OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# agen penyalur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of agen (“agent”) +‎ penyalur.

### Noun

agen penyalur (plural agen-agen penyalur)
* (publishing) agent or representative responsible for the initial distribution of a cinema

### Further reading

* “agen penyalur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# מה פתאום
## Hebrew
### Adverb

מָה פִּתְאוֹם • (ma pit'óm)
* (informal) why (for what cause, reason, or purpose), how come

#### Synonyms

* (both not informal) לָמָּה, מַדּוּעַ

### Interjection

מָה פִּתְאוֹם? • (ma pit'óm?)
* What the heck?
* (in response to a yes/no question) Of course not; what are you thinking?

#### Synonyms

* (of course not): וְעוֹד אֵיךְ (v'ód ékh, “and how”)
# censorship
## English
### Etymology

From censor +‎ -ship.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɛnsəʃɪp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/
* Hyphenation: cen‧sor‧ship
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

censorship (countable and uncountable, plural censorships)
* The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent undesirable media from being published or propagated.
** 1899, Arthur Christopher Benson, The life of Edward White Benson, sometime Archbishop of Canterbury: Volume 1:[…] such a curious thing — it is the only thing left of the old censorship of the press."
** 1946 January and February, “Notes and News: Demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 52:During the war, but unrecorded because of the requirements of censorship, a link with the now partly-abandoned Cardiff Railway disappeared with the demolition of Rhydyfelin Viaduct, near Treforest, South Wales, in the latter part of 1942. The steelwork in this structure, amounting to nearly 1,150 tons, was salvaged as scrap metal to assist the war effort.
** 2012, Alejandro Herrero-Olaizola, Censorship Files, The: Latin American Writers and Franco's Spain:The Infantes had contacts among left-wing groups that opposed the dictatorial regime in Spain and their visibility in these circles was a serious concern for the censorship authorities […]
* (historical) The role of the censor (magistrate) in Ancient Rome.

#### Derived terms

* anticensorship
* corporate censorship
* cosmic censorship
* cosmic censorship hypothesis
* cybercensorship
* decensorship
* noncensorship
* precensorship
* recensorship
* self-censorship
* semicensorship
* uncensorship

#### Related terms

* bleep censor
* censor
* censorware

#### See also

* bowdlerisation
* media democracy
* moral panic

### Anagrams

* sensorchip, sphericons
# alat bantu
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of alat (“tool”) +‎ bantu (“to help”).

### Noun

alat bantu (plural alat-alat bantu)
* aid: something which helps; a material source of help.

### Further reading

* “alat bantu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# schrijfgerei
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of schrijven +‎ gerei.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsxrɛi̯f.xəˌrɛi̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: schrijf‧ge‧rei

### Noun

schrijfgerei n (uncountable)
* stationery, writing materials, writing implements

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: alat tulis (calque)
# trogne
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Gaulish trugna (“nose, snout”), which could be related to *srogna (“nose”), from Proto-Celtic *srognā. Cognate with Welsh trwyn, Cornish tron, Breton stroen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁɔɲ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

trogne f (plural trognes)
* pollard (pollarded tree)
* (colloquial) mug (face)

### References

* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 101 ii (3)

### Further reading

* “trogne”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Swedish
### Adjective

trogne
* definite natural masculine singular of trogen

### Anagrams

* torgen, trogen
# 旖旎
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐnǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄋㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^2$ nei$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): í-ní
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnǐ [Phonetic: yínǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄋㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnǐ
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$-ni$^3$
*** Yale: yǐ-nǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinii
*** Palladius: ини (ini)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^2$ nei$^5$
*** Yale: yí néih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^2$ nei$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^2$ néi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː³⁵ nei̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ní
*** Tâi-lô: í-ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ynie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jeX nrjeX
Rime :
| Character | 旖 | 旎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於綺切 | 女氏切 |
| Baxter | 'jeX | nrjeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiᴇ$^X$/ | /ɳˠiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚiɛ$^X$/ | /ɳᵚiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɛ$^X$/ | /niɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjiə̆$^X$/ | /ɳjiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔje$^X$/ | /nje$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ǐe$^X$/ | /nǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔie̯$^X$/ | /nie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǐ | nǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^2$ | nei$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qralʔ nilʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旖 | 旎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10019 | 9425 |
| Phonetic component | 奇 | 尼 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倚 | 狔 |
| Old Chinese | /*qralʔ/ | /*nilʔ/ |

### Adjective

旖旎
* (figurative) charming manner
* (figurative) luxuriant; prosperous
# fertilise
## English
### Etymology

From fertile +‎ -ise.

### Verb

fertilise (third-person singular simple present fertilises, present participle fertilising, simple past and past participle fertilised)
* Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of fertilize.

#### Derived terms

* cross-fertilise
* fertilisable
* fertilisation
* underfertilise
* unfertilised

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛʁ.ti.liz/
* Homophones: fertilisent, fertilises

### Verb

fertilise
* inflection of fertiliser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative
# fertilizable
## English
### Etymology

From fertilize +‎ -able.

### Adjective

fertilizable (comparative more fertilizable, superlative most fertilizable)
* Capable of being fertilized.

#### Derived terms

* cross-fertilizable
* nonfertilizable
* unfertilizable
# fertilizer
## English
### Alternative forms

* (British) fertiliser

### Etymology

From fertilize +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈfɜːɹtəlaɪzəɹ/

### Noun

fertilizer (countable and uncountable, plural fertilizers)
* A natural substance that is used to make the ground more suitable for growing plants.
* (chemistry) A chemical compound created to have the same effect.

#### Derived terms

* antifertilizer
* biofertilizer
* microfertilizer
* nanofertilizer
* nonfertilizer
* over-fertilization

#### Related terms

* fertilize

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* dung
* lawn food
* manure
# fervid
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fervidus, from ferveō.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈfɝ.vɪd/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɜː.vɪd/

### Adjective

fervid (comparative more fervid or fervider, superlative most fervid or fervidest)
* Intensely hot; radiating with energy.
** 1878, Henry James, An International Episode‎:Four years ago—in 1874—two young Englishmen had occasion to go to the United States. They crossed the ocean at midsummer, and, arriving in New York on the first day of August, were much struck with the fervid temperature of that city.
* (figurative) lively, spirited, or frenzied due to being ardent, passionate, and zealous.
    Synonyms: ardent, fervent, see Thesaurus:enthusiastic
    Antonym: frigid

#### Derived terms

* fervidity
* fervidly
* fervidness
* fervid plagodis
* unfervid

#### Related terms

* fervent
* fever
* fervor
* perfervid

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fervidus.

### Adjective

fervid m or n (feminine singular fervidă, masculine plural fervizi, feminine and neuter plural fervide)
* glowing
# festive
## English
### Etymology

From French festif, from Latin festivus (“pertaining to a feast, gay, lively, joyous”). Equivalent to feast +‎ -ive.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛstɪv/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: fes‧tive
* Rhymes: -ɛstɪv

### Adjective

festive (comparative more festive, superlative most festive)
* Having the atmosphere, decoration, or attitude of a festival, holiday, or celebration.
    The room was decked out in festive streamers, with flowers everywhere.
** 1938, Siegfried Sassoon, The Old Century and seven more years, London: Faber, page 35 (1968 edition):On festive occasions away from home we softened under the influence of Christmas trees, bran pies, and conjurors.
* In the mood to celebrate.
    Please put the Christmas decorations away, I'm really not in a festive mood.

#### Synonyms

* feastful
* feastly

#### Derived terms

* festively
* festiveness
* festive season
* festivous
* nonfestive
* postfestive
* unfestive

#### Translations
## French
### Adjective

festive
* feminine singular of festif

## Italian
### Adjective

festive
* feminine plural of festivo

## Latin
### Etymology

From fēstīvus (“joyous, festive; pleasing”), from fēstus (“feast-like; festive”).

### Adverb

fēstīvē (not comparable)
* agreeably, pleasantly, delightfully
* humorously, facetiously, wittily

#### Related terms

* fēstīvālis
* fēstīvitās
* fēstīviter
* fēstīvum
* fēstīvus
* fēstum
* fēstus

### References

* “festive”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “festive”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* festive in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# festivity
## English
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English festivite, from Middle French festivité, from Latin festīvitas, equivalent to festive +‎ -ity.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛˈstɪvəti/, /fɛˈstɪvɪti/, (rare) /fɪ-/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

festivity (countable and uncountable, plural festivities)
* (often pluralized) A festival or similar celebration.
** 1811, The Literary Panorama, and National Register, volume 9, page 871:Other parts of the ceremony have their unpleasantnesses; for there is great difficulty in admittings and omittings of guests to the festivities.
** 1982, Inside Sports, volume 4, page 86:[…] cosmeticky women whose tight jeans and stiletto heels suggest a kind of festivity but whose faces seem stunned […]
** 1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:The real reason for these subdued responses was the fact that the audience knew it would be a fight to the finish; they were saving their screams for the posedown festivities to come.
* An experience or expression of celebratory feeling, merriment, gaiety.

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “experience or expression of celebratory feeling, merriment”): infestivity

#### Derived terms

* unfestivity

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
# uh
## English
### Etymology

Onomatopoeia of the natural expression of thought. Compare with er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* IPA: /ʌː/
* Rhymes: -ʌ

### Interjection

uh
* Expression of thought, confusion, or uncertainty.
    Uh, who was that?
* Space filler or pause during conversation.
    Uh, let me see...

#### Usage notes

* May be extended by repeating the letter u or h to express increasingly severe confusion:
       Uuuuh / Uhhhh, right, that makes sense, I guess.

#### Related terms

* huh-uh
* nuh-uh
* uh-huh
* uh-uh
* unh-uh
* yuh-uh

#### See also

* er
* erm
* um
* uh-oh
* oh

### Noun

uh (plural uhs)
* An occurrence of the interjection "uh".
** 2007 August 24, William Grimes, “Uh, Lead My Rips: No More Bloopers”, in New York Times‎:Although Shakespeare refers to “hums and ha’s,” sifting through etiquette manuals and public-speaking guides turns up scant evidence of a prohibition against ums, ers and uhs, which are profuse in the first recording of Thomas Edison’s voice, in 1888. Mr. Erard, rather ingeniously, traces the prohibition on um and other speech flaws to the advent of radio in the early 1920s.

### Anagrams

* HU, Hu, hu

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Interjection

uh
* er, uh
    Synonyms: eh, ehm, um

## Epigraphic Mayan
### Noun

uh
* (astronomy) moon

## Juǀ'hoan
### Pronunciation

* The murmured vowel IPA: /ṳ/

### Letter

uh (upper case Uh)
* A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Romanian
### Interjection

uh
* Obsolete form of uf.

### References

* uh in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u/, /uː/
* Homophone: u

### Interjection

uh
* used to express disappointment or disdain

### Further reading

* “uh”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

uh
* Romanization of 𒄴 (uḫ)

## Yucatec Maya
### Noun

uh
* moon

#### Related terms

* chiʼibal uh
# festooned
## English
### Adjective

festooned (comparative more festooned, superlative most festooned)
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Derived terms

* overfestooned
* unfestooned

### Verb

festooned
* simple past and past participle of festoon
# henfest
## English
### Etymology

From hen +‎ -fest.

### Noun

henfest (plural henfests)
* (informal) A rowdy party for women.
** 2007 August 26, S.S. Fair, “Let the Dames Begin”, in New York Times‎:The Samurai Sipper has often fantasized similarly, only I’d pass on Thomas Jefferson and have Edie Falco over for a post-Carmela henfest instead.
** 2009, Shannon McKenna, Tasting Fear, page 32:He'd video-streamed a segment of last night's drunken henfest in the kitchen to Haupt, but the humorless had prick been unamused. All that had interested the boss last night had been the jeweled pendants.
# fetid
## English
### Alternative forms

* foetid
* fœtid (archaic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fētidus (“having offensive odour”), originally fēteō (“to stink”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛtɪd/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtɪd

### Adjective

fetid (comparative more fetid, superlative most fetid)
* Foul-smelling, stinking.
    I caught the fetid odor of dirty socks.
** 1878, Henry James, “Honoré de Balzac”, in French Poets and Novelists‎, London: Macmillan, II, p. 122:[…] this room, where misfortune seems to ooze, where speculation lurks in corners, and of which Madame Vauquer inhales the warm, fetid air without being nauseated.

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:malodorous

#### Derived terms

* fetidity
* fetidly
* fetidness

#### See also

* asafoetida

### Noun

fetid (plural fetids)
* (rare) The foul-smelling asafoetida plant, or its extracts.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French fétide, from Latin foetidus.

### Adjective

fetid m or n (feminine singular fetidă, masculine plural fetizi, feminine and neuter plural fetide)
* fetid

#### Related terms

* fetiditate
# dúi
## Phalura
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duj, dwi/

#### Pronoun

dúi (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling دُئیۡ)
* other, another (one)
* the other (out of two or more entities referred to)
* any other, sth or sb else

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “dúi”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit *दुतीय (dutīya, “second”), a later form of द्वितीय (dvitī́ya).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duj, dwi/

#### Determiner

dúi (Perso-Arabic spelling دُئیۡ)
* another
* other, some other

##### Alternative forms

* dúe (Biori)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “dúi”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dúi”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zuj˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [juj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [juj˦˥]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *-tuːjʔ ~ *-duːs.

#### Noun

(classifier con) dúi
* bamboo rat

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* nhúi
* giúi

#### Verb

dúi
* to stuff that which is substantial into something firmly
    Synonym: lận
* (colloquial) to press and push somebody hard
    Synonym: đẩy

#### Adverb

dúi
* headlong, headfirst
** 2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):Y vừa nói vừa bước tới bước lui, chợt sơ ý đạp lên vũng rượu cạnh Khưu Xử Cơ, huỵch một tiếng, ngã dúi vào người Khưu Xử Cơ.Speaking and going to and fro at the same time, suddenly he inadvertently stepped in the puddle of rice wine besides Qiū Chǔjī and with a thwack he fell head first into Qiū Chǔjī.
# fetishist
## English
### Etymology

From fetish +‎ -ist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛtɪʃɪst/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fetishist (plural fetishists)
* One who has a sexual fetish.
* (archaic) A believer in magical fetishes or talismans.
** 1845, Brownson's Review, page 472:As well might we charge the people of Massachusetts with being Fetichists, as the Professor charge us with worshipping images.
** 1882, Sir John Lubbock, The Origin of Civilization and the Primitve Condition of Man: Mental and Social Condition of Savages, page 4:These races were Fetichists before they became Buddhist, Mahometan, or Christian.
** 1866, John Stuart Mill, The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte, page 170:The Fetishist thinks not merely that his Fetish is alive, but that it can help him in war, can cure him of diseases, can grant him prosperity, or afflict him with all the contrary evils.

#### Synonyms

* (person with sexual fetish): kinkster, paraphiliac

#### Antonyms

* normophile

#### Derived terms

* circumfetishist
* fetishistic
* fetus fetishist
* technofetishist

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* fittishes, shiftiest
# fetoscopy
## English
### Etymology

From feto- +‎ -scopy.

### Noun

fetoscopy (countable and uncountable, plural fetoscopies)
* An endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta.

#### Derived terms

* embryofetoscopy
* fetoscopic
# fetterless
## English
### Etymology

From fetter +‎ -less.

### Adjective

fetterless (not comparable)
* Without fetters.

#### Synonyms

* free
* unbound
* unchained

#### Derived terms

* fetterlessness
# 韻目
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùnmù
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^5$ muk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùnmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùnmù
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^4$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: yùn-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunnmuh
*** Palladius: юньму (junʹmu)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^5$ muk$^6$
*** Yale: wáhn muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^5$ muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^5$ mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn¹³ mʊk̚²/

### Noun

韻目
* rhyme entry
    韻目代日／韵目代日 ― yùnmù dài rì ― to represent dates using rhyme entries, a method used in China from the 1880s to the early 1950s, where each day of the month (except 31st) was represented by a single character corresponding to the table below, in order to save on the cost when sending telegrams
# 蠶沙
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cánshā
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˊ ㄕㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^4$ saa$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhâm-soa
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe-so
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cánshā
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˊ ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cánsha
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^2$-sha$^1$
*** Yale: tsán-shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarnsha
*** Palladius: цаньша (canʹša)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^4$ saa$^1$
*** Yale: chàahm sā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^4$ saa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^4$ sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm²¹ saː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâm-soa
*** Tâi-lô: tshâm-sua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhamsoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam²⁴⁻²² sua⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe-so
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$ so
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe-so
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²² so⁴⁴/

#### Noun

蠶沙
* silkworm excrement

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蠶沙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蠶沙 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蠶屎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蠶沙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蠶沙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蠶屎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蠶沙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蠶沙, 蠶屎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蠶屎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蠶沙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蠶屎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠶㞎㞎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蠶沙, 蠶子蛋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蠶屎, 蠶癟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蠶沙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠶沙子 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蠶屎 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠶屎 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蠶屎 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 蠶蟲屎 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠶屎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蠶子蛋 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蠶沙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蠶屎 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蠶兒屎 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蠶仔屎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蠶繭屎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 桑囝屎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 娘仔屎 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 娘屎 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蠶屎 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蠶屎 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蠶屎 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠶惡, 蠶沙 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蠶惡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠶屎, 蠶沙 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蠶屎 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠶惡 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蠶惡 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠶沙 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蠶惡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蠶子屎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蠶屎 |

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 蠶沙 – see 蠶痧 (“freckle”). (This term is a variant form of 蠶痧).
# Զմյուռնիա
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Զմիւռնիա (Zmiwṙnia).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /zmjurniˈɑ/, [zmjurni(j)ɑ́]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /zmʏɾniˈɑ/, [zmʏɾni(j)ɑ́]

### Proper noun

Զմյուռնիա • (Zmyuṙnia) (traditional orthography spelling Զմիւռնիա)
* (historical) Smyrna

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Ašxarhagrakan anunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Geographic Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, pages 50, 53