# 居

| 居 | U+5C45, &#23621; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C45 |
| ← 屄 [U+5C44] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 屆 → [U+5C46] |

## Translingual
### Han character

居 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸十口 (SJR), four-corner 7726$_4$, composition ⿸尸古)

#### Derived characters

* 𡍄, 据, 裾, 琚, 椐, 鶋, 蜛, 崌, 涺, 𤉸, 腒, 鋸, 倨, 婮, 踞, 𩤅, 剧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7663
* Dae Jaweon: page 597, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 968, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5C45

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 居 :
| Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯ, *kas): semantic 尸 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jū (ju$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geoi$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gui$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kî
    (Hailu, HRS): gi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kir / ku / ki
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ge$^1$ / gu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ciu; $^1$ke
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^1$
*** Yale: gēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kui³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
*** Tâi-lô: kir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
*** Tâi-lô: ku
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kw
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
*** Tâi-lô: ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ky
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /ki⁵⁵/
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /ki³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ge$^1$ / gu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/
* ge1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
* gu1 - Chaoyang.
* Middle Chinese: kjo
Rime :
| Character | 居 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 九魚切 |
| Baxter | kjo |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)a/, /*k(r)a-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 居 | 居 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jū | jū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjo › | ‹ kjo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)a/ | /*k(r)a-s/ (based on rhyme evidence) |
| English | squat; stay, dwell | dwelling |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 居 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4264 |
| Phonetic component | 古 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 居 |
| Old Chinese | /*kas/ |

#### Definitions

居
* to live; to dwell; to reside
* to occupy (a place or position); to be located at; to rank
* to stay put; to sit down
* to store up; to stockpile
* to claim
* house; residence; dwelling
* restaurant
* 39th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "residence" (𝌬)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不居
* 世居 (shìjū)
* 久居 (jiǔjū)
* 介居
* 仙居 (xiānjū)
* 位居要津
* 僑居 / 侨居 (qiáojū)
* 僦居 (jiùjū)
* 儕居 / 侪居
* 內地雜居 / 内地杂居
* 六一居士
* 共居
* 分別部居 / 分别部居
* 分居 (fēnjū)
* 分財各居 / 分财各居
* 別有居心 / 别有居心
* 功成不居
* 匿居
* 卜居 (bǔjū)
* 同居 (tóngjū)
* 同居人
* 同居各爨
* 哀居 (Āijū)
* 喪居 / 丧居 (sāngjū)
* 囤積居奇 / 囤积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
* 土居
* 外僑居留 / 外侨居留
* 奇貨可居 / 奇货可居 (qíhuòkějū)
* 姘居 (pīnjū)
* 孀居 (shuāngjū)
* 安居 (ānjū)
* 安居樂業 / 安居乐业 (ānjūlèyè)
* 定居 (dìngjū)
* 客居
* 宸居
* 家居 (jiājū)
* 寄居 (jìjū)
* 寄居蟹 (jìjūxiè)
* 寓居 (yùjū)
* 寡居 (guǎjū)
* 對門而居 / 对门而居
* 尸居餘氣 / 尸居余气 (shījūyúqì)
* 尸居龍見 / 尸居龙见
* 居下訕上 / 居下讪上
* 居不重席
* 居不重茵
* 居中 (jūzhōng)
* 居中調停 / 居中调停 (jūzhōngtiáotíng)
* 居之不疑
* 居人 (jūrén)
* 居仁由義 / 居仁由义
* 居今稽古
* 居住 (jūzhù)
* 居住密度
* 居住環境 / 居住环境
* 居住自由
* 居停
* 居停主人
* 居其大半
* 居功 (jūgōng)
* 居功自傲 (jūgōngzì'ào)
* 居功自恃
* 居喪 / 居丧 (jūsāng)
* 居址
* 居士 (jūshì)
* 居士屩 / 居士𪨗
* 居多 (jūduō)
* 居大不易
* 居奇 (jūqí)
* 居孀 (jūshuāng)
* 居安思危 (jū'ānsīwēi)
* 居安慮危 / 居安虑危
* 居安資深 / 居安资深
* 居官 (jūguān)
* 居室 (jūshì)
* 居家 (jūjiā)
* 居居
* 居屋 (jūwū)
* 居常
* 居庸關 / 居庸关 (Jūyōngguān)
* 居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)
* 居心 (jūxīn)
* 居心不良 (jūxīnbùliáng)
* 居心叵測 / 居心叵测 (jūxīnpǒcè)
* 居心無愧 / 居心无愧
* 居息
* 居憂 / 居忧
* 居所 (jūsuǒ)
* 居攝 / 居摄
* 居易
* 居業 / 居业
* 居次 (jūcì)
* 居止
* 居正
* 居民 (jūmín)
* 居民樓 / 居民楼
* 居然 (jūrán)
* 居無定所 / 居无定所 (jūwúdìngsuǒ)
* 居無求安 / 居无求安
* 居留 (jūliú)
* 居留權 / 居留权 (jūliúquán)
* 居留證 / 居留证 (jūliúzhèng)
* 居積 / 居积
* 居第
* 居處 / 居处
* 居貞 / 居贞
* 居貧 / 居贫
* 居賣 / 居卖
* 居里 (jūlǐ)
* 居里夫人
* 居間 / 居间 (jūjiān)
* 居首 (jūshǒu)
* 居高
* 居高不下 (jūgāobùxià)
* 居高思危
* 居高臨下 / 居高临下 (jūgāolínxià)
* 屏居 (bǐngjū)
* 屯積居奇 / 屯积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
* 山居 (shānjū)
* 巖居穴處 / 岩居穴处
* 巖居谷飲 / 岩居谷饮
* 巢居穴處 / 巢居穴处
* 巢木居野
* 帝居
* 平居
* 幽居 (yōujū)
* 康居 (Kāngjū)
* 康居園 / 康居园 (Kāngjūyuán)
* 張居正 / 张居正
* 後來居上 / 后来居上 (hòuláijūshàng)
* 徙居 (xǐjū)
* 恥居人下 / 耻居人下
* 恥居王後 / 耻居王后
* 惡濕居下 / 恶湿居下
* 愚公之居
* 推燥居濕 / 推燥居湿
* 故居 (gùjū)
* 散居 (sǎnjū)
* 斗居 (dǒujū)
* 新居 (xīnjū)
* 旅居 (lǚjū)
* 村居野店
* 東坡居士 / 东坡居士
* 析居
* 樂業安居 / 乐业安居
* 歲月不居 / 岁月不居
* 比鄰而居 / 比邻而居
* 民居 (mínjū)
* 水上居民
* 水居
* 泰然居之
* 洞居
* 混居 (hùnjū)
* 深居九重 (shēn jū jiǔchóng)
* 深居簡出 / 深居简出 (shēnjūjiǎnchū)
* 溫居 / 温居 (wēnjū)
* 潛居 / 潜居
* 火居道士
* 煢居 / 茕居
* 煙火鄰居 / 烟火邻居
* 燕居
* 爰居
* 狼居胥山
* 獨居 / 独居 (dújū)
* 獨居監禁 / 独居监禁
* 甘居中游
* 白居易
* 移居 (yíjū)
* 穴居 (xuéjū)
* 穴居野處 / 穴居野处
* 窟居
* 窮大失居 / 穷大失居
* 端居
* 索居 (suǒjū)
* 結夏安居 / 结夏安居
* 群居 (qúnjū)
* 群居和一
* 群居穴處 / 群居穴处
* 老鄰居 / 老邻居
* 聚居 (jùjū)
* 自居 (zìjū)
* 舊居 / 旧居 (jiùjū)
* 荒居
* 蓬室居
* 蕩析離居 / 荡析离居
* 薛居正
* 蝸居 / 蜗居 (wōjū)
* 蝸居蟻垤 / 蜗居蚁垤
* 蟄居 / 蛰居 (zhéjū)
* 蠹居棋處 / 蠹居棋处
* 街坊鄰居 / 街坊邻居
* 謫居 / 谪居 (zhéjū)
* 變動不居 / 变动不居
* 起居 (qǐjū)
* 起居室 (qǐjūshì)
* 起居注
* 躍居 / 跃居
* 辭尊居卑 / 辞尊居卑
* 退居 (tuìjū)
* 退居幕後 / 退居幕后
* 送往事居
* 逸居
* 遷居 / 迁居 (qiānjū)
* 鄉居 / 乡居
* 鄰居 / 邻居 (línjū)
* 里居
* 長居 / 长居
* 閑居 / 闲居
* 閒居 / 闲居 (xiánjū)
* 限制住居
* 隱居 / 隐居 (yǐnjū)
* 集居
* 雜居 / 杂居 (zájū)
* 離群索居 / 离群索居 (líqúnsuǒjū)
* 青蓮居士 / 青莲居士
* 飲食起居 / 饮食起居 (yǐnshíqǐjū)
* 香山居士
* 鰥居 / 鳏居 (guānjū)
* 鳩居 / 鸠居
* 鳩居鵲巢 / 鸠居鹊巢 (jiūjūquècháo)
* 鶉居 / 鹑居
* 齋居蔬食 / 斋居蔬食

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī (ji$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$
*** Yale: gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
*** Tâi-lô: ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ky
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ki
Rime :
| Character | 居 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居之切 |
| Baxter | ki |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiə/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ka/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 居 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjo › |
| Old Chinese | /*ka/ |
| English | final particle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 居 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4209 |
| Phonetic component | 古 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 姬 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯ/ |

#### Definitions

居
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A modal particle.

#### Compounds

* 何居 (héjī)
* 居諸 / 居诸 (jīzhū)
* 日居月諸 / 日居月诸 (rìjī yuèzhū)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jù (ju$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kù
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^4$
*** Yale: jyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^3$
*** Yale: geui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kù
*** Tâi-lô: kù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ku¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku²¹/

#### Definitions

居
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 倨 (jù, “haughty”)
       From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
       Gāoqiú bàoqū, zì wǒ rén jūjū. [Pinyin]
       Lamb's fur and leopard's cuffs, you use us with unkindness.

### References

* “居”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01084

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* to sit

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)
* Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
* Kun: いる (iru, 居る, Jōyō)、おる (oru, 居る)、おり (ori, 居り)、おく (oku, 居く)、い (i, 居)、お (o, 居)
* Nanori: お (o)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 居
* きょ Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 居 (kjo).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょ [kyóꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲo̞]

#### Noun

居(きょ) • (kyo)
* residence

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 居
* い Grade: 5
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i]

#### Noun

居(い) • (i)
* being (in a place), sitting (in a place); a seat

##### Derived terms

* 居(い)眠(ねむ)り (inemuri, “dozing while sitting”)
* 居留守(いるす) (irusu, “pretending to be absent from home”)
* 位(くらい) (kurai, “grade, rank”)
* 鳥(とり)居(い) (torī, “torii gate”, literally "bird stand, bird perch")

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

居 • (geo, gi) (hangeul 거, 기)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

居: Hán Nôm readings: cư
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.