# glan
## Breton
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

### Adjective

glan
* pure

### Mutation
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡl̪ˠan̪ˠ/, /ɡlˠanˠ/, /ɡlˠɑnˠ/, (Cois Fharraige) [ɡl̪ˠaːn̪ˠ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

#### Adjective

glan (genitive singular masculine glain, genitive singular feminine glaine, plural glana, comparative glaine)
* clean
* clear

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

###### Archaic declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Derived terms

* neamhghlan
* spéirghlan

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from the adjective.

#### Verb

glan (present analytic glanann, future analytic glanfaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glanta)
* clean

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | glanaim | glanann tú; glanair$^†$ | glanann sé, sí | glanaimid | glanann sibh | glanann siad; glanaid$^†$ | a ghlanann; a ghlanas / a nglanann* | glantar |
| indicative | past | ghlan mé; ghlanas | ghlan tú; ghlanais | ghlan sé, sí | ghlanamar; ghlan muid | ghlan sibh; ghlanabhair | ghlan siad; ghlanadar | a ghlan / ar ghlan* | glanadh |
| indicative | past habitual | ghlanainn / nglanainn‡‡ | ghlantá / nglantá‡‡ | ghlanadh sé, sí / nglanadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghlanaimis; ghlanadh muid / nglanaimis‡‡; nglanadh muid‡‡ | ghlanadh sibh / nglanadh sibh‡‡ | ghlanaidís; ghlanadh siad / nglanaidís‡‡; nglanadh siad‡‡ | a ghlanadh / a nglanadh* | ghlantaí / nglantaí‡‡ |
| future | future | glanfaidh mé; glanfad | glanfaidh tú; glanfair$^†$ | glanfaidh sé, sí | glanfaimid; glanfaidh muid | glanfaidh sibh | glanfaidh siad; glanfaid$^†$ | a ghlanfaidh; a ghlanfas / a nglanfaidh* | glanfar |
| conditional | conditional | ghlanfainn / nglanfainn‡‡ | ghlanfá / nglanfá‡‡ | ghlanfadh sé, sí / nglanfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghlanfaimis; ghlanfadh muid / nglanfaimis‡‡; nglanfadh muid‡‡ | ghlanfadh sibh / nglanfadh sibh‡‡ | ghlanfaidís; ghlanfadh siad / nglanfaidís‡‡; nglanfadh siad‡‡ | a ghlanfadh / a nglanfadh* | ghlanfaí / nglanfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go nglana mé; go nglanad$^†$ | go nglana tú; go nglanair$^†$ | go nglana sé, sí | go nglanaimid; go nglana muid | go nglana sibh | go nglana siad; go nglanaid$^†$ | — | go nglantar |
| subjunctive | past | dá nglanainn | dá nglantá | dá nglanadh sé, sí | dá nglanaimis; dá nglanadh muid | dá nglanadh sibh | dá nglanaidís; dá nglanadh siad | — | dá nglantaí |
| imperative | imperative | glanaim | glan | glanadh sé, sí | glanaimis | glanaigí; glanaidh$^†$ | glanaidís | — | glantar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh | glanadh |
| past participle | past participle | glanta | glanta | glanta | glanta | glanta | glanta | glanta | glanta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Derived terms

* folúsghlan (“vacuum clean”, verb)
* glantóir m (“cleaner”)
* tirimghlan (“dry clean”, verb)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “glan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### References

* ↑ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947) The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 46, page 11
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 125
* ↑ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 108
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 254, page 127

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *glanos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlan/

### Adjective

glan
* clean
* pure
* clear

#### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | glan | glan | glan |
| Vocative | glain* glan** | glan | glan |
| Accusative | glan | glain | glan |
| Genitive | glain | glaine | glain |
| Dative | glan | glain | glan |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | glain | glana | glana |
| Vocative | glanu glana† | glana | glana |
| Accusative | glanu glana† | glana | glana |
| Genitive | glan | glan | glan |
| Dative | glanaib | glanaib | glanaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Derived terms

* glanaid

#### Descendants

* Irish: glan
* Scottish Gaelic: glan
* Manx: glen

### Verb

·glan
* third-person singular preterite conjunct of glanaid

### Verb

glan
* second-person singular imperative of glanaid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “glan”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glěnь. First attested in the end of the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /ɡlʲaːn/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ɡlʲɒn/

### Noun

glan m animacy unattested
* dirt, filth
** 1968 [End of the 15th century], Roman Laskowski, Józef Reczek, editors, Glosy polskie rękopisu Sermones de tempore et de sanctis nr. XV 32 Biblioteki OO. Dominikanów w Krakowie z drugiej połowy XV wieku‎, Sandomierz: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, page 73:Sed, heu, multi sunt peccatores, qui se abscondunt in squalore, w glanye, immundicie[Sed, heu, multi sunt peccatores, qui se abscondunt in squalore, w glanie, immundicie]

#### Descendants

* Polish: glon

### Further reading

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “glan”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Back-formation from glanc, with a semantic shift of shine > boots polished to a shine > bovver boot.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡlan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: glan

### Noun

glan m inan
* (colloquial) bovver boot (stout lace-up boots, especially Dr. Martens, perceived to be worn for the purpose of kicking people in fights, and popular with skinheads or other troublemakers out looking for bovver)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Adam Fałowski (2022) “glan”, in Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN

### Further reading

* glan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* glan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kl̪ˠan/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

#### Adjective

glan (comparative glaine or gloine, qualitative noun glainead or gloinead)
* clean
* pure
* fine, grand, sheer
* (colloquial) great, groovy, well

#### Adverb

glan
* completely, wholly, thoroughly
* (colloquial, as an intensifier) very much, really, a lot, thoroughly
    chòrd e rium glan ― I really enjoyed it

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from glan.

#### Verb

glan (past ghlan, future glanaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glante)
* clean, purify
* purge, refine
* weed

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh glann, from Proto-Brythonic *glann, from Proto-Celtic *glannos; see *glendos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlan/

### Noun

glan f (plural glannau or glennydd)
* bank, shore

#### Derived terms

* glanio (“to come ashore, to land”)
* Glannau Dyfrdwy (“Deeside”)
* Glannau Merswy (“Merseyside”)
* lan (“up(ward)”)
* marchrawn y glennydd (“shore horsetails”)
* torlan (“undercut riverbank, dyke”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “glan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies