# 徵

| 徵 | U+5FB5, &#24501; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB5 |
| ← 徴 [U+5FB4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徶 → [U+5FB6] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 徵 |
| Shinjitai | 徴 |
| Simplified | 征/徵 |

### Han character

徵 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人山土大 (HOUGK), four-corner 2824$_0$, composition ⿲彳⿳山一𡈼攵 or ⿲彳⿳山一壬攵)

#### Derived characters

* 𭒧, 𰎾, 𢷸, 瀓, 𭺉, 𦘇, 𧢡, 𮣚, 𨟃, 㠞, 懲, 𪿂, 藢, 癥, 𨷣

#### Related characters

* 微 徹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 370, character 41
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10239
* Dae Jaweon: page 697, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 842, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5FB5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 徵 | *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ |
| 癥 | *tɯŋ |
| 澂 | *dɯŋ |
| 懲 | *dɯŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 彳 (“movement”) + 𭖒 (“knife”) + 攵 (“to strike”) – originally meaning punishment.
Originally written as 𭖒 in oracle bone script; pictogram (象形) of a knife with tooth-shaped protrusions on the back. Variants which added 止 (“foot”) were common. In bronze inscriptions, 彳 was often added to the character as well. In bamboo slips, 止 was replaced with 攵, arriving at the modern form.

### Etymology 1

Related to 證 (OC *tjɯŋs).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhēng (zheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂n
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zen$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): déng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / teng / chng / tin
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$ / dêng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^1$
*** Yale: jēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂n
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sən⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: déng
*** Sinological IPA : /teiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
*** Tâi-lô: tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng
*** Tâi-lô: ting
*** Phofsit Daibuun: defng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
*** Tâi-lô: tsng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tin
*** Tâi-lô: tin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dyn
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tin⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^1$ / dêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / teng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ³³/, /teŋ³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit徵 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/ /t͡səŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sen⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡səŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sen³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡seŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂən³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂən³³³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɨn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sən⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃen²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡seŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /teiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡seŋ³³/ /teŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡seŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tring
Rime :
| Character | 徵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟陵切 |
| Baxter | tring |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*trəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 徵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tring › |
| Old Chinese | /*trəŋ/ |
| English | examine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17159 |
| Phonetic component | 徵 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徵 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯŋ/ |

#### Definitions

徵
* to convene; to assemble
    徵兵／征兵 ― zhēngbīng ― to conscript; to draft
* to collect
    徵稅／征税 ― zhēngshuì ― to levy tax; to collect tax
* to solicit; to ask for
    徵文／征文 ― zhēngwén ― to solicit articles or essays
* to inquire; to query
* to verify; to prove
* (literary) evidence
* phenomenon; symptom
* a surname

##### See also

* 症 (zhèng, “symptom”)

#### Compounds

* 三徵七辟
* 休徵 / 休征
* 保留徵收 / 保留征收
* 信而有徵 / 信而有征 (xìn'éryǒuzhēng)
* 停徵 / 停征
* 公用徵收 / 公用征收
* 副性徵 / 副性征 (fùxìngzhēng)
* 區段徵收 / 区段征收
* 咎徵 / 咎征
* 固徵 / 固征
* 土地徵收 / 土地征收
* 帶徵 / 带征
* 帶徵銀 / 带征银
* 帶罪徵收 / 带罪征收
* 徵信 / 征信 (zhēngxìn)
* 徵信社 / 征信社
* 徵信錄 / 征信录
* 徵候 / 征候 (zhēnghòu)
* 徵兆 / 征兆 (zhēngzhào)
* 徵兵 / 征兵 (zhēngbīng)
* 徵兵制 / 征兵制
* 徵兵制度 / 征兵制度
* 徵募 / 征募 (zhēngmù)
* 徵友 / 征友
* 徵召 / 征召 (zhēngzhào)
* 徵名責實 / 征名责实
* 徵士 / 征士
* 徵婚 / 征婚 (zhēnghūn)
* 徵庸 / 征庸
* 徵引 / 征引 (zhēngyǐn)
* 徵才 / 征才 (zhēngcái)
* 徵招 / 征招
* 徵收 / 征收 (zhēngshōu)
* 徵啟 / 征启
* 徵文 / 征文 (zhēngwén)
* 徵求 / 征求 (zhēngqiú)
* 徵求啟事 / 征求启事
* 徵狀 / 征状
* 徵用 / 征用 (zhēngyòng)
* 徵發 / 征发 (zhēngfā)
* 徵稅 / 征税 (zhēngshuì)
* 徵稿 / 征稿 (zhēnggǎo)
* 徵答 / 征答
* 徵聘 / 征聘 (zhēngpìn)
* 徵訂 / 征订 (zhēngdìng)
* 徵詢 / 征询 (zhēngxún)
* 徵調 / 征调 (zhēngdiào)
* 徵象 / 征象 (zhēngxiàng)
* 徵購 / 征购 (zhēnggòu)
* 徵辟
* 徵逐 / 征逐
* 徵選 / 征选 (zhēngxuǎn)
* 徵集 / 征集 (zhēngjí)
* 徵風召雨 / 征风召雨
* 性徵 / 性征 (xìngzhēng)
* 應徵 / 应征 (yìngzhēng)
* 應徵信 / 应征信
* 旁徵博引 / 旁征博引 (pángzhēngbóyǐn)
* 暴斂橫徵 / 暴敛横征
* 有徵 / 有征
* 杞宋無徵 / 杞宋无征
* 無徵不信 / 无征不信
* 照價徵稅 / 照价征税
* 特徵 / 特征 (tèzhēng)
* 瑞徵 / 瑞征
* 生命徵象 / 生命征象 (shēngmìng zhēngxiàng)
* 病徵 / 病征 (bìngzhēng)
* 直接徵稅 / 直接征税
* 稽徵 / 稽征
* 第一性徵 / 第一性征 (dì-yī xìngzhēng)
* 第二性徵 / 第二性征 (dì-èr xìngzhēng)
* 納徵 / 纳征
* 綜合徵 / 综合征 (zōnghézhēng)
* 緩徵 / 缓征
* 考徵 / 考征
* 螽斯之徵 / 螽斯之征
* 表徵 / 表征 (biǎozhēng)
* 課徵 / 课征
* 談徵 / 谈征
* 象徵 / 象征 (xiàngzhēng)
* 象徵主義 / 象征主义 (xiàngzhēngzhǔyì)
* 象徵性 / 象征性 (xiàngzhēngxìng)
* 貴徵 / 贵征
* 酒食徵逐 / 酒食征逐
* 開徵 / 开征 (kāizhēng)
* 額徵 / 额征

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$
*** Yale: jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: triX
Rime :
| Character | 徵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟里切 |
| Baxter | triX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17158 |
| Phonetic component | 徵 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徵 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯʔ/ |

#### Definitions

徵
* (music) the fourth tone in the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale, comparable to sol in the Western solfège system
    From: Ban Gu, The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall, 79 CE, translated based on Tjan Tjoe Som's version
    Zhǐ zhě, zhǐ yě, yángqì zhǐ;....... [Pinyin]
    Zhǐ means zhǐ ‘to stop’; the yang-fluid has stopped; [...].

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese pentatonic scale) 宮 / 宫 (gōng), 商 (shāng), 角, 徵 / 征, 羽

#### Compounds

* 流徵
* 變徵之聲 / 变徵之声
* 變徵之音 / 变徵之音 (biànzhǐzhīyīn)
* 變徵 / 变徵

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 徴 |
| Kyūjitai | 徵 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 徴)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちょう (chō)、ち (chi)
* Kun: しるし (shirushi, 徵)、めす (mesu, 徵す)

## Korean
### Hanja

徵 • (jing, chi) (hangeul 징, 치, revised jing, chi, McCune–Reischauer ching, ch'i, Yale cing, chi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

徵: Hán Nôm readings: trưng, chưng, chủy/chuỷ, rưng, trâng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.