# seinn
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse seinn, from Proto-Germanic *sainaz, *sainijaz, related to *sīþuz (“late”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seitn/
* Rhymes: -eitn

### Adjective

seinn (comparative seinni, superlative seinastur or (archaic, obsolete) seinstur)
* late, tardy
    Synonym: síðkvæmur
    Hann hlýtur að vera kominn — hann er aldrei seinn.He must be here already—he's never late.
    Við erum orðnar seinar í tíma!We're late for class!
* slow
    Synonym: hægur

#### Declension

$^1$Archaic, obsolete.

#### Derived terms

* orðinn seinn
* seinn að (“slow at”)
* seinn á fæti (“to be a slow walker”)
* seinn fyrir (“late, behind-hand”)
* seinn til (“to develop late”)
* svifaseinn
* um seinan (“too late”)

#### See also

* seinlæti

### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “seinn”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
* Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
* “seinn” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish sendim, from Old Irish sennim, seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”), from Proto-Celtic *swannati, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂-.

### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /ʃɪn̠ʲ/

### Verb

seinn (present analytic seinneann, future analytic seinnfidh, verbal noun seinm, past participle seinnte)
* play (musical intrument)
    Is fada an bheirt cheoltóirí seo ag seinm le chéile.The two musicians have been playing together for a long time.
* sing, warble, chatter

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | seinnim | seinneann tú; seinnir$^†$ | seinneann sé, sí | seinnimid | seinneann sibh | seinneann siad; seinnid$^†$ | a seinneann; a seinneas / a seinneann* | seinntear |
| indicative | past | seinn mé; seinneas | seinn tú; seinnis | seinn sé, sí | seinneamar; seinn muid | seinn sibh; seinneabhair | seinn siad; seinneadar | a seinn / ar seinn* | seinneadh |
| indicative | past habitual | seinninn | seinnteá | seinneadh sé, sí | seinnimis; seinneadh muid | seinneadh sibh | seinnidís; seinneadh siad | a seinneadh / a seinneadh* | seinntí |
| future | future | seinnfidh mé; seinnfead | seinnfidh tú; seinnfir$^†$ | seinnfidh sé, sí | seinnfimid; seinnfidh muid | seinnfidh sibh | seinnfidh siad; seinnfid$^†$ | a seinnfidh; a seinnfeas / a seinnfidh* | seinnfear |
| conditional | conditional | seinnfinn | seinnfeá | seinnfeadh sé, sí | seinnfimis; seinnfeadh muid | seinnfeadh sibh | seinnfidís; seinnfeadh siad | a seinnfeadh / a seinnfeadh* | seinnfí |
| subjunctive | present | go seinne mé; go seinnead$^†$ | go seinne tú; go seinnir$^†$ | go seinne sé, sí | go seinnimid; go seinne muid | go seinne sibh | go seinne siad; go seinnid$^†$ | — | go seinntear |
| subjunctive | past | dá seinninn | dá seinnteá | dá seinneadh sé, sí | dá seinnimis; dá seinneadh muid | dá seinneadh sibh | dá seinnidís; dá seinneadh siad | — | dá seinntí |
| imperative | imperative | seinnim | seinn | seinneadh sé, sí | seinnimis | seinnigí; seinnidh$^†$ | seinnidís | — | seinntear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | seinm | seinm | seinm | seinm | seinm | seinm | seinm | seinm |
| past participle | past participle | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte | seinnte |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form

#### Derived terms

* seinnteoir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “seinnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 78

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “seinn”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish sendim, from Old Irish sennim, seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”).

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /ʃẽĩɲ/, /ʃɤ̃ĩɲ/
* (Harris, Uist, Barra) IPA: /ʃeiɲ/
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ʃĩːɲ/

### Verb

seinn (past sheinn, future seinnidh, verbal noun seinn, past participle seinnte)
* sing
* play (bagpipes)
* (dated) play (other musical instruments)

### Noun

seinn f (genitive singular seinne)
* singing

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Ternes, Elmar (1973) The phonemic analysis of Scottish Gaelic: based on the dialect of Applecross, Ross-shire, Hamburg: Helmut Buske