# स

| स | U+0938, &#2360; DEVANAGARI LETTER SA |
| ← ष [U+0937] | Devanagari | ह → [U+0939] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə/ (may vary by language)

### Letter

स (sa)
* the third sibilant of the Devanagari script

#### Usage notes

* Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.

#### See also

Ligatures:
* स्त्र (stra): स + त + र

## Dhivehi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s̺ə]

### Letter

स • (sa)
* The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari

## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə/, [sɐ]

### Letter

स • (sa)
* the thirty-second consonant in Hindi
* (music) the first note of the Hindi musical scale

#### See also

* Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़

## Konkani
### Alternative forms

* सो (so)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (“six”). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).

### Numeral

स • (sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script ಸ)
* six

## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

स • (sa)
* The thirty-first consonant in Marathi.

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: स

### Letter

स • (sa)
* The thirty-second consonant in Nepali.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* sa (Latin script)
* 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* স (Bengali script)
* ස (Sinhalese script)
* သ (Burmese script)
* ส or สะ (Thai script)
* ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
* ស (Khmer script)
* 𑄥 (Chakma script)
* so (Latin script)
* 𑀲𑁄 (Brahmi script)
* सो (Devanagari script)
* সো (Bengali script)
* සො (Sinhalese script)
* သော or သေႃ (Burmese script)
* โส (Thai script)
* ᩈᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂສ (Lao script)
* សោ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄮 (Chakma script)

### Pronoun

स (sa)
* Devanagari script form of sa

### Adjective

स (sa)
* Devanagari script form of sa, which is masculine nominative singular of त (ta, “that”)

### Noun

स (sa)
* Devanagari script form of sa, which is vocative singular of सन् (san, “dog”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* স (Assamese script)
* ᬲ (Balinese script)
* স (Bengali script)
* 𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* သ (Burmese script)
* સ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸 (Grantha script)
* ꦱ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮 (Kaithi script)
* ಸ (Kannada script)
* ស (Khmer script)
* ສ (Lao script)
* സ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳 (Newa script)
* ସ (Odia script)
* ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭 (Siddham script)
* ස (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨 (Takri script)
* ஸ (Tamil script)
* స (Telugu script)
* ส (Thai script)
* ས (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ/, /sɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪ɐ/

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

स • (sa)
* the thirty-second consonant in Sanskrit
    Synonym: सकार (sakāra)
* the last of the three sibilants

#### See also

* Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ॠ, ऌ, ॡ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, ऽ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, ळ, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, from Proto-Indo-European *só. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

स • (sá) m
* masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); he, it, that

#### Determiner

स • (sá) m
* masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); that one

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.

#### Prefix

स • (sa)
* an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"
* when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"
    सकोप (sa-kopa) — full of anger, enraged, displeased
    साग्नि (sā*gni) — together with the fire
    सभार्य (sa-bhārya) — with a wife, having a wife
    सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa
    सधर्मन् (sa-dharman) — having the same duties
    सवर्ण (sa-varṇa) — having the same colour or appearance, similar, like
* "-ly"
    सकोपम् (sa-kopam) — angrily
    सोपधि (so*padhi) — fraudulently

##### Derived terms

* Sanskrit terms prefixed with स- साक्ष सार्थ सार्ध सकण्टक सटीक सदृक्ष सदृश सदृश् सपत्नी सपाद सप्रत्यय समान सहित

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?
* (prosody) an anapest

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

स • (sá) stem, ?
* (music) Abbreviation of षड्ज (ṣaḍ-ja).

### Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

स • (sá) stem, m
* a snake
* air, wind
* a bird
* name of Vishnu or Shiva

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Noun

स • (sa) stem, n
* knowledge
* meditation
* a carriage road
* a fence

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### Etymology 7

From the root सन् (san, “to procure, bestow, give, distribute”).

#### Adjective

स • (sá) stem (root सन्)
* (at the end of a compound) procuring, bestowing
    पशुष (paśu-ṣá) — bestowing cattle
    प्रियस (priyá-sá) — granting desired objects

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “स”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1111.