# 朗

| 朗 | U+6717, &#26391; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6717 |
| ← 朖 [U+6716] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朘 → [U+6718] |
| 朗 | U+F929, &#63785; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F929 |
| ← 廊 [U+F928] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 浪 → [U+F92A] |
| 朗 | U+FA92, &#64146; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA92 |
| ← 晴 [U+FA91] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 望 → [U+FA93] |
| 朗 | U+2F8D8, &#194776; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D8 |
| ← 䏙 [U+2F8D7] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 望 → [U+2F8D9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朗 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈戈月 (IIB), four-corner 3772$_0$, composition ⿰良月)

#### Derived characters

* 𠻴, 㙟, 𢠯, 𪮡, 𣼽, 樃, 𤎜, 𤨡, 𦄺, 𫆍, 𬡨, 𠓇, 𨅉, 𡂯, 𫻠, 𬂆, 蓢, 𢀬, 𬕨, 𩅜, 𩡜, 塱, 㮾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14362
* Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2072, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6717
* Unihan data for U+F929
* Unihan data for U+FA92
* Unihan data for U+2F8D8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 朗
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːŋʔ): phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 月 (“moon”)

### Etymology

Areal etymon. Compare Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “be light, bright, become clear, clarify”), Old Mon to glitter (ˀaråṅ), Burmese ရောင် (raung, “brightness”), အရောင် (a.raung, “appearance, colour, luster”). Possibly related to 亮 (OC raŋh). (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǎng (lang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lóng / long
    (Meixian, Guangdong): long$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lóng / láng / lang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lang$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$laon / $^6$lan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǎng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^3$
*** Yale: lǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laang
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^5$
*** Yale: lóhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lóng / long
*** Hakka Romanization System: long$^ˋ$ / long
*** Hagfa Pinyim: long$^3$ / long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /loŋ³¹/, /loŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lāng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃aŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóng
*** Tâi-lô: lóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /lɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láng
*** Tâi-lô: láng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: larng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /laŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lang
*** Tâi-lô: lang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lafng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴⁴/
* láng/lang - vernacular;
* lóng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: langX
Rime :
| Character | 朗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧黨切 |
| Baxter | langX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤaŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.rˁaŋʔ/ |
| English | bright |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8034 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朗 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

朗
* clear; bright
* loud and clear
    朗讀／朗读 ― lǎngdú ― to read aloud
* (literary) understanding; enlightened

### Compounds

* 不朗朗
* 伊朗 (Yīlǎng)
* 伊朗高原 (Yīlǎng Gāoyuán)
* 健朗 (jiànlǎng)
* 光朗朗
* 克朗 (kèlǎng)
* 勃朗峰 (Bólǎng Fēng)
* 勃朗特
* 勃朗運動 / 勃朗运动 (Bólǎng yùndòng)
* 天朗氣清 / 天朗气清 (tiānlǎngqìqīng)
* 天清氣朗 / 天清气朗
* 布朗族 (Bùlǎngzú)
* 布朗運動 / 布朗运动 (Bùlǎng yùndòng)
* 明朗 (mínglǎng)
* 晃朗
* 晴朗 (qínglǎng)
* 書聲朗朗 / 书声朗朗
* 月朗風清 / 月朗风清
* 朗如 (Lǎngrú)
* 朗巴兒 / 朗巴儿
* 朗悟
* 朗抱
* 朗暢 / 朗畅
* 朗月
* 朗月清風 / 朗月清风
* 朗朗 (lǎnglǎng)
* 朗朗上口 (lǎnglǎngshàngkǒu)
* 朗朗雲天 / 朗朗云天
* 朗朗高談 / 朗朗高谈
* 朗格的
* 朗照
* 朗目疏眉
* 朗聲 / 朗声 (lǎngshēng)
* 朗誦 / 朗诵 (lǎngsòng)
* 朗誦詩 / 朗诵诗
* 朗誦調 / 朗诵调
* 朗讀 / 朗读 (lǎngdú)
* 朗鑒 / 朗鉴
* 清朗 (qīnglǎng)
* 清風朗月 / 清风朗月
* 燎朗
* 爽朗 (shuǎnglǎng)
* 珠穆朗瑪 / 珠穆朗玛 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ)
* 白朗寧 / 白朗宁
* 白朗峰
* 目若朗星
* 眉清目朗
* 硬朗
* 神清氣朗 / 神清气朗
* 科朗 (kēlǎng)
* 秦庭朗鏡 / 秦庭朗镜
* 豁朗
* 豁然開朗 / 豁然开朗 (huòránkāilǎng)
* 軒朗 / 轩朗
* 通朗
* 遼朗 / 辽朗
* 開朗 / 开朗 (kāilǎng)
* 雋朗 / 隽朗
* 風恬日朗 / 风恬日朗
* 風恬月朗 / 风恬月朗
* 風清月朗 / 风清月朗
* 高朗
* 高聲朗誦 / 高声朗诵

### References

* “朗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 朗 |
| Kyūjitai | 朗 &#xF929; |
| Kyūjitai | 朗󠄀 朗+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 朗󠄆 朗+&#xE0106; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 朗)
* (visually) bright, clear
* (auditorily) sonorant, clear
* (psychologically) merry, cheerful
* Used in personal names.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ほがらか (hogaraka, 朗らか, Jōyō)、あきらか (akiraka, 朗らか)、ほがら (hogara, 朗ら)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、お (o)、さえ (sae)、とき (toki)、ほがら (hogara)、ろ (ro)

#### Compounds

* 晴(せい)朗(ろう) (seirō)

### References

* ↑ “朗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朗 (MC langX). Recorded as Middle Korean 랑 (lang) (Yale: lang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠(ː)ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* (non-initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾa̠ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [랑]

### Hanja

Wikisource 朗 (eumhun 밝을 랑 (balgeul rang), word-initial (South Korea) 밝을 낭 (balgeul nang))
* hanja form of 랑/낭 (“clear; bright”)

#### Compounds

* 광랑 (光朗, gwangnang)
* 광랑 (曠朗, gwangnang)
* 낭독 (朗讀, nangdok, “reading out loud”)
* 낭랑 (朗朗, nangnang)
* 낭송 (朗誦, nangsong)
* 낭오 (朗悟, nang'o)
* 낭음 (朗吟, nang'eum)
* 명랑 (明朗, myeongnang)
* 청랑 (晴朗, cheongnang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朗: Hán Việt readings: lãng (里(lí)黨(đảng)切(thiết))
朗: Nôm readings: lẳng, lặng, rạng, lảng, lững, lãng, lửng, láng, lắng, sang, sáng, lựng, lẵng, trắng, rang, lăng, lứng
* Nôm form of lặng (“calm; silent; quiet”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).