# ترب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

تَرِبَ • (tariba) I (non-past يَتْرَبُ (yatrabu), verbal noun تَرَب (tarab))
* to be dusty, to be covered with dust, to have earth on oneself
* (idiomatic) to be so poor as to cleave to the dust
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 18:60:أَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَرَجُلٌ تَرِبَ لَا مَالَ لَهُʔammā muʕāwiyatu farajulun tariba lā māla lahuSo far as Muʿāwiya is concerned, he is a poor man without any property.
* to decrease (of one's wealth)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

تَرَبَ • (taraba) I (non-past يَتْرِبُ (yatribu), verbal noun تَرْب (tarb))
* to put earth on, to sprinkle with dust

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

تَرَّبَ • (tarraba) II (non-past يُتَرِّبُ (yutarribu), verbal noun تَتْرِيب (tatrīb))
* to cover with dust or earth

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Noun

تِرْب • (tirb) m (plural أَتْرَاب (ʔatrāb))
* coeval, contemporary; peer; fellow

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.5
#### Adjective

تَرِب • (tarib)
* dusty; soiled
* cleaving to the dust by reason of want, destitute

##### Declension
#### References

* “ترب” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “ترب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ترب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 300
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ترب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 169
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ترب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 137

### Etymology 1.6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tu.rab/

#### Noun

تُرَب • (turab) pl
* plural of تُرْبَة (turba)

### Etymology 2.1
#### Verb

ترب (form I)
* تَرُبُّ (tarubbu) /ta.rub.bu/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تُرَبُّ (turabbu) /tu.rab.bu/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
* تَرُبَّ (tarubba) /ta.rub.ba/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تُرَبَّ (turabba) /tu.rab.ba/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive
* تَرُبِّ (tarubbi) /ta.rub.bi/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُرَبِّ (turabbi) /tu.rab.bi/: inflection of رَبَّ (rabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

ترب (form IV)
* تُرِبُّ (turibbu) /tu.rib.bu/: inflection of أَرَبَّ (ʔarabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تُرِبَّ (turibba) /tu.rib.ba/: inflection of أَرَبَّ (ʔarabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تُرِبِّ (turibbi) /tu.rib.bi/: inflection of أَرَبَّ (ʔarabba):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

### Etymology 3.1
#### Verb

تَرْبُ • (tarbu) (form I) /tar.bu/
* inflection of رَبَا (rabā):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

### Etymology 3.2
#### Verb

ترب (form II)
* تُرَبِّ (turabbi) /tu.rab.bi/: inflection of رَبَّى (rabbā):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُرَبَّ (turabba) /tu.rab.ba/: inflection of رَبَّى (rabbā):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* ترپ (torop) (dialectal)
* ترمه (turma)
* ترف (turf) (Dari)

### Etymology

From Turkic, see Ottoman Turkish تورپ (turp).
Intuited shakily by Laufer by Doerfer and Clauson to be an Iranian borrowing in Turkic, in view of internal etymological opacity of the term in Turkic and the Persian variant turf, which we reckon to be a secondary variant like شفدر (šafdar) for شبدر (šabdar).
Note also Northern Kurdish tivir, Central Kurdish توور (tûr), Zazaki tırewı, tılpı, Talysh təyf, Armenian թրեֆ (tʻref).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tuɾβ], [tu.ɾuβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊɾb], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊɾb], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰʊɾb], [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰuɾb̥], [t̪ʰu.ɾub̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰoɹb̥], [t̪ʰo.ɹob̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuɾb], [t̪ʰu.ɾub]

### Noun

ترب • (torob)
* radish

#### Derived terms

* تربچه (torobče)

### References

* Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 354
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 549
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 505 Nr. 898
* Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 574
* Laufer, Berthold (1916) “The Si-hia Language, a Study in Indo-Chinese Philology”, in T'oung Pao‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 84