# turēt
## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *turētei, from Proto-Indo-European *turH-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to enclose, grab”). In other words, from the same stem as tvert (“to grasp, to grab”), of which it was originally the iterative-durative form. (It is also possible that there was a semantically close verb *turt, from the same stem as tvert, with turēt being its iterative-durative form).
Cognates include Lithuanian turė́ti (“to have; to holt, to need”), Old Prussian turīt, turītwei (“to have; to need”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tuɾɛ̂ːt]
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### Verb

turēt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present turu, turi, tur, past turēju)
* to hold (to keep something that was taken, grabbed, in a fixed position, e.g., in one's hands, lap, back, etc.)
    turēt sveci rokā ― to hold the candle in (one's) hands
    turēt rokā fotoaparātu ― to hold the camera in (one's) hands
    turēt grožus ― to hold the reins
    turēt zobos ― to hold (something) in (one's) teeth
    turēt klēpī grozu ― to hold a basket in (one's) lap
    turēt uz rokas bērnu ― to hold a child in (one's) hand(s)
    turēt uz muguras maisu ― to hold a sack on (one's) back
    turēt padusē mapi ― to hold a folder under one's arm
    viņš rokā turēja lielu, dzeltenu ādas čemodānu ― he had (lit. held) a big, yellow leather suitcase in (his) hand(s)
* to hold (to not allow someone, something to move freely, to keep someone, something in its place, to force someone, something to not move)
    turēt pie rokas bērnu ― to hold a child by the hand
    turēt kādu aiz rokas ― to hold someone by the hand
    turēt aiz saites suni ― to keep (lit. hold) a dog on a leash
    saulainās dienās viņš valkāja tikai īsas bikšeles, tās turēja pāri sīkajiem pleciem pārmestas lences ― in sunny days he wore only shorts, held (in place) (by) straps (= suspenders) over his little shoulders
* (of bodies, their parts) to keep (to position the body in a certain way and to make it remain so)
    turēt ķermeni taisni ― to keep (one's) body straight
    turēt rokas kabatās ― to keep (one's) hands on (one's) pockets
    turēt acis vaļa ― to keep (one's) eyes open
    neturēt muti vaļā ― to not keep (one's) mouth open
    turēt ausis ciet ― to keep (one's) ears closed (with one's hands)
* to keep, to hold (to make (someone, something) be or stay in some place, state or condition)
    turēt arestēto apsardzībā ― to keep the arrested person in custody
    turēt aitas kūtī ― to keep the sheep in the barn
    turēt govis pa nakti laukā ― to keep the cows in the field overnight
    nebēdājieties, bez vajadzības slimnīcā neturēsim' ― don't worry, we won't keep (him) in hospital without need
    zosis var turēt nelielos iežogojumos ― geese can be kept in small enclosures
    nevar taču cilvēku turēt cietumā tikai tāpēc, ka viņš nespēj pierādīt, ka nav vainīgs ― after all, one cannot keep a person in prison only because he cannot prove that he is not guilty
    visu ciemu viņi turēja zem ložmetēju uguns ― he kept the whole village under machine gun fire
    krāsns netur siltumu ― the oven doesn't keep the warmth (i.e., it doesn't keep the food inside warm for long if it is turned off)
* to keep, to hold (to make (something) be or stay for some time in a certain situation, condition, or place)
    turēt durvis atvērtas ― to keep the door open
    turēt logus vaļa ― to keep the window open
    turēt ieroci gatavībā ― to keep (one's) weapon ready
    turēt produktus aukstumā ― to keep the vegetables cold
    turēt telpas kārtībā ― to keep the rooms in order, tidy
* to keep, to have (to make sure that some product is available)
    kāpēc jūs neturat savā veikalā līgavas tērpus? ― why don't you keep bridal clothes in your shop?
    prece, kuru viņš turēja nebija no sliktākajām ― the product(s) which he kept, had (in his shop) were not of the worst (kind)
* (in memory, in mind) to keep, to bear (to remember, to remain aware of something)
    kādu laiku turēju šo sarunu atmiņā ― for a while I kept this conversation in (my) memory
    viņš bija turējis prātā līdzību, kurā stāstīts par saules un vētras derību ― he had kept in mind the parable in which (one) tells about the bet between the sun and the storm
* to keep, to hold, to run, to have (to own (property), to manage, administer it, to take care of it)
    turēt lauku mājas ― to keep, to have a farmhouse
    turēt akcijas ― to hold, to have stocks
    turēt zosis ― to keep, raise geese
    turēt terārijos rāpuļus ― to keep reptiles in a terrarium
    pirms kara viņš bija turējis viesnīcu ― before the war he had kept, run a hotel
    pirms kara saimnieks turējis kādas desmit piecpadsmit govis ― before the war the farmer (had) kept some ten, fifteen cows
* to keep (to hire, to employ, usually in one's farm, home)
    turēt kalponi, aukli ― to keep a maid, a nanny
* to keep (to allow someone to stay, to live in one's home)
    Kate tika turēta nevis kā saimnieku audžu meita, bet itin kā kad būtu viņu pašu bērns ― Kate was kept not as the landlord's foster daughter, but as if she were his own child
* (of vehicles) to keep, to hold (to cause to remain moving in a certain direction)
    turēt laivu vairāk pa labi ― to keep the ship on the right
    turot kursu uz Rīgu, franču tvaikonis ātri attālinās ― holding course toward Rīga, the French steamer went quickly away
    “tā turēt!” atskan komanda no kapteiņa tiltiņa ― “keep like that!” (= hold course, do not change direction), the command came from the captain's bridge
* (of people) to keep, to hold (to prevent from going away, from moving, acting freely)
    Ieva vēl gan turēja un turēja Trīni, kamēr galu galā tak atlaida ― Ieva indeed kept holding (lit. held and held) Trīni, but in the end she let her go
    Kristaps gribēja apprecēties; nekas taču neturēja: abi brīvi cilvēki, arī mīlestība pietiekami pārbauditā grūtās dienās ― Kristaps wanted to get married; nothing held/kept (= prevented) him (from it): both (were) free people, (and) their love had been sufficiently tested in difficult days
* (with savā varā) to keep in one's power (to limit someone's freedom of motion or action)
    es pazinu arī ķēniņmeitu, ko velns turēja savā varā un ko Arājdēlam vajadzēja atpestīt ― I know also a princess whom the devil kept in his power and whom Arājdēls had to liberate
    večuka skatiens mani turēja savā varā ― the old man's look kept me in his power
* (with an object and a predicate) to keep (someone, something) in a certain state or situation
    turēt kārtībā ― to keep (something) in order, tidy
    tīri apģērbtus viņa turēja savus bērnus ― she kept her children cleanly dressed (= in clean clothes)
    pavadoņu uztveršnas aparatūra turēs radiokontrolē praktiski visu zemeslodes virsmu ― the satellite's reception engine will keep practically the entire surface of the earth under radio control
    karalis grib, lai viņa kalpus tur tā, ka tie neaizmirst drebēt ― the king wants that his servants be kept so (= in such a way) that they don't forget (how to) tremble (= to be afraid)
* to keep, to hold (to link, to connect with something)
    visas lietas turēja citu pie citas kā piesietas desmit saitēm ― all things were held together (lit. one by the other) like ten ropes tied (to each other)
    vienīga saite, kas viņu vēl turēja pie dzīves, bija Paulis ― the only link that still kept him (connected to) life, was Paulis
* to keep, to hold, to keep up, to keep going (to be able to perform; to be able to cope, put up with something unpleasant)
    Jānim nebija veselības, nevarēja smago lauku darbu turēt ― Jānis didn't have (good) health, he could not keep the heavy farm work
    tilta balsti neturēs ledus spiedienu ― the fundament of the bridge will not hold the pressure of the ice
    darbs turpinājās līdz vēlam vakaram; Ojārs dūšīgi turēja līdz galam ― work continued till late at night; Ojārs bravely held, kept
    drīz vien ilkss ir salabota: “nez vai turēs?” šaubīdamies ieminos... “turēs! tikpat kā jauna...” ― soon the limb was repaired: “will it hold?” (he) asked doubtfully... “(yes), it will hold! just like new...”
* to keep, to hold (to prevent something undesirable from going through)
    vecās turpes neturēja mitrumu ― the old shoes did not keep humidity (out)
    sienām vēsums velk cauri, un jumts labi lietu netur ― the cold pulled through the walls, and the roof did not hold the rain well (= did not keep it out completely)
* to hold, to consider, to think of something, someone in a certain way
    turēt grāmatu par vajadzīgu ― to hold the book to be important
    turēt darbu par pienākumu ― to consider work as a duty
    turēt kaimiņu par zagli ― to consider the neighbor a thief
    turēt (ko) zem sava goda ― to consider (something) beneath one's honor (= to believe it not consistent with one's moral standards)
    kas tā bija par milzīgu naudu! par tik bagātu Mālnieku neviens neturēja ― what an enormous amount of money! nobody had thought that Mālnieks was so rich
    turēdams cilvēkus labākus, nekā viņi tiesām ir, tapsi dažu labu reizi pievilts ― (by) considering people to be better than they really are, one is often disappointed
* (of emotions, usually negative) to keep, to hold (to go on feeling, expressing it, generally for a long time)
    turēt dusmas (uz kādu) ― to hold (= feel) anger (at someone)
    turēt naudu ― to hold, keep hatred (= to go on hating)
    turēt rūpi (par kādu, par ko) ― to worry (lit. keep worries) about someone, something
* (of laugh, tears) to hold, to control, to prevent
    šur tur kāds rīstījās, turēdams smieklus, dažs vairs nespēja valdīties un smējās, iespiedis muti spilvenā ― here and there someone (= some people) choked, holding (their) laugh, some could not control themselves and laughed, pressing their mouths against the pillow(s)
* (of promises) to keep, to fulfill
    turēt solījumu, zvērestu ― to keep a promise, an oath
* (dated sense) to keep, to take, to take part in, to participate
    Saleniek, jums ir jātur eksāmens uz otro klasi ― Salenieks, you must hold (= take) the exam in the other class
    vienīgi māte, es un sētas suns turējam mājas sardzi ― only mother, I and the fence dog kept guard (in the) house
* (dated sense) to hold, to speak, to pronounce
    turēt runu, sprediķi ― to hold (= pronounce) a speech, a sermon
    turēt aizdomās (kādu) ― to hold someone in suspicion (= to suspect someone)

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* aizturēt
* apturēt
* atturēt
* ieturēt
* izturēt
* noturēt
* paturēt
* pārturēt
* pieturēt
* saturēt
* uzturēt
    other derived terms:
* turēties
* tureklis

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “turēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN