# 承

| 承 | U+627F, &#25215; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-627F |
| ← 找 [U+627E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 技 → [U+6280] |

## Translingual
### Han character

承 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓弓手人 (NNQO), four-corner 1723$_2$, composition ⿲㇇⿻了三⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿲㇇⿻了三⿱丿乀(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 𠉹, 𰇻, 𢮋, 㴍, 𰗸, 𤗓, 𦜎, 𫎷, 𰸧, 𢬫, 𢬬, 𰔄, 𢁇, 𦫠, 𨛾, 𦲶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 419, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11852
* Dae Jaweon: page 766, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 54, character 3
* Unihan data for U+627F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 承 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蒸 | *kljɯŋ |
| 烝 | *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs |
| 篜 | *klɯŋ |
| 脀 | *kljɯŋ |
| 拯 | *kljɯŋʔ |
| 氶 | *kljɯŋʔ |
| 承 | *ɡljɯŋ |
| 丞 | *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs |
| 巹 | *klɯnʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) – to hold; to carry. Compare 丞. In the seal script, an additional hand 手 was added.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chéng (cheng$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siin$^4$ / ciin$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ceng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sîn / sêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^5$ / sêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen$^2$ / shen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cen$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰən²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siin$^4$ / ciin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨn³⁵/, /t͡sʰɨn²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ceng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chěng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn / sêng
*** Tâi-lô: sîn / sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siin, seeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³/, /siɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³/, /siɪŋ²³/
* sîn - vernacular;
* sêng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit承 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰen²¹/ /sen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zeŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɖ͡ʐən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ ～不住 /t͡sʰɨn²⁴/ ～認 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /seŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /seŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /siŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siŋ³⁵/ /sin³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /seŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /teŋ³¹/ /tin³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzying
Rime :
| Character | 承 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 署陵切 |
| Baxter | dzying |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-t]əŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 承 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzying › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m-t]əŋ/ |
| English | receive |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 承 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1413 |
| Phonetic component | 丞 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 承 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡljɯŋ/ |

#### Definitions

承
* to receive; to accept; to inherit
* to undertake; to contract (a job)
* to continue; to carry on; to succeed
* to be obliged; to be indebted to
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一力承當 / 一力承当
* 一手承運 / 一手承运
* 一脈相承 / 一脉相承 (yīmàixiāngchéng)
* 不承望
* 代位繼承 / 代位继承
* 仰承
* 供承
* 傳承 / 传承 (chuánchéng)
* 允承
* 先意承志
* 先意承旨
* 共同繼承 / 共同继承
* 勞承 / 劳承
* 嗣承
* 四海承風 / 四海承风
* 國家承認 / 国家承认
* 坦承 (tǎnchéng)
* 多承
* 奉令承教
* 奉天承運 / 奉天承运 (fèngtiānchéngyùn)
* 奉承 (fèngchéng)
* 奉承話 / 奉承话
* 嫡孫承重 / 嫡孙承重
* 子承父業 / 子承父业
* 屈意奉承
* 師承 / 师承 (shīchéng)
* 平均繼承 / 平均继承
* 待承
* 慷慨擔承 / 慷慨担承
* 應天承運 / 应天承运
* 應承 / 应承 (yìngchéng)
* 承上啟下 / 承上启下 (chéngshàngqǐxià)
* 承乏 (chéngfá)
* 承付 (chéngfù)
* 承任
* 承保 (chéngbǎo)
* 承修 (chéngxiū)
* 承值
* 承做 (chéngzuò)
* 承允 (chéngyǔn)
* 承先啟後 / 承先启后 (chéngxiānqǐhòu)
* 承兌 / 承兑 (chéngduì)
* 承前
* 承前啟後 / 承前启后 (chéngqiánqǐhòu)
* 承務 / 承务
* 承包 (chéngbāo)
* 承包商 (chéngbāoshāng)
* 承印 (chéngyìn)
* 承受 (chéngshòu)
* 承問 / 承问
* 承嗣
* 承基
* 承塵 / 承尘 (chéngchén)
* 承奉
* 承宣
* 承審員 / 承审员
* 承寵 / 承宠
* 承局
* 承差
* 承平 (chéngpíng)
* 承建 (chéngjiàn)
* 承恩
* 承恩門 / 承恩门
* 承情 (chéngqíng)
* 承意
* 承想 (chéngxiǎng)
* 承應 / 承应 (chéngyìng)
* 承托
* 承接 (chéngjiē)
* 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
* 承攬 / 承揽 (chénglǎn)
* 承攬契約 / 承揽契约
* 承教
* 承旨
* 承望 (chéngwàng)
* 承歡 / 承欢 (chénghuān)
* 承歡獻媚 / 承欢献媚 (chénghuān xiànmèi)
* 承歡膝下 / 承欢膝下 (chénghuān xīxià)
* 承當 / 承当 (chéngdāng)
* 承當不起 / 承当不起
* 承盤 / 承盘
* 承直
* 承睫
* 承祧
* 承租 (chéngzū)
* 承管 (chéngguǎn)
* 承籍
* 承繼 / 承继 (chéngjì)
* 承續 / 承续 (chéngxù)
* 承翼
* 承聞 / 承闻
* 承蒙 (chéngméng)
* 承蜩
* 承行 (chéngxíng)
* 承製 / 承制 (chéngzhì)
* 承襲 / 承袭 (chéngxí)
* 承認 / 承认 (chéngrèn)
* 承諾 / 承诺 (chéngnuò)
* 承諾值 / 承诺值
* 承讓 / 承让 (chéngràng)
* 承購 / 承购 (chénggòu)
* 承購權 / 承购权
* 承起
* 承載 / 承载
* 承轉 / 承转 (chéngzhuǎn)
* 承辦 / 承办 (chéngbàn)
* 承迎
* 承造
* 承運 / 承运 (chéngyùn)
* 承重 (chéngzhòng)
* 承重孫 / 承重孙 (chéngzhòngsūn)
* 承重牆 / 承重墙 (chéngzhòngqiáng)
* 承銷 / 承销 (chéngxiāo)
* 承銷商 / 承销商
* 承霤
* 承露
* 承順 / 承顺
* 承順逢迎 / 承顺逢迎
* 承領 / 承领
* 承頭 / 承头
* 承顏 / 承颜
* 承題 / 承题 (chéngtí)
* 承顏候色 / 承颜候色
* 承顏接辭 / 承颜接辞
* 承顏順旨 / 承颜顺旨
* 承風希旨 / 承风希旨
* 招承
* 拒絕承付 / 拒绝承付
* 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
* 擲級承矛 / 掷级承矛
* 望風承旨 / 望风承旨
* 概括承受
* 欽承 / 钦承
* 滿口應承 / 满口应承
* 直承
* 看承
* 相承 (xiāngchéng)
* 破承
* 破承題 / 破承题
* 祗承
* 秉承 (bǐngchéng)
* 稟承 / 禀承 (bǐngchéng)
* 空氣軸承 / 空气轴承
* 紹承 / 绍承
* 經承 / 经承
* 總承 / 总承
* 繼承 / 继承 (jìchéng)
* 繼承人 / 继承人 (jìchéngrén)
* 繼承權 / 继承权
* 繼承法 / 继承法 (jìchéngfǎ)
* 菽水承歡 / 菽水承欢 (shúshuǐ chénghuān)
* 被繼承人 / 被继承人 (bèijìchéngrén)
* 誰承望 / 谁承望
* 貫魚承寵 / 贯鱼承宠
* 起承轉合 / 起承转合 (qǐchéngzhuǎnhé)
* 趨承 / 趋承
* 軸承 / 轴承 (zhóuchéng)
* 辱承華翰 / 辱承华翰
* 迎意承旨
* 逢低承接
* 阿諛奉承 / 阿谀奉承 (ēyúfèngchéng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhěng (zheng$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^3$
*** Yale: jěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^2$
*** Yale: chíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/

#### Definitions

承
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 拯 (zhěng)
    From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
    Jiàn yī zhàngfū yóu zhī, yǐwèi yǒu kǔ ér yù sǐ zhě yě. Shǐ dìzǐ bìng liú ér zhěng zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* acquiesce

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: うけたまわる (uketamawaru, 承る, Jōyō)、うけたまわり (uketamawari, 承)、うけたまわり (uketamawari, 承り)、うける (ukeru, 承ける)、ささげる (sasageru, 承げる)、とどめる (todomeru, 承める)、たすける (tasukeru, 承ける)、こらす (korasu, 承らす)、ついで (tsuide, 承で)、すくう (sukuu, 承う)
* Nanori: うけ (uke)、こと (koto)、すけ (suke)、つぎ (tsugi)、つぐ (tsugu)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 承諾(しょうだく) (shōdaku): consent, acquiescence
* 承知(しょうち) (shōchi): consent, acceptance
* 承認(しょうにん) (shōnin): recognition, acknowledgment
* 承服(しょうふく) (shōfuku): compliance, consent
* 承継(しょうけい) (shōkei): succession, accession
* 継承(けいしょう) (keishō): inheritance, succession
* 伝承(でんしょう) (denshō): transmission, hand down
* 了承(りょうしょう) (ryōshō): acknowledgment

#### Usage notes

This may be the only kanji with a six-mora reading, of uketamawari. However, this reading is more often spelled with the final -ri spelled in kana (as 承り; okurigana) to clarify and disambiguate the reading of the single kanji.
This kanji is also one of very few kanji with five-mora readings, and the only verb, namely 承る (uketamawaru, with the kanji comprising the five-mora uketamawa- part).

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 承
* うけたまわ(り) Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 承 – see the following entry. :
| 【うけたまわり】 | [noun] (humble) receiving [verb] stem or continuative form of うけたまわる (uketamawaru) [godan] Alternative spelling 承り |
(This term, 承, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 承
* しょう Grade: 6
* on'yomi

#### Noun

承(しょう) • (shō)
* consent

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 承 (MC dzying).

#### Hanja

承 (eumhun 이을 승 (ieul seung))
* hanja form of 승 (“inherit”)

#### Compounds

* 계승 (繼承, gyeseung, “inheritance”)
* 승낙 (承諾, seungnak, “consent, assent, agreement, acceptation”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

承 (eumhun 건질 증 (geonjil jeung))
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“hanja form of 증 (“help”)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

承: Hán Nôm readings: thừa
* In excess
* Inherit