# 最近
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuìjìn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi$^3$ gan$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dui$^1$ gin$^{5*}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiun
* Eastern Min (BUC): còi-*gê̤ṳng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kǔn / chòe-kīn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê$^3$ geng$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tsoe-jin; $^1$tsoe $^6$jin; $^5$tsoe-jin / $^5$tse-jin$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^4$-chin$^4$
*** Yale: dzwèi-jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
*** Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^3$ gan$^6$
*** Yale: jeui gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^3$ gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^3$ gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dui$^1$ gin$^{5*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tui³³ kin³²⁻³²⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chui-khiun
*** Hakka Romanization System: zui kiun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zui$^4$ kiun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su̯i⁵⁵ kʰi̯un⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: còi-*gê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡søy⁵³⁻²¹ køyŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kūn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuè-kūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kun
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴² kun²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ kun³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sue¹²⁻⁵³ kun²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kǔn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuè-kǔn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun²²/
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kīn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuè-kīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kin
*** IPA (Penang): /t͡sue²¹⁻³³ kin²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kin²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴¹ kin³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zuê$^3$ geng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuè kṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsoe-jin; $^1$tsoe $^6$jin; $^5$tsoe-jin
*** MiniDict: tsoe$^平$ jin; tsoe$^平$ jin$^去$; tsoe$^去$ jin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsoe-jjin; $^1$tsoe $^3$jjin; $^2$tsoe-jjin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/, /t͡sø⁴⁴ d͡ʑin²³/, /t͡sø³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tse-jin$_6$
*** MiniDict: tse$^去$ jin$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡se⁵² d͡ʑin³³/
* $^1$tsoe $^6$jin — The adjective sense can only take this reading in Shanghainese whilst the adverb sense can take all the readings listed;
* $^5$tsoe-jin — somewhat rare in Shanghainese.

#### Adverb

最近
* recently; lately; of late
       Shìbùshì zuìjìn hěn máng? [Pinyin]
       Been busy lately?
       Wǒ zuìjìn mǎi le yī kuài dì. [Pinyin]
       I bought a piece of land recently.
       Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le. [Pinyin]
       She ran off to Shanghai recently.

##### Synonyms

* 一向 (yīxiàng)
* 只兩幫 / 只两帮 (cī-lâng-bōng) (Eastern Min)
* 只幫 / 只帮 (cī-bōng) (Eastern Min)
* 呢排 (Cantonese)
* 新近 (xīnjìn)
* 日來 / 日来 (rìlái) (literary)
* 比來 / 比来 (bǐlái) (literary)
* 比年 (bǐnián) (literary)
* 比歲 / 比岁 (bǐsuì) (literary)
* 近來 / 近来 (jìnlái)
* 近排 (gan$^6$ paai$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 這擺 / 这摆 (Hokkien)
* 這擺仔 / 这摆仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這番仔 / 这番仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這程 / 这程 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這站 / 这站 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這站仔 / 这站仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這過 / 这过 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這過仔 / 这过仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這陣 / 这阵 (zhèzhèn) (colloquial)
* 邇來 / 迩来 (ěrlái) (literary)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 最(さい)近(きん) (saikin)
* → Korean: 최근(最近) (choegeun)

#### Adjective

最近
* latest; most recent
       Zhè shì zuìjìn yī qī de “Dúzhě”. [Pinyin]
       This is the latest issue of Duzhe.

##### Synonyms

* 全新 (quánxīn)
* 最新 (zuìxīn) (attributive)
* 嶄新 / 崭新 (zhǎnxīn)
* 斬新 / 斩新 (zhǎnxīn) (literary)
* 新簇簇 (san$^1$ cuk$^1$ cuk$^1$) (Cantonese, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 新觸觸 / 新触触 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 新點點 / 新点点 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 簇新 (cùxīn)
* 銃新 / 铳新 (Hakka)
* 非常新 (fēicháng xīn)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuìjìn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^3$ kan$^5$ / zeoi$^3$ gan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiûn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kīn / chòe-kǔn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê$^3$ geng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^4$-chin$^4$
*** Yale: dzwèi-jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
*** Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^3$ kan$^5$ / zeoi$^3$ gan$^6$
*** Yale: jeui káhn / jeui gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^3$ kan$^5$ / dzoey$^3$ gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^3$ ken$^5$ / zêu$^3$ gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³³ kʰɐn¹³/, /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/
* zeoi3 kan5 - vernacular;
* zeoi3 gan6 - literary.

#### Adjective

最近
* nearest; closest
       Nǎge yīyuàn lí zhèr zuìjìn? [Pinyin]
       Which hospital is closest to here?

##### Synonyms

* (Min Nan) 第近

### References

* “最近”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 最 | 近 |
| さい Grade: 4 | きん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

最 (sai-, “most”) +‎ 近 (kin, “close”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいきん [sàíkíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠ikʲĩɴ]
* Homophone: 細菌

### Noun

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin)
* the latest; the most recent

### Adverb

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin)
* nowadays
* recently
** マンガで分かるLisp (The Manga Guide to Lisp)
    みりん。地(ち)域(いき)猫(ねこ)。最(さい)近(きん)までマクロのことをマグロと思(おも)っていた。
       Mirin. Chīkineko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.
       Mirin: A neighbours' cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].

#### Derived terms

* 極(ごく)最(さい)近(きん) (gokusaikin, “very recently”) (uncommon)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 最 | 近 |

### Noun

最近 • (choegeun) (hangeul 최근)
* hanja form of 최근 (“the latest, the most recent”)