# 鮭

| 鮭 | U+9BAD, &#39853; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAD |
| ← 鮬 [U+9BAC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鮮 → [U+9BAE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鮭 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火土土 (NFGG), four-corner 2431$_4$, composition ⿰魚圭)

#### Derived characters

* 𫊒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1470, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46132
* Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4684, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9BAD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
| 蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
| 蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
| 窪 | *qʷraː |
| 卦 | *kʷreːs |
| 挂 | *kʷreːs |
| 掛 | *kʷreːs |
| 詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
| 罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
| 絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
| 圭 | *kʷeː |
| 珪 | *kʷeː |
| 邽 | *kʷeː |
| 閨 | *kʷeː |
| 袿 | *kʷeː |
| 窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
| 茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 桂 | *kʷeːs |
| 筀 | *kʷeːs |
| 奎 | *kʰʷeː |
| 刲 | *kʰʷeː |
| 蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
| 楏 | *kʰʷeː |
| 睳 | *qʰʷeː |
| 畦 | *ɡʷeː |
| 眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
| 烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 恚 | *qʷes |
| 硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guī (gui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kôe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guei
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^1$
*** Yale: gwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^1$
*** Yale: gwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ke¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kôe
*** Tâi-lô: kuê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kue²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kue²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kue²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²³/
* Middle Chinese: kwej
Rime :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古攜切 |
| Baxter | kwej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kwei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /kuei/ |
| Wang Li | /kiwei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiwei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷeː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 4575 |
| Phonetic component | 圭 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 圭 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷeː/ |
| Notes | 見山海經論衡 |

#### Definitions

鮭
* blowfish
* salmon

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鮭, 鮭魚 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 鮭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鮭魚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 三文魚 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 三文魚 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鮭魚 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鮭魚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 鮭魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 紅鰱魚, 三文魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鮭魚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 紅鰱魚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 三文魚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 三文魚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 三文魚 |

#### Compounds

* 大西洋鮭 / 大西洋鲑
* 紅點鮭 / 红点鲑 (hóngdiǎnguī)
* 鮭目 / 鲑目
* 鮭菜 / 鲑菜
* 鮭魚 / 鲑鱼 (guīyú)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xié (xie$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sié
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hea
Rime :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸佳切 |
| Baxter | hea |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣæi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣai/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣai/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 4533 |
| Phonetic component | 圭 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㥟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreː/ |
| Notes | 說文作膎 |

#### Definitions

鮭
* general name for fish foods

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuí (kui$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuei$^2$
*** Yale: kwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
*** Palladius: куй (kuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khwej
Rime :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦圭切 |
| Baxter | khwej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰwei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuei/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiwei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiwei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮭 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 4585 |
| Phonetic component | 圭 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 睽 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷeː/ |
| Notes | 漢姓 |

#### Definitions

鮭
* Only used in 鮭陽／鲑阳.

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wā (wa$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wā
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wa
*** Wade–Giles: wa$^1$
*** Yale: wā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
*** Palladius: ва (va)
*** Sinological IPA : /wä⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

鮭
* Only used in 鮭蠪／鲑𰲴.

### Pronunciation 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鮭 – see 觟. (This character is a variant form of 觟).

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “鲑”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 201.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* chum salmon

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)、げ (ge)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)、けい (kei)
* Kun: さけ (sake, 鮭)、しゃけ (shake, 鮭)、ふぐ (fugu, 鮭)

#### Compounds

* 入(い)れ子鮭(こざけ) (irekozake), 内子鮭(いれこざけ) (irekozake)
* 乾鮭(からざけ) (karazake)
* 銀鮭(ぎんざけ) (ginzake)
* 鮭鱒(けいそん) (keison, “salmons and trouts”)
* 子籠(こご)もり鮭(ざけ) (kogomorizake)
* 塩鮭(しおざけ) (shiozake)
* 塩鮭(しおじゃけ) (shiojake)
* 白鮭(しろざけ) (shirozake)
* 大西洋鮭(たいせいようさけ) (taiseiyōsake, “Atlantic salmon”)
* 時鮭(ときざけ) (tokizake)
* 生鮭(なまざけ) (namazake)
* 紅鮭(べにざけ) (benizake)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鮭
* さけ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鮏
Originally borrowed from Ainu サㇰイベ (sak ibe, “salmon”, literally “summer + eat”, in reference to how the fish would be caught and eaten in the summer), or possible alternative unattested compound *サㇰエㇷ゚ (sak ep, literally “summer + food”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さけ [sáꜜkè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠ke̞]

#### Noun

鮭(さけ) or 鮭(サケ) • (sake)
* a chum salmon

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サケ.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鮭
* しゃけ Hyōgai
Probably a sound shift from the sake reading, possibly to help differentiate from 酒 (sake, “alcoholic beverage”). Alternatively, might be a borrowing from a different dialect of Ainu.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃけ [sháꜜkè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕa̠ke̞]

#### Noun

鮭(しゃけ) or 鮭(シャケ) • (shake)
* a chum salmon

### References

* 1 2 “さけ 【鮭・鮏】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ 2005, 日本語源大辞典 (Nihon Gogen Daijiten) (in Japanese), →ISBN, quoted in this 2005 blog post
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鮭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鮭: Hán Nôm readings: khuê, khoai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.