# 畝

| 畝 | U+755D, &#30045; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-755D |
| ← 畜 [U+755C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 畞 → [U+755E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

畝 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田弓人 (YWNO), four-corner 0768$_0$, composition ⿰亩久)

#### Derived characters

* 𠺖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21815
* Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2538, character 3
* Unihan data for U+755D

## Chinese

* 畝

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 畝
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 畝 | *mɯʔ |
| 畞 | *mɯʔ |
Originally written as 畮, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯʔ): semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). The phonetic component 每 was later replaced with 又, now written as the new phonetic component 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). The component 十 was added above 田 in the Warring States period and was later corrupted into 亠 in clerical script.

### Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007).
Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mǔ (mu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mau$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): meu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): méu
    (Hailu, HRS): meu$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mêu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$meu; $^6$m
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^3$
*** Yale: mǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mong$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
*** Sinological IPA : /moŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mau$^5$
*** Yale: máuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐu̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: meu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbeu²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mū
*** Sinological IPA : /mu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
*** Tâi-lô: bóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu
*** Sinological IPA : /bou⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$meu; $^6$m
*** MiniDict: meu$^去$; m$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$meu; $^3$hhmm
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/, /m̩²³/
* 3meu - literary;
* 3hhmm - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit畝 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mu²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /mu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /mu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /mu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /mu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /mu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /mu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mv̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /mu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mu⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /məu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /moŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /moŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /mu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /mu²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /mʊ²⁴/ /məŋ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mu⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /mu⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mu⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /mɤ²³/ /m̩²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /mɤ³¹/ /m³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /mu⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /mɜ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɔ³⁵/ /m̩³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /mo³¹/ /miu³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /məu⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /məɯ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɛu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /meu⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /meu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐu²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mɐu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /mɐu¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bɔ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mu³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /me²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /bou⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /mɔu²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: muwX
Rime :
| Character | 畝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫厚切 |
| Baxter | muwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /məu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /məu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /məu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /məu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 畝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ muw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*məʔ/ (< *mˁoʔ ?) |
| English | Chinese acre |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 畝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9322 |
| Phonetic component | 畝 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 母 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 畞隸變通用，廣韻右久原作又 |

### Definitions

畝
* mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 m² in Mainland China)
* (Classical) cropland
    From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
    Huò wèn: “Wéi zhèng yǒu jī?” Yuē: “Sī yì.” […] Huò wèn: “Hé sī? Hé yì?” Yuē: “Lǎo rén lǎo, gū rén gū, bìngzhě yǎng, sǐzhě zàng, nánzǐ mǔ, fùrén sāng, zhī wèi sī. Ruò wū rén lǎo, qū rén gū, bìngzhě dú, sǐzhě pò, tiánmǔ huāng, zhùzhóu kōng, zhī wèi yì.” [Pinyin]
    One asked, ‘As for doing politics, is there something vital?’ Yangzi said, ‘To wish for and to loathe.’ […] One asked, ‘What to wish for? What to loathe?’ Yangzi said, ‘Treat others’ elderly as elderly, treat others’ orphans as orphans; nourish the sick and bury the dead; let men tend their croplands and let women tend the mulberry trees. This is what [I] called “to wish for”. If disrespect others’ elderly, distress others’ orphan, the sick gets alone and the dead gets [their bodies] exposed; croplands get deserted and looms get empty. This is what [I] called “to loathe”.’

### Compounds

* 一畝之宮 / 一亩之宫
* 公畝 / 公亩 (gōngmǔ)
* 十畝之間 / 十亩之间
* 南畝 / 南亩 (nánmǔ)
* 地畝 / 地亩
* 壟畝之臣 / 垄亩之臣
* 市畝 / 市亩
* 畎畝 / 畎亩
* 畎畝下才 / 畎亩下才
* 畎畝之中 / 畎亩之中
* 畝丘 / 亩丘
* 畝把二畝 / 亩把二亩
* 畝把兩畝 / 亩把两亩
* 畝鍾 / 亩钟
* 英畝 / 英亩 (yīngmǔ)
* 隴畝 / 陇亩 (lǒngmǔ)

### Further reading

* Chinese units of measurement on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu)、も (mo)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
* Kun: うね (une, 畝, Jōyō)、せ (se, 畝)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 畝
* うね Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry. :
| 【うね】 | [noun] a raised ridge of earth in a field [noun] rib Alternative spelling 畦 |
(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 畝
* せ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry. :
| 【せ】 | [noun] se (Japanese unit of area) |
(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 畝
* ほ Grade: S
* kan'yōon

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほ [hóꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ho̞]

#### Noun

畝(ほ) • (ho)
* mu (Chinese unit of surface area)

##### Usage notes

Different from the Japanese 畝 (se, “se”).

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 畝 (MC muwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 畒/모〯 (mwǒ) (Yale: mwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu)) 畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo))
* hanja form of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

畝: Hán Nôm readings: mẩu, mẫu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.