# دين
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

A historically conflated term derived from multiple layers of phono-semantic matching:
* Initially stemming from Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct; decisions of morality or ethics, judgement, decree, ruling”), where in Arabia it took specifically the foremost connotation of obligations, duty, what is expected or owed; hence also the sense of a monetary debt along with that which is owed to society ethically.
* Cognate terms in other Semitic languages also came with a more developed legal sense, rulings, a set of obligations, a law code; these senses were bolstered semantically borrowing from Aramaic דִּינָא (dīnā), Classical Syriac ܕܺܝܢܳܐ (dīnā, “judgement”), Hebrew דִּין (din), Ge'ez ደይን (däyn, “judgement”), which likely had their specified development from Akkadian 𒁲 (dīnum, “judgement; legal practice, precedent; legal case; court conduct, procedures, rule of law”). Another possible layer still is the term Sumerian 𒁲 (di /⁠did⁠/, “lawsuit, trial; legal decision”) which is a term of uncertain origins; potentially an early Akkadian borrowing, at least semantically, or natively derived from 𒁲 (di, “to speak”), a form of 𒅗 (dug₄ /⁠dug⁠/, “to speak, talk, say; to order, to negotiate”).
* The sense of religious creed or a system of religious rules is borrowed from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dyn' /⁠dēn⁠/), which developed from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎡𐎴 (d-a-i-n /⁠*daina-⁠/, “a religious-informed or conscientious way of life”). Developing also from Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬉𐬥𐬁 (dēnā), a term already having a predecessor with a religious sense in Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā), which is possibly akin to Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna), whence zen. This possibly derives in part under the influence of Elamite, developing from the Akkadian legal sense; religious obligation to deities, the system or conduct of the priesthood regarding divinities.
* The Qurʾān and later Islamic scholarship adds an additional layer of phono-semantic matching, melding the native significations with the connotations imparted by the languages of their neighbors, both from the Semitic family and those not.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːn/

#### Noun

دِين • (dīn) m (plural أَدْيَان (ʔadyān))
* verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna, “to be religious”) (form I)
* (countable, uncountable) religion, creed, credo, faith, conviction, belief, tenet, rite
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 109:6:لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِlakum dīnukum waliya dīniFor you is your religion, and for me is my religion.
* (uncountable, verbal noun) conformism, conformance, conformity, compliance, fealty, obedience; God-fearingness, godliness, religiosity, devoutness
* law, obligations, duty
* custom, habit
    لَيْسَ هٰذَا مِنْ دِينِي وَلَا دَيْدَنِيlaysa hāḏā min dīnī walā daydanīThis is not according to my habit nor to my wont.
* judgement, decision, ruling
** (rare) requital, compensation, indemnification
** (rare) credit, obligation, account, falling due of a debt

##### Derived terms

* دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
* يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ (yawmu d-dīni, “day of judgment”)
* صَلَاح الدِّين (ṣalāḥ ad-dīn, “Saladin”)
* عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn, “Aladdin”)

##### Related terms

* دَيَّان (dayyān)
* دِيَانَة (diyāna)
* دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
* مُتَدَيِّن (mutadayyin)
* مُتَدَيِّنَة (mutadayyina)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: դին (din) (islamic faith)
* → Azerbaijani: din
* → Avar: дин (din)
* → Bashkir: дин (din)
* → Chechen: дин (din)
* → Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
* → Crimean Tatar: din
* → Dhivehi: ދީން (dīn̊)
* → English: deen
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दीन (dīn)
    Urdu: دین (dīn)
* → Indonesian: din
* → Karaim: дин (din)
* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: dîn
    → Central Kurdish: دین (dîn)
* → Kazakh: дін (dın)
* → Kyrgyz: дин (din)
* → Malay: din
* → Maltese: din
* → Pashto: دين (din)
* → Ossetian: дин (din)
* → Ottoman Turkish: دین (din)
    > Turkish: din (inherited)
* → Santali: ᱫᱤᱱ (din)
* → Swahili: dini
* → Tatar: дин (din)
* → Turkmen: din
* → Uyghur: دىن (din)
* → Uzbek: din

### Etymology 2

From the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to hold religion”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daj.jin/

#### Adjective

دَيِّن • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة (dayyina), masculine plural دَيِّنُونَ (dayyinūna), feminine plural دَيِّنَات (dayyināt))
* religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Causative of the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to be a debtor”) from the د ي ن (d y n).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daj.ja.na/

#### Verb

دَيَّنَ • (dayyana) II (non-past يُدَيِّنُ (yudayyinu), verbal noun تَدْيِين (tadyīn))
* to loan, to lend, to advance

##### Related terms

* إِدَانَة (ʔidāna)
* اِسْتِدَانَة (istidāna)
* دَائِن (dāʔin)
* دَيْنُونَة (daynūna)
* مُدَان (mudān)
* مَدِين (madīn)
* مُدِين (mudīn)
* مَدْيُون (madyūn)
* مَدْيُونِيَّة (madyūniyya, “indebtedness”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dajn/

#### Noun

دَيْن • (dayn) m (plural دُيُون (duyūn) or أَدْيُن (ʔadyun))
* verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna) (form I)
* debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim
    Synonyms: سَلَف (salaf), قَرْض (qarḍ)

##### Declension
### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

دِينَ • (dīna) (form I) /diː.na/
* third-person masculine singular past passive of دَانَ (dāna)

### References

* Badawi, Elsaid M., Abdel Haleem, Muhammad (2008) “د/ي/ن d-y-n”, in Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 85), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320–321
* Cheung, Johnny (2017) On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qurʾānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic‎, Leiden: Leiden University, page 9
* Corriente, Federico (2005) “دين”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe‎ (in Spanish), 2nd edition, volume I, Barcelona: Herder, page 387
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دين”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 482
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “دِين”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 131 seqq.
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “دين”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 76–77
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دين”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 758
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “دين”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 943–944
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) “የነደ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 146
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دين”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 381–382
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “دين”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 698
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “دين”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 353
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “دين”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 423

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic دِين (dīn).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːn/

#### Noun

دين • (dīn) m (plural أديان (ʔadyān))
* religion

### Etymology 2

From Arabic دَيْن (dayn).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deːn/, [de̞ːn]

#### Noun

دين • (dēn) m (plural دِيون (diyūn))
* debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim

### Etymology 3

From Arabic دَيَّنَ (dayyana).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daj.jan/

#### Verb

دَيَّن • (dayyan) II (non-past يِدَيِّن (yidayyin))
* to loan, to lend, to advance

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

From Arabic دَيِّن (dayyin).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daj.jin/

#### Adjective

دين • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة (dayyina), common plural دَيِّنِين (dayyinīn), feminine plural دَيِّنات (dayyināt))
* religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

##### Usage notes

The common plural adjective is used with both feminine and masculine plural nouns, while the feminine plural adjective is rarely used and only used with feminine nouns.