# sár
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔaːɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɔaːɹ

### Noun

sár n (genitive singular sárs, plural sár)
* wound

#### Declension
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Oghur *šār (compare Chuvash шур (šur, “swamp”)), from Proto-Turkic *siāŕ (“marsh, dirt”). Compare also Bashkir һаҙ (haź, “swamp, marsh”), Kazakh саз (saz, “mud”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃaːr]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːr
* Hyphenation: sár

### Noun

sár (usually uncountable, plural sarak)
* mud (a mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment)
* (figuratively) mud, dirt, dust, mire, smirch (miserable, shameful, despised situation or condition)
* (figurative, with a possessive suffix, informal) sin, fault, wrong, culpability
    Synonyms: hiba, felelősség
* Synonym of agyag (“clay, loam”)

#### Derived terms

* sáros
* sárvédő
* (meg)állja a sarat

### See also

* iszap

### Further reading

* sár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sauːr/
    Rhymes: -auːr

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse sárr, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz.

#### Adjective

sár (comparative sárari, superlative sárastur)
* painful, sore
    Synonym: kvalafullur
    Á! Þetta er sárt!Ouch! This hurts!
* bitter, distressing
    Synonym: átakanlegur
* hurt, offended, embittered
    Synonym: gramur

##### Derived terms

* eiga um sárt að binda (“to have suffered a great loss”)
* mig tekur það sárt (“I'm really sorry”)
* sitja eftir með sárt ennið (“to be sorely disappointed”)
* vera sárt leikinn (“to be treated roughly”)
* vera sárt um (“to set great store by something”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą. Cognate with Swedish sår.

#### Noun

sár n (genitive singular sárs, nominative plural sár)
* a wound
    Synonym: (poetic) und

##### Derived terms

* fótasár (“venous ulcers, stasis ulcer, varicose ulcers”)
* gera að sárum (“to dress someone's wounds”)
* græða sár (“to heal a wound”)
* vera í sárum (“to moult”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *saihaz.

#### Noun

sár m (genitive singular sás, nominative plural sáir)
* (archaic) cask

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* rás, árs

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /sˠɑːɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /sˠæːɾˠ/

### Etymology 1

From a conflation of Old Irish sár m (“chief, ruler”) and English tsar, Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. The Old Irish may be elliptical for some such compound like (modern) sárfhear.

#### Noun

sár m (genitive singular sáir, nominative plural sáir)
* tsar
* (literary) overlord, ruler

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
sár
sáir
vocative
a sháir
a shára
genitive
sáir
sár
dative
sár
sáir
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an sár
na sáir
genitive
an tsáir
na sár
dative
leis an sár don sár
leis na sáir :

##### Derived terms

* bansár (“tsarina”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish sár m (“outrage, insult, humiliation”), from Proto-Celtic *sagros, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sāxsro-, from *soǵʰ-sro-, from *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”), with vowel lengthening. See *segos (“force”).

#### Noun

sár m (genitive singular sáir)
* (literary) violation, outrage; humiliation

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
sár
vocative
a sháir
genitive
sáir
dative
sár
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an sár
genitive
an tsáir
dative
leis an sár don sár :

##### Derived terms

* sár gach searbhais (“the height of bitterness”)

#### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 327–sego

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

sár m (genitive sás, plural sáir)
* a large cask

##### Descendants

* Norwegian Nynorsk: så
* Norwegian Bokmål: så

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Norse *ᛊᚨᛁᚱᚨ (*saira) (attested in compound), from Proto-Germanic *sairą.

#### Noun

sár n (genitive sárs, plural sǫ́r)
* a wound

##### Related terms

* sárr (“sore, aching; wounded”)

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: sár
* Faroese: sár
* Norwegian Nynorsk: sår
* Norwegian Bokmål: sår
* Old Swedish: sār
** Swedish: sår
* Old Danish: saar, sār
** Danish: sår

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

sár
* strong feminine nominative singular of sárr
* strong neuter nominative/accusative plural of sárr

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sár”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 352; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/352 Internet Archive]