# res
## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* Res (mathematical analysis)

### Symbol

res
* (mathematical analysis) residue
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Reshe.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Reshe terms

## English
### Etymology 1

From re +‎ -s.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹeɪz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪz
* Homophones: raise, rase, rays, raze, rehs, réis

#### Noun

res
* plural of re

### Etymology 2

Clippings.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹɛz/
* Rhymes: -ɛz

#### Noun

res (plural reses)
* (Canada, US, informal) Clipping of reservation or reserve.
    Synonym: (Indian reserve or reservation) rez
* (Canada, South Africa) Clipping of residence.
* (computing) Clipping of resolution (of a computer display or image).
    Coordinate term: hi-res
    Can I get that in a higher res?
* Clipping of reservoir (from computer water cooling).
* (roleplaying games) Clipping of resurrection.
    Can I get a res please?
* (gaming) Clipping of resistance.
    Your magic res doesn't need to be that high.

##### Derived terms

* des res
* go off the res
* high-res
* low-res

#### Verb

res (third-person singular simple present resses or reses, present participle ressing or resing, simple past and past participle ressed or resed)
* (roleplaying games) Clipping of resurrect.
    You have the skills, right? Res me please.
** 2022 May 19, Simarded, 13:23 from the start, in Experiencing Death In Every Way In SCP Secret Laboratory - Part 2‎, archived from the original on 11 February 2023:And the other death was falling in the Void of Armory; I also forgot to do this, so here's a quick video of me getting ressed by a Plague Doctor and then me, as a zombie, jumping into the Void.

### See also

* res angusta domi
* res cogitans
* res communis
* res extensa
* res gestae
* res integra
* res inter alios acta
* res nullius

### Anagrams

* -ers, ERS, ERs, ESR, RSE, SER, SRE, ers, ser, ser.

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res, Occitan ren and French rien.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈres/
* Rhymes: -es
* Syllabification: res

### Pronoun

res
* nothing, not anything
    No quiero saber-ne res més de tu. ― I don't want anything to do with you anymore.
* anything (in questions or in negative sentences)
    que i falta res? ― is there anything missing?

#### Alternative forms

* cosa

#### References

* ↑ Gramatica basica de l'aragonés, academia de l'aragonés (2017)

## Asturian
### Noun

res
* plural of re

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin rēs (“thing”). Compare Aragonese res, Occitan ren and French rien.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈrɛs]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈrəs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈres]

#### Pronoun

res
* nothing, not anything
    No vull saber res més de tu. ― I don't want anything to do with you anymore.
* anything (in questions or in negative sentences)
    que hi falta res? ― is there anything missing?
** 2019 August 11, Gemma Sardà, “El meu veí el músic”, in La Vanguardia‎:No sembla mai que vagi a un lloc concret a fer-hi res de concret. Es passeja.It never seems like he's going to a concrete place to do anything concrete there. He strolls.

##### Usage notes

* In Algherese, this form alternates with arrés: arrés is the default form; whereas res is used after prepositions or words ending in the sound [a].

##### Alternative forms

* re
* rès (obsolete)
* arrés (Alghero)

##### Derived terms

* de res
* no-res

#### References

* El Català de l'Alguer : un model d'àmbit restringit, Barcelona, 2003, →ISBN, page 19

### Etymology 2

Deverbal from resar. A Hispanicism.

#### Alternative forms

* rés (pre-2016 spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈres]

#### Noun

res m (plural resos) (Christianity)
* prayer (action or act of praying)
    Synonyms: oració, pregària
* office (required liturgy to be recited each day)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈres]

#### Noun

res
* plural of re (“re (second note of the musical scale)”)

### Etymology 4
#### Alternative forms

* rés (pre-2016 spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈres]

#### Verb

res
* (Balearic, Alghero) first-person singular present indicative of resar

### Further reading

* “res” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “res”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “res” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “res” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

res
* to need
* must

#### Adjective

res
* necessary, obligatory

#### Particle

res
* (optative particle) may
* (perfective particle) have

##### Usage notes

* (particle) Used before vowels, with mos

##### Derived terms

* a res (“essential”)
* heb res (“unnecessary”)
* res porres (“absolute necessity”)
* res yw avowa (“admittedly”)

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps borrowed from English race”

#### Noun

res m (plural resow)
* course
* flow
* race

##### Derived terms

* keynres (“torrent”)
* res a-dro (“carousel, merry-go-round”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Cornish rhyd, from Proto-Brythonic *rrɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ɸritus. Cognate with Welsh rhyd.

#### Noun

res f (plural resyow)
* (Revived Late Cornish) Alternative form of rys (“ford”)
* (placenames) ford

##### Usage notes

* Found in stressed syllables of placenames - e.g. Resrudh.

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Latin rēs (“thing”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈres/

#### Noun

res f (plural reses)
* head of quadrupedal cattle or game
* flock, herd; cattle
** 1355, E. Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 168:os quaes me pagastes en dineiros et en reswhich you paid me in money and in cattle

#### Pronoun

res
* (rare or dated) nothing (in negative sentences)
    Synonym: nada
    Non sei res diso. ― I know nothing about it.

##### Related terms

* ren
* rexelo

### Etymology 2

Plural of re.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈres/

#### Noun

res m pl
* plural of re

### Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese rẽes (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rēnes (“kidneys”). Cognate with Portuguese rins.

#### Alternative forms

* rens

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈres/

#### Noun

res m pl (plural only)
* small of the back
    Synonyms: cadrís, lombo
** 1409, G. Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de medicina equorum" de Joradanus Ruffus, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 191:reerás primeiramente os lombos ou as rẽes do cavaloyou will first shave the horse's back and the smalls of the back

##### Derived terms

* derrear

##### Related terms

* ril

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “re_es”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “rẽes”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “res”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “res”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “res”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Latin
### Etymology

For the expected *rīs, remodelled on a new oblique stem *rēj-, from Proto-Italic *reis, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”).
Cognate to Old Persian [Term?] (/⁠rāy-⁠/, “paradise, wealth”), Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬫- (rāy-, “paradise, wealth”), Northern Kurdish raye (“power, authority, office, state”), Sanskrit रै (raí, “property. wealth”), रयि (rayí, “stuff, material, property, goods”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /reːs/, [reːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /res/, [rɛs]

### Noun

rēs f (genitive reī); fifth declension
* thing, object, stuff
    Synonym: corpus
    Dīxit duās rēs eī rubōrī fuisse.He said that two things had abashed him.
* matter, issue, subject, topic
    res repetere ― to demand redress/to seek redress
** Ab Urbe Condita, Titus Livius, I, 32 :hoc tum modo [...] repetitae resThen in this manner the redress having been sought
** a. 149 BC, Cato the Elder (attributed quote)
    Rem tenē, verba sequenturGrasp the matter, the words will follow
* affair, event
* story, history
* state, republic, commonwealth
** c. early 5th century AD, attributed to Ennius by Augustinus in De Civitate Dei; Book II, Chapter XXI
    Mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virīsque.The Roman state remains by means of its ancient customs and heroes.
** 27 - 25 BC . Ab Urbe Condita, Titus Livius, Book II, Chapter IX.
    Adeo valida res tum Clusina erat, magnumque Porsinae nomen.Then so strong was state of Clusium and so great Porsena's name.
    novae rēs ― a revolution
* deed
    Synonyms: factum, āctus, facinus, commissum, āctiō, gestum, coeptum, inceptum
* circumstances
* effects, substance, property, possessions
    Synonyms: bonum, fortūna
    res familiaris ― family estate, family heritage

#### Declension

Fifth-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* reāpse
* reus
* rēcula/rēscula
* rem acū tetigistī
* rēs, nōn verba (“deeds, not words”)
* reālis
* rēs adiūdicāta
* rēs gestae
* rēs prīvāta
* rēs pūblica/rēspūblica
* rēs iūdicāta
* in mediās rēs

#### Descendants

* Catalan: res, re (“nothing; anything”)
* ⇒ English: ad rem, foedus rerum, in medias res, in re, in rem, re, rebus, reification, res judicata, res ipsa loquitur
* ⇒ Gascon: malorrem (“wicked, crafty”) (Gers)
* Franco-Provençal: ren (in quôqua ren, "something")
* Old French: rien (“creature, thing”)
** French: rien (“nothing; anything”)
* Galician: res (“head of cattle; herd”), ren (“nothing”)
* ⇒ Old Occitan: g(r)anren, g(r)anre (“many”), aldres (“something else”)
* Occitan: res (“-thing, -body”) (with non or pas), ren, rèn (“person; something”)
* Old Galician-Portuguese: ren, rem (“creature; thing”)
* ⇒ Old Galician-Portuguese: algorrem (“something”)
* Sardinian: rese, arrèse (“head of cattle, animal”) (Logudorian), arrèsi, erèxi, resi, resa (Campidanian)
* Old Spanish: res (“head of cattle, animal; thing, nothing; person”)
** Spanish: res (“head of cattle, animal”)
* Portuguese: rês (“head of cattle; herd”)

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rēs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 287
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “res”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 543

### Further reading

* “res”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “res”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "res", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* res in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the universe: rerum or mundi universitas creation; nature: rerum natura or simply natura God is the Creator of the world: deus est mundi procreator (not creator), aedificator, fabricator, opifex rerum the elements: elementa; initia or principia rerum the elements and first beginnings: elementa et tamquam semina rerum picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36) the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus the world of sense, the visible world: res externae human life: res humanae or simply res that is the way of the world; such is life: haec est rerum humanarum condicio to despise earthly things: res externas or humanas despicere to feel superior to the affairs of life: res humanas infra se positas arbitrari my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: res meae meliore loco, in meliore causa sunt under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate a critical position; a hopeless state of affairs: res dubiae, perditae, afflictae the facts are these; the matter stands thus: res ita est, ita (sic) se habet circumstances make this necessary; the exigencies of the case are these: res (ita) fert the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that..: res eo or in eum locum deducta est, ut... how are you getting on: quo loco res tuae sunt? whatever happens; in any case: utcumque res ceciderit what will be the issue, end, consequence of the matter: quorsum haec res cadet or evadet? the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development: res aliter cecidit ac putaveram cause and effect: causae rerum et consecutiones concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent in many respects; in many points: multis rebus or locis as regards the rest; otherwise: ceteris rebus (not cetera) from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus the matter is still undecided; it is an open question: res integra est I have not yet committed myself: res mihi integra est to put the matter entirely in some one's hands: omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri when life runs smoothly: in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus misfortune, adversity: res adversae, afflictae, perditae the position is very critical: res in summo discrimine versatur affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: res ad extremum casum perducta est to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse) to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests: suis rebus or sibi consulere I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur to live in great affluence: in omnium rerum abundantia vivere to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi to demand restitution, satisfaction: res repetere to give restitution, satisfaction: res restituere a thing meets with my approval: res mihi probatur I express my approval of a thing: res a me probatur I blame this in you; I censure you for this: hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem) the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris to have all one's trouble for nothing: rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere creatures of the imagination: rerum imagines creatures of the imagination: res cogitatione fictae or depictae to study the commonplace: cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere) after mature deliberation: omnibus rebus circumspectis the matter tends towards..., has this object.[1: res eo spectat, ut there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma) to have had practical experience: in rebus atque in usu versatum esse varied, manifold experience: multarum rerum usus we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus everyday experience tells us this: res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet to have had no experience of the world: (rerum) imperitum esse to be well-informed, erudite: multarum rerum cognitione imbutum esse (opp. litterarum or eruditionis expertem esse or [rerum] rudem esse) to borrow instances from history: exempla petere, repetere a rerum gestarum memoria or historiarum (annalium, rerum gestarum) monumentis examples taken from Roman (Greek) history: exempla a rerum Romanarum (Graecarum) memoria petita moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur theoretical, speculative philosophy: philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur to define a thing: rem (res) definire systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9) to reunite disconnected elements: rem dissolutam conglutinare, coagmentare I have a point to discuss with you: res mihi tecum est the very facts of the case show this: res ipsa docet the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur the question is settled, finished: res confecta est Roman history (i.e. the events in it): res Romanae Roman history (i.e. the events in it): res gestae Romanorum Roman history (i.e. the exposition, representation of it by writers): historia Romana or rerum Romanarum historia Roman history (as tradition): memoria rerum Romanarum to write a history of Rome: res populi Romani perscribere an historian: rerum scriptor an historian: rerum auctor (as authority) we read in history: apud rerum scriptores scriptum videmus, scriptum est ancient history: rerum veterum memoria universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria historic truth: historiae, rerum fides an acknowledged historical fact: res historiae fide comprobata genuine historical truth: incorrupta rerum fides to be well versed in Roman history: memoriam rerum gestarum (rerum Romanarum) tenere to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare an astronomer: spectator siderum, rerum caelestium or astrologus to celebrate some one's exploits in song: alicuius res gestas versibus ornare, celebrare graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202) to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur) to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis): rem paucis absolvere (Sall. Iug. 17. 2) the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus ipsis par est oratio the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus verba respondent to detail the whole history of an affair: ordine narrare, quomodo res gesta sit I have abundance to say: res (opp. verba) mihi suppetit to arrange and divide the subject-matter: res componere ac digerere the arrangement of the subject-matter: dispositio rerum (De Inv. 1. 7. 9) abundance of material: materia rerum et copia uberrima a theme, subject proposed for discussion: res proposita to come back to the point: ad rem redire the question at issue: res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur to be contented: rebus suis, sorte sua contentum esse to despair of one's position: desperare suis rebus absolute despair; a hopeless situation: desperatio rerum (omnium) (Catil. 2. 11. 25) his enthusiasm has abated, cooled down: ardor animi resēdit, consedit there is something repulsive about the thing: res habet aliquid offensionis to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem ritual; ceremonial: sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae to take part in divine service (of the priest): rebus divinis interesse (B. G. 6. 13) to sacrifice: rem divinam facere (dis) after having performed the sacrifice (with due ritual): rebus divinis (rite) perpetratis after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere) a comfortably-furnished house: domus necessariis rebus instructa to keep house: rem domesticam, familiarem administrare, regere, curare to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a) to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem familiarem tueri to neglect, mismanage one's household matters: rem familiarem neglegere movable, personal property: res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes (Liv. 5. 25. 6) the necessaries of life: res ad vitam necessariae things indispensable to a life of comfort: res ad victum cultumque necessariae to be abandoned to a life of excess: omnium rerum copia diffluere to squander all one's property: dissipare rem familiarem (suam) to separate from, divorce (of the man): aliquam suas res sibi habere iubere (Phil. 2. 28. 69) a thing is going out of use, becoming obsolete: res obsolescit to settle, finish a transaction: negotium (rem) conficere, absolvere to have business relations with some one: contrahere rem or negotium cum aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41) imports and exports: res, quae importantur et exportantur finance; money-matters: res nummaria or pecuniaria to rear stock: rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1) to give the state a constitution: rem publicam constituere to give the state a constitution: rem publicam legibus et institutis temperare (Tusc. 1. 1. 2) to have no constitution, be in anarchy: nullam habere rem publicam to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus to govern, administer the state: rem publicam gerere, administrare, regere, tractare, gubernare to devote oneself to politics, a political career: accedere, se conferre ad rem publicam to devote oneself to politics, a political career: rem publicam capessere (Off. 1. 21. 71) (ambiguous) to take part in politics: in re publica or in rebus publicis versari to defend, strengthen the state: rem publicam tueri, stabilire the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet) to aggrandise, extend the power of the state: rem publicam augere, amplificare (ambiguous) for the advantage of the state; in the interests of the state: e re publica (opp. contra rem p.) (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae) to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2) to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: omnes curas et cogitationes in rem publicam conferre (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes statesmen: principes rem publicam administrantes or simply principes political questions: res civiles to leave a matter to be decided by popular vote: multitudinis suffragiis rem permittere to throw oneself heart and soul into politics: studio ad rem publicam ferri democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis a demagogue, agitator: plebis dux, vulgi turbator, civis turbulentus, civis rerum novarum cupidus revolutionists: homines seditiosi, turbulenti or novarum rerum cupidi to hold revolutionary opinions: novis rebus studere to hold revolutionary opinions: novarum rerum cupidum esse to plot a revolution: novas res moliri (Verr. 2. 125) to foster revolutionary projects: contra rem publicam sentire to be guilty of high treason: contra rem publicam facere to shake the stability of the state: rem publicam labefactare to throw the state into confusion: rem publicam perturbare to damage the state: rem publicam vexare to completely overthrow the government, the state: rem publicam funditus evertere general confusion; anarchy: perturbatio omnium rerum (Flacc. 37) things seem tending towards an interregnum: res fluit ad interregnum amnesty (ἀμνηρτία): ante actarum (praeteritarum) rerum oblivio or simply oblivio to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui to give some one unlimited power in state affairs: rem publicam alicui permittere (1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power: rerum potiri to deliver the state from a tyranny: rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione to enjoy absolute immunity: immunitatem omnium rerum habere to enrich oneself at the expense of the state: rem publicam quaestui habere an interregnum ensues: res ad interregnum venit or adducitur let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4) a matter is referred (for decision) from the senate to the people: a senatu res ad populum reicitur (ambiguous) to charge some one with a capital offence: accusare aliquem rei capitalis (rerum capitalium) to rescind a decision: res iudicatas rescindere (Cic. Sull. 22. 63) to look after the commissariat: rem frumentariam comparare, providere to perform heroic exploits: magnas res gerere a success; a glorious feat of arms: res fortiter feliciterque gesta a success; a glorious feat of arms: res bene gesta exploits in war; brilliant actions: res gestae matters have reached the fighting-stage: res ad arma venit to demand satisfaction, restitution: res repetere (ab aliquo) (Off. 1. 11. 36) to make restitution: res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11) to refer a matter to a council of war: rem ad consilium deferre to win, lose a fight (of the commander): rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...) the position is critical: res est in periculo, in summo discrimine the triarii must now fight (proverbially = we are reduced to extremities): res ad triarios redit (Liv. 8. 8) to fight with swords at close quarters: gladio comminus (opp. eminus) rem gerere to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword: omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere swords must now decide the day: res ad gladios vēnit swords must now decide the day: res gladiis geri coepta est the fighting is now at close quarters: res ad manus venit to have a powerful navy: rebus maritimis multum valere in short; to be brief: ut paucis (rem) absolvam but this is not to the point: sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem you have hit the nail on the head: rem acu tetigisti it is so: ita res est the matter stands so (otherwise): res ita (aliter) se habet (ambiguous) Gaul is bounded by the Rhone.[TR1: Gallia Rhodano continetur (vid. sect. V. 4., note contineri aliqua re...) (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre (ambiguous) to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei (ambiguous) to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re (ambiguous) to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei (ambiguous) in the time of the Republic: libera re publica (ambiguous) to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger: manum non vertere alicuius rei causa (ambiguous) to make oneself conspicuous: conspici, conspicuum esse aliqua re (ambiguous) to feast one's eyes with the sight of..: oculos pascere aliqua re (also simply pasci aliqua re) (ambiguous) to turn one's gaze away from an object: oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre) (ambiguous) to be seriously ill: vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre (ambiguous) to watch by a sick man's bedside: assidēre aegroto (Liv. 25. 26) (ambiguous) the case is exactly similar (entirely different): eadem (longe alia) est huius rei ratio (ambiguous) according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore (ambiguous) according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re (ambiguous) to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re (ambiguous) to commence a thing: initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei (ambiguous) the motive, cause, is to be found in..: causa posita est in aliqua re (ambiguous) the motive, cause, is to be found in..: causa repetenda est ab aliqua re (not quaerenda) (ambiguous) extraneous causes: causae extrinsecus allatae (opp. in ipsa re positae) (ambiguous) to originate in, arise from: ex aliqua re nasci, manare (ambiguous) to originate in, arise from: ab aliqua re proficisci (ambiguous) to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid) (ambiguous) untold advantages arise from a thing: utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to have regard for; take into consideration: rationem habere alicuius rei (ambiguous) in both cases; whichever way you look at it: in utraque re (ambiguous) to depend upon a thing: positum, situm esse in aliqua re (ambiguous) to depend upon a thing: contineri aliqua re (ambiguous) to depend upon a thing: consistere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to depend upon a thing: pendēre ex aliqua re (ambiguous) all depends on this; this is the decisive point: in ea re omnia vertuntur (ambiguous) to be composed of; to consist of: constare ex aliqua re (ambiguous) it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re) (ambiguous) the decision of the question rests with you: penes te arbitrium huius rei est (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit... (ambiguous) no opportunity of carrying out an object presents itself: nulla est facultas alicuius rei (ambiguous) to be induced by a consideration: adduci aliqua re (ad aliquid or ut...) (ambiguous) his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to make trial of; to risk: periculum facere alicuius rei (ambiguous) to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him: consolari aliquem de aliqua re (ambiguous) to suffer from want of a thing: inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi (ambiguous) to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re (ambiguous) (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me (ambiguous) to throw away, sacrifice: iacturam alicuius rei facere (ambiguous) to balance a loss by anything: damnum compensare cum aliqua re (ambiguous) to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re) (ambiguous) to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing: multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere (ambiguous) the stipulated reward for anything: pacta merces alicuius rei (ambiguous) to expostulate with a person about a thing: conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re (ambiguous) to inform a person: certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re) (ambiguous) to mention a thing: mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to mention a thing incidentally, casually: mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. (ambiguous) to mention a thing incidentally, casually: in mentionem alicuius rei incidere (ambiguous) to mention a thing incidentally, casually: mentio alicuius rei incidit (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre (ambiguous) to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing: studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to exert oneself very considerably in a matter: desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38) (ambiguous) to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4) (ambiguous) to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnes nervos in aliqua re contendere (ambiguous) to be engaged upon a matter: occupatum esse in aliqua re (ambiguous) to be engaged upon a matter: intentum esse alicui rei (ambiguous) to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere (ambiguous) to recruit oneself, seek relaxation: animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re) (ambiguous) something comes into my mind: mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei (ambiguous) to draw away some one's attention from a thing: alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere (ambiguous) to fix all one's thoughts on an object: mentem in aliqua re defigere (ambiguous) to form a conception, notion of a thing: notionem or rationem alicuius rei in animo informare or animo concipere (ambiguous) ideally, not really: cogitatione, non re (ambiguous) to have formed an ideal notion of a thing: comprehensam quandam animo speciem (alicuius rei) habere (ambiguous) to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re (ambiguous) in truth; really: re (vera), reapse (opp. specie) (ambiguous) to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut) (ambiguous) to be deterred from one's intention by something: a consilio deterreri aliqua re (ambiguous) to deliberate together (of a number of people): consilium habere (de aliqua re) (ambiguous) to deliberate, consider (of individuals): consultare or deliberare (de aliqua re) (ambiguous) to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare (ambiguous) after mature deliberation: re diligenter considerata, perpensa (ambiguous) what is the meaning of this: quid hoc rei est? (ambiguous) to no purpose; ineffectually: infecta re (Liv. 9. 32) (ambiguous) to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere (ambiguous) to remember a thing perfectly: memoriam alicuius rei tenere (ambiguous) to recall a thing to one's recollection: memoriam alicuius rei renovare, revocare (redintegrare) (ambiguous) to recall to mind a thing or person: memoriam alicuius rei repetere (ambiguous) to picture to oneself again: memoriam alicuius rei repraesentare (opp. memoriam alicuius rei deponere, abicere) (ambiguous) to retain the recollection of a thing: memoriam alicuius rei conservare, retinere (ambiguous) the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet (ambiguous) to win renown amongst posterity by some act: nomen suum posteritati aliqua re commendare, propagare, prodere (ambiguous) I forget something: oblivio alicuius rei me capit (ambiguous) to make a person forget a thing: aliquem in oblivionem alicuius rei adducere (pass. in oblivionem venire) (ambiguous) the recollection of a thing has been entirely lost: memoria alicuius rei excidit, abiit, abolevit (ambiguous) to be forgotten, pass into oblivion: memoria alicuius rei obscuratur, obliteratur, evanescit (ambiguous) to be forgotten, pass into oblivion: in oblivione iacēre (of persons) (ambiguous) to have had great experience in a thing: magnum usum in aliqua re habere (ambiguous) to acquire knowledge of a subject: scientiam alicuius rei consequi (ambiguous) to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari) (ambiguous) to make progress in a subject: in aliqua re progressus facere, proficere, progredi (ambiguous) to obtain a result in something: aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re (De Or. 1. 33. 152) (ambiguous) to have as authority for a thing: auctorem aliquem habere alicuius rei (ambiguous) to give advice, directions, about a matter: praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re (ambiguous) philosophy is neglected, at low ebb: philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...) (ambiguous) to teac: tradere (aliquid de aliqua re) (ambiguous) to make an obscure notion clear by means of definition: involutae rei notitiam definiendo aperire (Or. 33. 116) (ambiguous) to be closely connected with a thing: cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re (ambiguous) a proof of this is that..: argumento huic rei est, quod (ambiguous) to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re (ambiguous) to draw a conclusion from a thing: concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically: disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid) (ambiguous) to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re (ambiguous) all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt (ambiguous) to agree in fact but not in word: re concinere, verbis discrepare (ambiguous) a twofold tradition prevails on this subject: duplex est memoria de aliqua re (ambiguous) in everything nature defies imitation: in omni re vincit imitationem veritas (ambiguous) to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing): exponere aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17) (ambiguous) to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully: fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re (ambiguous) my zeal for a thing has led me too far: studio alicuius rei provectus sum (ambiguous) to go a long way back (in narrative): longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re) (ambiguous) to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1) (ambiguous) nominally; really: verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera (ambiguous) to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem) (ambiguous) we have no expression for that: huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum (ambiguous) to be used in speaking of a thing: in aliqua re dici (ambiguous) to be moved by a thing: aliqua re moveri, commoveri (ambiguous) to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to take pleasure in a thing: delectari aliqua re (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re (ambiguous) not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re (ambiguous) to be bowed down, prostrated by grief: aegritudine afflictum, debilitatum esse, iacēre (ambiguous) to be in great trouble, affliction: in sordibus luctuque iacēre (ambiguous) to feel sorrow about a thing: luctum percipere ex aliqua re (ambiguous) to be proud, arrogant by reason of something: inflatum, elatum esse aliqua re (ambiguous) to be in suspense, waiting for a thing: exspectatione alicuius rei pendēre (animi) (Leg. Agr. 2. 25. 66) (ambiguous) to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to long for a thing, yearn for it: desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse) (ambiguous) to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1) (ambiguous) to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere (ambiguous) to make some one believe a thing: fidem alicuius rei facere alicui (ambiguous) to believe in, trust in a thing: fidem tribuere, adiungere alicui rei (ambiguous) to put confidence in some one: confidere alicui (but aliqua re) (ambiguous) to have great confidence in a thing: fiduciam (alicuius rei) habere (ambiguous) to confirm, ratify, sanction something: fidem addere alicui rei (ambiguous) to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem) (ambiguous) to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. (ambiguous) to be suspected of a thing: suspicionem alicuius rei habere (ambiguous) a suspicion falls on some one: suspicio (alicuius rei) cadit in aliquem, pertinet ad aliquem (ambiguous) to have no presentiment of a thing: a suspicione alicuius rei abhorrere (ambiguous) to incur a person's hatred: invidiam colligere (aliqua re) (ambiguous) to glut one's hatred: odium explere aliqua re (Liv. 4. 32) (ambiguous) the revolting nature of an action: indignitas, atrocitas rei (Mur. 25. 51) (ambiguous) to revenge oneself for a thing: ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere (ambiguous) to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo or pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo (ambiguous) to be fired with desire of a thing: cupiditate alicuius rei accensum, inflammatum esse (ambiguous) to have an ardent longing for a thing: cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare (ambiguous) to be the slave of one's desires: cupiditatibus servire, pārēre (ambiguous) to be carried away by something: praecipitem ferri aliqua re (Verr. 5. 46. 121) (ambiguous) to feel hurt by something: offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur) (ambiguous) to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion: offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98) (ambiguous) to have the appearance of something: speciem alicuius rei habere (ambiguous) to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of..: speciem alicuius rei praebere (ambiguous) apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) under pretext, pretence of..: per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studio alicuius rei teneri (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re) (ambiguous) to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei (ambiguous) to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re (ambiguous) to show moderation in a matter: moderationem, modum adhibere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to come into the possession of something: in possessionem alicuius rei venire (ambiguous) to take forcible possession of a thing: in possessionem alicuius rei invadere (ambiguous) to give up a thing to some one else: possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui (Mil. 27. 75) (ambiguous) to earn a livelihood by something: victum aliqua re quaerere (ambiguous) to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re (ambiguous) the conversation turned on..: sermo incidit de aliqua re (ambiguous) the conversation began with..: sermo ortus est ab aliqua re (ambiguous) to converse, talk with a person on a subject: sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3) (ambiguous) to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) accustomed to a thing: assuefactus or assuetus aliqua re (ambiguous) to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se (ambiguous) to fix a price for a thing: pretium alicui rei statuere, constituere (Att. 13. 22) (ambiguous) to devote money to a purpose: pecuniam insumere in aliquid or consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to put money in an undertaking: pecuniam collocare in aliqua re (ambiguous) to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere (ambiguous) to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing: rationem alicuius rei inire, subducere (ambiguous) the accounts balance: ratio alicuius rei constat (convenit, par est) (ambiguous) to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei (ambiguous) to render count of a matter; to pass it for audit: rationem alicuius rei reddere (ambiguous) to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem alicuius rei reposcere aliquem or ab aliquo (ambiguous) to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104) (ambiguous) to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re (ambiguous) want of corn; scarcity in the corn-market: inopia (opp. copia) rei frumentariae (ambiguous) the constitution: forma rei publicae (ambiguous) at the time of a most satisfactory government: optima re publica (ambiguous) to have the management of the state: rei publicae praeesse (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: clavum rei publicae tenere (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: gubernacula rei publicae tractare (ambiguous) to hold the first position in the state: principem in re publica locum obtinere (ambiguous) to take part in politics: in re publica or in rebus publicis versari (ambiguous) to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse) (ambiguous) to retire from public life: a re publica recedere (ambiguous) to further the common weal: saluti rei publicae non deesse (ambiguous) for political reasons: rei publicae causa (Sest. 47. 101) (ambiguous) for the advantage of the state; in the interests of the state: e re publica (opp. contra rem p.) (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae) (ambiguous) the interests of the state: commoda publica or rei publicae rationes (ambiguous) to further the public interests: rei publicae rationibus or simply rei publicae consulere (ambiguous) to consider a thing from a political point of view: ad rei publicae rationes aliquid referre (ambiguous) to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: omnes curas in rei publicae salute defigere (Phil. 14. 5. 13) (ambiguous) to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre (ambiguous) to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica (ambiguous) to have the good of the state at heart: omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes (ambiguous) an experienced politician: homo in re publica exercitatus (ambiguous) to possess great political insight: plus in re publica videre (ambiguous) to foresee political events long before: longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40) (ambiguous) a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards..: alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut... (ambiguous) banished from public life: rei publicae muneribus orbatus (ambiguous) to strive to gain popular favour by certain means: ventum popularem quendam (in aliqua re) quaerere (ambiguous) to be politically annihilated: iacēre (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...) (ambiguous) a political ally: consiliorum in re publica socius (ambiguous) an independent spirit: a partibus rei publicae animus liber (Sall. Cat. 4. 2) (ambiguous) to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire (ambiguous) to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire (ambiguous) owing to political dissension: ex rei publicae dissensione (ambiguous) revolution: conversio rei publicae (Div. 2. 2. 6) (ambiguous) to betray the interests of the state: a re publica deficere (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere (ambiguous) to establish oneself as despot, tyrant by some means: tyrannidem sibi parere aliqua re (ambiguous) to appeal to the plebeian tribunes against a praetor's decision: appellare tribunos plebis (in aliqua re a praetore) (Liv. 2. 55) (ambiguous) to consult the senators on a matter: patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28) (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet? (ambiguous) to hold an inquiry into a matter: quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to examine a person, a matter: quaestionem habere de aliquo, de aliqua re or in aliquem (ambiguous) to catch a person, find him out: deprehendere aliquem (in aliqua re) (ambiguous) to cite a person to give evidence on a matter: aliquem testem alicuius rei (in aliquid) citare (ambiguous) to charge some one with a capital offence: accusare aliquem rei capitalis (rerum capitalium) (ambiguous) to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re) (ambiguous) some one is to blame in a matter; it is some one's fault: culpa alicuius rei est in aliquo (ambiguous) to bear the blame of a thing: culpam alicuius rei sustinere (ambiguous) to punish some one: ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re) (ambiguous) to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to suffer punishment: poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre (ambiguous) to be punished for a thing, expiate it: poenam luere (alicuius rei) (Sull. 27. 76) (ambiguous) to atone for something by..: luere aliquid aliqua re (De Sen. 20) (ambiguous) to look after the commissariat: rei frumentariae prospicere (B. G. 1. 23) (ambiguous) to possess great experience in military matters: magnum usum in re militari habere (Sest. 5. 12) (ambiguous) to have had no experience in war: rei militaris rudem esse (ambiguous) not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject: ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim (ambiguous) this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re (ambiguous) I have a few words to say on this: mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re (ambiguous) this shows, proves..: documento, indicio est (without demonstr. pron. but cui rei documento, indicio est)
* “res”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* res in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “res”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* DIZIONARIO LATINO, OLIVETTI

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English res.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɛ(j)s/ [ˈhɛ(ɪ̯)s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɛ(j)s/ [ˈhɛ(ɪ̯)s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɛ(j)ʃ/ [ˈχɛ(ɪ̯)ʃ]

### Noun

res f or (uncommon) m (invariable)
* (video games, Internet slang) res; Clipping of ressurreição.
** 2017 November 2, comment by Amido // NewsInside.org, “Overwatch recebe atualização que balanceia Mercy e Ana”, in IGN Brasil‎:Agora o rework está fazendo sentido, o res como habilidade funciona como habilidade e não como uma ultimate em forma de habilidade, com 70% mais lento pra dar o res em alguém ela pode ser pinada, levar stun, tem que ter oportunidade para ambos os lados.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2018 August 20, Aqua, “Vamos falar da Mercy 1.0?”, in Blizzard Forums‎:A atual vc apenas da Res atrás da parede, precisa ficar dividindo a cura para outras pessoas quando o outro healer morre, ou morre e ele troca pra DPS, ai vc e obrigado a pegar um suporte que aguente e se encaixe na comp.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2023 December 8, Nitrao, 19:05 from the start, in DANDO DICAS PARA DIAMANTE, player de SOUJORN - Coach do Nitrao‎, via YouTube:Isso serve não só pra status em si, mas, por exemplo: pra você ressucitar alguém de Mercy. Tem res que não vale a pena você ir. Tipo assim, não vale a pena, não agrega nada pro jogo. Tem res que agrega.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* ressar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈres/ [ˈres]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -es
* Syllabification: res

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Portuguese rês. From Latin rēs (“thing, property”). The etymology Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”, also of cattle) is no longer considered valid. While the latter is a perfect semantic match, the front vowel of the Romance form speaks against an Arabic origin because dialects generally maintain a back -a- in this word (compare Maltese ras, not *ries). For the sense evolution in the former derivation, compare English cattle.

#### Noun

res f (plural reses)
* head of quadrupedal cattle or game
* (Latin America) bovine animal
    Synonym: bovino

##### Derived terms

* carne de res
* pancita de res
* res de vientre
* resero

### Etymology 2

Plural of re.

#### Noun

res m pl
* plural of re

### Further reading

* “res”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Verb

res
* imperative of resa

### Anagrams

* ers, ser

## Wolof
### Noun

res (definite form res wi)
* liver