# 洪

| 洪 | U+6D2A, &#27946; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D2A |
| ← 洩 [U+6D29] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洫 → [U+6D2B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

洪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿金 (ETC), four-corner 3418$_1$, composition ⿰氵共)

#### Derived characters

* 篊 葓 霟 鍙 𪡥 𥈰 𨩅 𪃡 𢝳 𮤷 𬮍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 621, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17402
* Dae Jaweon: page 1017, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1602, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6D2A

## Chinese

* 洪 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 洪氏 (Cantonese)
* Âng (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 洪 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 港 | *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 巷 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 鬨 | *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs |
| 烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 洪 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 恭 | *kloŋ |
| 供 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs |
| 龔 | *kloŋ |
| 珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
| 共 | *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs |
| 髸 | *kloŋ |
| 拱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
| 蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 栱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 舼 | *ɡloŋ |
| 輂 | *kloɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡloːŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hóng (hong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fùng
    (Hailu, HRS): fung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fung$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ang$^2$ / horng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): âng / hông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^5$ / ang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$
*** Yale: húng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^4$
*** Yale: hùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: huung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /aŋ¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ¹³/
* ang2 - vernacular (incl. surname of most people);
* horng2 - literary (incl. surname of a few people).
* Middle Chinese: huwng
Rime :
| Character | 洪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸公切 |
| Baxter | huwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4156 |
| Phonetic component | 共 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洪 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡloːŋ/ |

### Definitions

洪
* flood
* big; vast; grand
    From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6th century CE
    Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]
    The sky was black and earth yellow; space and time vast, limitless.
* a surname
    洪秀全 ― Hóng Xiùquán ― Hong Xiuquan (leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty)

#### Descendants

* → English: Hong; Hung; Ang

### Compounds

* 付諸洪喬 / 付诸洪乔
* 分洪 (fēnhóng)
* 大洪水 (dàhóngshuǐ)
* 寬洪 / 宽洪 (kuānhóng)
* 寬洪大度 / 宽洪大度
* 寬洪大量 / 宽洪大量
* 寬洪海量 / 宽洪海量
* 山洪 (shānhóng)
* 排洪溢道
* 攔洪壩 / 拦洪坝
* 景洪 (Jǐnghóng)
* 暴洪 (bàohóng)
* 朱洪武
* 泄洪 (xièhóng)
* 洪亮 (hóngliàng)
* 洪儒 (hóngrú)
* 洪剛 / 洪刚
* 洪化
* 洪善 (Hóngshàn)
* 洪喬之誤 / 洪乔之误
* 洪喬擲水 / 洪乔掷水
* 洪基
* 洪大 (hóngdà)
* 洪山 (Hóngshān)
* 洪山嘴 (Hóngshānzuǐ)
* 洪峰 (hóngfēng)
* 洪幫 / 洪帮 (Hóngbāng)
* 洪恩
* 洪惟
* 洪憲 / 洪宪 (Hóngxiàn)
* 洪憲帝制 / 洪宪帝制
* 洪春 (Hóngchūn)
* 洪業 / 洪业
* 洪武 (Hóngwǔ)
* 洪武正韻 / 洪武正韵
* 洪水 (hóngshuǐ)
* 洪水猛獸 / 洪水猛兽 (hóngshuǐměngshòu)
* 洪泉 (hóngquán)
* 洪河
* 洪波 (hóngbō)
* 洪波滾雪 / 洪波滚雪
* 洪流 (hóngliú)
* 洩洪 / 泄洪 (xièhóng)
* 洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”)
* 洪淵 / 洪渊
* 洪湖 (Hónghú)
* 洪澇 / 洪涝 (hónglào)
* 洪澤湖 / 洪泽湖 (Hóngzé hú)
* 洪濤 / 洪涛 (hóngtāo)
* 洪災 / 洪灾 (hóngzāi)
* 洪烈
* 洪爐 / 洪炉 (hónglú)
* 洪爐燎髮 / 洪炉燎发 (hónglúliáofà)
* 洪生
* 洪福 (hóngfú)
* 洪福齊天 / 洪福齐天
* 洪積世 / 洪积世
* 洪積層 / 洪积层
* 洪範 / 洪范
* 洪聖 / 洪圣 (Hóngshèng)
* 洪聖爺 / 洪圣爷 (Hóngshèngyé)
* 洪荒 (hónghuāng)
* 洪荒時代 / 洪荒时代
* 洪覆
* 洪規 / 洪规
* 洪誓
* 洪軌 / 洪轨
* 洪都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
* 洪醉
* 洪量 (hóngliàng)
* 洪鈞 / 洪钧
* 洪鍾 / 洪钟
* 洪鐘 / 洪钟
* 洪門 / 洪门 (Hóngmén)
* 洪關 / 洪关 (Hóngguān)
* 洪音
* 洪飲 / 洪饮
* 溢洪道
* 烘爐 / 烘炉 (hōnglú)
* 疏洪道
* 發洪 / 发洪
* 蓄洪
* 防洪 (fánghóng)
* 阿洪
* 阿洪魯庫木 / 阿洪鲁库木 (Āhóng Lǔkùmù)
* 齊天洪福 / 齐天洪福

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: おおみず (ōmizu, 洪)

#### Compounds

* 洪(ハン)牙(ガ)利(リー) (Hangarī)
* 洪水(こうずい) (kōzui)
* 洪積(こうせき) (kōseki)
* 洪積世(こうせきせい) (kōsekisei)
* 洪積層(こうせきそう) (kōsekisō)
* 洪大(こうだい) (kōdai)
* 日洪親善(にっこうしんぜん) (Nikkō shinzen)

## Korean
### Hanja

洪 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

洪: Hán Nôm readings: hồng, hòng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.