# 丸

| 丸 | U+4E38, &#20024; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38 |
| ← 丷 [U+4E37] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 丹 → [U+4E39] |
| 丸 | U+2F801, &#194561; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801 |
| ← 丽 [U+2F800] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 乁 → [U+2F802] |

## Translingual
### Han character

丸 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 5001$_7$, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 孰(执) 執 (in modern form)
* 𬽦, 𢓃

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
* Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
* Unihan data for U+4E38
* Unihan data for U+2F801

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丸 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts06805Transcribed ancient scriptsL31714L31715L06169L06170L06171L06172L06173L06174L06175 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 骫 | *qʷralʔ |
| 丸 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 紈 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 芄 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 汍 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 肒 | *ɡʷaːns |
Ideogram (指事), differentiated form of 夗 (OC *qonʔ), which was originally the same character.
Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from flipped 仄 (“to tilt”) – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.
Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮 (a kneeling person with stretched arms to indicate "to hold").

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wán (wan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun$^{4-2}$ / jyun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yan$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): van$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̂ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): uòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oân / îⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^5$ / uêng$^5$ / in$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$woe / $^2$we / $^2$ve / $^2$woe / $^2$won / $^2$woen / $^2$yu; $^2$wun
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wán
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$
*** Yale: wán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wánr
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wánr
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: wánr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wal
*** Palladius: ваньр (vanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑɻ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
*** Sinological IPA : /uan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^{4-2}$ / jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yún / yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^{4-2}$ / jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^{4-2}$ / yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /jyːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /yɵn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̂ing
*** Sinological IPA : /yiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân / îⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: uân / înn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaan, vii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan²⁴/, /ĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴/, /ĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/, /ĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴/, /ĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/, /ĩ²³/
* oân - literary;
* îⁿ - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit丸 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /van⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /vã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uan⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /van⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /van⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uan²¹³/ 藥～子 /yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子 |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʊ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /væ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /væ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦuø²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦuø¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦuõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jy³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /uɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uːən⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ian¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒen¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyn³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /uan³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /yiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwan
Rime :
| Character | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡官切 |
| Baxter | hwan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/, /*ɦʷˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 丸 | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wán | wán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwan › | ‹ hwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ | /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar) |
| English | pellet; ball | 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12608 |
| Phonetic component | 丸 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桓 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːn/ |

#### Definitions

丸
* small round object; ball; pellet
    肉丸 ― ròuwán ― meatball
* (medicine) pill
* (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
* (obsolete) to roll into a ball
* Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
* a surname, Wan

#### Compounds

* 一丸五色
* 一丸泥
* 七十味珍珠丸 (qīshíwèi zhēnzhū wán)
* 七味榼滕子丸 (qīwèi kèténgzǐ wán)
* 下坂走丸
* 三妙丸 (sānmiào wán)
* 下阪丸
* 下阪走丸
* 丸丸
* 丸丹
* 丸仔 (wánzǎi)
* 丸劍 / 丸剑
* 丸劑 / 丸剂 (wánjì)
* 丸卵
* 丸子 (wánzi)
* 丸封
* 丸散
* 丸散膏丹
* 丸泥
* 丸熊
* 丸田
* 丸粒
* 丸藥 / 丸药 (wányào)
* 丸藥膏丹 / 丸药膏丹
* 丸蘭 / 丸兰
* 丸赤白
* 丸轉 / 丸转
* 丸髻
* 丸墨
* 丸鼓
* 丹砂丸
* 事後丸 / 事后丸
* 二十五味珍珠丸 (èrshíwǔwèi zhēnzhū wán)
* 二十五味珊瑚丸 (èrshíwǔwèi shānhú wán)
* 二妙丸 (èrmiào wán)
* 二至丸 (èrzhì wán)
* 五味麝香丸 (wǔwèi shèxiāng wán)
* 五子衍宗丸 (wǔzǐ yǎnzōng wán)
* 五福化毒丸 (wǔfú huàdúwán)
* 健步丸 (jiànbùwán)
* 八珍益母丸 (bāzhēn yìmǔ wán)
* 六合定中丸 (liùhé dìngzhòng wán)
* 函谷丸
* 前列舒丸 (qiánlièshū wán)
* 副睪丸 / 副睾丸
* 十一味能消丸 (shíyīwèi néngxiāowán)
* 十五味沉香丸 (shíwǔwèi chénxiāng wán)
* 十六味冬青丸 (shíliùwèi dōngqīng wán)
* 十香止痛丸 (shíxiāng zhǐtòng wán)
* 十香返生丸 (shíxiāng fǎnshēng wán)
* 古丸
* 和丸
* 和丸教子
* 和香丸
* 啪丸
* 四君子丸 (sìjūnzǐ wán)
* 四正丸 (sìzhèng wán)
* 四神丸 (sìshén wán)
* 固經丸 / 固经丸 (gùjīngwán)
* 大力丸 (dàlìwán)
* 大山楂丸 (dàshānzhā wán)
* 女金丸 (nǚjīn wán)
* 妙濟丸 / 妙济丸 (miàojì wán)
* 定心丸 (dìngxīnwán)
* 寬心丸 / 宽心丸 (kuānxīnwán)
* 寬心丸兒 / 宽心丸儿
* 小金丸 (xiǎojīn wán)
* 少腹逐瘀丸 (shàofù zhúyū wán)
* 尖米丸
* 巧丸
* 帛丸
* 弄丸
* 彈丸 / 弹丸
* 彈丸之地 / 弹丸之地 (dànwánzhīdì)
* 彈丸脫手 / 弹丸脱手
* 彈丸黑子 / 弹丸黑子
* 彈丸黑誌 / 弹丸黑志
* 得生丸 (déshēng wán)
* 快樂丸 / 快乐丸 (kuàilèwán)
* 息肌丸
* 戊己丸 (wùjǐ wán)
* 拋丸 / 抛丸
* 探丸
* 捶丸 (chuíwán)
* 探丸借客
* 控涎丸 (kòngxián wán)
* 探赤丸
* 探黑丸
* 揣丸
* 揈頭丸 / 揈头丸
* 搖丸 / 摇丸
* 搖頭丸 / 摇头丸 (yáotóuwán)
* 摶丸 / 抟丸
* 擊丸 / 击丸
* 擲丸 / 掷丸
* 木丸
* 木瓜丸 (mùguāwán)
* 松丸
* 松梅丸
* 桂枝茯苓丸 (guìzhī fúlíng wán)
* 桂附理中丸 (guìfù lǐzhōng wán)
* 梅丸
* 梅蘇丸 / 梅苏丸
* 棋丸
* 槐角丸 (huáijiǎo wán)
* 樟腦丸 / 樟脑丸 (zhāngnǎowán)
* 橘丸
* 櫝丸 / 椟丸
* 毛丸
* 水晶丸
* 汆丸子湯 / 汆丸子汤
* 沙丸
* 泥丸 (níwán)
* 泥丸宮 / 泥丸宫
* 流丸
* 清咽丸 (qīngyàn wán)
* 清瘟解毒丸 (qīngwēn jiědú wán)
* 清眩丸 (qīngxuàn wán)
* 清肺抑火丸 (qīngfèi yìhuǒ wán)
* 清肺消炎丸 (qīngfèi xiāoyán wán)
* 湯丸 / 汤丸
* 炸丸
* 炸丸子
* 熊丸
* 熊丸之教
* 燕丸
* 牛丸 (niúwán)
* 牢丸
* 獨睡丸 / 独睡丸
* 珍珠丸子
* 珠丸
* 琥珀抱龍丸 / 琥珀抱龙丸 (hǔpò bàolóngwán)
* 生血丸 (shēngxuèwán)
* 畫荻丸熊 / 画荻丸熊
* 畫荻和丸 / 画荻和丸
* 痛經丸 / 痛经丸 (tòngjīngwán)
* 白帶丸 / 白带丸 (báidàiwán)
* 百八丸
* 皾丸 / 𰤬丸
* 睪丸 / 睾丸
* 石斛夜光丸 (shíhú yèguāng wán)
* 糞丸 / 粪丸
* 糯米丸子
* 紅丸 / 红丸
* 紅丸案 / 红丸案
* 累丸
* 紫心丸
* 縛雞弄丸 / 缚鸡弄丸
* 繡丸 / 绣丸
* 羆丸 / 罴丸
* 羚羊清肺丸 (língyáng qīngfèiwán)
* 老泥丸
* 聰明丸 / 聪明丸
* 肉丸 (ròuwán)
* 肉丸子
* 脷底丸
* 脫手彈丸 / 脱手弹丸
* 臭丸
* 舒筋丸 (shūjīn wán)
* 舒肝丸 (shūgān wán)
* 舒肝和胃丸 (shūgān héwèi wán)
* 良附丸 (liángfù wán)
* 芎菊上清丸 (xiōngjú shàngqīng wán)
* 芝士丸
* 茴香橘核丸 (huíxiāng júhé wán)
* 蕞爾彈丸 / 蕞尔弹丸
* 薄血丸 (bóxuèwán)
* 藥丸 / 药丸 (yàowán)
* 蛤蚧定喘丸 (géjiè dìngchuǎn wán)
* 蜜丸
* 蜣丸
* 蜜丸子
* 蜣蜋轉丸 / 蜣蜋转丸
* 蜣郎轉丸 / 蜣郎转丸
* 蝦丸 / 虾丸
* 蠟丸 / 蜡丸
* 蠟丸帛書 / 蜡丸帛书
* 蠟丸書 / 蜡丸书
* 蠟丸絹書 / 蜡丸绢书
* 蠟丸體 / 蜡丸体
* 衛生丸 / 卫生丸 (wèishēngwán)
* 見連丸 / 见连丸
* 詩丸 / 诗丸
* 豨薟丸 / 豨莶丸 (xīxiānwán)
* 貢丸 / 贡丸 (gòngwán)
* 赤丸
* 赤白丸
* 走丸
* 走丸逆坂
* 走丸逆阪
* 跳丸
* 轉丸 / 转丸
* 送丸
* 逆阪走丸
* 通宣理肺丸 (tōngxuān lǐfèi wán)
* 避丸
* 避孕丸 (bìyùnwán)
* 金丸 (jīnwán)
* 金丸使者
* 鉛丸 / 铅丸
* 銅丸 / 铜丸
* 銀丸 / 银丸
* 鐵丸 / 铁丸
* 阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
* 阪走丸
* 附子理中丸 (fùzǐ lǐzhōng wán)
* 降糖丸 (jiàngtáng wán)
* 陷冰丸
* 隃糜丸
* 雙丸 / 双丸
* 雜丸 / 杂丸
* 難心丸 / 难心丸
* 雷丸 (léiwán)
* 青果丸 (qīngguǒ wán)
* 韇丸 / 𱁷丸
* 韥丸
* 須丸 / 须丸
* 順氣丸 / 顺气丸
* 飛丸 / 飞丸
* 飯丸 / 饭丸
* 香丸
* 香砂六君丸 (xiāngshā liùjūn wán)
* 香附丸 (xiāngfù wán)
* 魚丸 / 鱼丸 (yúwán)
* 魚丸子 / 鱼丸子
* 鴨頭丸帖 / 鸭头丸帖
* 鷺鷥咯丸 / 鹭鸶咯丸 (lùsīkǎwán)
* 鹹丸子 / 咸丸子
* 麝香保心丸 (shèxiāng bǎoxīn wán)
* 麻仁丸 (márén wán)
* 黃丸 / 黄丸
* 黃金丸 / 黄金丸
* 黑丸
* 墨丸
* 墨魚丸 / 墨鱼丸 (mòyúwán)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: viên

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huán (huan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^4$
*** Yale: wùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn²¹/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɦʷˤar/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 丸 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar) |
| English | 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

丸
* Used in 烏丸／乌丸.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* circle
* round
* whole
* pill

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: まる (maru, 丸, Jōyō)、まろ (maro, 丸)、まるい (marui, 丸い, Jōyō)、まるかす (marukasu, 丸かす)、まろかす (marokasu, 丸かす)、まるかせ (marukase, 丸かせ)、まろかせ (marokase, 丸かせ)、まるける (marukeru, 丸ける)、まろかる (marokaru, 丸かる)、まるっこい (marukkoi, 丸っこい)、まろぐ (marogu, 丸ぐ)、まるぐち (maruguchi, 丸ぐち)、まるごと (marugoto, 丸ごと)、まるみ (marumi, 丸み)、まるむ (marumu, 丸む)、まろむ (maromu, 丸む)、まるまる (marumaru, 丸まる)、まるめる (marumeru, 丸める, Jōyō)、まろめる (maromeru, 丸める)、まろやか (maroyaka, 丸やか)、まろらか (maroraka, 丸らか)、たま (tama, 丸)
* Nanori: たま (tama)、ま (ma)、まる (maru)、まろ (maro)、わ (wa)、わに (wani)
(Can we verify this pronunciation?)

#### Compounds

* 丸味
* 丸暗記, 丸諳記
* 丸一
* 丸一月
* 丸一週間
* 丸一日
* 丸一年
* 丸一晩
* 丸屋根
* 丸括弧
* 丸瓦
* 丸顔
* 丸鋸
* 丸型, 丸形
* 丸公
* 丸鋼
* 丸腰
* 丸剤
* 丸材
* 丸首
* 丸十
* 丸傷
* 丸窓
* 丸損
* 丸帯
* 丸底
* 丸天井
* 丸砥石
* 丸禿
* 丸秘
* 丸鼻蜂
* 丸坊主
* 丸本
* 丸網機
* 丸木
* 丸薬
* 丸裸
* 丸鑿
* 丸髷
* 一丸
* 黒丸
* 睾丸
* 銃丸
* 正露丸, 征露丸
* 弾丸
* 二重丸
* 砲丸
* 本丸

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 丸
* まる Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨maro$_2$⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/
Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).

#### Alternative forms

* (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まる [màrú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠ɾɯ̟]
* Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

#### Noun

丸(まる) • (maru)
* any round object:
** a circle
** a sphere, ball
** (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
** the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
** (by extension) something correct, good, or right
* (colloquial) money
    Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
* enclosure inside a castle's walls
* (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
* (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
* the circular outline of a Japanese crest
* (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
    Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
* term relating to completeness:
** fullness, wholeness
** meeting specific conditions
* a Japanese unit of weight
    1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
* a Japanese unit of counting washi
* a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district

##### Derived terms

* 丸(まる)い (marui)
* 丸(まる)かし (marukashi)
* 丸(まる)っこい (marukkoi)
* 丸(まる)で (marude)
* 丸(まる)まる (marumaru, “become rounded”)
* 丸(まる)み (marumi, “roundness”)
* 丸(まる)む (marumu), 丸(まる)める (marumeru)
* 丸丸(まるまる), 丸々(まるまる) (marumaru)
* 丸石(まるいし) (maruishi)
* 丸(まる)刈(が)り (marugari)
* 丸(まる)太(た) (maruta)
* 丸(まる)の儘(まま) (maru no mama)
* 丸(まる)彫(ぼ)り (marubori)
* 丸儲(まるもう)け (marumōke)
* 丸持(まるもち), 丸(まる)持(も)ち (marumochi)
* 木(き)の丸殿(まるどの) (ki no marudono)
* 二(に)の丸(まる) (ni no maru, “outer citadel”)
* 日(ひ)の丸(まる) (hi no maru), 日(ひ)の丸(まる) (Hinomaru)
* 真(ま)ん丸(まる) (manmaru, “perfect circle”)

#### Prefix

丸(まる) • (maru-)
* whole, complete

##### Derived terms

* 丸洗(まるあら)い (maru-arai)
* 丸(まる)写(うつ)し (maru-utsushi)
* 丸覚(まるおぼ)え (maru-oboe)
* 丸抱(まるがか)え (marugakae)
* 丸(まる)勝(が)ち (marugachi)
* 丸(まる)切(き)り (marukiri), 丸(まる)っ切(き)り (marukkiri)
* 丸(まる)ごと (marugoto)
* 丸(まる)出(だ)し (marudashi)
* 丸潰(まるつぶ)れ (marutsubure)
* 丸(まる)取(ど)り (marudori)
* 丸(まる)呑(の)み (marunomi)
* 丸干(まるぼし), 丸(まる)干(ぼ)し (maruboshi)
* 丸(まる)負(ま)け (marumake)
* 丸(まる)見(み)え (marumie)
* 丸(まる)焼(や)き (maruyaki)
* 丸(まる)焼(や)け (maruyake)

#### Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru)
* suffix for ship names

#### Proper noun

丸(まる) • (Maru)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 丸
* まる Grade: 2
* kun'yomi

#### Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru)
* Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

#### Pronoun

丸(まる) • (maru)
* (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 丸
* まろ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨maro$_2$⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/
From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

#### Adjective

丸(まろ) • (maro) $^†$-nari
* round
* plump and thick
* all, whole
    Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

#### Noun

丸(まろ) • (maro)
* a round object
* all, whole
* coins, money
    Synonym: 銭 (zeni)

##### Derived terms

* 丸(まろ)い (maroi)
* 丸(まろ)かし, 塊(まろかし) (marokashi)
* 丸(まろ)かす (marokasu)
* 丸(まろ)かる (marokaru)
* 丸(まろ)ぐ (marogu)
* 丸(まろ)む (maromu), 丸(まろ)める (maromeru)
* 丸(まろ)寝(ね) (marone)
* 丸(まろ)臥(ぶ)し (marobushi)
* 丸(まろ)寄生(ほや) (marohoya)
* 丸虫(まろむし) (maromushi)
* 丸(まろ)屋(や) (maroya)
* 木(き)の丸殿(まろどの) (ki no marodono), 木(こ)の丸殿(まろどの) (ko no marodono)

#### Proper noun

丸(まろ) • (Maro)
* a surname

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 丸
* がん Grade: 2
* on'yomi
/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/
From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC hwan).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がん [gáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡã̠ɴ]

#### Affix

丸(がん) • (gan)
* round; circular

##### Derived terms

* 螺(ら)旋(せん)丸(がん) (rasengan)

#### Noun

丸(がん) • (gan)
* a meatball, fishball
* a pill
    Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

#### Proper noun

丸(がん) • (Gan)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丸

## Vietnamese
### Han character

丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp, viên

### Noun

(classifier 丸 (viên)) 丸
* chữ Hán form of hoàn (“(medicine) a pellet, round tablet”).

### Verb

丸
* chữ Nôm form of viên (“to round off; to make round; to ball up”).

### Classifier

丸
* chữ Nôm form of viên (“indicates small, solid things”).
* chữ Nôm form of hòn.
** used for small, solid, and roundish objects
** used for standalone mountains and islands

### References

* Nôm Foundation