# शुक्र
## Hindi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃʊkɾ/
* (schwa epenthetic) (Delhi) IPA: /ʃʊ.kəɾ/, [ʃʊ.kɐɾ]

#### Noun

शुक्र • (śukr) m (Urdu spelling شکر)
* gratitude; kindness
    शुक्र है कि ... ― śukr hai ki ... ― Thankfully, ...

##### Derived terms

* शुक्रिया (śukriyā, “thank you”)

##### Related terms

* शुक्रगुज़ार (śukraguzār), شکر گزار (śukraguzār, “thankful”)

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra). Doublet of सुर्ख़ (surx).

#### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃʊk.ɾᵊ/

#### Adjective

शुक्र • (śukra) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شکر)
* resplendent

#### Noun

शुक्र • (śukra) m (Urdu spelling شکر)
* semen; sperm
    Synonym: वीर्य (vīrya)

##### Declension
#### Proper noun

शुक्र • (śukra) m (Urdu spelling شکر)
* Venus (planet)

##### See also

Solar System in Hindi · सौरमंडल (saurmaṇḍal) (layout · text) :
| Star | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) | सूर्य (sūrya) |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | बुध (budh) | शुक्र (śukra) | पृथ्वी (pŕthvī) | मंगल (maṅgal) | | बृहस्पति (bŕhaspati) | शनि (śani) | अरुण (aruṇ) | वरुण (varuṇ) | यम (yam) | |
| Notable moons | — | — | चंद्रमा (candramā) | | — | | | | | | |

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শুক্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬸᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* শুক্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰲𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ၐုကြ (Burmese script)
* શુક્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ੁਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑍁𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦸꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂳𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಶುಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
* ឝុក្រ (Khmer script)
* ຨຸກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* ശുക്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘳𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠤᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧔𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଶୁକ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢯꢸꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆶𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖲𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ශුක්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩒𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚰𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* ஶுக்ர (Tamil script)
* శుక్ర (Telugu script)
* ศุกฺร (Thai script)
* ཤུ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒳𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨃𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śukrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćukrás (“white, bright”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuk-ró-s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬑𐬭𐬀 (suxra), Old Persian 𐎰𐎧𐎼 (θ-x-r /⁠θuxra⁠/) (whence Persian سرخ (sorx)), Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕuk.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕuk.ɾɐ/

### Adjective

शुक्र • (śukrá) stem (root शुच्)
* bright, resplendent
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
* clear, pure, spotless
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.51.9:ता इन्न्वे॒३॒॑व स॑म॒ना स॑मा॒नीरमी॑तवर्णा उ॒षस॑श्चरन्ति। गूह॑न्ती॒रभ्व॒मसि॑तं॒ रुश॑द्भिः शु॒क्रास्त॒नूभिः॒ शुच॑यो रुचा॒नाः॥tā́ ínnvèvá samanā́ samānī́rámītavarṇā uṣásaścaranti. gū́hantīrábhvamásitaṃ rúśadbhiḥ śukrā́stanū́bhiḥ śúcayo rucānā́ḥ.Thus they go forth with undiminished colours, these Mornings similar in self-same fashion, concealing the gigantic might of darkness with radiant bodies bright, pure, and shining.
* light-coloured, white

#### Declension
### Noun

शुक्र • (śukrá) stem, m
* name of Agni or fire
* the planet Venus or its regent (regarded as the son of भृगु and preceptor of the Daityas).
* clear or pure Soma

#### Declension
### See also

Solar System in Sanskrit · सूर्य-मण्डल (sūrya-maṇḍala) (layout · text) :
| Star | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य | सूर्य (sūrya), रवि (ravi), आदित्य (āditya), Thesaurus:सूर्य |
| IAU planets and notable dwarf planets | बुध (budha) | शुक्र (śukra), भार्गव (bhārgava), भृगु (bhṛgu) | भूमि (bhūmi), पृथ्वी (pṛthvī), Thesaurus:भू | मङ्गल (maṅgala), अङ्गार (aṅgāra), Thesaurus:मङ्गल | | बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati), गौर (gaura) | शनि (śani) | अरुण (aruṇa) | वरुण (varuṇa) | यम (yama) | |
| Notable moons | — | — | चन्द्र (candra), इन्दु (indu), Thesaurus:चन्द्र | प्रथम मङ्गलस्य द्वितीय मङ्गलस्य | — | | | | | | |

### Noun

शुक्र • (śukrá) stem, n
* brightness, clearness, light
* (also in the plural) any clear liquid
* juice, the essence of anything
* semen virile, seed of animals (male and female), sperm
* a morbid affection of the iris (change of colour &c. accompanied by imperfect vision ; cf. शुक्ल) Suṡr. ṠārṅgS.

#### Derived terms

* शुक्रवार (śukravāra)

#### Descendants

* Magadhi Prakrit:
** Assamese: শুকুলা (xukula)
* → Assamese: শুক্ৰ (xukro), শুকুৰবাৰ (xukurbar)
* → Bengali: শুক্র (śukro)
* → Burmese: သောကြာ (sau:kra)
* → Gujarati: શુક્ર (śukra)
* → Hindi: शुक्र (śukra)
* → Kannada: ಶುಕ್ರ (śukra)
* → Malayalam: ശുക്രൻ (śukraṉ)
* → Marathi: शुक्र (śukra)
* → Nepali: शुक्र (śukra), शुक्रवार (śukrawār)
* → Odia: ଶୁକ୍ର (śukra)
* Pali: sukka
** → Burmese: သုက် (suk)
** → Khmer: សុក្រ (sok), ថ្ងៃសុក្រ (thngay sok)
** → Lao: ສຸກ (suk), ວັນສຸກ (wan suk)
** → Thai: ศุกร์ (sùk), วันศุกร์
* Romani: śukar
* → Sindhi: شُڪْرُ (śukru)
* → Tamil: சுக்கிரன் (cukkiraṉ)
* → Telugu: శుక్లము (śuklamu), శుక్రుడు (śukruḍu)
* → Tocharian B: śukkär
* → Urdu: شُکْرَ (śukra)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शुक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1080/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śukti- -ŚUC”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 645