# 낙

| 낙 | U+B099, &#45209; HANGUL SYLLABLE NAG |
| Composition: | ㄴ + ㅏ + ㄱ |
| ← 나 [U+B098] | Hangul Syllables | 낚 → [U+B09A] |
나낙낚낛난낝낞 낟날낡낢낣낤낥 낦낧남납낪낫났 낭낮낯낰낱낲낳 :
| 끼 ← | → 내 |

## Early Modern Korean
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nak̚]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).

#### Noun

낙 (nak) (hanja 樂)
* enjoyment, joy, delight

##### Descendants

* Korean: 낙(樂) (nak), 락(樂) (rak)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”). Luoyang was the capital of many ancient Chinese empires, whence the figurative use.

#### Noun

낙 (nak) (hanja 洛)
* (figurative) any capital city, especially Seoul
** 1772, 의유당/意幽堂 (Uiyu-dang), “동명일기/東溟日記 (Dongmyeong'ilgi)”, in 의유당관북유람일기/意幽堂關北遊覽日記 (Uiyu-dang Gwanbuk yuram ilgi):긔튝년 팔월의 낙을 ᄯᅥ나 구월 초ᄉᆡᆼ의 함흥으로 오니 다 니ᄅᆞ기ᄅᆞᆯ 일월츌이 보암ᄌᆞᆨ다 하ᄃᆡ […]Kuythywuk-nyen pal-wuel-uy nak-ul stena kwu wuel chwosoyng-uy Hamhung-ulwo woni ta niloki-lol ilwuelchywul-i pwoamcok-ta hatoy […] We departed Seoul on the eighth month of the gichuk year [1769], and in the early days of the ninth month, we arrived at Hamhung, where everybody says that the sunrise and the moonrise are well worth seeing […]

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [낙]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).

#### Noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 낙(樂) (nak) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 락(樂) (rak) |
낙 • (nak) (hanja 樂)
* enjoyment, joy, delight (especially a joy serving as a purpose of one's life)
    Synonyms: 재미 (jaemi), 즐거움 (jeulgeoum)
    아이가 인생의 낙이라는 말은 이제 시대착오적 발상이다.ai-ga insaeng-ui nag-iraneun mar-eun ije sidaechagojeok balsang-ida.That [having] children is the joy of one's life is now an anachronistic notion.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 樂 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙 (樂, nak).

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”).

#### Proper noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 낙(洛) (Nak) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 락(洛) (Rak) |
낙 • (Nak) (hanja 洛)
* (rare) Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (“the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)
* (rare) Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (“Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 洛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙 (洛, nak).

### Etymology 3

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák).

#### Syllable

낙 • (nak)
* 諾: reply; answer
    (eumhun reading: 대답할 낙 (daedaphal nak)) (MC reading: 諾 (MC nak))

### Etymology 4

Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. From Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák) or 락 (Yale: lák). When preceded by another character in a compound, they take the 락 (rak) form.
In the North Korean standard (and in the speech of Koreans in China, who use the Northern standard), these characters are always read as 락 (rak). However, this is the result of an artificial standardization of Sino-Korean readings. Before the establishment of North Korea, most dialects of Korean read the characters as 낙 (nak) in isolation and initial position, due to a phonological restriction against having word-initial [r-].

#### Syllable

낙 • (nak)
* 落: fall, drop
    (eumhun reading: 떨어질 낙 (tteoreojil nak)) (MC reading: 落 (MC lak))
* 樂: joy, delight
    (eumhun reading: 즐길 낙 (jeulgil nak)) (MC reading: 樂 (MC ngaewH|ngaewk|lak))
* 洛: the Luo river
    (eumhun reading: 물 이름 낙 (mul ireum nak)) (MC reading: 洛 (MC lak))
* 絡: tie, enmesh
    (eumhun reading: 이을 낙 (ieul nak)) (MC reading: 絡 (MC lak))
* 珞: jade necklace
    (eumhun reading: 구슬 목걸이 낙 (guseul mokgeori nak)) (MC reading: 珞 (MC lak))
* 酪: type of alcohol
    (eumhun reading: 쇠젖 낙 (soejeot nak)) (MC reading: 酪 (MC lak))
* 烙: brand (on livestock)
    (eumhun reading: 지질 낙 (jijil nak)) (MC reading: 烙 (MC lak))
* 駱: camel
    (eumhun reading: 낙타 낙 (nakta nak)) (MC reading: 駱 (MC lak))
* 諾: reply; answer
    (eumhun reading: 대답할 낙 (daedaphal nak)) (MC reading: 諾 (MC nak))
* 嗠: fermented beverage
    (eumhun reading: 식초 낙 (sikcho nak)) (MC reading: 嗠)
* 雒: type of owl
    (eumhun reading: 수리부엉이 낙 (suribueong'i nak)) (MC reading: 雒 (MC lak))
* 犖: brindled ox
    (eumhun reading: 얼룩소 낙 (eollukso nak)) (MC reading: 犖 (MC laewk))
* 䀩: look askance
    (eumhun reading: 곁눈질할 낙 (gyeonnunjilhal nak)) (MC reading: 䀩 (MC ljak|lak))

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo).