# 倩

| 倩 | U+5029, &#20521; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5029 |
| ← 倨 [U+5028] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 倪 → [U+502A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

倩 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人手一月 (OQMB), four-corner 2522$_7$, composition ⿰亻青(GHTV) or ⿰亻靑(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 𣹥, 𫷝, 蒨, 篟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 791
* Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 170, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5029

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 倩
* Small seal scripts05678Transcribed ancient scriptsL33219L33220
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs): semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiàn (qian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$ / sin$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhian
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiéng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^4$
*** Yale: chyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$ / sin$^3$
*** Yale: sihn / sin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$ / sin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$ / xin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²²/, /siːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhian
*** Hakka Romanization System: qian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯an⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiéng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiɛŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàn
*** Tâi-lô: tshiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiexn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshèng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi
*** MiniDict: chi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshenH
Rime :
| Character | 倩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉甸切 |
| Baxter | tshenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11308 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒨 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːns/ |

##### Definitions

倩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smiling
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (beautiful) man
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beautiful; pretty; handsome
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fast

##### Compounds

* 倩倩
* 倩女
* 倩女離魂 / 倩女离魂
* 倩妝 / 倩妆
* 倩妹 (Hakka)
* 倩影 (qiànyǐng)
* 巧笑倩兮
* 盼倩

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìng, qiàn (qing$^4$, qian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˋ, ㄑㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^3$ / sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiáng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cia$^4$ / ciaⁿ$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiàⁿ / chhèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciah$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^4$
*** Yale: chìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^4$
*** Yale: chyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^3$ / sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
*** Yale: ching / sin / sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^3$ / sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^3$ / xin$^3$ / xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ³³/, /siːn³³/, /siːn²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cia$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰia⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ciaⁿ$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰĩã⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàⁿ / chhèng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiànn / tshìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chviax, zhexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiã⁴¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiã¹¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
* chhiàⁿ - (colloquial);
* chhèng - (literary).
* Middle Chinese: tshjengH
Rime :
| Character | 倩 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七政切 |
| Baxter | tshjengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倩 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 11342 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倩 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleŋs/ |

##### Definitions

倩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to ask someone to do something
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to have the aid of
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to borrow
* (Min) to employ; to hire
       chhiàⁿ chi̍t ê chō͘-lí / sin-lô / sòaⁿ-kang / khan-hō͘ / ka-kàu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       to hire a(n) assistant/employer/temporary worker/caretaker/private tutor
* (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself. Example: 倩食 (ciah4 ziah8) is a very polite way of asking people to eat.
* (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust
    Hāu-soán-jîn iang-chhiàⁿ soán-bîn kā phiò tǹg hō͘ in ê tóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The candidate urged the voters to vote for their party.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) son-in-law
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) servant; domestic servant
* Alternative form of 銃 / 铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩 / 饭匙倩.

##### See also

* 請／请 (qǐng)

##### Compounds

* 倩工
* 倩的
* 倩鬼拆藥單 / 倩鬼拆药单
* 央倩
* 雇倩
* 飯匙倩 / 饭匙倩

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 倩 – see 歉 (“deficient; lacking; insufficient; to apologize; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 歉).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)、せん (sen)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)、せん (sen)
* Kun: うつくしい (utsukushii, 倩しい)、つらつら (tsuratsura, 倩)

## Korean
### Hanja

倩 (eum 천 (cheon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

倩: Hán Nôm readings: thiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.