# 咽

| 咽 | U+54BD, &#21693; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54BD |
| ← 咼 [U+54BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 咾 → [U+54BE] |
| 咽 | U+F99E, &#63902; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99E |
| ← 劣 [U+F99D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 烈 → [U+F99F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

咽 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口田大 (RWK), four-corner 6600$_0$, composition ⿰口因)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 188, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3577
* Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 616, character 2
* Unihan data for U+54BD
* Unihan data for U+F99E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 欭 | *qrils |
| 烟 | *qiːn, *qin |
| 胭 | *qiːn |
| 咽 | *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd |
| 恩 | *qɯːn |
| 煾 | *qɯːn |
| 因 | *qin |
| 姻 | *qin |
| 茵 | *qin |
| 鞇 | *qin |
| 氤 | *qin |
| 洇 | *qin |
| 駰 | *qin, *qrin |
| 絪 | *qin |
| 裀 | *qin |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 因 (OC *qin) – connected to the mouth, the throat.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yān (yan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yān
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yan
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^1$
*** Yale: yān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^1$
*** Yale: yīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
*** Tâi-lô: ian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'en
Rime :
| Character | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 烏前切 |
| Baxter | 'en |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔen/ |
| Wang Li | /ien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤi[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qiːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔen › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁi[n]/ |
| English | gullet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 15172 |
| Phonetic component | 因 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 煙 |
| Old Chinese | /*qiːn/ |

#### Definitions

咽
* (anatomy) throat, pharynx

#### Compounds

* 口咽 (kǒuyān)
* 咽喉 (yānhóu)
* 咽炎 (yānyán)
* 咽頭 / 咽头 (yāntóu)
* 喉咽 (hóuyān)
* 鼻咽 (bíyān)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see 嚥 (“to swallow”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 嚥).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yè (ye$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jit$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yè
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$
*** Yale: yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jit$^3$
*** Yale: yit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: 'et
Rime :
| Character | 咽 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 烏結切 |
| Baxter | 'et |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔet̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔet̚/ |
| Wang Li | /iet̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔiet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ye |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qiːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咽 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 15187 |
| Phonetic component | 因 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 噎 |
| Old Chinese | /*qiːd/ |

#### Definitions

咽
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make a hoarse sound

#### Compounds

* 咉咽
* 哽咽 (gěngyè)
* 嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* throat

#### Readings

* Go-on: えち (echi)、えん (en)
* Kan-on: えつ (etsu)、えん (en)
* Kan’yō-on: いん (in, Jōyō)
* Kun: のど (nodo, 咽)

#### Compounds

* 嗚(お)咽(えつ) (oetsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* いん Grade: S
* kan'yōon

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ĩɴ]

#### Affix

咽(いん) • (in)
* throat

##### Derived terms

* 咽(いん)喉(こう) (inkō)
* 咽(いん)頭(とう) (intō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* えつ Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC 'et).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [e̞t͡sɨ]

#### Affix

咽(えつ) • (etsu)
* choked; smothered: Only used in 嗚咽 (oetsu, “sobbing (n.), to sob (v.)”)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* えん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 咽 / 嚥 (MC 'enH).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

#### Affix

咽(えん) • (en)
* Alternative form of 嚥 (en, “swallow; gulp down”): Only used in 咽下 (enka, enge, “swallowing (n.), to swallow (v.)”)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* のど Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see the following entry. :
| 【のど】 | [noun] the throat [noun] (by extension) one's singing voice [noun] (by extension) one's vitals Alternative spellings 喉, 吭 |
(This term, 咽, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* のんど Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see the following entry: のんど
(The following entry is uncreated: のんど.)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* のみど Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see the following entry: のみど
(The following entry is uncreated: のみど.)

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 咽
* のみと Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see the following entry: のみと
(The following entry is uncreated: のみと.)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC 'en).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅧᆫ (Yale: qyèn) | ᅙᅧᆫ (Yale: qyèn) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 목ᄭᅮ무 (Yale: mwòk-s-kwùmwù) | 연 (Yale: yèn) |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 식구무 (Yale: sik-kwumwu) | 연 (Yale: yen) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [in]
* Phonetic hangul: [인]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 咽 (eumhun 목구멍 인 (mokgumeong in))
* hanja form of 인 (“throat; pharynx”) [affix]

##### Compounds

* 이비인후과 (耳鼻咽喉科, ibiinhugwa)
* 인두 (咽頭, indu)
* 인후 (咽喉, inhu)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC 'et).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅧᇙ〮 (Yale: qyélq) | ᅙᅧᇙ〮 (Yale: qyélq) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 목몔 (Yale: mwok-myeyl) | 열 (Yale: yel) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jʌ̹ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [열]

#### Hanja

咽 (eumhun 목멜 열 (mongmel yeol))
* hanja form of 열 (“Used in 오열(嗚咽) (oyeol, “sobbing”): choked; smothered”)

##### Compounds

* 오열 (嗚咽, oyeol, “sobbing”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

咽: Hán Nôm readings: yết, nhằn, ịt, nhiết, yến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.