# 蔥

| 蔥 | U+8525, &#34085; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8525 |
| ← 蔤 [U+8524] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蔦 → [U+8526] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蔥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹田心 (THWP), four-corner 4433$_2$, composition ⿱艹悤)

#### Usage notes

In the mainland China and Hong Kong standards, 蔥 is a variant form of 葱, where the middle component of the character is written as 囱. In the Taiwan stroke order for 蔥, the middle component is written as 囪.

#### Derived characters

* 𢤄, 𤁬, 𣞷, 𤑢, 𦇎(𰭁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1055, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31825
* Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3281, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8525

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 悤 (cōng).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsoŋ (“onion”). Cognate with Tibetan བཙོང (btsong), ཙོང (tsong, “onion, scallion”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cōng (cong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cong$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cung$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): cung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tuung$^1$ / tuung$^{1-4*}$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): cung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
    (Hailu, HRS): cung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĕ̤ng / chŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cang$^1$ / corng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhang / chhong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): cang$^1$ / cong$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): coeng$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tshon
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): cong$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ceng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cong
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tsūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tuung$^1$ / tuung$^{1-4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵŋ³³/, /tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ʃʰʊŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĕ̤ng / chŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰøyŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* chĕ̤ng - vernacular;
* chŭng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tshuwng
Rime :
| Character | 蔥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉紅切 |
| Baxter | tshuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ʰˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰloːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蔥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ʰˁoŋ/ |
| English | onion |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1821 |
| Phonetic component | 囱 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怱 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰloːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

蔥
* green onion; spring onion; scallion (Classifier: 根 m; 棵 m; 把 m; 捆 m; 條／条 c; 樖 c; 紮／扎 c; 叢／丛 mn)
* (～屬) Allium
* (literary, or in compounds) dark green
    青蔥／青葱 ― qīngcōng ― fresh green

##### Synonyms

* (green onion):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 蔥 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蔥, 青蔥 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 蔥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 蔥, 綠蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蔥, 蔥子, 蔥蔥兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蔥花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 蔥花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蔥, 老蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 蔥仔, 蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 蔥仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 蔥, 蔥仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 蔥 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 蔥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蔥 |
| Gan | Pengze | 蔥 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 蔥子 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 蔥哩, 蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蔥子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蔥仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蔥仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蔥仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蔥仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蔥仔 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 蔥 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 蔥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蔥 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 蔥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蔥 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 蔥兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 蔥 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 蔥 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蔥 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 蔥 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 蔥 |
| Jin | Linhe | 蔥 |
| Jin | Jining | 蔥 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 蔥 |
| Jin | Baotou | 蔥 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 蔥兒 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 蔥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蔥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蔥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 蔥 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蔥, 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蔥, 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蔥, 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蔥, 青蔥, 蔥菜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蔥, 蔥仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蔥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 蔥 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 蔥 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 蔥, 香蔥 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 蔥 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蔥 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蔥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蔥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 蔥 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蔥 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 蔥 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 蔥子 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 蔥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蔥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蔥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蔥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蔥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蔥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蔥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蔥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蔥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蔥, 香蔥 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蔥 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蔥 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蔥 |
* (onion):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 洋蔥頭, 蔥頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 蔥頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 洋蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 洋蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 蔥頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 洋蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 洋蔥, 毛蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蔥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 蔥頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 洋蔥頭, 蔥頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 蔥頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 洋蔥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 洋蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 洋蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 洋蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 洋蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 洋蔥, 洋蔥波豆兒 bulb |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 洋蔥, 圓蔥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋蔥, 洋蔥疙瘩 bulb |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 洋蔥頭, 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 洋蔥, 蔥頭, 海蒜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 洋蔥, 蔥頭兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 bulb |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 皮牙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 洋蒜, 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 洋蔥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 皮牙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 洋蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 蔥頭, 線骨朵 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 洋蔥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 芥骨嘟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 皮牙子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 皮牙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 洋蔥, 甜蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 蔥頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 蔥頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 洋蔥, 蔥球 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 洋蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 洋蔥, 紅蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 紅蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 紅蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 紅蔥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 大蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭子 bulb |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 洋大蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 洋蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 洋蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 洋蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 洋蔥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 洋蔥 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 蔥頭 |
| Gan | Pengze | 洋蔥 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 洋蔥 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 洋蔥, 荷蘭蔥 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 荷蘭蔥 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 大蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 大蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 大粒蔥 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 大蔥 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 大蔥仔, タマネギ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蔥頭, 大頭蔥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 洋蔥 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蔥頭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 洋蔥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 洋蔥 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 洋蔥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Datong | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 洋蔥 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Linhe | 洋蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Jining | 洋蔥頭, 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Baotou | 洋蔥頭 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 洋蔥頭 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 蔥頭 |
| Jin | Handan | 蔥頭, 洋蔥 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 洋蔥 |
| Jin | Suide | 洋蔥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 洋蔥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 洋蔥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 紅毛蔥, 洋蔥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 北蔥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 北蔥, 番仔蔥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 北蔥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 北蔥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 北蔥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 大蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 蔥頭, タマネギ |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 蔥頭, タマネギ |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 大粒蔥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 大蔥, タマネギ |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 洋蔥 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 蔥頭, タマネギ |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 望蓋仔蔥, 風蔥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 風蔥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 風蔥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蔥, 大蔥 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 北蔥, 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 北蔥 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蔥頭 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 番蔥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蔥頭, 番蔥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 番蔥 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 北蔥, 蔥頭, 番蔥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 蔥, 大蔥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 番蔥頭 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 洋蔥 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 洋蔥 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 洋蔥 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 洋蔥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 洋蔥頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 洋蔥頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Wu | Danyang | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 洋蔥, 洋蔥頭 bulb |
| Wu | Ningbo | 洋蔥頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 香蔥, 番蔥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 洋蔥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋蔥 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 洋蔥 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 洋蔥 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 洋蔥 |
* (dark green):
* 深綠 / 深绿 (shēnlǜ)
* 濃綠 / 浓绿 (nónglǜ)
* 碧 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 碧綠 / 碧绿 (bìlǜ)
* 翠綠 / 翠绿 (cuìlǜ)
* 金龜綠 / 金龟绿 (Hokkien)
* 鈂綠 / 𬬵绿 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 青綠 / 青绿 (qīnglǜ)
* 墨綠 / 墨绿 (mòlǜ)
* 墨綠色 / 墨绿色 (mòlǜsè)
* 黛綠 / 黛绿 (dàilǜ) (literary)

#### Compounds

* 三斗蔥
* 倒栽蔥 / 倒栽葱 (dàozāicōng)
* 冬蔥 / 冬葱
* 分蔥 / 分葱
* 削蔥 / 削葱
* 剝蔥 / 剥葱
* 大官蔥 / 大官葱
* 大蔥 / 大葱 (dàcōng)
* 太官蔥 / 太官葱
* 小蔥 / 小葱 (xiǎocōng)
* 山蔥 / 山葱
* 愣蔥 / 愣葱 (lèngcōng)
* 憨蔥 / 憨葱
* 拌蒜加蔥 / 拌蒜加葱
* 擰蔥 / 拧葱
* 春蔥 / 春葱
* 木蔥 / 木葱
* 楞頭蔥 / 楞头葱
* 樓蔥 / 楼葱
* 水蔥 / 水葱
* 沙蔥 / 沙葱
* 洋蔥 / 洋葱 (yángcōng)
* 洋蔥頭 / 洋葱头 (yángcōngtóu)
* 漢蔥 / 汉葱
* 玉蔥 / 玉葱 (yùcōng)
* 玉蔥條 / 玉葱条
* 瓏蔥 / 珑葱
* 盤怨蔥 / 盘怨葱
* 籠蔥 / 笼葱
* 籠蔥竹 / 笼葱竹
* 細香蔥 / 细香葱 (xìxiāngcōng)
* 老蔥 / 老葱
* 茖蔥 / 茖葱
* 菁蔥 / 菁葱
* 蒜蔥 / 蒜葱
* 蔥仔 / 葱仔
* 蔥倩 / 葱倩
* 蔥嶺 / 葱岭 (Cōnglǐng)
* 蔥曚 / 葱曚
* 蔥曨 / 葱昽
* 蔥楚 / 葱楚
* 蔥油 / 葱油
* 蔥油拌麵 / 葱油拌面
* 蔥油雞 / 葱油鸡
* 蔥油餅 / 葱油饼 (cōngyóubǐng)
* 蔥海 / 葱海
* 蔥白 / 葱白 (cōngbái)
* 蔥白兒 / 葱白儿
* 蔥管 / 葱管
* 蔥籠 / 葱笼 (cōnglóng)
* 蔥粲 / 葱粲
* 蔥綠 / 葱绿
* 蔥翠 / 葱翠
* 蔥聾 / 葱聋
* 蔥芊 / 葱芊
* 蔥花 / 葱花 (cōnghuā)
* 蔥茂 / 葱茂
* 蔥菁 / 葱菁
* 蔥蒙 / 葱蒙
* 蔥蒨 / 葱蒨
* 蔥蔚 / 葱蔚
* 蔥蔥 / 葱葱 (cōngcōng)
* 蔥蔥郁郁
* 蔥蘢 / 葱茏 (cōnglóng)
* 蔥蘭 / 葱兰
* 蔥郁
* 蔥靈 / 葱灵
* 蔥青 / 葱青
* 蔥頭 / 葱头 (cōngtóu)
* 蔥鬍子 / 葱胡子
* 蔥鬱 / 葱郁 (cōngyù)
* 蔥黃 / 葱黄
* 蘢蔥 / 茏葱 (lóngcōng)
* 蝦夷蔥 / 虾夷葱 (xiāyícōng)
* 裝蔥賣蒜 / 装葱卖蒜
* 賣蔥 / 卖葱
* 青蔥 / 青葱 (qīngcōng)
* 飯店回蔥 / 饭店回葱
* 香蔥 / 香葱
* 鬱蔥 / 郁葱
* 鬱鬱蔥蔥 / 郁郁葱葱 (yùyùcōngcōng)
* 鹿蔥 / 鹿葱
* 黝蔥 / 黝葱
* 龍爪蔥 / 龙爪葱
* 龍角蔥 / 龙角葱

#### Descendants

* → Kapampangan: sang
* → Tagalog: tsang
* → Zhuang: coeng

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuāng (chuang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^1$
*** Yale: chwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

蔥
* Alternative form of 窗 (chuāng), only used in 蔥靈／葱灵.

### References

* “蔥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “葱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 39.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Green onion; leek; scallion
* Allium
* Green-colored

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: ねぎ (negi, 蔥)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰo̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [총]

### Hanja

Wikisource 蔥 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蔥: Hán Nôm readings: song, thông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.