# 바닥
## Jeju
### Etymology

From Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (pàtáng). Cognate to Korean 바닥 (badak)

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽patak⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [pa̠da̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [바닥]

### Noun

바닥 (badak)
* bottom, floor

### References

* “바닥” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.
* 제주 문화 예술 재단 [jeju munhwa yesul jaedan] (2009) “바닥”, in 개정 증보 제주어 사전 [gaejeong jeungbo jejueo sajeon], 제주 특별 자치도 [jeju teukbyeol jachido], →ISBN, page 414

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (Busan) IPA: [pɐdɐk̚]
* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pa̠da̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [바닥]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 바닥의 / 바닥에 / 바닥까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

### Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (Yale: pàtáng). In the Early Modern era, the form was supplanted by modern 바닥 (badak), which may originally have been dialectal; Korean dialects often variably have coda /k~ŋ~j~h/, probably from ancestral */-k/.
바다 (bada, “sea, ocean”) may originally have been a semantic extension of this word. Beyond Koreanic, probably related to Manchu ᡶ‍ᠠᡨᠠᠨ (f‍atan, “sole of the foot”), which is quite possibly a Korean borrowing into Jurchen or Manchu given the apparent lack of clear Tungusic cognates.

#### Noun

바닥 • (badak)
* floor; bottom; a flat and usually low surface of a space or object
    신발 바닥 ― sinbal badak ― bottom of the shoes, sole of the shoes
    혓바닥 ― hyeotbadak ― surface of the tongue
    책이 바닥에 떨어지다 ― chaeg-i badag-e tteoreojida ― for the book to fall to the floor
** 1704 (publ. 1721), 洪啓英/홍계영, “喜雪 / 희설”, in 觀水齋遺稿 / 관수재유고:바닥 업슨 신을 신고 雪(셜)裏(리)의 徘(ᄇᆡ)徊(회)ᄒᆞ니 […]badak eopseun sin-eul sin'go syeolli-ui baehoehani […] as I wander about in the midst of the snow, wearing shoes that have no soles
** c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong) [Tidbits of the Musical Sciences]:싀어마님 며ᄂᆞ리 낫바 벽바닥을 구로지 마오suieomanim myeoneuri natba byeokbadag-eul guroji maoMother-in-law, do not stamp your feet against the bottom of the wall out of how terrible your daughter-in-law is.
** 1942 (publ. 1948), Yun Dong-ju, “참회록 [chamhoerok]”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 시 [haneulgwa baramgwa byeolgwa si, Sky, Wind, and Stars]:밤이면 밤마다 나의 거울을 손바닥으로 발바닥으로 닦아 보자.Bam-imyeon bammada na-ui geour-eul sonbadag-euro balbadag-euro dakka boja.When it is night, at every night, let me polish my mirror with my palms and my soles.
** 2021, “버스서 5만원 든 지갑주운 20대... CCTV 덕에 무죄 [beoseuseo 5manwon deun jigapjuun 20dae... CCTV deoge mujoe, Man in 20s picks up wallet with 50k\ bills in bus, found innocent thanks to security camera]”, in The Chosun Ilbo‎:지갑이 바닥에 떨어졌고, 지갑을 주우려고 하다 의자 밑으로 들어가는 바람에 그냥 버스에서 내렸다고 진술했다.Jigab-i badag-e tteoreojeotgo, jigab-eul juuryeogo hada uija mit-euro deureoganeun baram-e geunyang beoseu-eseo naeryeotdago jinsulhaetda.He testified that the wallet had fallen to the floor, and that it went under the chair when he tried to pick it up, so he just left the bus.
* (figurative) rock bottom
* (colloquial) area, region
    서울 바닥 ― Seoul badak ― Seoul; the area of Seoul
* (uncommon) the weave of fabric

##### Derived terms

(idioms)
* 바닥을 긁다 (badageul geukda, “to be stuck in poverty or difficulty”, literally “to scratch the bottom”)
* 바닥을 기다 (badageul gida, “to be terrible (of scores, grades, etc.)”, literally “to crawl the bottom”)
* 바닥을 보다 (badageul boda, “to put at end to things”, literally “to see the bottom”)
* 바닥을 비우다 (badageul biuda, “to deplete”, literally “to empty the bottom”)
* 바닥을 짚다 (badageul jipda, “to mine a specific place for ore”, literally “to examine the bottom”)
* 바닥을 치다 (badageul chida, “to hit rock bottom”, literally “to strike the bottom”)
* 바닥이 드러나다 (badagi deureonada, “to be depleted”, literally “for the bottom to be revealed”)
(compounds)
* 길바닥 (gilbadak, “bottom of the road”)
* 뒷바닥 (dwitbadak, “back of the sole”)
* 땅바닥 (ttangbadak, “ground”)
* 맨바닥 (maenbadak, “bare floor”)
* 모랫바닥 (moraetbadak, “sand field”)
* 밑바닥 (mitbadak, “bottom”)
* 바닥나다 (badangnada, “to become depleted”, literally “for the bottom to appear”)
* 발바닥 (balbadak, “sole”)
* 방바닥 (bangbadak, “floor”)
* 손바닥 (sonbadak, “palm”)
* 아랫바닥 (araetbadak, “bottom”)
* 장바닥 (jangbadak, “marketplace”) (colloquial)
* 혓바닥 (hyeotbadak, “surface of the tongue”)

#### Counter

바닥 • (badak)
* (southeastern Gyeongsang) page of paper
    Synonyms: 쪽 (jjok), 페이지 (peiji)
    책 한 바닥 ― chaek han badak ― a page of a book

### Etymology 2

See the main entry at 바다 (bada). Probably the most conservative form of this word.

#### Noun

바닥 • (badak)
* (southern Gyeongsang, southern Jeolla dialect) Dialectal form of 바다 (bada, “sea; ocean”).

##### Synonyms

Historical and regional synonyms of 바다 (bada, “sea”) :
| view map; ||||
| Group | Region | Location | Words |
| Standardised forms | South Korean Standard Language | South Korean Standard Language | 바다 (bada) |
| Standardised forms | North Korean Cultured Language | North Korean Cultured Language | 바다 (bada) |
| Historical forms | Old Korean | Old Korean | 海等 (*PAtol) |
| Historical forms | Middle Korean | Middle Korean | 바닿〮 (pàtáh), 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 (pàlól) |
| Historical forms | Early Modern Seoul Korean | Early Modern Seoul Korean | 바다 (bada), 바닿 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Modern colloquial Seoul | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Kaesong | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Changpung | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yeoncheon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yongin | 바대 (badae) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Kosan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Gangneung | 바다 (bàdà) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Wonsan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Kumya | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Munchon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Anbyeon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Yangyang | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Samcheok | 바다 (bádà) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Cheongju | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Chungju | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Danyang | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Boeun | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Yeongdong | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Cheonan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Hongseong | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Gongju | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Seocheon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Nonsan | 바다 (bada), 바대 (badae) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Haeju | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Ongjin | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Yonan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Taetan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Chaeryong | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Changyon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Unnyul | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Hwangju | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Sohung | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Kumchon | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Singye | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Suan | 바다 (bada) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Yonsan | 바다 (bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Daegu | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Uljin | '바다 ( bada), '바닥 ( badak) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yecheon | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Andong | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Uiseong | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Cheongsong | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yeongdeok | '바다 ( bada), '바닥 ( badak) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Gimcheon | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Pohang | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yeongcheon | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Goryeong | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Busan | '바다 ( bada), 바당 (bádàng) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Ulsan | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Changwon | '바다 ( bada), '바당 ( badang) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Geochang | '바다 ( bada), 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hapcheon | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Changnyeong | '바대 ( badae), 바당 (bádàng) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hamyang | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hadong | 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Jinju | '바다 ( bada), '바당 ( badang), 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Haman | 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Gimhae | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Yangsan | '바다 ( bada) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Sacheon | 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Goseong | 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Namhae | '바다 ( bada), 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Tongyeong | '바다 ( bada), 바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Geoje | 바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jeonju | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jinan | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Muju | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Gimje | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jeongeup | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Imsil | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jangsu | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Sunchang | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Namwon | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gwangju | 바다 (bada) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Yeonggwang | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jangseong | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Damyang | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gokseong | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gurye | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Hampyeong | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Sinan | 바닥 (badak) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Mokpo | 바닥 (badak) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Naju | 바대 (bade), 바다 (bada) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Suncheon | 바다 (bada) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gwangyang | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Yeongam | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jindo | 바닥 (badak) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Haenam | 바대 (bade), 바닥 (badak) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gangjin | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Wando | 바닥 (badak), 바탕 (batang) (less common) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jangheung | 바대 (bade) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Boseong | 바대 (badae) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Goheung | 바닥 (badak) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Yeosu | 바닥 (badak), 바당 (badang) |
| Pyongan Korean | South Pyongan | Pyongyang | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Pakchon | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Nyongbyon | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Kusong | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Huichon | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Kanggye | 바다 (bada) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Chasong | 바다 (bada) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Hamhung | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Chongpyong | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Yonggwang | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Sinhung | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Hongwon | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Pukchong | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Tanchon | 바'당 (ba dang) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Chongjin | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kimchaek | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kilju | 바'당 (ba dang) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Myongchon | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kyongsong | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Puryong | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Musan | 바'당 (ba dang) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Hyesan | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kapsan | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Pungso | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kimhyongjik | 바'다 (ba da) |
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Kyonghung | 바다 (bàdá) |
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Hoeryong | 바당 (bàdáng) |
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Onsong | 바다 (bàdá) |
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Kyongwon | 바당 (bàdáng) |
| Yukjin Korean | Diaspora | Hunchun | 바다 (bàdá) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Jeju City | 바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Daejeong | 바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Gujwa | 바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Seogwipo | 바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut) |
| Note: Jeolla and Gyeongsang speakers may prefer to use words for 'beach' or 'seashore' in contexts where Seoul speakers would use 바다. ||||
| This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas. ||||

### References

* ↑ 김영일 [gimyeong'il] (2008) “한국어 어휘 비교의 재인식 [han'gugeo eohwi bigyoui jaeinsik, A new approach to Korean lexical comparisons]”, in Hangeul, volume 279, page 153−176
* ↑ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 24