# मत्स्य
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मत्स्य (mátsya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mət̪.sjᵊ/, [mɐt̪.sjᵊ]

### Noun

मत्स्य • (matsya) m (Urdu spelling متسیہ)
* (formal) fish
    Synonyms: माही (māhī), मछली (machlī)
* (Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish

#### Derived terms

* मत्स्य पालन (matsya pālan, “fishing”)
* मत्स्यांगना (matsyāṅgnā, “mermaid”)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मत्स्य”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মত্স্য (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬢ᭄ᬲ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
* মত্স্য (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰝𑰿𑰭𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀲𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* မတ္သျ (Burmese script)
* મત્સ્ય (Gujarati script)
* ਮਤ੍ਸ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌤𑍍𑌸𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦠ꧀ꦱꦾ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂞𑂹𑂮𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಮತ್ಸ್ಯ (Kannada script)
* មត្ស្យ (Khmer script)
* ມຕ຺ສ຺ຍ (Lao script)
* മത്സ്യ (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᠠᢠᠰ᠌ᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘝𑘿𑘭𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠠᢐᠰᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑦽𑧠𑧍𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐟𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
* ମତ୍ସ୍ଯ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢡ꣄ꢱ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆠𑇀𑆱𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖝𑖿𑖭𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
* මත‍්ස්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩫 𑪙𑪁 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚙𑚶𑚨𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
* மத்ஸ்ய (Tamil script)
* మత్స్య (Telugu script)
* มตฺสฺย (Thai script)
* མ་ཏྶྱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒞𑓂𑒮𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨙𑩇𑨰𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian ماهی (mâhi).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mɐ́t.sjɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mɐt̪.s̪jɐ/

### Noun

मत्स्य • (mátsya) stem, m
* a fish
    अपि त्वं मत्स्यं खादितुम् इच्छसि?api tvaṃ matsyaṃ khāditum icchasi?Would you like to eat this fish?
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.18.6:पुरोळा इत्तुर्वशो यक्षुरासीद्राये मत्स्यासो निशिता अपीव ।puroḷā́ ítturváśo yákṣurāsīdrāyé mátsyāso níśitā ápīvaEager for spoil was Turvaśa Purodas, fain to win wealth, like fishes urged by hunger.
* (Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish

### Proper noun

मत्स्य • (mátsya) m
* an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* मत्स्यक (matsyaka) (diminutive)
** Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀓 (*maccha-ka)
*** Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀅 (*maccha-a)
**** Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘰 (māsā)
***** Marathi: मासा (māsā)
* मत्स्यगन्धा (matsyagandhā)

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀙 (macha /⁠maccha⁠/)
** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘 (maśca)
*** Assamese: মাছ (mas)
*** Bengali: মাছ (mach)
*** Chakma: 𑄟𑄌𑄴 (māc)
*** Odia: ମାଛ (mācha)
*** Rohingya: mas
*** Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠍ (masó)
** Khasa Prakrit:
*** Nepali: माछा (māchā)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
*** Hindustani: macch
    Hindi: मच्छ
    Urdu: مَچھ
*** Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘔 (macha), 𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘔 (maccha)
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: मच्छ (macch)
    Urdu: مچھ (macch)
*** Romani: maćho
**** Traveller Norwegian: makjo
** ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀇𑀓 f (*maccha-ika)
*** Kholosi: māči
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 (macchī)
**** Hindustani:
    Hindi: मच्छी (macchī)
    Urdu: مچھی (macchī)
**** Kachchi: મછી (machī)
**** Punjabi: ਮੱਛੀ (macchī) / مَچھّی (machhī)
**** Sindhi: مڇِي / मछी
** ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀮𑀻 f (*maccha-lī)
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: मछरी (machrī)
*** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘𑀮𑀻 (maścalī)
**** Bhojpuri: मछरी (machᵊrī)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: मासोळी (māsoḷī)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: માછલી (māchlī)
**** Hindustani:
    Hindi: मछली (machlī)
    Urdu: مچھلی (machlī)
* Dardic:
** Kalasha: matshí
** Khowar: مَڅھی (matshí)
* Helu Prakrit:
** Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
** Sinhalese: මාළුවා (māḷuwā)
* Pali: maccha
** → Khmer: មច្ឆា (macchaa)
** → Thai: มัจฉะ, มัจฉา (mát-chǎa) (from nom.pl.)
* → English: Matsya
* → Hindi: मत्स्य (matsya)
* → Odia: ମତ୍ସ୍ଯ (matsja)
* → Malayalam: മത്സ്യം (matsyaṁ)
* → Tamil: மத்ஸ்யம் (matsyam), மச்சம் (maccam)
* → Telugu: మత్స్యము (matsyamu)
* → Thai: มัตสยา (mát-sà-yǎa)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मत्स्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 776/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8