# 廉

| 廉 | U+5EC9, &#24265; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EC9 |
| ← 廈 [U+5EC8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 廊 → [U+5ECA] |
| 廉 | U+F9A2, &#63906; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2 |
| ← 說 [U+F9A1] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 念 → [U+F9A3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

廉 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿難金 (ITXC), four-corner 0023$_7$, composition ⿸广兼)

#### Derived characters

* 濂, 嬚, 燫, 臁, 鐮(镰), 蠊, 譧, 劆, 薕, 簾, 𦧷, 𧸖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 349, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9436
* Dae Jaweon: page 659, character 32
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 896, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5EC9
* Unihan data for U+F9A2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 廉 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·rem): semantic 广 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lián (lian$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lim$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): liam$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lien$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liàm
    (Hailu, HRS): liam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liam$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lièng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liâm / lêm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liam$^5$ / niam$^5$ / niang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lián
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lián
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$
*** Yale: lyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nian$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^4$
*** Yale: lìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: liam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /liam²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: liam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liam
*** Sinological IPA: /liam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /liam¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
*** Tâi-lô: liâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /liam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /liam²¹³/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
*** Tâi-lô: lêm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leem
*** IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: liam$^5$ / niam$^5$ / niang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâm / niâm / niâng
*** Sinological IPA : /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/
* liam5 - Chaozhou;
* niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
* niang5 - Chenghai.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit廉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /lian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /lian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /liã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /liã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /lian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /liã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /liã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /lian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /liɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /lian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nian³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /liɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /lien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /lie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /lie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /lie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /li²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /li³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /le⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /liɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /liẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /niẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liɛn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liam¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /liɑm¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lim²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lim²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lim²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liam³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lieŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /liŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /niam⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /liam³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljem
Rime :
| Character | 廉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力鹽切 |
| Baxter | ljem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liam/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem/, /*[r]em/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 廉 | 廉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lián | lián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljem › | ‹ ljem › |
| Old Chinese | /*(k-)rem/ | /*[r]em/ |
| English | frugal | angle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 廉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6042 |
| Phonetic component | 兼 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·rem/ |

### Definitions

廉
* clean; incorruptible; honorable; honest
* inexpensive
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (clean): 潔／洁 (jié)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “inexpensive”): 貴／贵 (guì)

### Compounds

* 一廉如水
* 低廉 (dīlián)
* 價廉物美 / 价廉物美 (jiàliánwùměi)
* 句廉
* 大廉價 / 大廉价
* 大法小廉
* 威廉 (Wēilián)
* 孝廉 (xiàolián)
* 孝廉方正
* 寡廉鮮恥 / 寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
* 小廉大法
* 小廉曲謹 / 小廉曲谨
* 廉使
* 廉俸
* 廉價 / 廉价 (liánjià)
* 廉吏
* 廉士
* 廉宜
* 廉恥 / 廉耻 (liánchǐ)
* 廉政 (liánzhèng)
* 廉明 (liánmíng)
* 廉正 (liánzhèng)
* 廉江 (Liánjiāng)
* 廉泉
* 廉潔 / 廉洁 (liánjié)
* 廉潔奉公 / 廉洁奉公
* 廉白
* 廉直
* 廉纖 / 廉纤
* 廉署 (Liánshǔ)
* 廉能
* 廉訪 / 廉访
* 廉讓 / 廉让
* 廉錦楓 / 廉锦枫
* 廉鍔 / 廉锷
* 廉隅
* 廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
* 正直清廉
* 毀廉蔑恥 / 毁廉蔑耻
* 清廉 (qīnglián)
* 物美價廉 / 物美价廉 (wùměijiàlián)
* 知羞識廉 / 知羞识廉
* 砥礪廉隅 / 砥砺廉隅
* 禮義廉恥 / 礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
* 節義廉明 / 节义廉明
* 舉孝廉 / 举孝廉 (jǔ xiàolián)
* 蚓廉
* 裡廉 / 里廉
* 頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立
* 飛廉 / 飞廉 (fēilián)
* 養廉 / 养廉

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 廉 |
| Kyūjitai | 廉 &#xF9A2; or 廉+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 廉󠄀 廉+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 廉󠄃 廉+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 廉)
* clean, honest
* inexpensive

#### Readings

* Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
* Kun: いさぎよい (isagiyoi, 廉い)、かど (kado, 廉)、きよい (kiyoi, 廉い)、やすい (yasui, 廉い)
* Nanori: おさ (osa)、かど (kado)、きよ (kiyo)、きよし (kiyoshi)、すが (suga)、すなお (sunao)、ただし (tadashi)、やす (yasu)、ゆき (yuki)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 廉
* かど Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

廉(かど) • (kado)
* grounds (for suspicion), a charge (for a crime)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 廉
* れん Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Proper noun

廉(れん) • (Ren)
* a male or female given name

### References

* ↑ “廉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

廉 (eumhun 청렴할 렴 (cheongnyeomhal ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 청렴할 염 (cheongnyeomhal yeom))
* hanja form of 렴/염 (“upright, honorable, honest, pure”)
* hanja form of 렴/염 (“to spy on”)

#### Compounds

* 청렴(淸廉) (cheongnyeom, “honesty”)
* 염탐(廉探) (yeomtam, “snooping, nosing around”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

廉: Hán Nôm readings: liêm, rèm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.