# stoppen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɔpə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stop‧pen
* Rhymes: -ɔpən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stoppen, from Old Dutch *stoppon, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn.

#### Verb

stoppen
* to stop, to halt
    Ze zijn gestopt met werken.They have stopped working.
* to plug
    Het lek is gestopt.The leak has been plugged.
* to stuff, to put, to insert
    Stop dat daar maar ergens tussen.Stuff that in between there somewhere.
    Stop de stekker in het stopcontact.Insert the plug into the socket.
* to darn
    Hij heeft zijn sokken gestopt.He has darned his socks.

##### Synonyms

* beëindigen
* ophouden

##### Antonyms

* starten
* beginnen

##### Derived terms

* instoppen
* stopbord
* stopcontact
* volstoppen
* wegstoppen

##### Related terms

* stop

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stop
* Berbice Creole Dutch: stupu
* Negerhollands: stop, top
* → Caribbean Javanese: setop
* → Indonesian: setop
* → Papiamentu: stòp, stop

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

stoppen
* plural of stop

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German stoppen, from Old Saxon *stoppōn.
As in Dutch stoppen, the sense “to stop” is figurative from water flow being stopped by plugging. Only in this figurative meaning has the form been adopted into standard German proper, under the reinforcing influence of English to stop. Doublet of stopfen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃtɔpən/, [ˈʃtɔpən], [ˈʃtɔpm̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

stoppen (weak, third-person singular present stoppt, past tense stoppte, past participle gestoppt, auxiliary haben)
* (standard, transitive or intransitive) to stop
    Wir müssen diese Entwicklung stoppen. ― We must stop this development.
    Das Auto hat vor der Kreuzung gestoppt. ― The car stopped at the crossroads.
* (colloquial, regional, northern and central Germany) Alternative form of stopfen (“to stuff, to plug”)
    Musste dein Zeug da so unvorsichtig reinstoppen?D'you need to stuff your things in there so carelessly?

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Synonyms

* (sense 1) anhalten

### Further reading

* “stoppen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “stoppen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “stoppen” in Duden online
* “stoppen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Old High German stoffōn, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃtopən/

### Verb

stoppen (third-person singular present stoppt, past participle gestoppt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (transitive or intransitive) to stop, to halt
* (transitive) to stop, to plug

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

#### Derived terms

* opstoppen
* verstoppen
* zoustoppen

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* stoppien

### Etymology

From Old English stoppian, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn.

### Verb

stoppen (third-person singular simple present stoppeth, present participle stoppende, stoppynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stopped)
* to stop

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) stoppen, stoppe | (to) stoppen, stoppe |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | stoppe | stopped |
| 2nd-person singular | stoppest | stoppedest |
| 3rd-person singular | stoppeth | stopped |
| subjunctive singular | stoppe | stopped |
| imperative singular | stoppe | — |
| plural$^1$ | stoppen, stoppe | stoppeden, stoppede |
| imperative plural | stoppeth, stoppe | — |
| participles | stoppynge, stoppende | stopped, ystopped |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: stop (see there for further descendants)
* Scots: stop, stap

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* stoppet (Etymology 2)

### Noun

stoppen m
* definite singular of stopp (Etymology 1)

### Noun

stoppen m or n
* definite masculine singular of stopp (Etymology 2)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* stoppet (Etymology 2)

### Noun

stoppen m
* definite singular of stopp (Etymology 1)

### Noun

stoppen m or n
* definite masculine singular of stopp (Etymology 2)

## Swedish
### Noun

stoppen
* definite singular of stopp c
* definite plural of stopp n

### Anagrams

* toppens