# تم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew תם (tám).

#### Pronunciation

* Verb: IPA: /tam.ma/

#### Verb

تَمَّ • (tamma) I (non-past يَتِمُّ (yatimmu), verbal noun تَمّ (tamm) or تِمّ (timm) or تُمّ (tumm) or تَمَام (tamām) or تِمَام (timām) or تُمَام (tumām) or تَمَامَة (tamāma) or تِمَامَة (timāma))
* to be fulfilled, to be completed
* (proscribed) to come about, to happen, to take place
* to persist [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘in something’]
* to continue [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something/doing something’]

##### Usage notes

* Particularly in newspaper and media style, تَمَّ (tamma) is often used with a verbal noun as its subject to express the English passive:
       تَمَّ ٱعْتِقالُ عَدَدٍ مِنَ ٱلْعَناصِرِ ٱلْإرْهابِيَّةِ فِي ٱلْقاهِرَةِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْأَمْسِ.tamma ʕtiqālu ʕadadin mina l-ʕanāṣiri l-ʔirhābiyyati fī l-qāhirati laylata l-ʔamsi.A number of terrorist militants were arrested in Cairo last night.

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ • (tamm or timm or tumm) m
* verbal noun of تَمَّ (tamma) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

تَمّ • (tamm) m
* swan (Cygnus gen. et spp.)
    Synonym: إِوَزٌّ عِرَاقِيّ (ʔiwazzun ʕirāqiyy)

##### Declension
### References

* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 206
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “تم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 315
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “تم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 117
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 187

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ثَمَّ (ṯamma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tamm/

### Adverb

تم • (tamm)
* Alternative form of تمة (tamma): there

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Middle Persian [script needed] (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Iranian *támHah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰäm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰäm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm]

#### Noun

تَم • (tam)
* (archaic) darkness, blackness
* a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil
* any veil or covering

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French thème.

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰem]

#### Noun

تِم • (tem)
* theme

## South Levantine Arabic

Picture dictionary :
تم
جمجمة
مخ
عين
شفة
منخار
تم
دقن
فك
دان
صدغ
رقبة :

### Etymology

From Arabic فَم (fam) through فُمّ (fumm) and then dissimilated ثُمّ (ṯumm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tumm/, [tʊm]
* IPA: /temm/, [tɪm]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

تم • (tumm, temm) m (plural تمام (tmām))
* mouth

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, nom. sg.).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪ʊm/

### Pronoun

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)
* (semiformal, familiar) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English ye.
    کیا تم مجھ سے محبت کرتی ہو؟ ― kyā tum mujh-se mohabbat kartī ho? ― Do you love me?
    تم جیسے لوگوں کی ہی ضرورت ہے یہاں۔tum jaise logõ kī hī zarūrat hai yahā̃.People like you are needed here.

#### Usage notes

* تم is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
* Because تم is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term تم لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

### Determiner

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)
* The individual or group spoken or written to; you, ye, Early Modern English ye.
    تم احمق کوئی کام کے نہیں ہو۔tum ahmaq ko'ī kām ke nahī̃ ho.You idiots are of no use.

#### Declension
### See also

* آپ (āp) - formal, polite, grammatically plural
* تُو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
Urdu personal pronouns :
| Person | Description | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case |
| 1st person | singular | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مُجھ (mujh) | مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) | مُجھ کو (mujh ko), مُجھے (mujhe) |
| 1st person | formal (rare) | formal (rare) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) | خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) |
| 1st person | plural | plural | ہَم (ham) | ہَم (ham) | ہَم نے (ham ne) | ہَم کو (ham ko), ہَمیں (hamẽ) |
| 2nd person | informal (intimate) | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تُجھ (tujh) | تُو نے (tū ne) | تُجھ کو (tujh ko), تُجھے (tujhe) |
| 2nd person | semiformal (familiar) | semiformal (familiar) | تُم (tum) | تُم (tum) | تُم نے (tum ne) | تُم کو (tum ko), تُمْہیں (tumhẽ) |
| 2nd person | formal (polite) | formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp ne) | آپ کو (āp ko) |
| 3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یِہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is ne) | اِس کو (is ko), اِسے (ise) |
| 3rd person | proximal | plural / formal | یِہ (ye) | اِن (in) | اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) | اِن کو (in ko), اِنْہیں (inhẽ) |
| 3rd person | distal | singular / informal | وُہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us ne) | اُس کو (us ko), اُسے (use) |
| 3rd person | distal | plural / formal | وُہ (vo) | اُن (un) | اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) | اُن کو (un ko), اُنْہیں (unhẽ) |