# 黍

| 黍 | U+9ECD, &#40653; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ECD |
| ← 黌 [U+9ECC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 黎 → [U+9ECE] |
| ⿉ | U+2FC9, &#12233; KANGXI RADICAL MILLET |
| ← ⿈ [U+2FC8] | Kangxi Radicals | ⿊ → [U+2FCA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

黍 (Kangxi radical 202, 黍+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人水 (HDOE), four-corner 2013$_2$, composition ⿳禾𠆢氺)
* Kangxi radical #202, ⿉.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/黍
* 潻, 𧑓, 𧬠, 𪏦, 㓿, 𨞃, 𬓸, 𩁄, 𪆜, 𪒚, 𧒁, 𩡠, 𮫑, 𪋩, 𪎭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1517, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47991
* Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 33
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4759, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9ECD

## Chinese

* 黍 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Proso millet (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 黍 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
A cereal 禾 with water 水 or kernels under it. The water may symbolize the wine made from millet or the fact that millet sticky and water-resistant; otherwise, given that millet is a resistant plant that can grow on dry ground, the "water" component remains unexplained. See 黎, in which the radical appears as a contracted form.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”).
However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shǔ (shu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): su$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syu$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): si$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sú
    (Hailu, HRS): shu$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): su$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): su$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): sē̤ / sṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soe$^3$ / sy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sóe / sé / sú / sír / sí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^2$ / su$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): soi$^2$ / xi$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$sy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xy$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǔ
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^3$
*** Yale: shǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: su$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^2$
*** Yale: syú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: si$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: su$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /su¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: su$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /su⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /sy²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sē̤ / sṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /sœ³³/, /sy³³/
* sē̤ - vernacular;
* sṳ̄ - literary.
* Middle Chinese: syoX
Rime :
| Character | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舒吕切 |
| Baxter | syoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tʰaʔ/ |
| English | Panicum miliaceum, glutinous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11800 |
| Phonetic component | 黍 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*hljaʔ/ |

### Definitions

黍
* proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ yì shǔ jì. Wǒ shǔ yúyú, wǒ jì yìyì. [Pinyin]
    That we might plant our broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; that our broomcorn millet might be abundant, and our foxtail millet luxuriant.
* (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Puxian Min) sorghum
* (Leizhou Min) corn; maize

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 高粱, 蜀黍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 高粱 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 高粱, 秫秫 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 胡秫 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 胡秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 高粱, 秫秫, 紅秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 䵚黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 黑秫秫, 秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 䵚黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 高粱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 秫秫, 小秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 䵚黍, 高粱 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 秫秫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 高粱, 秫秫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 秫秫, 高粱 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 高粱, 蘆書 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 秫秫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 榴粟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 高粱粟, 枝勾粟 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 麥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 高粱 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 高粱 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 高粱粟, 蘆粟, 蘆粟仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 羅粟 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 粟 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Changting | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 蘆粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 禾媽, 粟仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 高粱粟, 粟子 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 蘆粟 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 粟哩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 高粟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 禾仔 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蘿穄 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 穄粟 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 蘆穄 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 茭子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 䵚黍 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 茭子 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 高粱 |
| Jin | Linhe | 高粱 |
| Jin | Jining | 高粱 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 茭子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 高粱 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 高粱 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 高粱 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蘆粟, 高粱 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 觀音粟 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 粟仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 高粱粟 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 黍仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蘆粟 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 龍黍 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 蘆粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 穄, 穄黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 穄 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 穄黍 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 扣頭子 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 高粱 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 穄米 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蘆黍, 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 狗尾拖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 黍仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 番黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蘆黍, 番黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 番黍, 蘆黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen (Jinsha) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 牛黍 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 高粱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 金黍, 狗尾黍, 黍越 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 黍, 懸跤黍 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 高粱 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 高粱 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 高粱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 粟子, 高粱 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 高粱 |
| Wu | Danyang | 高粱 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蘆穄 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 高粱粟, 蓬頭粟 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蘆穄 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 粟米 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 玉米, 玉蜀黍 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 玉米, 玉蜀黍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 玉米, 老玉米, 棒子, 老棒子, 老玉麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 玉米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 玉米, 棒子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 玉米, 包米, 棒子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 玉米, 包米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 玉米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 玉米 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 玉米, 棒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 玉米, 玉黍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 棒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 棒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 棒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 棒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 玉米, 棒子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 包米兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 玉米, 包米 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 包米 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 棒棒兒, 包兒米, 玉米 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 玉米, 包米兒, 包米 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 玉米, 玉豆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 棒子, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 蜀黍, 玉蜀黍兒, 老玉米, 玉米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 玉穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 棒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 玉䵚秫, 玉米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 玉茭, 棒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 玉米, 棒子, 玉蜀黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 玉高粱, 玉蜀黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 玉蜀黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 包穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 玉米, 包穀, 玉麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 玉米, 包穀, 番麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanchi | 玉米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Guyuan | 玉麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Longde | 玉麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jingyuan | 玉麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 包穀, 仙麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 包穀, 包穀棒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 棒子, 玉米棒子, 玉蜀黍, 大蜀黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 玉米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 包米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 玉米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Wuzhong | 包秫秫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Zhongwei | 西番麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 玉米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 包穀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 包米, 包穀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 包米, 包穀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 包米, 包穀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 玉麥, 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 玉麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 玉包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 包穀, 玉麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 包穀, 玉麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 包穀, 玉麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 包穀, 玉麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 包穀, 玉米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 玉米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 包穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 包蘆, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 玉米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 玉米, 玉蘆書, 棒頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 玉米, 棒子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 玉米, 棒頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 玉米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 六穀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 玉米, 六穀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 玉榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 玉榴, 包穀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 粟米, 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 粟米, 包粟 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 包粟, 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 包粟麥 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 包麥 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 包麥 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 包麥 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 包粟, 黃粟 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 珍珠粟 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 包粟, 飯包粟 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 粟米, 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 玉米, 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 玉米, 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 粟 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 包粟, 粟包, 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 粟米, 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 包粟 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 粟包 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 粟包 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 粟包 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 包麥 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 番麥 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 包粟, 楂弓 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 粟米, 𥟼 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 粟包, 梧 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 粟米 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 包粟 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 玉米 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 包粟, 金豆 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 包粟, 包粟米 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 粟米, 包粟 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 包麥 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 包麥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Changting | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 包鬚 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 番麥 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 飯包粟 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 麥包 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 飯包粟, 飯包穀 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 包子粟 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 包粟 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 包粟, ข้าวโพด |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 包蘿 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 包蘆 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 包蘿, 包蘿兒 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 包蘆 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 包蘆, 金蘆 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 包蘆 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 包蘿 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 玉米 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 包粟 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 包蘆 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 包蘆 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 玉茭子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 玉䵚黍, 玉茭子, 玉茭 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 玉米, 玉蜀秫 |
| Jin | Datong | 玉茭兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 玉茭子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 玉米, 玉稻黍 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 玉茭子, 玉茭 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 棒子 |
| Jin | Linhe | 玉米, 玉茭子 |
| Jin | Jining | 玉米, 玉茭茭 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 玉茭子, 玉米 |
| Jin | Baotou | 玉茭茭 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 玉茭子 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 玉茭子 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 玉米 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 玉蜀黍 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 玉米, 棒子 |
| Jin | Handan | 玉米, 包米 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 玉米, 玉黍 |
| Jin | Suide | 金䄻黍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 包蘿, 觀音豆, 觀豆 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 包蘿 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 包蘿 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 包蘿 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 包蘿 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 番米 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 包黍 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 包蘿 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 油甜苞 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 油甜苞 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 番黍, 玉秫黍, 油甜苞 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 油甜苞 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 金豆 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 番豆 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 番豆 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 包蘿 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 包蘿 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 番豆 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 包果 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麥穗, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 番仔蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 玉穗, 番大麥, 玉蜀黍, 蘆黍 dated |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 番大麥 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 番大麥 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 番珠 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 玉穗 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 玉穗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 麥穗, 番黍, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 番麥穗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 麥穗 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 番仔麥穗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Sidu) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) | 里仁 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 番麥, 玉米 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 番麥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 番麥仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Taitung (Green Island) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Liuqiu) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 包果, 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen (Jinsha) | 玉米, 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 番仔蘆黍, 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Pengnan) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Huxi) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Wangan) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Cimei) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Huayu) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Zhongtun) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Houliao) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Tongliang) | 番麥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Jibei) | 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 遮戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 遮戇, 番麥, 番蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 玉米, 番大麥, manis |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 包粟 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Sijie) | 包粟 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 包穀 |
| Southern Min | Lechang (Tatou) | 包豆 |
| Southern Min | Yingde (Yuzui) | 包粟 |
| Southern Min | Yunan (Liantan) | 包豆 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 薏米仁, 幼美仁 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 幼米仁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 金黍米, 幼米仁, 薏米仁, 田螺米, 包穀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 金黍米, 幼米仁, 田螺米 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 金黍米, 幼米仁, 田螺米 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 幼米仁 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 薏米仁 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 薏米仁 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 薏仁 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 幼美仁, ข้าวโพด |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 幼美仁, ข้าวโพด |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 幼米 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 遮戇 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 遮戇 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 遮戇 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 黍 |
| Southern Min | Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai) | 包粟 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 包麥, 麥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 珍珠米 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 珍珠麥, 包麥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 番黍, 黍秫 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 番黍 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 包黍 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 粟米 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 粟米 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 玉米 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 玉米 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 珍珠米, 玉米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 八珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 雞頭粟, 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 珠珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 珠珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 番麥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 番麥, 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 番麥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 番麥子, 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大米 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 御麥, 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 蘆粟, 蘆粟米 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 蘆粟, 蘆粟子 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Changshu | 玉麥, 玉麥子 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 番麥 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 蘆粟 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 玉米 |
| Wu | Liyang | 玉米 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 棒頭, 棒棒頭 |
| Wu | Yixing | 玉米 |
| Wu | Danyang | 玉米, 玉米粟, 珍珠粟 |
| Wu | Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) | 米米 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 玉米 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 余米, 樹米, 玉米 |
| Wu | Huzhou (Shuanglin) | 觀音蘇 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 六穀, 玉粟, 玉米 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 玉粟 |
| Wu | Zhuji (Wangjiajing) | 六穀 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Chongren) | 六穀 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Taiping) | 六穀 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 六穀 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 六穀 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 玉米, 珍珠米 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 包蘿粟, 糯米粟, 粟麥, 飯糰粟, 珍珠粟 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 番米 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 包蘿 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 包蘿 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 專專 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 玉米, 包穀 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 玉米子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 包穀, 玉米子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 包穀 |

#### See also

* 黃米／黄米 (huángmǐ)

### Compounds

* 不失黍絫
* 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
* 不爽累黍
* 以戈舂黍
* 作黍
* 嗇黍 / 啬黍
* 委黍
* 巨黍
* 弄黍
* 搏黍
* 摶黍 / 抟黍
* 故宮禾黍 / 故宫禾黍
* 杪黍
* 歌黍
* 殺雞炊黍 / 杀鸡炊黍
* 殺雞為黍 / 杀鸡为黍
* 毫黍
* 燔黍
* 燔黍捭豚
* 燔黍擘豚
* 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)
* 禾黍
* 禾黍之傷 / 禾黍之伤
* 禾黍之悲
* 禾黍故宮 / 禾黍故宫
* 秬黍
* 秫黍
* 稌黍
* 稻黍
* 稷黍
* 穈黍
* 累黍
* 縱黍尺 / 纵黍尺
* 纍黍 / 累黍
* 范張雞黍 / 范张鸡黍
* 茅黍
* 蘆黍 / 芦黍
* 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ)
* 蟬鳴黍 / 蝉鸣黍
* 角黍
* 距黍
* 鉅黍 / 巨黍
* 銖黍 / 铢黍
* 雞黍 / 鸡黍 (jīshǔ)
* 雞黍之約 / 鸡黍之约
* 雞黍期 / 鸡黍期
* 雞黍約 / 鸡黍约
* 離黍 / 离黍
* 香黍
* 鶩角黍 / 鹜角黍
* 黃黍 / 黄黍
* 黍仔
* 黍子 (shǔzi)
* 黍尺
* 黍民
* 黍油麥秀 / 黍油麦秀
* 黍炊
* 黍田
* 黍禾
* 黍秀宮庭 / 黍秀宫庭
* 黍秫
* 黍秸
* 黍稷
* 黍稷情
* 黍穗
* 黍穟
* 黍穰
* 黍米 (shǔmǐ)
* 黍米酒
* 黍粽
* 黍糕
* 黍累
* 黍絲 / 黍丝
* 黍絫
* 黍肫
* 黍臛
* 黍苗
* 黍薦 / 黍荐
* 黍觴 / 黍觞
* 黍谷
* 黍谷生春
* 黍豚
* 黍酏
* 黍酒
* 黍醅
* 黍醴
* 黍銖 / 黍铢
* 黍離 / 黍离 (shǔlí)
* 黍離麥秀 / 黍离麦秀
* 黍雪
* 黍飯 / 黍饭
* 黍飴 / 黍饴
* 黍黍
* 黍黏子
* 黏黍
* 齏黍 / 齑黍

### References

* (Min Nan) “Entry #9252”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* ↑ Francesca Bray, "Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey," Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 28(3): 291-307, 1981.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kun: きび (kibi, 黍)、きみ (kimi, 黍)

#### Compounds

* 黍(しょ)稷(しょく) (shoshoku)
* 鶏(けい)黍(しょ) (keisho)
* 蜀黍(モロコシ) (morokoshi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 黍
* きび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 稷
/kimi/ → /kibi/
Shift from earlier kimi.
First cited to a text from 1241.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きび [kíꜜbì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲibʲi]

#### Noun

黍(きび) or 黍(キビ) • (kibi)
* common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
* Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum
* Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キビ.

##### Derived terms

* 黍(きび)餅(もち) (kibimochi)
* 粳(うる)黍(きび) (urukibi)
* 黒(くろ)黍(きび) (kurokibi)
* 笹(ササ)黍(キビ) (sasakibi)
* 砂(サ)糖(トウ)黍(キビ) (satōkibi)
* 高(たか)黍(きび) (takakibi)
* 玉(たま)黍(きび) (tamakibi)
* 唐(とう)黍(きび) (tōkibi)
* 南(なん)蛮(ばん)黍(きび) (nanban kibi)
* 糠(ヌカ)黍(キビ) (nukakibi)
* 這(ハイ)黍(キビ) (haikibi)
* 真(ま)黍(きび) (makibi)
* 糯(もち)黍(きび) (mochikibi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 黍
* きみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 稷
⟨ki$_1$mi$_1$⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.

#### Noun

黍(きみ) • (kimi)
* (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
** Shōsōin, text available online here:
    小豆二升〈十八文〉伎美二升〈百←十二文〉Two masu of adzuki beans (18 coins); two masu of millet (100 ← 12 coins)
       [Note: The arrow is not included in the Jidai-betsu Kokugo Daijiten citation.]
* (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “きび 【黍・稷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *kimi.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.

### Noun

黍 (ki₁mi₁) (kana きみ)
* the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3834:
    成棗寸三二粟嗣延田葛乃後毛將相跡葵花咲nasi natume₂ ki₁mi₁ ni apa tugi₁ papu kuzu no₂ no₂ti mo apamu to₂ apupi₁ pana sakuLike pears, jujubes, and millet coming after the foxtail millet and creeping arrowroots, [we] meet later when the mallow-flowers bloom.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 黍 (kimi → kibi)

### References

* 1 2 “きみ 【黍・稷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 246

## Vietnamese
### Han character

黍: Hán Nôm readings: thử
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.