# 監獄
## Chinese

* 監獄 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 監獄 (Cantonese)
* kaⁿ-ga̍k (Southern Min)
* 监狱 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānyù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam$^1$ juk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâm-ngiu̍k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kaⁿ-ga̍k / ka-ga̍k / kàm-ga̍k / kam-ga̍k
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ke-gnioq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānyù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jianyù
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$-yü$^4$
*** Yale: jyān-yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianyuh
*** Palladius: цзяньюй (czjanʹjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaam$^1$ juk$^6$
*** Yale: gāam yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaam$^1$ juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gam$^1$ yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːm⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm-ngiu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˊ$ ngiug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^1$ ngiug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ-ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kann-ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kva'gak
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³ ɡak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ka-ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ka'gak
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm-ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kàm-ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karmgak
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam-ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kam-ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kamgak
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ke-gnioq
*** MiniDict: ke$^平$ nyoh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ke-nyioq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵⁵ n̠ʲioʔ²¹/

### Noun

監獄
* prison; jail (Classifier: 座 m c; 間／间 c)
       Tā qù jiānyù kànwàng tā bàba. [Pinyin]
       He visited his dad in prison.

#### Synonyms

* 囹圄 (língyǔ) (literary)
* 大牢 (dàláo) (archaic)
* 清室 (qīngshì) (archaic)
* 牢 (láo)
* 牢房 (láofáng)
* 牢獄 / 牢狱 (láoyù)
* 班房 (bānfáng) (colloquial)
* 監房 / 监房 (jiānfáng)
* 監牢 / 监牢 (jiānláo)
* 鐵屋 / 铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 監獄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 監獄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 監獄, 笆籬子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 牢, 班房, 笆籬子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 監牢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 監獄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 監獄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 監獄, 班房兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 監獄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 監獄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 監獄, 監牢獄, 監 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 監牢獄, 監獄 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 監牢獄 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 監, 牢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 監獄, 監, 牢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 監獄, 監, 牢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 牢, 班房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 班房子, 獄監 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 監獄, 牢, 班房 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 監獄, 班房子, 班房 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 牢, 班房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 監獄, 牢, 班房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 監獄, 班房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 監獄, 牢, 班房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 監獄, 牢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 監獄, 牢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 牢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 牢監, 牢, 班房 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 監牢, 牢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 監獄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 監倉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 監獄, 監倉, 祠堂 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牢監, 班房 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 班房 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 監房 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 班房 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 監獄仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 監獄 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 監獄 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 監牢 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 監牢, 牢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 牢, 班房 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房 |
| Jin | Linhe | 監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子 |
| Jin | Jining | 班房 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 監獄, 牢 |
| Jin | Handan | 監獄, 房子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 班房 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 監牢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 監獄, 監牢 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 監獄, 監牢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 監獄 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 監獄, 櫳仔內 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 監獄 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 監獄, 櫳仔內 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 監獄, 櫳仔內 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 跤跔, 跤跔間 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 監牢, 釘鏈間 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 跤跔, 監獄 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 監獄 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 釘鏈間, 監牢 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 監倉 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 監牢, 牢監 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 監牢 |
| Wu | Danyang | 監牢 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 牢監 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 牢監, 監牢 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 牢監, 班房 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 監牢 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 班房, 籠子 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Derived terms

* 蹲監獄 / 蹲监狱 (dūn jiānyù)
* 軍事監獄 / 军事监狱 (jūnshì jiānyù)
* 黑監獄 / 黑监狱 (hēijiānyù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 監獄(かんごく) (kangoku)
* → Korean: 감옥(監獄) (gamok)
* → Vietnamese: giam ngục (監獄)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 監 | 獄 |
| かん Grade: S | ごく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんごく [kàńgókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ŋɡo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

監(かん)獄(ごく) • (kangoku)
* prison

#### Synonyms

* 牢(ろう)屋(や) (rōya), 牢(ろう) (rō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 監 | 獄 |

### Noun

監獄 • (gamok) (hangeul 감옥)
* hanja form of 감옥 (“jail”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 監 | 獄 |
| Grade: S | Grade: S |

### Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんぐく. Borrowed from Japanese 監獄 (kangoku, “prison”).
Not used in actual Okinawan; see synonyms for the actual used words.

### Noun

監獄(かんぐく) (kanguku)
* (hapax, ghost word, obsolete) prison
    Synonyms: 牢 (rū), 牢屋 (rūya)

### References

* ↑ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 28

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 監 | 獄 |

### Noun

監獄
* chữ Hán form of giám ngục (“warden”).