# 駱駝
## Chinese

* 駱駝 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 駱駝 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

See 橐駝／橐驼 (tuótuó)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): luòtuo
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄊㄨㄛ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): no$^2$ to$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): луәтуә (luətuə, I-I) / луәтуә (luətuə, III-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lok$^3$ to$^4$ / lok$^6$ to$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lok$^2$ ho$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'loh$^6$ to$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-thò
    (Hailu, HRS): log$^ˋ$ to
    (Meixian, Guangdong): log$^6$ to$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): le$^3$ tue$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǒ̤-dǒ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): lŏk-dò̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-tô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): loh$^8$ toh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$loq-du
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lo$^6$ do$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luòtuo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄊㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luòtuo̊
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^4$-tʻo$^5$
*** Yale: lwò-two
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh.tuo
*** Palladius: лото (loto)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: no$^2$ to$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: loto
*** Sinological IPA : /no²¹ tʰo²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: луәтуә (luətuə, I-I) / луәтуә (luətuə, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /luə²⁴ tʰuə²⁴/, /luə⁴⁴ tʰuə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^3$ to$^4$ / lok$^6$ to$^4$
*** Yale: lok tòh / lohk tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^8$ to$^4$ / lok$^9$ to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^3$ to$^4$ / log$^6$ to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚³ tʰɔː²¹/, /lɔːk̚² tʰɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lok$^2$ ho$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔk̚⁵⁵ hᵘɔ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'loh$^6$ to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈlɔʔ⁵ tʰo²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-thò
*** Hakka Romanization System: log to$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: log$^6$ to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ tʰo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: log$^ˋ$ to
*** Sinological IPA: /lok² tʰo⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: log$^6$ to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lɔk̚⁵ tʰo¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: le$^3$ tue$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɤ⁴⁵ tʰuɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǒ̤-dǒ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔ²¹ tɔ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lŏk-dò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ to⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-tô
*** Tâi-lô: lo̍k-tô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: logdooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² to²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: loh$^8$ toh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍h tho̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /loʔ⁴⁻² tʰoʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$loq-du
*** MiniDict: loh$^入$ du
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$loq-du
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹¹ du²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: lo$^6$ do$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lo²⁴ to¹³/
* Middle Chinese: lak da
Rime :
| Character | 駱 | 駝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 盧各切 | 徒河切 |
| Baxter | lak | da |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑk̚/ | /dɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑk̚/ | /dɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑk̚/ | /dɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lak̚/ | /da/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑk̚/ | /dɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑk̚/ | /dɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑk̚/ | /dʱɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luò | tuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lok$^6$ | to$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ l'aːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 駱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | luò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁak/ |
| English | white horse with black mane |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 駱 | 駝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3867 | 12214 |
| Phonetic component | 各 | 它 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 落 | 駝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːɡ/ | /*l'aːl/ |

### Noun

駱駝
* camel (beast of burden) (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)

#### Synonyms

* (figurative) 沙漠之舟 (shāmò zhī zhōu)

#### Derived terms

* 單峰駱駝 / 单峰骆驼 (dānfēng luòtuo)
* 壓倒駱駝的最後一根草 / 压倒骆驼的最后一根草 (yādǎo luòtuo de zuìhòu yī gēn cǎo)
* 拉駱駝 / 拉骆驼
* 瘦死的駱駝比馬大 / 瘦死的骆驼比马大 (shòu sǐ de luòtuo bǐ mǎ dà)
* 羊群裡跑出駱駝來 / 羊群里跑出骆驼来
* 雙峰駱駝 / 双峰骆驼 (shuāngfēng luòtuo)
* 駱駝絨 / 骆驼绒

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 駱(らく)駝(だ) (rakuda)
* → Korean: 락타(駱駝) (rakta), 낙타(駱駝) (nakta)
* → Vietnamese: lạc đà (駱駝)
Others:
* → Bouyei: loftof
* →? Middle Korean: 약〯대〮 (yǎktáy, “camel”)
** Korean: 약대 (yakdae, “camel”) (archaic)
* → Thai: โลโต (loo-dtoo)
* → Zhuang: lozdoz

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 駱 | 駝 |
| らく Hyōgai | だ Hyōgai |
| goon ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 駱駝 (MC lak da).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) らくだ [ràkúdá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾa̠kɯ̟da̠]

### Noun

駱(らく)駝(だ) or 駱駝(ラクダ) • (rakuda)
* a camel (beast of burden)
** 1985, Haruki Murakami, 世界の終りとハードボイルド・ワンダーランド [Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World], page 12:
    ラクダを三(さん)頭(とう)と中(ちゅう)型(がた)のやしの木(き)を一(いっ)本(ぽん)入(い)れることだってできるかもしれない。
       Rakuda o santō to chūgata no yashi no ki o ippon ireru koto datte dekiru ka mo shirenai.
       You might even be able to put in a mid-size palm tree and three camels.

### See also

* (camelids) ラクダ科(か) (Rakuda-ka, “Camelidae”); アルパカ (arupaka, “alpaca”), グアナコ (guanako, “guanaco”), ビクーニャ (bikūnya, “vicuna”), 駱(ラク)駝(ダ) (rakuda, “camel”) (一(ヒト)瘤(コブ)駱(ラク)駝(ダ) (hitokobu rakuda, “dromedary”), 二(フタ)瘤(コブ)駱(ラク)駝(ダ) (futakobu rakuda, “Bactrian camel”)), リャマ (ryama, “llama”)
* らくだ色

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 駱 | 駝 |

### Noun

駱駝 • (rakta) (hangeul 락타)
* hanja form of 락타 (“(North Korea) camel”)

### Noun

駱駝 • (nakta) (hangeul 낙타)
* hanja form of 낙타 (“(South Korea) camel”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 駱 | 駝 |

### Noun

駱駝
* chữ Hán form of lạc đà (“camelid”).