# brun
## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʁuːˀn/, [b̥ʁuˀn], [b̥ʁo̝ˀn], [pʁuˀn], [pʁo̝ˀn]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse brúnn.

#### Adjective

brun
* brown (color/colour)
* (as a noun) brown (color/colour)

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

##### Derived terms

* brune
* brunlig

##### See also

Colors in Danish · farver (layout · text) :
| hvid | grå | sort |
| rød; højrød | orange; brun | gul; flødefarvet |
| lime | grøn | |
| cyan; turkis | azurblå | blå |
| violet; indigo | magenta; lilla | lyserød |

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

brun
* imperative of brune

### References

* “brun” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch Low Saxon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɾuːn/

### Adjective

brun
* Alternative spelling of bruun

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French brun (“polished, shiny, brown”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʁœ̃/
* (Paris, Northern France) IPA: /bʁɛ̃/
* (Quebec) IPA: /bʁœ̃˞/
* Audio (France):(file)
* Audio (Belgium):(file)
* Audio (Quebec):(file)
* Rhymes: -œ̃
* Homophone: brin (some speakers)

### Adjective

brun (feminine brune, masculine plural bruns, feminine plural brunes)
* brown (color/colour)

#### Usage notes

* In France, this is usually for hair, using marron for other uses.

#### Derived terms

* bière brune
* canard brun
* chemise brune
* lièvre brun
* naine brune
* sauce brune

#### Descendants

* → Breton: brun
* Louisiana Creole: brun
* → Romanian: brun

### Noun

brun m (plural bruns, feminine brune)
* brown (color/colour)
* brown-haired person

#### See also

* châtain
* marron

### See also

Colors in French · couleurs (layout · text) :
| blanc | gris | noir |
| rouge; cramoisi, carmin | orange; brun, marron | jaune; crème |
| lime | vert | menthe |
| cyan, turquoise; bleu canard | azur, bleu ciel | bleu |
| violet, lilas; indigo | magenta; pourpre | rose |

### Further reading

* “brun”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese brũu (14th century), from Old French brun (“polished, shiny, brown”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɾuŋ]

### Adjective

brun (feminine bruna, masculine plural bruns, feminine plural brunas)
* (archaic, of hair) brown
** 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:Rey Calrros auia os cabelos brũus et a façe uermella, et avia o corpo moy bẽ feicto et de boo estado, et a catadura brauaKing Charles had brown hair and a reddish face, and his body was very well formed and in good shape, and his aspect was fierce

#### Related terms

* bruneta
* bruño

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “bruno”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “bruu”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “bru_u”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “bru” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “brun”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## German Low German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɾuːn/

### Adjective

brun
* Alternative spelling of bruun

## Icelandic
### Etymology

See the verb bruna (“to speed, rush”).

### Noun

brun n (genitive singular bruns, no plural)
* rush (the act of moving at high speed)
* (skiing) alpine skiing

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “brun” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Interlingua
### Adjective

brun
* brown (color/colour)

#### See also

Colors in Interlingua · colores (layout · text) :
| blanc, albe | gris | nigre |
| rubie | orange; brun | jalne; crema |
| verde lima | verde | verde mentha, acquamarine |
| cyano | azure | blau |
| violette; indigo | magenta; purpure | rosate |

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

Inherited from French brun (“brown”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɾœ̃/
* Rhymes: -œ̃

### Adjective

brun
* brown (color/colour)
    Synonym: maron

### See also

Colors in Louisiana Creole · koulær-yé (layout · text) :
| blan | gri | nwa, nwar |
| rouj | zoranj; brun, maron | jonn, jònn |
| | vè, vèr, vær, væt | vè fonsé |
| sèrsèl | | blé, ble |
| vyolé, vyolèt | lila | ròz, roz |

## Norman
### Alternative forms

* breun (Guernsey, Cotentin)

### Etymology

From Old French brun (“polished, shiny, brown”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Jersey):(file)

### Adjective

brun m
* (Jersey) brown (color/colour)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse brúnn.

### Adjective

brun (masculine and feminine brun, neuter brunt, definite singular and plural brune, comparative brunere, indefinite superlative brunest, definite superlative bruneste)
* brown (color/colour)

#### Derived terms

* brunbjørn
* brungul
* brunkull
* brunlig
* brunrotte
* gulbrun
* gyllenbrun
* kastanjebrun
* lysebrun
* mørkbrun, mørkebrun
* solbrun

### See also

Colors in Norwegian Bokmål · farger (layout · text) :
| hvit | grå | svart |
| rød; karmosin | oransje; brun | gul; kremfarge |
| limegrønn | grønn | |
| cyan | asur | blå |
| fiolett; indigo | magenta; lilla | rosa |

### References

* “brun” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* bron (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Old Norse brúnn.

### Adjective

brun (neuter brunt, definite singular and plural brune, comparative brunare, indefinite superlative brunast, definite superlative brunaste)
* brown (color/colour)

#### Derived terms

* brunbjørn
* brungul
* brunleg
* brunrotte
* gulbrun
* gyllenbrun
* kastanjebrun
* lysebrun
* mørkbrun, mørkebrun
* solbrun

### See also

Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk · fargar (layout · text) :
| kvit | grå | svart |
| raud | oransje; brun | gul |
| | grøn | |
| (turkis) | | blå |
| | rosa; lilla | rosa |

### References

* “brun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brūn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bruːn/

### Adjective

brūn
* brown (color/colour)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: broun, broyn, brown, brun, bruyn
** English: brown
*** Bislama: braon
*** Tok Pisin: braun
*** → Welsh: brown
*** → Tongan: palauni
** Geordie English: broon
** Scots: broon, broun

#### See also

Colors in Old English · dēage (layout · text) :
| hwīt | grǣġ | blæc, sweart |
| rēad; basu | ġeolurēad; brūn | ġeolu |
| | grēne | |
| | blāw | blāw |
| | purpuren | |

## Old French
### Etymology

From Late Latin brunus (attested in Isidore of Seville), from Frankish *brūn (“brown, dark, shiny”), from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾyn/

### Adjective

brun m (oblique and nominative feminine singular brune)
* brown (color/colour)

#### Descendants

* Middle French: brun
** French: brun
*** → Breton: brun
*** Louisiana Creole: brun
*** → Romanian: brun
* Norman: breun, brun (Jersey)
* → Galician: brun (archaic)

### Noun

brun oblique singular, m (oblique plural bruns, nominative singular bruns, nominative plural brun)
* brown-haired person

#### Declension
## Plautdietsch
### Etymology

From Middle Low German brûn, from Old Saxon brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.

### Adjective

brun
* brown (color/colour)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French brun.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brun/

### Adjective

brun m or n (feminine singular brună, masculine plural bruni, feminine and neuter plural brune)
* brown (color/colour)
* brown- or dark-haired

#### Declension
### See also

Colors in Romanian · culori (layout · text) :
| alb | gri | negru |
| roșu; carmin | portocaliu; maro | galben; crem |
| | verde | verde mentă |
| cyan | bleu | albastru |
| violet; indigo | mov; purpură | roz |

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish brūn, from Old Norse brúnn. The political sense is originally a reference to the brown uniforms worn by members of the Sturmabteilung, a paramilitary organization in Nazi Germany.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /¹brʉːn/, [¹brʉ̟ːn̪]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉːn

### Adjective

brun (comparative brunare, superlative brunast)
* brown (color/colour)
* (politics, usually derogatory, relational) of fascism or right-wing nationalism
    ett brunt parti ― a fascist party (literally, “a brown party”)
** 2010, Lars Ulwencreutz, Redaktör'n har ordet‎, Ulwencreutz Media, →ISBN, page 186:Bondeförbundet (Centerpartiet) var en gång ett mycket "brunt parti", bruna sympatier fanns även hos gamla Högerpartiet (Moderaterna). Kristen Demokratisk Samling (Kristdemokraterna) grundades till och med av gamla nationalsocialister.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2011, Mattias Gardell, Islamofobi [Islamophobia]‎, Leopard förlag, →ISBN, page 254:De bruna valframgångarna är en indikator på hur det politiska spektrumet i sig har vridits mot en kulturisering av politiken där politiker utger sig för att slå vakt om västerländska, Europeiska och nationella värden mot det föreställda hotet från islam och muslimer[...](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2021 December 2, P-A Hultman, “Hur bruna är Sverigedemokraterna?”, in Strömstads Tidning‎:Detta visar att nazismen och SD har samma tankar och idéer. Det finns således bevis för att ”brunt parti” stämmer väl överens med kända fakta om SD.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2023 January 27, “C måste göra upp med sitt bruna förflutna”, in Eskilstuna-Kuriren‎:Under första halvan av 1900-talet hade Bondeförbundet, 1957 namnändrat till Centerpartiet (C), en mycket brun politik. Kanske var den brunare än den hos (S), men om detta vet vi inte då många dokument fortfarande är hemligstämplade?(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* bajsbrun
* blåbrun
* brunbjörn
* brunbränd
* brunbränna
* brunhirs
* brunhårig
* brunsmeta
* brunsten
* chokladbrun

#### Descendants

* → Elfdalian: brun
* → Estonian: pruun

### See also

* brunt (noun)
Colors in Swedish · färger (layout · text) :
| vit | grå | svart |
| röd; karmosin, karmosinröd | orange; brun | gul; beige |
| limegrön | grön | |
| cyan (rare) turkos (common); teal | azur | blå |
| lila; indigo | magenta; purpur | rosa (common), skär (uncommon) |

### References

* brun in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* brun in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* brun in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Further reading

* Karlsson, Ola (2021 October 20) “Vad betyder brun och blåbrun i politikens värld?”, in isof.se (in Swedish), Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore, retrieved 27 June 2023
* Politisk färg on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{sv}$