# ضرب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤa.ra.ba/
* IPA: /dˤa.ri.ba/
* IPA: /dˤu.ri.ba/
* IPA: /dˤa.ru.ba/
* IPA: /dˤar.ra.ba/
* IPA: /dˤarb/
* IPA: /dˤa.rab/

### Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I (non-past يَضْرِبُ (yaḍribu), verbal noun ضَرْب (ḍarb))
* to strike, to beat, to hit [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and بِ (bi) ‘with something’; or with بِ (bi) ‘with something’ and عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘on someone/something’; or with accusative ‘someone’ and عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘on something, e.g. a body part’]
    ضَرَبَ رَأْسَهُ بِٱلْجِدَارِḍaraba raʔsahu bi-l-jidāriHe hit his head against the wall.
* (transitive) to shoot at, to fire at, to bombard
* to play [with accusative or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘an instrument’]
* to type (on a keyboard or typewriter)
* to impose, to inflict [with accusative ‘a tax, a tribute, etc.’ and عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘on someone/something’]
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:112:ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوا إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِنَ النَّاسِḍuribat ʕalayhimu ḏ-ḏillatu ʔayna mā ṯuqifū ʔillā biḥablin mina l-lahi waḥablin mina n-nāsiIgnominy shall be their portion wheresoever they are found save (where they grasp) a rope from Allah and a rope from men.Translation by Marmaduke Pickthall
* to leave, to abandon, to turn away from, to forsake [with عَن (ʕan) ‘someone/something’]
* to sting (of a scorpion)
* to pitch (a tent)
    ضَرَبَ خَيْمَةً ― ḍaraba ḵaymatan ― to pitch a tent
* to coin, to mint, to strike [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘a coin, money’]
* to seal, to stamp [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘a piece of writing’]
* to erase [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something written’]
* to cast, to throw, to set, to put [with accusative ‘something’, along with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘over something else’ or بَيْنَ (bayna) ‘between two people/things’]
    ضَرَبَ الفَخًّا عَلَى الطَائِرِḍaraba l-faḵḵan ʕalā ṭ-ṭāʔirihe threw the snare over the bird
    ضَرَبَ بَيْنَهُمَا سَدًْا ― he set a barrier between (the two of) them
* to be long (of the night)
* to set or posit as an example or make a simile of, to be proverbial with
** a. 1338, ابن عبد الحق [ʿabd al-muʾmīn ibn ʿabd al-ḥaqq ṣafīy ad-dīn al-baḡdādīy], مراصد الاطلاع على الأمكنة والبقاع‎:خِلَاط بكَسر أوله، وآخره طاء مهملة: بلدة عامرة مشهورة كثيرة الخيرات، وهى قصبة أرمينية الوسطى، يضرب ببردها فى الشتاء المثل، وبُحَيْرَتُها يُجلَبُ منها السمك الطّرّيخ، [على وزن سكّين] $^{«٣»}$ ، ليس فى غيرها، يُحمَلُ إلى سائرِ البلاد البعيدة، وهى من العجب، فإنها عشرة أشهر لا يوجد فيها حيوان، لا سمك ولا غيره، ثم يَظهر بها السمك مدة شهرين، فيُصاد ويكبس.Xlat: A flourishing, famous town, full of amenities, it is a fortress of Central Armenia, and its burd clothing sets an example in winter, and there is Lake Van whence one imports the pearl mullet, to which there is no equal, which is carried to the rest of the towns far away, it’s wonderful, ten months the animal is not found therein, no fish nor anything, then there appears fish for two months, and is caught and pickled.Turkish translation in Gök, H. İbrahim (2014) XIII ve XIV. Yüzyıla ait bir coğrafya sözlüğü: Merâsidü’l-ittılâʾ ve Anadolu’ya dair kayıtları‎, Kırıkkale, page 147

#### Descendants

* Maltese: darab
* → English: drub (perhaps)
* Spanish: adarvar

### Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I (non-past يَضْرِبُ (yaḍribu), verbal noun ضَرْب (ḍarb) or ضَرَبَان (ḍarabān))
* (transitive, arithmetic) to multiply [with accusative ‘something’ and فِي (fī) ‘with something’]
* (intransitive) to pulsate, to throb, to beat (of a vein or the heart)
* (intransitive) to ache violently, to hurt severely (of a wound or tooth)
* (intransitive) to roam, to travel [with فِي (fī) ‘in/through somewhere’]
* (intransitive) to migrate (of a bird)
* (intransitive) to cruise (of a ship)
* (intransitive) to incline, to tend, to shade [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘into/towards a specified color’]
** a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:قرنوة: الغافقي: قال قوم أنها الهرنوة والقرنوة أيضاً حشيشة. […] قال أبو حنيفة: هي عشبة يضرب ورقها إلى الحمرة وهي مرة يدبغ بها. وقال أيضاً عن بعضهم: هي خضراء غبراء على ساق لها ثمرة كالسنبلة ومنابتها السهول وهي مرعى. وقال آخر: القرنوة عشبة يطول ورقها كورق الحندقوقا عفصة تستعمل في دباغة الجلود وقيل أنها هذه الحشيشة المعروفة بالأنجبار.Aloeswood. Al-Ġāfaqīy: Some say that these seeds of aloe are a herb. […] Abū Ḥanīfa: The tender leaves of this herb tend towards red and this is when they are used for tanning. And some authors said they are dingy towards the foot and have fruits like ears like spikes growing on plains and used for pasturage. Another said: It’s a plant of long leaves like honey lotus the gall of which is used for tanning hides and it has been said it is a herb known as al-anjabār.

#### Conjugation
### Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I (non-past يَضْرِبُ (yaḍribu), verbal noun ضِرَاب (ḍirāb))
* to mount (a female camel)
* (transitive) to mix [with accusative ‘something, e.g. eggs’ and بِ (bi) ‘with something else, e.g. flour’]

#### Conjugation
### Verb

ضَرَبَ • (ḍaraba) I (non-past يَضْرُبُ (yaḍrubu), verbal noun ?)
* to get the better of in beating

#### Conjugation
### Verb

ضَرِبَ • (ḍariba) I (non-past يَضْرَبُ (yaḍrabu), verbal noun ضَرَب (ḍarab))
ضُرِبَ • (ḍuriba) I (passive-only, non-past يُضْرَبُ (yuḍrabu), verbal noun ضَرَب (ḍarab))
* to be smitten by hoarfrost or rime

#### Conjugation
### Verb

ضَرُبَ • (ḍaruba) I (non-past يَضْرُبُ (yaḍrubu), verbal noun ضَرَابَة (ḍarāba))
* to give a violent hit, give a sound blow

#### Conjugation
### Verb

ضَرَّبَ • (ḍarraba) II (non-past يُضَرِّبُ (yuḍarribu), verbal noun تَضْرِيب (taḍrīb))
* to beat violently or repeatedly
* to mix, mix up
* to stir up discord
* to sew on a lining or padding
* to drink of the milk called ضَرِيب (ḍarīb, “milk of several camels in the same bucket”)
* to get overtaken by the snow (ضَرِيب (ḍarīb, “snow, hoarfrost, ice”))
* to be deep-set (of an eye)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

ضَرْب • (ḍarb) m (plural ضُرُوب (ḍurūb) or أَضْرُب (ʔaḍrub))
* verbal noun of ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba, “to beat”) (form I)
* beating, striking, hitting
* violence, power
* haste, hurry
* the playing of musical instruments
* minting
* (arithmetic) multiplication
* make, form, fashion, mold, cast
* sort, species
* report of a gun
* similarity
* last foot of the second hemistich

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: zərb
* → Persian: ضرب
* → Ottoman Turkish: ضرب
** → Turkish: darp
* → Uzbek: zarb

### Adjective

ضَرْب • (ḍarb) (masculine plural أَضْرَاب (ʔaḍrāb))
* who beats much
* brave, bold
* active, clever
* of a slender make and not fleshy
* slight, light
* beaten
* coined
* similar, like

#### Declension
### Noun

ضَرَب • (ḍarab) m
* verbal noun of ضُرِبَ (ḍuriba) (form I)
* verbal noun of ضَرِبَ (ḍariba) (form I)

#### Declension
### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ضرب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ضرب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ضرب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤa.rab/

#### Verb

ضَرَب • (ḍarab) I (non-past يِضْرُب (yiḍrub))
* to strike, to beat, to hit
* (arithmetic) to multiply with
* to set or posit as an example or make a simile of, to be proverbial with

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic ضَرَّبَ (ḍarraba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤar.rab/

#### Verb

ضَرَّب • (ḍarrab) II (non-past يِضَرِّب (yiḍarrib))
* to beat violently or repeatedly

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic ضَرْب (ḍarb).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤarb/

#### Noun

ضرب • (ḍarb) m (collective, singulative ضَرْب f (ḍarba))
* beating, striking, hitting
* (arithmetic) multiplication

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤrab/
** IPA: /tˤrab/ (rare)

#### Verb

ضرب • (ḍrab) I (non-past يضرَب (yiḍrab) or يضرُب (yiḍrub), verbal noun ضرب (ḍarb) or ضريب (ḍrīb), active participle ضارب (ḍārib), passive participle مضروب (maḍrūb))
* to hit, to strike, to beat
    ضرب راسه مع الحيط ― ḍrab rāsu mʕa l-ḥayṭ ― He hit his head against the wall.
    ضربه خوه على دراعه ― ḍarbu ḵūh ʕla drāʕu ― His brother hit him on his arm.
* to do or perform an action
    ضربها بجرية. ― ḍrabha b-jarya. ― He ran. (literally, “He hit a ran”)
    ضربها بنعسة. ― ḍrabha b-naʕsa. ― He slept (literally, “He hit a sleep”)
* to travel a distance
    ضرب مسافة على رجليه ― ḍrab masāfa ʕla rajlīh ― He walked a long distance on foot.
* to play an instrument
    هاد الكومنجي كيعرف يضرب الكمنجةhād el-kwamanji kayiʕraf yiḍrab el-kamanjaThis violonist knows how to play the violin.
* to multiply
    ضرب خمسة فتلاتة غتعطيك خمسطاشḍrab ḵamsa f-tlāta ḡa-taʕṭīk ḵmasṭāšMultiply 3 by 5, you'll get 15.
* (slang) to consume (to eat, to drink, to smoke, etc)
    ضرب كسكسو فالغدا ― ḍrab ksaksu f-le-ḡdā ― He ate couscous at lunch.
    عبد القادر ضرب جوج جوانات قبل لعصرʕabd el-qāder ḍrab jūj jwānāt qbal el-ʕasrAbdelkader smoked two joints before the afternoon.
* to gain, to profit
    ضرب 20 مليون فهاد البيعة وشريةḍrab ʕašrīn malyūn f-hād l-bayʕa w-šaryaHe gained 20 million in this sale transaction.
* to punish, to sentence
    ضربوه ب10 سنين د الحبسḍarbūh b-ʕašr snīn d el-ḥabsHe was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment.
    ضربه القاضي بغرامة د 10000 درهم على ود التزويرḍarbu l-qāḍi b-ḡarāma d ʕašr ālāf darham ʕla wudd et-tazwīrThe judge punished him with a 10000 dirham fine for fraud.
* to cross out, to remove, to swear off [with على]
    من نهار طلّق، ضرب على العيالاتMin nhār ṭallaq, ḍrab ʕla le-ʕyālātHe swore off women since his divorce.
    ضرب على اللحم حيت قالها ليه الطبيبḍrab ʕla l-lḥam ḥīt qālha līh eṭ-ṭbībHe crossed out meat from his diet on the doctor's orders.
    ضرب على خوته بسباب الورتḍrab ʕla ḵūtu be-sbāb el-wartHe stopped seeing his siblings because of the inheritance.
* to fend, to defend, to stand up [with على]
    ديما خاصك تضرب على حقك.dīma ḵāṣṣek tiḍrab ʕla ḥaqqekYou should always stand up for your rights.
    فهاد البلاد خاص الواحد يضرب على راسه.f-hād le-blād xāṣṣ el-wāḥed yiḍrab ʕla rāsuIn this country, one has to fend for oneself.
* to catch without being seen
    ضربات عليا الوالدة كنكميḍarbāt ʕliyya l-wālida kanekmiMy mother caught me smoking.
* to drop by [with لعند]
    ضرب لعندي من بعد الخدمة.ḍrab l-ʕandi men baʕd el-ḵadma.Drop by my place after you finish work.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic ضَرْب (ḍarb).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤarb/
** IPA: /tˤarb/ (rare)

#### Noun

ضرب • (ḍarb) m
* verbal noun of ضرب (ḍrab)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَرْب (ḍarb).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zaɾβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɾb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɾb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zäɾb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zäɾb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæɹb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zäɾb]

### Noun

ضرب • (zarb)
* tap; blow, stroke
* (music)
** beat
** rhythm
** tonbak (a kind of drum)
    Synonym: تمبک (tombak)
* (arithmetic) multiplication
* minting (of coins)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤa.rab/, [ˈdˤɑ.rˤɑb]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

ضرب • (ḍarab) I (present بضرب (boḍrob))
* to hit, to strike, to beat
    Synonyms: خبط (ḵabaṭ), صدم (ṣadam)