# Steen
## English
### Etymology 1

* As a general Germanic surname, from Dutch Steen, West Flemish van der steen, Danish Steen, Swedish Steen, Norwegian Steen. Doublet of Stone and Stein. Compare Staines.
* As a Scottish surname, shortened from Stephen.
* As an Irish and Scottish Gaelic surname, shortened from mac Stiamhna (“son of Stephen”), usually Anglicized as McStephen, McStein.

#### Proper noun

Steen (plural Steens)
* A surname from Germanic, equivalent to English Stone, equivalent of Peter or Peters (Petros - stone, rock)
    Synonym: Sten

##### Derived terms

* Steen's Bridge

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Early Afrikaans, elliptically from steendruiven (“stone grapes”), from steen (“stone”) + druiven (“grapes”), plural of druif.

#### Noun

Steen (countable and uncountable, plural Steens)
* (South Africa) Chenin blanc, a variety of white wine.

## Central Franconian
### Alternative forms

* Stään (eastern Moselle Franconian, except Westerwald)
* Stein (Kölsch; Westerwald)

### Etymology

From Old High German stein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃteːn/

### Noun

Steen m (plural Steen, diminutive Steenche)
* (Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) stone

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse Steinn, from steinn (“stone”). Cognate with Norwegian Stein and Swedish Sten.

### Proper noun

Steen
* a male given name
* (rare) a surname

#### Related terms

* Sten, Torsten

### References

* Danskernes Navne, based on CPR data: 26 205 males with the given name Steen and 1698 persons with the surname Steen have been registered in Denmark between about 1890 (=the population alive in 1967) and January 2005, with the frequency peak in the 1950s. Accessed on 19 June 2011.

## Dutch
### Etymology

From steen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /steːn/
* Hyphenation: Steen
* Rhymes: -eːn

### Proper noun

Steen
* a surname

## German Low German
### Alternative forms

* Sten, Stein

### Etymology

From Middle Low German stên, from Old Saxon stēn, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz. More at stone.

### Noun

Steen m (plural Stenen)
* stone

#### Derived terms

* stenerg
* stenig

## Hunsrik
### Alternative forms

* xtayn (Wiesemann spelling)

### Etymology

From Central Franconian Stein, from Middle High German stein, from Old High German stein, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“something hard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃteːn/
* Rhymes: -eːn
* Syllabification: Steen

### Noun

Steen m (plural Steen, diminutive Steenche)
* stone
    Das is hart wie en Steen.This is hard as a stone.
* (board games) stone (playing piece made of any hard material)

#### Related terms

* Backsteen
* Gallesteen
* Nieresteen
* Sandsteen
* Schleifsteen
* Steenboddem
* steenich

### References

* ↑ Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Steen”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 156, column 2

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German stein, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz. Cognates include German Stein, Dutch steen, English stone, Swedish sten.
The alternation between the stems Steen and Steng is due to the Luxembourgish velarisation of -n- that took place only in open syllables. (The plural used to have the ending -e, as it still does in German.) Similar alternations are found in some other nouns (e.g. Schwäin), but Steen is the only one that retains distinct stems for singular and plural.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃteːn/
** Rhymes: -eːn

### Noun

Steen m (plural Steng, diminutive Stengchen)
* (uncountable, geology) stone (substance, material)
* stone (piece of rock), pebble
* (precious) stone, gemstone
* (botany) stone (of fruit)
* (medicine) gallstone, kidney stone

## Norwegian
### Proper noun

Steen
* a surname

## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian stēn, from Proto-West Germanic *stain. Cognates include West Frisian stien, English stone, Swedish sten, and German Stein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /steːn/
* Hyphenation: Steen
* Rhymes: -eːn

### Noun

Steen m (plural Stene)
* stone, rock

#### Derived terms

* Wätsteen

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “Steen”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN