# زهر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zahr/

#### Noun

زَهْر • (zahr) m (collective, singulative زَهْرَة f (zahra), plural زُهُور (zuhūr) or أَزْهُر (ʔazhur) or أَزْهَار (ʔazhār) or أَزَاهِير (ʔazāhīr) or أَزَاهِر (ʔazāhir))
* flowers, blooms, blossoms
    Synonyms: نَوْر (nawr), وَرْد (ward)
    فِي فَصْلِ ٱلرَّبِيعِ تَتَفَتَّحُ ٱلزُّهُورُ.fī faṣli r-rabīʕi tatafattaḥu z-zuhūru.In spring, flowers bloom.
* die, dice
* cast iron

##### Derived terms

* زَهْر الثَّالُوث (zahr aṯ-ṯālūṯ)
* زَهْر الرَّبِيع (zahr ar-rabīʕ)
* زَهْر اللُّؤْلُؤ (zahr al-luʔluʔ)
* زَهْر الْعَسَل (zahr al-ʕasal)
* مَاء الزَّهْر (māʔ az-zahr)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: żahar
* Sicilian: zàgara
* → Ottoman Turkish: زار (zâr)
** Turkish: zar
* → Persian: زار (zâr)
** → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
** → Azerbaijani: zar
** → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
** → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)
* ⇒ Arabic: اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”)
** → Byzantine Greek: αζάριον (azárion), ζάριν (zárin)
*** Greek: ζάρι (zári)
** → Italian: zara
** → Old French: hasart
*** French: hasard
*** → English: hazard
** → Portuguese: azar
** → Spanish: azar

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.ha.ra/

#### Verb

زَهَرَ • (zahara) I (non-past يَزْهَرُ (yazharu), verbal noun زُهُور (zuhūr) or زَهْر (zahr))
* to shine, to be radiant, to give light

##### Conjugation
## Khalaj
### Noun

زَهر (zə̂r) (definite accusative زَهری, plural زَهرلَر)
* Arabic spelling of zə̂r (“poison, pain”)

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic زَهْر (zahr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zhar/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

زهر • (zhar) m
* luck

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Persian زهر (zahr, “poison, venom”).

### Noun

زهر • (zehr, zehir)
* poison, venom
    Synonyms: اغو (ağu), اوت (ot), سم (sem)
* anything very disagreeable
* grief, anxiety, care
* anger, rage, chafe

#### Alternative forms

* զէհր (zehr), զէհիր (zehir) — Armeno-Turkish

#### Derived terms

* زهرلك (zehirlik, “quality or effect of poison”)
* زهرلنمك (zehirlenmek, “to be poisoned”)
* زهزاب (zehrab, “poisoned water”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: zehir
* → Albanian: zeher
* → Armenian: զեհիր (zehir)
* → Serbo-Croatian: zȅher / зе̏хер

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zehir”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5447
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 651
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Venenum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1729
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زهر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 2487–2488
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zehir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زهر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1020

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian zʾhl (zahr, “poison, venom”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zahɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɑːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæɦɹ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæɦɹ]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [zæːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]

### Noun

زهر • (zahr) (plural زهرها (zahr-hâ))
* poison, venom

#### Derived terms

* جام زهر (jâm-e zahr, literally “poisoned chalice”)
* زهر مار (zahr-e-mâr)
* زهرآلود (zahrâlud)
* زهرآگین (zahrâgin)
* زهرشناس (zahr-šenâs)
* زهرشناسی (zahr-šenâsi)
* ضدزهر (zedd-e-zahr)
* پادزهر (pâdzahr)

#### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: զահր (zahr)
** Armenian: զահր (zahr)
* → Azerbaijani: zəhər
* → Bengali: জহর (zohor)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ज़हर (zahr)
    Urdu: زہر (zahr)
* → Gilaki: زهر (zahr)
* → Kazakh: зәр (zär)
* → Kermanic:
    Abyanehi: [script needed] (zāhr)
* → Khalaj: zə̂r
* → Larestani: زهر (zahr)
* → Sarikoli: [script needed] (zār)
* → Shughni: [script needed] (zār)
* → Ottoman Turkish: زهر (zehr)
** Gagauz: zihir
** Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: зе̏хер
    Latin script: zȅher
** Turkish: zehir
* → Turkmen: zäher
* → Chagatai:
** → Uyghur: زەھەر (zeher)
** → Uzbek: zahar
* → Yidgha: [script needed] (zahᵃr)

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “zahr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 97

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic زَهْر (zahr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zahr/, [ˈza.h(ɪ)rˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

زهر • (zahr) m (collective, singulative زهرة f (zahra), plural زهور (zhūr))
* (uncountable) flowers
    Synonym: ورد (ward)
* (uncountable) cauliflowers
    Synonym: قرنبيط (ʔarnabīṭ)

### Noun

زهر • (zahr) m (plural زهور (zhūr))
* dice

### Adjective

زهر • (zahr) (invariable)
* Alternative form of زهري (zahri, “pink”)