# 陶

| 陶 | U+9676, &#38518; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9676 |
| ← 陵 [U+9675] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 陷 → [U+9677] |

## Translingual
### Han character

陶 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中心人山 (NLPOU), four-corner 7722$_0$, composition ⿰阝匋)

#### Derived characters

* 𭲏, 𬞌, 𩍂, 𡒘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41705
* Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4139, character 5
* Unihan data for U+9676

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 陶 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 掏 | *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː |
| 蜪 | *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː |
| 陶 | *bl'uː, *luː |
| 萄 | *l'uː |
| 啕 | *l'uː |
| 淘 | *l'uː |
| 騊 | *l'uː |
| 匋 | *bl'uː |
| 祹 | *l'uː |
| 綯 | *l'uː |
In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 阜 (“mound of dirt”) + 勹 (“two people”) + 土 (“earth”) – "to dig", original character of 掏. The shapes beneath the outermost 勹 were corrupted in bamboo slips, arriving at the modern form 缶 in seal script.
Now a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bl'uː, *luː) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 阝 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː, “make pottery”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): táo (tao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tou$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hau$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tau$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thò
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): dǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): dò̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tô / tô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tao$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$dau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táo
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^2$
*** Yale: táu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
*** Palladius: тао (tao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$
*** Yale: tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hau²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
*** Hakka Romanization System: to$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /tau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /to⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
*** Tâi-lô: tô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /to²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$dau
*** MiniDict: dau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$dau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: daw
Rime :
| Character | 陶 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒刀切 |
| Baxter | daw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daw/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bl'uː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 陶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12363 |
| Phonetic component | 匋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陶 |
| Old Chinese | /*bl'uː/ |

#### Definitions

陶
* pottery; ceramics
* to make pottery
* to cultivate; to educate; to mould
* contented; happy
* a surname
    陶行知 ― Táo Xíngzhī ― Tao Xingzhi (renowned Chinese educator and reformer)
    陶家嶺村／陶家岭村 ― Táojiālǐng Cūn ― Taojialing (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

#### Compounds

* 交趾陶
* 奧陶紀 / 奥陶纪 (Àotáo Jì)
* 富埒陶白
* 富比陶衛 / 富比陶卫
* 彩陶 (cǎitáo)
* 彩陶文化
* 樂樂陶陶 / 乐乐陶陶
* 樂陶陶 / 乐陶陶 (lètáotáo)
* 灰陶
* 熏陶 (xūntáo)
* 甄陶 (zhēntáo)
* 白陶 (báitáo)
* 白陶罍
* 立陶宛 (Lìtáowǎn)
* 粗陶
* 精密陶瓷
* 紅陶 / 红陶
* 紫砂陶
* 綠釉陶 / 绿釉陶
* 繪彩陶 / 绘彩陶
* 自我陶醉
* 薰陶 (xūntáo)
* 赤土陶器 (chì tǔ táoqì)
* 遣興陶情 / 遣兴陶情
* 金屬陶瓷 / 金属陶瓷
* 鈞陶 / 钧陶
* 阿克陶 (Ākètáo)
* 陶侃運甓 / 陶侃运甓
* 陶俑 (táoyǒng)
* 陶偶
* 陶兀
* 陶冶 (táoyě)
* 陶劉 / 陶刘 (Táoliú)
* 陶化
* 陶匠 (táojiàng)
* 陶唐
* 陶唐氏
* 陶器 (táoqì)
* 陶器婚
* 陶土 (táotǔ, “potter's clay”)
* 陶土製品 / 陶土制品
* 陶城 (Táochéng)
* 陶場 / 陶场 (Táochǎng)
* 陶塑 (táosù)
* 陶家嶺 / 陶家岭 (Táojiālǐng)
* 陶家河 (Táojiāhé)
* 陶寫 / 陶写
* 陶工 (táogōng, “potter”)
* 陶店 (Táodiàn)
* 陶庵夢憶 / 陶庵梦忆
* 陶成
* 陶文 (táowén)
* 陶染
* 陶業 / 陶业
* 陶泓
* 陶港 (Táogǎng)
* 陶潛三徑 / 陶潜三径
* 陶潛五柳 / 陶潜五柳
* 陶然 (táorán)
* 陶然亭 (Táorántíng)
* 陶然自得
* 陶犬瓦雞 / 陶犬瓦鸡
* 陶猗
* 陶猗之富
* 陶瓷 (táocí)
* 陶瓷器 (táocíqì)
* 陶瓷工 (táocígōng)
* 陶瓷材料
* 陶甄
* 陶真 (táozhēn)
* 陶石
* 陶硯 / 陶砚
* 陶笵
* 陶笛 (táodí)
* 陶笵法
* 陶藝 / 陶艺 (táoyì)
* 陶醉 (táozuì)
* 陶鈞 / 陶钧 (táojūn)
* 陶鎔 / 陶镕
* 陶鎔鼓鑄 / 陶镕鼓铸
* 陶鑄 / 陶铸
* 陶陶
* 陶陶兀兀
* 陶養 / 陶养
* 鬱陶 / 郁陶 (yùtáo)
* 黑陶
* 黑陶文化

#### Descendants

* → Thai: เตา (dtao)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yáo (yao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^2$
*** Yale: yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^4$
*** Yale: yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: yew
Rime :
| Character | 陶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘昭切 |
| Baxter | yew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*luː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 陶 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12373 |
| Phonetic component | 匋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遙 |
| Old Chinese | /*luː/ |

#### Definitions

陶
* Alternative form of 𨹋
   * Used in 皋陶 (Gāoyáo).
* Used in 陶陶 (yáoyáo).
* Alternative form of 窯 / 窑 (yáo)

#### Compounds

* 陶誕 / 陶诞

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dào (dao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dào
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dào
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^4$
*** Yale: dàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
*** Palladius: дао (dao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^6$
*** Yale: douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯²²/

#### Definitions

陶
* Only used in 陶陶 (dàodào).

### References

* “陶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō)、よう (yō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)、よう (yō)
* Kun: すえ (sue, 陶)
* Nanori: よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 陶(よう)陶(よう) (yōyō)
* 陶(すえ)器(うつわもの) (sue-utsuwamono)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 陶
* とう Grade: S
* kan'on
/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
From Middle Chinese 陶 (MC daw).

#### Affix

陶(とう) • (tō)
* pottery, ceramics
* (by extension) teach, instruct
* pleasant, indulgent
* cloudy, foggy

##### Derived terms

* 陶(とう)器(き) (tōki)
* 陶(とう)工(こう) (tōkō)
* 陶(とう)酔(すい) (tōsui)
* 陶(とう)然(ぜん) (tōzen)
* 陶(とう)土(ど) (tōdo)
* 陶(とう)冶(や) (tōya)
* 鬱(うっ)陶(とう) (uttō)
* 薫(くん)陶(とう) (kuntō)
* 彩(さい)陶(とう) (saitō)
* 製(せい)陶(とう) (seitō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 陶
* すえ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 甄 (rare)
/suwe/ → /sue/
From Old Japanese.
The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 据える (sueru, “to set, lay”), from the way they are formed and/or crafted by the hands. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

陶(すえ) • (sue)
* (archaic, possibly obsolete) earthenware, pottery

##### Derived terms

* 陶(すえ)物(もの) (suemono)

#### Proper noun

陶(すえ) • (Sue)
* a surname

## Korean
### Hanja

陶 (eumhun 질 그도 도 (jil geudo do))
* hanja form of 도 (“pottery, ceramics, earthenware”)
陶 (eumhun 화락할 요 (hwarakhal yo))
* hanja form of 도 (“peaceful, harmonious, happy”)
陶 (eumhun 순임금의 신하 요 (sunimgeumui sinha yo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 据う (suu, “to set, lay”), from the way they are formed and/or crafted by the hands. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Compounds

* 陶器 (suwemono$_2$)

### Noun

陶 (suwe) (kana すゑ)
* earthenware, pottery

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 陶 (sue)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

陶: Hán Nôm readings: đào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.