# 公卿
## Chinese
### Etymology

Originally a clipping of 三公九卿 (Sāngōng Jiǔqīng).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngqīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngqīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongcing
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chʻing$^1$
*** Yale: gūng-chīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongching
*** Palladius: гунцин (guncin)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kuwng khjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 公 | 卿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古紅切 | 去京切 |
| Baxter | kuwng | khjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ/ | /kʰˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ/ | /kʰᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ/ | /kʰiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ/ | /kʰiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ/ | /kʰiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ/ | /kʰĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ/ | /kʰi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōng | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | hing$^1$ |

### Noun

公卿
* (literary) the Three Excellencies and Nine Ministers
* (literary) generic term for all of the high-level ministers and officials within the government

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 公卿(くぎょう) (kugyō); 公卿(こうけい) (kōkei)
* → Korean: 공경(公卿) (gonggyeong)

### References

* 三公 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{zh}$
* 九卿 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{zh}$

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| く Grade: 2 | きょう > ぎょう Jinmeiyō |
| goon ||
* Alternative spellings
* 供饗 (table) 公饗 (table)
/kuᵑ kʲau/ → /kuɡʲau/ → /kuɡʲɔː/ → /kuɡʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 公卿 (MC kuwng khjaeng).
Separately, the 公 (kō, literally “official”) collectively refers to the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin, “chancellor of the realm”), 左大臣 (sadaijin, “minister of the left”), and 右大臣 (udaijin, “minister of the right”); and 卿 (kei, literally “state minister”) the 大納言 (dainagon, “upper counselor”), 中納言 (chūnagon, “middle counselor”), the court nobility of the third rank or higher, and the 参議 (sangi, “state counselors”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くぎょー [kúꜜgyòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

公(く)卿(ぎょう) • (kugyō)
* (politics, historical) a court nobleman; the nobility
    Synonyms: 上達部 (kandachime), 公家 (kuge), 卿相 (keishō), 月卿 (gekkei)
* a small lacquered 膳 (zen, “tray table”) used by kugyō nobles

##### Derived terms

* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)給(きゅう) (kugyōkyū)
* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)僉(せん)議(ぎ) (kugyō sengi)
* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)勅(ちょく)使(し) (kugyō chokushi)
* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)衝(つい)重(がさ)ね (kugyō tsuigasane)
* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)の座(ざ) (kugyō no za)
* 公(く)卿(ぎょう)の間(ま) (kugyō no ma)
* 現(げん)任(にん)の公(く)卿(ぎょう) (gennin no kugyō)
* 地(じ)下(げ)の公(く)卿(ぎょう) (jige no kugyō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| こう Grade: 2 | けい Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 公卿 (MC kuwng khjaeng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーけー [kòókéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːke̞ː]

#### Noun

公(こう)卿(けい) • (kōkei)
* (historical) the 三公 (Sankō, “Three Excellencies”) and 九卿 (Kyūkei, “Nine Ministers”) in ancient China
* (by extension, politics, historical) Same as くぎょう (kugyō) above

##### See also

* 三(さん)公(こう)九(きゅう)卿(けい) (Sankō Kyūkei)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| くげ ||
| Grade: 2 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 公卿 – see the following entry. :
| 【公家くげ】 | [noun] the imperial court [noun] the emperor and courtiers [noun] the nobility in general |
(This term, 公卿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| もうちぎみ ||
| Grade: 2 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 卿 大夫
⟨mape$_1$ tu ki$_1$mi$_1$⟩ → */mapʲetukʲimʲi/ → /maɸet͡ɕʉɡimi/ → /maũt͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mɔːt͡ɕiɡimi/ → /moːt͡ɕiɡimi/
Shift from Old Japanese 公卿 (mape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$ → maetsukimi).
Refers to noblemen who serve before the Emperor.

#### Noun

公卿(もうちぎみ) • (mōchigimi)
* (honorific, archaic) a senior court official

##### Derived terms

* 大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (ōimōchigimi, “Daijō-kan senior official”)
* 姫(ひめ)大夫(もうちぎみ) (himemōchigimi)

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| まちぎみ ||
| Grade: 2 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 卿
/maut͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mɔ̃t͡ɕiɡimi/ → /mat͡ɕiɡimi/
Shift from mōchigimi above, historical mauchigimi.

#### Noun

公卿(まちぎみ) • (machigimi)
* (honorific, archaic, rare) a senior court official

##### Derived terms

* 太政大臣(おおまつりごとのおおまつぎみ) (ōmatsurigoto no ōmatsugimi, Wamyōshō spelling)

### Etymology 6

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |
| まつぎみ ||
| Grade: 2 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Coined by Motoori Norinaga in 1798.
Shift from either Old Japanese 公卿 (mape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$ → maetsukimi), mōchigimi (historical mauchigimi), or machigimi above.

#### Noun

公卿(まつぎみ) • (matsugimi)
* (honorific, archaic, rare) a senior court official

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 公 | 卿 |

### Noun

公卿 • (gonggyeong) (hangeul 공경)
* hanja form of 공경

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 卿, 大夫

### Etymology 1

Originally a compound of 前 (mape$_1$, “head, in front”) +‎ つ (tu, possessive particle) +‎ 君 (ki$_1$mi$_1$, “emperor”).
Refers to noblemen who serve before the Emperor.

#### Noun

公卿 (mape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$) (kana まへつきみ)
* (honorific) a senior court official

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

##### Derived terms

* 大臣 (opomape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 公卿 (maetsukimi → maetsugimi → mōchigimi, in modern Japanese dictionaries)
** 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi, “Daijō-kan senior official”)

### Etymology 2

Possibly a shift from mape$_1$tuki$_1$mi$_1$ above.

#### Noun

公卿 (matiki$_1$mi$_1$) (kana まちきみ)
* (honorific, rare) a senior court official

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:公卿.

##### Derived terms

* 姫大夫 (pi$_1$me$_1$matiki$_1$mi$_1$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 公卿 (machigimi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN