# 孑孑
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiéjié
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kit$^3$ kit$^3$ / git$^3$ git$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiéjié
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiéjié
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: jyé-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyejye
*** Palladius: цзецзе (czecze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$孑孑 節節 / 节节 結節 / 结节
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kit$^3$ kit$^3$ / git$^3$ git$^3$
*** Yale: kit kit / git git
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kit$^8$ kit$^8$ / git$^8$ git$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kid$^3$ kid$^3$ / gid$^3$ gid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːt̚³ kʰiːt̚³/, /kiːt̚³ kiːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: kjet kjet
Rime :
| Character | 孑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居列切 |
| Baxter | kjet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | git$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ked ked/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6435 |
| Phonetic component | 孑 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孑 |
| Old Chinese | /*ked/ |

### Adjective

孑孑
* (literary, ideophonic) outstanding; prominent; conspicuous
* (literary, ideophonic) tiny; minute
* (literary, ideophonic) alone; lonely

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 孑孑(けつけつ) (ketsuketsu)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 孑 | 孑 |
| けつ Hyōgai | けつ Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 孑々
From Middle Chinese 孑孑 (MC kjet kjet).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けつけつ [kètsúkétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞t͡sɨke̞t͡sɨ]

#### Adjective

孑(けつ)孑(けつ) • (ketsuketsu) $^†$-tari (adnominal 孑(けつ)孑(けつ)とした (ketsuketsu to shita) or 孑(けつ)孑(けつ)たる (ketsuketsu taru), adverbial 孑(けつ)孑(けつ)と (ketsuketsu to) or 孑(けつ)孑(けつ)として (ketsuketsu to shite))
* alone, lonely
* conspicuous, outstanding
* minute, tiny

#### Noun

孑(けつ)孑(けつ) • (ketsuketsu)
* a wriggler (mosquito larva)
    Synonym: 棒振り虫 (bōfurimushi)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 孑 | 孑 |
| ぼうふら ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 孑孒 棒振 孑々
First attested in the Edo period. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
Shift from bōfuri (see below).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼーふら [bòófúrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bo̞ːɸɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

孑孑(ぼうふら) or 孑孑(ボウフラ) or 孑孑(ボーフラ) • (bōfura)
* a wriggler (mosquito larva)
    Synonyms: 孑孑 (ketsuketsu), 棒振り虫 (bōfurimushi)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 孑 | 孑 |
| ぼうふり ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 孑孒 棒振
Shortened from 棒振り虫 (bōfurimushi, literally “stick-waving insect”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼーふり [bòófúrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bo̞ːɸɯ̟ɾʲi]

#### Noun

孑孑(ぼうふり) • (bōfuri)
* a wriggler (mosquito larva)

### See also

* 蚊(カ) (ka, “mosquito”)
* 棒振(ぼうふ)り (bōfuri)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN