# morior
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* moriō (Late Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmo.ri.or/, [ˈmɔriɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmo.ri.or/, [ˈmɔːrior]

### Verb

morior (present infinitive morī, perfect active mortuus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent
* to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish
    Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:“Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”“We will die unavenged, but let us die.” (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)
** 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13:Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.
* to decay, wither

#### Antonyms

* vīvō

#### Derived terms

* commorior
* dēmorior
* ēmorior
* immorior
* inēmorior
* intermorior
* moribundus
* moriēns
* mortuus
* permorior
* praemorior
* superēmorior

#### Related terms

* immortālis
* mors
* mortālis
* mortālitās
* mortifer

#### Descendants

(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: morrere (Logudorese), morriri (Campidanese)
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: mor, muriri
** Romanian: muri
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Dalmatian: morer, morar, murar, muor
** Istriot: muore
** Italian: morire, morì (Tuscan and Central Italian)
*** →? Sicilian: muriri
** Neapolitan: morire
** Sicilian: mòriri
** Venetan: morir
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: murî
** Ladin: morir, morì
** Romansch: murir, mureir (Surmiran)
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: morì
* Gallo-Romance:
** Northern:
*** Franco-Provençal: morir
*** Old French: morir, murir (see there for further descendants)
** Southern:
*** Catalan: morir
*** Occitan: morir
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: morrer
** Old Galician-Portuguese: morrer, morer
*** Galician: morrer
*** Portuguese: morrer (see there for further descendants)
** Spanish: morir

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mŏri”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 137
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “morir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 149

### Further reading

* “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* morior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)