# करुणा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.ɾʊ.ɳɑː/, [kɐ.ɾʊ.ɳäː]

### Noun

करुणा • (karuṇā) f (Urdu spelling کرنا)
* compassion, pity, kindness, mercy
    महात्मा गाँधी प्रेम और करुणा के प्रतिरूप थे।mahātmā gāndhī prem aur karuṇā ke pratirūp the.Mahatma Gandhi was a model of love and compassion.

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “करुणा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “करुणा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
* “करुणा”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “करुणा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “करुणा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “करुणा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.ɾu.ɳa/

### Noun

करुणा • (karuṇā) f
* compassion, kindness
    Synonym: दया (dayā)

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “करुणा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কৰুণা (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬭᬸᬡᬵ (Balinese script)
* করুণা (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰨𑰲𑰜𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ကရုဏာ (Burmese script)
* કરુણા (Gujarati script)
* ਕਰੁਣਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌰𑍁𑌣𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦫꦸꦟꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂩𑂳𑂝𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಕರುಣಾ (Kannada script)
* ករុណា (Khmer script)
* ກຣຸຓາ (Lao script)
* കരുണാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᡵᡠᢏᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘨𑘳𑘜𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠷᠤᢏᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧈𑧔𑦼𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐬𑐸𑐞𑐵 (Newa script)
* କରୁଣା (Odia script)
* ꢒꢬꢸꢠꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆫𑆶𑆟𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖨𑖲𑖜𑖯 (Siddham script)
* කරුණා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩼𑩒𑩪𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚤𑚰𑚘𑚭 (Takri script)
* கருணா (Tamil script)
* కరుణా (Telugu script)
* กรุณา (Thai script)
* ཀ་རུ་ཎཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒩𑒳𑒝𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨫𑨃𑨘𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ́.ɾu.ɳɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɐ.ɾu.ɳɑː/

### Noun

करुणा • (karuṇā) stem, f
* pity, compassion

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas

#### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna)
* Pali: karuṇā
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮𑀼𑀡𑀸 (kaluṇā)
** Southern:
*** Dhivehi: ކުލުނު (kulunu)
*** Sinhalese: කුලුණ (kuluṇa)
Borrowed terms
* → Hindi: करुणा (karuṇā) (learned)
* → Kannada: ಕರುಣ (karuṇa)
* → Malayalam: കരുണ (karuṇa)
* → Old Javanese: karuṇā, karuṇa
** > Javanese: ꦏꦫꦸꦤ (karuna) (inherited)
* → Tamil: கருணை (karuṇai) (learned)
* → Telugu: కరుణ (karuṇa)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “करुणा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 255.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karuna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 142