# 轢

| 轢 | U+8F62, &#36706; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F62 |
| ← 轡 [U+8F61] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 轣 → [U+8F63] |
| 轢 | U+F98D, &#63885; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98D |
| ← 歷 [U+F98C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 年 → [U+F98E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 轢 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𮝩 |
| Simplified | 轹 |

### Han character

轢 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十十女戈木 (JJVID), four-corner 5209$_4$, composition ⿰車樂)
* run over something with vehicle

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38588
* Dae Jaweon: page 1728, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3561, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8F62
* Unihan data for U+F98D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 樂 | *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ |
| 轢 | *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 濼 | *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 躒 | *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 擽 | *rawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 爍 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 鑠 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 藥 | *lawɢ |
| 櫟 | *lawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 纅 | *lawɢ |
| 礫 | *reːwɢ |
| 瓅 | *reːwɢ |
| 皪 | *reːwɢ |
| 觻 | *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 嚛 | *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ): semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lik$^1$ / lik$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lik$^1$ / lik$^6$
*** Yale: līk / lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lik$^7$ / lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lig$^1$ / lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪk̚⁵/, /lɪk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: lat, lak, lek
Rime :
| Character | 轢 | 轢 | 轢 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) | 鐸 (103) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 盧達切 | 盧各切 | 郎擊切 |
| Baxter | lat | lak | lek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /lek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /lek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /lɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lat̚/ | /lak̚/ | /lɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /lek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /liek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑt̚/ | /lɑk̚/ | /liek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | là | luò | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laat$^6$ | lok$^6$ | lik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk/, /*[r]ˤewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːd/, /*raːwɢ/, /*reːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 轢 | 轢 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lak › | ‹ lek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁawk/ | /*[r]ˁewk/ |
| English | crush under wheels | crush under wheels |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 轢 | 轢 | 轢 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7671 | 7675 | 7684 |
| Phonetic component | 樂 | 樂 | 樂 |
| Rime group | 月 | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剌 | 落 | 靂 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːd/ | /*raːwɢ/ | /*reːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

轢
* to run over with a vehicle
* a vandal
* to bully someone
    Synonym: 欺負 / 欺负

#### Compounds

* 凌轢
* 刻轢 / 刻轹
* 軋轢 / 轧轹 (yàlì)
* 輘轢 / 𰺊轹
* 輮轢 / 𫐓轹
* 轔轢 / 辚轹
* 轢古 / 轹古
* 轢蹙 / 轹蹙
* 陵轢 / 陵轹

### References

* “轢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𮝩 |
| Kyūjitai | 轢 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𮝩)
* to run over with a vehicle

#### Readings

* Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
* Kan-on: れき (reki)
* Kun: きしる (kishiru, 轢る)、ひく (hiku, 轢く)

#### Compounds

* 軋轢(あつれき) (atsureki): conflict

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 轢 (MC lek). Recorded as Middle Korean 력〮 (Yale: lyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [jʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [력/역]

### Hanja

Wikisource 轢 (eumhun 칠 력 (chil ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 칠 역 (chil yeok))
* hanja form of 력/역 (“to run over with a vehicle”)

#### Compounds

* 알력 (軋轢, allyeok)
* 역사 (轢死, yeoksa)
* 역살 (轢殺, yeoksal)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.