# plane
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pleɪn/
* Audio (UK); “a plane” [ə pʰlɛɪ̯n]:(file)
* Audio (US); [pʰl̥ẽːn]:(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪn
* Homophone: plain

### Etymology 1

From Latin plānum (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of plānus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

#### Adjective

plane (comparative planer, superlative planest)
* Of a surface: flat or level.

##### Translations
#### Noun

plane (plural planes)
* A level or flat surface.
* (geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.
** 1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw, Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 396:Mirrors in the compartments have been canted out of the vertical plane to reduce reflections to the passengers when seated.
** (anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.
* A level of existence or development.
** 1982 December 4, Catherine Joseph, “Empowered into Enlightenment”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 20, page 8:Nettie's stories about her experiences in Africa point out many parallels between the African and American ways of life. Her stories about the African lifestyle and family structure, in particular, point out the sexist and oppressive conditions that women are forced to submit to on a global plane.
    astral plane
* A roughly flat, thin, often moveable structure used to create lateral force by the flow of air or water over its surface, found on aircraft, submarines, etc.
    Hyponyms: airfoil, hydrofoil, wing, foreplane, canard, tailplane, stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer
* (computing, Unicode) Any of 17 designated ranges of 2$^{16}$ (65,536) sequential code points each.

##### Hyponyms

* (mathematics): real plane, complex plane
* (anatomy): coronal plane, frontal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane
* (level of existence): astral plane
* (control surface): diving plane
* (Unicode): BMP, PUP, SIP, SMP, SPUA, SSP, supplementary plane, TIP

##### Derived terms

* aerospace plane
* astral plane
* axial plane
* bedding plane
* biplane
* bit plane
* bow plane
* Bragg plane
* bush plane
* capping plane
* Cartesian plane
* chase plane
* compass plane
* coordinate plane
* data plane
* datum plane
* divisional plane
* doomsday plane
* ecliptic plane
* equatorial plane
* Euclidean plane
* fairwater plane
* false plane tree
* Fano plane
* fault plane
* fighter plane
* focal plane
* fracture plane
* Frankfurt plane
* ghost plane
* gliding plane
* gutter plane
* half-plane
* horizontal plane
* hyperbolic plane
* inclined plane
* in-plane switching
* interplane
* intraplane
* invariable plane
* jack plane
* jet plane
* jointer plane
* land the plane
* Laplace plane
* lead plane
* London plane
* London plane tree
* median plane
* mesial plane
* monoplane
* Moufang plane
* multiplane
* oblique plane
* orbital plane
* paper plane
* phase plane
* picture plane
* plan ahead
* plane angle
* plane curve
* plane fright
* plane geometry
* plane graph
* plane iron
* plane joint
* plane-mate
* plane mirror
* plane of ecliptic
* plane of existence
* plane of symmetry
* plane-parallel
* plane polarized light
* plane sailing
* planeswalker
* plane table
* plane tree
* plane wave
* projective plane
* proof plane
* quadruplane
* rabbet plane
* radical plane
* real projective plane
* reed plane
* reglet plane
* rocket plane
* scaleboard plane
* sesquiplane
* sniffer plane
* spaceplane
* S plane
* spotter plane
* spy plane
* stern plane
* subplane
* symmetry plane
* tangent plane
* time plan
* transaxial plane
* transpyloric plane
* triplane
* view plane
* X-plane
* zoo plane

##### Related terms

* plain
* planar
* planate

##### Descendants

* → Irish: plána

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English plane, plaine, from Anglo-Norman plaine, from Late Latin plāna (“planing tool”).

#### Noun

plane (plural planes)
* (countable, carpentry) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.

##### See also

* rhykenologist

#### Verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)
* (transitive, carpentry) To smooth (wood) with a plane.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Clipping of aeroplane.

#### Alternative forms

* 'plane (dated)

#### Noun

plane (plural planes)
* (aircraft) An airplane; an aeroplane.
** 2013 September 6, Tom Cheshire, “Solar-powered travel”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 13, page 34:The plane is travelling impossibly slowly – 30km an hour – when it gently noses up and leaves the ground. With air beneath them, the rangy wings seem to gain strength; the fuselage that on the ground seemed flimsy becomes elegant, like a crane vaunting in flight. It seems not to fly, though, so much as float.
* (entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies, of various genera, having a slow gliding flight.
    Synonym: aeroplane
* (entomology) The butterfly Bindahara phocides, family Lycaenidae, of Asia and Australasia.

##### Derived terms

* arsenal plane
* biplane
* build the plane while flying it
* cargo plane
* floatplane
* landplane
* plane mile
* planeside
* planespotter
* planespotting
* plane ticket
* quadriplane
* seaplane
* sesquiplane
* spaceplane
* triplane

##### Translations
#### Verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)
* (nautical, of a boat) To move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water.
* To glide or soar.

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

From Middle English plane, borrowed from Old French plane, from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos), from πλατύς (platús, “wide, broad”).

#### Noun

plane (plural planes)
* (countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.
* (Northern UK) A sycamore.

##### Derived terms

* Cape plane
* London plane
* oriental plane, oriental plane tree

##### Translations
### Further reading

* Plane on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Alpen, Nepal, Palen, Plean, palen, panel, penal, plena

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈplanɛ]

### Verb

plane
* third-person singular present of planout

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plan/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: planes

### Adjective

plane
* feminine singular of plan

### Verb

plane
* inflection of planer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Népal, pénal

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

plane
* inflection of planen:
** first-person singular present
** first/third-person singular subjunctive I
** singular imperative

## Latin
### Etymology

From plānus (“intelligible, clear”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈplaː.neː/, [ˈpɫ̪äːneː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpla.ne/, [ˈpläːne]

### Adverb

plānē (comparative plānius, superlative plānissimē)
* plainly (to the senses or understanding), distinctly, intelligibly
* (emphasising correctness) clearly, obviously
** (also used as an affirmative answer)
* wholly, utterly, thoroughly, quite

#### Related terms

* plānus

#### Descendants

* → Hungarian: pláne

### References

* “plānē” on page 1526 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

### Further reading

* “plane”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “plane”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* plane in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* plane in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to speak openly, straightforwardly: plane, aperte dicere to banish all sad thoughts: omnem luctum plane abstergere

### Anagrams

* plēnā, plēna

## Lithuanian
### Noun

plane m
* locative singular of planas

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Adjective

plane
* definite singular of plan
* plural of plan

## Portuguese
### Verb

plane
* inflection of planar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Swedish
### Adjective

plane
* definite natural masculine singular of plan

### Anagrams

* Nepal, alpen