# 筋

| 筋 | U+7B4B, &#31563; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B4B |
| ← 筊 [U+7B4A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 筌 → [U+7B4C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

筋 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹月大尸 (HBKS), four-corner 8822$_7$, composition ⿱𥫗肋)

#### Derived characters

* 𤯸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 882, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25994
* Dae Jaweon: page 1311, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2968, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7B4B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 筋 :
| Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 竹 (“bamboo”) + 𠛧 (“peel”) – sinew (bamboo is sinewy when peeled). The component 力 is a corruption of 刀 (刂).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jīn (jin$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐn
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jìn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gin$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kîn
    (Hailu, HRS): gin$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gin$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kun / kin / kirn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): geng$^1$ / gêng$^1$ / ging$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gieng$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gan$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$cin
** (Jinhua): $^1$cin
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): jin$^1$ / din$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jin
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jìn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕĩ³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^1$
*** Yale: gān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kin³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́ing
*** Sinological IPA : /kyiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun
*** Tâi-lô: kun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kwn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kun³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin
*** Tâi-lô: kin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kyn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /kin⁵⁵/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kirn
*** Tâi-lô: kirn
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: geng$^1$ / gêng$^1$ / ging$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng / keng / king
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯŋ³³/, /keŋ³³/, /kiŋ³³/
* geng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
* gêng1 - Jieyang;
* ging1 - Chaoyang.
* Middle Chinese: kj+n
Rime :
| Character | 筋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉欣切 |
| Baxter | kj+n |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /kiən/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[k]ə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 筋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[k]ə[n]/ |
| English | sinew |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 筋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6727 |
| Phonetic component | 筋 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斤 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯn/ |
| Notes | 俗作䈥 |

### Definitions

筋
* (anatomy) tendon; sinew
       ngo$^5$ hou$^2$ zung$^1$ ji$^3$ sik$^6$ ngau$^4$ gan$^1$ jyun$^2$. [Jyutping]
       I like to eat beef tendon meatballs.
* (anatomy) muscle
* (anatomy) vein that stands out on the skin; prominent superficial vein
* (by extension) anything resembling a sinew or vein, such as chopsticks
       From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 8, part 4
       Guìzhě fàn yǐ jīn bù chí, jiànzhě bó zhī ér shí. [Pinyin]
       The wealthy eat with chopsticks and do not use spoons, whereas the commoners eat with their hands.
* a surname, Jin

### Compounds

* 不著筋節 / 不著筋节
* 中筋麵粉 / 中筋面粉 (zhōngjīn miànfěn)
* 低筋麵粉 / 低筋面粉 (dījīn miànfěn)
* 傷筋動骨 / 伤筋动骨 (shāngjīndònggǔ)
* 傷腦筋 / 伤脑筋 (shāng nǎojīn)
* 分筋術 / 分筋术
* 分筋錯骨 / 分筋错骨
* 剝皮抽筋 / 剥皮抽筋
* 力困筋乏
* 力盡筋疲 / 力尽筋疲
* 力盡筋舒 / 力尽筋舒
* 力軟筋麻 / 力软筋麻
* 努目訕筋 / 努目讪筋
* 努筋拔力
* 動腦筋 / 动脑筋 (dòng nǎojīn)
* 打筋斗
* 扯皮弄筋
* 扭筋
* 扯筋
* 扭頭暴筋 / 扭头暴筋
* 抽筋 (chōujīn)
* 拉筋 (lājīn)
* 抽筋剝皮 / 抽筋剥皮
* 抽筋拔骨
* 換腦筋 / 换脑筋
* 摔筋斗
* 易筋經 / 易筋经
* 村筋俗骨
* 橡皮筋 (xiàngpíjīn)
* 死腦筋 / 死脑筋 (sǐnǎojīn)
* 滾刀筋 / 滚刀筋
* 牛筋牛降
* 瘦筋巴骨
* 筋不束骨
* 筋斗
* 筋斗雲
* 筋書 / 筋书
* 筋疲力盡 / 筋疲力尽 (jīnpílìjìn)
* 筋疲力竭
* 筋疲力軟 / 筋疲力软
* 筋竿
* 筋節 / 筋节
* 筋節兒 / 筋节儿
* 筋絡 / 筋络 (jīnluò)
* 筋肉 (jīnròu)
* 筋脈 / 筋脉
* 筋膜 (jīnmó)
* 筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
* 筋觔 / 筋斤
* 筋電圖 / 筋电图
* 筋骨 (jīngǔ)
* 筋骨昂然
* 翻筋斗 (fān jīndǒu)
* 翻過筋斗
* 老牛筋
* 老腦筋 / 老脑筋 (lǎonǎojīn)
* 肋筋
* 腹筋 (fùjīn)
* 腦筋 / 脑筋 (nǎojīn)
* 舒筋活血
* 豎毛筋 / 竖毛筋
* 蹄筋 (tíjīn)
* 軟面筋 / 软面筋
* 轉筋 / 转筋 (zhuànjīn)
* 銅筋鐵肋 / 铜筋铁肋
* 銅筋鐵骨 / 铜筋铁骨
* 鋼筋 / 钢筋 (gāngjīn)
* 青筋 (qīngjīn)
* 面筋 (miànjīn)
* 顏筋柳骨 / 颜筋柳骨
* 顏骨柳筋 / 颜骨柳筋
* 骨軟筋酥 / 骨软筋酥
* 骨軟筋麻 / 骨软筋麻
* 高筋麵粉 / 高筋面粉 (gāojīn miànfěn)
* 麵筋 / 面筋 (miànjīn)

### References

* “筋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* muscle, tendon
* vein, artery
* reason, logic
* plot, storyline
* counter for long thin things; counter for roads or blocks when giving directions
* lineage, descent

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: すじ (suji, 筋, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 筋(きん)肉(にく) (kinniku)
* 筋(きん)力(りょく) (kinryoku)
* 筋(きん)力(りょく)トレーニング (kinryoku torēningu), 筋(きん)トレ (kintore)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 筋
* すじ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *suntuy ~ *sunti.
Possibly a compound of す (*su, unknown, possibly the same source as 脛 (sune, “shin”)) + 霊, 血, 乳 (chi, “life essence, spirit, power; blood; milk”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すじ [súꜜjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sɨʑi]

### Noun

筋(すじ) • (suji)
* muscle
* tendon
* have an aptitude
    筋(すじ)がいい人(ひと)
       suji ga ii hito
       a man of aptitude
* vein
    みかんの白(しろ)い筋(すじ)
       mikan no shiroi suji
       the white stringy pith of an orange
* (usually in place names) road

#### See also

* 筋(きん)肉(にく) (kinniku): muscle
* 腱(けん) (ken): tendon

### Counter

筋(すじ) • (-suji)
* Counter for long, thin things.
    一(ひと)筋(すじ)の光(ひかり)
       hitosuji no hikari
       a single ray of light

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

筋 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

筋: Hán Nôm readings: cân, gân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.