# 치다
## Early Modern Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Korean 치〮다〮 (Yale: chí-tá).

### Pronunciation

* (c. 1750) IPA: [t͡ɕʰi.da]

### Verb

치다 (chita) (infinitive 쳐 (chye), sequential 치니 (chini)) (transitive)
* to rear, to raise (animals or children)
* (of animals) to bear, to breed (offspring)
* to cultivate (virtue, morality, etc.)
* to wait on (a parent, etc.)

#### Descendants

* Korean: 치다 (chida)

## Jeju
### Etymology

Cognate with Korean 찌다 (jjida).

### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽t͡ɕʰita⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [t͡ɕʰida̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [치다]

### Verb

치다 (chida)
* to steam

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰida̠]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [치다]

### Etymology 1

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 티〮다〮 (Yale: thí-tá).

#### “to call (on the telephone)”

    The Yanbian meaning “to call (on the telephone)” is a semantic loan from Chinese 打 (dǎ, “to hit; to call”).

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 치다 (chida) |
| Causative | 치이다 (chiida) |
| Passive | 치이다 (chiida) |
치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니)
* (transitive) to hit, to beat, to strike, to slap, to pound
    박수를 치다 ― baksu-reul chida ― to clap (literally, “to beat an applause”)
** (transitive) to strike, to attack (an enemy country or location)
    적의 후방을 노려서 치다jeog-ui hubang-eul noryeoseo chidato tactically assault the enemy from the rear
** (transitive) (of a clock) to strike (an hour)
    벽에 걸린 시계가 12시를 쳤다.Byeog-e geollin sigye-ga yeoldusi-reul cheotda.The clock on the wall struck noon.
** (transitive) to run over (with a vehicle)
    차가 사람을 치고 가버렸다.Cha-ga saram-eul chigo gabeoryeotda.A car hit a person and left.
** (transitive) to forge (e.g. a sword or sickle)
    대장장이가 칼을 치고 있다.Daejangjang'i-ga kar-eul chigo itda.A blacksmith is forging a sword.
* (transitive) to play (cards, drums, piano, guitar, keyboard, or certain sports involving hitting a ball (see usage notes))
    기타를 치다 ― gita-reul chida ― to play the guitar (literally, “to hit the guitar”)
    테니스를 치다 ― teniseu-reul chida ― to play tennis (literally, “to hit tennis”)
* (intransitive, of natural phenomena)
** (of wind, rain, or snow in a storm) to blow/pour/snow
    밖에 눈보라가 세차게 치고 있다.Bakk-e nunbora-ga sechage chigo itda.A snowstorm is raging outside.
** (of frost) to form (usually on plants)
    된서리가 쳐 농작물이 상했다.Doenseori-ga cheo nongjangmur-i sanghaetda.Crops were damaged from the heavy frost.
** (of lightning) to strike; (of thunder) to thunder
    천둥이 우르르 쾅 하고 쳤다.Cheondung-i ureureu kwang hago cheotda.There was a roll of thunder.
** (of waves, etc.) to form
    바다에 파도가 심하게 치고 있다.Bada-e pado-ga sim-hage chigo itda.The waves are high at sea.
* (transitive) to swing; to shake:
** to wag (a tail); to flap (wings)
    개가 꼬리를 살랑살랑 치며 반겼다.Gae-ga kkori-reul sallangsallang chimyeo ban'gyeotda.Gently wagging its tail, a dog greeted [me].
    새가 날개를 파닥파닥 쳐 날아갔다.Sae-ga nalgae-reul padakpadak cheo naragatda.Fluttering its wings, a bird flew away.
** Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns related to shaking or trembling
    진저리를 치다 ― jinjeori-reul chida ― to shudder (from disgust, etc.)
    비행기 기체가 심하게 요동을 친다.Bihaenggi giche-ga sim-hage yodong-eul chinda.The fuselage of the plane rolls and pitches heavily.
** Used in 헤엄(을) 치다 (heeom(-eul) chida, “to swim”)
* (transitive) to type (e.g. on a keyboard)
    타자를 치다 ― taja-reul chida ― to type on a keyboard (literally, “to hit a typing”)
** (transitive) to send, to wire (a telegram)
    전보를 치다 ― jeonbo-reul chida ― to send a telegeram (literally, “to type a telegram”)
** (transitive) to radio (message, etc.)
    무전을 치다 ― mujeon-eul chida ― to radio a message (literally, “to type a radio message”)
* (transitive) to cut/slice a part/piece:
** to trim, to prune (branches or leaves)
    나무의 잔가지를 치다 ― namu-ui jan'gaji-reul chida ― to lop off twigs from a tree
** to cut, to shear (hair)
    머리를 짧게 치다 ― meori-reul jjalge chida ― to cut one's hair short
** (often with 채 (chae)) to cut, to shred (vegetables or fruits into strips)
    무를 채를 치다 ― mu-reul chae-reul chida ― to shred white radish into thin strips
** to slice (raw fish (회(膾) (hoe)))
    회를 치다 ― hoe-reul chida ― to slice raw fish
* (transitive) Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns related to sound
    Synonym: 지르다 (jireuda)
    아우성을 치다 ― auseong-eul chida ― to raise a clamour
    산 정상에 올라서 고함을 실컷 쳤다.San jeongsang-e ollaseo goham-eul silkeot cheotda.Having climbed to the top of the mountain, [I] screamed to my heart's content.
* (transitive, slang) to speak (a language); mainly used for aptitude.
    Synonym: 하다 (hada)
    옛날에 영어 좀 쳤는데 이제 다 까먹었다.Yennar-e yeong'eo jom cheonneunde ije da kkameogeotda.I used to speak a fair bit of English, but now I've completely forgotten.
* (transitive) to take (a test, etc.)
    Synonym: 보다 (boda)
    시험을 치다 ― siheom-eul chida ― to take a test
* (transitive, with 점(占) (jeom)) to tell one's fortune
* (transitive) to stamp
    도장/인을 치다 ― dojang/in-eul chida ― to stamp
* (transitive) Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns in various idiomatic usages
** Nouns meaning something bad or undesirable (e.g. a lie)
    사기를 치다 ― sagi-reul chida ― to commit fraud
    거짓말을 친 것이 들통이 났다.Geojinmar-eul chin geos-i deultong-i natda.The fact that [he] had told a lie was revealed.
** Nouns related to walking
    종종걸음을 치다 ― jongjonggeoreum-eul chida ― to walk with hasty steps
** Nouns related to laughter or smiling
    눈웃음을 치다 ― nunuseum-eul chida ― to wear a smile on one's eyes
* (transitive, Yanbian) to call (on the telephone)
    Synonym: (Standard Korean) 걸다 (geolda)

##### Usage notes

* (playing sports involving hitting a ball): sports that take this verb include: 골프 (golpeu, “golf”), 당구(撞球) (danggu, “billiards”), 볼링 (bolling, “bowling”), 배드민턴 (baedeuminteon, “badminton”), 탁구(卓球) (takgu, “table tennis”), 테니스 (teniseu, “tennis”), and their synonyms. Most other sports usually only take 하다 (hada, “to do”).
* (playing a musical instrument involving hitting): musical instruments that take this verb include: 기타 (gita, “guitar”), 드럼 (deureom, “drum”), 피아노 (piano, “piano”), and their synonyms (usually percussion instruments).

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 치〮다〮 (Yale: chí-tá).

#### Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)
* to rear, to raise (animals) (especially livestock or poultry, but also bees or silkworms)
    Synonyms: 기르다 (gireuda), 키우다 (kiuda)
* (of animals) to bear, to breed (offsprings)
    어미 개가 새끼를 쳤다. ― Eomi gae-ga saekki-reul cheotda. ― The mother dog whelped.
* (of plants) to spread, to shoot out (branches)
    나무가 가지를 친다. ― Namu-ga gaji-reul chinda. ― A tree spreads its branches.
* to keep, to lodge (roomers or guests)
    학생들을 하숙을 치다 ― haksaeng-deur-eul hasug-eul chida ― to board students

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Of native Korean origin.

#### Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)
* to value; to consider
    초보자 치고는 잘하는데? ― choboja chigoneun jal-haneunde? ― You do well for a beginner.
    그는 돈을 최고로 친다. ― Geu-neun don-eul choego-ro chinda. ― He values money above all things.
    값을 너무 낮게 친 거 같다. ― Gaps-eul neomu natge chin geo gatda. ― I think [we] have set the price too low.
    그렇다 치더라도 벌이 너무 가혹한 거 아니야?geureota chideorado beor-i neomu gahok-han geo aniya?All things considered, don't you think the punishment is quite harsh?
    이 돈은 원으로 치면 얼마 정도야?i don-eun won-euro chimyeon eolma jeongdo-ya?How much would this be worth in wons?
* to count, to include
    너까지 치면 다섯 명이야.Neo-kkaji chimyeon daseot myeong-iya.Including you, it will be five people.
* to assume, to suppose
    네가 갑자기 부자가 됐다고 치자, 그럼 처음에 뭐 부터 할 거 같아?ne-ga gapjagi buja-ga dwaet-dago chija, geureom cheo'eum-e mwo buteo hal geo gata?Let's say you've suddenly become a rich person, what would be the first thing you do?

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 티〮다〮 (Yale: thí-tá).

#### Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)
* to draw, to cast, to put up (a net, shield, screen, curtain, etc.)
    모기장을 치다 ― mogijang-eul chida ― to put up a mosquito net
    강에 그물을 치다 ― gang-e geumur-eul chida ― to cast a net into a river
* to install (a wall, fence, barrier, etc.)
    울타리를 치다 ― ultari-reul chida ― to install fences
* to pitch, to set up (camp, a tent, etc.)
    진을 치다 ― jin-eul chida ― to set up camp

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 5

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 츠〮다〮 (Yale: chú-tá).

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 치다 (chida) |
| Causative | 치이다 (chiida) |
치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)
* to clear, to clean, to remove (by sweeping or scooping)
    눈을 치다 ― nun-eul chida ― to shovel snow
    쓰레기를 치다 ― sseuregi-reul chida ― to clear away garbage
* to dredge, to dig out (a ditch or waterway)
    논을 치다 ― non-eul chida ― to make rice paddies
    도랑을 치다 ― dorang-eul chida ― to dredge a ditch