# galva
## Latvian

Picture dictionary :
galva
galvaskauss
smadzenes
acs
deguns
mute
zods
žoklis
auss
deniņi
kakls :

### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *golHwéh₂, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (whence also Latvian gals), ablauted to *gʷol- and with an extra suffix *-weh₂. The meaning evolution was probably 'point, spike, peak' > 'top part' > 'head'. Other, less convincing sources have been suggested (e.g., Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-). Close cognates include Lithuanian galvà, Proto-Slavic *golvà.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡɑ̂ɫva]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

galva f (4th declension)
* head (top or front of the body, where the brain is located)
    cilvēka, suņa, čūskas galva ― a human, dog's, snake's head
    galvas muskuļi ― head muscles
    pagriezt galvu ― to turn one's head
    pamāt ar galvu ― to nod one's head
    saņemt galvu rokās ― to take one's head in one's hands
    purināt, kratīt galvu ― to shake one's head
    galva sāp ― the head hurts
    galvas tabletes ― head(ache) tablets, pills
* hair, feathers (on the head)
    sirma galva ― gray hair
    mazgāt galvu ― to wash one's hair
    sukāt, ķemmēt galvu ― to brush, to comb one's hair
    galva balta kā ābele ― hair as white as an apple tree
* on, or around, the head (1)
    likt cepuri galvā ― to put a hat on one's head
    siet lakatu galvā ― to tie a scarf around one's head
* life
    riskēt ar savu galvu ― to gamble with one's head (= life)
* mind, intelligence, understanding, memory
    gaiša, gudra galva ― bright, smart head
    cilvēks ar galvu ― a person with head (= wise, intelligent)
    zināt no galvas ― to know (something) from the head (= by heart)
    rēķināt galvā ― to calculate in one's head
    paturēt skaidru galvu ― to keep a clear head (= remain calm)
* top (especially round) part of an object
    naglas, skrūves galva ― the head of a nail, a screw
    āmura, cirvja galva ― the head of a hammer, an axe
* authoritative person, boss, leader
    valdības galva ― the head of the government
    ģimenes galva ― the head of the family
* a person or animal as a counting unit
    septiņu galvu liela ģimene ― a family with seven heads (= members)

#### Derived terms

* galvaspilsēta

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “galva”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
* ↑ “galva”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025

## Lithuanian

Picture dictionary :
galva
káukolė
smẽgenys
akìs
lūpa
nósis
burnà
smãkras
žandìkaulis
ausìs
smilkinỹs
kãklas :

### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galˀwā́ˀ.

### Pronunciation

* (galvà) IPA: [ɡɐɫ̪ˈvɐ]
* (gálva) IPA: [ˈɡä̂ːɫ̪.vɐ]

### Noun

galvà f (plural galvos) stress pattern 3
* (anatomy) head (top part of the body)
* (figuratively) mind (intelligence, memory)
    Synonyms: prõtas (“mind”), aumuõ (“mind”), intelèktas (“intellect”), smẽgenys (“brain”)
    Ką turì galvojè? ― What do you mean? (literally, “What do you have in mind?”)
    Kokià pirmà mintìs ateĩna į̃ gálvą? ― What is the first thought that comes to mind?
    Jìs tùri labaĩ gẽrą gálvą. ― He has a very good mind [memory, intelligence].
    Tókias mintìs reĩkia mèsti ìš galvõs. ― Such thoughts need to be put out of one's mind.
** 1939, Antanas Maceina, Pedagogikos istorija‎, Kaunas: Žaibo bendrovė:Visa mokiniai turėjo mokytis iš galvos, nes vadovėlių anuo metu romėnai dar neturėjo.The pupils had to learn everything by heart [literally head], as textbooks were not yet available to the Romans at that time.
* leader (person in charge, with authority)
    Synonyms: vãdas, vadõvas, lýderis, vir̃šininkas, vyresnỹsis
    šeimõs galvà ― the head of the family

#### Derived terms

* galvóti (“to think”)

### References

* “galva”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025