# stand
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /stænd/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* (æ-tensing) IPA: [steənd]
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ænd

### Etymology 1

From Middle English standen, stonden (verb) and stand, stond (noun, from the verb), from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place”), from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Pre-Germanic *sth₂-n-t-´, an innovative extended n-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Cognate with Scots stand (“to stand”), Saterland Frisian stounde (“to stand”), West Frisian stean (“to stand”), dialectal German standen (“to stand”), Danish stande (“to stand”), Swedish stånda (“to stand”), Norwegian standa (“to stand”), Faroese standa (“to stand”), Icelandic standa (“to stand”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan), Russian стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”). Also from *steh₂-: Irish seas, Latin stare, Lithuanian stóti, Old Church Slavonic стояти (stojati), Albanian shtoj (“to increase”), Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to put”), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hišta$^i$ti), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati). From the related Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): West Frisian stean, Dutch staan, German stehen, Danish stå.

#### Verb

stand (third-person singular simple present stands, present participle standing, simple past stood, past participle stood or (obsolete) standen or (nonstandard) stand)
* To position or be positioned physically:
** (intransitive, copulative) To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.
    Here I stand, wondering what to do next.
*** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […], and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.
*** 1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 93:At one time a "standard test" for carriage riding was to stand a pencil on end on the compartment floor, or to measure how long it was possible to stand on one leg without touching the corridor walls; […]
** (intransitive) To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.
    Stand up, walk to the refrigerator, and get your own snack.
** (intransitive, copulative) To remain motionless.
    Do not leave your car standing in the road.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 2:9:The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.
*** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.
*** 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 1:Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.
** (intransitive) To be placed in an upright or vertical orientation.
*** 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect.
*** 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom […]
** (transitive) To place in an upright or standing position.
    He stood the broom in a corner and took a break.
*** 1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 93:At one time a "standard test" for carriage riding was to stand a pencil on end on the compartment floor, or to measure how long it was possible to stand on one leg without touching the corridor walls; [...].
** (intransitive) To occupy or hold a place; to be set, placed, fixed, located, or situated.
    Paris stands on the Seine.
*** 1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 6:The chapel ſtands on the South ſide of the ſquare, near the governor’s houſe.
*** 2017 October 2, "Las Vegas shooting: At least 58 dead at Mandalay Bay Hotel", in bbc.com, BBC:
    Las Vegas police say the number of people injured now stands at 515.
** (intransitive) To measure when erect on the feet.
*** 1855, Alfred Tennyson, “Maud”, in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, part XIII, stanza 1, page 44:His face, as I grant, in spite of spite / Has a broad-blown comeliness, red and white, / And six feet two, as I think, he stands; […]
** (intransitive, of tears, sweat, etc.) To be present, to have welled up.
*** c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:many an orphan’s water-standing eye
*** 1651, Francis Bacon, “Sir Jervas his Confession”, in A True and Historical Relation of the Poysoning of Sir Thomas Overbury‎, London: John Benson & John Playford, page 71:now my heart beginneth to melt within me being wounded (with that the tears stood in his eyes) to see the faces of some here present, whom J most earnestly love, and now must depart from with shame […]
*** 1722 (indicated as 1721), [Daniel Defoe], The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders, &c. […], London: […] W[illiam Rufus] Chetwood, […]; and T. Edling, […], published 1722, →OCLC, page 222:[He] pull’d me up again, and then giving me tvvo or three Kiſſes again, thank’d me for my kind yielding to him; and vvas ſo overcome with the Satisfaction and Joy of it, that I savv Tears ſtand in his Eyes.
*** 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter 32, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 380:He takes me half-price to the play, to an extent which I sometimes fear is beyond his means; and I see the tears a standing in his eyes during the whole performance […]
*** 1902 January, John Buchan, “The Outgoing of the Tide”, in The Watcher by the Threshold, and Other Tales, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1902, →OCLC, page 258:How he escaped a broken neck in that dreadful place no human being will ever ken. The sweat, he has told me, stood in cold drops upon his forehead […]
* To position or be positioned mentally:
** (intransitive, followed by to + infinitive) To be positioned to gain or lose.
    He stands to get a good price for the house.
** (transitive, chiefly in the negative) To tolerate.
    I can’t stand when people don’t read the instructions.
    I can’t stand him.
*** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:[I]f you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery.
** (intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.
*** 1712 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “SATURDAY, February 2, 1711–1712”, in The Spectator, number 291; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:[R]eaders by whose judgment I would stand or fall […]The spelling has been modernized.
** (intransitive, copulative) To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Esther 8:11:The king granted the Jews […] to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life.
*** 1660 August 8 (Gregorian calendar), Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)[Sermon preached at St. Mary’s Church in Oxon]”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], new edition, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] Thomas Tegg, […], published 1843, →OCLC:the standing pattern of their imitationThe spelling has been modernized.
** (intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 9:10:sacrifices […] which stood only in meats and drinks
*** 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Accomplish what your signs foreshow; / I stand resigned, and am prepared to go.
*** 1826, [Walter Scott], Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC:Thou seest how it stands with me […], and that I may not tarry.
* To position or be positioned socially:
** (intransitive, cricket) To act as an umpire.
** (transitive) To undergo; withstand; hold up.
    The works of Shakespeare have stood the test of time.
*** 1700, [John] Dryden, “Theodore and Honoria, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Love stood the siege.
*** 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, (please specify the page):Bid him disband his legions, […] / And stand the judgment of a Roman senate.
*** 1735 January 13 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1734), [Alexander] Pope, An Epistle from Mr. Pope, to Dr. Arbuthnot, London: […] J[ohn] Wright for Lawton Gilliver […], →OCLC, page 16, lines 324–325:That not for Fame, but Virtue's better end, / He ſtood the furious Foe, the timid Friend, […]
** (intransitive, British) To be a candidate (in an election).
    He is standing for election to the local council.
*** 1678, Izaak Walton, The Life of Robert Sanderson:He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university.
** (intransitive) To remain valid.
    What I said yesterday still stands.
** (transitive) To oppose, usually as a team, in competition.
*** 1957, Matt Christopher, chapter 7, in Basketball Sparkplug:"Kim, Jack, and I will stand you guys," Jimmie Burdette said. / "We'll smear you!" laughed Ron.
*** c. 1973, R. J. Childerhose, Hockey Fever in Goganne Falls‎, page 95:The game stopped while sides were sorted out. Andy did the sorting. "Okay," he said. "Jimmy is coming out. He and Gaston and Ike and me will stand you guys."
*** 1978, Louis Sachar, chapter 21, in Sideways Stories from Wayside School, page 86:"Hey, Louis," Dameon shouted. "Do you want to play kickball?" ¶ ""All right," said Louis. "Ron and I will both play." […] "Ron and I will stand everybody!" Louis announced.
** (transitive) To cover the expense of; to pay for.
    to stand a round of drinks
    to stand a treat
    to stand bail (security in respect of an arrested person)
*** 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:I will either stand a glass of grog, or thou shalt pay the like for me, my lad
** (intransitive) To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation.
    Christian charity, or love, stands first in the rank of gifts.
*** 2022 September 13, Connor Simpson, “Obama is neutral on Egypt right now”, in The Atlantic‎, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-04:President Obama gave his first extended television interview since the protests in Libya and Egypt to Telemundo on Wednesday night, and he took the opportunity to explain the U.S.'s role in the developing world while clarifying where the country stands with Egypt right now.
** (intransitive) To be consistent; to agree; to accord.
*** c. 1619 (date written), P[hilip] M[assinger], N[athan] F[ield], The Fatall Dowry: A Tragedy. […], London: […] Iohn Norton, for Francis Constable, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act IV, signature I2, verso:Doubt me not, by Heauen, I vvill doe nothing / But vvhat may ſtand vvith honour: […]
** (intransitive) To appear in court.
* (intransitive, nautical) Of a ship or its captain, to steer, sail (in a specified direction, for a specified destination etc.).
** 1630, John Smith, True Travels, Kupperman, published 1988, page 40:To repaire his defects, hee stood for the coast of Calabria, but hearing there was six or seven Galleyes at Mesina hee departed thence for Malta […].
* (intransitive, copulative) To remain without ruin or injury.
** 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy
** 1816, Lord Byron, “Canto III”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Canto the Third, London: Printed for John Murray, […], →OCLC, stanza XXXII:The ruin'd wall / Stands when its wind-worn battlements are gone.
* (card games) To stop asking for more cards; to keep one's hand as it has been dealt so far.

##### Usage notes

* In older works, standen is found as a past participle of this verb; it is now archaic. The forms stooden and stand may also be found in dialectal speech; these are nonstandard.
* In sense 2.2 it is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing or infinitive to.... See Appendix:English catenative verbs.

##### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete. $^1$ Dialectal.

##### Derived terms

* a house divided against itself cannot stand
* a leg to stand on
* all standing
* astand
* behind every successful man there stands a woman
* bestand
* can't stand
* dwarf standing on the shoulders of giants
* forstand
* gainstand
* I stand corrected
* make someone's hair stand on end
* not have a leg to stand on
* offstand
* outstand
* overstand
* stand a chance
* stand alone, stand-alone
* stand and be counted
* stand and deliver
* stand apart
* stand around
* stand aside
* stand at attention
* stand back
* stand behind
* stand between
* stand by
* stand confessed
* stand corrected
* stand-down
* stand down
* stand easy
* standee
* stand fast the Holy Ghost
* stand fire
* stand firm
* stand for
* stand from under
* stand guard
* stand in
* stand-in
* stand in for
* standing on one's head
* stand in good stead
* stand in one's own light
* stand in one's value
* stand in someone's shoes
* stand in the gap
* stand in the gate
* stand in the way
* stand off, stand-off
* stand on
* stand on business
* stand on ceremony
* stand on end
* stand one's ground
* stand one's hand
* stand on its own
* stand on line
* stand on one's dignity
* stand on one's head
* stand on one's own bottom
* stand on one's own two feet
* stand on someone's shoulders
* stand on the shoulders of
* stand on the shoulders of giants
* stand on velvet
* stand out
* stand over
* stand pad
* stand pat
* stand Sam
* stand sentinel
* stand sentry
* stand shilly-shally
* stand someone in hand
* stand still
* stand tall
* stand there like a lemon
* stand the test of time
* stand to
* stand together
* stand to pee
* stand to reason
* stand treat
* stand trial
* stand under
* stand up against
* stand up and be counted
* stand up for
* stand upon one's dignity
* stand up on one's hind legs
* stand upon one's terms
* stand upon points
* stand up, stand-up, standup
* stand up to
* stand up with
* stand watch
* stand with
* time stand still
* true as I'm standing here
* true as I stand here
* understand
* upstand
* where you stand depends on where you sit
* withstand

##### Descendants

* → Ido: standar
* → Norman: stanner, sténer
* Sranan Tongo: tan

##### Translations

Afar: soole
Afrikaans: opstaan (af)
Armenian: կանգնել (hy) (kangnel)
Assamese: থিয় হোৱা (thi hüa)
Bashkir: тороу (torow)
Basque: zutitu
Belarusian: устава́ць impf (ustavácʹ), ўстава́ць impf (ŭstavácʹ), уста́ць pf (ustácʹ) ўстаць pf (ŭstacʹ)
Bengali: দাঁড়ানো (bn) (dãṛanō)
Bulgarian: става́м (bg) impf (stavám), ста́на (bg) pf (stána)
Catalan: posar-se dret
Chinese:
Mandarin: 站起來 / 站起来 (zh) (zhàn qǐlai)
Crimean Tatar: turmaq
Czech: postavit se (cs) pf, stoupnout si pf, vstávat (cs) impf, vstát (cs) pf
Danish: rejse (da) sig
Drung: rep
Dutch: opstaan (nl)
Egyptian: (ꜥḥꜥ)
Esperanto: stariĝi
Ewe: tsitrɛ n, tso n
Finnish: nousta (fi), nousta ylös, nousta seisomaan
French: se lever (fr)
Galician: pórse de pé, poñerse de pé
German: aufstehen (de)
Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (urreisan), 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (usstandan)
Greek:
Ancient Greek: ἀνίστημι (anístēmi), ανίσταμαι (anístamai)
Hungarian: feláll (hu)
Ido: staceskar (io)
Irish: seas
Italian: alzarsi (it) (in piedi), ergersi (it), elevarsi (it)
Japanese: 立つ (ja) (たつ, tatsu)
Korean: 올라서다 (ko) (ollaseoda), 서다 (ko) (seoda)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ھەستان (hestan)
Latin: surgo (la)
Macedonian: станува impf (stanuva), застанува impf (zastanuva)
Norwegian: reise seg, stå opp (no)
Occitan: se levar
Old English: ætstandan
Persian: ایستادن (fa) (istâdan), برخاستن (fa) (barxâstan), پا شدن (pâ šodan)
Polish: wstawać (pl) impf, wstać (pl) pf
Portuguese: levantar (pt), ficar em pé
Romanian: ridica (ro)
Romansch: star si
Russian: встава́ть (ru) impf (vstavátʹ), встать (ru) pf (vstatʹ)
Saho: soole
Scottish Gaelic: seas
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: у̀стати pf
Roman: ùstati (sh) pf
Spanish: levantarse (es), pararse (es)
Swahili: msimamo (sw)
Swedish: ställa sig upp
Telugu: నిలబడు (te) (nilabaḍu)
Thai: ลุก (th) (lúk)
Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎎 (qm)
Ukrainian: встава́ти impf (vstaváty), ста́ти (uk) pf (státy)
Zazaki: pay siyen :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

stand (plural stands)
* The act of standing.
** October 2, 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator No. 499
    I took my stand upon an eminence […] to look into their several ladings.
* A defensive position or effort.
    The Commander says we will make our stand here.
* A resolute, unwavering position; firm opinion; action for a purpose in the face of opposition.
** 1991 December 1, Rebecca Levine, Judy Greenspan, “A Great Need”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 20, page 9:There are also a growing number of lesbians in prison who are out about being lesbian and that stand in and of itself is much stronger than being out on the outside. These women are in much greater danger.
    They took a firm stand against copyright infringement.
* A period of performance in a given location or venue.
    They have a four-game stand at home against the Yankees.  They spent the summer touring giving 4 one-night stands a week.
* A device to hold something upright or aloft.
    He set the music upon the stand and began to play.  an umbrella stand;  a hat-stand
** 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.
** 2009, B.O.B Wild, The Dogs of War‎, page 69:Whilst I nipped out to get the booze Eddie would ease the large bread stand at the far end of the shop out from the counter so as to leave a gap behind, big enouh to take the basket. I would streak into the shop like a whippet and be behind the bread stand before you could blink.
* The platform on which a witness testifies in court; the witness stand or witness box.
    She took the stand and quietly answered questions.
** 2023 October 11, Victoria Bekiempis, “Bankman-Fried’s ex-girlfriend to take stand again after day of dramatic testimony”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:Shortly after Ellison started at Alameda around fall 2018 as a trader, she learned that the company was financially far sicker than she had known, she said on the stand.
* (historical) An area of raised seating for waiters at the stock exchange.
** 1923, Julius E. Day, The Stockbroker's Office: Organisation, Management and Accounts, page 99:When a member has failed to comply with his bargains the fact is announced from one of the stands, […]
** 1934, Frances Cosgrove, Scenes for Student Actors: Dramatic Selections from New Plays, page 8:Just as that clock is striking now, the two waiters appear on the stands and take off their hats, as if to a corpse.
* A particular grove or other group of trees or shrubs.
    This stand of pines is older than the one next to it.
** 2000, James Beament, The Violin Explained: Components, Mechanism, and Sound, page 159:Pernambuco is a coastal wood which grows in maintained stands in Brazil.
* (forestry) A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in age-class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit.
* A standstill, a motionless state, as of someone confused, or a hunting dog who has found game.
** 1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Truth”, in Essays:One of the later school of the Grecians, examineth the matter, and is at a stand, to think what should be in it, that men should love lies; where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchant; but for the lie’s sake.
** 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, I.168:Antonia's patience now was at a stand— "Come, come, 't is no time now for fooling there," She whispered […]
* A small building, booth, or stage, as in a bandstand or hamburger stand.
* A designated spot where someone or something may stand or wait.
    a taxi stand
* (US, dated) The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.
    a good, bad, or convenient stand for business
* (US, historical) Short for tavern stand (“a roadside inn”).
* (sports) Grandstand. (often in the plural)
** 2011 November 11, Rory Houston, “Estonia 0-4 Republic of Ireland”, in RTE Sport:The end of the opening period was relatively quite [sic] as Vassiljev's desperate shot from well outside the penalty area flew into the stand housing the Irish supporters and then Ward's ctoss [sic] was gathered by goalkeeper Pareiko.
* (cricket) A partnership.
** 2012 May 21, Tom Fordyce, “England v West Indies: Hosts cruise home in Lord's Test”, in BBC Sport:England wrapped up a five-wicket victory in the first Test as a stand of 132 between Alastair Cook and Ian Bell saw off an early West Indies charge.
* (military, plural often stand) A single set, as of arms.
** 1927, Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld, Paragon House, published 1990, →ISBN, page 170:The police and troops captured eleven thousand stand of arms, including muskets and pistols, together with several thousand bludgeons and other weapons.
* (obsolete) Rank; post; station; standing.
** 1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:Father, since your fortune did attain / So high a stand, I mean not to descend.
* (dated) A state of perplexity or embarrassment.
    to be at a stand what to do
* A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another kind of tree.
* A location or position where one may stand.
** c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):Come, I have found you out a stand most fit, / Where you may have such vantage on the duke, / He shall not pass you.
* (advertising) An advertisement filling an entire billboard, comprising many sheets of paper.
** 1900, Marketing Communications, volume 30, page 12:The cost of the printing alone will average $2 a 'stand.' The sheets are about 28x42 inches and are in four colors, which means they must go through the process four times.
** 1951 February 24, Billboard, page 52:Crew of 14 billers and a four-man brigade will be 10 days ahead and will use all special paper including new jungle and animal designs being prepared by Enquirer Printing Company. New this season will be a 20-sheet poster depicting 21 K-M elephants parading to local Chevrolet agencies. Deal calls for use of the 20-sheet on poster panels where the auto agency has space allotment. Smaller versions of the same art also will be used. Circulation of Kelly-Miller heralds, which last season averaged between 5,000 and 6,000 copies per stand, will be in for one of the greatest boosts this year.

##### Derived terms

* ash stand
* at a stand
* axle stand
* bandstand
* bicycle stand
* bike stand
* blow this Popsicle stand
* blow this pop stand
* bus stand
* card stand
* chopstick stand
* clamp stand
* clothes stand
* coat stand
* cock-stand
* concessions stand
* cruet stand
* dead stand
* deer stand
* dish stand
* farm stand
* final stand
* grandstand
* guinea stand
* half-night stand
* hatstand
* home stand
* hunting stand
* inkstand
* jack stand
* keg stand
* kickstand
* last stand
* lemonade stand
* make a stand
* muffin stand
* music stand
* one-minute stand
* one-night stand
* on the stand
* optic stand
* outstanding
* retort stand
* ring stand
* Sheffield stand
* smoke stand
* spirit-stand
* stable-stand
* stable stand
* stand hawk
* stand of arms
* standout
* stand pie
* standpoint
* standstill
* take a firm stand
* take a stand
* take the stand
* tank stand, tankstand
* taxi stand
* track stand
* tree stand
* TV stand
* umbrella stand
* upstanding
* washhand-stand
* washhand stand
* wash stand
* witness stand

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: estand
* → Danish: stand (semantic loan)
* → Dutch: stand
* → French: stand
** → Khmer: ស្តង់ (stɑng)
** → Romanian: stand
* → Italian: stand
* → Japanese: スタンド (sutando)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: stand
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: stand
* → Portuguese: estande, stand
* → Russian: стенд (stend)
** → Armenian: ստենդ (stend), սթենդ (stʻend)
* → Southern Ndebele: isitandi
* → Spanish: estand, stand
* → Swahili: stendi

##### Translations
#### Related terms

* stance
* stanza

### Etymology 2

From Middle English stand, stande, stond, stonde, stoonde, probably from Middle Dutch stande, from Old Dutch *standan (“to stand”), from Frankish *standan.
Forms with -o- may show influence of stonden (“stand”, verb).

#### Noun

stand (plural stands)
* (US, Scotland, dated) A container which stands upright, such as a barrel or cask.
** 1559, The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth. Among Which are Interspersed, Other Solemnities, Public Expenditures, and Remarkable Events, During the Reign of that Illustrious Princess. […], volume I, […] the Editor [John Nichols], […], published 1788, page 45:Item, for a ſtande of small ale - ii s.
** 1582, Rural Economy in Yorkshire in 1641, Being the Farming and Account Books of Henry Best, of Elmswell, in the East Riding of the County of York (The Publications of the Surtees Society; volume XXXIII), Durham: […] for the Society by George Andrews, […]. London: Whittaker & Co., […]; T. & W. Boone, […]. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1857, page 172:[…] one gialfatte, 3 stannes 3s., […]
** 1588, Martin Mar-prelate, An Epistle to the Terrible Priests of the Convocation House, London: John Petheram, published 1842, page 54:Therefore at length sir Iefferie bethought him of a feat whereby he might both visit the alestond, and also keepe his othe.
** 1594, John Lyly, “Mother Bombie”, in The Complete Works of John Lyly, published 1902, page 193:Memp. Ile teach my wag-halter to know grapes from barley. Pris. And I mine to discerne a spigot from a faucet. Spe. And I mine, to iudge the difference between a blacke boule and a siluer goblet. Stel. And mine shall learne the oddes betweene a stand and a hogs-head; yet I cannot choose but laugh to see how my wag aunswered mee, when I stroke him for drinking sacke.
** 1603, Thomas Dekker, “The VVonderfull Yeare”, in The Non-Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, volume I, published 1884, pages 123–124:As for the Tapſter, he fled into the Cellar, rapping out fiue or ſixe plaine Country oathes, that hée would drowne himſelfe in a moſt villanous Stand of Ale, if the ſicke Londoner ſtoode at the doore any longer.
** 1672, Thomas Shadwell, “Epsom-Wells”, in The Works of Thomas Shadwell, volume the second, London: […] James Knapton, […]; and Jacob Tonson, […], published 1720, page 196:I have the rareſt Stand of Ale to drink out in the Afternoon, with three or four honeſt Country-fellows;
** 1674, A Letter from a Gentleman of the Romish Religion to His Brother, a Person of Quality of the Same Religion; Perswading Him to Go to Church, and Take Those Oaths the Law Directs, Proving the Lawfulness Thereof by Arguments Not Disagreeable to Doctrines of the Roman Church, London: […] John Starkey, page 28:[…] that he may have leave to meet ſome few Neighbours to duſt a ſtand of Ale […]
** 1775, James Adair, The History of The American Indians; Particularly Those Nations Adjoining to the Missisippi, East and West Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, and Virginia: […], London: […] Edward and Charles Dilly, page 395:All his war ſtore of proviſions conſiſted in three ſtands of barbicued veniſon, till he had an opportunity to revenge blood, and return home.
** a. 1791, “Tam Lin”, in Francis James Child, editor, The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, part II, Boston, Mass.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; New York: […]; The Riverside Press, Cambridge; London: Henry Stevens, […], published 1884, page 344:First dip me in a stand o milk, / And then a stand o water;
* (obsolete) A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, used in weighing pitch.

##### References

* “stand(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “stand, n.$^2$”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* Sandt, t-DNAs, Dants, tsDNA, dasn't, tdnas

## Danish
### Etymology

From the verb stande, influenced by Middle Low German stant, German Stand and (in the sense "booth") English stand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsd̥anˀ]

### Noun

stand c (singular definite standen, plural indefinite stænder)
* position, social status, station
* class, rank
* occupation, trade, profession
* estate

#### Declension
### Noun

stand c (singular definite standen, plural indefinite stande)
* stand (device to hold something upright or aloft)
* stand (small building or booth)
* (uncountable) condition, repair

#### Related terms

* godt i stand
* i stand til

### References

* “stand” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *stand, from Proto-Germanic *standaz, related to the verb *stāną (“to stand”). Related to staan.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stand
* Rhymes: -ɑnt

#### Noun

stand m (plural standen, diminutive standje n)
* posture, position, bearing
* rank, standing, station; class
* score (of a game, match)

##### Synonyms

* (posture): houding
* (rank): rang, klasse
* (score): score

##### Derived terms

* adelstand
* burgerstand
* eindstand
* slaapstand
* speelstand
* stand van zaken
* standenmaatschappij
* standje
* tussenstand
* waterstand

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: stand

### Etymology 2

From English stand.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɛnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stand

#### Noun

stand m (plural stands, diminutive standje n)
* stand (small building or booth)

##### Synonyms

* kraam

### Anagrams

* danst

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑ̃d/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stand m (plural stands)
* stand (In various senses, such as a small building, booth, or stage, as in a bandstand or hamburger stand.)
* (motor racing) Pit.

#### Derived terms

* stand de tir

#### Descendants

* → Khmer: ស្តង់ (stɑng)
* → Romanian: stand

### Further reading

* “stand”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃtant/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ant

### Verb

stand
* first/third-person singular preterite of stehen

## Gothic
### Romanization

stand
* Romanization of 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From German Stand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃtɒnd]
* Hyphenation: stand
* Rhymes: -ɒnd

### Noun

stand
* stand, booth, stall, kiosk (a small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc., on the street or in a market)
    Synonym: bódé
    szabadtéri stand ― outdoor market stall

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* stand in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɛnd/
* Rhymes: -ɛnd

### Noun

stand m (invariable)
* stand, booth, stall, pavilion (at a fair)
* stand, gallery (at a sporting event)
* stand, case (in a store, supermarket)
* stall (at a shooting range)

#### Synonyms

* (at a fair, shooting range): padiglione

#### Derived terms

* standista

### References

* ↑ stand in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Further reading

* stand in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From the old verb stande (replaced by stå), and English stand (sense 3).

### Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural stander, definite plural standene)
* condition, order, state
* height, level, reading
* a stand (e.g. at an exhibition)

#### Derived terms

* husstand
* i stand til
* standpunkt
* vannstand

### References

* “stand” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From the old verb stande (replaced by stå).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑnd/, /stɑnː/
* IPA: /stɑɲː/ (northern palatalization)

#### Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural standar, definite plural standane)
* condition, order, state
* height, level, reading

##### Derived terms

* avstand
* barometerstand
* blomestand
* blomsterstand
* ektestand
* fruktstand
* frøkenstand
* fråstand
* gjenstand
* husstand
* i stand til
* middelstand
* motstand
* oljestand
* oppstand
* påstand
* sivilstand
* standpunkt
* stillstand
* tilstand
* ungkarsstand
* ustand
* vasstand
* velstand

##### Related terms

* anstand
* bestand
* bistand
* forstand

### Etymology 2

From German Stand, probably through Danish. Doublet of Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑnd/, /stɑnː/

#### Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural stender, definite plural stendene)
stand n (definite singular standet, indefinite plural stand, definite plural standa)
* (historical) an estate (social class)

##### Derived terms

* adelsstand
* bondestand
* borgarstand
* embetsstand
* fjerdestand
* forretningsstand
* handelsstand
* legestand
* lækjarstand
* middelstand
* prestestand
* riddarstand
* tredjestand
* understand

### Etymology 3

From English stand. Doublet of Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stænd/, /stænː/

#### Noun

stand m (definite singular standen, indefinite plural standar, definite plural standane)
* a stand (e.g. at an exhibition)

### References

* “stand” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *standaz, related to the verb *stāną (“to stand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑnd/

### Noun

stand m
* (rare) delay

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *standaz, related to the verb *stāną (“to stand”), whence also Old English stand.

### Noun

stand m
* stand (clarification of this definition is needed)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English stand.

### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈstɐ̃.dɨ/

### Noun

stand m (plural stands)
* Alternative form of estande

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French stand, from English stand.

### Noun

stand n (plural standuri)
* stand

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English stand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstand/ [ˈst̪ãn̪d̪], /esˈtand/ [esˈt̪ãn̪d̪]
* Rhymes: -and
* Syllabification: stand

### Noun

stand m (plural stands)
* stand (enclosed structure in the street)

#### Related terms

* estand

### Further reading

* “stand”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10