# 誄

| 誄 | U+8A84, &#35460; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A84 |
| ← 誃 [U+8A83] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誅 → [U+8A85] |

## Translingual
### Han character

誄 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口手木 (YRQD), four-corner 0569$_0$, composition ⿰訁耒)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1160, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35471
* Dae Jaweon: page 1625, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3960, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8A84

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 頛 | *ruːlʔ |
| 郲 | *rɯː, *ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ |
| 耒 | *ruːls, *rulʔ |
| 銇 | *ruːls |
| 洡 | *ruːls |
| 誄 | *rulʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rulʔ): semantic 言 + phonetic 耒 (OC *ruːls, *rulʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lěi (lei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loi$^6$ / leoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^3$
*** Yale: lěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loi$^6$ / leoi$^6$
*** Yale: loih / leuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loi$^6$ / loey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: loi$^6$ / lêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːi̯²²/, /lɵy̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: lwijX
Rime :
| Character | 誄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力軌切 |
| Baxter | lwijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lui$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lěi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ujʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rulʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 誄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lěi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ujʔ/ |
| English | eulogy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7765 |
| Phonetic component | 耒 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壘 |
| Old Chinese | /*rulʔ/ |

### Definitions

誄
* (archaic) make a memorial speech; to eulogize
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
    Xià sìyuè jǐchǒu, Kǒngqiū zú, gōng lěi zhī yuē, míntiān bù diào, bù yìn yí yī lǎo, bǐ píng yúyīrén yǐ zài wèi, qióngqióng yú zài jiù, wūhū āizāi, Nífù wú zì lǜ! [Pinyin]
    On the eleventh day in the fourth month during summer, Kong Qiu died. Duke Ai of Lu gave his memorial speech as follows: "Heaven is not willing to let this veteran minister protect me and remains me, the only one, alone. Father Zhongni [Kong Qiu] is gone and Father Zhongni has gone! I have lost the laws to administer my government!"
* (archaic) a eulogy of the dead
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    (Bǎoyù) suǒyǐ dàsì wàngdàn, jìng dùzhuàn chéng yī piān chángwén, yòng Qíngwén sùrì suǒ xǐ zhī bīng jiāo hú yī fú kǎi zì xiě chéng, míng yuē “fúróng nǚ'ér lěi”, qián xù hòu gē. [Pinyin]
    So giving free rein to his absurd imagination, he made up a long lament, and he copied this out neatly on a white translucent silk kerchief which Ching-wen had fancied, entitling it Elegy for the Hibiscus Maid and giving it preface and a concluding song.

### Compounds

* 哀誄 / 哀诔
* 誄讚 / 诔赞
* 誄辭 / 诔辞

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* condolence message

#### Readings

* Go-on: るい (rui)
* Kan-on: るい (rui)
* Kun: いのる (inoru)、しのびごと (shinobigoto, 誄)

#### Alternative forms

* 讄

#### Compounds

* 誄(るい)歌(か) (ruika)
* 誄(るい)讚(さん) (ruisan)
* 誄(るい)詞(し) (ruishi)
* 誄(るい)詩(し) (ruishi)
* 誄(るい)襚(すい) (ruisui)
* 誄(るい)文(ぶん) (ruibun)
* 哀誄
* 箴誄
* 制誄
* 伝誄
* 読誄
* 銘(めい)誄(るい) (meirui)

### References

* 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “誄”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

誄 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, trối): semantic 訁 (“speech”) + phonetic 耒 (lỗi).

### Han character

誄: Hán Việt readings: lụy/luỵ, lỗi
誄: Nôm readings: trối
* chữ Hán form of luỵ (“to eulogize the dead”).
* chữ Nôm form of trối (“to give one's last words; to tell one's will before death”).

#### References

* 1 2 Trần (1999).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).