# performance
## English
### Alternative forms

* performaunce (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English parfourmaunce; equivalent to perform +‎ -ance.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: pər-fôrʹ-məns
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [pəˈfɔː.məns]
** (General American, Canada) IPA: [pɚˈfɔɹ.məns]
*** Audio (California):(file)
** (General Australian) IPA: [pəˈfoː.məns]
* Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance

### Noun

performance (countable and uncountable, plural performances)
* The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.
    the performance of an undertaking or a duty
    Though the result wasn't what we were hoping for, I have to commend the performance of the team, never giving up until the end.
** 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:Charles had not been employed above six months at Darracott Place, but he was not such a whopstraw as to make the least noise in the performance of his duties when his lordship was out of humour.
** 1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 98:The outstanding train on the L.M.S. route was the 6.20 p.m. from Birmingham, which reached Euston in two hours after intermediate stops at Coventry, Rugby and Watford Junction, and evoked some sparkling performances from "Patriot" and "Jubilee" 4-6-0s.
* That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; especially, an action of an elaborate or public character.
* (art) A live show or concert.
    The band played a mix of old and new songs during their 90-minute performance.
    We saw the whole ballet performance from the front row.
* The amount of useful work accomplished estimated in terms of time needed, resources used, etc.
    Better performance means more work accomplished in shorter time and/or using fewer resources.
* (linguistics) The actual use of language in concrete situations by native speakers of a language, as opposed to the system of linguistic knowledge they possess (competence), cf. linguistic performance.

#### Hyponyms

* command performance
* concert
* movie
* play
* show

#### Derived terms

* concert performance
* high-performance
* high-performance liquid chromatography
* key performance indicator
* low-performance
* performance anxiety
* performance arousal
* performance art
* performance artist
* performance bond
* performance-driven
* performance management
* performance metric
* performance poetry
* seismic performance
* specific performance
* street performance
* variety performance

#### Related terms

* performant

#### Collocations

* Adjectives often applied to "performance": high, poor, improved, superior, excellent, good, peak, top, optimal, low, economic, academic, financial, musical, human, environmental, vocal, cognitive, dynamic, organizational, historical, physical, social, mechanical, electrical, mental, macroeconomic.

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: performancë
* → Catalan: performance
* → Danish: performance
* → French: performance
** → Turkish: performans
* → German: Performance
* → Italian: performance
* → Japanese: パフォーマンス (pafōmansu)
* → Portuguese: performance
* → Spanish: performance
* → Swedish: performance

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “performance”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* performance in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* “performance”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /perˈfɔrməns/

### Noun

performance f (plural performances)
* performance (a live show or concert)

### References

* ↑ "performance" at ésAdir

### Further reading

* “performance”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Dutch
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərˈfɔːrməns/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance

### Noun

performance f or m (plural performances)
* performance (act of performing)
* performance (that which is performed or accomplished)
* performance (live show)
    De performance ‘I'm leaving this room’, waarbij Oenema, gezeten naast een overheadprojector, zingend haar knipsels liet zien, stond onder meer op het Crossing Border Festival en Noorderslag.The performance ‘I'm leaving this room’, in which Oenema, seated next to an overhead projector, sang and showed her clippings, was performed at the Crossing Border Festival and Noorderslag, among others.
* performance (amount of useful work accomplished)
    Om maar eens een understatement te gebruiken: het is niet mijn beste performance geweest in de afgelopen jaren.To use an understatement: it was not my best performance in recent years.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁ.fɔʁ.mɑ̃s/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑ̃s
* Hyphenation: per‧for‧mance

### Noun

performance f (plural performances)
* (sports) performance

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: performans

### Further reading

* “performance”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /perˈfɔr.mans/
** Rhymes: -ɔrmans
* IPA: (proscribed) /ˈper.for.mans/
** Rhymes: -erformans

### Noun

performance f (invariable)
* performance

#### Synonyms

* (the act of performing) esecuzione
* (accomplishment) prestazione, rendimento
* (show) esibizione

### References

* ↑ performance in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Further reading

* performance in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* perfórmance (uncommon)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁˈfɔʁ.mɐ̃.si/ [pehˈfɔɦ.mɐ̃.si]
* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁˈfɔʁ.mɐ̃.si/ [pehˈfɔɦ.mɐ̃.si]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /peɾˈfɔɾ.mɐ̃.si/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /peʁˈfɔʁ.mɐ̃.si/ [peχˈfɔʁ.mɐ̃.si]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /peɻˈfɔɻ.mɐ̃.se/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾˈfɔɾ.mɐ̃.sɨ/, /pɛɾˈfɔɾ.mɐ̃.sɨ/
* Rhymes: -ɔʁmɐ̃si
* Hyphenation: per‧for‧man‧ce

### Noun

performance f (plural performances)
* acting performance
    Synonyms: atuação, desempenho
* realization
* feat
* (art) performance (artistic manifestation based on staging that can combine dance, music, audiovisual media)
* (linguistics) performance (manifestation of a speaker's linguistic competence)

### Further reading

* “performance”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “performance”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English performance.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɾˈfoɾmans/ [peɾˈfoɾ.mãns]
** Rhymes: -oɾmans
* IPA: (sometimes) /ˈpeɾfoɾmans/ [ˈpeɾ.foɾ.mãns]
** Rhymes: -eɾfoɾmans

### Noun

performance m or f same meaning (plural performances)
* performance art
* performance (amount of useful work accomplished)

#### Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

### Further reading

* “performance”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* performance | Diccionario de americanismos | ASALE
* Diccionario de anglicismos del español estadounidense