# 리

(see above for verbal suffixes)
| 리 | U+B9AC, &#47532; HANGUL SYLLABLE RI |
| Composition: | ㄹ + ㅣ |
| ← 릫 [U+B9AB] | Hangul Syllables | 릭 → [U+B9AD] |
리릭릮릯린릱릲 릳릴릵릶릷릸릹 릺릻림립릾릿맀 링맂맃맄맅맆맇 :
| 릐 ← | → 마 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 理 (“reason; logic”).

#### Pronunciation 1

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [리]

##### Dependent noun

리 • (ri) (hanja 理)
* (usually in the negative or the interrogative) way, reason, sense
    그럴 리가 없다. ― Geureol ri-ga eopda. ― That can't be true.
    주인공이 죽을 리가 있겠냐? ― ju'in'gong-i jugeul ri-ga itgennya? ― How does it make sense for the main character to die?
** 1908, 이인직 [iinjik], 雉(치)岳(악)山(산), volume I, page 32:ᄀᆡ화ᄒᆞᆫ 아들 잇것다 ᄀᆡ화ᄒᆞᆫ 며누리 잇것다 집이 잘 되지 망ᄒᆞᆯ 리가 있소gaehwa-han adeul itgeotda gaehwa-han myeonuri itgeotda jib-i jal doeji mang-hal ri-ga itsoWe have a Westernized son, we have a Westernized daughter-in-law; of course our family will do well, how on earth could it go to ruin?

#### Related terms

* 이유 (iyu, “reason”)
* 논리 (nolli, “logic”)

#### Pronunciation 2

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾi(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [리(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

##### Noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 이/리(理) (i/ri) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 리(理) (ri) |
리 • (ri) (hanja 理)
* (East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos
    Coordinate term: 기(氣) (gi, vital force engendering the cosmos)

###### Usage notes

* In the case of this specific word, the 리 (ri) pronunciation is common even in South Korea. The reason may be to avoid homophony with other Chinese characters, given the context of East Asian philosophy where single-character Chinese terms are common.

###### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 理 for Sino-Korean compounds of 리 (理, ri).

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 里 (“village; unit of distance”).

#### Noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 이/리(里) (i/ri) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 리(里) (ri) |
리 • (ri) (hanja 里)
* (government) village; a Korean administrative division covering a small settlement and its surrounding hinterland.

##### Usage notes

* 이(里) (i) is the prescriptive form in the South Korean standard, but 리(里) (ri) is more common.

##### Coordinate terms

* 구(區) (gu)
* 군(郡) (gun)
* 도(道) (do)
* 동(洞) (dong)
* 리(里) (ri)
* 면(面) (myeon)
* 시(市) (si)
* 읍(邑) (eup)

#### Counter

리 • (ri) (hanja 里)
* li; East Asian unit of distance (traditionally around 393 metres in Korea)

#### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 里 for Sino-Korean compounds of 리 (里, ri).

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾi(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [리(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Proper noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 이(李) (I) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 리(李) (Ri) |
리 • (Ri) (hanja 李)
* North Korea standard form of 이(李) (I, “Lee”, the second most common Korean surname).

##### Usage notes

* Most South Koreans romanize it as "Lee", but in North Korea the common romanization is "Ri".

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 裏/裡 (“inside”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [리]

#### Suffix

—리 • (-ri) (hanja 裏/裡)
* inside, within, inner

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 裏 for Sino-Korean compounds of 리 (裏, ri).

### Etymology 5

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, when preceded by another character in a compound. When used as the first character of a compound or in isolation, they are pronounced as 이 (i).
Following a language reform in the mid-twentieth century, North Koreans always read them as 리 (ri) in any position, but this was not standard before the division of Korea.

#### Syllable

리 • (ri)
* (South Korea) 里: town
    (eumhun reading: 마을 리 (ma'eul ri)) (MC reading: 里 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 理: rule
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 리 (daseuril ri)) (MC reading: 理 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 利: benefit
    (eumhun reading: 이로울 리 (iroul ri)) (MC reading: 利 (MC lijH))
* (South Korea) 梨: pear tree
    (eumhun reading: 배나무 리 (baenamu ri)) (MC reading: 梨 (MC lij))
* (South Korea) 李: plum tree
    (eumhun reading: 오얏나무 리 (oyannamu ri)) (MC reading: 李 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 吏: petty official
    (eumhun reading: 아전 리 (ajeon ri)) (MC reading: 吏 (MC liH))
* (South Korea) 離: leave
    (eumhun reading: 떠날 리 (tteonal ri)) (MC reading: 離 (MC lje|ljeH|lejH))
* (South Korea) 裏: inside
    (eumhun reading: 속 리 (sok ri)) (MC reading: 裏 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 履: trample, step on
    (eumhun reading: 밟을 리 (balbeul ri)) (MC reading: 履 (MC lijX))
* (South Korea) 俚: vulgar
    (eumhun reading: 속될 리 (sokdoel ri)) (MC reading: 俚 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 莉: jasmine
    (eumhun reading: 말리 리 (malli ri)) (MC reading: 莉 (MC drij|dri|lej))
* (South Korea) 璃: glass
    (eumhun reading: 유리 리 (yuri ri)) (MC reading: 璃 (MC lje))
* (South Korea) 俐: clever
    (eumhun reading: 똑똑할 리 (ttokttokhal ri)) (MC reading: 俐)
* (South Korea) 唎: thin voice
    (eumhun reading: 가는 소리 리 (ganeun sori ri)) (MC reading: 唎)
* (South Korea) 浬: nautical mile
    (eumhun reading: 해리 리 (haeri ri)) (MC reading: 浬)
* (South Korea) 狸: wild cat
    (eumhun reading: 삵 리 (sak ri)) (MC reading: 狸 (MC li))
* (South Korea) 痢: diarrhea
    (eumhun reading: 설사 리 (seolsa ri)) (MC reading: 痢 (MC lijH))
* (South Korea) 籬: fence
    (eumhun reading: 울타리 리 (ultari ri)) (MC reading: 籬 (MC lje))
* (South Korea) 罹: fall ill, get sick
    (eumhun reading: 걸릴 리 (geollil ri)) (MC reading: 罹 (MC lje))
* (South Korea) 羸: ashen
    (eumhun reading: 파리할 리 (parihal ri)) (MC reading: 羸 (MC ljwe))
* (South Korea) 釐: ruling
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 리 (daseuril ri)) (MC reading: 釐 (MC li))
* (South Korea) 鯉: carp
    (eumhun reading: 잉어 리 (ing'eo ri)) (MC reading: 鯉 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 涖: reach
    (eumhun reading: 다다를 리 (dadareul ri)) (MC reading: 涖 (MC lijH|lejH))
* (South Korea) 𢻠: upright
    (eumhun reading: 바르다 리 (bareuda ri)) (MC reading: 𢻠)
* (South Korea) 犂: plow
    (eumhun reading: 밭 갈 리 (bat gal ri)) (MC reading: 犂 (MC lij))
* (South Korea) 摛: spread
    (eumhun reading: 퍼질 리 (peojil ri)) (MC reading: 摛 (MC trhje))
* (South Korea) 剺: peel
    (eumhun reading: 벗길 리 (beotgil ri)) (MC reading: 剺 (MC li))
* (South Korea) 哩: a particle
    (eumhun reading: 어조사 리 (eojosa ri)) (MC reading: 哩)
* (South Korea) 嫠: widow
    (eumhun reading: 과부 리 (gwabu ri)) (MC reading: 嫠 (MC li))
* (South Korea) 莅: reach
    (eumhun reading: 다다를 리 (dadareul ri)) (MC reading: 莅 (MC lijH))
* (South Korea) 蜊: clam
    (eumhun reading: 참조개 리 (chamjogae ri)) (MC reading: 蜊 (MC lij))
* (South Korea) 螭: hornless dragon
    (eumhun reading: 교룡 리 (gyoryong ri)) (MC reading: 螭 (MC trhje))
* (South Korea) 貍: lynx
    (eumhun reading: 삵 리 (sak ri)) (MC reading: 貍 (MC li))
* (South Korea) 邐: connect
    (eumhun reading: 이어질 리 (ieojil ri)) (MC reading: 邐 (MC ljeX))
* (South Korea) 魑: goblin
    (eumhun reading: 도깨비 리 (dokkaebi ri)) (MC reading: 魑 (MC trhje))
* (South Korea) 黐: flypaper
    (eumhun reading: 끈끈이 리 (kkeunkkeuni ri)) (MC reading: 黐 (MC lje|trhje))
* (South Korea) 漓: to permeate
    (eumhun reading: 스며들 리 (seumyeodeul ri)) (MC reading: 漓 (MC lje))
* (South Korea) 裡: Alternative form of 裏
    (MC reading: 裡 (MC liX))
* (South Korea) 离: Alternative form of 離
    (MC reading: 离 (MC lje|trhje))
* (South Korea) 悧: Alternative form of 俐
    (MC reading: 悧)
* (South Korea) 厘: Alternative form of 釐
    (MC reading: 厘)
* (South Korea) 犁: Alternative form of 犂
    (MC reading: 犁 (MC lej))

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 14.
* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.