# कुल
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kʊl/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit कुल (kula).

#### Noun

कुल • (kul) m (Urdu spelling کل)
* community, kinship group
* lineage, dynasty
* large group, herd
* (taxonomy) family

##### Related terms

* प्रक्षेत्र (prakṣetra), अधिजगत (adhijgat)
* जगत (jagat)
* संघ (saṅgh)
* वर्ग (varg)
* गण (gaṇ)
* कुल (kul)
* वंश (vañś)
* जाति (jāti)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian کُلّ (kull), from Arabic كُلّ (kull).

#### Noun

कुल • (kul) m (Urdu spelling کل)
* total, sum

##### Declension
#### Adverb

कुल • (kul) (Urdu spelling کل)
* in total

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* kula (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀼𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* কুল (Bengali script)
* කුල (Sinhalese script)
* ကုလ or ၵုလ (Burmese script)
* กุล or กุละ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩩᩃ (Tai Tham script)
* ກຸລ or ກຸລະ (Lao script)
* កុល (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄪𑄣 (Chakma script)

### Noun

कुल n
* Devanagari script form of kula (“clan”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কুল (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬸᬮ (Balinese script)
* কুল (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰲𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀼𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ကုလ (Burmese script)
* કુલ (Gujarati script)
* ਕੁਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍁𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦸꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂳𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಕುಲ (Kannada script)
* កុល (Khmer script)
* ກຸລ (Lao script)
* കുല (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘳𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧔𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐸𑐮 (Newa script)
* କୁଲ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢸꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆶𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖲𑖩 (Siddham script)
* කුල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩒𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚰𑚥 (Takri script)
* குல (Tamil script)
* కుల (Telugu script)
* กุล (Thai script)
* ཀུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒳𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨃𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Possibly related to Sogdian 𐼴𐼸𐼰𐼴𐽀 (wkʾwr, “kinsman”), Northern Kurdish kurr (“son, boy”), Ossetian игурд (igurd, “to be born; exist”), Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), ultimately of unknown origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ku.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈku.l̪ɐ/

### Noun

कुल • (kúla) stem, n
* family
* tribe
* clan
* caste
* race
* flock
* herd
* house
* community
* country
* head
* the union of Shiva and Shakti, god and goddess, power and consciousness

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* कुल्या (kulyā)

### Noun

कुल • (kula) stem, m
* leader
* chief
* headmaster

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Hindustani:
** Hindi: कुल (kul)
** Urdu: کل (kul)
* Pali: kula
** → Burmese: ကုလား (ku.la:)
** → Thai: กุล (gun)
* Old Javanese: kula (see there for further descendants)
** > Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (inherited)
*** → Malay: kula
*** → Musi: kulo
** → Balinese: ᬓᬸᬮ (kula)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कुल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 294/2-3.
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kúla-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 372-373
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*k(a)ur ?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 250-251

### Further reading

* Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “kula”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.