# вал
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Blend of:
* Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ (“surge, wave”).
* Resultant noun of валя́ (valjá, “to tumble, to plummet”), iterative verb from *valъ.
* Instrumental noun of ва́лям (váljam, “to roll”), causative/inchoative verb from *valъ.
* Technical meaning borrowed from Russian вал (val), ultimately from the same origin as the native lemma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vaɫ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɫ

### Noun

вал • (val) m
* (obsolete) high wave, surge
* (dialectal) bonfire (large fire)
* mound, heap, rickle (accumulated mass)
* roller, cylinder
    вал на трактор ― val na traktor ― tractor's roller
* (technical) shaft
    коля́нов вал ― koljánov val ― crankshaft

#### Derived terms

* нава́л (navál) (dialectal)
* прева́л (prevál)
* прова́л (provál)
* разва́ла f (razvála) (dialectal)
* свал (sval) (obsolete)
* ува́ла f (uvála) (dialectal)
* -вал (-val) (in compounds)
** ветрова́л (vetrovál, “wind surge”)
** самосва́л (samosvál, “tip-lorry”)
* ва́лов (válov)
* ва́лък (válǎk) (dialectal)

#### Related terms

* вале́ж (valéž, “rainfall, snowfall”)
* ва́лог (válog, “depression between highlands”) (dialectal)
* валмо́ (valmó), ва́лка (válka, “ball, clump”) (dialectal)
* ва́ляк (váljak, “roller (machine)”)

### References

* “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov (1895) “валъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 104
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вал¹, вал²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 113

## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *valə, inherited from Proto-Uralic *wala. Cognates include Finnish vala (“oath”), Lule Sami vuolle (“song”), Nganasan бәлы (bəlɨ).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

вал • (val)
* word
    валонь смустезэ ― valoń smustezë ― the meaning of a word
** 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 15:No uleze tynk valonk “isťa, isťa”, “araś, araś”; i meze uli tede uskula, se šaitansto.All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one.(literally, “Let your words be [...]”)
* promise
    Synonyms: мель-вал (meľ-val), алтамо (altamo)
    максомс вал ― maksoms val ― to promise

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* nouns: валкс (valks), валнэ (valnë)

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “вал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #1684 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian вал (val).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋal/, [ˈʋäɫ]
* Rhymes: -al
* Hyphenation: вал

### Noun

вал • (val)
* billow, wave

#### Declension

Possessive declension of вал :

### References

* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 75

## Nivkh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /val/

### Noun

вал (val)
* color

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* валъ (val) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vaɫ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɫ

### Noun

вал • (val) m inan (genitive ва́ла, nominative plural валы́, genitive plural вало́в)
* billow, roller
* barrage fire
* rampart
* shaft, axle
* gross output
    вы́полнить план по валу ― výpolnitʹ plan po valu ― to implement the plan by bulk output

#### Related terms

* валово́й (valovój)
* ва́лом (válom)
* девя́тый вал (devjátyj val)

#### Descendants

* → Komi-Zyrian: вал (val)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вал”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 132

### Further reading

* вал in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋâːl/

### Noun

ва̑л m (Latin spelling vȃl)
* wave

#### Synonyms

* та̏ла̄с

## Udmurt
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *vɔ̇l, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wälɜ. Cognates include Erzya ведрекш (vedrekš, “heifer”) and Estonian veis (“bull, ox”).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian вӧв (vöv), Komi-Permyak вӧв (vöv) and Komi-Yazva вӧл (völ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋäl]
* Rhymes: -äl
* Hyphenation: вал

### Noun

вал • (val)
* horse

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | вал val | валъёс valjos |
| accusative | валэз valez | валъёсыз valjosyz |
| genitive | валлэн vallen | валъёслэн valjoslen |
| dative | валлы vally | валъёслы valjosly |
| ablative | валлэсь valleś | валъёслэсь valjosleś |
| instrumental | валэн valen | валъёсын valjosyn |
| abessive | валтэк valtek | валъёстэк valjostek |
| adverbial | валъя valja | валъёсъя valjosja |
| inessive | валын valyn | валъёсын valjosyn |
| illative | валэ vale | валъёсы valjosy |
| elative | валысь valyś | валъёсысь valjosyś |
| egressive | валысьен valyśjen | валъёсысьен valjosyśjen |
| terminative | валозь valoź | валъёсозь valjosoź |
| prolative | валэтӥ valeti | валъёсытӥ valjosyti |
| allative | валлань vallań | валъёслань valjoslań |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валэ vale | валъёсы valjosy |
| accusative | валме valme | валъёсме valjosme |
| genitive | валэлэн valelen | валъёсылэн valjosylen |
| dative | валэлы valely | валъёсылы valjosyly |
| ablative | валэлэсь valeleś | валъёсылэсь valjosyleś |
| instrumental | валэным valenym | валъёсыным valjosynym |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валэд valed | валъёсыд valjosyd |
| accusative | валдэ valde | валъёстэ valjoste |
| genitive | валэдлэн valedlen | валъёсыдлэн valjosydlen |
| dative | валэдлы valedly | валъёсыдлы valjosydly |
| ablative | валэдлэсь valedleś | валъёсыдлэсь valjosydleś |
| instrumental | валэныд valenyd | валъёсыныд valjosynyd |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валэз valez | валъёсыз valjosyz |
| accusative | валзэ valze | валъёссэ valjosse |
| genitive | валэзлэн valezlen | валъёсызлэн valjosyzlen |
| dative | валэзлы valezly | валъёсызлы valjosyzly |
| ablative | валэзлэсь valezleś | валъёсызлэсь valjosyzleś |
| instrumental | валэныз valenyz | валъёсыныз valjosynyz |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валмы valmy | валъёсмы valjosmy |
| accusative | валмэс valmes | валъёсмес valjosmes |
| genitive | валмылэн valmylen | валъёсмылэн valjosmylen |
| dative | валмылы valmyly | валъёсмылы valjosmyly |
| ablative | валмылэсь valmyleś | валъёсмылэсь valjosmyleś |
| instrumental | валэнымы valenymy | валъёсынымы valjosynymy |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валды valdy | валъёсты valjosty |
| accusative | валдэс valdes | валъёстэс valjostes |
| genitive | валдылэн valdylen | валъёстылэн valjostylen |
| dative | валдылы valdyly | валъёстылы valjostyly |
| ablative | валдылэсь valdyleś | валъёстылэсь valjostyleś |
| instrumental | валэныды valenydy | валъёсыныды valjosynydy |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | валзы valzy | валъёссы valjossy |
| accusative | валзэс valzes | валъёссэс valjosses |
| genitive | валзылэн valzylen | валъёссылэн valjossylen |
| dative | валзылы valzyly | валъёссылы valjossyly |
| ablative | валзылэсь valzyleś | валъёссылэсь valjossyleś |
| instrumental | валэнызы valenyzy | валъёсынызы valjosynyzy |

#### Derived terms

* валдурет (valduret)

### References

* L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “вал”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 101
* T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 14
* Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 310

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʋaɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

вал • (val) m inan (genitive ва́ла, nominative plural вали́, genitive plural валі́в)
* billow, roller
* breaker, mound

#### Declension
### References

* “вал”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)