# वृक्ष
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɾɪkʂ/, [ʋɾɪkʃ]

### Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣ) m
* tree
    Synonyms: दरख़्त (daraxt), पादप (pādap), पेड़ (peṛ)

#### Declension
### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वृक्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa). Compare Gujarati વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ), Kannada ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa), Bengali বৃক্ষ (brikkho).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɾuk.ʂə/

### Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣa) m
* (botany) tree
    Synonym: झाड (j̈hāḍ)

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वृक्ष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वृक्ष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “वृक्ष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱৃক্ষ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬺᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
* বৃক্ষ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰴𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀾𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
* ဝၖက္ၑ (Burmese script)
* વૃક્ષ (Gujarati script)
* ਵ੍ਰਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑍃𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦽꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑃂𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
* ವೃಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
* វ្ឫក្ឞ (Khmer script)
* ວ຺ຣິກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
* വൃക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᡵᡳᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘵𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠷᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧖𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐺𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
* ଵୃକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢺꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆸𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖴𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
* වෘක්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩙𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
* வ்ரிக்ஷ (Tamil script)
* వృక్ష (Telugu script)
* วฺฤกฺษ (Thai script)
* ཝྲྀ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒵𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var$^ə$ša).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋr̩k.ʂɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋr̩k.ʂɐ/

### Noun

वृक्ष • (vṛkṣá) stem, m
* a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.3:अक्षो॒ न च॒क्र्योः॑ शूर बृ॒हन्प्र ते॑ म॒ह्ना रि॑रिचे॒ रोद॑स्योः । वृ॒क्षस्य॒ नु ते॑ पुरुहूत व॒या व्यू॒३॒॑तयो॑ रुरुहुरिन्द्र पू॒र्वीः ॥ákṣo ná cakryòḥ śūra bṛhánprá te mahnā́ ririce ródasyoḥ. vṛkṣásya nú te puruhūta vayā́ vyū̀táyo ruruhurindra pūrvī́ḥ.The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness. Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.
* tree trunk
* coffin
* the staff of a bow
* Wrightia antidysenterica

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /⁠lukkha⁠/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)
** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
** Khasa Prakrit:
*** Nepali: रुख (rukh)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
*** Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)
** Paisaci Prakrit:
*** Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ / رُکھ (rukkha)
** Prakrit:
*** Sylheti: ꠞꠥꠇ (ruk)
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
*** Romani: rukh
* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)
* Helu Prakrit:
** Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)
** Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)
* Pali: rukkha
** Burmese: ရုက္ခ (rukhka.)
** Thai: รุกข

##### Borrowed

* → Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)
* → Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)
* → Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)
* → Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)
* → Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)
* → Old Khmer: briksā
** → Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)
** → Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)
* → Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)
** → Marathi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣa)
* → Odia: ବୃକ୍ଷ (br̥kṣa)
* → Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)
* → Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)
* → Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)
* → Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “वृक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008/2.
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “vṛkṣa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.