# աթոռ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian աթոռ (atʻoṙ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈtʰor/, [ɑtʰór]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈtoɾ/, [ɑtʰóɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

աթոռ • (atʻoṙ)
* chair
* (rare) throne

#### Derived terms

* բազկաթոռ (bazkatʻoṙ)
* ճոճաթոռ (čočatʻoṙ)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is uncertain. An overview of opinions follows.
Windischmann compared with Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”). The comparison was revived by Marr, who derived both from a “Japhetic” root in the framework of his discredited Japhetic theory.
Müller derived from Aramaic אתר (ʾtr), אתרא (ʾtrʾ, “place”), Classical Syriac ܐܬܪ (ʾăṯar), ܐܬܪܐ (ʾaṯrā, “place”), for the sense development comparing Persian گاه (gâh, “throne; place”). This is rejected by de Lagarde and Hübschmann.
Hiwnkʻearpēyēntean derived from Turkish oturmak (“to take a sit”), oturak (“seat, stool”). Ačaṙyan rejected the comparison because the older forms of the Turkic word contain an -l-: compare Chagatai اولتورمق (olturmaq, “to sit”).
Karst connected with Sumerian 𒉣𒇬 (/⁠tur⁠/, “animal stall; triclinium; a place used to hold something or someone”).
J̌ahukyan and Olsen mark the origin as unknown, with J̌ahukyan remarking that աթոռ (atʻoṙ) is a late acquisition absent from Proto-Armenian.
Perhaps from the name of Assur, the capital of the Assyrian Empire: compare Classical Syriac ܐܬܘܪ (ʾtwr /⁠ʾĀṯūr⁠/, “the city of Assur”), sometimes transcribed as Āṯōr, Old Persian 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 (a-θ-u-r-a /⁠Aθurā⁠/, “Assyria”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur). The sense development could have been "capital, throne city, the Seat" → "throne, seat". For such a lexicalisation of city names in Mesopotamia, the most advanced civilisation neighbouring Proto-Armenians, compare բաւիղ (bawił), քաղաք (kʻałakʻ). In this case, a doublet of ասորի (asori).

### Noun

աթոռ • (atʻoṙ)
* chair, seat; bench; throne
    նստուցանել յաթոռ ― nstucʻanel yatʻoṙ ― to make one sit on a throne or chair; to throne
    նստել յաթոռ ― nstel yatʻoṙ ― to sit on a chair or throne
    աթոռս արկանել ― atʻoṙs arkanel ― to give seats or chairs
    ելանել յաթոռոյ ― elanel yatʻoṙoy ― to rise up, to get up
* a seat used in evacuating the bowels or in urinating, stool
* (biblical) throne (the third highest order of angel in Christian angelology, ranked above minions and below cherubim)

#### Derived terms

* աթոռագործ (atʻoṙagorc)
* աթոռագործեմ (atʻoṙagorcem)
* աթոռաժառանգ (atʻoṙažaṙang)
* աթոռակ (atʻoṙak)
* աթոռակալ (atʻoṙakal)
* աթոռակալութիւն (atʻoṙakalutʻiwn)
* աթոռակից (atʻoṙakicʻ)
* աթոռակցութիւն (atʻoṙakcʻutʻiwn)
* աթոռային (atʻoṙayin)
* աթոռանամ (atʻoṙanam)
* աթոռանի (atʻoṙani)
* աթոռասէր (atʻoṙasēr)
* աթոռընկալ (atʻoṙənkal)
* անաթոռք (anatʻoṙkʻ)
* զարմանաթոռ (zarmanatʻoṙ)
* զուգաթոռ (zugatʻoṙ)
* թիկնաթոռ (tʻiknatʻoṙ)
* խաչաթոռ (xačʻatʻoṙ)
* հակառակաթոռ (hakaṙakatʻoṙ)
* համաթոռ (hamatʻoṙ)
* նախաթոռ (naxatʻoṙ)
* նախաթոռութիւն (naxatʻoṙutʻiwn)
* սալաթոռ (salatʻoṙ)
* քրովբէաթոռ (kʻrovbēatʻoṙ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: աթոռ (atʻoṙ)

### References

* 1 2 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աթոռ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 89ab
* ↑ Windischmann, Friedrich (1846) Über die Grundlage des Armenischen im arischen Sprachstamme (in German), München: Königlich-Bayerische Akad. der Wiss., page 12
* ↑ Marr, N. Ja. (1935) Избранные работы [Selected Works]‎ (in Russian), volume V, Leningrad, Moscow: Государственное социально-экономическое издательство, pages 76, 363
* ↑ Müller, Friedrich (1863) “Beiträge zur Lautlehre der armenischen Sprache”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 41, page 11
* ↑ Müller, Friedrich (1894) “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 280
* ↑ Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 23, page 7
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 300
* ↑ Hiwnkʻearpēyēntean, Yovhannēs (1894) “աթոռ”, in Stugabanakan baṙaran hayocʻ lezui [Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Language]‎ (in Armenian), Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean Press, pages 153–154
* ↑ Karst, Josef (1911) “Zur ethnischen Stellung der Armenier”, in Nersēs Akinean, editor, Huschardzan: Festschrift aus Anlass des 100-jahrigen Bestandes der Mechitaristen-Kongregation in Wien (1811–1911), und des 25. Jahrganges der philosophischen Monatsschrift Handes amsorya (1887–1911) (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 408
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 264
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “աթոռ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 24b
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 950
* ↑ Marciak, Michał (2017) Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill
* ↑ Jensen, Peter (1898) Hittiter und Armenier (in German), Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 214
* ↑ Widengren G. (December 15, 1987) “ĀSŌRISTĀN”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աթոռ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “աթոռ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 4b