# तीर
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t̪iːɾ/
* Rhymes: -iːɾ

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)
* shore
* bank
* margin
* brink
* edge

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

#### Proper noun

तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)
* (rare) Tir (fourth solar month of the Persian calendar)
* (rare) Mercury (planet)
    Synonym: बुध (budh)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)
* arrow
    Synonym: बाण (bāṇ)
* beam
* pole

##### Declension
## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪iɾ/, [t̪iːɾ]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra, “bank”), through Old Marathi 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (tīra, “bank”).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīr) m
* bank (of a river)
    Synonyms: काठ (kāṭh), किनारा (kinārā)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīr) m
* arrow
    Synonyms: ( most common) बाण (bāṇ), शर (śar)

##### Declension
### See also

* धनुष्य (dhanuṣya, “bow”)
* भाता (bhātā, “quiver”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “तीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “तीर”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “तीर”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Marwari
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

#### Noun

तीर (tīr) ?
* shore
* bank

### Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

#### Noun

तीर (tīr) ?
* arrow

#### References

* Bhanwar, Lal Suthar, Gahlot, Sukhveer Singh (1998) राजस्थानी-हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी कोश [rājasthānī-hindī-aṅgrejī koś, Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary] (in Hindi), Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press), page 155

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪iɾʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: तिर्

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīra)
* bank; edge of a river
    Synonym: किनार (kinār)
* shore, beach
    Synonym: तट (taṭ)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīra)
* arrow
    Synonyms: बाण (bāṇ), काँड (kā̃ḍ)

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* ↑ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* tīra (Latin script)
* 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* তীর (Bengali script)
* තීර (Sinhalese script)
* တီရ or တဳရ (Burmese script)
* ตีร or ตีระ (Thai script)
* ᨲᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ຕີຣ or ຕີຣະ (Lao script)
* តីរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄖𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Noun

तीर n
* Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* তীৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬢᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
* তীর (Bengali script)
* 𑰝𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* တီရ (Burmese script)
* તીર (Gujarati script)
* ਤੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌤𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦠꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂞𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ತೀರ (Kannada script)
* តីរ (Khmer script)
* ຕີຣ (Lao script)
* തീര (Malayalam script)
* ᢠᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦽𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐟𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
* ତୀର (Odia script)
* ꢡꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆠𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖝𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
* තීර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚙𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
* தீர (Tamil script)
* తీర (Telugu script)
* ตีร (Thai script)
* ཏཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒞𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /tiː.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt̪iː.ɾɐ/

### Etymology 1

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).
An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ). Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.

#### Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n
* beach, shore
* bank of a water body
* the brim of a vessel

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

##### Descendants

* Marwari: तीर (tīr)
* Bengali: তীর (tir)
* Telugu: తీరము (tīramu) / తీరం (tīraṁ)

### Etymology 2

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

#### Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, m
* tin

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n
* a kind of arrow

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “tī́ra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 649-50
* ↑ Kittel, F. (1894). A Kannada-English Dictionary. India: Basel mission book and tract depository, p. XXVII
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “tīra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 247

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “तीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449/1.