OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 鹽花
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieng$^2$ hua$^1$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): iam$^5$ huê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi-ho$_1$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng$^2$ hua$^1$ [Phonetic: ieng$^5$ hua$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛŋ¹³⁻²¹ hua⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng$^2$ hua$^1$ [Phonetic: ieng$^5$ mua$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$mua⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iam$^5$ huê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâm hue
*** Sinological IPA : /iam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi-ho$_1$
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$ ho$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi-ho$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²² ho⁴⁴/

### Noun

鹽花
* (Teochew, Wu) salt efflorescence
* (Puxian Min) small amount of salt

#### Synonyms

* (salt efflorescence):
** 鹽霜／盐霜 (yánshuāng)
** (Hokkien) 鹽鹽／盐盐

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “盐花”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 299.
# Ivanko
## English
### Proper noun

Ivanko
* A transliteration of the Bulgarian male given name diminutive Ива́нко (Ivánko)
* A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name diminutive Іва́нко (Ivánko)
# Kostya
## English
### Proper noun

Kostya (plural Kostyas)
* A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian male given name diminutive Ко́стя (Kóstja)
# Slava
## English
### Proper noun

* Slava (plural Slavas)
* A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian male given name diminutive Сла́ва (Sláva)
# skýr
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse skýrr (“sensible, clear”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sciːr/
* Rhymes: -iːr
* Homophone: skír

### Adjective

skýr (comparative skýrari, superlative skýrastur)
* clear, distinct
* clear, lucid, easily understandable, readily intelligible
    Synonym: ljós
    Þetta er mjög skýrt í bókinni.This is very clear in the book.
* intelligent, smart, quick, sharp
    Synonym: greindur
    Jóhanna er svakalega skýr stelpa.Jóhanna is an immensely sharp girl.

#### Related terms

* skýra

### Further reading

* “skýr” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# karsel
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cárcel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾsel/ [ˈkaɾ.sel̪]
* Hyphenation: noun

### Noun

kársel (Basahan spelling ᜃᜍ᜔ᜐᜒᜎ᜔)
* prison
    Synonym: prisohan
* incarceration
    Synonym: laom

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* karsil

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cárcel, from Latin carcerem.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaɾˈsel/ [kɐɾˈsɛl], /ˈkaɾsel/ [ˈkaɾ.sɛl]
* Rhymes: -el, -aɾsel
* Syllabification: kar‧sel

### Noun

karsél or karsel (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜎ᜔) (slightly dated)
* prison
    Synonyms: bilangguan, kulungan, piitan

#### Related terms

* engkarselasyon

### Further reading

* “karsel”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “karsel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# Yura
## English
### Proper noun

Yura (plural Yuras)
* A transliteration of the Russian or Ukrainian male given name diminutive Ю́ра (Júra)
# Lionya
## English
### Proper noun

Lionya (plural Lionyas)
* A transliteration of the Russian male given name diminutive Лёня (Ljónja)
* A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name diminutive Льоня (Lʹonja)
# de gratis
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de ˈɡɾatis/ [d̪e ˈɣ̞ɾa.t̪is]
* Syllabification: de gra‧tis

### Adverb

de gratis
* (idiomatic) for free, at no cost
    Le daremos de gratis una botella vino con la compra de diez productos.We will give you a bottle of wine for free when buying ten products.
# gratuitamente
## Galician
### Etymology

From gratuíto +‎ -mente.

### Adverb

gratuitamente
* for free, gratis
    Synonym: gratis
* gratuitously; without basis or cause

### Further reading

* “gratuitamente”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Italian
### Etymology

From gratuito +‎ -mente.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡra.tu.i.taˈmen.te/
* Rhymes: -ente
* Hyphenation: gra‧tu‧i‧ta‧mén‧te

### Adverb

gratuitamente
* for free, gratis
    Synonym: gratis
* gratuitously

### References

* ↑ gratuitamente in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From gratuita +‎ -mente.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˌtuj.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/ [ɡɾaˌtuɪ̯.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi], (nonstandard but common) /ɡɾa.tuˌi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/ [ɡɾa.tʊˌi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi], (nonstandard but common, faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˌtwi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˌtuj.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/ [ɡɾaˌtuɪ̯.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi], (nonstandard but common) /ɡɾa.tuˌi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/ [ɡɾa.tʊˌi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi], (nonstandard but common, faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˌtwi.taˈmẽ.t͡ʃi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˌtuj.taˈmẽ.te/ [ɡɾaˌtuɪ̯.taˈmẽ.te], (nonstandard but common) /ɡɾa.tuˌi.taˈmẽ.te/ [ɡɾa.tʊˌi.taˈmẽ.te], (nonstandard but common, faster pronunciation) /ɡɾaˌtwi.taˈmẽ.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɾɐˌtuj.tɐˈmẽ.tɨ/, (nonstandard but common) /ɡɾɐˌtwi.tɐˈmẽ.tɨ/
* Hyphenation: gra‧tu‧i‧ta‧men‧te

### Adverb

gratuitamente (not comparable)
* for free, free of charge
    Synonyms: de graça, grátis
    Podemos estacionar gratuitamente no shopping.We can park for free in the mall.
* gratuitously, without cause

### Further reading

* “gratuitamente”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From gratuito +‎ -mente.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɾaˌtwitaˈmente/ [ɡɾaˌt̪wi.t̪aˈmẽn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ente
* Syllabification: gra‧tui‧ta‧men‧te

### Adverb

gratuitamente
* gratuitously; without basis or cause
* for free, gratis, free of charge
    Synonym: gratis

### Further reading

* “gratuitamente”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Yan
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jæn/

### Etymology 1

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 燕 (Yān).

#### Alternative forms

* Yen (Wade–Giles)

#### Proper noun

Yan
* (historical) An ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty.
** 1999 December 17, Stephen Holden, “FILM REVIEW; A Bloodthirsty Unification of China”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 February 2011, Movie Review‎:It is Lady Zhao who concocts a devious plan to unite the populace behind the emperor by arranging a bogus assassination attempt that will justify his invasion of the neighboring kingdom of Yan. The climactic showdown with Jing Ke (Zhang Fengyi), the fearless professional killer she recruits for the job (and with whom she falls deeply in love) takes place at an ambassadorial ceremony where he appears in disguise and presents Ying Zheng with a box containing the severed head of an enemy general and a map with a concealed sword.
** 2016 December 8, “Diggers find ancient tombs in Beijing suburb”, in AP News‎, sourced from BEIJING (AP), archived from the original on September 05, 2024‎:The excavations, made this year ahead of development of a new administrative district for Beijing, shed light on life in a county-level city that was alive with activity several hundred years earlier than experts previously thought. Archaeological teams this year found ceramic and porcelain urns, earthen sculptures of animals, copper tools and mirrors — some of which are believed to be made by the Yan, a northern kingdom that stood for centuries before falling to the conqueror who unified China and became its first emperor in 221 B.C.
* (historical) The realm of this land under later imperial Chinese dynasties.
* A mountain chain in northeastern China.

##### Synonyms

* (mountains): Yanshan

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

Yan (plural Yans)
* A male given name, equivalent to English John.
* A transliteration of the Belarusian, Russian, or Ukrainian male given name Ян (Jan)

##### Coordinate terms

* Jan
* John
* Jon
* Yohan
* Yon

### Anagrams

* AYN, Ayn, NAY, NYA, Nay, any, any%, ayn, nay

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

From Mandarin 顏／颜 (Yán). Doublet of Gan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈjan/ [ˈjan̪]
*** Rhymes: -an
** IPA: /ˈjen/ [ˈjɛn̪] (Mandarin Pinyin-literate)
*** Rhymes: -en
* Syllabification: Yan
* Homophone: 'yan

#### Proper noun

Yan (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜈ᜔)
* a Chinese surname from Mandarin

### Etymology 2

From Cantonese 甄 (jan$^1$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈjan/ [ˈjan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: Yan
* Homophone: 'yan

#### Proper noun

Yan (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜈ᜔)
* a Chinese surname from Cantonese

### Anagrams

* nay
# Nunhead
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /nʌnhɛd/
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Proper noun

Nunhead
* A suburban area of London, in the borough of Southwark, Greater London, England (OS grid ref TQ3575).

### References

* Ward map
# chiong
## English
### Etymology

From Hokkien 衝／冲 (chhiong, “to rush or charge”).

### Pronunciation

* (Singapore) IPA: [t͡ʃʰjɔŋ(˦)]

### Verb

chiong (Singapore, informal, Singlish)
* (intransitive) To rush or charge, usually to do, complete or obtain something, or to get to a particular place.
** 2014 July 11, SGNewsMan, “Scoot From $8 “Chiong Ah” Promo Air Fares 11 – 13 Jul 2014”, in Singapore Promotions‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:Scoot from just $8? Chiong Ah (To rush and hurry for the best deals)! From 11 to 13 July only, grab flights around Asia and Australia from just $8!
** 2015, “‘DON'T SAY GOT GOOD NEWS BO JIO! Aussie dollar sibeh low now, chiong ah!!!!!’”, in SGAG‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:DON'T SAY GOT GOOD NEWS BO JIO! Aussie dollar sibeh low now, chiong ah!!!!!
** 2015 July, sleepy, “COE trends”, in Kiasu Parents‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:If the general view is declining Coe price because supply increasing steadily, then why chiong to showroom now?
* To devote all of one’s time, energy, focus, and attention to doing or completing something.
** 2008 December 30, Brenda, “CHIONG AH!!”, in CAPTURED MOMENTS‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:Semesteral project still currently ‘gone case’, and I am so prepared to get hell from the teacher tomorrow..so, I’m already in hell…CHIONG AH!!!
** 2009 October 1, Joanne Ng, “Chiong ah!”, in Life Beauty Food‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:These few days really chiong my work like siao! Cos i'm one kind; if i can't finish my work, i won't be able to sleep well at night, no matter is what kind of work. Just as long as it's something i should complete, i must complete.
** 2012 June 22, IT Director, “Break time! Blocks Encouragement Post #4”, in HCunite‎, retrieved 2015-10-22:Break time! Blocks Encouragement Post #4’ [post on school’s webpage]: Hwa Chong, Hwa Chong, Chiong ah, Chiong ah! Our block tests will be starting in 3 days! For those of you who have not been spending much time on studying, IT’S TIME TO START.
* (intransitive) To go out partying or nightclubbing.
** 2005 March 9, “Home> Bar”, in SGFORUMS‎, retrieved 2015-11-11:Can recommend places go chiong/clubbing?
** 2012 September 12, “Lyrics for Songs Featured in Every Singaporean Son”, in MINDEF Singapore‎, archived from the original on 4 March 2016:Today Friday, my bookout day; Sushi, Or-Luah then buffet; After that go chiong all night; When I wake up my wallet damn light-ah; Aiyo Aiyo Ai-ai-yo-ah.
** 2012, Ivan Lim, Cara Van Miriah, Nightlife [Confidential], Volume 1, →ISBN:Where are you going to chiong tonight?

#### Usage notes

As an imperative verb, it is often followed by the Singlish particle ah.

#### Derived terms

* chiongster, chiong sua
# statistik dasar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of statistik +‎ dasar.

### Noun

statistik dasar (plural statistik-statistik dasar)
* (statistics) basic statistics: the study of how to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

### Further reading

* “statistik dasar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Majtburčěnín
## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈmajtburt͡ʃi̯ɛɲiːn/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈmajdburt͡ʃɛɲiːn/

### Noun

Majtburčěnín m pers
* inhabitant of Magdeburk

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “Majtburčěnín”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# gegenschein
## English
### Alternative forms

* Gegenschein

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Gegenschein (“counter-shine”), from gegen- +‎ Schein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡeɪ.ɡənˌʃaɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

gegenschein (countable and uncountable, plural gegenscheins)
* (astronomy) A faint brightening of the night sky in the region of the ecliptic directly opposite the Sun.
** 1860, George Jones, “Recent Observations, by various persons, on the Gegenschein, or Completed Arch of the Zodiacal Light”, in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Volume 13‎, Digitized edition, published 2007, page 172:My object in appearing before the Association, at this time, is to present the observations of several other persons on the gegenschein or completed arch of the zodiacal light, of which I have received accounts since our meeting in Motreal.
** 2001 Feb, John E. Bortle, “Introducing the Bortle Dark-sky Scale”, in Sky and Telescope, volume 101, number 2, page 126:The zodiacal light, gegenschein, and zodiacal band … are all visible.

#### Synonyms

* counterglow

#### See also

* Kordylewski cloud
* zodiacal light
# Aius Loquens
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.i̯us ˈlo.kʷens/, [ˈäːi̯ʊs̠ ˈɫ̪ɔkʷẽːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.jus ˈlo.kwens/, [ˈäːjus ˈlɔːkwens]

### Proper noun

Āius Loquens m sg (genitive Āiī Loquentis or Āī Loquentis); variously declined, second declension, third declension
* Alternative form of Āius Locūtius

#### Declension

Second-declension noun with a third-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

### References

* “Loquens Aius Loquens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Aius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Loquens Aius Loquens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# rebate plane
## English
### Noun

rebate plane (plural rebate planes)
* a hand plane designed for cutting rebates in wood

#### Synonyms

* rabbet plane

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* panel beater, panelbeater
# hovořič
## Old Czech
### Etymology

From hovořiti +‎ -č.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈɣoʋor̝it͡ʃ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈɦovor̝it͡ʃ/

### Noun

hovořič m pers
* speaker (one who makes a speech)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “hovořič”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# chvalič
## Old Czech
### Etymology

From chvaliti +‎ -č.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈxʋalit͡ʃ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈxvalit͡ʃ/

### Noun

chvalič m pers
* praiser

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “chvalič”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# Jonák
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech jonák (“youngster”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjonaːk]

### Proper noun

Jonák m anim (female equivalent Jonáková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Jonák”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# Buga
## English
### Alternative forms

* Buha

### Etymology

From Russian and Ukrainian Буга (Buha), perhaps from Proto-Slavic *buga.

### Proper noun

Buga (plural Bugas)
* A transliteration of the Russian surname Буга (Buga).
* A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Буга (Buha).

### Anagrams

* BUAG, ugba, Guba

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbu.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -uɡa
* Syllabification: Bu‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Buge, Buck.

#### Proper noun

Buga m pers
* a male surname from German

##### Declension
#### Proper noun

Buga f
* a female surname from German

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish Buga.

#### Proper noun

Buga f
* Buga (a city in the Valle del Cauca department, Colombia)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Proper noun

Buga m inan
* genitive singular of Bug

### Further reading

* Buga in PWN's encyclopedia
* “Buga”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022

## Romanian
### Etymology

From bugă.

### Proper noun

Buga m (genitive/dative lui Buga)
* a surname

### References

* Iordan, Iorgu (1983) Dicționar al numelor de familie românești [A Dictionary of Romanian Family Names]‎, Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Uncertain.

### Proper noun

Buga m (Cyrillic spelling Буга)
* a male given name

### Further reading

* “Buga”, in Portal suvremenih hrvatskih osobnih imena [Portal of contemporary Croatian personal names] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2018–2025
# 蟶埕
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): tĕng-*diàng
* Puxian Min (Putian, Pouseng Ping'ing): teng$^1$ dia$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): than-tiâⁿ
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕng-*diàng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛiŋ⁵⁵ tiaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: teng$^1$ dia$^2$ [Phonetic: teng$^5$ nia$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$nia¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: than-tiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: than-tiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tandviaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰan⁴⁴⁻²² tiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan³³ tiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan⁴⁴⁻²² tiã¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ tiã²³/

### Noun

蟶埕
* (Eastern, Southern and Puxian Min) razor clam farm (on the seaside)

#### See also

* 蟶子／蛏子 (chēngzi), 蟶仔／蛏仔
* 蟶乾／蛏干 (chēnggān)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “蟶埕”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “蛏埕”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 146.
# curvirostris
## Latin
### Etymology

From curvus (“bent”) +‎ rōstrum (“beak”) +‎ -is.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kur.u̯iˈroːs.tris/, [kʊru̯ɪˈroːs̠t̪rɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kur.viˈros.tris/, [kurviˈrɔst̪ris]

### Adjective

curvirōstris (neuter curvirōstre); third-declension two-termination adjective
* (New Latin) having a bent, curved or hooked beak

#### Usage notes

* Used almost exclusively as a taxonomic epithet and thus not normally in inflected forms other than the nominative singular.

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Related terms

* curvirostra
# Hēishān
## Mandarin
### Romanization

Hēishān (Zhuyin ㄏㄟ ㄕㄢ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 黑山
# ociepka
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* ocipka (Kielce)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ɔˈt͡ɕɛp.ka/
* Homophone: Ociepka

### Noun

ociepka f
* (Żywiec) bundle of barley or oat straw
    Hypernym: wiązka

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “ociepka”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 358
# drzéć
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈdʐet͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈdʐet͡ɕ/
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈdʐet͡ɕ]

### Verb

drzéć impf
* (intransitive, Far Masovian, Kielce) Alternative form of drzeć (“to run quickly”)
    Derem za tobo co sił. (Far Masovian) ― I was chasing you with all my might.
* (reflexive with się, Far Masovian) Alternative form of drzeć się (“to yell”)
    Nie drzyj sie, toć my wsyscy słysem co gadas. (Far Masovian) ― Don't yell, after all we all hear what you're saying.
* (transitive, Przemyśl) Alternative form of drzeć (“to carry out”)
    Drużki dro stół na dwór. (Przemyśl) ― The lady friends are taking the table outside.

### Further reading

* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “dřéć, dřéć się”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 106
* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “drzéć”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 333
* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “drzéć”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 91
# ndaʼiʼyoo-
## Navajo
### Prefix

ndaʼiʼyoo-
* first-person plural optative of niʼii-
# дәргит
## Kamassian
### Etymology

From Proto-Samoyedic *tər- (“such; so”).

### Postposition

дәргит (dərgit) (+ genitive)
* -like

### References

* Donner, Kai R. (1944) “də̣rgit”, in Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik‎, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
# madɛ́su
## Lingala
### Noun

madɛ́su class 6
* plural of lidɛ́su
# zmówiony
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zmuˈvjɔ.nɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔnɘ
* Syllabification: zmó‧wio‧ny

### Participle

zmówiony (passive adjectival)
* masculine singular passive adjectival participle of zmówić
# γέρας
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Perhaps originally "privilege of age", from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old”).
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀐𐀨 (ke-ra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡé.ras/ → /ˈʝe.ras/ → /ˈʝe.ras/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡé.ras/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɡe.ras/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈʝe.ras/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈʝe.ras/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈʝe.ras/

### Noun

γέρᾰς • (gérăs) n (genitive γέρᾰος or γέρως); third declension
* gift of honor
* gift (generally)
* privilege, prerogative
* perquisite
* reward

#### See also

* γῆρας (gêras)

### References

* “γέρας”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# adoptiva
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ə.ðupˈti.βə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ə.ðupˈti.və]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.ðopˈti.va]

### Adjective

adoptiva
* feminine singular of adoptiu

## Galician
### Adjective

adoptiva
* feminine singular of adoptivo

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* adoptīva: (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.dopˈtiː.u̯a/, [äd̪ɔpˈt̪iːu̯ä]
* adoptīva: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.dopˈti.va/, [äd̪opˈt̪iːvä]
* adoptīvā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.dopˈtiː.u̯aː/, [äd̪ɔpˈt̪iːu̯äː]
* adoptīvā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.dopˈti.va/, [äd̪opˈt̪iːvä]

### Adjective

adoptīva
* inflection of adoptīvus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

adoptīvā
* ablative feminine singular of adoptīvus

## Portuguese
### Adjective

adoptiva
* feminine singular of adoptivo

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adobˈtiba/ [a.ð̞oβ̞ˈt̪i.β̞a]
* Rhymes: -iba
* Syllabification: a‧dop‧ti‧va

### Adjective

adoptiva
* feminine singular of adoptivo

## Swedish
### Adjective

adoptiva
* inflection of adoptiv:
** definite singular
** plural