# jong
## English
### Etymology 1

From Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “fortress, castle; province, district”).

#### Alternative forms

* dzong

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dʒɒŋ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /dʒɔŋ/
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /dʒɑŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɒŋ

#### Noun

jong (plural jongs)
* A Tibetan building which makes up a prefecture; typically a monastery or fortress.
** 1905, Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet:The rock on which the jong stands must at one time have been lapped by the waters of the lake, but at the present time the Yam-dok tso has retreated so far, that a quashy stretch of vivid green quagmire spreads between the road and the shore.
** 1933, Robert Byron, First Russia, Then Tibet, Tauris Parke, published 2011, page 211:When they had gone I went for a solitary ride, rounding the Jong and striking out into the country through a subsidiary village.
** 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 451:However, the Tibetans refused to negotiate – except on the British side of the frontier – and withdrew into their fortress, or jong.
** 2011, Peter Harrison, Fortress Monasteries of the Himalayas, Osprey, published 2011, page 14:The origin of the Tibetan dzong is not known although there is evidence of Chinese and Mongol influences in the style of their military architecture.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Afrikaans jong (“male servant; boy”), from Dutch jongen (“young”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɒŋ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒŋ

#### Noun

jong (plural jongs)
* (South Africa, slang) A friendly term of address, especially for a young man.
** 1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, →ISBN, page 28:I take out my pocket knife and start to smooth it. What do you want with that stick says Jan. Nothing. Well throw it away. No jong I am going to keep it.

#### Further reading

* “jong, noun and interjection”, in Dictionary of South African English, Makhanda, Eastern Cape: Dictionary Unit for South African English, 1996–2025.
* “jong n.$^1$”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present

### Etymology 3

See djong.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʒɒŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɒŋ

#### Noun

jong (plural jongs)
* Alternative form of djong (“type of sailing ship”).

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch jongen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɔŋ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

jong (plural jongens)
* A male servant.
* (rare) A boy.
    Synonym: seun

#### Related terms

* jonk

### Adjective

jong
* attributive form of jonk

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch jonc, from Old Dutch jung, from Proto-West Germanic *jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós. Compare German jung, English young, Danish ung, Icelandic ungur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɔŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɔŋ
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

jong (comparative jonger, superlative jongst)
* young
* new

#### Antonyms

* oud

#### Derived terms

* jong geleerd is oud gedaan
* jonge hond
* jongeheer
* verjongen

#### Descendants

* Berbice Creole Dutch: junggu
* Negerhollands: jun
* Skepi Creole Dutch: jungu
* → Papiamentu: yòn, jonk
* → Saramaccan: njonku

### Noun

jong n (plural jongen, diminutive jonkie n or jongske n)
* a young: a young being, especially an immature animal

#### Derived terms

* hoerenjong
* rotjong

#### Descendants

* Negerhollands: jong, juṅ
** → Virgin Islands Creole: jun (dated)

### Verb

jong
* inflection of jongen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### See also

* jongen

## Garo
### Noun

jong
* younger brother

#### Synonyms

* jonggipa (formal)
* jojong
* angjong

## Javanese
### Romanization

jong
* Romanization of ꦗꦺꦴꦁ

## Khasi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟoŋ/

### Particle

jong
* genitive particle, of
    paralok jong nga ― my friend

## Limburgish
### Alternative forms

* jónk (Central Limburgish, East Limburgish, Southeast Limburgish, North Limburgish)
** joonk (Maastrichtian)
** jonk (Southeast Limburgish, Eupen)
* jóng (widespread variant)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch jonc, from Old Dutch jung, from Proto-West Germanic *jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós.

### Adjective

jong
* (rare variant) young

#### Alternative forms

* Jong (German-based spelling)
* jonk, Jonk (Southeast Limburgish)

#### Antonyms

* aajd

### Noun

jong m (plural jonges)
* boy, young guy
* (colloquial, Maastrichtian) a colloquial term of address for a man, along the lines of e.g. mate
    Wie geit 't mèt diech jong?How are you doing mate?
* A young: a young being, especially an animal.

### Related terms

* jungske (diminutive)

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /joŋ/
* Rhymes: -oŋ

### Adjective

jong (masculine jongen, neuter jongt, comparative méi jong, superlative am jéngsten)
* (regional, dated) Alternative form of jonk

#### Related terms

* Jong
* Jongfra

## Malay
### Etymology

Possibly from either:
* Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦁ (jong), possibly ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂luuŋ ~ *d₂luŋ ~ *d₂luəŋ ~ *d₂ləŋ (“boat”).
* Hokkien 船 (chûn) or Teochew 船 (zung$^5$), from Proto-Min *-džionᴬ (“ship, boat”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒɔŋ/
* Rhymes: -d͡ʒɔŋ, -ɔŋ
* Hyphenation: jong

### Noun

jong (Jawi spelling جوڠ, plural jong-jong, informal 1st possessive jongku, 2nd possessive jongmu, 3rd possessive jongnya)
* Jong (a Javanese-Malay cargo and passenger ship)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: jung (inherited)
* → Arabic: جُنْك (junk)
** → Dutch: jonk, djonk
** → Portuguese: junco, junquo, jungo
*** → English: junk
*** → Italian: giunco, giunca, giunchi (plural), giunche (plural), zonchi (plural)
**** → French: jonque
**** → German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke
**** → Latin: junkus, iunca, iuncus
***** → Dutch: ionco, iunco
***** → Italian: ioncque
****** → French: ionct
****** → Spanish: iuncque
*** → Spanish: junco, juanga, joanga

### Further reading

* “jong” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* “junk, n.$^3$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2024.

## Zou
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟoŋ˧/

### Noun

jong
* monkey

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40