# 鴉片
## Chinese
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion), probably via English opium.
The figurative sense of opium might be calqued from the idiom opium of the people.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāpiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ ㄆㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): aa$^1$ pin$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): â-phién
* Northern Min (KCR): á-pi̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ă-piéng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): a$^1$ peng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): a-phiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): a$^1$ piêng$^3$ / a$^1$ piang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ia-phi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāpiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ ㄆㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yapiàn
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^1$-pʻien$^4$
*** Yale: yā-pyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iapiann
*** Palladius: япянь (japjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä⁵⁵ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$雅片 鴉片 / 鸦片
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aa$^1$ pin$^3$
*** Yale: ā pin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aa$^1$ pin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: a$^1$ pin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /aː⁵⁵ pʰiːn³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$雅片 鴉片 / 鸦片
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: â-phién
*** Hakka Romanization System: a$^ˊ$ pien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: a$^1$ pian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /a²⁴ pʰi̯en³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: á-pi̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵⁴ pʰiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ă-piéng
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(pʰ-)}$βiɛŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: a$^1$ peng$^4$ [Phonetic: a$^5$ eng$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(pʰ-)}$ɛŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: a$^1$ peng$^4$ [Phonetic: a$^5$ bheng$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(pʰ-)}$βɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a-phiàn
*** Tâi-lô: a-phiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aphiexn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /a⁴⁴⁻²² pʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³ pʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /a⁴⁴⁻²² pʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /a⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɛn¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɛn²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: a$^1$ piêng$^3$ / a$^1$ piang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: a phièng / a phiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /a³³⁻²³ pʰieŋ²¹³/, /a³³⁻²³ pʰiaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ia-phi
*** MiniDict: ia$^平$ phi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ia-phi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ia⁵⁵ pʰi²¹/

### Noun

鴉片
* opium
    抽鴉片／抽鸦片 ― chōu yāpiàn ― to smoke opium
    鴉片類藥物／鸦片类药物 ― yāpiàn lèi yàowù ― opioid
* (by extension, figurative) opium (anything that numbs or stupefies)
** 2009, 中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局, 马克思恩格斯文集 [Marx/Engels Collected Works], 2nd edition, number 1, page 4:
       Zōngjiào lǐ de kǔnán jì shì xiànshí de kǔnán de biǎoxiàn, yòu shì duì zhèzhǒng xiànshí de kǔnán de kàngyì. Zōngjiào shì bèi yāpò shēnglíng de tànxī, shì wúqíng shìjiè de gǎnqíng, zhèng xiàng tā shì méiyǒu jīngshén de zhìdù de jīngshén yīyàng. Zōngjiào shì rénmín de yāpiàn. [Pinyin]
       Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.

#### Synonyms

* 阿片 (āpiàn)
* (dated) 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)
* (archaic) 白土 (báitǔ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 阿芙蓉 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鴉片, 阿片, 白土, 土膏, 福壽膏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鴉片 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鴉片 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 大煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鴉片煙, 洋煙 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大煙, 洋煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鴉片煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鴉片煙, 大煙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大煙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大煙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鴉片, 大煙 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鴉片, 鴉片煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鴉片, 鴉片薰 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 烏煙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 洋煙 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 洋煙 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鴉片, 鴉片泥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 烏薰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鴉片 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 烏塗, 薰塗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 烏薰, 鴉片 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鴉片煙 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鴉片, 阿芙蓉, 黑佬 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大煙 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鴉片煙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 烏煙 |

#### Derived terms

* 鴉片仙 / 鸦片仙
* 鴉片坭 / 鸦片坭
* 鴉片戰爭 / 鸦片战争 (Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng)
* 鴉片槍 / 鸦片枪
* 鴉片煙 / 鸦片烟 (yāpiànyān)
* 鴉片癮 / 鸦片瘾 (yāpiànyǐn)
* 鴉片罪 / 鸦片罪
* 鴉片膏 / 鸦片膏
* 鴉片花 / 鸦片花
* 鴉片薰 / 鸦片薰
* 鴉片館 / 鸦片馆 (yāpiànguǎn)
* 鴉片鬼 / 鸦片鬼 (yāpiànguǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: apiun
* → Tagalog: apyan

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鴉 | 片 |
| あ Hyōgai | へん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 鴉片 – see the following entry. :
| 【阿片あへん】 | [noun] opium Alternative spelling アヘン |
(This term, 鴉片, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鴉 | 片 |

### Noun

鴉片 • (apyeon) (hangeul 아편)
* hanja form of 아편 (“opium”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 鴉 | 片 |

### Noun

鴉片
* chữ Hán form of nha phiến (“opium”).