# सरस्वती
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सरस्वती (sarasvatī). Doublet of सरसई (sarsaī) and सरसूती (sarsūtī).

### Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA: /sə.ɾəs.ʋə.t̪iː/, [sɐ.ɾɐs.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

### Proper noun

सरस्वती • (sarasvatī) f (Urdu spelling سرسوتی)
* (Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and speech
* (geography) Sarasvati, a legendary river mentioned in the Rigveda

#### Synonyms

* सरसूती (sarsūtī)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সৰস্বতী (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬭᬲ᭄ᬯᬢᬷ (Balinese script)
* সরস্বতী (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰨𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰝𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀢𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* သရသွတီ (Burmese script)
* સરસ્વતી (Gujarati script)
* ਸਰਸ੍ਵਤੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌰𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌤𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦫꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂩𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂞𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ಸರಸ್ವತೀ (Kannada script)
* សរស្វតី (Khmer script)
* ສຣສ຺ວຕີ (Lao script)
* സരസ്വതീ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ᠣᠸᠠᢠᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘨𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘝𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠰᢦᢐᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧈𑧍𑧠𑧊𑦽𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐬𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐷 (Newa script)
* ସରସ୍ଵତୀ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢬꢱ꣄ꢮꢡꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆫𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆠𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖨𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖝𑖱 (Siddham script)
* සරස‍්වතී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩼𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩫𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚤𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚙𑚯 (Takri script)
* ஸரஸ்வதீ (Tamil script)
* సరస్వతీ (Telugu script)
* สรสฺวตี (Thai script)
* ས་ར་སྭ་ཏཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒩𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒞𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨫𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨙𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos. Equivalent to सरस् (sáras, “pond”) +‎ -वती (-vatī, “-ful”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxva$^i$tī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /⁠harauvati⁠/), the Helmand river system.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ́.ɾɐs.ʋɐ.tiː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪ɐ.ɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

### Proper noun

सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) stem, f
* (Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of eloquence and learning
* (history, geography) the Saraswati river, of which only a small stream remains as the Ghaggar River
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.95.1:प्र क्षोद॑सा॒ धाय॑सा सस्र ए॒षा सर॑स्वती ध॒रुण॒माय॑सी॒ पूः । प्र॒बाब॑धाना र॒थ्ये॑व याति॒ विश्वा॑ अ॒पो म॑हि॒ना सिन्धु॑र॒न्याः ॥prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharúṇamā́yasī pū́ḥ. prabā́badhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhuranyā́ḥ.This Sarasvatī, firm as a city made of metal, flows rapidly with all sustaining water, sweeping away in it might all other waters, as a charioteer clears the road.

#### Declension

* ¹Brāhmaṇas

### Noun

सरस्वती • (sárasvatī) stem, f
* any river
* speech or the power of speech, eloquence, learning wisdom
* a celestial or oracular voice
* cow
* excellent woman
* name of a region abounding in pools and lakes
* name of a well-known small river (held very sacred by the Hindus; identified with the modern Sursooty)
* name of various rivers (especially of rivers which in sacredness are equal to Saraswati and which are three according to Atharvaveda vi, 101, and seven according to Mahabharata ix, 2188)
* various plants, including
** Cardiospermum halicacabum
** Aegle marmelos
** Ruta graveolens
* name of a two-year-old girl representing दुर्गा (durgā) at her festival
* name of a poetess
* name of various other women
* name of one of the ten mendicant orders traced back to शंकराचार्य (śaṃkarācārya) (whose members add the word sarasvatī to their names)

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas

#### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀈 (sarassaī)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀤𑀻 (sarassadī)
** Hindi: सरसई (sarsaī)
** Urdu: سَرسائی (sarsā'ī)
* → Assamese: সৰস্বতী (xorossoti)
* → Bengali: সরস্বতী (śorośśoti)
* → Burmese: သူရဿတီ (sura.ssa.ti), သရသွတီ (sa.ra.swa.ti)
* → English: Saraswati
* → Gujarati: સરસ્વતી (sarasvatī)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सरस्वती (sarasvatī)
    Urdu: سرسوتی (Sarasvatī, Sarsūtī)
* → Japanese: 弁才天 (Benzaiten)
* → Javanese: ꦱꦫꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦷ (saraswatī)
* → Kannada: ಸರಸ್ವತೀ (sarasvatī)
* Kashmiri:
** Sharada script: 𑆱𑆫𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆠𑆵 (sarasvatī)
** Devanagari script: सरस्वती (saraswatī)
** Arabic script: سَرَسْوَتِی
* → Malayalam: സരസ്വതീ (sarasvatī)
* → Marathi: सरस्वती (sarasvatī)
* → Nepali: सरस्वती (sarasvatī)
* → Odia: ସରସ୍ୱତୀ (saraswati)
* → Punjabi: ਸਰਸਵਤੀ (sarsavatī), ਸਰਸ੍ਵਤੀ (sarsvatī)
* → Russian: Сарасвати (Sarasvati)
* → Sinhalese: සරස්වතී (saraswatī)
* → Tamil: ஸரஸ்வதீ (sarasvatī), சரஸ்வதீ (carasvatī)
** → Malayalam: ചരസ്വതീ (carasvatī)
* → Telugu: సరస్వతి (sarasvati)
* → Tibetan: སརསྭཏཱི (srswatī)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “सरस्वती”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1182, columns 2-3.
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 708
* ↑ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01643-9