# 任

| 任 | U+4EFB, &#20219; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EFB |
| ← 仺 [U+4EFA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 仼 → [U+4EFC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

任 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹土 (OHG), four-corner 2221$_4$, composition ⿰亻壬)

#### Derived characters

* 𠲏, 姙, 𢂧, 㤛, 拰, 㳝, 𤞘, 栣, 𭴞, 𭹆, 𥆂, 𥙛, 秹, 袵, 絍(𫟃), 𦣨, 䛘(𬣯), 𫏊, 𨠲, 銋, 餁
* 𨿂, 𪀼, 𠲉, 荏, 䇮, 𫕤, 𤶄, 凭, 𡜟, 𫶭, 恁, 栠, 𤇲, 㶵, 𠄶, 𬓧, 䋕, 𦚮, 𧙨, 賃(赁), 𨉃, 䣸, 𨿃, 𩷀, 鵀(𬸊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 416
* Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 6
* Unihan data for U+4EFB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 任 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb12353b12354Small seal scripts05801Transcribed ancient scriptsL33730L33731L12273L12274L12275L12276L12277L12278L12279 |||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 紝 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 鵀 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 拰 | *nɯmʔ |
| 賃 | *nɯms |
| 任 | *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 壬 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm |
| 恁 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 銋 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 荏 | *njɯmʔ |
| 餁 | *njɯmʔ |
| 栠 | *njɯmʔ |
| 袵 | *njɯmʔ |
| 飪 | *njɯmʔ |
| 妊 | *njɯms |
| 衽 | *njɯms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯm, *njɯms): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 壬 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm) – to carry on a shoulder pole.
Note that its phonetic part 壬 (OC *njɯm) may be the graphical representation of 任, depicting a shoulder pole rotated by 90 degrees.

### Etymology

Cognate with 妊 (OC *njɯms, “pregnant”) and Tibetan སྣོམ་པ (snom pa, “to take; seize; hold”). May also be cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *ȵam¹ (“to hold”) and Old Khmer nāṃ (“to carry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rèn (ren$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngim$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yim / ngim
    (Hailu, HRS): rhim$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yim$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): êng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rim$^6$ / rim$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$
*** Yale: rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^6$
*** Yale: yahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡim³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yim / ngim
*** Hakka Romanization System: im / ngim
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^4$ / ngim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /im⁵⁵/, /ŋim⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yim / ngim
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)im / ngim
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^4$ / ngim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)im⁵⁵/, /ŋim⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhim$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒim³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /im⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
*** Tâi-lô: līm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lim
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
*** Tâi-lô: jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rim$^6$ / rim$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm / jīm
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zim³⁵/, /d͡zim¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit任 (責任) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐən⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /in⁵³/ /ʐən⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʐẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐən³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʐẽ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʐə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zən¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zen²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐə̃²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐən⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʐəŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zaŋ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ian¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɨn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /im⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /im⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐm²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɐm²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐm²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lim²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛiŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zim³⁵/ /zim³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zim³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyimH
Rime :
| Character | 任 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 汝鴆切 |
| Baxter | nyimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 任 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyim$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n[ə]m-s/ |
| English | burden; charge (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 任 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10823 |
| Phonetic component | 壬 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妊 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯms/ |

#### Definitions

任
* to carry on a shoulder pole; to carry
* to bear; to endure; to put up with
* to take charge of; to assume the post of; to be in charge of
* to trust to; to rely on; to believe; to guarantee
* to appoint; to assign someone to a post
* to indulge; to be self-indulgent; to allow
** 放任 ― fàngrèn ― to indulge
* load; burden; luggage; baggage
* duty; responsibility; obligation
** 任務／任务 ― rènwù ― task; mission
* tenure; term of office; incumbency
** 現任／现任 ― xiànrèn ― to be currently serving as; incumbent
** 前任 ― qiánrèn ― predecessor
** 繼任／继任 ― jìrèn ― successor
* office; post; position
* officeholder; postholder
* even if; even though
* no matter how; regardless of
* Classifier for terms of office.

#### Compounds

* 一任 (yīrèn)
* 一身二任
* 上任 (shàngrèn)
* 不任 (bùrèn)
* 不信任案
* 主任 (zhǔrèn)
* 主任委員 / 主任委员
* 任人
* 任意 (rènyì)
* 信任 (xìnrèn)
* 信任投票 (xìnrèn tóupiào)
* 信任狀 / 信任状
* 充任 (chōngrèn)
* 兼任 (jiānrèn)
* 出任 (chūrèn)
* 刑事責任 / 刑事责任 (xíngshì zérèn)
* 到任 (dàorèn)
* 前任 (qiánrèn)
* 力不勝任 / 力不胜任
* 力微任重
* 勝任 / 胜任 (shèngrèn)
* 勝任愉快 / 胜任愉快
* 勢任 / 势任
* 升任 (shēngrèn)
* 卸任 (xièrèn)
* 原任
* 可任
* 叨任
* 器任
* 國際責任 / 国际责任
* 在任 (zàirèn)
* 大任
* 委任 (wěirèn)
* 委任狀 / 委任状
* 委任直選 / 委任直选
* 委任立法
* 委任統治 / 委任统治
* 寵任 / 宠任
* 專任 / 专任 (zhuānrèn)
* 就任 (jiùrèn)
* 常任 (chángrèn)
* 後任 / 后任 (hòurèn)
* 得權重任 / 得权重任 (dé quán zhòngrèn)
* 復任 / 复任
* 承任
* 接任 (jiērèn)
* 推賢任人 / 推贤任人
* 撤任
* 擔任 / 担任 (dānrèn)
* 放任 (fàngrèn)
* 放任自流
* 放任行為 / 放任行为
* 政治責任 / 政治责任
* 放蕩任氣 / 放荡任气
* 教務主任 / 教务主任
* 新任 (xīnrèn)
* 會任之家 / 会任之家
* 柄任
* 棟梁之任
* 歷任 / 历任 (lìrèn)
* 民事責任 / 民事责任 (mínshì zérèn)
* 治任
* 派任 (pàirèn)
* 無任 / 无任 (wúrèn)
* 無任之祿 / 无任之禄
* 燮和之任
* 特任
* 猥當大任 / 猥当大任
* 現任 / 现任 (xiànrèn)
* 用賢任能 / 用贤任能
* 留任 (liúrèn)
* 眾怒難任 / 众怒难任
* 矜己任智
* 知人善任 (zhīrénshànrèn)
* 科任 (kērèn)
* 科任老師 / 科任老师
* 簡任 / 简任
* 級任 / 级任 (jírèn)
* 級任制 / 级任制
* 級任導師 / 级任导师
* 級任老師 / 级任老师
* 繼任 / 继任 (jìrèn)
* 續任 / 续任 (xùrèn)
* 聘任 (pìnrèn)
* 聘任制
* 職任 / 职任
* 聽之任之 / 听之任之 (tīngzhīrènzhī)
* 聽任 / 听任 (tīngrèn)
* 聽天任命 / 听天任命 (tīngtiānrènmìng)
* 膺任
* 自由放任 (zìyóufàngrèn)
* 致遠任重 / 致远任重
* 舉賢任能 / 举贤任能
* 荐任
* 蒞任 / 莅任 (lìrèn)
* 薦任 / 荐任
* 薦賢任能 / 荐贤任能
* 親任 / 亲任
* 解任 (jiěrèn)
* 調任 / 调任 (diàorèn)
* 負才任氣 / 负才任气
* 責任 / 责任 (zérèn)
* 責任事故 / 责任事故
* 責任保險 / 责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
* 責任內閣 / 责任内阁
* 責任制 / 责任制 (zérènzhì)
* 責任感 / 责任感 (zérèngǎn)
* 走馬上任 / 走马上任 (zǒumǎshàngrèn)
* 走馬之任 / 走马之任
* 走馬到任 / 走马到任
* 走馬赴任 / 走马赴任
* 赴任 (fùrèn)
* 輕財任俠 / 轻财任侠
* 轉任 / 转任 (zhuǎnrèn)
* 連任 / 连任 (liánrèn)
* 連帶責任 / 连带责任
* 連階累任 / 连阶累任
* 進賢任能 / 进贤任能
* 道義責任 / 道义责任
* 道遠任重 / 道远任重
* 適任 / 适任 (shìrèn)
* 選任 / 选任 (xuǎnrèn)
* 選賢任能 / 选贤任能
* 重任 (zhòngrèn)
* 重責大任 / 重责大任
* 離任 / 离任 (lírèn)
* 難任 / 难任
* 難當重任 / 难当重任
* 非異人任 / 非异人任 (fēiyìrénrèn)
* 革職留任 / 革职留任
* 高下任心

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rén, rèn (ren$^2$, ren$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ, ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^4$ / jam$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^2$ / zing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lîm / jîm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rim$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rén
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rén
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$
*** Yale: rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$
*** Yale: rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^4$ / jam$^6$
*** Yale: yàhm / yahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^4$ / jam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^4$ / yem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²¹/, /jɐm²²/
* jam4 - prescribed;
* jam6 - variant.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit任 (姓任) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /in⁴⁵/ /ʐən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʐẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʐẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʐə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʐəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ian¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /im⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐm²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɐm²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐm²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lim³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zim³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zim³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyim
Rime :
| Character | 任 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如林切 |
| Baxter | nyim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 任 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10808 |
| Phonetic component | 壬 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 任 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯm/ |

#### Definitions

任
* (historical) an ancient woman's rank of nobility
* (historical) an ancient music of the southern indigenous people
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 壬 (rén, “artful; fawning”)
* a surname
    任弼時／任弼时 ― Rén Bìshí ― Ren Bishi (military and political leader in the early Chinese Communist Party)

#### Compounds

* 任丘
* 任人 (rénrén)
* 任澤 / 任泽 (Rénzé)
* 任縣 / 任县 (Rén Xiàn)
* 任莊 / 任庄 (Rénzhuāng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* responsibility
* duty
* term
* entrust to
* appoint

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin, 任)
* Kan-on: じん (jin, 任)
* Kun: たえる (taeru, 任える)、まかす (makasu, 任す, Jōyō)、まかせる (makaseru, 任せる, Jōyō)、まき (maki, 任)、まく (maku, 任く)、まけ (make, 任)、まま (mama, 任)
* Nanori: さ (sa, 任)、たえ (tae, 任)、たか (taka, 任)、たかし (takashi, 任)、ただ (tada, 任)、たね (tane, 任)、たもつ (tamotsu, 任)、と (to, 任)、とう (tō, 任)、ひで (hide, 任)

#### Compounds

* 責(せき)任(にん) (sekinin)
* 委(い)任(にん) (inin)
* 解(かい)任(にん) (kainin)
* 無(む)責(せき)任(にん) (musekinin)
* 専(せん)任(にん) (sennin)
* 信(しん)任(にん) (shinnin)
* 任(にん)天(てん)堂(どう) (nintendō)
* 任(にん)命(めい) (ninmei)
* 任(にん)務(む) (ninmu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 任
* にん Grade: 5
* goon
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɲ̟ĩɴ]

#### Noun

任(にん) • (nin)
* duty, responsibility, obligation

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 任
* まき Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠kʲi]

#### Noun

任(まき) • (maki)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 任
* まけ Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠ke̞]

#### Noun

任(まけ) • (make)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 任 – see the following entry. :
| 【儘まま】H | [noun] the same, unchanged state; state as it is [noun] (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom [noun] act of leaving things as it is Alternative spellings 随, 侭, まんま |
(This term, 任, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

任 (eumhun 맡길 임 (matgil im))
* hanja form of 임 (“duty; responsibility”)

#### Compounds

* 상임 (常任, sang'im)
* 책임 (責任, chaegim)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

任: Hán Việt readings: nhậm, nhiệm, nhâm
任: Nôm readings: nhậm, nhằm, nhiệm, nhầm, nhẩm, nhăm, nhặm, vững
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).