# ice
## Translingual
### Symbol

ice
* (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Icelandic.

## English
### Etymology

From Middle English is, from Old English īs (“ice”), from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).
See also Saterland Frisian Íes, West Frisian iis, Dutch ijs, German Low German Ies, German Eis, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish is; also Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian их (ix), ех (ex, “ice”), Persian یخ (yax), Northern Kurdish qeş. Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /aɪs/
* (Canada, many US accents) IPA: [ʌɪs]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (London):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪs

### Noun

ice (usually uncountable, plural ices)
* Water in frozen (solid) form.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:If thou doſt marry, Ile giue thee / This plague to thy dowry: / Be thou as chaſte as yce, as pure as ſnowe, / Thou ſhalt not ſcape calumny, to a Nunnery goe.
** 1882, Popular Science Monthly (volume 20), "The Freezing of a Salt Lake"
    It has always been difficult to explain how ice is formed on the surface of oceans while the temperature of maximum density is lower than that of cogelation, and the observations on this lake were instituted in the hope that they might throw light upon the subject.
** 2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8835, page 80:Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.
* (physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
* (astronomy) Any volatile chemical, such as water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, not necessarily in solid form, when discussing the composition of e.g. a planet as an ice giant vs a gas giant.
** 2010 March 15, Lance K. Erickson, Space Flight: History, Technology, and Operations, Government Institutes, →ISBN, page 145:Above the core is the lower-density liquid mantle composed of ice materials under high pressure and temperature. This massive liquid layer would not be separated into layers of traditional ice compounds, but mixtures of radically different compounds originally consisting of water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia […] Since the mass of the planet is dominated by the liquid mantle that itself consists of heated ices under pressure, both Uranus and Neptune are classified as giant ice planets.
** 2010 December 2, Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Principles of Planetary Climate, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 20:Uranus and Neptune are […] usually classified separately as ice giants because they contain a much higher proportion of ice-forming substances such as water, ammonia, and methane. […] In the case of Uranus, the ice mantle must make up between 9.3 and 13.4 Earth masses worth of the total mass of the planet, which is 14.5 Earth masses. Similar proportions apply to Neptune. The commonly used term "ice mantle" is someone misleading, since the substance is actually a hot, slushy mixture that would be more aptly described as a water–ammonia ocean.
** 2022, Geophysical Exploration of the Solar System, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 45:Neptune has one major moon: Triton, which is comparable in size to the Jovian moon Europa and at an average density of 2.061 g/cm$^3$ widely understood to be covered by several hundred km of frozen or liquid ice.
* (figuratively) Something having an extreme coldness of manner.
    a heart of ice
** 2023 January 27, Gay Degani, “Scablands”, in The Saturday Evening Post‎, Indianapolis, I.N.: Saturday Evening Post Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-29:Her eyes flash with anger, her voice ice. "You afraid of the law? You haven't changed. I want you out of my house now."
* (figuratively) Something, such as awkwardness, that prevents open social interaction.
** 1982 February 6, Bob Nelson, “'Rocky Relations' in New York Getting Smoother”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 28, page 3:The dialogues—or "raps"—usually take place on a monthly or bi-monthly basis and aim at fostering contacts hand at breaking through stereotypical notions held by both sides. "There's no question that there's ice to begin with," said Lance Bradley, who conducts the raps for Chelsea's Tenth Precinct.
    break the ice
* (ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
** 2006, CBC, Finland, Sweden 'the dream final', February 26 2002,
    The neighbouring countries have enjoyed many great battles on the ice. They last met for gold at the 1998 world championship, won by Sweden. Three years earlier, Finland bested Sweden for the only world title in its history.
* (now dialectal) Icing; frosting ("a sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar").
** 1990, Jean Faley, quoting John McKee, Up Oor Close: Memories of Domestic Life in Glasgow Tenements, 1910–1945, Wendlebury, Oxon: White Cockade, →ISBN, page 132:Well weddings, they were just the usual ... my big brother was married in the Masonic and the Co-operative done the party. Steak pie and tatties, and all that sort of stuff. The wee square Albert cake with ice on it, fruit cake. Then the wee dance after that. There was no drinking at oor wedding!
* (countable)
** A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.
** (UK, dated) An ice cream.
** (obsolete) An individual piece of ice.
* (slang, crime)
** Elephant or rhinoceros ivory that has been poached and sold on the black market.
** An artifact that has been smuggled, especially one that is either clear or shiny.
** Money paid as a bribe.
*** 1960, United States. Congress, Congressional Record:Theater operators, theater party agents, playwrights, and others who have ready access to tickets may get in on the “ice” and sometimes the producer is in on it too.
*** 1970, Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates:This “ice” is bribe money paid to public officials to purchase protection for illegal activities. […] Just consider the “ice” money available to the men involved in the examples just cited.
** (drugs) The crystal form of amphetamine-based drugs.
*** 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 122:There were times when she could tell the Washingtons were overwhelmed by Jahlil's difficult ways, and one time Jessie even had the nerve to ask Carmiesha if she had smoked anything like crack or ice while she was pregnant with him.
* (slang) One or more diamonds.
** 2002, “Blueprint²”, performed by Jay-Z:But you can't give cred to anything dude says / Same dude to give you ice and you owe him some head
** 2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown‎, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:Ice on the wrist with the ice in the chains.
** 2014 August 18, Sarah Ballance, The Marriage Agenda, Entangled: Indulgence, →ISBN:[She had] eaten a dinner at better than a hundred dollars a bite and she had enough ice on her ring finger to sink the Titanic. Maybe she really didn't have any morals. But she had a chance. And she was taking it.
** 2014 September 1, Keisha Ervin, Reckless 2: Nobody's Girl, Urban Books, →ISBN:As she raised her left hand to get the crust out of her eye, she was blinded by the ice on her ring finger. Two bands filled with diamonds sat under and on top of her five-carat princess-cut engagement ring. Instantly, memories of her wedding day flooded her mind.

#### Hyponyms

* anchor ice
* arena ice
* black ice
* blue ice
* brash ice
* choc ice
* dead ice
* drift ice
* dry ice
* Italian ice
* methane ice
* negative ice
* nitrogen ice
* pack ice
* pancake ice
* polar ice
* sea ice
* slob ice
* spin ice
* stagnant ice
* water ice

#### Derived terms

* anticer
* anti-ice
* anti-icer
* artificial ice
* break the ice
* brinicle
* cat ice
* choc-ice
* clear ice
* cobblestone ice
* cold as ice
* cut ice
* deice
* de-ice
* deicer
* downhill ice cross
* fast ice
* field ice
* fire ice
* frazil ice
* fruit ice
* gletcher ice
* ground ice
* hair ice
* have no fear of ice cold beer
* home ice
* hot ice
* hummocky ice
* ice age
* ice-albedo feedback
* ice alga
* ice anchor
* ice and water shield
* iceane
* ice apple
* ice ax
* ice axe
* ice bag
* iceball
* ice ball
* ice barrier
* ice bath
* ice bear
* ice beer
* icebelt
* iceberg
* icebird
* iceblink
* iceblock
* ice blonde
* ice blue
* iceboard
* ice boat
* iceboat
* iceboating
* icebound
* icebow
* ice box
* icebox
* ice breaker
* icebreaker
* icebreaking
* ice bridge
* ice bucket
* ice bucket challenge
* ice burn
* ice-calm
* ice candle
* ice candy
* icecap
* ice cap
* ice carousel
* ice castle
* ice cave
* ice chest
* ice cider
* ice circle
* Ice City
* ice climbing
* ice cold
* ice-cold
* icecold
* ice cool
* ice core
* ice-covered
* icecraft
* ice crawler
* ice cream
* icecrete
* icecross
* ice cross
* ice cross downhill
* ice crystal
* ice cube
* ice cube tray
* ice cupboard
* ice dam
* ice-dammed
* ice dam membrane
* ice dance
* ice dancing
* ice disc
* ice disk
* ice diving
* ice dragon boat
* ice dragon boating
* icedrake
* ice drop
* icedrop
* ice dwarf
* icefall
* ice feather
* ice fern
* ice field
* icefish
* ice fish
* ice fishing
* ice-float
* ice floe
* icefloe
* ice fog
* icefoot
* ice foot
* ice fountain
* ice fractal
* ice-free
* ice giant
* ice giant planet
* ice girl
* ice-hearted
* ice hockey
* ice hole
* ice house
* icehouse
* ice husband
* ice ice water
* ice-jack
* ice jam
* ice kachang
* icekhana
* Iceland
* iceless
* icelight
* icelike
* ice lol
* ice lolly
* ice luge
* ice machine
* ice maiden
* icemaker
* icemaking
* iceman
* ice-marginal
* icemelt
* ice milk
* ice-minus
* ice minus
* ice monkey
* ice moon
* ice needle
* ice nucleus
* ice out
* ice-out
* ice pack
* ice-pail
* ice palace
* ice pancake
* ice pellet
* ice perry
* ice pick
* ice pillar
* ice plant
* ice plough
* ice plow
* ice point
* ice pole
* ice pop
* iceproof
* icequake
* ice queen
* icer
* ice racing
* ice resurfacer
* ice-rich
* ice rink
* ice road
* ice run
* ice-safe
* ice saints
* ice-saw
* icescape
* ice scooter
* ice scour
* ice scramble
* ice scraper
* ice sculpture
* ice sheet
* ice shelf
* ice shove
* ice show
* ice skate
* ice skating
* ice sky
* ice sled
* ice sledge
* ice spar
* icestone
* icestorm
* ice storm
* ice stupa
* ice swimmer
* ice swimming
* ice tea
* iceteroid
* icetime
* ice time
* ice tongue
* ice tray
* icetray
* ice tsunami
* ice-volcanic
* ice volcano
* ice wagon
* iceward
* icewards
* ice water
* iceway
* iceways
* ice wedge
* ice whale
* ice wife
* ice wine
* icewoman
* icework
* iceworks
* ice worm
* ice yacht
* ice yachting
* icicle
* icy
* keep one's stick on the ice
* keep someone on ice
* lolly ice
* Minnesota ice
* mop up the ice
* needle ice
* nonice
* off-ice
* on ice
* on thin ice
* put someone on ice
* sailing-ice
* sea ice
* sea-ice
* sell ice to Eskimos
* shatter the ice
* shaved ice
* shave ice
* shelf ice
* shell ice
* skate on thin ice
* slush ice
* snice
* snowdrift ice
* stink on ice
* stream ice
* synthetic ice
* time on ice
* trash ice
* water ice
* water-ice
* whelping ice
* young ice

#### Descendants

* Bislama: aes
* → Brunei Malay: ais
* → Japanese: アイス (aisu)
* → Korean: 아이스 (aiseu)
* → Malay: ais
* → Marshallese: aej, aij
* → Sinhalese: අයිස් (ayis)
* → Tokelauan: aiha

#### Translations
### Verb

ice (third-person singular simple present ices, present participle icing, simple past and past participle iced)
* (intransitive) To become ice; to freeze.
* (transitive) To cool with ice, as a beverage.
** 2008, Deirdre Pitney, Donna Dourney, Triathlon Training For Dummies, page 240:To treat runner's knee, you need to rest from running or any other high-impact activity, ice the knee, and strengthen the quadriceps through weight training.
* (transitive) To make icy; to freeze.
    The bridge ices before the road.
* (transitive) To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc.
* (transitive, ice hockey) To put out a team for a match.
    Milton Keynes have yet to ice a team this season
* (transitive, ice hockey) To shoot the puck the length of the playing surface, causing a stoppage in play called icing.
    If the Bruins ice the puck, the faceoff will be in their own zone.
* (transitive, slang) To murder.
** 2011, Gavin Knight, Hood Rat, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 158:Not long afterwards Wolf rings him up. 'I want you to ice someone for £15,000, he says. "No one you know."
* (transitive, slang) To defeat decisively.
    Despite his vulnerabilities, Clinton managed to ice Dole in his 1996 reelection campaign for President.

#### Derived terms

* ice down
* ice over
* ice up
* re-ice

#### Translations
### References

* “ice n.$^1$”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
* “ice v.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present

### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Ice”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “ice”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.
* ice on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* CEI, EIC, IEC

## Hausa
### Etymology

Uncertain, perhaps from a Saharan language; compare Dazaga idi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔí.t͡ʃèː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ʔɪ́.t͡ʃèː]

### Noun

icḕ m (possessed form icèn)
* wood
* tree
* stick

## Latin
### Verb

īce
* second-person singular present active imperative of īciō

## Manchu
### Romanization

ice
* Romanization of ᡳᠴᡝ

## Middle English
### Noun

ice (uncountable)
* Alternative form of is (“ice”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiː.t͡ʃe/

### Verb

īċe
* inflection of īċan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive

## Portuguese
### Verb

ice
* inflection of içar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Salar
### Pronunciation

* (Mengda, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [eʝɑ]

### Noun

ice (3rd person possessive icesi, plural iceler)
* Alternative form of ica
    Synonym: ama

### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “ica, ice, icü...”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 335, 336, 342
* 张, 进锋 (Ayso Cañ Cinfen) (2008) 乌璐别格 (Ulubeğ), 鄭初陽 (Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ), editors, Salar İbret Sözler 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar Proverbs]‎, China Salar Youth League, pages 3-4

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈiθe/ [ˈi.θe]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈise/ [ˈi.se]
* Rhymes: -iθe
* Rhymes: -ise
* Syllabification: i‧ce
* Homophone: hice

### Verb

ice
* inflection of izar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative