# buruk
## Basque
### Noun

buruk
* ergative indefinite of buru

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay buruk, from Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈburuʔ/ [ˈbu.rʊʔ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uruʔ
* Syllabification: bu‧ruk

### Adjective

buruk
* bad
* evil
    Synonym: jahat
* (uncommon) Synonym of busuk (“rotten”)
* (uncommon) Synonym of jelek (“ugly”)

#### Affixations

* buruk-burukkan (“to badmouth”)
* burukkan (“to make bad; to badmouth”)
* keburukan (“badness”)
* memburuk (“to get worse”)
* pemburukan (“worsening”)
* perburuk (“to worsen”)
* terburuk (“worst”)
* berburuk (“to disagree, dispute; to have a bad or wrong take”)
* berburuk-buruk (“to disagree, dispute (repeatedly)”)
* burukan (“a type of land”)

#### Compounds

* mimpi buruk (“nightmare”)
* buruk hati (“evil”)
* buruk mulut (“bad-mouth”)
* buruk rupa (“ugly”)
* buruk sangka (“prejudice”)
* buruk ambil (“to have a bad take”)
* buruk perut (“greedy”)
* buruk pinta (“unlucky”)
* buruk selera (“greedy”)
* buruk siku (“ungrateful”)

### Further reading

* “buruk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk.

### Noun

buruk (Javanese script ꦧꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀)
* a kind of chicken disease

### Further reading

* “buruk” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /burok/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /burʊk/
* Rhymes: -urok, -rok, -ok

### Adjective

buruk (Jawi spelling بوروق)
* old, rotten (as in wood or metal)
* decayed (of fruit or food)
* (figurative) bad (of character)

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* keburukan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* seburuk-buruk [reduplication + comparability] (redup + se-)
* perburuk [causative passive] (peR-)
* burukkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* memburuk [agent focus] (meN-)
* memburukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* diburukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* terburuk [agentless action] (teR-)
* memperburukkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
* diperburukkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
* buruk-buruk [reduplication] (redup)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* buruk sangka
* buruk siku
* mimpi buruk

#### Descendants

* → Cebuano: bulok
* → Tagalog: bulok
* Indonesian: buruk

### References

* "buruk" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “buruk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, probably via Malay buruk.

### Adjective

buruk (Sundanese script ᮘᮥᮛᮥᮊ᮪)
* decayed
* rotten

## Turkish
### Adjective

buruk
* sweet-and-sour (of fruit or food)

### References

* ↑ https://sozluk.gov.tr/