# wildcat
## English
### Alternative forms

* wild-cat, wild cat

### Etymology

From Middle English wyld cat, wylde cat (in the plural as wild cattes, wylde catis, wyle cattes), equivalent to wild +‎ cat. Cognate with Middle Low German wiltkatte, German Wildkatze, Swedish vildkatt.
Its adjectival senses were originally American and derived from the "wildcat banks" of Michigan, following its elevation to statehood in 1837. Two laws—one easing the requirements for establishing a new bank and another occasioned by the Panic of 1837 that removed the need for payment in specie—led to the creation and collapse of around 50 banks within two years. The term is apocryphally derived from a wildcat supposedly featured on the currency printed by one of these banks, but more probably derived from the remote locations "where the wildcats roamed" chosen by these banks to avoid oversight and minimize redemption of notes.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈwaɪldˌkæt/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt/, [ˈwaɪ.əlʔˌkæt]
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: wild‧cat

### Noun

wildcat (plural wildcats)
* A cat that lives in the wilderness, specifically:
** (UK) Felis silvestris, a common small Old World wild cat somewhat larger than a house cat.
** (US) A bobcat (Lynx rufus) or other similar New World species of lynx.
** Any feral cat.
** (uncommon) Alternative spelling of wild cat, any undomesticated felid, as tigers or lions.
*** 2003 April 24, CNN
    Upon checking it out, we found a total of 13 newborn wildcats: nine newborn tigers and two newborn leopards.
* (figurative) A person who acts like a wildcat, (usually) a violent and easily-angered person or a sexually vigorous one.
** 2002 September 26, The Young and the Restless
    Anyone who's man enough to have landed a wildcat like you had to be quite a guy.
* (American football) An offensive formation with an unbalanced line and a snap directly to the running back rather than the quarterback.
* (nautical) A wheel that can be adjusted so as to revolve either with or on the shaft of a capstan.
* (firearms) Clipping of wildcat cartridge.
* (uncommon) Clipping of wildcat strike, a strike undertaken without authorization from the relevant trade union.
* (obsolete) Clipping of wildcat money, notes issued by a wildcat bank.

#### Synonyms

* (Eurasian wildcats): desert cat
* (American wildcats): See bobcat
* (wild house cats): See feral cat

#### Hypernyms

* (felines): See cat, lynx, and wild cat

#### Hyponyms

* (Eurasian wildcats, proper subspecies): European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris), African wildcat (F. s. lybica), Asiatic wildcat (F. s. ornata), Southern African wildcat (F. s. cafra), Chinese mountain cat (F. s. bieti)
* (Eurasian wildcats, informal types): Abyssinian wildcat, Arabian wildcat, Balearic wildcat, bay wildcats, bush wildcats, Caucasian wildcat, Corsica wildcat, Cretan wildcat, East African wildcat, forest wildcats, Hausa wildcat, Iraqi wildcat, Kalahari wildcat, Mid-belt wildcat, Mongolian wildcat, Rhodesian wildcat, Scottish wildcat, steppe wildcats, Syrian wildcat, Tristram's wildcat, Turkestan wildcat, Ugandan wildcat

#### Derived terms

* Abyssinian wildcat
* African wildcat
* Arabian wildcat
* Asian steppe wildcat
* Asiatic wildcat
* Balearic wildcat
* bay wildcat
* bush wildcat
* Caucasian wildcat
* Corsica wildcat
* Cretan wildcat
* East African wildcat
* European wildcat
* forest wildcat
* Hausa wildcat
* Highland wildcat
* Iraqi wildcat
* Kalahari wildcat
* Martelli's wildcat
* Mid-belt wildcat
* Mongolian wildcat
* Near Eastern wildcat
* Rhodesian wildcat
* Scottish wildcat
* Southern African wildcat
* Syrian wildcat
* Tristram's wildcat
* Turkestan wildcat
* Ugandan wildcat
* wildcat sandwich
* wildcat well

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

wildcat (not comparable)
* (usually derogatory) Of or concerning businesses operating outside standard or legitimate practice, especially:
** 1946, Sigurd Jay Simonsen, The Mongrels:Then the development of the home country was neglected for some wildcat idea of bringing up the backward people of other lands.
** 1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 44:[…] the Tank being a small arena theatre located out between a traffic analysis firm and a wildcat transistor outfit that hadn't been there last year and wouldn't be this coming but meanwhile was underselling even the Japanese and hauling in loot by the steamshovelful.
** (derogatory, dated) Of or concerning irresponsible banks or banking, (particularly) small, independent operations.
** (oil industry) Of or concerning oil exploration in new areas, (particularly) small, independent operations.
** Of or concerning actions undertaken by workers without approval or in defiance of the formal leadership of their trade unions.
* (firearms) Of or concerning customized or hand-made cartridges.
* Unauthorized by the proper authorities.
** 2003 June 15, CNN
    Jewish settlers have also been active putting up five new wildcat outposts on hilltops in the West Bank to try to thwart their Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.

#### Derived terms

* semiwildcat
* wildcat bank
* wildcat banking
* wildcat currency
* wildcat money
* wildcat note
* wildcat strike

#### Translations
### Verb

wildcat (third-person singular simple present wildcats, present participle wildcatting, simple past and past participle wildcatted)
* (oil industry) To drill for oil in an area where no oil has been found before.
    You'd have to be very rich or very desperate to go wildcatting that far east.
** 2018 August 30, Bethany McLean, “How America's ‘most reckless’ billionaire created the fracking boom”, in The Guardian‎:His pitch was that fracking had transformed the production of gas from a hit-or-miss proposition to one that operated with an on and off switch. It was manufacturing, not wildcatting.

#### Derived terms

* wildcatter
* wilkies

### See also

* Wildcat formation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* (Eurasian wildcat): Martelli's wildcat (F. lunensis), sand cat, jungle cat, black-footed cat
* (American wildcat): See bobcat and lynx

### References

* ↑ Wittmann, Matthew. "The Wildcat Bank of Brest" for Pocket Change: The Blog of the American Numismatic Society. 14 May 2015.
* ↑ Dunbar, Willis F. & al. Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State, pp. 222 ff.
* ↑ Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. "Wild-cat". G. & C. Merriam Co., 1913.
* ↑ Dwyer, Gerald P. Jr. "Wildcat Banking, Banking Panics, and Free Banking in the United States" for Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1996.

### Anagrams

* clitwad