# लवण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लवण (lavaṇa). Doublet of लोन (lon).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /lə.ʋəɳ/, [lɐ.ʋɐ̃ɳ]

### Noun

लवण • (lavaṇ) m (formal)
* salt
    Synonyms: नमक (namak), लोन (lon)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* লৱণ (Assamese script)
* ᬮᬯᬡ (Balinese script)
* লবণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰩𑰪𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀮𑀯𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* လဝဏ (Burmese script)
* લવણ (Gujarati script)
* ਲਵਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌲𑌵𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦭꦮꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂪𑂫𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಲವಣ (Kannada script)
* លវណ (Khmer script)
* ລວຓ (Lao script)
* ലവണ (Malayalam script)
* ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘩𑘪𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧉𑧊𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐮𑐰𑐞 (Newa script)
* ଲଵଣ (Odia script)
* ꢭꢮꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆬𑆮𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖩𑖪𑖜 (Siddham script)
* ලවණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩽𑩾𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚥𑚦𑚘 (Takri script)
* லவண (Tamil script)
* లవణ (Telugu script)
* ลวณ (Thai script)
* ལ་ཝ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒪𑒫𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨬𑨭𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Uncertain. The meanings of both "salt" and "beauty" are also found in other languages; Lithuanian saldus (“sweet, charming”) is derived from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Buck compares लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), originally "something cutting, sharp," from the root लू (lū, “to cut”), but this is dismissed as "forced" by Cai. Palsule compares रमण (ramaṇa, “pleasing, charming”), but Mayrhofer finds this unconvincing.
Kreidl (2024) suggests a connection with Prasuni uẓnug, deriving it from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawanám.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /lɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /l̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/

### Noun

लवण • (lavaṇa) stem, n
* salt (e.g. sea salt, rock salt, etc.)
** c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.12.34:अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥atoanyo lavaṇa-kṣāra-vargaḥ śulkaṃ dadyāt.Translation by R. ShamasastrySalt and alkalines for purposes other than this shall be subject to the payment of toll.
* beauty, lustre

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### Noun

लवण • (lavaṇa) stem, m
* saltiness, salinity
* saltwater sea
* name of a river

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### Adjective

लवण • (lavaṇa) stem
* salty, saline

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Assamese: লোণ (lün)
* Bengali: লোন (lōn), লুন (lun), নুন (nun)
* Kalasha: ḷọ̃
* Magahi: 𑂢𑂴𑂢 (nūn)
* Odia: ଲୁଣ (luṇa)
* Pali: loṇa
* Phalura: lhoóṇ
* Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਲੂਣ (lūṇ)
    Shahmukhi script: لُوݨ (lūṇ)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀡 (loṇa)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: लोन (lon)
    Urdu: لون (lon), لُون (lūn), نون (non), نُوں (nū̃)
** Old Gujarati: लूण (lūṇa)
*** Gujarati: લૂણ (lūṇ)
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਲੂਣ (lūṇ)
    Shahmukhi script: لُوݨ (lūṇ), نُوݨ (nūṇ)
** Romani: lon
* Sinhalese: ලුණු (luṇu)
* Torwali: لن
* → Bengali: লবণ (lobon) (learned)
* → Hindi: लवण (lavaṇ) (learned)
* → Tamil: லவணம் (lavaṇam) (learned)
* → Telugu: లవణము (lavaṇamu) (learned)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “lavaṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 637
* Monier Williams (1899) “लवण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 898.
* ↑ The British Journal of Psychology. (1905). United Kingdom: University Press, p. 119
* ↑ Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties. (2004). United States: University of Hawai'i Press, p. 118