# 繕

| 繕 | U+7E55, &#32341; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E55 |
| ← 織 [U+7E54] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 繖 → [U+7E56] |

## Translingual
### Han character

繕 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 女火廿土口 (VFTGR) or 女火廿廿口 (VFTTR), four-corner 2896$_1$, composition ⿰糹善)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 938, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27893
* Dae Jaweon: page 1377, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3454, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7E55

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 繕 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 橏 | *tjenʔ |
| 嫸 | *tjenʔ |
| 善 | *ɡjenʔ |
| 譱 | *ɡjenʔ |
| 蟮 | *djanʔ |
| 鱔 | *djanʔ |
| 僐 | *djenʔ, *djens |
| 鄯 | *djenʔ, *djens |
| 墡 | *djenʔ |
| 磰 | *djenʔ |
| 繕 | *ɡjens |
| 膳 | *djens |
| 饍 | *djens |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡjens): semantic 糸 (“thread; textile”) + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ, “good”). Also Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): to repair; to make good.

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glan (“to repair”), cognate to Tibetan གླན་པ (glan pa, “to patch; to mend”) and related forms (Gong 1995; STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàn (shan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^4$
*** Yale: shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
*** Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$
*** Yale: sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²²/
* Middle Chinese: dzyenH
Rime :
| Character | 繕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時戰切 |
| Baxter | dzyenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjens/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 繕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyen$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ-s/ |
| English | (make good:) repair |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 繕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11092 |
| Phonetic component | 善 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡjens/ |

### Definitions

繕
* to repair; to mend
* to copy neatly; to transcribe
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to prepare; to renovate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to keep; to maintain
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) firm; resolute

### Compounds

* 修繕 / 修缮 (xiūshàn)
* 營繕 / 营缮
* 繕寫 / 缮写 (shànxiě)
* 繕甲厲兵 / 缮甲厉兵
* 繕甲治兵 / 缮甲治兵

### References

* “繕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* darning
* repair

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: つくろう (tsukurou, 繕う, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 繕(ぜん)性(さい) (zensai)
* 繕(ぜん)写(しゃ) (zensha)
* 繕(ぜん)修(しゅう) (zenshū)
* 繕(ぜん)治(ち) (zenchi)
* 営(えい)繕(ぜん) (eizen)
* 修(しゅう)繕(ぜん) (shūzen)
* 葺(しゅう)繕(ぜん) (shūzen)
* 補(ほ)繕(ぜん) (hozen)
* 衣紋(えもん)を繕(つくろ)う (emon o tsukurou)
* 引(ひ)き繕(つくろ)う (hikitsukurou)
* 羽(は)繕(づくろ)い (hazukuroi)
* 見(み)繕(つくろ)う (mitsukurou)
* 言(い)い繕(つくろ)う (ītsukurou)
* 取(と)り繕(つくろ)う (toritsukurou)
* 身(み)繕(づくろ)い (mizukuroi)
* 声(こわ)繕(づくろ)い (kowazukuroi)
* 掻(か)い繕(つくろ)う (kaitsukurou)

## Korean
### Hanja

繕 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

繕: Hán Việt readings: thiện
* chữ Hán form of thiện (“repair, transcribe neatly”).

#### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).