
* to mend; to repair
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (more):
* 加二 ($^1$ka-gni) (Wu)
* 加偌 (Hokkien)
* 又加 ($^6$yi-ka) (Wu)
* 又閣較 / 又阁较 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 愈 (yù)
* 愈加 (yùjiā)
* 愈發 / 愈发 (yùfā)
* 愈益 (yùyì)
* 更 (gèng)
* 更加 (gèngjiā)
* 更見 / 更见 (gen$^4$ jian$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 益 (yì) (literary)
* 益發 / 益发 (yìfā)
* 罔 (muōng) (Eastern Min)
* 越
* 越加 (yuèjiā)
* 越發 / 越发 (yuèfā)
* 重 (Cantonese)
* 閣較 / 阁较 (Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 仰之彌高 / 仰之弥高 (yǎngzhīmígāo)
* 封彌 / 封弥
* 彌事 / 弥事
* 彌天 / 弥天 (mítiān)
* 彌天亙地 / 弥天亘地 (mítiāngèndì)
* 彌天大罪 / 弥天大罪 (mítiāndàzuì)
* 彌天大謊 / 弥天大谎 (mítiāndàhuǎng)
* 彌天案 / 弥天案
* 彌封 / 弥封 (mífēng)
* 彌市 / 弥市 (Míshì)
* 彌年 / 弥年
* 彌敬 / 弥敬
* 彌時 / 弥时
* 彌月 / 弥月 (míyuè)
* 彌月酒 / 弥月酒 (míyuèjiǔ)
* 彌望 / 弥望 (míwàng)
* 彌滿 / 弥满
* 彌漫 / 弥漫 (mímàn)
* 彌生文化 / 弥生文化
* 彌留 / 弥留 (míliú)
* 彌綸 / 弥纶
* 彌縫 / 弥缝
* 彌羅 / 弥罗
* 彌習彌佳 / 弥习弥佳
* 彌補 / 弥补 (míbǔ)
* 彌足珍貴 / 弥足珍贵 (mízúzhēnguì)
* 愛彌兒 / 爱弥儿
* 日久彌新 / 日久弥新
* 曠日彌久 / 旷日弥久
* 欲蓋彌彰 / 欲盖弥彰 (yùgàimízhāng)
* 歷久彌新 / 历久弥新 (lìjiǔmíxīn)
* 老而彌堅 / 老而弥坚

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mí (mi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bî / mî / mí / bí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mi$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mí
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mí
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^2$
*** Yale: mí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
*** Yale: mèih / nèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^4$ / nei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^4$ / néi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mì
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pi¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
*** Tâi-lô: bî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bi²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
*** Tâi-lô: mî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mii
*** IPA (Taipei): /mĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
*** Tâi-lô: mí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /mĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
*** Tâi-lô: bí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mi$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mî
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mi
*** MiniDict: mi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/
* Middle Chinese: mjie
Rime :
| Character | 彌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武移切 |
| Baxter | mjie |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /mie/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^4$ |

#### Definitions

彌
* Used in transcription.
    阿彌陀佛／阿弥陀佛 ― Āmítuófó ― Amitabha
    阿耳忒彌斯／阿耳忒弥斯 ― Ā'ěrtèmísī ― Artemis
    彌賽亞／弥赛亚 ― Mísàiyà ― Messiah
    堅彌地街／坚弥地街 [Cantonese] ― gin$^1$ nei$^4$ dei$^6$ gaai$^1$ [Jyutping] ― Kennedy Street
    彌敦道／弥敦道 [Cantonese] ― nei$^4$ deoi$^1$ dou$^6$ [Jyutping] ― Nathan Road

#### Compounds

* 彌勒 / 弥勒 (Mílè)
* 彌勒佛 / 弥勒佛 (Mílèfó)
* 彌撒 / 弥撒
* 彌撒曲 / 弥撒曲 (mísāqǔ)
* 彌撒經書 / 弥撒经书
* 彌賽亞 / 弥赛亚 (Mísàiyà)
* 彌迦 / 弥迦 (Míjiā)
* 彌迦書 / 弥迦书 (Míjiāshū)
* 彌陀 / 弥陀 (Mítuó)
* 望彌撒 / 望弥撒
* 沙彌 / 沙弥 (shāmí)
* 阿彌陀佛 / 阿弥陀佛
* 阿彌陀經 / 阿弥陀经
* 須彌山 / 须弥山 (Xūmíshān)
* 須彌座 / 须弥座 (Xūmí zuò)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐ (mi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^3$
*** Yale: mǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹⁴/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-nə[r]ʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彌 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjie$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-nə[r]ʔ/ |
| English | stop |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

彌
* Alternative form of 弭 (mǐ, “to stop; to put down”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ní (ni$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ní
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ní
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^2$
*** Yale: ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
*** Palladius: ни (ni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵/

#### Definitions

彌
* Alternative form of 婗 (ní)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 弥 |
| Kyūjitai | 彌 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 弥)
* Kyūjitai form of 弥.

#### Readings

* Go-on: み (mi)
* Kan-on: び (bi)
* Kun: いや (iya, 彌)、や (ya, 彌)、ひさしい (hisashii, 彌しい)、わたる (wataru, 彌る)、あまねし (amaneshi, 彌し)、いよいよ (iyoiyo, 彌)

## Korean
### Hanja

彌 (eumhun 미륵 미 (mireuk mi)) 彌 (eumhun 두루 미 (duru mi))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 彌

## Vietnamese
### Han character

彌: Hán Việt readings: di
彌: Nôm readings: di
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation