# 葡萄牙
## Chinese
### Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Portuguese Portugal, possibly via Hokkien 葡萄牙 (Phû-tô-gâ). Attested in 海國聞見錄 [1730] by Chen Lunjiong (陳倫烱).
The selection of 葡萄 (“grape”) in the phonetic transcription alludes to the importance of viniculture to the early Portuguese missionaries to China, who used grapes to make sacramental wine (葡萄酒).
Compare 西班牙 (Xībānyá, “Spain”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Pútáoyá
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pou$^4$ tou$^4$ ngaa$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): pu$^3$ hau$^3$ nga$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Phù-thò-ngà
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pu$^2$ tau$^2$ nga$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Buò-dò̤-ngà
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Phû-tô-gâ / Phô-tô-gâ / Phû-tô-gê / Phô-tô-gêe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pu$^5$ to$^5$ ghê$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bu-dau-nga
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Pútáoyá
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Pútáoyá
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻu$^2$-tʻao$^2$-ya$^2$
*** Yale: Pú-táu-yá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwutaurya
*** Palladius: Путаоя (Putaoja)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pou$^4$ tou$^4$ ngaa$^4$
*** Yale: pòuh tòuh ngàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pou$^4$ tou$^4$ ngaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pou$^4$ tou$^4$ nga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: pu$^3$ hau$^3$ nga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²² hau²² ᵑɡa²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Phù-thò-ngà
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu$^ˇ$ to$^ˇ$ nga$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pu$^2$ to$^2$ nga$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹ ŋa¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pu$^2$ tau$^2$ nga$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰau¹¹ ŋa¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Buò-dò̤-ngà
*** Sinological IPA : /puo⁵³⁻³³ $^{(t-)}$lo⁵³⁻³³ ŋa⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gâ
*** Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ɡa²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡa²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gâ
*** Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoi'doi'gaa
*** IPA (Tainan): /pʰɤ²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gê
*** Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gee
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ɡe²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gêe
*** Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gêe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² ɡɛ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pu$^5$ to$^5$ ghê$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô gê
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡe⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$bu-dau-nga
*** MiniDict: bu$^去$ dau nga
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$bu-dau-nga
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²² dɔ⁵⁵ ŋa²¹/

### Proper noun

葡萄牙
* Portugal (a country in Europe)
** 1730, 陳倫烱, 海國聞見錄, volume 上卷, page 33:
       Pútáoyá zhě, Àomén zhī zǔjiā yě. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 3, page 11:
       Qiánmíng zhōngyè, Pútáoyá jù Xīlán hǎikǒu, lì bùtóu, xún wéi Hélán suǒ duó. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* 博都雅 (Bódūyǎ) (historical)
* 大西洋國 / 大西洋国 (Dàxīyáng Guó) (historical)
* 波爾杜瓦爾 / 波尔杜瓦尔 (historical)
* 葡 (pú) (abbreviation)
* 葡國 / 葡国 (Púguó) (short form)
* 葡萄亞 / 葡萄亚 (historical)
* 蒲都麗家 / 蒲都丽家 (historical)
* 蒲麗都家 / 蒲丽都家 (historical)
* 西洋國 / 西洋国 (historical)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 葡萄牙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 葡萄牙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 葡萄牙, 葡國 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 葡萄牙, 葡國 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 葡萄牙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 葡萄牙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 葡萄牙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 葡萄牙 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 葡萄牙 |

#### Derived terms

* 葡萄牙人 (pútáoyárén)
* 葡萄牙共和國 / 葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)
* 葡萄牙戰艦 / 葡萄牙战舰 (Pútáoyá zhànjiàn)
* 葡萄牙桂櫻 / 葡萄牙桂樱 (Pútáoyá guìyīng)
* 葡萄牙語 / 葡萄牙语 (pútáoyáyǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 포도아(葡萄牙) (Podoa)
* → Vietnamese: Bồ Đào Nha (葡萄牙)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 葡 | 萄 | 牙 |
| ぽる Jinmeiyō | と Jinmeiyō | がる Grade: S |
| irregular |||

### Alternative forms

* 葡国
* 葡

### Etymology

The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Chinese 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)

### Proper noun

葡萄牙(ポルトガル) • (Porutogaru)
* Obsolete spelling of ポルトガル (“Portugal”).

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 葡 | 萄 | 牙 |

### Proper noun

葡萄牙 • (Podoa) (hangeul 포도아)
* hanja form of 포도아 (“Portugal (obsolete)”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 葡 | 萄 | 牙 |

### Proper noun

葡萄牙
* chữ Hán form of Bồ Đào Nha (“Portugal”).