# jpt
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) +‎ -t.

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈjapjVt/ → /ˈjapjVʔ/ → /ˈʔajpa/ → /ˈʔajpə/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈjapjVt/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈjapjVʔ/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔajpa/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔajpə/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ipɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: ipet

#### Noun

f
* oipe, a dry measure of volume equivalent to 4 ḥqꜣwt (about 19.2 litres or 0.54 bushels) [since the 18th Dynasty]
    ― m jpt ― in units of an oipe, in oipes
* vessel for measuring oipes
    ― jpt šbn ― oipe-vessels of various sizes

##### Alternative forms

| jpt | jpt |
| | [New Kingdom] |
| | in hieratic |

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jpy.t, jpy, jp.t
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲉⲓⲡⲉ (aeipe)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲓⲡⲓ (ōipi)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲡⲓ (aipi), ⲁⲓⲡⲉ (aipe)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲡⲉ (oeipe), ⲟⲓⲡⲉ (oipe), ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ (eiope)
*** → Arabic: وَيْبَة (wayba)
**** Maltese: wejba
** → Ancient Greek: οἰφί (oiphí), ἴφι (íphi)
* → Hebrew: אֵיפָה (ʾêp̄â)

### Etymology 2

From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) +‎ -t; as shown by the Coptic descendants, the construction is not the same as in the term of measurement above.

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈjuːpVt/ → /ˈjuːpVʔ/ → /ˈʔuːpa/ → /ˈʔeːpə/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈjuːpVt/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈjuːpVʔ/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔuːpa/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔeːpə/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ipɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: ipet

#### Noun

f
* count, enumeration
* census
* accounting, reckoning, weighing up of accounts (literal or figurative) (+ ḥnꜥ: with)
** c. 2112–2063 BCE, reign of Intef II, Stele of Tjetji (British Museum EA 614), line 11:
    jw jr.n(.j) mẖꜣ n nwt(.j) zḥyt r šms nb jpt ḥnꜥ wrw tr nb n(j) sšm hꜣbI made a marsh-boat for my city, a booth-boat for every service: the accounting with the nobles, and every occasion of a task or mission.
* number, quantity (of something)

##### Alternative forms

| jpj | jp |
| [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jp, jp.t, jpy.t
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲓ (ēpi)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲓ (ēpi), ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe), ⲏⲏⲡⲉ (ēēpe)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe), ⲏⲏⲡⲉ (ēēpe)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ipɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: ipet

#### Noun

f
* inner or private chamber of a building in general
* women’s apartments, gynaeceum, harem [since the Old Kingdom]
* inner sanctum of a temple

##### Alternative forms

| jpt | jpt | jpꜣ | jpꜣ | jpꜣt |
| | [Old Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] |
| jpt | jpt | jpt | jpt | jpt |
| [Second Intermediate Period] | [18th Dynasty] | [18th Dynasty] | [since the 19th Dynasty] | [since the 19th Dynasty] |
| from Papyrus Westcar |

##### Derived terms

* jpt-nswt
* jpt-swt

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jpy, jp

#### Proper noun

f
* the temple of Luxor
    Synonym: jpt-rst

##### Alternative forms

| jpt | jpt |

##### Derived terms

* jpt-rst
* jmn-jpt
* jmn-m-jpt
* pꜣ-n-jpt
* ḫntj-jpt.f

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jpy
** → Ancient Greek: Ἀπις (Apis)
** ⇒ Demotic: tꜣ-jpy
*** → Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι (Thêbai)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲡⲉ (ape)
*** ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲁⲡⲉ (pape)

#### Proper noun

f
* the goddess Ipet

##### Alternative forms

jpt :

##### Derived terms

* jpt-wrt
* jpt-ḥmt

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jp.t

### Etymology 4

Probably shortened from the fuller form jpt-ḥmt(.s); see that entry for further details.

#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ipɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: ipet

#### Proper noun

f
* the month of Epeiph
    Synonyms: jpt-ḥmt, jpj-jpj
* the festival of Epiphi, taking place on the first or second day of the next month, Mesore [18th Dynasty and Greco-Roman Period]
    Synonyms: jpt-ḥmt, jpj-jpj

##### Alternative forms

| jpj | jpj |
| [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| as a festival | as a festival |

##### Coordinate terms

* tḫj
* mnḫt
* ẖnt-ḥwt-ḥr
* nḥb-kꜣw
* šf-bdt
* rkḥ-ꜥꜣ
* rkḥ-nḏs
* rnn-wtt
* ḫnsw
* ḫnt-ẖty-prtj
* jpt-ḥmt
* wp-rnpt

##### Derived terms

* jpj-jpj

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed Late Egyptian) IPA: /ʔaˈpat/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ipɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: ipet

#### Noun

f
* cup [Kushite and Greco-Roman Periods]

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jpt
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲫⲟⲧ (aphot)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲡⲁⲧ (apat)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲡⲟⲧ (apot)

### References

* “jp.t (lemma ID 24120)”, “jp.t (lemma ID 24110)”, “jp.t (lemma ID 24140)”, “jp.t (lemma ID 24130)”, “Jp.t (lemma ID 24160)”, “Jp.t (lemma ID 24170)”, “Jp.t (lemma ID 24150)”, and “jpt (lemma ID 24480)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66.22–66.24, 67.6–67.12, 67.13–68.7, 68.11, 68.15–68.16, 69.17
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 16–17
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 106.
* “Apis (Luxor)” at Trismegistos (TM Geo 2985)
* ↑ Osing, Jürgen (1976) Die Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen, Mainz/Rhein: von Zabern, →ISBN, page 186