# इतिहास
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɪ.t̪ɪ.ɦɑːs/, [ɪ.t̪ɪ.ɦäːs]

### Noun

इतिहास • (itihās) m (Urdu spelling اتہاس)
* history
    इतिहास के विभाग में पाँच व्याख्याता हैं।itihās ke vibhāg mẽ pā̃c vyākhyātā ha͠i.There are five lecturers in the history department.
    इतिहास दोहराता है। ― itihās dohrātā hai. ― History repeats [itself].

#### Related terms

* ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsik)
* इतिहासिक (itihāsik)

### Further reading

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “इतिहास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa), through Old Marathi 𑘃𑘝𑘲𑘮𑘰𑘭 (itihāsa, “history”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.t̪i.ɦas/, [i.t̪iːas]

### Noun

इतिहास • (itihās) m
* history
    इतिहास हा स्मृतीवर ओझे नसून आत्म्याचा प्रकाश आहे.itihās hā smŕtīvar ojhe nasūn ātmyācā prakāś āhe.History is not a burden on the memory but an illumination of the soul.

#### Related terms

* ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsik)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “इतिहास”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “इतिहास”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [it̪i(ɦ)äs]
* Phonetic Devanagari: इतिहास्

### Noun

इतिहास • (itihās)
* history

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* itihāsa (Latin script)
* 𑀇𑀢𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* ইতিহাস (Bengali script)
* ඉතිහාස (Sinhalese script)
* ဣတိဟာသ or ဢိတိႁႃသ (Burmese script)
* อิติหาส or อิติหาสะ (Thai script)
* ᩍᨲᩥᩉᩣᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ອິຕິຫາສ or ອິຕິຫາສະ (Lao script)
* ឥតិហាស (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄨𑄖𑄨𑄦𑄂𑄥 (Chakma script)

### Noun

इतिहास m
* Devanagari script form of itihāsa (“history”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* ইতিহাস (Assamese script)
* ᬇᬢᬶᬳᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
* ইতিহাস (Bengali script)
* 𑰂𑰝𑰰𑰮𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀇𑀢𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* ဣတိဟာသ (Burmese script)
* ઇતિહાસ (Gujarati script)
* ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌇𑌤𑌿𑌹𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
* ꦆꦠꦶꦲꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
* 𑂅𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
* ಇತಿಹಾಸ (Kannada script)
* ឥតិហាស (Khmer script)
* ອິຕິຫາສ (Lao script)
* ഇതിഹാസ (Malayalam script)
* ᡳᢠᡳᡥᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘂𑘝𑘱𑘮𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
* ᠢᢐᠢᠾᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦢𑦽𑧒𑧎𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
* ଇତିହାସ (Odia script)
* ꢄꢡꢶꢲꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆅𑆠𑆴𑆲𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
* 𑖂𑖝𑖰𑖮𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
* ඉතිහාස (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩑𑩫𑩑𑪂𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚂𑚙𑚮𑚩𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
* இதிஹாஸ (Tamil script)
* ఇతిహాస (Telugu script)
* อิติหาส (Thai script)
* ཨི་ཏི་ཧཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
* 𑒃𑒞𑒱𑒯𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨁𑨙𑨁𑨱𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From इति (iti, “thus; so; like that”, quotative particle) +‎ ह (ha, intensifying particle) +‎ आस (āsa, “was”, first/third person perfective), from the root अस् (as, “to be”). Literally, "so it has been; it was exactly as narrated."

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /i.ti.ɦɑː.sɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /i.t̪iˈɦɑː.s̪ɐ/

### Noun

इतिहास • (itihāsá) stem, m
* legend; tradition; traditional account of history; story
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.6.4:स॒ बृहतीं॒ दि॒शम् अ॒नु व्य् अ॑चलत् । त॒म् इतिहास॒श् च पुराणं॒ च गा॒थाश् च नाराशंसी॒श् चानुव्य॑चलन् । इतिहास॒स्य च वै॒ स॒ पुराण॒स्य च गा॒थानां च नाराशंसी॒नां च प्रियं॒ धा॒म भवति य॒ एवं॒ वे॒द ॥sa bṛ́hátīṃ diśám anú vy acalat. tam ítíhā́saś cá púrā́ṇaṃ cá gāthā́ś cá nā́rā́śaṃsīś cā́núvyacalan. ítíhā́sasyá cá vai sa púrā́ṇasyá cá gāthā́nā́ṃ cá nā́rāśaṃsīnā́ṃ cá príyaṃ dhāmá bhávátí ya évaṃ vedá.1905 translation by W. D. WhitneyHe moved out toward the great quarter; after him moved out both the itihāsá ('narrative') and the purāṇá ('stories of eld') and the gā́thās ('songs') and nārāçaṅcī́s ('eulogies'). Verily both of the itihāsá and of the purāṇá and of the gā́thās and of the nārāçaṅcī́s doth he become the dear abode who knoweth thus.
* heroic legend; epic

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsika)

#### Descendants

* → Sylheti: ꠁꠔꠤꠀꠍ (itiās)
* → Assamese: ইতিহাস (itihax)
* → Bengali: ইতিহাস (itihaś)
* → Gujarati: ઇતિહાસ (itihās)
* → Hindi: इतिहास (itihās)
* → Kannada: ಇತಿಹಾಸ (itihāsa)
* → Khmer: ឥតិហាស (ʼetehaah)
* → Malayalam: ഇതിഹാസം (itihāsaṁ)
* → Marathi: इतिहास (itihās)
* → Nepali: इतिहास (itihās)
* → Newar: इतिहास (itihāsa)
* → Pali: itihāsa
* → Marwari: इतियास (itiyās)
* → Tamil: இதிகாசம் (itikācam)
* → Telugu: ఇతిహాసము (itihāsamu)
* → Urdu: اتہاس (itihās)
* → Vaghri: ઇતિહાસ (itihās) (learned)

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “इतिहासः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 382
* “इतिहास॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 74, column 1.
* Monier Williams (1899) “Iti-hâsa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 165/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 189