# calma
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈkal.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈkal.ma]

### Etymology 1

From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, but this is uncertain.

#### Noun

calma f (plural calmes)
* calm (lack of action)
* calm (lack of anxiety or stress)

##### Derived terms

* calm
* calmar
* calmós

### Etymology 2

Of pre-Roman origin.

#### Noun

calma f (plural calmes)
* a high treeless plateau

##### Hypernyms

* planell

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

calma
* inflection of calmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “calma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## French
### Verb

calma
* third-person singular past historic of calmer

### Anagrams

* clama

## Galician
### Etymology

From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkalma/ [ˈkɑl.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -alma
* Hyphenation: cal‧ma

### Noun

calma f (uncountable)
* calm (especially of the sea or sky)
* stillness
* peace, quietude
    Synonyms: paz, serenidade, tranquilidade

#### Related terms

* calmo

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkal̪ˠəmˠə/, /ˈkalˠəmˠə/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).

#### Adjective

calma
* stalwart; brave, strong
* fine, splendid

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English calme, from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma). Compare French calme, English calm.

#### Adjective

calma
* calm

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Noun

calma m (genitive singular calma)
* Alternative form of calm (“calm”)

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
calma
vocative
a chalma
genitive
calma
dative
calma
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an calma
genitive
an chalma
dative
leis an gcalma don chalma :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 53
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “calma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “calma”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “calma”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkal.ma/
* Rhymes: -alma
* Hyphenation: càl‧ma

### Etymology 1

Origin uncertain. Possibly from Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, heat of the sun”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).

#### Noun

calma f (plural calme)
* calm, stillness, peacefulness
* tranquility, peace and quiet

##### Related terms

* calma interiore
* calmare
* calmo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

calma f sg
* feminine singular of calmo

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

calma
* inflection of calmare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* clama

## Middle Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkalmə/

### Adjective

calma
* strong
* brave, valiant

#### Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

#### Synonyms

* calmach

#### Derived terms

* calmaigid (“strengthens, confirms”, verb)
* calmuain

#### Descendants

* Irish: calma
* Scottish Gaelic: calma

### Noun

calma f
* strength; bravery, deeds of valour

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Synonyms

* calmacht
* calmatus

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaw.mɐ/ [ˈkaʊ̯.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaw.mɐ/ [ˈkaʊ̯.mɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaw.ma/ [ˈkaʊ̯.ma]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkal.mɐ/ [ˈkaɫ.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -almɐ, -awmɐ
* Hyphenation: cal‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

#### Noun

calma f (plural calmas)
* calm
* tranquility
* (obsolete, literature) heat produced by the sun

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

calma
* feminine singular of calmo

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

calma
* inflection of calmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French calmer.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

a calma (third-person singular present calmează, past participle calmat) 1st conjugation
* to calm
* (reflexive) to calm oneself, calm down, settle down

#### Synonyms

* liniști, potoli

#### Related terms

* calm

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰal̪ˠamə/

### Adjective

calma
* brave, stout, daring, resolute, strong
* thickset, brawny, robust

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “calma”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkalma/ [ˈkal.ma]
* Audio (Peru):(file)
* Rhymes: -alma
* Syllabification: cal‧ma

### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), through Late Latin cauma. Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

#### Noun

calma f (plural calmas)
* calm, stillness, peacefulness
* tranquility, peace and quiet
    Synonym: tranquilidad

##### Derived terms

* calma chicha
* calmar

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

calma
* feminine singular of calmo

#### Verb

calma
* inflection of calmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “calma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10