# 鯖

| 鯖 | U+9BD6, &#39894; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BD6 |
| ← 鯕 [U+9BD5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鯗 → [U+9BD7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鯖 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓火手一月 (NFQMB), four-corner 2532$_7$, composition ⿰魚青 (GHT) or ⿰魚靑 (JKV))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1472, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46210
* Dae Jaweon: page 2004, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4694, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9BD6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīng (qing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chhéng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cing
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching
*** Palladius: цин (cin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
*** Tâi-lô: tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhéng
*** Tâi-lô: tshíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chin
*** MiniDict: chin$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsheng
Rime :
| Character | 鯖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 |
| Baxter | tsheng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鯖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 11365 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靑 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

鯖
* mackerel
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)

##### Compounds

* 鯖魚 / 鲭鱼 (qīngyú)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhēng (zheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^1$
*** Yale: jēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyeng
Rime :
| Character | 鯖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸盈切 |
| Baxter | tsyeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljeŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鯖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11361 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 征 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔljeŋ/ |

#### Definitions

鯖
* (alt. form 𦙫) stew or chowder of fish and meat

##### Compounds

* 五侯鯖 / 五侯鲭
* 侯鯖 / 侯鲭

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* mackerel

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: さば (saba, 鯖)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鯖
* さば Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, further etymology uncertain. Possibly cognate with 秋刀魚 (sanma, “Pacific saury”), which can be translated to "mackerel pike".
Attested in the Izumo Fudoki, completed in 733 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さば [sàbá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠ba̠]

#### Noun

鯖(さば) or 鯖(サバ) • (saba)
* mackerel, especially chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サバ.

##### Synonyms

* (mackerel): 青鯖(アオサバ) (aosaba)

##### Derived terms

* 鯖(さば)を読(よ)む (saba o yomu, “to manipulate figures”)
* 鯖(さば)折(お)り (sabaori)
* 鯖缶(さばかん) (sabakan, “canned mackerel”)
* 鯖(さば)の尾(お) (saba no o)
* 鯖節(さばぶし) (sababushi)
* 青鯖(アオサバ) (aosaba)
* 秋鯖(あきさば) (akisaba)
* 胡麻(ゴマ)鯖(サバ) (gomasaba), 丸鯖(マルサバ) (marusaba, “blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus)”)
* 締(し)め鯖(さば) (shimesaba, “soused mackerel”)
* 二(ニ)条(ジョウ)鯖(サバ) (nijō-saba, “double-lined mackerel (Grammatorcynus bilineatus)”)
* 本(ホン)鯖(サバ) (honsaba), 真(マ)鯖(サバ) (masaba, “chub mackerel”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鯖
* さば Hyōgai (ateji)
* kun'yomi
Abbreviation and punning of サーバー (sābā, “server”), ultimately from English server. This kanji is an ateji (当て字).

#### Noun

鯖(さば) or 鯖(サバ) • (saba)
* (slang, computing) server

##### Usage notes

* The usage of this kanji is commonly used among online audiences, especially in online gaming.

##### Derived terms

* 鯖缶(さばかん) (sabakan, “server administrator”)
* 鯖管(さばかん) (sabakan, “server administrator”)
* 串鯖(くしさば) (kushisaba, “proxy server”)

### References

* ↑ “鯖”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

### Further reading

* “サバ／鯖／さば”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2025.

## Korean
### Hanja

鯖 (eumhun 고등어 청 (godeung'eo cheong))
* mackerel

#### Synonyms

* 鯖魚 (청어, cheong-eo)

#### See also

* 靑魚 (청어, cheong-eo) herring (鯡, 鯡魚)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鯖: Hán Nôm readings: thanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation