OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# abysm
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English abime, from Old French abisme from Late Latin *abyssimus, a superlative of abyssus (“bottomless pit”), from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). Cognate to French abîme. See also abyss.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈbɪzəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪzəm

### Noun

abysm (plural abysms)
* (archaic, poetic) Hell; the infernal pit; the great deep; the primal chaos. [from between 1150 and 1350]
** 2025, Peter Ross, “Discover the Astounding Secrets of Scotland’s Stone Age Settlements. In the Orkney Islands, archaeologists close the chapter on a legendary excavation, capping two decades of remarkable Neolithic discoveries”, in Smithsonian‎, volume 55, number 7: January/February:Orkney is an archipelago of 70 or so islands lying off the northeast tip of Scotland. “Everywhere in Orkney there is the sense of age, the dark backward and abysm,” the late Orcadian poet George Mackay Brown wrote. “The islands have been inhabited for a very long time, from before the day of the plough.”
* (now chiefly literary) An abyss; a gulf, a chasm, a very deep hole. [from late 15th century]
** 1623, Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, III, xiii:The abysm of hell.
** 1946, Mervyn Peake, “The Grotto”, in Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode:Dr. Prunesquallor had circled around Steerpike with his head drawn back so that his cervical vertebrae rested against the near wall of his high collar, and a plumbless abysm yawned between his Adam’s apple and his pearl stud.
** 2015 January 30, Glyn Maxwell, “‘Ideas of Order,’ by Neil L. Rudenstine [book review; print version: Eternal lines: A guide to Shakespeare's sonnets, International New York Times, 2 February 2015, p. 7]”, in The New York Times‎:[T]he Shakespearean sonnet doesn't lend itself to a sequential narrative, because the rhymed couplet, without its paired feet trembling at that abysm of time, has to settle instead for the sound of sighing resolution, at regular intervals, over and over, before taking a deep breath and returning usually, for better or worse, to the same subject.

#### Alternative forms

* abime, abyme

#### Derived terms

* abysmal
* abysmic

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abysm”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 6.
* 1 2 3 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abysm”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 11.
* “abysm”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Byams
# Luzern
## German
### Alternative forms

* LU (canton; ISO 3166-2:CH)
* Lutzern (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [luˈt͡sɛʁn]
** Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛʁn

### Proper noun

Luzern n (proper noun, genitive Luzerns or (optionally with an article) Luzern)
* Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland)
    Synonym: Kanton Luzern
* Lucerne (the capital city of Luzern canton, Switzerland)

#### Derived terms

* Luzerner
* Luzernerin
* luzernisch

### See also

* Aargau
* Appenzell Ausserrhoden
* Appenzell Innerrhoden
* Basel-Landschaft
* Basel-Stadt
* Bern
* Freiburg
* Genf
* Glarus
* Graubünden
* Jura
* Luzern
* Neuenburg
* Nidwalden
* Obwalden
* Schaffhausen
* Schwyz
* Solothurn
* St. Gallen
* Tessin
* Thurgau
* Uri
* Waadt
* Wallis
* Zug
* Zürich

### Further reading

* “Luzern” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Luzern” in Duden online
* “Luzern” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# Lucerna
## Catalan
### Proper noun

Lucerna f
* Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland)
* Lucerne (a city in Switzerland)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luˈt͡ʃɛr.na/
* Rhymes: -ɛrna
* Hyphenation: Lu‧cèr‧na

### Proper noun

Lucerna f
* Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)
* Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland)

#### Derived terms

* lucernese

### See also

* Appenzello Esterno
* Appenzello Interno
* Argovia
* Basilea Campagna
* Basilea Città
* Berna
* Friburgo
* Ginevra
* Giura
* Glarona
* Grigioni
* Lucerna
* Neuchâtel
* Nidvaldo
* Obvaldo
* San Gallo
* Sciaffusa
* Soletta
* Svitto
* Ticino
* Turgovia
* Uri
* Vallese
* Vaud
* Zugo
* Zurigo

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Luzern.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luˈt͡sɛr.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrna
* Syllabification: Lu‧cer‧na
* Homophone: lucerna

### Proper noun

Lucerna f (related adjective lucerneński)
* Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Lucerna in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Lucerna in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Lucerna in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* Luzerna (Sutsilvan)

### Proper noun

Lucerna f
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland)

#### Derived terms

* lucernais, lucernes
* Lucernais, Lucernes

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /luˈθeɾna/ [luˈθeɾ.na]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /luˈseɾna/ [luˈseɾ.na]
* Rhymes: -eɾna
* Syllabification: Lu‧cer‧na

### Proper noun

Lucerna f
* Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)
* Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland)
* Lucerne, Lake Lucerne (a lake in central Switzerland)
# Malaki
## Greenlandic
### Alternative forms

* (old orthography) Malake

### Etymology

Borrowed from Danish Malakias.

### Proper noun

Malaki
* a male given name from Danish

#### Related terms

* Mala

### References

* Nuka Møller: Kalaallit aqqi (Greenlandic personal names), Oqaasileriffik 2015, →ISBN
* Danskernes navne 2005, including the residents of Greenland

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈla.ki/, [məˈlɐ.ti]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English March.

#### Proper noun

Malaki
* March

#### See also

* Ianuali
* Pepeluali
* Malaki
* ʻApelila
* Mei
* Iune
* Iulai
* ʻAukake
* Kepakemapa
* ʻOkakopa
* Nowemapa
* Kēkēmapa

### Etymology 2

Ultimately from Hebrew מַלְאָכִי (mal'achi).

#### Proper noun

Malaki
* Malachi (biblical character)
* the book of Malachi
* a male given name originating from the Bible

### References

* Mary Kawena Pukui - Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1971, page 183
* Hawaii State Archives: Marriage records Malaki occurs in 19th century marriage records as the only name (mononym) of 3 men.

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Proper noun

Malaki
* (biblical) Malachi (book of the Old Testament of the Bible)

### See also

* Mwanzo
* Kutoka
* Walawi
* Hesabu
* Kumbukumbu
* Yoshua
* Waamuzi
* Ruthu
* Samueli 1
* Samueli 2
* Wafalme 1
* Wafalme 2
* Mambo ya Nyakati 1
* Mambo ya Nyakati 2
* Ezra
* Nehemia
* Esta
* Yobu
* Zaburi
* Methali
* Mhubiri
* Wimbo Bora
* Isaya
* Yeremia
* Maombolezo
* Ezekieli
* Danieli
* Hosea
* Yoeli
* Amosi
* Obadia
* Yona
* Mika
* Nahumu
* Habakuki
* Sefania
* Hagai
* Zekaria
* Malaki
# ixa
## Aragonese
### Determiner

ixa
* feminine singular of ixe

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʃa/ [i.ʃa]
* Rhymes: -iʃa, -a
* Hyphenation: i‧xa

### Noun

ixa inan
* The name of the Latin-script letter X/x.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

### Further reading

* “ixa”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]

## French
### Verb

ixa
* third-person singular past historic of ixer

## Latin
### Noun

ixa
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of ixon

## Occitan
### Noun

ixa f (plural ixas)
* ex (the letter x, X)

## Yámana
### Noun

ixa
* sea
# Pepeluali
## Hawaiian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English February.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.pe.luˈa.li/, [pe.pe.luˈwɐ.li]

### Proper noun

Pepeluali
* February

#### See also

* Ianuali
* Pepeluali
* Malaki
* ʻApelila
* Mei
* Iune
* Iulai
* ʻAukake
* Kepakemapa
* ʻOkakopa
* Nowemapa
* Kēkēmapa

### References

* Pepeluali in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
# Iulai
## Hawaiian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English July.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌi̯uˈlai̯/, [ˌjuˈlɐj], [ˌjuˈlɛj] (rapid speech)

### Proper noun

Iulai
* July

#### See also

* Ianuali
* Pepeluali
* Malaki
* ʻApelila
* Mei
* Iune
* Iulai
* ʻAukake
* Kepakemapa
* ʻOkakopa
* Nowemapa
* Kēkēmapa

### References

* Iulai in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.

## Tokelauan

Months :
| Previous: | Iuni |
| Next: | Aukuho |

### Etymology

Borrowed from English July. Akin to Hawaiian Iulai and Maori Hūrae.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i.u.ˈla.i]
* Hyphenation: I‧u‧la‧i

### Proper noun

Iulai
* July

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 27
# Kepakemapa
## Hawaiian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English September.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ke.pa.keˈma.pa/, [ke.pə.keˈmɐ.pə]

### Proper noun

Kepakemapa
* September

#### See also

* Ianuali
* Pepeluali
* Malaki
* ʻApelila
* Mei
* Iune
* Iulai
* ʻAukake
* Kepakemapa
* ʻOkakopa
* Nowemapa
* Kēkēmapa

### References

* Kepakemapa in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
# ӯ

| ӯ | U+04EF, &#1263; CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON |
| Composition: | у [U+0443] + ◌̄ [U+0304] |
| ← Ӯ [U+04EE] | Cyrillic | Ӱ → [U+04F0] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ӯ (upper case Ӯ)
* A letter of the Cyrillic script.

### Gallery

* Regular.

## Northern Mansi
### Letter

ӯ (ū) (lower case, upper case Ӯ)
* The twenty-eighth letter of the Northern Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, А̄ а̄, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Е̄ е̄, Ё ё, Ё̄ ё̄, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̄ о̄, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ы̄ ы̄, Ь ь, Э э, Э̄ э̄, Ю ю, Ю̄ ю̄, Я я, Я̄ я̄

## Orok
### Letter

ӯ (ū) (lower case, upper case Ӯ)
* The twenty-eighth letter of the Orok alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, А̄ а̄, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Е̄ е̄, Ӡ ӡ, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Ј ј, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ԩ ԩ, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̄ о̄, Ө ө, Ө̄ ө̄, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Х х, Ч ч, Э э, Э̄ э̄

## Tajik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɵ/

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

ӯ • (ü) (lower case, upper case Ӯ)
* The twenty-fifth letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

#### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Қ қ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ҳ ҳ, Ч ч, Ҷ ҷ, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Classical Persian او (ō)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɵ/, [ʔɵ]

#### Pronoun

ӯ • (ü) (Persian spelling او)
* he, she

##### Synonyms

* вай (vay)

### References

* “ӯ”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024
# Fukushima
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 福島(ふくしま) (Fukushima).

### Proper noun

Fukushima (plural Fukushimas)
* The capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
* A prefecture of Japan.
** 2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 151:Fukushima prefecture, located just south of Miyagi, was also part of the ancestral lands of the Emishi.
* The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster following a tsunami in 2011.
* A surname from Japanese.

#### Translations
### See also

* Aichi
* Akita
* Aomori
* Chiba
* Ehime
* Fukui
* Fukuoka
* Fukushima
* Gifu
* Gunma
* Hiroshima
* Hokkaidō
* Hyōgo
* Ibaraki
* Ishikawa
* Iwate
* Kagawa
* Kagoshima
* Kanagawa
* Kōchi
* Kumamoto
* Kyoto
* Mie
* Miyagi
* Miyazaki
* Nagano
* Nagasaki
* Nara
* Niigata
* Ōita
* Okayama
* Okinawa
* Osaka
* Saga
* Saitama
* Shiga
* Shimane
* Shizuoka
* Tochigi
* Tokushima
* Tokyo
* Tottori
* Toyama
* Wakayama
* Yamagata
* Yamaguchi
* Yamanashi

## Japanese
### Romanization

Fukushima
* Rōmaji transcription of ふくしま

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Fucuxima

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 福島 (Fukushima).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fu.kuˈʃĩ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /fu.kuˈʃĩ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fu.kuˈʃi.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fu.kuˈʃi.mɐ/

### Proper noun

Fukushima
* Fukushima (a city and prefecture of Japan)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福島 (Fukushima).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /fukuˈʃima/ [fʊ.xʊˈʃiː.mɐ]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /pukuˈʃima/ [pʊ.xʊˈʃiː.mɐ], (more native-sounding, no yod coalescence) /pukusˈjima/ [pʊ.xʊsˈjiː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -ima
* Syllabification: Fu‧ku‧shi‧ma

### Proper noun

Fukushima (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋ)
* a surname from Japanese

#### Statistics

* According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Fukushima is the 137,318th most common surname in the Philippines, occurring in 36 individuals.
# کرناٹک
## Punjabi
### Proper noun

کرناٹک • (karnāṭaka) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਰਨਾਟਕ)
* Karnataka (a state of India)

## Urdu

Picture dictionary :
کرناٹک
برصغیر پاک و ہند
افغانستان
کشمیر
پنجاب
پاکستان
بلوچستان
سندھ
ہریانہ
راجستھان
گجرات
ہماچل پردیش
اتر کھنڈ
اُتّر پردیش
بہار
جھارکھنڈ
مدھیہ پردیش
مہاراشٹرا
چھتیس گڑھ
اوڈیشہ
مغربی بنگال
تلنگانہ
کرناٹک
آندھرا پردیش
کیرلا
تامل ناڈو
بھارت
نیپال
بھوٹان
اروناچل پردیش
آسام
بنگلہ دیش
سری لنکا
مالدیپ
جزائر انڈمان
چین
برما :
* دہلیدہلی
* پاکستانپاکستان
* بنگلہ دیشبنگلہ دیش
* مشرق وسطیمشرق وسطی

### Etymology

Transliteration of Hindi कर्नाटक (karnāṭak)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kəɾ.nɑː.ʈək/
* Rhymes: -ək

### Proper noun

کَرْناٹَک • (karnāṭak) m (Hindi spelling कर्नाटक)
* Karnataka (a state of India)

#### See also

* آسام (āsām)
* آنْدْھرا پْرَدیش (āndhrā pradeś)
* اوڈِیشَہ (oḍīśa)
* اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش (arūnācal pradeś)
* اُتَّر پْرَدیش (uttar pradeś)
* اُتّّر کَھنْڈ
* بِہار (bihār)
* تامِل ناڈُو (tāmil nāḍū)
* تِلَن٘گانَہ (tilaṅgāna)
* تْرِیپُورَہ (trīpūra)
* جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر (jammū̃ o kaśmīr)
* جھارْکَھنْڈ (jhārkhanḍ)
* راجَسْتھان (rājasthān)
* سِکِّم (sikkim)
* مَدْھیَہ پْرَدیش (madhya pradeś)
* مَغْرِبی بَن٘گال (maġribī baṅgāl)
* مَنی پُور (manī pūr)
* مَہاراشْٹْرا (mahārāśṭrā)
* مِیزورَم (mīzoram)
* میگھالِیَہ (meghāliya)
* ناگالَینْڈ (nāgālainḍ)
* پَنْجاب (panjāb)
* چَھتِّیس گَڑھ (chattīs gaṛh)
* کَرْناٹَک (karnāṭak)
* کیرَلا (keralā)
* گوا (goā)
* گُجْرات (gujrāt)
* ہَرِیانَہ (hariyāna)
* ہِماچَل پْرَدیش (himācal pradeś)
# Ằ

| Ằ | U+1EB0, &#7856; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE |
| Composition: | A [U+0041] + ◌̆ [U+0306] + ◌̀ [U+0300] |
| ← ắ [U+1EAF] | Latin Extended Additional | ằ → [U+1EB1] |

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaː˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaː˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaː˨˩]
* Phonetic spelling: à

### Letter

Ằ (upper case, lower case ằ)
* The letter Ă with the grave accent.

#### See also

* (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
# Ạ

| Ạ | U+1EA0, &#7840; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW |
| Composition: | A [U+0041] + ◌̣ [U+0323] |
| ← ẟ [U+1E9F] | Latin Extended Additional | ạ → [U+1EA1] |

## Avokaya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

### Letter

Ạ (lowercase ạ)
* A letter of the Avokaya alphabet.

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaː˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaː˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaː˨˩˨]
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

Ạ (upper case, lower case ạ)
* The letter A with the underdot.

#### See also

* (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
# ⱥ

| ⱥ | U+2C65, &#11365; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE |
| ← Ɽ [U+2C64] | Latin Extended-C | ⱦ → [U+2C66] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

ⱥ
* (Teuthonista) An open front rounded vowel (IPA: [ɶ]).

#### Usage notes

The Teuthonista front rounded vowels, from high/close to low/open, are:
    y ꭚ ø ꬿ ꭁ ⱥ

## Central Mazahua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

### Letter

ⱥ (upper case Ⱥ)
* A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ
* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter A): Áá Àà Ââ Ǎǎ Ăă Ãã Ảả Ȧȧ Ạạ Ää Åå Ḁḁ Āā Ąą ᶏ Ⱥⱥ Ȁȁ Ấấ Ầầ Ẫẫ Ẩẩ Ậậ Ắắ Ằằ Ẵẵ Ẳẳ Ặặ Ǻǻ Ǡǡ Ǟǟ Ȁȁ Ȃȃ Ɑɑ ᴀ Ɐɐ ɒ Ａａ Ææ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜳꜳ Ꜵꜵ Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ
* (Letters with stroke or solidus): Ⱥⱥ Ƀƀ Ȼȼ Đđ Ɇɇ Ǥǥ Ħħ Ɨɨ Ɉɉ Ꝁꝁ Łł Øø Ᵽᵽ Ɍɍ Ŧŧ Ʉʉ Ɏɏ Ƶƶ Ꝥꝥ
# ậ

| ậ | U+1EAD, &#7853; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW |
| Composition: | a [U+0061] + ◌̣ [U+0323] + ◌̂ [U+0302] |
| ← Ậ [U+1EAC] | Latin Extended Additional | Ắ → [U+1EAE] |

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔəː˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔəː˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔəː˨˩˨]
* Phonetic spelling: ợ

### Letter

ậ (lower case, upper case Ậ)
* The letter â with the underdot.

#### See also

* (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
# ḷ

| ḷ | U+1E37, &#7735; LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW |
| Composition: | l [U+006C] + ◌̣ [U+0323] |
| ← Ḷ [U+1E36] | Latin Extended Additional | Ḹ → [U+1E38] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

ḷ
* (NAPA, UPA) a retroflex lateral approximant (IPA [ɭ ]).

### Letter

ḷ
* (IAST) transliterates Sanskrit syllabic ऌ (or equivalent).
    Synonym: l̥
* (international standards) transliterates Vedic ळ (or equivalent).

## Asturian
### Letter

ḷ
* see: ḷḷ

## Heiltsuk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /l̩̀/ ([ə̀l])

### Letter

ḷ (lower case Ḷ)
* A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, A̓ a̓, B b, C c, C̓ c̓, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, G g, Gv gv, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧv ǧv, H h, H̓ h̓, Ħ ħ, I i, Í í, I̓ i̓, K k, Kv kv, K̓ k̓, K̓v k̓v, L l, ʼL l̓, Ḷ ḷ, Ḷ́ ḷ́, ʼḶ ḷ̓, Ɫ ɫ, M m, ʼM m̓, Ṃ ṃ, Ṃ́ ṃ́, ʼṂ ṃ̓, N n, ʼN n̓, Ṇ ṇ, Ṇ́ ṇ́, ʼṆ ṇ̓, P p, P̓ p̓, Q q, Qv qv, Q̓ q̓, Q̓v q̓v, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, U u, Ú ú, U̓ u̓, W w, ʼW w̓, X x, Xv xv, X̌ x̌, X̌v x̌v, Y y, ʼY y̓, Z z, ʔ

## Inupiaq
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʎ/

### Letter

ḷ (upper case Ḷ)
* A letter of the Inupiaq alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (North Slope & Northwest Arctic)
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ch ch, G g, Ġ ġ, H h, I i, K k, L l, Ḷ ḷ, Ł ł, Ł̣ ł̣, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ŋ ŋ, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sr sr, T t, U u, V v, Y y (’)
* (Seward Peninsula)
* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b (Ch ch, Ə ə), G g, Ġ ġ, H h, I i, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sr sr, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zr zr, '
* (Uummarmiutun)
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ch ch, F f, G g, H h, Dj dj, I i, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, P p, Q q, R r, R̂ r̂, T t, U u, V v, Y y

## Tuareg
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lˤ/

### Letter

ḷ (upper case Ḷ)
* A letter of the Tuareg alphabet, written in the Latin script.
# ṇ

| ṇ | U+1E47, &#7751; LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW |
| Composition: | n [U+006E] + ◌̣ [U+0323] |
| ← Ṇ [U+1E46] | Latin Extended Additional | Ṉ → [U+1E48] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

ṇ
* (NAPA, UPA) a retroflex nasal (IPA [ɳ ]).
* (IAST, international standards) transliterates Sanskrit ण (or equivalent).

## Heiltsuk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǹ̩/ ([ə̀n])

### Letter

ṇ (upper case Ṇ)
* A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, A̓ a̓, B b, C c, C̓ c̓, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, G g, Gv gv, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧv ǧv, H h, H̓ h̓, Ħ ħ, I i, Í í, I̓ i̓, K k, Kv kv, K̓ k̓, K̓v k̓v, L l, ʼL l̓, Ḷ ḷ, Ḷ́ ḷ́, ʼḶ ḷ̓, Ɫ ɫ, M m, ʼM m̓, Ṃ ṃ, Ṃ́ ṃ́, ʼṂ ṃ̓, N n, ʼN n̓, Ṇ ṇ, Ṇ́ ṇ́, ʼṆ ṇ̓, P p, P̓ p̓, Q q, Qv qv, Q̓ q̓, Q̓v q̓v, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, U u, Ú ú, U̓ u̓, W w, ʼW w̓, X x, Xv xv, X̌ x̌, X̌v x̌v, Y y, ʼY y̓, Z z, ʔ

## Ngas
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ŋ/

### Letter

ṇ (upper case Ṇ)
* A letter of the Ngas alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter N): Ńń Ǹǹ Ňň Ññ Ṅṅ Ņņ Ṇṇ Ṋṋ Ṉṉ N̈n̈ Ɲɲ Ƞƞ ᵰ ᶇ ɳ ȵ ɴ Ｎｎ Ŋŋ NJNjnj Ǌǋǌ
* (Letters with dot): Ȧȧ Ạạ Ặặ Ậậ Ǡǡ Ḃḃ Ḅḅ Ċċ Ḋḋ Ḍḍ Ėė Ẹẹ Ḟḟ Ġġ Ḣḣ Ḥḥ Ii İi Iı Ịị Ḳḳ Ḷḷ Ṁṁ Ṃṃ Ṅṅ Ṇṇ Ȯȯ Ọọ Ợợ Ṗṗ Ṙṙ Ṛṛ Ṡṡ Ṣṣ ẛ Ṫṫ Ṭṭ Ụụ Ựự Ṿṿ Ẇẇ Ẉẉ Ẋẋ Ẏẏ Ỵỵ Żż Ẓẓ
# ẽ

| ẽ | U+1EBD, &#7869; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE |
| Composition: | e [U+0065] + ◌̃ [U+0303] |
| ← Ẽ [U+1EBC] | Latin Extended Additional | Ế → [U+1EBE] |

## English
### Letter

ẽ
* (Early Modern, obsolete) The letter e with a tilde, replacing the sequence en or em.
    thẽ — them
    repẽt — repent

## Middle French
### Letter

ẽ
* The letter e with a tilde. Used to replace the sequence en or em.
    ẽtrer (entrer) ― to enter
    tẽps (temps) ― time

### Verb

ẽ
* Abbreviation of est (“is”).

## Old French
### Letter

ẽ
* The letter e with a tilde. Used to replace the sequence en or em.

### Verb

ẽ
* Scribal abbreviation of est (“is”).

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɛ˦ˀ˥]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɛ˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɛ˨˩˦]

### Letter

ẽ (lower case, upper case Ẽ)
* The letter e with the tilde.

#### See also

* (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)