# coll
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English collen, from Old French coler, acoler (“accoll, throw arms round neck of”); ultimately from Latin ad + collum (“neck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɒl/
* Homophones: col; call (cot–caught merger)
* Rhymes: -ɒl

### Verb

coll (third-person singular simple present colls, present participle colling, simple past and past participle colled)
* (transitive, intransitive) To hug or embrace.
** 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 82:'You couldn't expect her to throw her arms round 'ee, an' to kiss and to coll 'ee all at once.'
** 1995, Anthony Burgess, Byrne:They kissed and colled in parks and fields and, better, a / Warm bed, her own.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Edmund Spenser to this entry?)

#### Translations
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɔʎ]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin collum. Compare Occitan còl and French cou.

#### Noun

coll m (plural colls)
* (anatomy) neck
* (anatomy) throat
    Synonym: gola
    mal de coll ― sore throat
* (clothing) collar (part of a garment)
* neckline
* (card games) suit

##### Derived terms

* a collibè
* collada
* collar
* collejar
* colltort
* collut

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin collis (“hill”).

#### Noun

coll m (plural colls)
* (archaic or regional) hill
    Synonyms: puig, turó
* col, pass (through hills)
    Synonym: pas

##### Derived terms

* collet

### Further reading

* “coll” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “coll” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “coll”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* call (Ulster)

### Etymology

From Old Irish coll, from Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”) (compare Welsh cyll).

### Pronunciation

* (Galway) IPA: /kaul̪ˠ/
* (Mayo) IPA: /kol̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /kal̪ˠ/ (corresponding to the form call)

### Noun

coll m (genitive singular coill)
* hazel
* the letter C in the Ogham alphabet

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
coll
vocative
a choill
genitive
coill
dative
coll
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an coll
genitive
an choill
dative
leis an gcoll don choll :

#### Derived terms

* cnó coill
* collchnó
* crann coill

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 148
* ↑ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 17, page 8
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 9, page 7

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “coll”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kol͈]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”) (compare Welsh cyll).

#### Noun

coll m
* hazel (tree or shrub of the genus Corylus)

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Descendants

* Irish: coll
* Manx: coull
* Scottish Gaelic: coll

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *kolCos (“lost”), precise form uncertain, C could represent n, s, or d. Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to break”).

#### Noun

coll n
* destruction, injury, violation

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* coillid (“to destroy”)
** Irish: caill (“to lose”)

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: coll, call m, coill, caill f
** Scottish Gaelic: coll m (“destruction”)
** Irish: caill f (“loss”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 245, 249

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 coll (‘hazel tree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 coll (‘destruction’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɔul̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish coll (“hazel”), from Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”) (compare Welsh cyll).

#### Noun

coll m (genitive coill)
* hazel (tree)
* (obsolete) the letter C in the Ogham alphabet

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (“destruction”).

#### Noun

coll m
* destruction

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /kɔɬ/
* (South Wales) IPA: /koːɬ/, /kɔɬ/
* Rhymes: -ɔɬ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *koldom (“destruction”).

#### Noun

coll m (uncountable)
* loss
    Synonyms: aball, methiant, diffyg, pall

#### Adjective

coll (feminine singular coll, plural coll, not comparable)
* lost, missing

### Etymology 2

See cyll (“hazel”).

#### Noun

coll f (collective, singulative collen)
* (obsolete) hazel
* (obsolete) twig

### Derived terms

* (current) cyll (“hazel”)
* mapgoll (“avens”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “coll”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Wolof
### Noun

coll (definite form coll bi)
* summit, peak, tip
* cormorant

### References

* Fal, Arame, Santos, Rosine, Doneux, Jean Léonce (1990) Dictionnaire wolof-français, Paris: Éditions KARTHALA, →ISBN, page 53