# 瞑

| 瞑 | U+7791, &#30609; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7791 |
| ← 瞐 [U+7790] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞒 → [U+7792] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瞑 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月山月日金 (BUBAC), four-corner 6708$_0$, composition ⿰目冥)
* close eyes

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 815, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23600
* Dae Jaweon: page 1228, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2508, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7791

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 瞑 | *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ |
| 嫇 | *mreːŋ, *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ |
| 慏 | *meŋʔ |
| 冥 | *meːŋ |
| 榠 | *meːŋ |
| 鄍 | *meːŋ |
| 溟 | *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ |
| 螟 | *meːŋ |
| 猽 | *meːŋ |
| 蓂 | *meːŋ, *meːɡ |
| 覭 | *meːŋ, *meːɡ |
| 暝 | *meːŋ, *meːŋs |
| 幎 | *meːɡ |
| 幂 | *meːɡ |
| 塓 | *meːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míng, mǐng (ming$^2$, ming$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ, ㄇㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bêng / mî / mêe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$
*** Yale: míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^3$
*** Yale: mǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miing
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Yale: mìhng / míhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹/, /mɪŋ¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
*** Tâi-lô: mî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mii
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /mĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe
*** Tâi-lô: mêe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³/
* bêng - literary;
* mî/mêe - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: meng
Rime :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫經切 |
| Baxter | meng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /meŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /meŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /meŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 9204 |
| Phonetic component | 冥 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冥 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

瞑
* to close one's eyes
* (literary, of eyesight) dim

#### Compounds

* 一瞑不視 / 一瞑不视
* 不瞑
* 不瞑目
* 榆瞑豆重
* 死不瞑目 (sǐbùmíngmù)
* 死也瞑目
* 死亦瞑目 (sǐyìmíngmù)
* 甘心瞑目
* 瞑子裡 / 瞑子里
* 瞑想 (míngxiǎng)
* 瞑目 (míngmù)
* 瞑目寧心 / 瞑目宁心
* 瞑目而逝
* 瞑瞑
* 豆重榆瞑

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miàn (mian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^4$
*** Yale: myàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^6$
*** Yale: mihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn²²/
* Middle Chinese: menH
Rime :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫甸切 |
| Baxter | menH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /men$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /men$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /men$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 9194 |
| Phonetic component | 冥 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麫 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːns/ |
| Notes | 見尚書 |

#### Definitions

瞑
* Only used in 暝眩.

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mián (mian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mián
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mián
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^2$
*** Yale: myán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: men
Rime :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫賢切 |
| Baxter | men |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /men/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /men/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /men/ |
| Wang Li | /mien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 9193 |
| Phonetic component | 冥 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 眠 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːn/ |

#### Definitions

瞑
* Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02796
* “瞑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “瞑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to close one's eyes; to pass away
    Synonym: 眠
* dim; dark
* blind person

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 瞑 (MC meng); compare Mandarin 瞑 (míng):
* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei)
From Middle Chinese 瞑 (MC menH); compare Mandarin 瞑 (miàn):
* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)
Unknown: (Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* On (unclassified): みん (min)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: くらい (kurai, 瞑い)、つぶる (tsuburu, 瞑る)、つむる (tsumuru, 瞑る)、ねむる (nemuru, 瞑る)

#### Compounds

* 瞑(めい)眩(げん) (meigen)
* 瞑(めい)坐(ざ) (meiza)
* 瞑(めい)士(し) (meishi)
* 瞑(めい)想(そう) (meisō) (冥(めい)想(そう))
* 瞑(めい)捜(そう) (meisō) (冥(めい)捜(そう))
* 瞑(めい)氛(ふん) (meifun)
* 瞑(めい)瞑(めい) (meimei)
* 瞑(めい)目(もく) (meimoku)
* 瞑(めん)眩(けん) (menken)
* 瞑(めん)眩(げん) (mengen)
* 眩(げん)瞑(めい) (genmei)

## Korean
### Hanja

瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞑: Hán Nôm readings: manh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.