# चन्द्र
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃən.d̪ɾᵊ/, [t͡ʃɐ̃n̪.d̪ɾᵊ]

### Noun

चन्द्र • (candra) m
* Alternative spelling of चंद्र (candra)

#### Declension
## Konkani
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra).

### Noun

चन्द्र • (candr) (Latin script chandr, Kannada script ಚನ್ದ್ರ)
* the Moon

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Noun

चन्द्र • (candra) m
* Alternative spelling of चंद्र (candra)

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʌn̪d̪rʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: चन्द्र

### Noun

चन्द्र • (candra)
* (astronomy) moon
    Synonyms: चन्द्रमा (candramā), जून (jūna)

### References

* “चन्द्र”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “चन्द्र”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* চন্দ্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* চন্দ্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰓𑰡𑰿𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀘𑀦𑁆𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* စန္ဒြ (Burmese script)
* ચન્દ્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਚਨ੍ਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌚𑌨𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಚನ್ದ್ರ (Kannada script)
* ចន្ទ្រ (Khmer script)
* ຈນ຺ທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* ചന്ദ്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᢜᠠᠨᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘓𑘡𑘿𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢋᠠᠨᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦳𑧁𑧠𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐔𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢗꢥ꣄ꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆖𑆤𑇀𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖓𑖡𑖿𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* චන්‍ද්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩡𑩯 𑪙𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚏𑚝𑚶𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* சந்த்³ர (Tamil script)
* చన్ద్ర (Telugu script)
* จนฺทฺร (Thai script)
* ཙ་ནྡྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒔𑒢𑓂𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨣𑨝𑩇𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

### Adjective

चन्द्र • (candrá) stem
* glittering, shining (as gold), having the brilliancy or hue of light (said of gods, of water and of soma)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.121.9:मा नो॑ हिंसीज्जनि॒ता यः पृ॑थि॒व्या यो वा॒ दिवं॑ स॒त्यध॑र्मा ज॒जान॑। यश्चा॒पश्चन्द्रा बृ॑ह॒तीर्ज॒जान॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम॥mā́ no hiṃsījjanitā́ yáḥ pṛthivyā́ yó vā dívaṃ satyádharmā jajā́na. yáścāpáścándrā́ bṛhatī́rjajā́na kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema.

#### Declension
### Noun

चन्द्र • (candrá) stem, m
* the moon (also personified as a deity)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.24.10:अ॒मी य ऋक्षा॒ निहि॑तास उ॒च्चा नक्तं॒ ददृ॑श्रे॒ कुह॑ चि॒द्दिवे॑युः। अद॑ब्धानि॒ वरु॑णस्य व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒चाक॑शच्चन्द्रमा॒ नक्त॑मेति॥amī́ yá ṛ́kṣā níhitāsa uccā́ náktaṃ dádṛśre kúha ciddíveyuḥ. ádabdhāni váruṇasya vratā́ni vicā́kaśaccandramā náktameti.These constellations pluralised on high, which are visible by night, and go elsewhere by day, are the undisturbed holy acts of Varuṇa and by his command the moon moves resplendent by night.
    पार्थिवचन्द्र (pārthiva-candra) or नरेन्द्रचन्द्र (narendra-candra) — a most excellent king
* the number "one"
* a lovely or agreeable phenomenon of any kind
* a spot similar to the moon
* the eye in a peacock's tail
* the mark of the visarga
* a kind of reddish pearl
* camphor
* water
* the काम्पिल्ल (kāmpilla) plant
* (prosody) a metre of 4×19 syllables
* name of a daitya (= चन्द्रवर्मन् (candra-varman), king of the kāmbojas)
* name of a son of Kṛṣṇa
* name of a son of विश्वगन्धि (viśva-gandhi) and father of युवनाश्व (yuvanāśva)
* name of a grammarian (= चन्द्रगोमिन् (candra-gomin))
* name of a king
* name of one of the ancestors of the गौड (gauḍa) Brahmins
* name of several other men
* name one of the 18 minor dvīpas
* = चन्द्रपर्वत (candra-parvata)

#### Antonyms

* सूर्य (sū́rya, “sun”)

#### Derived terms

* चन्द्रिका (candrikā)
* रामचन्द्र (rāmacandra)
* चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)

#### Related terms

* चण्ड (cáṇḍa)
* चण्डिमन् (caṇḍiman)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)
* Helu Prakrit:
** Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)
** Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)
* Magadhi Prakrit:
** Assamese: চান্দ (sand)
** Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)
** Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)
** Rohingya: san
** Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)
* Maharastri Prakrit:
** Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)
** Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘽𑘟 (cāṃda)
*** Marathi: चांद (cānda​), चंद (canda)​
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)
** Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)
*** Urdu: چاند (cānd)
** Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)
** Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)
** Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)
** Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)
* Pali: canda
** → Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)
** → Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)
* → Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)
* → Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)
* → English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)
* → Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)
* → Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)
* → Thai: จันท์ (learned)
* → Hindustani: (learned)
** Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)
** Urdu: چندر (candra)
* → Indonesian: candra (learned)
* → Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)
* → Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)
* → Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)
* → Malay: cendera (learned)
** Indonesian: cendera
* → Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)
* → Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)
* → Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)
* → Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)
* → Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)
* → Old Javanese: candra (learned)
** Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
** → Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)
* → Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)
* → Sinhalese: චන්ද්‍රයා (candrayā) (learned)
* → Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)
* → Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)
* → Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)
* → Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

#### See also

* मास (mā́sa)
* सोम (sóma)

### Noun

चन्द्र • (candrá) stem, n
* gold
** RV 2.2.4c
    तमुक्षमाणं रजसि सव आ दमे चन्द्रमिव सुरुचं हवार आ दधुः |
    पर्श्न्याः पतरं चितयन्तमक्षभिः पाथो न पायुं जनसी उभे अनु ||
       tamukṣamāṇaṃ rajasi sva ā dame candramiva surucaṃ hvāra ā dadhuḥ |
       pṛśnyāḥ pataraṃ citayantamakṣabhiḥ pātho na pāyuṃ janasī ubhe anu ||
          Him have they set in his own dwelling, in the vault, like the gold waxing, fulgent, in the realm of air.
          Bird of the firmament, observant with his eyes, guard of the place as'twere, looking to Gods and men.
* a kind of sour rice-gruel
* name of a sāman
* cardamoms
* Cocculus cordifolius (गुडूची (guḍūcī))
* = चन्द्रास्पदा (candrā-spadā)
* name of a river

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “candrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 528-529

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “चन्द्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 386/3.