# 塩

| 塩 | U+5869, &#22633; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5869 |
| ← 塨 [U+5868] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塪 → [U+586A] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鹽 |
| Shinjitai | 塩 |
| Simplified | 盐 |

### Han character

塩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土人口廿 (GORT), composition ⿰土𬐚)

#### Derived characters

* 𥵈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 236, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5382
* Dae Jaweon: page 474, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 472, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5869

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 塩 – see 鹽 (“salt; salty substance, especially table salt; salt; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 鹽).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 塩 |
| Kyūjitai | 鹽 |

### Glyph origin

Japanese shinjitai simplified from 鹽 (臣 → 土 and 鹵 → 口). In the 1946 Tōyō kanji list.

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鹽)

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kun: しお (shio, 塩, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 塩(あん)梅(ばい) (anbai)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 塩
* しお Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鹽 (kyūjitai)
⟨sipo⟩ → /ɕiɸo/ → /ɕiwo/ → /ɕio/
From Old Japanese, cited in the Kojiki of 712 CE. The Old Japanese term is cognate to Ainu シッポ (sippo).
Cognate with 潮 (shio, “[ocean] tide”).
The medial consonant had already lenited to /w/ by 1603, as recorded in the Nippo Jisho.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しお [shìóꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɕio̞]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

塩(しお) • (shio)
* salt
    塩(しお)の結(けっ)晶(しょう)
       shio no kesshō
       salt crystal
* saltiness
    Synonym: 塩気 (shioke)
* (by extension, colloquial) hardship, toil, trouble
* (colloquial) a hoarse voice
* (colloquial) Short for 塩屋 (shioya): a salter

##### Derived terms

* 塩(しお)辛(から) (shiokara)
* 塩(しお)辛(から)い (shiokarai)
* 塩(しお)気(け) (shioke)
* 塩(しお)剥(む)き (shiomuki)
* 塩(シオ)地(ジ) (shioji)
* 塩(しお)屋(や) (shioya)
* 岩(いわ)塩(しお) (iwashio)
* 胡(ご)麻(ま)塩(しお) (gomashio)
* 藻(も)塩(しお) (moshio)
* 山(やま)塩(じお) (yamajio)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 塩
* えん Grade: 4
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鹽 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 鹽 (MC yem, “salt”) and 鹽 (MC yemH, “to salt; salting”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

#### Affix

塩(えん) • (en)
* salt
* to salt; salting
* (chemistry) salt
* (chemistry) Short for 塩素 (enso): chlorine

##### Derived terms

* 塩(えん)安(あん) (en'an)
* 塩(えん)化(か) (enka)
* 塩(えん)害(がい) (engai)
* 塩(えん)基(き) (enki)
* 塩(えん)酸(さん) (ensan)
* 塩(えん)蔵(ぞう) (enzō)
* 塩(えん)梅(ばい) (enbai)
* 塩(えん)分(ぶん) (enbun)
* 海(かい)塩(えん) (kaien)
* 岩(がん)塩(えん) (gan'en)
* 山(さん)塩(えん) (san'en)
* 食(しょく)塩(えん) (shokuen)
* 正(せい)塩(えん) (seien)
* 製(せい)塩(えん) (seien)
* 米(べい)塩(えん) (beien)
* 無(ぶ)塩(えん) (buen)
* 無(む)塩(えん) (muen)

#### Noun

塩(えん) • (en)
* (chemistry) a salt (substance mostly made in neutralization, such as sodium chloride)

##### Derived terms

* 塩(えん)ポツ (enpotsu)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, entry visible here as the third entry below the yellow-highlighted term on the left
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN