# gyve
## English
### Alternative forms

* give

### Etymology

From Middle English *give, *gyve (found only in plural gives, gyves (“shackles; fetters”)). Of uncertain origin, possibly from low dialect taking from Celtic; compare Welsh gefyn (“fetter, shackle”), Irish geibbionn (“fetters”), geimheal (“fetter, chain, shackle”); these are from Proto-Celtic *gem- (“shackle, chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to squeeze, grab, press”), see also Proto-Slavic *žęti, Ancient Greek γέντο (génto). The modern pronunciation with /dʒ/ is due to the spelling.
The verb is from Middle English given, gyven (“to shackle”), from the noun.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaɪv/, /ɡaɪv/
* Rhymes: -aɪv
* Homophone: jive

### Noun

gyve (plural gyves)
* (literary) A shackle or fetter, especially for the leg.
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:[…] I would have thee gone: And yet no further than a wanton’s bird; Who lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves, And with a silk thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty.
** 1845, William Lloyd Garrison, “The Triumph of Freedom”, in The Liberty Bell‎, Boston: Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Fair, page 192:With head and heart and hand I’ll strive To break the rod, and rend the gyve,— The spoiler of his prey deprive,—
** 1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, chapter 15, in Don’t Point That Thing at Me‎, New York: The Overlook Press, published 2004, page 126:Our gyves were removed and our possessions returned to us, except for my Banker’s Special.

### Verb

gyve (third-person singular simple present gyves, present participle gyving, simple past and past participle gyved)
* To shackle, fetter, chain.
** 1856, Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour, Letters to Squire Pedant, in the East, page 13:Not gyved with connubial relations, I entered upon my migration entirely isolated, with the exception of a canine quadruped whose mordacious, latrant, lusorious, and venatic qualities, are without parity.
** 1864, “A Fast-Day at Foxden”, in Atlantic Monthly Journal‎, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2006:"Say, rather, to melt the iron links which gyve soul to body," said Clifton ...
** 2008, LD Brodsky, “A Devotee of the Southern Way of Making Love”, in Sheri L. Vadermolen, editor, The Complete Poems of Louis Daniel Brodsky: Volume Four, 1981-1985‎, Time Being Books, →ISBN, page 419:Gyved to a squeaky swivel seat in my office, …

#### Derived terms

* down-gyved

#### Translations
### References

* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “368-69”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 368-69
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “gem-eno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
* ↑ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Gyve, sb.”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IV (F–G), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1173, column 3.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

gyve (present tense gyv, past tense gauv, supine gove, past participle goven, present participle gyvande, imperative gyv)
* Alternative form of gyva