# 息

| 息 | U+606F, &#24687; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606F |
| ← 恮 [U+606E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恰 → [U+6070] |

## Translingual
### Han character

息 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 2633$_0$, composition ⿱自心)

#### Derived characters

* 媳, 𢥷, 㮩, 㴧, 熄, 瘜, 蒠, 鎴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
* Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2291, character 4
* Unihan data for U+606F

## Bailang
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ sik (“tree, wood”). Compare Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood, timber”).

### Noun

息 (*sik)
* wood

### References

* Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 息 | *slɯɡ |
| 熄 | *slɯɡ |
| 媳 | *slɯɡ |
| 鄎 | *slɯɡ |
| 瘜 | *slɯɡ |
| 蒠 | *slɯɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breathe (life) through one’s nose. Note that 自 originally meant “nose” and was later borrowed for “self”.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”). Cognate with Jingpho sa' (“to breathe”), Burmese အသက် (a.sak).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xī, xí
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhet$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sit
    (Hailu, HRS): sid
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak / sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sí
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^1$
*** Yale: sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhet$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬet̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕit̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sid
*** Sinological IPA: /sit⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
*** Tâi-lô: sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
*** Tâi-lô: siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
*** Tâi-lô: sit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
** sek/siak - literary;
** sit - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit息 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /si²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /siʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /siəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /siʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /si⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚³²/ /sit̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /si²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tek̚⁵/ 利～ |
* Middle Chinese: sik
Rime :
| Character | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 相即切 |
| Baxter | sik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 息 | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sik › | ‹ sik › |
| Old Chinese | /*sək/ | /*sək/ |
| English | breathe | 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13332 |
| Phonetic component | 息 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 息 |
| Old Chinese | /*slɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文自亦聲 |

#### Definitions

息
* to breathe; to pant
* to sigh; to blow
* to stop; to subside; to cease
* to put a stop to; to stop
* to rest; to have a rest
* to grow; to develop
* to calm down; to appease
* breath; life
* one's own children
* interest; dividends
* message; news

#### Compounds

* 一息 (yīxī)
* 一息奄奄
* 一息尚存 (yīxīshàngcún)
* 不息 (bùxī)
* 人亡政息 (rénwángzhèngxī)
* 仰人鼻息 (yǎngrénbíxī)
* 仰天太息
* 休息
* 仰息
* 休息室
* 休養生息 / 休养生息 (xiūyǎngshēngxī)
* 作息 (zuòxī)
* 保境息民
* 保息 (bǎoxī)
* 信息 (xìnxī)
* 偃兵息甲
* 假息
* 停息 (tíngxī)
* 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
* 兒息 / 儿息
* 內幕消息 / 内幕消息
* 冢息
* 出息
* 利息 (lìxī)
* 利息支出
* 利息收入
* 利息費用 / 利息费用
* 加息 (jiāxī)
* 動息 / 动息
* 半價倍息 / 半价倍息
* 卷旗息鼓
* 含息
* 和息 (héxī)
* 咳聲嘆息 / 咳声叹息
* 哱息
* 喘息 (chuǎnxī)
* 喙息
* 嗣息
* 嘆息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
* 壓子息 / 压子息
* 大腸息肉 / 大肠息肉
* 太息 (tàixī)
* 奄奄一息
* 奄息
* 奔流不息
* 好消息
* 姑息 (gūxī)
* 姑息政策
* 姑息養奸
* 娩息
* 子息 (zǐxī)
* 孳息 (zīxī)
* 安息 (ānxī)
* 安息年
* 安息日 (ānxīrì)
* 安息香 (ānxīxiāng)
* 安息香樹 / 安息香树
* 官宦氣息 / 官宦气息
* 官息
* 宴息
* 寢息 / 寝息 (qǐnxī)
* 寧息 / 宁息
* 將息 / 将息
* 導引胎息 / 导引胎息
* 小道消息 (xiǎodào xiāoxī)
* 少息 (shǎoxī)
* 居息
* 屏息 (bǐngxī)
* 屏息凝氣 / 屏息凝气
* 屏息凝視 / 屏息凝视
* 屏氣攝息 / 屏气摄息
* 屏氣斂息 / 屏气敛息
* 屏聲息氣 / 屏声息气
* 川流不息 (chuānliúbùxī)
* 帖息
* 平息 (píngxī)
* 年息 (niánxī)
* 庥息
* 弱息
* 循環不息 / 循环不息 (xúnhuánbùxī)
* 微息
* 怠息
* 息事寧人 / 息事宁人 (xīshìníngrén)
* 息交
* 息交絕游 / 息交绝游
* 息偃
* 息兵 (xībīng)
* 息哀
* 息喘
* 息土
* 息壤
* 息夫人
* 息女 (xīnǚ)
* 息媯 / 息妫
* 息影 (xīyǐng)
* 息影園林 / 息影园林
* 息影林泉
* 息徒
* 息心
* 息心靜氣 / 息心静气
* 息怒 (xīnù)
* 息息
* 息息相通
* 息息相關 / 息息相关 (xīxīxiāngguān)
* 息款
* 息氣 / 息气
* 息滅 / 息灭
* 息災 / 息灾
* 息燈 / 息灯
* 息爭 / 息争
* 息男 (xīnán)
* 息穀 / 息谷
* 息耗
* 息肉 (xīròu)
* 息肩
* 息胞
* 息訟 / 息讼
* 息詞 / 息词
* 息賁 / 息贲
* 息錢 / 息钱
* 息陰 / 息阴
* 息靜 / 息静
* 息饗 / 息飨
* 息黥補劓 / 息黥补劓
* 悚息
* 惕息
* 慴息 / 慑息
* 憩息 (qìxī)
* 懾息 / 慑息 (shèxī)
* 打息氣 / 打息气
* 拆息 (chāixī)
* 掩旗息鼓
* 探消息
* 搖頭嘆息 / 摇头叹息
* 擫息 / 𢬍息
* 數息 / 数息
* 春消息
* 普通利息
* 月息 (yuèxī)
* 有出息 (yǒu chūxi)
* 本息 (běnxī)
* 杳無信息 / 杳无信息
* 杳無消息 / 杳无消息
* 栖息 (qīxī)
* 棲息 / 栖息 (qīxī)
* 棲息地 / 栖息地 (qīxīdì)
* 構訟不息 / 构讼不息
* 歇息 (xiēxi)
* 歎息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
* 止息 (zhǐxī)
* 毫無聲息 / 毫无声息
* 氣息 / 气息 (qìxī)
* 氣息奄奄 / 气息奄奄 (qìxīyānyān)
* 沒出息 / 没出息 (méi chūxi)
* 流光瞬息
* 派息 (pàixī)
* 消息
* 消息兒 / 消息儿
* 浮生瞬息
* 淹淹一息
* 渺無聲息 / 渺无声息
* 無息貸款 / 无息贷款
* 無聲無息 / 无声无息 (wúshēngwúxī)
* 生息 (shēngxī)
* 生息蕃庶
* 生生不息 (shēngshēngbùxī)
* 發息 / 发息
* 瞬息 (shùnxī)
* 瞬息之間 / 瞬息之间
* 瞬息千變 / 瞬息千变
* 瞬息萬變 / 瞬息万变 (shùnxīwànbiàn)
* 視息 / 视息
* 禽息鳥視 / 禽息鸟视
* 稍息
* 窒息 (zhìxī)
* 經久不息 / 经久不息 (jīngjiǔbùxī)
* 綿綿不息 / 绵绵不息
* 耳消耳息
* 聲息 / 声息 (shēngxī)
* 股息 (gǔxī)
* 股息股利
* 胎息
* 脈息 / 脉息 (màixī)
* 脅息 / 胁息
* 臥旗息鼓 / 卧旗息鼓
* 自強不息 / 自强不息 (zìqiángbùxī)
* 與時消息 / 与时消息
* 與民休息 / 与民休息
* 花息
* 苟延殘息 / 苟延残息
* 蕃息 (fánxī)
* 蘇息 / 苏息
* 蚡息
* 行息
* 解訟息爭 / 解讼息争
* 訊息 / 讯息 (xùnxī)
* 調息 / 调息
* 調養生息 / 调养生息
* 貼息 / 贴息 (tiēxī)
* 賤息 / 贱息
* 走漏消息
* 跂行喙息
* 退息
* 透消息
* 間不容息 / 间不容息
* 除息
* 雀息
* 頓息 / 顿息 (dùnxī)
* 風平波息 / 风平波息
* 風息 / 风息
* 養息 / 养息
* 馬路消息 / 马路消息
* 鼻息 (bíxī)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sak$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): set
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sêd$^5$
* Southern Min (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xieg$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sak$^1$
*** Yale: sāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: set
*** Hakka Romanization System: sed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /set̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sêd$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛt̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: xieg$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /siek̚⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit息 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | |
| Mandarin | Harbin | |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | |
| Mandarin | Jinan | |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | |
| Mandarin | Xining | |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | |
| Mandarin | Kunming | |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | |
| Mandarin | Hefei | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | |
| Wu | Shanghai | |
| Wu | Suzhou | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | |
| Wu | Wenzhou | |
| Hui | Shexian | |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /set̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐk̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɐk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tit̚⁵/ 曾孫 |

#### Definitions

息
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) great-grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 曾孫, 曾孫子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 曾孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 曾孫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 重孫子, 重孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 曾孫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 重孫, 重孫子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 重孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 重孫, 男重孫 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 灰灰兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 重孫子, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 重孫孫, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 重重, 重孫 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 重孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 重孫兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 嘞 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 息 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 息 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 曾孫 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 曾孫子, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 曾孫崽, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 息 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 息 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 息嫲哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 息嫲子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 曾孫, 息孫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 息, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 息 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 倈 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 息 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 孫息, 息子 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 息 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 孫息 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 息孫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 重孫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 重孫子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 重孫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 息仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 曾孫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 息仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 息 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 息, 妰𡝃息 † |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 息 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 重孫子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 重孫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 重孫 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 重孫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 玄孫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曾孫子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 曾孫 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 重孫, 息崽 |
| Note | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term |

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out; to turn off; to switch off”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 熄).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “息”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “息”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 251.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* breath
* live
* give birth
* nurture
* spread, multiply
* rest
* come to an end

#### Readings

* Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
* Kun: いき (iki, 息, Jōyō)、やすむ (yasumu, 息む)、やめる (yameru)
* Nanori: やす (yasu)

#### Compounds

* 子(し)息(そく) (shisoku): (honorific) son
* 息(そく)女(じょ) (sokujo): (honorific) daughter
* 息(そく)男(なん) (sokunan): (honorific) son
* 息(むす)子(こ) (musuko): son; (slang, vulgar) penis
* 利(り)息(そく) (risoku): interest
* 令(れい)息(そく) (reisoku): (honorific) son

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 息
* いき Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry. :
| 【いき】 | [noun] breath |
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 息
* むすこ Grade: 3
* irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry. :
| 【息子むすこ】 | [noun] (humble) a son (male child) [noun] (euphemistic, humorous) penis |
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 息 (MC sik). Recorded as Middle Korean 식〮 (sík) (Yale: sik) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 息 (eumhun 숨쉴 식 (sumswil sik))
* hanja form of 식 (“breath”)

#### Compounds

* 서식 (棲息, seosik)
* 소식 (消息, sosik)
* 순식간 (瞬息間, sunsikgan)
* 안식 (安息, ansik)
* 자식 (子息, jasik)
* 질식 (窒息, jilsik)
* 천식 (喘息, cheonsik)
* 탄식 (歎息, tansik)
* 휴식 (休息, hyusik)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: いーち (īchi, 息)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 息 (iki).

### Noun

息(いーち) (īchi)
* breath

#### Derived terms

* 一(ちゅ)息(いーち) (chuīchi, “a single breath, puff; a pause; a small effort”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

息: Hán Nôm readings: tức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.