# carioca
## English
### Etymology

From Portuguese carioca.

### Noun

carioca (plural cariocas)
* A sideways step in which one leg crosses over the other.
** 1982, Arthur J. Helfet, Disorders of the knee, page 388:In the final phase, the athlete works in non-cleated shoes on starts, stops, jumps, rounded side-step cuts, and crossover cuts, advancing to hard 90° cuts, and running tighter and tighter figures-of-eight. Defensive backs run sideways and backward and perform carioca (crossover) steps.
** 2006, Michael L. Voight, Barbara J. Hoogenboom, William E. Prentice, Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques for Therapeutic Exercise, →ISBN:These included the cocontraction maneuver (a shuffling maneuver around a semicircle while tethered to surgical tubing), a carioca (crossover stepping), and a shuttle run (an acceleration and deceleration test).
** 2007, Walter R. Frontera, Clinical Sports Medicine: Medical Management and Rehabilitation, →ISBN:Leg press, squat, circle running, figure eights, single-leg hops, vertical jumps, lateral bounds, one-legged long jumps, and carioca (crossover walking) are some examples.
* Alternative form of Carioca
** 2010, Ruy Castro, Rio de Janeiro: Carnival under Fire, →ISBN:But, for someone looking at it objectively, the relationship is a deceptive one – because at the same time as cariocas can't be seen working (shut up as they are in offices, government institutions and commercial establishments), everyone can see cariocas not working.
** 2011, Robert Minhinnick, The Keys of Babylon, →ISBN:Or he might go to Rio. Rio with its white sand. He knew a rhyme about Rio, its thieving cariocas who wore sparkling wedding dresses.
** 2012, Ade Asefeso, CEO Guide to Doing Business in Brazil, →ISBN:Even though cariocas are very professional they tend to be more laid back and easy going than business people from Sao Paulo. You can notice this as soon as you talk to a carioca.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Portuguese carioca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈɾjɔka/ [kɑˈɾjɔ.kɐ]
* Rhymes: -ɔka
* Hyphenation: ca‧rio‧ca

### Adjective

carioca m or f (plural cariocas)
* of, from or relating to the city of Rio de Janeiro

### Noun

carioca m or f by sense (plural cariocas)
* an inhabitant of the city of Rio de Janeiro

### Noun

carioca f (plural cariocas)
* young or immature hake (Merluccius merluccius)

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “carioca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “carioca”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “carioca”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese carioca, itself a borrowing from Guaraní/Old Tupi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈrjɔ.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɔka
* Hyphenation: ca‧riò‧ca

### Adjective

carioca (invariable)
* Carioca (of, from or relating to Rio de Janeiro)
    Synonym: fluminense

### Noun

carioca m or f by sense (invariable)
* Carioca (native or inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro)
* (feminine) carioca (dance)

### References

* carioca in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* acciaro, accorai, arcaico, caciaro, cariaco, coracia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Tupi Kariîooka, a former indigenous village in what is now Guanabara Bay.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ka.ɾiˈɔ.kɐ/ [ka.ɾɪˈɔ.kɐ], (faster pronunciation) /kaˈɾjɔ.kɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ka.ɾiˈɔ.kɐ/ [ka.ɾɪˈɔ.kɐ], (faster pronunciation) /kaˈɾjɔ.kɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ka.ɾiˈɔ.ka/ [ka.ɾɪˈɔ.ka], (faster pronunciation) /kaˈɾjɔ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐˈɾjɔ.kɐ/
* Audio (São Paulo):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔkɐ
* Hyphenation: ca‧ri‧o‧ca
* Homophone: Carioca

### Noun

carioca m or f by sense (plural cariocas)
* Carioca (inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro city)
    Os cariocas apreciam a praia de Copacabana.The inhabitants of Rio enjoy the beach of Copacabana.
* (proscribed) native or inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro state
    Synonym: fluminense

#### Descendants

* → English: Carioca

### Noun

carioca m (plural cariocas)
* weak coffee (with added hot water or from a second shot of spent espresso)

#### Derived terms

* carioca de limão

### Adjective

carioca m or f (plural cariocas)
* of, from or relating to Rio de Janeiro city
* (proscribed) of, from or relating to Rio de Janeiro state
    Synonym: fluminense

### References

* ↑ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “Carioca”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 555, column 2

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈɾjoka/ [kaˈɾjo.ka]
* Rhymes: -oka
* Syllabification: ca‧rio‧ca

### Adjective

carioca m or f (masculine and feminine plural cariocas)
* of, from or relating to Rio de Janeiro (city in Brazil)
* (Chile, Rioplatense, colloquial) of Brazil; Brazilian

### Noun

carioca m or f by sense (plural cariocas)
* Carioca (native or inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro (city in Brazil))
* (Chile, Rioplatense, colloquial) a Brazilian

### Further reading

* “carioca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10