# 乾隆
## Chinese

* 乾隆 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 乾隆 (Cantonese)
* 乾隆 (Classical)
* Khiân-liông (Southern Min)

### Etymology

See also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠸᡝᡥᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ (abkai wehiyehe).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Qiánlóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kin$^4$ lung$^4$ / kin$^4$ lung$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Khièn-lùng / Khiàn-lùng
    (Hailu, HRS): kien lung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Khiân-liông / Kiân-liông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiêng$^5$ long$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ji-lon$_6$ / $^2$jie-lon$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qiánlóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Ciánlóng
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻien$^2$-lung$^2$
*** Yale: Chyán-lúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyanlong
*** Palladius: Цяньлун (Cjanʹlun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kin$^4$ lung$^4$ / kin$^4$ lung$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: kìhn lùhng / kìhn lúng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kin$^4$ lung$^4$ / kin$^4$ lung$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kin$^4$ lung$^4$ / kin$^4$ lung$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːn²¹ lʊŋ²¹/, /kʰiːn²¹ lʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khièn-lùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˇ$ lung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^2$ lung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en¹¹ luŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khiàn-lùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian$^ˇ$ lung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^2$ lung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an¹¹ luŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien lung
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰien⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khiân-liông
*** Tâi-lô: Khiân-liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qienlioong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn¹³⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²³⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiân-liông
*** Tâi-lô: Kiân-liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kienlioong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɛn²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiêng$^5$ long$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiêng lông
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ji-lon$_6$
*** MiniDict: ji$^去$ lon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jji-lon$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²² loŋ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$jie-lon$_2$
*** MiniDict: jie$^平$ lon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑɪ²² loŋ³³/

### Proper noun

乾隆 (historical)
* (～帝) the Qianlong Emperor (the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty)
* the Qianlong era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1736 to 1795)
** 1969, 潘藩, directed by 陸邦, 相思甜如蜜 [My Sweetheart]‎, spoken by 陳維才 (高魯泉 [Ko Lo Chuen]):
       ngo$^5$ ni$^1$ loeng$^5$ go$^3$ kin$^4$ lung$^{4-2}$ faa$^1$ zeon$^1$ aa$^3$ zik$^6$ sing$^4$ maan$^6$ ngan$^4$ gaa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       These two Qianlong-era vases of mine are worth ten grand.

#### Coordinate terms

* (era names of Qing) 天命 (Later Jin), 天聰 / 天聪 (Tiāncōng) (Later Jin), 崇德 (Chóngdé), 順治 / 顺治 (Shùnzhì), 康熙 (Kāngxī), 雍正 (Yōngzhèng), 乾隆 (Qiánlóng), 嘉慶 / 嘉庆 (Jiāqìng), 道光 (Dàoguāng), 咸豐 (Xiánfēng), 祺祥 (qíxiáng) (cancelled), →同治 (Tóngzhì), 光緒 / 光绪 (Guāngxù), 宣統 / 宣统 (Xuāntǒng)