# 括

| 括 | U+62EC, &#25324; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EC |
| ← 拫 [U+62EB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 拭 → [U+62ED] |

## Translingual
### Han character

括 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹十口 (QHJR), four-corner 5206$_4$, composition ⿰扌舌)

#### Derived characters

* 𰄷, 𠸓, 𣸅, 葀, 𰪆, 𣕔, 𮖔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11988
* Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1870, character 1
* Unihan data for U+62EC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 咶 | *qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd |
| 話 | *ɡroːds |
| 刮 | *kroːd |
| 鴰 | *kroːd, *koːd |
| 趏 | *kroːd, *kʰroːd |
| 舌 | *ɡroːd, *ɦbljed |
| 姡 | *ɡroːd, *ɡoːd |
| 頢 | *ɡroːd, *koːd |
| 括 | *koːd |
| 活 | *koːd, *ɡoːd |
| 适 | *koːd, *kʰoːd |
| 栝 | *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 佸 | *koːd, *ɡoːd |
| 髺 | *koːd |
| 聒 | *koːd |
| 銛 | *koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 葀 | *koːd |
| 懖 | *koːd |
| 筈 | *koːd, *kʰoːd |
| 萿 | *koːd |
| 蛞 | *kʰoːd |
| 闊 | *kʰoːd |
| 秳 | *ɡoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːd): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuò, guā
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kut$^3$ / gwaat$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): guák
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koat / khoat / koah
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guag$^4$ / guêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$kuaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuo$^4$
*** Yale: kwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
*** Palladius: ко (ko)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guā
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gua
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^1$
*** Yale: gwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
*** Palladius: гуа (gua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kut$^3$ / gwaat$^3$
*** Yale: kut / gwaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kut$^8$ / gwaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kud$^3$ / guad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaːt̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guák
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɑʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
*** Tâi-lô: kuat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat
*** Tâi-lô: khuat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
*** Tâi-lô: kuah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
* koat/khoat - literary;
* koah - vernacular (“Classifier for groups of people”).
* Middle Chinese: kwat
Rime :
| Character | 括 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古活切 |
| Baxter | kwat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 括 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7567 |
| Phonetic component | 桰 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 括 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːd/ |
| Notes | 從氏下口聲同有塞義 |

### Definitions

括
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to tie; to tie up; to tie together
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to seek; to search for
* to embrace; to enclose
* to include; to encompass
* to enclose in brackets
* a surname
* (Hokkien) Classifier for groups of people.

#### Synonyms

* (group of people): 伙 (huǒ), 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 群 (qún)

### Compounds

* 刷括
* 包括 (bāokuò)
* 含括 (hánkuò)
* 囊括 (nángkuò)
* 大括弧
* 帖括
* 帖括業 / 帖括业
* 扎括
* 括刷
* 括剌剌
* 括囊
* 括囊守祿 / 括囊守禄
* 括囊拱手
* 括地皮
* 括帖
* 括弧 (kuòhú)
* 括括叫
* 括搭
* 括毒
* 括約肌 / 括约肌 (kuòyuējī)
* 括號 / 括号 (kuòhào)
* 括髮 / 括发
* 搜括 (sōuguā)
* 概括 (gàikuò)
* 概括承受
* 機括 / 机括
* 檢括 / 检括
* 檃括
* 櫽括 / 𬄩括
* 沈括
* 瘦括括
* 盆成括
* 盤成括 / 盘成括
* 簡括 / 简括 (jiǎnkuò)
* 籠括 / 笼括
* 統括 / 统括 (tǒngkuò)
* 綜括 / 综括 (zōngkuò)
* 總括 / 总括 (zǒngkuò)
* 罵罵括括 / 骂骂括括
* 賅括 / 赅括
* 隱括 / 隐括
* 頂括括 / 顶括括

### Descendants

* → Thai: กวด (gùuat)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fasten, tie up, arrest, constrict (Can we verify this sense?)

#### Readings

* Go-on: かち (kachi)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: くくる (kukuru, 括る)、くくり (kukuri)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 括 (MC kwat). Recorded as Middle Korean 괄〮 (kwál) (Yale: kwal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 括 (eumhun 묶을 괄 (mukkeul gwal))
* hanja form of 괄 (“inclusion; encompass”)

#### Compounds

* 괄약근 (括約筋, gwaryakgeun, “(anatomy) sphincter”)
* 괄호 (括弧, gwalho, “a parenthesis; a bracket”)
* 일괄 (一括, ilgwal, “doing in bulk; in a lump sum; lump package”)
* 총괄 (總括, chonggwal, “general; overall; summary”)
* 통괄 (統括, tonggwal, “unification”)
* 포괄 (包括, pogwal, “comprehensiveness”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

括: Hán Nôm readings: quát, khoát, quất, quét
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.