# यम्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* যম্ (Assamese script)
* ᬬᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
* যম্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰧𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀬𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ယမ် (Burmese script)
* યમ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਯਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌯𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦪꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂨𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಯಮ್ (Kannada script)
* យម៑ (Khmer script)
* ຍມ຺ (Lao script)
* യമ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠶᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
* 𑘧𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠶ᠋ᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧇𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐫𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଯମ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢫꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆪𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖧𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
* යම් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩻𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚣𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
* யம் (Tamil script)
* యమ్ (Telugu script)
* ยมฺ (Thai script)
* ཡ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒨𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨪𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yam-, from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /jɐm/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /jɐm/

### Root

यम् • (yam)
* to sustain, hold, hold up, support
* to raise, wield (a weapon)
* to raise, extend or hold (as a screen)
* to extend one's self
* to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show
* to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control
* to give anything in exchange for anything
* to give up one’s self to, be faithful to, obey
* to utter (a sound)
* to fix, establish

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* यच्छति (yácchati, Present)
* यमति (yamati, Present)
* यंस्यति (yaṃsyáti, Future)
* यमिष्यति (yamiṣyáti, Future)
* यन्ता (yantā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अयांसीत् (áyāṃsīt, Aorist)
* अयन् (áyan, Aorist)
* यम्यात् (yamyā́t, Benedictive)
* ययाम (yayā́ma, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* यम्यते (yamyáte, Passive)
* अयामि (áyāmi, Passive Aorist)
* यामयति (yāmáyati, Causative)
* यमयति (yamayati, Causative)
* अयीयमत् (áyīyamat, Causative Aorist)
* यियंसति (yiyaṃsati, Desiderative)
* यंयमीति (yaṃyamīti, Intensive)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* यत (yatá, Past Participle)
* यन्तुम् (yántum, Infinitive)
* यन्तवे (yántave, Infinitive)
* यमितुम् (yamitum, Infinitive)
* यमितवै (yámitavái, Infinitive)
* यत्वा (yatvā́, Gerund)
* यमित्वा (yamitvā́, Gerund)
* यन्तव्य (yantavyà, Gerundive)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* यम (yáma)
* यत्य (yatya)
* यम्य (yamya)
* यमक (yamaka)
* यमिन् (yamin)
* यमन (yámana)
* यति (yáti)
* यन्तु (yántu)
* यन्तुर् (yantúr)
* यन्तृ (yantṛ)
* यन्त्र (yantrá)
* यमुना (yamúnā)
* यमीयस् (yamīyas)
* यमिष्ठ (yámiṣṭha)
* यमसान (yamasāná)
* याम (yā́ma)
* यामक (yāmaka)
* यामिन् (yāmin)
* यामन (yāmana)
* यंसेन्य (yaṃsénya)

##### Prefixed Root Forms

* आयम् (āyam)
* व्यायम् (vyāyam)
* वियम् (viyam)
* नियम् (niyam)
* प्रयम् (prayam)

#### Descendants
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “यम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 845/2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 130
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 399-400
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 610
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212