# شکر
## Azerbaijani
### Noun

شکر
* Arabic spelling of şəkər

## Baluchi
### Noun

شَکَر • (šakar)
* sugar

### See also

* شَکَّل (šakkal)

## Mazanderani
### Noun

شکر (šaker)
* sugar

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

### Noun

شکر • (šukr) m
* gratitude, thanks

### Further reading

* Bellew, Henry Walter (1867) “شکر”, in A Dictionary of the Pukkhto or Pukshto Language‎, London: Allen, page 103

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (škʿ /⁠šakar⁠/), from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃak.ˈkaɾ], [ʃa.ˈkaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ], [ʃɪ.kʰǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃäk.kʰǽɾ], [ʃä.kʰǽɾ], [ʃi.kʰǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃækʲ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃæ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃe.kʰʲǽɹ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃækʲ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃæ.kʰʲǽɹ], [ʃe.kʰʲǽɹ]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [ʃe.kʰʲǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃä.kʰǽɾ]

#### Noun

| Dari | شکر, بوره |
| Iranian Persian | شکر |
| Tajik | шакар |
شکر • (šakar or šakkar or šekar)
* sugar
* (figurative) sweet, beautiful speech
** 1915, Muhammad Iqbal, اسرار خودی [The Secrets of the Self]:گرچه هندی در عذوبت شکر است، طرز گفتار دری شیرین‌تر است.garče hendi dar 'ozubat šekar ast, tarz-e goftâr-e dari širin-tar ast.Though the Indian [language, i.e. Urdu] is sugar in its sweetness, the way of Dari [i.e. Persian] speech is sweeter yet.

##### Derived terms

* شکرشکن (šakar-šakan, šakkar-šakan, šekar-šakan, “mellifluous”, literally “sugar-breaking”)
* شکری (šakari, šakkari, šekari)

##### Descendants

(See also the entries at Middle Persian škl and Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) for descendants from Middle Persian)
* → Azerbaijani: şəkər
* → Baluchi: شکر (šakkal)
* → Bashkir: шәкәр (şəkər)
* → Chagatai: شکر
** Uyghur: شەكەر (sheker)
** Uzbek: shakar
* → Chechen: шекар (šekar)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शक्कर (śakkar)
    Urdu: شکر (śakkar)
* → Karachay-Balkar: шекер (şeker)
* → Kazakh: шекер (şeker)
* → Kumyk: шекер (şeker)
* → Kyrgyz: шекер (şeker)
* → Proto-Mongolic: *šiker
** Buryat: шэхэр (šexer)
** East Yugur: shigir
** Middle Mongol:
*** Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ (sikir), ᠰᠢᠬᠡᠷ (siker), ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷ (čikir)
**** Khalkha: чихэр (čixer)
***** → Southern Altai: чикир (čikir)
***** → Tuvan: чигир (çigir)
**** Jerim: /ʃixər/
**** Juu Uda:
***** Baarin: /ʃixər/
***** Aru Khorchin: /t͡ʃʰixər/
**** Ulan Tsab: /t͡ʃixər/, /t͡ʃʰixər/
**** Shilingol: /t͡ʃixər/
**** Ordos: /ʃikxər/
*** → Arabic: شيكر (šiker, šikir)
*** → Chinese: 扯克兒 / 扯克儿 (čeker) (Beilu Yiyu)
*** → Uyghur: شېكەر (shëker)
** Written Oirat:
*** Kalmyk: шикр (şikr)
**** → Kalmyk: шикр-балта (şikr-balta)
**** → Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)
* → Ossetian: сӕкӕр (sækær)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شكر (şeker)
** Turkish: şeker
** → Adyghe: шэкэр (šɛkɛr)
** → Albanian: sheqer
** → Armenian: շեքեր (šekʻer)
** → Bulgarian: шеке́р (šekér)
** → Central Kurdish: شەکر (şekir)
** → Crimean Tatar: şeker
** → Gagauz: şeker
** → Gulf Arabic: شكر (shákar)
** → Iraqi Arabic: شكر (shákar)
** → Ladino: sheker
** → Laz: შექერი (şekeri), შეჩერი (şeçeri) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
** → Macedonian: шеќер (šeḱer)
** → Northern Kurdish: şekir
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: шећер
    Latin script: šećer
** → Zazaki: şeker
* → Pashto: شکره (šakᶕra)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੱਕਰ (śakkar)
** Shahmukhi script: شَکَّر (śakkar)
* → Shor: сакер (saker)
* → Sindhi: شَڪَرِ (śakari)
* → Tatar: шикәр (şikär)
* → Turkmen: şeker

#### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شکر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃukɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊkɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊkɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃʊkɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃukɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃokʲɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃukɾ]

#### Noun

| Dari | شکر |
| Iranian Persian | شکر |
| Tajik | шукр |
شکر • (šokr)
* (especially religion) thankfulness, gratitude
    شکر کردن ― šokr kardan ― to thank God
    خدا را شکر! ― xodâ râ šokr! ― Thank God!

#### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شکر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian شکر (šakar, “sugar”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃəkː(ə)ɾ/

#### Noun

شَکَّر • (śakkar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ੱਕਰ)
* sugar

##### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شکّر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃʊ.k(ə)ɾ/

#### Noun

شُکْر • (śukr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ੁਕਰ)
* thankfulness, gratitude

##### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

##### Derived terms

* شُکْرِیَہ (śukriyah)

#### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شُکر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian شکر (šakar, “sugar”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃə.kəɾ/

#### Noun

شَکَر • (śakar) m (Hindi spelling शक्कर)
* sugar

##### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra). Doublet of سرخ (surx).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃʊk.ɾᵊ/

#### Adjective

شُکْرَ • (śukra) (Hindi spelling शुक्र)
* bright

#### Proper noun

شُکْرَ • (śukra) m (Hindi spelling शुक्र)
* Venus

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃʊkɾ/

#### Noun

شُکْر • (śukr) m (Hindi spelling शुक्र)
* thankfulness, gratitude

##### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

##### Derived terms

* شُکْرِیَہ (śukriya)

### Further reading

* Platts, John T. (1884) “شکر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.