OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# apella
## Translingual
### Etymology

Possibly from Swedish apa (“primate, ape, monkey”) +‎ Latin -ella (diminutive suffix).

### Noun

apella
* used as a specific epithet

#### Derived terms

* Sapajus apella (“tufted capuchin”)
* Simia apella
* Cebus apella
* Nilasera apella
* Racta apella
* Rifargia apella

## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀπέλλα (apélla, “assembly”).

### Noun

apella (plural apellai)
* (Ancient Greece, politics) The popular deliberative assembly in the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta, corresponding to the ecclesia in most other Greek states.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “ἀπέλλα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

### Further reading

* apella on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* paella, paleal, pallae

## Aragonese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpeʎa/
* Rhymes: -eʎa
* Syllabification: a‧pe‧lla

### Noun

apella f (plural apellas) (central Aragonese)
* Alternative form of abella (“bee”)

### References

* Ralph Penny (2000) Variation and Change in Spanish, Cambridge University Press, page 25

## Finnish
### Noun

apella
* adessive singular of appi

### Anagrams

* paella, pallea

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Apella

### Etymology

A misinterpretation of the proper name Apella as used in Horace, given a folk etymology as a- + pellis (“skin”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aˈpel.la/, [äˈpɛlːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈpel.la/, [äˈpɛlːä]

### Noun

apella m (genitive apellae); first declension
* one that is circumcised; a Jew
    Synonym: verpus
** 1609, Adam(us) Proserchomus, Ad Sixtum Palmam :David Apellarum rexDavid, king of the Jews

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### References

* ↑ Miloslav Okál, Michiel Verweij (1994) “Les pensées politiques, religieuses et culturelles d'Adam Proserchomus, poète slovaque de la Réforme. Avec une édition du Threnus astraeae (1611)”, in Humanistica Lovaniensia, number 43, page 404
* Encyclopædia Britannica, 3rd edition, volume 2, 1797, page 111
* Francis Holyoke (1612) Riders Dictionarie corrected, and with the addition of above five hundred Words enriched. Hereunto is annexed a Dictionarie Etymologicall [...]‎, 3rd edition, Oxford
** Apella,ę,com.gen[.] ex a,i.sine & pellis, Hor. One that is circumcised.
    Apella, genitive Apellae, of common gender, from a (“without”), that is without, & pellis (“skin”), Hor. One that is circumcised.
* Christopher Wase (1675) Dictionarium Minus: A Compendious Dictionary, English-Latin & Latin-English. [...]‎, 2nd edition
    Apella, æ, A Jew, one of the Concision.
* Thomas Elyot (1490?-1546) The dictionary of syr Thomas Eliot knyght‎. Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership, 2011, accessed 26 January 2023.
# ઉપાધ્યાય
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya). Doublet of ઓઝો (ojho) and ખોજા (khojā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈu.pɑd̪ʱ.jɑj/
* Rhymes: -ɑj
* Hyphenation: ઉ‧પાધ્‧યાય

### Noun

ઉપાધ્યાય • (upādhyāya) m
* teacher, guru
    Synonyms: શિક્ષક (śikṣak), અધ્યાપક (adhyāpak)
    Coordinate term: ઉપાધ્યાયી (upādhyāyī)
** (Jainism) one of the five types of revered people in Jainism

### Proper noun

ઉપાધ્યાય • (upādhyāya) n
* a surname, Upadhyay or Upadhyaya, from Sanskrit
# గణగణ
## Telugu
### Noun

గణగణ • (gaṇagaṇa) ? (plural గణగణలు)
* the ringing or tinkling of bells
# న్యాయం
## Telugu
### Noun

న్యాయం • (nyāyaṁ) ? (plural న్యాయాలు)
* Alternative form of న్యాయము (nyāyamu)
# обработать
## Russian
### Etymology

об- (ob-) +‎ рабо́тать (rabótatʹ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐbrɐˈbotətʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

обрабо́тать • (obrabótatʹ) pf (imperfective обраба́тывать)
* to process, to treat, to work on
* to cultivate (soil)
* to finish, to polish
* to cleanse (a wound), to apply antiseptic
* (colloquial) to indoctrinate, to influence
** 1925, Михаил Булгаков [Mikhail Bulgakov], chapter 8, in Собачье сердце; English translation from Avril Pyman, transl., Heart of a Dog, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1990:— Поми́луйте, Фили́пп Фили́ппович, да е́жели его́ ещё обрабо́тает э́тот Шво́ндер, что ж из него́ полу́чится?! Бо́же мой, я то́лько тепе́рь начина́ю понима́ть, что мо́жет вы́йти из э́того Ша́рикова!— Pomílujte, Filípp Filíppovič, da jéželi jevó ješčó obrabótajet étot Švónder, što ž iz nevó polúčitsja?! Bóže moj, ja tólʹko tepérʹ načináju ponimátʹ, što móžet výjti iz étovo Šárikova!"But Philip Philipovich, for goodness sake. If that Shvonder gets working on him again, what will become of him! My God, I'm only just beginning to realise the potential of that Sharikov!"

#### Related terms

* обрабо́тка (obrabótka)
* обраба́тывание (obrabátyvanije)
# longnose lancetfish
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Noun

longnose lancetfish (plural longnose lancetfish)
* A large predatory lancetfish, of species Alepisaurus ferox, found in deep-water ocean.

#### Synonyms

* cannibal fish, long-snouted lancetfish

#### Translations
### References

* longnose lancetfish on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Alepisaurus ferox on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Alepisaurus ferox on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# brauza
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Brause.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbraw.za/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -awza
* Syllabification: brau‧za

### Noun

brauza f
* shower bath (device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height)
* soda pop (any of several sweetened, carbonated beverages)

### Further reading

* brauza in silling.org
# Chicomucelteco
## English
### Proper noun

Chicomucelteco
* Alternative form of Chicomuceltec
# Melikjan
## Estonian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian Մելիքյան (Melikʻyan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmelikjɑn/, [ˈmelʲikjɑ̈n]

### Proper noun

Melikjan (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])
* a surname from Armenian

#### Statistics

* According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Melikjan is the 19471st most common surname in Estonia, belonging to 12 individuals.

### Further reading

* Forebears
# గడ్డిపాము
## Telugu
### Etymology

From గడ్డి (gaḍḍi) +‎ పాము (pāmu).

### Noun

గడ్డిపాము • (gaḍḍipāmu) ? (plural గడ్డిపాములు)
* a species of snake
# ప్రియం
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾijam̃/

### Noun

ప్రియం • (priyaṁ) ? (plural ప్రియాలు)
* Alternative form of ప్రియము (priyamu)
# działką
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʑaw.kɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -awkɔw̃
* Syllabification: dział‧ką

### Noun

działką
* instrumental singular of działka
# horehound
## English
### Alternative forms

* hairhound, hoarhound

### Etymology

From Middle English horehoune, from Old English hārhūne, hārehūne.

### Noun

horehound (countable and uncountable, plural horehounds)
* Any plant of the genus Marrubium.
** especially, a herb of species (Marrubium vulgare, of the mint family, traditionally used as a cough remedy and to make a type of hard candy.
* Any plant of the genus Ballota.

#### Synonyms

* (plant of the genus Marrubium): marrubium
* (Marrubium vulgare): common horehound, white horehound, common hoarhound

#### Derived terms

* black horehound (Ballota nigra)
* common horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
* white horehound (Marrubium vulgare)

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary For the Use of Students - John R. Clark Hall (2nd ed.: 1916)

## Middle English
### Noun

horehound
* Alternative form of horehoune
# buła
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bula.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbu.wa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uwa
* Syllabification: bu‧ła
* Homophone: Buła

### Noun

buła f
* (colloquial) Augmentative of bułka
* (colloquial, derogatory) butterball, fatso
* (petrology) rounded or ovoid rock or concretion
* (colloquial) round object; round mass of something

#### Declension
### Further reading

* buła in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* buła in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbu.wa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uwa
* Syllabification: bu‧ła

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

buła f
* bump, swelling
* blunderer

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

buła f
* lamp
    Synonym: lampa

### Further reading

* buła in silling.org
* Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “buła I”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 48
* Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “buła II”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 48
# Rabiška
## Czech
### Etymology

From Rabiš +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrabɪʃka]

### Proper noun

Rabiška m anim (female equivalent Rabišková)
* a male topographic surname

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Moldanová, Dobrava (2019) Naše příjmení [Our surnames] (in Czech), 5th edition, Prague: Agentura Pankrác, →ISBN, page 151

### Further reading

* “Rabiška”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# Волгін
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Во́лгин (Vólgin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈwɔlʲɦʲin]

### Proper noun

Во́лгін • (Vólhin) m inan (genitive Во́лгіна, nominative plural Во́лгіни, genitive plural Во́лгіних, feminine Во́лгіна)
* a surname, Volhin, from Russian

#### Statistics

* According to ridni.org's 2013 study, Волгін belongs to 291 individuals. Its highest frequency is in Zaporizhzhia.
# 알고리즘
## Korean
### Etymology

Borrowed from English algorithm.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [a̠ɭɡo̞ɾid͡ʑɯm]
* Phonetic hangul: [알고리즘]

### Noun

알고리즘 • (algorijeum)
* algorithm
# మెగ్నీషియం
## Telugu
### Noun

మెగ్నీషియం • (megnīṣiyaṁ) ? (plural మెగ్నీషియాలు)
* Alternative form of మెగ్నీషియము (megnīṣiyamu)
# варилибтесь
## Tundra Nenets
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [wərʲilʲibtʲesʲ(ə̥)]
* Hyphenation: вӑ‧ри‧либ‧тесь

### Verb

вӑрилибтесь • (wăryilyibtyesʹ°) pf (imperfective вӑрилибтембӑсь)
* (intransitive) to run

### References

* N. M. Tereschenko (1965) “вӑрилибте(сь)”, in Ненецко-русский словарь, Moscow: Советская Энциклопедия
* N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “вӑрилибтесь”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
# byzuch
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Besuch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɪ.zux/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪzux
* Syllabification: by‧zuch

### Noun

byzuch m inan
* visit

### Further reading

* byzuch in silling.org
# letter of credence
## English
### Etymology

Calque of French lettre de créance.

### Noun

letter of credence (plural letters of credence)
* (diplomacy) Formal diplomatic letter that appoints a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state.
    Synonym: letters credential

#### Usage notes

* The plural letters of credence is sometimes used as a synonym of the singular.

#### See also

* letter of credit
* letter of recommendation

### Further reading

* “letter of credence”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “letter of credence”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “letters of credence”, in Collins English Dictionary.
# إسكندر
## Arabic
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros). The initial syllable of the original name was lost because it was interpreted as the definite article الْ (al-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔis.kan.dar/
** IPA: /skan.dar/ (dialectal)

### Proper noun

إسْكَنْدَر • (ʔiskandar) m
* a male given name, Iskandar, from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Alexander

#### Related terms

* الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya)

#### Descendants

* → Amharic: እስክንድር (ʾəskəndər)
* → Indonesian: Iskandar
* → Northern Kurdish: Îskenderê
* → Madurese: ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (iskandar)
* → Malay: Iskandar
* → Cheke Holo: Iskandal
* → Classical Persian: اِسْکَنْدَر (iskandar) (see there for further descendants)
# Magallón
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɡaˈʝon/ [ma.ɣ̞aˈʝõn]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /maɡaˈʝon/ [ma.ɣ̞aˈʝõn]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /maɡaˈʎon/ [ma.ɣ̞aˈʎõn]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /maɡaˈʃon/ [ma.ɣ̞aˈʃõn]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /maɡaˈʒon/ [ma.ɣ̞aˈʒõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: Ma‧ga‧llón

### Proper noun

Magallón m or f by sense
* Magallón (a municipality of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain).
* a surname

### Further reading

* Forebears (Spanish)
* Stefano Ravara, Mapa de Apellidos, 2016-2024
# గణించు
## Telugu
### Verb

గణించు • (gaṇiñcu)
* to calculate
# వినయం
## Telugu
### Noun

వినయం • (vinayaṁ) ? (plural వినయాలు)
* Alternative form of వినయము (vinayamu)
# markocić
## Polish
### Etymology

From markotny +‎ -ić.

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Kociewie) IPA: /marˈkɔ.t͡ɕit͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /marˈkɔ.t͡ɕit͡ɕ/
** (Lasovia) IPA: /marˈkɔ.t͡ɕit͡ɕ/

### Verb

markocić impf
* (reflexive with się, Malbork) Synonym of gniewać się [with na (+ accusative) ‘at whom’]
* (reflexive with się, Kielce, Lasovia) Synonym of nudzić się [with na (+ accusative) ‘at whom’]

### Further reading

* Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “markocić”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 746
* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “markocić”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 93
* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “markocić”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 263
# варкатёсь
## Tundra Nenets
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [wʌrkʌtʲɵsʲ(ə̥)]
* Hyphenation: вар‧ка‧тёсь

### Verb

варкатёсь • (warkatyosʹ°) impf
* (intransitive) to be overflown

### References

* N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “варкатёсь”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
# calować
## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German zahlen + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡saˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ca‧lo‧wać

### Verb

calować impf
* (transitive) to pay
    Synonym: płacić

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Bogdan Kallus (2020) “calować”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 256
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “calować”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 97
# bosák
## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈbosaːk/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈbosaːk/

### Noun

bosák m pers
* one who is barefoot

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bosák”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# Chilodonella
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Chilodonella
* A taxonomic genus within the family Chilodonellidae – certain alveolates.
# Gaitán
## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* Gaytán

### Etymology

From the Latin Caiētānus (“inhabitant of Gaeta”). Doublet of Cayetano.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaiˈtan/ [ɡai̯ˈt̪ãn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: Gai‧tán

### Proper noun

Gaitán m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Forebears (Spanish)
* Stefano Ravara, Mapa de Apellidos, 2016-2024
# గణేశ్వరుడు
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* గణేశ్వరుఁడు (gaṇēśvarun̆ḍu)

### Proper noun

గణేశ్వరుడు • (gaṇēśvaruḍu) ?
* (Hinduism) the Hindu god Ganesha
# desiderable
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin dēsīderābilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪˈzɪdəɹəbəl/, /dɪˈzɪdɹəbəl/

### Adjective

desiderable (comparative more desiderable, superlative most desiderable)
* (obsolete) Desirable.
** 1657, Plutarch, “Of the Tranquillity and Contentment of Mind”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophy, Commonly Called, The Morals […], revised edition, London: […] S[arah] G[riffin] for J. Kirton, […], →OCLC, page 124:And moſt men verily are of the ſame nature, who paſſing by good and deſiderable things, which be (as a man would ſay) the pleaſant and potable liquors that they have, betake themſelves to thoſe that be harſh, bad, and unſavoury.

### References

* “desiderable”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# chlyb
## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxlɪp/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪp
* Syllabification: chlyb

### Noun

chlyb m inan
* bread

### Further reading

* chlyb in silling.org
# дмитриевский
## Russian
### Etymology

Дми́трий (Dmítrij) +‎ -ев (-ev) +‎ -ский (-skij)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪ(j)ɪfskʲɪj]

### Adjective

дми́триевский • (dmítrijevskij)
* (relational) Dmitriy, Dmitriy's
# khau
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of khau – see 剾 (“to pare (using knife); to blow; to satirize”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 剾).

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [xaw˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [kʰaw˧˧] ~ [xaw˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kʰa(ː)w˧˧] ~ [xa(ː)w˧˧]

### Noun

khau
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## White Hmong
### Etymology

From Proto-Hmong *khjɔᶜ (“shoes”), possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese 屨 (MC kjuH, “straw sandals”), though the Sinitic form is not aspirated.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰau̯˧/

### Noun

khau (classifier: nkawm (for pairs))
* shoe, shoes; footwear
    rau khau ― to wear shoes

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 93.
* ↑ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 89; 276.
# Nampulá
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Chiapanec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nampuˈla/ [nãm.puˈla]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: Nam‧pu‧lá

### Proper noun

Nampulá m or f by sense
* a surname from Chiapanec

### Further reading

* Forebears (Spanish)
# గతకాలం
## Telugu
### Noun

గతకాలం • (gatakālaṁ) ? (plural only)
* old time, a time in the past
# వ్యవసాయం
## Telugu
### Noun

వ్యవసాయం • (vyavasāyaṁ) ? (plural వ్యవసాయాలు)
* Alternative form of వ్యవసాయము (vyavasāyamu)
# ваторць
## Tundra Nenets
### Etymology

From вато (wato, “promise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [wʌtort͡sʲ(ə̥)]
* Hyphenation: ва‧торць

### Verb

ваторць • (watorcʹ°) pf (imperfective ваторпӑсь)
* (transitive) to promise

### References

* N. M. Tereschenko (1965) “ваторць”, in Ненецко-русский словарь, Moscow: Советская Энциклопедия
* N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “ваторць”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
# gravelled
## English
### Verb

gravelled
* simple past and past participle of gravel

### Adjective

gravelled
* Alternative form of graveled (“covered with gravel”)
** 1942, Emily Carr, “Cemetery”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:There were wide, gravelled driveways among the graves.
** 2004, Gary Lutz, “Uncle”, in Peter Conners, editor, PP/FF: An Anthology, Buffalo, N.Y.: Starcherone Books, published 2006, →ISBN, page 179:I would have to remind her, counteringly, that you don’t pick the person who fronts your life—you get picked, you watch the picker’s ankles vanish into the scrunched socks afterward (his whole body going blank behind the blue-black of the uniform), and the picker goes off in the starkest of transportations: you keep an ear cocked ever after for the return of his van and its paraphernalian clatter in the gravelled driveway.
* Alternative form of graveled (“perplexed, baffled, annoyed”)
** 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:I thought Alan would be gravelled at that, for we lacked the means of writing in that desert.
# trunek
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Trunk. Doublet of dręk and drink.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtru.nɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -unɛk
* Syllabification: tru‧nek

### Noun

trunek m inan
* (literary) alcoholic beverage, intoxicant, liquor, tipple
    Synonym: napitek
** 2016, Hans Fallada, Zmora‎, Wydawnictwo Sonia Draga, archived from the original on 2023-03-14, chapter 3, page 32:Albo też patrzył na nastoletniego przywódcę Hitlerjugend, który razem ze swoją dziewczyną upajał się słodkim trunkiem...Or he might also look at the teenage Hitler Youth leader, who, together with his girlfriend, was getting drunk on a sweet drink...
** 2023 March 2, Izabela Popko, “Zagadka sake: Japończykom się znudziła, na świecie bije rekordy popularności”, in Rzeczpospolita‎, archived from the original on 2023-03-03:Sake, narodowy trunek w Japonii, traci popularność w swojej ojczyźnie.Sake, the national alcoholic drink of Japan, is losing popularity in its homeland.

#### Derived terms

* na frasunek dobry trunek
* trunkowy

### Further reading

* trunek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* trunek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Bastardi
## English
### Proper noun

Bastardi
* A surname from Italian.

## Italian
### Etymology

From bastardo (“bastard”), a nickname given to a child born out of wedlock.

### Proper noun

Bastardi m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the nickname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# గతించు
## Telugu
### Verb

గతించు • (gatiñcu)
* to pass away, elapse
* to die
# సీజియం
## Telugu
### Noun

సీజియం • (sījiyaṁ) ? (plural సీజియాలు)
* Alternative form of సీజియము (sījiyamu)
# bellgirl
## English
### Etymology

From bell +‎ girl.

### Noun

bellgirl (plural bellgirls)
* A female bellhop.
# Ercolani
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Ercolani.

### Proper noun

Ercolani (plural Ercolanis)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Ercolani is the 59171st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 342 individuals. Ercolani is most common among White (95.91%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Ercolani”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 532.

## Italian
### Etymology

From the personal name Ercolano.

### Proper noun

Ercolani m or f by sense
* a surname originating as a patronymic

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025

### Anagrams

* Cornelia, Naclerio, caorline, ciarlone, clonerai, colerina, corneali, creolina, ercolina, lacerino, olecrani
# Chimilas
## English
### Noun

Chimilas
* plural of Chimila
# שיינבוים
## Yiddish
### Etymology

Compound of שיין (sheyn, “beautiful”) +‎ בוים (boym, “tree”). Compare German Schönbaum.

### Pronunciation

* (YIVO) IPA: /ˈʃɛɪ̯nˌbɔɪ̯m/

### Proper noun

שיינבוים • (sheynboym) m
* a surname, equivalent to English Sheinbaum
# గర్జించు
## Telugu
### Verb

గర్జించు • (garjiñcu)
* to roar, to thunder

#### Conjugation

| PAST TENSE | singular | plural |
| 1st person: నేను (nēnu) / మేము (mēmu) | గర్జించాను garjiñcānu | గర్జించాము garjiñcāmu |
| 2nd person: నీవు (nīvu) / మీరు (mīru) | గర్జించావు garjiñcāvu | గర్జించారు garjiñcāru |
| 3rd person m: అతను (atanu) / వారు (vāru) | గర్జించాడు garjiñcāḍu | గర్జించారు garjiñcāru |
| 3rd person f: ఆమె (āme) / వారు (vāru) | గర్జించింది garjiñcindi | గర్జించారు garjiñcāru |
| 3rd person n: అది (adi) / అవి (avi) | గర్జించింది garjiñcindi | గర్జించారు garjiñcāru |
# ఆధారం
## Telugu
### Noun

ఆధారం • (ādhāraṁ) ? (plural ఆధారాలు)
* Alternative form of ఆధారము (ādhāramu)
# Burkwood viburnums
## English
### Noun

Burkwood viburnums
* plural of Burkwood viburnum
# miętka
## Polish
### Etymology

From mięta +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈmjɛnt.ka/

### Noun

miętka f
* (Lasovia) diminutive of mięta

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “miętka”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 263