# eli
## Akkadian

* Root
* '-l-y
* 4 terms

### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (“on, over”). Cognate with Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā) and Biblical Hebrew עַל (ʕal), עֲלֵי (ʕălé).

### Pronunciation

* (Old Babylonian) IPA: /ˈe.li/

### Preposition

eli (pronominal form elī) (from Old Akkadian on)
* on, above, over, upon
* towards
* against
* beyond, more than
** 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎, The Louvre, Law 202:𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇷𒂊𒀉 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒊭 𒂊𒇷𒋗 𒊏𒁍𒌑 𒅎𒋫𒄩𒊍 𒄿𒈾 𒁍𒌔𒊑𒅎 𒄿𒈾 𒋢𒉮 𒄞 𒁹𒋗𒅆 𒅎𒈤𒄩𒊍[šumma awīlum lēt awīlim ša elīšu rabû imtaḫaṣ, ina puḫrim ina qinnāz alpim (ištēn) šūši immaḫḫaṣ.]šum-ma a-wi-lum le-e-et a-wi-lim ša e-li-šu ra-bu-u₂ im-ta-ḫa-aṣ i-na pu-uḫ₂-ri-im i-na $^{kuš}$USAN₃ GUD 1 šu-ši im-maḫ-ḫa-aṣIf a man has struck the cheek of a man who is of higher rank than he, he will be struck with an ox whip sixty times in the assembly.

#### Alternative forms

* ili, elu, el
* al (Old Akkadian)
Cuneiform spellings :
| Logograms | Phonetic |
| 𒌋𒅗 (UGU) | 𒂊𒇷 (e-li) |

### References

* “eli”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
* Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “eli”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
* Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns

## Dilling
### Etymology

Proto-Nubian *il-di.

### Noun

eli
* woman

### References

* (as eli)
* Salem Chaker, Andrzej Zaborski, Etudes berbères et chamito-sémitiques: mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse (2000) (as ǐḷī)

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Verb

eli
* to be.

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

Either from the pronominal stem e- seen in että (compare mikäli, from mikä), or alternatively a North Germanic loan (compare Old Norse ella, ellar, from Proto-Germanic *aljaz). Also compare Estonian elik.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeli(ˣ)/, [ˈe̞li(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -eli
* Hyphenation: eli

#### Conjunction

eli (coordinating)
* that is, that is to say, i.e.; in other words, to put it another way; as in (used to introduce a clarification or explanation)
    Hän tulee tänne maanantaina eli ylihuomenna. ― She's coming here on Monday as in two days from now.
    Kuivajää sublimoituu lämmetessään kaasuksi, eli se muuttuu suoraan kaasuksi muuttumatta välillä nesteeksi. ― Dry ice sublimates to gas directly, i.e. it turns straight into gas without turning into a liquid in between.
* or, also known as, AKA, a.k.a. (used to introduce an alternative name)
    Synonyms: l., alias, a.k.a.
    Kikka eli Kirsi Sirén ― Kikka a.k.a. Kirsi Sirén
    ruokasuola eli natriumkloridi ― table salt or sodium chloride
* (informal) so (used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question; used to introduce a rhetorical question)
    Synonym: siis (when not colloquial, it is usually not the first word in the sentence)
    Eli miten se tarina päättyy? ― So how does the story end?
    Eli kävit siellä eilen. ― So you did go there yesterday.
* (archaic or dialectal) or
    Synonyms: tai, (exclusive or in questions) vai
    Lähdetkö mukaan eli et? ― Are you coming along or not?

##### Derived terms

* elikkä

##### Further reading

* “eli”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞li]
* Rhymes: -eli
* Hyphenation: eli

#### Verb

eli
* third-person singular past indicative of elää
    Hän eli täällä.He lived here.

### Anagrams

* lei, lie

## Ido
### Etymology

elu (“she, her”) +‎ -i (“-s; plural”)

### Pronoun

eli pl
* they, them (feminine)

#### Related terms

* li (“they, them”)
* ili (“they, them”) (masculine)
* oli (“they, them”) (neuter)

## Igala
### Etymology

Cognate with Urhobo eni, Edo ení, Igbo enyi, Yoruba erin, Olukumi erin. This form was replaced by Igala àdagbá, from Idoma adagba or Nupe dagba. Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *é-lĩ or Proto-Yoruboid *é-nĩ. See Benue-Congo cognates, Ibibio eniin, Tee ni, Proto-Lower Cross River *é-nì:n, Proto-Ogoni *ǹnĩ, Westermann constructs a possible reconstruction to Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /é.lī/

### Noun

éli
* (obsolete) elephant
    Synonym: àdagbá

## Ingrian
### Etymology 1

From the pronominal stem e-, of uncertain origin. Akin to Finnish eli and Estonian elik. Possibly influenced by or derived from Russian или (ili), Swedish eller.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲi]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲi]
* Rhymes: -eli
* Hyphenation: e‧li

#### Conjunction

eli
* (folk poetic) or

##### Synonyms

* tali, ehki, vai

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲi]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲi]
* Rhymes: -eli
* Hyphenation: e‧li

#### Verb

eli
* third-person singular indicative imperfect of ellää
    Hää eli Soikkolaas. ― She lived in Soikkola.

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 30

## Italian
### Noun

eli m
* plural of elio

### Anagrams

* -ile, Lei, lei

## Kristang
### Etymology

From Portuguese ele (“he”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ele, from Latin ille (“that”).

### Pronoun

eli
* he, she or it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

### See also

Kristang personal pronouns :
| Person | Singular | Plural |
| First | yo | nus |
| Second | bos | bolotu |
| Third | eli | olotu |

### References

* ↑ 2010, Ladislav Prištic, Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa, Masaryk University, page 26.

## Meänkieli
### Conjunction

eli
* or

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ē.lī/

### Noun

eli
* Alternative form of ali (“character; disposition; behaviour”)

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.li/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛli
* Syllabification: e‧li

### Conjunction

eli
* Alternative form of jeśli

### Further reading

* eli in silling.org

## Ternate
### Etymology

Cognate with Sahu 'elingi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈ(ʔ)e.li]

### Verb

eli
* (transitive) to remember

#### Alternative forms

* el

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Venetan
### Pronoun

eli m
* they, them

## Volapük
### Article

eli
* accusative singular of el
** 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:Ekö! jivirgan ogrodikof, ed omotof soni, keli onemoy eli ‚Emmanuel’, kela tradutod binon: God binom ko obs.Look! the virgin is with child and will give birth to a son whom they will call Immanuel, a name which means „God-is-with-us”.

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh eli, from Proto-Brythonic *ėliv, borrowed from Latin olīvum, see olīva and oleum.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɛlɪ/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈeːli/, /ˈɛli/
* Rhymes: -ɛli

### Noun

eli m (plural elïau)
* ointment
    Synonym: ennaint

#### Derived terms

* eli haul m (“sun cream, sunscreen”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [êːli]

### Pronoun

êli
* this; class 5 proximal demonstrative.