# 液

| 液 | U+6DB2, &#28082; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB2 |
| ← 涱 [U+6DB1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 涳 → [U+6DB3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

液 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水卜人大 (EYOK), four-corner 3014$_7$, composition ⿰氵夜)

#### Derived characters

* 𦟸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17586
* Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1658, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6DB2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 液
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 夜 | *laːɡs |
| 鵺 | *laːɡs |
| 迹 | *ʔsleːɡ |
| 跡 | *ʔsleːɡ |
| 亦 | *laːɡ |
| 弈 | *laːɡ |
| 奕 | *laːɡ |
| 帟 | *laːɡ |
| 腋 | *laːɡ |
| 掖 | *laːɡ |
| 焲 | *laːɡ |
| 液 | *laːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laːɡ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs) – a liquid, like water.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjak (“oil; fat; grease”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yè, yì
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jik$^6$ / jat$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^2$ / ih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍h / e̍k / ia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siêh$^8$ / sioh$^8$ / êg$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$yiq / $^8$yeoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yè
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$
*** Yale: yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^6$ / jat$^6$
*** Yale: yihk / yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^9$ / jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^6$ / yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /iʔ²⁴/
* sieo2 - vernacular;
* ih7 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yek
Rime :
| Character | 液 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊益切 |
| Baxter | yek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢrAk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 液 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yek › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢrAk/ |
| English | fluid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 液 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15003 |
| Phonetic component | 亦 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繹 |
| Old Chinese | /*laːɡ/ |

### Definitions

液
* liquid; fluid
    體液／体液 ― tǐyè ― bodily fluid
* sap; juice
* a surname, Ye or Yi
* (Hokkien) sweat-like secretions (from one's hand, foot, etc.)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick broth extracted from food in slow fire
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat

#### Synonyms

* (liquid):
* 流質 / 流质 (liúzhì)
* 液體 / 液体 (yètǐ)
* (to cook something on slow fire): 熬 (áo)

### Compounds

* 乳濁液 / 乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
* 人工血液
* 便液
* 修正液 (xiūzhèngyè)
* 唾液 (tuòyè)
* 唾液腺 (tuòyèxiàn)
* 固定液
* 土質液化 / 土质液化
* 培養液 / 培养液 (péiyǎngyè)
* 太液 (Tàiyè)
* 太液池 (Tàiyèchí)
* 尿液 (niàoyè)
* 尿液篩檢 / 尿液筛检
* 心通口服液 (xīntōng kǒufúyè)
* 懸液劑 / 悬液剂
* 懸濁液 / 悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
* 毒液 (dúyè)
* 氣態溶液 / 气态溶液
* 水樣液 / 水样液
* 水狀液 / 水状液
* 汗液
* 津液 (jīnyè)
* 消化液 (xiāohuàyè)
* 浴液 (yùyè)
* 液化 (yèhuà)
* 液化瓦斯
* 液壓 / 液压 (yèyā)
* 液壓機 / 液压机
* 淋巴液 (línbāyè)
* 液態 / 液态 (yètài)
* 液態氧 / 液态氧
* 液態溶液 / 液态溶液
* 液晶 (yèjīng)
* 液晶窗
* 液材
* 液果 (yèguǒ)
* 液氨 (yè'ān)
* 液氧 (yèyǎng)
* 液泡 (yèpào)
* 液泡膜
* 淚液 / 泪液 (lèiyè)
* 淫液
* 液胞 (yèbāo)
* 液雨
* 液體 / 液体 (yètǐ)
* 液體瓦斯 / 液体瓦斯
* 湯液 / 汤液
* 滑液 (huáyè)
* 溶液 (róngyè)
* 漿液 / 浆液
* 滴液
* 濾液 / 滤液
* 瀝液 / 沥液
* 玉液 (yùyè)
* 玉液瓊漿 / 玉液琼浆
* 玻璃液
* 瑤池玉液 / 瑶池玉液
* 瓊漿玉液 / 琼浆玉液
* 瓊漿金液 / 琼浆金液
* 真溶液
* 移液管
* 精液 (jīngyè)
* 組織液 / 组织液 (zǔzhīyè)
* 胃液 (wèiyè)
* 胰液 (yíyè)
* 脺液
* 腸液 / 肠液 (chángyè)
* 腦液 / 脑液
* 膣液 (zhìyè)
* 舒心口服液 (shūxīn kǒufùyè)
* 血液
* 血液凝固
* 血液循環 / 血液循环
* 血液檢驗 / 血液检验
* 輸液 / 输液 (shūyè)
* 金波玉液
* 雲液 / 云液
* 靈液 / 灵液
* 顯像液 / 显像液
* 飽和溶液 / 饱和溶液
* 體液 / 体液 (tǐyè)
* 黏液 (niányè)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* liquid

#### Readings

* Go-on: やく (yaku)
* Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
* Kun: しる (shiru, 液)

#### Compounds

* 不凍(ふとう)液(えき) (futōeki): antifreeze
* 液(えき)化(か) (ekika): liquefaction
* 液(えき)汁(じゅう) (ekijū): juice, sap
* 液(えき)晶(しょう) (ekishō): liquid crystal
* 液(えき)状(じょう) (ekijō)
* 液(えき)相(そう) (ekisō): liquid phase
* 液(えき)体(たい) (ekitai): liquid
* 血(けつ)液(えき) (ketsueki): blood
* 精(せい)液(えき) (seieki): semen

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 液
* えき Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 液 (yek, “liquid”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えき [éꜜkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [e̞kʲi]

### Noun

液(えき) • (eki)
* liquid

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

液 (eumhun 진 액 (jin aek))
* hanja form of 액 (“liquid”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

液: Hán Nôm readings: giá, dịch, nhịch
* sap, juice, liquid, fluid