# sob
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /sɒb/
* (General American) enPR: säb, IPA: /sɑb/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒb

### Etymology 1

From Middle English sobben, perhaps from Middle Low German sabben (“to drool, slobber, salivate”). Cognate with West Frisian sabje, sobje (“to suck”), Dutch zabben, sabbelen (“to suck”), zabberen (“to drool”), German Low German sabbeln, severn (“to drool”), German sabbern (“to drool, slobber”), Norwegian sabbe (“to spill, drop, make a mess”). Compare also Old English sēofian (“to lament”), German saufen (“to drink, swig”).

#### Noun

sob (plural sobs)
* A cry with a short, sudden expulsion of breath.
* (onomatopoeia) sound of sob
** 1874, George Carter Stent, The Jade Chaplet in Twenty-four Beads, page 9:“My husband, alas! whom I now (sob, sob) mourn, A short time since (sob) to this grave (sob) was borne; And (sob) he lies buried in this (sob, sob) grave.”

##### Derived terms

* sobby
* sob sister
* sob story
* sob stuff

##### Translations
#### Verb

sob (third-person singular simple present sobs, present participle sobbing, simple past and past participle sobbed)
* (intransitive) To weep with convulsive gasps.
    She was sobbing because she was feeling very miserable.
** 1697, Virgil, “Pastoral 5”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:She sigh'd, she sobb'd, and, furious with despair, / She rent her garments, and she tore her hair.
* (transitive) To say (something) while sobbing.
    "He doesn't love me!" she sobbed.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:weep

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

See sop.

#### Verb

sob (third-person singular simple present sobs, present participle sobbing, simple past and past participle sobbed)
* To soak.
** 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:the Tree, being sobbed and wet, ſwells the Wood

### Anagrams

* OSB, bos, SBO, BSO, obs., BOs, B.O.s, obs, Bos., Obs, BOS, OBs

## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsop]

### Noun

sob m anim (relational adjective sobí)
* reindeer, caribou (deer of the genus Rangifer)

#### Derived terms

* sobový
* sobice
* sobina
* sobovina

### Further reading

* “sob”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sob”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sob”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sob]
* Hyphenation: sob

### Adverb

sob
* (nonstandard) down, downwards (direction to the center of the Earth)
** 1993, Jorge Camacho, La Majstro kaj Martinelli‎, Iltis Saarbrücken:Ni saltu sob antaŭ ol venos fruemaj promenantoj.Let's jump down before the early promenaders come.

#### Synonyms

* malsupren (“down, downwards”)

#### Antonyms

* supren (“up, upwards”)
* (neologism, nonstandard) sor (“up, upwards”)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sob, so, su, from Latin sub, from Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈso.bi/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsob/ [ˈsoβ]
* Hyphenation: sob

### Preposition

sob
* under
    Antonym: sobre

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech sob.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sôb/

### Noun

sȍb m (Cyrillic spelling со̏б)
* reindeer
    Synonym: irvas

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sob”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɔp]

### Noun

sob m animal (relational adjective sobí)
* reindeer, caribou (deer of the genus Rangifer)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sob”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Tzotzil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔʔm̥/

### Noun

sob
* early morning

### Adjective

sob
* of early morning

### References

* Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

## Volapük
### Noun

sob (nominative plural sobs)
* soap

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only