OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natália
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Nathália, Natalia, Nathalia

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Natalia, from nātālis (“natal”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /naˈta.li.ɐ/ [naˈta.lɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /naˈta.ljɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /naˈta.li.ɐ/ [naˈta.lɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /naˈta.ljɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /naˈta.li.a/ [naˈta.lɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /naˈta.lja/
* (Portugal) IPA: /nɐˈta.ljɐ/

### Proper noun

Natália f
* a female given name, equivalent to English Natalie or Nathalie
    Synonyms: Nat, (pet forms) Nati

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnataːlia/

### Proper noun

Natália f (genitive singular Natálie, nominative plural Natálie, declension pattern of ulica)
* a female given name

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Natália”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# గిన్నియ
## Telugu
### Noun

గిన్నియ • (ginniya) ? (plural గిన్నియలు)
* a cup or goblet

#### Synonyms

* గిన్నె (ginne)

### References

* "గిన్నె" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 367
# విష్ణుచక్రము
## Telugu
### Etymology

From Sanskrit विष्णु (viṣṇu) + Telugu చక్రము (cakramu).

### Noun

విష్ణుచక్రము • (viṣṇucakramu) ? (plural విష్ణుచక్రములు)
* a discus wheel of Lord Vishnu
* a kind of fireworks held in hand and that rotates with fire

### References

విష్ణుచక్రము at Telugu On-line Dictionaries Project on Andhra Bharati, partially sponsored by the Telugu Association of North America (in Telugu)
# օրհներգ
## Armenian
### Etymology

օրհնել (ōrhnel) +‎ երգ (erg)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /oɾhˈneɾkʰ/, [oɾhnéɾkʰ]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /oɾtʰˈneɾkʰ/, [oɾtʰnéɾkʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /oɾhˈneɾk/, [oɾhnéɾkʰ]
** (Western Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /oɾtˈneɾk/, [oɾtʰnéɾkʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

օրհներգ • (ōrhnerg)
* anthem, hymn
    ազգային օրհներգ ― azgayin ōrhnerg ― national anthem
# 鹽湖市
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鹽 | 湖 | 市 |
| えん Hyōgai | こ Grade: 3 | し Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||
Kanji in this term :
| 鹽 | 湖 | 市 |
| そーと Hyōgai | れーき Grade: 3 | し Grade: 2 |
| irregular | irregular | on'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 鹽湖市 – see the following entry. :
| 【塩湖市えんこし】 | [proper noun] (obsolete) Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States) |
| 【塩湖市ソートレーキし】 | [proper noun] Obsolete spelling of ソートレーキ市 (“Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)”). |
(This term, 鹽湖市, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# πάσσω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πάττω (páttō) — Attic

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kweh₁t- (“to shake”). Cognate with Latin quatiō (“to shake”), Proto-Celtic *kʷātis (“chaff, husks”) (whence Old Irish cáith), and possibly Proto-Tocharian *kät- (“to strew”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pás.sɔː/ → /ˈpas.so/ → /ˈpa.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pás.sɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpas.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpas.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpas.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpa.so/

### Verb

πάσσω • (pássō)
* to sprinkle
    Synonyms: πᾰλῠ́νω (pălŭ́nō), ῥαίνω (rhaínō), ῥᾰντῐ́ζω (rhăntĭ́zō)

#### Derived terms

* ἐπιπάσσω (epipássō)

#### Related terms

* παστός (pastós)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1155-6

### Further reading

* “πάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πάσσω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# సౌచికుడు
## Telugu
### Noun

సౌచికుడు • (saucikuḍu) ? (plural సౌచికులు)
* a tailor

#### Synonyms

* దర్జీ (darjī)

### References

* "సౌచికుడు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1362
# nestudētās
## Latvian
### Participle

nestudētās
* locative plural feminine of nestudēts

### Participle

nestudētās
* inflection of nestudētais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# Zeshan
## English
### Etymology

From Arabic زِشَان (zišān).

### Proper noun

Zeshan
* A male given name from Arabic, variant of Zeeshan or Zishan.

### Anagrams

* hazens, sazhen
# గిరిమల్లిక
## Telugu
### Etymology

From గిరి (giri) +‎ మల్లిక (mallika).

### Noun

గిరిమల్లిక • (girimallika) ? (plural గిరిమల్లికలు)
* the hill jasmine

#### Synonyms

* కొండమల్లె (koṇḍamalle)
# విష్ణు
## Telugu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विष्णु (viṣṇu, “Vishnu”).

### Proper noun

విష్ణు • (viṣṇu) ?
* Vishnu
* a male given name from Sanskrit
# քրոջ
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰəˈɾot͡ʃʰ/, [kʰəɾót͡ʃʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kəˈɾot͡ʃ/, [kʰəɾót͡ʃʰ]

### Noun

քրոջ • (kʻroǰ)
* dative singular of քույր (kʻuyr)
# kin'yū shijō
## Japanese
### Romanization

kin'yū shijō
* Rōmaji transcription of きんゆうしじょう
# 白菜仔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-chhài-á
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-chhài-á
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍h-tshài-á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peqzhayar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

### Noun

白菜仔
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小白菜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 小白菜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 小白菜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 小白菜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 小白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 小白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 小白菜, 青菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 小白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 白菜秧兒, 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 小白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 青菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 白菜 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 白菜仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 小白菜 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 小白菜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 白菜仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白菜囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 白菜囝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 白菜仔 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 青菜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 小白菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 青菜, 小青菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小青菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 青菜 |
# సౌధము
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* సౌధం (saudhaṁ)
* సౌధంబు (saudhambu) — poetic, archaic

### Etymology

From Sanskrit सौध (saudha) +‎ -ము (-mu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saud̪ʱamu/, [sawd̪ʱamu]

### Noun

సౌధము • (saudhamu) n (plural సౌధములు)
* a mansion, palace
    Synonym: మేడ (mēḍa)

#### Derived terms

* ఆకాశసౌధము (ākāśasaudhamu, “skyscraper”)

### References

* "సౌధము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1362
# nestumjošos
## Latvian
### Participle

nestumjošos
* locative plural masculine of nestumjošs

### Participle

nestumjošos
* accusative plural masculine of nestumjošais
# Harm
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦɑrm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Harm
* Rhymes: -ɑrm

### Proper noun

Harm m
* a diminutive of the male given name Herman, from Low German, meaning “army man”

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German harm, from Old High German harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /haʁm/
* Hyphenation: Harm
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Harm m (strong, genitive Harmes or Harms, no plural)
* (dated) harm

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Further reading

* “Harm” in Duden online
# గిల్లుడు
## Telugu
### Etymology

From గిల్లు (gillu) +‎ -డు (-ḍu).

### Noun

గిల్లుడు • (gilluḍu) ? (plural గిల్లులు)
* pinching

### References

* "గిల్లు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 369
# విష్వక్సేనుడు
## Telugu
### Proper noun

విష్వక్సేనుడు • (viṣvaksēnuḍu) ?
* (Hinduism) a name of Vishnu;
* the commander or general of Vishnu
# ատամնաբույժ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ատամնաբոյժ (atamnaboyž) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

ատամ (atam) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ բուժել (bužel)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑtɑmnɑˈbujʒ/, [ɑtɑmnɑbújʒ]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /ɑtɑmnɑˈbuʒ/, [ɑtɑmnɑbúʒ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑdɑmnɑˈpujʒ/, [ɑdɑmnɑpʰújʒ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ատամնաբույժ • (atamnabuyž)
* dentist
# eisei toshi
## Japanese
### Romanization

eisei toshi
* Rōmaji transcription of えいせいとし
# musk
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English muske, borrowed from Old French musc, from Late Latin muscus, from Ancient Greek μόσχος (móskhos), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mwšk' /⁠mušk⁠/) whence Persian مشک (mošk). Ultimately from Sanskrit मुष्क (muṣka, “testicle”), the shape of the gland of animals secreting the substance being compared to human testicles, a diminutive of मूष् (mūṣ, “mouse”), the shape of human testicles being compared to mice, from Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s (“mouse”). Cognate with mouse.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /mʌsk/
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /mɐsk/
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (Northern England) IPA: /mʊsk/
* Rhymes: -ʌsk
* Homophone: MuSK

### Noun

musk (countable and uncountable, plural musks)
* A greasy secretion with a powerful odour, produced in a glandular sac of the male musk deer and used in the manufacture of perfumes.
** 1607, [attributed to Thomas Tomkis], Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie., London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, act IV, scene iii:Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.
* A similar secretion produced by the otter and the civet.
* A synthetic organic compound used as a substitute for the above.
* The odour of musk.
* A musk deer (genus Moschus).
* A muskflower (Erythranthe moschata).
* A plant of the genus Erodium (Erodium moschatum); the musky heronsbill.
* A plant of the genus Muscari; grape hyacinth.
* (slang, colloquial, vulgar) The scent of human genitalia when aroused or unwashed.
    I was so excited I could smell my own musk.

#### Derived terms

* cyclic musk
* loggerhead musk turtle
* muscone
* musk beetle
* musk cat
* musk cavy
* musk duck
* musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)
* musk melon
* musk oil
* musk okra (Abelmoschus moschatus)
* musk orchid
* musk ox
* musk pear
* musk plum
* musk rose
* musk seed
* musk shrew (Suncus murinus)
* musk stick
* musk thistle
* musk turtle
* musk xylene
* musky
* nitro musk
* nitromusk, nito musk
* white musk
* xylene musk

#### Related terms

* mouse
* muscat
* muscle
* nutmeg

#### Descendants

* → Irish: musc
* → Welsh: mwsg

#### Translations
### Verb

musk (third-person singular simple present musks, present participle musking, simple past and past participle musked)
* (transitive) To perfume with musk.

### Anagrams

* skum

## Middle English
### Noun

musk
* Alternative form of muske
# సౌమ్య
## Telugu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सौम्य (saumya).

### Proper noun

సౌమ్య • (saumya) ?
* the name of a Telugu year

### See also

* (Hindu Jovian years) తెలుగు సంవత్సరాలు (telugu saṁvatsarālu); ప్రభవ (prabhava), విభవ (vibhava), శుక్ల (śukla), ప్రమోదూత (pramōdūta), ప్రజోత్పత్తి (prajōtpatti) అంగీరస (aṅgīrasa), శ్రీముఖ (śrīmukha), భావ (bhāva), యువ (yuva), ధాత (dhāta), ఈశ్వర (īśvara), బహుధాన్య (bahudhānya), ప్రమాది (pramādi), విక్రమ (vikrama), వృష (vr̥ṣa), చిత్రభాను (citrabhānu), స్వభాను (svabhānu), తారణ (tāraṇa), పార్థివ (pārthiva), వ్యయ (vyaya), సర్వజిత్తు (sarvajittu), సర్వధారి (sarvadhāri), విరోధి (virōdhi), వికృతి (vikr̥ti), ఖర (khara), నందన (nandana), విజయ (vijaya), జయ (jaya), మన్మథ (manmatha), దుర్ముఖి (durmukhi), హేమలంబ (hēmalamba) / హేవిళంబి (hēviḷambi), విళంబి (viḷambi), వికారి (vikāri), శార్వరి (śārvari), ప్లవ (plava), శుభకృతు (śubhakr̥tu), శోభకృతు (śōbhakr̥tu), క్రోధి (krōdhi), విశ్వావసు (viśvāvasu), పరాభవ (parābhava), ప్లవంగ (plavaṅga), కీలక (kīlaka), సౌమ్య (saumya), సాధారణ (sādhāraṇa), విరోధికృతు (virōdhikr̥tu), పరీధావి (parīdhāvi), ప్రమాదీచ (pramādīca), ఆనంద (ānanda), రాక్షస (rākṣasa), నల (nala), పింగళ (piṅgaḷa), కాళయుక్తి (kāḷayukti), సిద్ధార్థి (siddhārthi), రౌద్రి (raudri), దుర్మతి (durmati), దుందుభి (dundubhi), రుధిరోద్గారి (rudhirōdgāri), రక్తాక్షి (raktākṣi), క్రోధన (krōdhana), అక్షయ (akṣaya)

### References

* "సౌమ్య" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1369
# nestumjošā
## Latvian
### Participle

nestumjošā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of nestumjošs

### Participle

nestumjošā
* inflection of nestumjošais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# آرشام
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* آرسام (ârsâm)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶 (a-r-š-a-m /⁠R̥šāmaʰ⁠/)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔɑːɾ.ˈʃɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːɾ.ʃɑ́ːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːɾ.ʃɑ́ːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑːɾ.ʃɑ́ːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔːɾ.ʃɔ́ːm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒːɹ.ʃɒ́ːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔɔɾ.ʃɔ́m]

### Proper noun

آرشام • (âršâm)
* Arsames (son of Ariaramnes and the grandfather of Darius)
* a male given name, Arsham
# గీము
## Telugu
### Noun

గీము • (gīmu) ? (plural గీములు)
* a chamber, a house or home
    Synonyms: గృహము (gr̥hamu), ఇల్లు (illu)

### References

గీము at Telugu On-line Dictionaries Project on Andhra Bharati, partially sponsored by the Telugu Association of North America (in Telugu)
# విస్తారముగా
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

విస్తారంగా (vistāraṅgā)

### Etymology

From విస్తారము (vistāramu) +‎ -గా (-gā).

### Adverb

విస్తారముగా • (vistāramugā)
* vastly
# えいせいとし
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of えいせいとし – see the following entry. :
| 【衛星都市】 | [noun] a satellite town |
(This term, えいせいとし (eiseitoshi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# cusk
## English
### Etymology

Early 17th century; of unknown origin. Probably an alteration of torsk or tusk, a codlike fish, from Norwegian tosk, torsk; Old Norse thorskr, codfish.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /kʌsk/
* (Northern England) IPA: /kʊsk/
* Rhymes: -ʌsk

### Noun

cusk (plural cusks)
* A marine cod-like fish in the ling family Lotidae, Brosme brosme.
    Synonyms: moonfish, torsk, tusk
** 1999, Lucy Honig, The Truly Needy And Other Stories, University of Pittsburgh Press, →ISBN, page 89:He suggested cusk, because he knew they would have it. She had never heard of cusk. “Doesn't it sound exotic!” she said. “Exotic indeed!” he laughed, and almost told her what a humdrum fish it really was, but stopped himself.

#### Synonyms

* (cod-like fish): brismak, brosmius

#### Derived terms

* cusk-eel

#### Translations
### Further reading

* cusk (fish) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* suck
# సౌర-
## Telugu
### Etymology

Prefix form of the adjective సౌర (saura, “solar, of the sun”).

### Prefix

సౌర- • (saura-)
* a prefix used to denote solar origin
# nestāvošās
## Latvian
### Participle

nestāvošās
* locative plural feminine of nestāvošs

### Participle

nestāvošās
* inflection of nestāvošais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# Βέρα
## Greek
### Proper noun

Βέρα • (Véra) f
* a female given name, Vera
# గీర
## Telugu
### Noun

గీర • (gīra) ? (plural గీరలు)
* a line

#### Synonyms

* గీత (gīta)

### References

* "గీర" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 370
# వీపుచూపు
## Telugu
### Etymology

* వీపు (vīpu, “back”) +‎ చూపు (cūpu, “show”)

### Verb

వీపుచూపు • (vīpucūpu)
* to show one's back, to flee

#### Synonyms

* పారిపోవు (pāripōvu)

### References

* "వీపు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 1201
# atrophy
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French atrophie, from Latin atrophia, from Ancient Greek ἀτροφία (atrophía, “a wasting away”), from ἄτροφος (átrophos, “ill-fed, un-nourished”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “I fatten”). Equivalent to a- +‎ -trophy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæt.ɹə.fi/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

atrophy (countable and uncountable, plural atrophies)
* (pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use. [from early 17th c.]

#### Derived terms

* atrogene
* atrophic
* atrophin
* dermatrophy
* encephalatrophy
* fibroatrophy
* hemiatrophy
* lipoatrophy
* panatrophy
* pseudoatrophy
* scleroatrophy
* spinal muscular atrophy
* yellow atrophy

#### Translations
### Verb

atrophy (third-person singular simple present atrophies, present participle atrophying, simple past and past participle atrophied)
* (intransitive) To wither or waste away. [from early 18th c.]
** 1987 June 13, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes (comic):Boy. I love summer vacation. I can feel my brain beginning to atrophy already.
** 2013 October 13, Ellen Barry, “The Russia Left Behind: A journey through a heartland on the slow road to ruin”, in The New York Times‎:The M10 highway looks normal enough at the southern limits of St. Petersburg, but then, with a jolt, it begins to atrophy. For the next 430 miles the surface of the highway, while paved, varies from corduroy to jaw-rattling patchwork.
* (transitive) To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.
** 2001, Tool (lyrics and music), “Schism”:Cold silence has a tendency to atrophy any sense of compassion

#### Antonyms

* hypertrophy
* strengthen

#### Translations
### See also

* -trophy
* hypotrophy
* decondition

### Further reading

* atrophy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# バチカンしこく
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of バチカンしこく – see the following entry. :
| 【バチカン市国】 | [proper noun] Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy) |
(This term, バチカンしこく (bachikanshikoku), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# jugular
## English
### Alternative forms

* jugulary (obsolete)

### Etymology

Late 16th century borrowing from Late Latin jugulāris, from jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”) +‎ -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to jugulum +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jʊl.ə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/, /ˈd͡ʒu.ɡjəl.ɚ/, /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.əl.ɚ/, /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.lɚ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌɡjʊlə(ɹ), -uːɡjʊlə(ɹ), -ʌɡələ(ɹ)

### Adjective

jugular (not comparable)
* (anatomy, relational) Relating to, or located near, the neck or throat.
** (relational) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein.
* (zootomy, of fish) Having ventral fins attached under the throat.
* (humorous, relational) Relating to juggling.

#### Derived terms

* abdominojugular
* hepatojugular
* intrajugular
* jugular foramen
* jugular notch
* jugular trunk
* jugular vein
* jugular venous pressure
* jugulo-
* transjugular

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

jugular (plural jugulars) (rarely in the plural)
* (anatomy) Ellipsis of jugular vein.
* (by extension) Any critical vulnerability.
    It was vicious; he went for the jugular.
** 2001, Joyce Carol Oates, Middle Age: A Romance, paperback edition, Fourth Estate, page 83:One of Lionel's old Salthill friends with whom he exchanged perhaps a dozen words a year, and with whom he sometimes played squash, and tennis, both men killers on the court, seeking the jugular […] .

#### Derived terms

* go for the jugular

#### Translations
### References

* “jugular”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “jugular”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin or Scientific Latin iugularis, jugularis, from Latin iugulum.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaʁ/ [ʒu.ɡuˈlah]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaʁ/ [ʒu.ɡuˈlah]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaʁ/ [ʒu.ɡuˈlaχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaɾ/ [ʒu.ɣuˈlaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlaɾ/ [ʒu.ɣuˈlaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈla.ɾi/ [ʒu.ɣuˈla.ɾi]

### Adjective

jugular m or f (plural jugulares)
* jugular (relating to the neck or throat)

### Noun

jugular f (plural jugulares)
* jugular vein

#### Related terms

* jugo

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French jugulaire, Medieval Latin or Scientific Latin iugularis, jugularis, from Latin iugulum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒu.ɡuˈlar/

### Adjective

jugular m or n (feminine singular jugulară, masculine plural jugulari, feminine and neuter plural jugulare)
* jugular; pertaining to the neck or throat

#### Related terms

* venă jugulară
* junghia
# సౌరజపము
## Telugu
### Etymology

From సౌర- (saura-) +‎ జపము (japamu).

### Noun

సౌరజపము • (saurajapamu) ? (plural సౌరజపములు)
* worship of the Sun; heliolatry
# nestūmušos
## Latvian
### Participle

nestūmušos
* locative plural masculine of nestūmis

### Participle

nestūmušos
* accusative plural masculine of nestūmušais
# سهراب
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [suh.ˈɾɑːβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sʊ.ɾɑ́ːb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [su.ɾɔ́ːb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [soɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɵh.ɾɔ́b]

### Proper noun

سهراب • (sohrâb)
* (Iranian mythology) Sohrab
* a male given name, Sohrab or Suhrab

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: Զոհրաբ (Zohrab)
* → Georgian: ზურაბი (zurabi), ზურაბ (zurab) — other widely used form, ზურიკო (zuriḳo) — pet form, ზურა (zura) — diminutive
** → Abkhaz: Жәраб (Ẑʷrab)
** → Armenian: Զուրաբ (Zurab)
# గుండా
## Telugu
### Preposition

గుండా • (guṇḍā)
* through, by, by means of

#### Synonyms

* ద్వారా (dvārā)

### References

* "గుండా" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 371
# వీరభద్రుండు
## Telugu
### Proper noun

వీరభద్రుండు • (vīrabhadruṇḍu) m
* (poetic, archaic) son and follower of Siva
    శివుని హుంకారంబున వీరభద్రుండు పుట్టుట.śivuni huṅkārambuna vīrabhadruṇḍu puṭṭuṭa.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* వీరభద్రుడు (vīrabhadruḍu)
# ձեռքսեղմում
## Armenian
### Etymology

From ձեռք սեղմել (jeṙkʻ seġmel, “to shake hands”) +‎ -ում (-um). Calque of Russian рукопожа́тие (rukopožátije).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /d͡zerkʰseʁˈmum/, [d͡zerkʰseʁmúm]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /d͡zerkʰseχˈmum/, [d͡zerkʰseχmúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡seɾkseʁˈmum/, [t͡sʰeɾkʰseʁmúm]
** (Western Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /t͡seɾkseχˈmum/, [t͡sʰeɾkʰseχmúm]

### Noun

ձեռքսեղմում • (jeṙkʻseġmum)
* handshake (grasping of hands by two people)

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# Hinada
## Japanese
### Romanization

Hinada
* Rōmaji transcription of ひなだ