# 垻

| 垻 | U+57BB, &#22459; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57BB |
| ← 垺 [U+57BA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垼 → [U+57BC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垻 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 土月山金 (GBUC), four-corner 4618$_0$, composition ⿰土貝)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 229, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5098
* Dae Jaweon: page 465, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 444, character 2
* Unihan data for U+57BB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 貝 | *paːds |
| 狽 | *paːds |
| 鋇 | *paːds |
| 浿 | *pʰaːds, *pʰreːds |
| 垻 | *praːs |
| 敗 | *praːds, *braːds |
| 唄 | *braːds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːs): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 貝 (OC *paːds).

### Etymology 1

Related to Proto-Tai *paːᴮ (“grove; wood”), whence Thai ป่า (bpàa, “forest; meadow”), Lao ປ່າ (pā, “forest; wilderness”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bà (ba$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ba$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baa$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bà
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bà
*** Wade–Giles: pa$^4$
*** Yale: bà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bah
*** Palladius: ба (ba)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ba$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ba
*** Sinological IPA : /pa²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baa$^3$
*** Yale: ba
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ba$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paː³³/
* Middle Chinese: paeH
Rime :
| Character | 垻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 必駕切 |
| Baxter | paeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 419 |
| Phonetic component | 貝 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霸 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːs/ |

#### Definitions

垻
* (chiefly Southwestern Mandarin) plain (usually used in place names)
* (Southwestern Mandarin) beach; shoal

#### Compounds

* 垻垻 / 坝坝
* 垻垻電影 / 坝坝电影
* 垻子 / 坝子 (bàzi)
* 平垻 / 平坝 (píngbà)
* 曬垻 / 晒坝
* 沙垻 / 沙坝
* 沙垻垻 / 沙坝坝
* 河垻 / 河坝
* 河垻垻 / 河坝坝
* 田垻 / 田坝
* 皇城垻 / 皇城坝
* 華西垻 / 华西坝
* 院垻 / 院坝
* 黃田垻 / 黄田坝

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 垻 – see 壩 (“dam; embankment; dike; etc.”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and variant form of 壩).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèi (bei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$
*** Yale: bèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
*** Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

垻
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) slope

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): はい (hai)、は (ha)、へ (he)
* Kun: つつみ (tsutsumi)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

垻: Hán Nôm readings: bụi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation