# جهان
## Azerbaijani
### Noun

جهان
* Arabic spelling of cəhan

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Persian جهان (jahân).

### Noun

جهان • (cihan)
* world
* universe

#### Related terms

* جهان‌نما (cihan-numa)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: cihan

### Proper noun

جهان • (cihan)
* a male given name, Jahan

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Cihan

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “worldly creatures, world”), from Proto-Iranian *gayθānām, the genitive plural form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā- (“living, existence”) (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁- (gaēθā-, “world; creature”)), equivalent to Middle Persian [script needed] (gēh) +‎ [script needed] (ān), with the former component from Proto-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).
The original meaning of the word in Old Iranian and Middle Persian was (worldly) creatures, but the term in late Middle Persian and in Modern Persian came to mean ‘world’ in general.
Doublet of کیهان (keyhân).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn], [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒɔːɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

#### Noun

جهان • (jahân) (plural جهان‌ها (jahân-hâ))
* world; universe
    Synonyms: دنیا (donyâ), گیتی (giti), عالم (âlam)
    جَهانِ آزاد ― jahân-e âzâd ― the free world
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان او بود مقصود جانش در جهانtā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

##### Alternative forms

* گیهان (geyhân) (archaic)

##### Derived terms

* جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
* جهانگرد (jahângard)
* جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
* جهانی (jahâni)
* جهان‌آرا (jahân-ârâ)
* جهان‌آفرین (jahân-âfarin)
* جهان‌بخش (jahân-baxš)
* جهان‌بین (jahân-bin)
* جهان‌دار (jahân-dâr)
* جهان‌دیده (jahân-dide)
* جهان‌شُمول (jahân-šomul)
* جهان‌نما (jahân-namâ)
* جهان‌وطن (jahân-vatan)
* جهان‌پهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
* جهان‌گشا (jahân-gošâ)
* پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: cahan
* → Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
* → Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
* → Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
* → Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जहान (jahān)
    Urdu: جہان (jahān)
* → Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
* → Malay: johan
** Indonesian: johan
* → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan)
** Turkish: cihan
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)
    Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)
* → Rohingya: jáhan
* → Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
* → Uzbek: jahon
* → Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

#### Proper noun

جهان • (jahân)
* a male or female given name, Jahan

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
* → Malay: johan
** Indonesian: johan
* → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
** Turkish: Cihan
* → Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)

### Etymology 2

From جه (jeh, present stem of جستن (jastan, “to leap”)) +‎ ـان (-ân).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]

#### Adjective

جهان • (jehân)
* leaping; bounding
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان او بود مقصود جانش در جهانtā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

### References

* ↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3