# 希

| 希 | U+5E0C, &#24076; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E0C |
| ← 帋 [U+5E0B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 帍 → [U+5E0D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

希 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 大大中月 (KKLB), four-corner 4022$_7$, composition ⿱㐅布)

#### Derived characters

* 桸, 唏, 浠, 稀, 晞, 烯, 郗, 欷, 豨, 瓻, 鵗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 329, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8813
* Dae Jaweon: page 634, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 731, character 19
* Unihan data for U+5E0C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 希
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 桸 | *hral, *hlɯl |
| 郗 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 絺 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 脪 | *l̥ʰɯl, *hrɯnʔ, *hlɯns |
| 瓻 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 希 | *hlɯl |
| 晞 | *hlɯl |
| 莃 | *hlɯl |
| 鵗 | *hlɯl |
| 稀 | *hlɯl |
| 睎 | *hlɯl |
| 豨 | *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ |
| 悕 | *hlɯl |
| 俙 | *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ |
| 欷 | *hlɯl, *hlɯls |
| 浠 | *hlɯl |
| 唏 | *hlɯlʔ, *hlɯls |
Originally 𢁫, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 爻 + 巾 (“cloth”).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xǐ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xì
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hĭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hi$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xi$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: xǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: xì
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$
*** Yale: hēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
*** Tâi-lô: hi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hi$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hi
*** Sinological IPA : /hi³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕi⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕi³³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit希 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕi³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sz̩³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕi³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕi³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hi⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hi²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hei⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hei⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xi⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hi³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hi²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: xj+j
Rime :
| Character | 希 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 香衣切 |
| Baxter | xj+j |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /xiəi/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭəi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xe̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlɯl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 希 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰəj/ |
| English | thin, sparse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 希 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13250 |
| Phonetic component | 希 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 希 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlɯl/ |

#### Definitions

希
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 稀 (xī, “rare; sparse”).
* to hope; to expect; to strive for
* to admire; to look up to
* Short for 希臘／希腊 (Xīlà, “Greece; Greek”).
    希政府 ― xī zhèngfǔ ― Greek government
    赴希 ― fù xī ― (formal) to go to Greece
    訪希／访希 ― fǎng xī ― (formal) to visit Greece
* Synonym of 絺 / 𫄨

#### Compounds

* 一線希望 / 一线希望
* 三希堂
* 不希罕
* 伯希和
* 先意希旨
* 克希荷夫
* 大音希聲 / 大音希声 (dàyīnxīshēng)
* 奧特貝希 / 奥特贝希 (Àotèbèixī)
* 布希 (Bùxī)
* 布希曼
* 希世 (xīshì)
* 希世之寶 / 希世之宝
* 希世之珍
* 希企
* 希伯來 / 希伯来 (Xībólái)
* 希伯來人 / 希伯来人 (xībóláirén)
* 希伯來書 / 希伯来书 (Xībóláishū)
* 希光
* 希冀 (xījì)
* 希利尼 (Xīlìní)
* 希力奧斯 / 希力奥斯
* 希區考克 / 希区考克
* 希古
* 希吾勒 (Xīwúlè)
* 希圖 / 希图 (xītú)
* 希夷
* 希奇 (xīqí)
* 希奇古怪
* 希少 (xīshǎo)
* 希希罕兒 / 希希罕儿
* 希微
* 希斯亞德 / 希斯亚德
* 希有 (xīyǒu)
* 希望 (xīwàng)
* 希望小學 / 希望小学 (xīwàng xiǎoxué)
* 希望工程
* 希求 (xīqiú)
* 希爛 / 希烂
* 希爾頓 / 希尔顿 (Xī'ěrdùn)
* 希特勒 (Xītèlè)
* 希珍
* 希罕
* 希聖 / 希圣
* 希聲 / 希声
* 希臘 / 希腊 (Xīlà)
* 希臘哲學 / 希腊哲学
* 希臘字母 / 希腊字母
* 希臘建築 / 希腊建筑
* 希臘戲劇 / 希腊戏剧
* 希臘教會 / 希腊教会
* 希臘正教 / 希腊正教
* 希臘神話 / 希腊神话
* 希臘群島 / 希腊群岛
* 希行
* 希詫 / 希诧
* 希風 / 希风
* 幾希 / 几希
* 庫木巴希 / 库木巴希 (Kùmùbāxī)
* 抗心希古
* 承風希旨 / 承风希旨
* 普希金 (Pǔxījīn)
* 望風希指 / 望风希指
* 波希
* 波希戰爭 / 波希战争
* 波希米亞 / 波希米亚 (Bōxīmǐyà)
* 貝希斯敦 / 贝希斯敦 (Bèixīsīdūn)
* 阿日希 (Ārìxī)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 希 – see 稀 (“rare; uncommon; scarce; sparse; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 稀).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* beg, request
* hope
* rare (also 稀)
* Greece (short for 希臘 (Girishia))

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: まれ (mare, 希)、のぞみ (nozomi)、こいねがう (koinegau, 希う)
* Nanori: の (no)、のぞ (nozo)、のぞみ (nozomi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 希
* き Grade: 4
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲi]

#### Affix

希(き) • (ki)
* to hope

#### Compounds

* 希(き)求(きゅう) (kikyū)
* 希(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 希
* き Grade: 4
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 稀
希 is a daiyōji replacing 稀.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲi]
* IPA: [ke̞]

#### Affix

希(き) or 希(け) • (ki or ke)
* rare; scarce
* sparse; dilute

#### Compounds

* 希(き)ガス (kigasu)
* 希(き)釈(しゃく) (kishaku)
* 希(き)少(しょう) (kishō)
* 希(き)薄(はく) (kihaku)
* 希(け)有(う) (keu)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 希
* まれ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 希 – see the following entry. :
| 【稀まれ】J | [adjective] rare |
(This term, 希, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

希 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

希: Hán Nôm readings: hơi, he, hê, hy, hây, hi, thu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.