# 空間
## Chinese

* 空間

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kōngjiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$ gaan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khûng-kiên / khûng-kiân
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khong-kan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kong$^1$ gang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khon-ci$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōngjiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kongjian
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$-chien$^1$
*** Yale: kūng-jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongjian
*** Palladius: кунцзянь (kunczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$ gaan$^1$
*** Yale: hūng gāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$ gaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khûng-kiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: kung$^ˊ$ gien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kung$^1$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khûng-kiân
*** Hakka Romanization System: kung$^ˊ$ gian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kung$^1$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-kan
*** Tâi-lô: khong-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qongkafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³ kan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kong$^1$ gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khong kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$khon-ci$_1$
*** MiniDict: khon$^平$ ci$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$khon-ji$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/

#### Noun

空間
* space (a gap or empty place); room (Classifier: 個／个)
    提高的空間／提高的空间 ― tígāo de kōngjiān ― room for improvement
    市場空間／市场空间 ― shìchǎng kōngjiān ― room in the market; market space
    騰出足夠的空間／腾出足够的空间 ― téngchū zúgòu de kōngjiān ― to make sufficient space
       qīnrù mǒurén de sīrén kōngjiān [Pinyin]
       to invade someone's personal space
* (Mainland China) outer space (region beyond Earth's atmosphere)
* open air; sky

##### Coordinate terms

* 時間／时间 (shíjiān, “time”)

##### Derived terms

* 三度空間立體順形放射治療 / 三度空间立体顺形放射治疗 (sāndù kōngjiān lìtǐ shùnxíng fàngshè zhìliáo)
* 命名空間 / 命名空间 (mìngmíng kōngjiān)
* 地理空間 / 地理空间 (dìlǐkōngjiān)
* 外層空間 / 外层空间 (wàicéng kōngjiān)
* 宇宙空間 / 宇宙空间 (yǔzhòu kōngjiān)
* 樣本空間 / 样本空间 (yàngběn kōngjiān)
* 相空間 / 相空间 (xiàngkōngjiān)
* 視覺空間 / 视觉空间 (shìjué kōngjiān)
* 空間主義 / 空间主义 (kōngjiānzhǔyì)
* 空間實驗室 / 空间实验室 (kōngjiān shíyànshì)
* 空間技術 / 空间技术 (kōngjiān jìshù)
* 空間探測器 / 空间探测器 (kōngjiān tàncèqì)
* 空間波函數 / 空间波函数 (kōngjiān bōhánshù)
* 空間渡船 / 空间渡船 (kōngjiān dùchuán)
* 空間碎片 / 空间碎片 (kōngjiān suìpiàn)
* 空間科學 / 空间科学 (kōngjiān kēxué)
* 空間站 / 空间站 (kōngjiānzhàn)
* 空間群 / 空间群 (kōngjiānqún)
* 色彩空間 / 色彩空间 (sècǎi kōngjiān)
* 虛擬空間 / 虚拟空间 (xūnǐ kōngjiān)
* 顏色空間 / 颜色空间 (yánsè kōngjiān)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khang-keng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-keng
*** Tâi-lô: khang-king
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qangkefng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaŋ³³ kiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

空間
* (Southern Min) empty room (Classifier: 個／个)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 空 | 間 |
| くう Grade: 1 | かん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くうかん [kùúkáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ːkã̠ɴ]

### Noun

空(くう)間(かん) • (kūkan)
* (physics) space
* (mathematics) space
* area, room
    くつろぎの空間(くうかん)
       kutsurogi no kūkan
       relaxation area

#### Synonyms

* (area, room): スペース (supēsu)

#### See also

* 時間(じかん) (jikan): time
* 時空(じくう) (jikū): time and space
* 時空間(じくうかん) (jikūkan): spacetime

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 空 | 間 |

### Noun

空間 • (gonggan) (hangeul 공간)
* hanja form of 공간 (“(empty) space, room”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 空 | 間 |

### Noun

空間
* chữ Hán form of không gian (“space; air space”).