# 艾

| 艾 | U+827E, &#33406; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-827E |
| ← 艽 [U+827D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 艿 → [U+827F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

艾 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or 難廿大 (XTK), four-corner 4440$_0$, composition ⿱艹乂)

#### Derived characters

* 哎 餀 鴱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1017, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648
* Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3172, character 9
* Unihan data for U+827E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艾 | *ŋaːds, *ŋads |
| 鴱 | *ŋaːds, *ŋads |
| 餀 | *hŋaːds |
| 刈 | *ŋads |
| 乂 | *ŋads |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): ài (ai$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): ngāi
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ngai$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngie
    (Hailu, HRS): ngie$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nê$^4$ / ngai$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ghai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngié / ngái
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hyo$^4$ / hya$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiāⁿ / gāi / ngāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hian$^7$ / ngai$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ngai$^6$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ngaai$^6$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$nge
** (Jinhua): $^6$ae
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngai$^5$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): nga$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: ngāi
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋæ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaai$^6$
*** Yale: ngaaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːi̯²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯e⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngie$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋie¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nê$^4$ / ngai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ne⁵³/, /ŋaɪ⁵³/
* Meixian:
** nê4 - vernacular;
** ngai4 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit艾 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /nai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ŋɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɣɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ai³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ŋai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /nɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ŋai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ŋai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ŋai²¹³/ /ai²¹³/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /æ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ae⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐe̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣai⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ŋæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ŋɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋe²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ŋe̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ŋe̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ŋe²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋa²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ŋa¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋai⁵⁵/ /ŋai¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ŋai²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ne⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /oi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋai²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋai²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋai²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gai²²/ /hiã²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiɛ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋuɛ⁴⁴/ /ŋai⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hiã³¹/ /ŋãi³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ai³⁵/ /ŋia²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngajH
Rime :
| Character | 艾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五蓋切 |
| Baxter | ngajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤa[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 艾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngaj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/ |
| English | Artemisia; moxa |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 艾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14953 |
| Phonetic component | 乂 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 艾 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːds/ |

#### Definitions

艾
* mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ cǎi ài xī. Yīrì bùjiàn, rú sānsuì xī. [Pinyin]
    There that one is gathering the mugwort! A day without seeing that one, is like three years!
* (obsolete) green
* (literary) pale; greyish white
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Wǔshí yuē ài, fú guānzhèng. [Pinyin]
    When he is fifty, we say, 'He is getting grey;' he can discharge all the duties of an officer.
* (literary) elderly person
    From: 6th century Liu Xie 劉勰, 《文心雕龍》The Mind of Literature and Carved Dragons
    Fán tóngshào jiàn qiǎn ér zhì shèng, cháng'ài shí jiān ér qì shuāi. [Pinyin]
    Ordinarily, the youths are shallow-minded yet strong-willed; the elderly are firm in wisdom and dwindling in spirit.
* (literary) to end; to stop
    方興未艾／方兴未艾 ― fāngxīnɡwèi'ài ― to be in the ascendant
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yè rúhé jī, yè wèi ài. [Pinyin]
    How goes the night? The night has not yet ended.
* (literary) beautiful lady
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    zhī hǎosè, zé mù shào'ài; [Pinyin]
    When he becomes conscious of the attractions of beauty, his desire is towards young and beautiful women.
* (obsolete) to nurture; to foster
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yuè zhǐ jūnzǐ, bǎo'ài ěr hòu. [Pinyin]
    To be rejoiced in are ye, gentlemen; May ye preserve and maintain your posterity!
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jūnzǐ wànnián, fúlù ài zhī. [Pinyin]
    May our sovereign live for ten thousand years, sustained in his happiness and wealth!
* (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
* (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (mugwort): 艾草 (àicǎo)

#### Compounds

* 三年艾
* 千年艾
* 奇龐福艾 / 奇庞福艾
* 將艾 / 将艾
* 少艾 (shào'ài)
* 巴格艾日克 (Bāgé'àirìkè)
* 幼艾
* 悔艾
* 方興未艾 / 方兴未艾 (fāngxīngwèi'ài)
* 期期艾艾 (qīqī'ài'ài)
* 期艾
* 未艾 (wèi'ài)
* 未艾方興 / 未艾方兴
* 沛艾
* 灼艾分痛
* 班艾島 / 班艾岛
* 白艾
* 罕艾日克 (Hǎn'àirìkè)
* 耆艾
* 耄艾
* 艾人
* 艾力西湖 (Àilìxīhú)
* 艾古斯 (Àigǔsī)
* 艾子
* 艾家 (Àijiā)
* 艾服
* 艾氣 / 艾气
* 艾火
* 艾炷
* 艾略特
* 艾窩窩 / 艾窝窝 (àiwōwo)
* 艾納香 / 艾纳香
* 艾絨 / 艾绒 (àiróng)
* 艾美獎 / 艾美奖
* 艾老 (àilǎo)
* 艾艾
* 艾草 (àicǎo)
* 艾薩克 / 艾萨克 (Àisàkè)
* 艾虎 (àihǔ)
* 艾西曼 (Àixīmàn)
* 艾豭
* 芝艾俱焚
* 英艾日克 (Yīng'àirìkè)
* 蒲艾
* 蓄艾
* 蕭艾 / 萧艾
* 蘄艾 / 蕲艾
* 蘭艾 / 兰艾
* 蘭艾俱焚 / 兰艾俱焚
* 蘭艾同焚 / 兰艾同焚
* 蘭艾同燼 / 兰艾同烬
* 蘭芷蕭艾 / 兰芷萧艾
* 鄧艾吃 / 邓艾吃
* 銀艾 / 银艾

### Etymology 2

From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ài (ai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ain$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaai$^6$
*** Yale: ngaaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
*** Tâi-lô: ài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ain$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ãĩ²¹³/

#### Definitions

艾
* Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaai$^6$
*** Yale: ngaaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngai$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăi
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngjojH
Rime :
| Character | 艾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 廢 (27) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚肺切 |
| Baxter | ngjojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨɐi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɐi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɐi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 艾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14958 |
| Phonetic component | 乂 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刈 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋads/ |

#### Definitions

艾
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mìng wǒ zhòngrén, zhì nǎi jiǎn bó, yǎn guān zhì ài. [Pinyin]
    Order all our men, to be provided with their spuds and hoes; anon we shall see the sickles at mowing.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī suǒ yǐ jiào zhě wǔ: yǒu rú shíyǔ huà zhī zhě, yǒu chéng dé zhě, yǒu dá cái zhě, yǒu dá wèn zhě, yǒu sī shū yì zhě. Cǐ wǔ zhě, jūnzǐ zhī suǒyǐ jiào yě.” [Pinyin]
    Mencius said, 'There are five ways in which the superior man effects his teaching. There are some on whom his influence descends like seasonable rain. There are some whose virtue he perfects, and some of whose talents he assists the development. There are some whose inquiries he answers. There are some who privately cultivate and correct themselves. These five ways are the methods in which the superior man effects his teaching.'

#### Compounds

* 怨艾 (yuànyì)
* 自怨自艾 (zìyuànzìyì)
* 艾如張 / 艾如张
* 艾安
* 銍艾 / 铚艾

### References

* “艾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH); compare Mandarin 艾 (ài):
* Go-on: がい (gai)
* Kan-on: がい (gai)
From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH); compare Mandarin 艾 (yì):
* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: がい (gai)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: かる (karu, 艾る)、もぐさ (mogusa, 艾)、よもぎ (yomogi, 艾)

#### Compounds

* 艾(がい)安(あん) (gaian)
* 艾(がい)耆(き) (gaiki)
* 艾(がい)虎(こ) (gaiko)
* 艾(がい)蒿(こう) (gaikō)
* 艾(がい)康(こう) (gaikō)
* 艾(がい)殺(ざつ) (gaizatsu)
* 艾(がい)人(じん) (gaijin)
* 艾(がい)年(ねん) (gainen)
* 艾(がい)髪(はつ) (gaihatsu): the hair of an old person, an old person
* 艾(がい)葉(よう) (gaiyō)
* 艾(がい)老(ろう) (gairō)
* 苦(く)艾(がい) (kugai)
* 少(しょう)艾(がい) (shōgai)
* 沛(はい)艾(がい) (haigai)
* 蓬(ほう)艾(がい) (hōgai)
* 保(ほ)艾(がい) (hogai)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 艾
* よもぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 蓬

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よもぎ [yòmógí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

#### Noun

艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi)
* mugwort, Artemisia princeps
    Synonyms: 艾 (mogusa), 餅草 (mochi-gusa), 灸草 (yaito-gusa), 延命草 (enmei-sō)

##### Derived terms

* 男(おとこ)艾(よもぎ) (otokoyomogi)
* 唐(から)艾(よもぎ) (karayomogi)
* 河(かわ)原(ら)艾(よもぎ) (kawarayomogi)
* シナ艾(よもぎ) (shinayomogi)
* 白(しろ)艾(よもぎ) (shiroyomogi)
* 苦(にが)艾(よもぎ) (nigayomogi)
* 引(ひき)艾(よもぎ) (hikiyomogi)
* 姫(ひめ)昔(むかし)艾(よもぎ) (himemukashiyomogi)
* 壬(み)生(ぶ)艾(よもぎ) (mibuyomogi)

##### See also

* 艾葉(がいよう) (gaiyō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 艾
* もぐさ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Possibly From 燃(も)ゆ (moyu, “to burn”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [mo̞ɡɯ̟sa̠]

#### Noun

艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa)
* Synonym of 艾 (yomogi, “mugwort”)
* moxibustion

##### Derived terms

* 伊(い)吹(ぶき)艾(もぐさ) (ibukimogusa)
* 切(き)り艾(もぐさ) (kirimogusa)
* 薬(くすり)艾(もぐさ) (kusurimogusa)
* 挿(さし)艾(もぐさ) (sashimogusa)
* 艾(もぐさ)縞(じま) (mogusajima)
* 山(やま)艾(もぐさ) (yamamogusa)

##### Descendants

* English: moxa, moxibustion

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae))
* moxa, mugwort

##### Compounds

* 강애 (江艾, gang'ae)
* 기애 (耆艾, giae)
* 난애 (蘭艾, nanae)
* 난애동분 (蘭艾同焚, nanaedongbun)
* 달애 (怛艾, darae)
* 달애 (炟艾, darae)
* 봉애 (蓬艾, bong'ae)
* 소애 (少艾, soae)
* 실애 (實艾, sirae)
* 애가 (艾猳, aega)
* 애개 (艾芥, aegae)
* 애고 (艾糕, aego)
* 애고 (艾膏, aego)
* 애국채 (艾菊菜, aegukchae)
* 애년 (艾年, aenyeon)
* 애로 (艾老, aero)
* 애막 (艾幕, aemak)
* 애병 (艾餠, aebyeong)
* 애복 (艾服, aebok)
* 애석 (艾石, aeseok)
* 애애 (艾艾, aeae)
* 애엽 (艾葉, aeyeop)
* 애용 (艾俑, aeyong)
* 애인 (艾人, aein)
* 애전 (艾田, aejeon)
* 애초 (艾草, aecho)
* 애탕 (艾湯, aetang)
* 애헌 (艾軒, aeheon)
* 애호 (艾蒿, aeho)
* 애호 (艾虎, aeho)
* 애화 (艾花, aehwa)
* 약애 (藥艾, yagae)
* 자원자애 (自怨自艾, jawonjaae)
* 진애 (陳艾, jinae)
* 침애 (針艾, chimae)
* 침애 (鍼艾, chimae)
* 해애 (海艾, haeae)

##### See also

* 구 (灸, gu) moxibustion

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [je̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [예]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Compounds

* 예강 (艾康, yegang)
* 예안 (艾安, yean)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

艾: Hán Nôm readings: ngải, nghệ, nghễ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.