# 創

| 創 | U+5275, &#21109; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5275 |
| ← 剴 [U+5274] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剶 → [U+5276] |

## Translingual
### Han character

創 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人口中弓 (ORLN), four-corner 8260$_0$, composition ⿰倉刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𤏬 𤺨 𣋃 𦼃 𭞶 𫤤 𬰌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 143, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2127
* Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5275

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 創
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs): phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) – wound.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuàng (chuang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhóng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cong$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cháung
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: chwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^3$
*** Yale: chong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cháung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑuŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: corng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòng
*** Tâi-lô: tshòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tshaon
*** MiniDict: tshaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tshaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsrhjangH
Rime :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 初亮切 |
| Baxter | tsrhjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/ |
| English | begin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1143 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剏 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraŋs/ |

#### Definitions

創
* to start to (do something); to do something (for the first time); to found; to create; to establish
* to expand; to broaden; to extend
* to write; to start to compile
* to punish; to penalise
* unique; special; unseen; creative
    創意／创意 ― chuàngyì ― creativity
* (Internet slang, humorous; otherwise dialectal) Alternative form of 撞 (“to hit”)
* (Southern Min) to do; to perform
* (Southern Min) to make; to produce
* (Southern Min) to tease; to poke fun at

#### Compounds

* 初創 / 初创 (chūchuàng)
* 別創新格 / 别创新格
* 創下 / 创下 (chuàngxià)
* 創世 / 创世 (chuàngshì)
* 創世紀 / 创世纪 (Chuàngshìjì)
* 創作 / 创作 (chuàngzuò)
* 創出 / 创出
* 創刊 / 创刊 (chuàngkān)
* 創制 / 创制 (chuàngzhì)
* 創制權 / 创制权
* 創匯 / 创汇 (chuànghuì)
* 創始 / 创始 (chuàngshǐ)
* 創建 / 创建 (chuàngjiàn)
* 創意 / 创意 (chuàngyì)
* 創意指導 / 创意指导
* 創意曲 / 创意曲
* 創意造言 / 创意造言
* 創收 / 创收 (chuàngshōu)
* 創新 / 创新 (chuàngxīn)
* 創校 / 创校
* 創業 / 创业 (chuàngyè)
* 創業垂統 / 创业垂统
* 創業守成 / 创业守成
* 創業維艱 / 创业维艰
* 創業興家 / 创业兴家
* 創治 / 创治 (chhòng-tī) (Min Nan)
* 創獲 / 创获
* 創稿 / 创稿
* 創立 / 创立 (chuànglì)
* 創紀錄 / 创纪录 (chuàng jìlù)
* 創舉 / 创举 (chuàngjǔ)
* 創見 / 创见 (chuàngjiàn)
* 創設 / 创设 (chuàngshè)
* 創議 / 创议 (chuàngyì)
* 創辦 / 创办 (chuàngbàn)
* 創辦人 / 创办人 (chuàngbànrén)
* 創造 / 创造 (chuàngzào)
* 創造力 / 创造力 (chuàngzàolì)
* 始創 / 始创
* 新創 / 新创 (xīnchuàng)
* 獨創 / 独创 (dúchuàng)
* 獨創一格 / 独创一格
* 神創論 / 神创论 (shénchuànglùn)
* 締創 / 缔创
* 自創 / 自创 (zìchuàng)
* 自創新意 / 自创新意
* 草創 / 草创 (cǎochuàng)
* 開創 / 开创 (kāichuàng)
* 首創 / 首创 (shǒuchuàng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuāng (chuang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhong / chhòng / chhng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^1$
*** Yale: chwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$
*** Yale: chōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: corng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong / chhòng / chhng
*** Tâi-lô: tshong / tshòng / tshng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng, zhoxng, zhngf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
* chhong/chhòng - literary;
* chhng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsrhjang
Rime :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 初良切 |
| Baxter | tsrhjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]raŋ/ |
| English | wound (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 創 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1139 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 創 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraŋ/ |

#### Definitions

創
* to injure; to harm; to damage
* to cut; to slash; to sever
* damage; wound; knife cut
* Alternative form of 瘡 / 疮 (chuāng, “sore”)

#### Compounds

* 刀創藥 / 刀创药
* 創傷 / 创伤
* 創口 / 创口 (chuāngkǒu)
* 創夷 / 创夷
* 創痕 / 创痕
* 創痛 / 创痛
* 創鉅痛深 / 创巨痛深
* 創面 / 创面
* 受創 / 受创
* 百孔千創 / 百孔千创
* 裹創 / 裹创
* 重創 / 重创
* 金創 / 金创

### References

* “創”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “創”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “创”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 36.
* 杨绪明, 何梦茹, 王佳萌 (2024 December 24) “网语“创飞”的形成及流行动因分析”, in 河南财政金融学院学报（哲学社会科学版）‎, number 6, →DOI, pages 79–82

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* injury, wound
* originate, start

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang, “injury, wound”):
* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: きず (kizu, 創)、きずつける (kizutsukeru, 創ける)
From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjangH, “originate, start”):
* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: つくる (tsukuru, 創る, Jōyō)、はじめる (hajimeru, 創める)
* Nanori: はじむ (hajimu)

#### Compounds

* 創(そう)作(さく) (sōsaku, “create”)
* 創(そう)始(し) (sōshi, “initiating”)
* 創(そう)唱(しょう) (sōshō)
* 創(そう)造(ぞう) (sōzō, “creation”)
* 創(そう)世(せい) (sōsei, “creation of the world”)
* 創(そう)薬(やく) (sōyaku, “drug creation”)
* 開(かい)創(そう) (kaisō, “initial opening”)
* 挫(ざ)創(そう) (zasō, “bruise”)
* 射(しゃ)創(そう) (shasō, “gunshot wound”)
* 刃(じん)創(そう) (jinsō)
* 打(だ)撲(ぼく)創(そう) (dabokusō)
* 刀(とう)創(そう) (tōsō, “sword wound”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 創
* そう Grade: 6
* kan'on
/t͡ʃau/ → /sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/
From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang|tsrhjangH).

#### Proper noun

創(そう) • (Sō)
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 創
* つくる Grade: 6
* irregular
Nominalization of verb 創る (tsukuru, “to create (new things)”).

#### Proper noun

創(つくる) • (Tsukuru)
* a female given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 創
* はじめ Grade: 6
* irregular
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).

#### Proper noun

創(はじめ) • (Hajime)
* a female given name

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjangH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ〮 (Yale: cháng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 창 (chang)$^訓$ (Yale: chang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [창(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 創 (eumhun 비롯할 창 (birothal chang))
* hanja form of 창 (“to start; to originate”)
* hanja form of 창 (“unique; special; creative”)

#### Compounds

* 거창 (巨創, geochang)
* 독창 (獨創, dokchang)
* 창간 (創刊, changgan)
* 창건 (創建, changgeon)
* 창견 (創見, changgyeon)
* 창군 (創軍, changgun)
* 창당 (創黨, changdang)
* 창립 (創立, changnip)
* 창사 (創社, changsa)
* 창설 (創設, changseol)
* 창성 (創成, changseong)
* 창세 (創世, changse)
* 창시 (創始, changsi)
* 창안 (創案, chang'an)
* 창업 (創業, chang'eop)
* 창의 (創意, chang'ui)
* 창작 (創作, changjak)
* 창제 (創製, changje)
* 창조 (創造, changjo)
* 창초 (創祖, changcho)
* 창출 (創出, changchul)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ (Yale: chang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [창]

#### Hanja

創 (eumhun 다칠 창 (dachil chang))
* hanja form of 창 (“damage; wound”)

#### Compounds

* 교창 (咬創, gyochang)
* 도창 (刀創, dochang)
* 상창 (傷創, sangchang)
* 인창 (刃創, inchang)
* 자창 (刺創, jachang)
* 창상 (創傷, changsang)
* 창이 (創痍, chang'i)
* 탄창 (彈創, tanchang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

創: Hán Nôm readings: sáng, sang
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.