# ویران
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ویران (virân, “ruined; desolate”).

### Adjective

ویران • (viran)
* ruined, devasted, desolated
    Synonyms: خراب (harab), یباب (yebab), ییقق (yıkık)
* (of a building) abandoned, deserted

#### Derived terms

* ویرانلق (viranlık, “ruin”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: viran
* → Macedonian: фиран (firan)
* → Romanian: viran

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “viran”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5126
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ویران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1317
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 362
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ویران”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1541
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “viran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ویران”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2152

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwylʾn' /⁠awērān⁠/). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭍 (ʾwyrn, “ruin, destruction”) and akin to Old Armenian աւեր (awer), աւերանք (awerankʻ), աւերակ (awerak).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [weː.ˈɾɑːn], [waj.ˈɾɑːn], [wiː.ˈɾɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn], [bäj.ɾɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [wäj.ɾɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [viː.ɹɒːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [väj.ɾɔ́n]

### Adjective

| Dari | ویران |
| Iranian Persian | ویران |
| Tajik | вайрон |
ویران • (virân)
* ruined
** 1210–1292, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 6, story 1; Persian proverb:
    خانه از پای بند ویران است خواجه در بند نقش ایوان استxāna az pāy-band wayrān ast xwāja dar band-i naqš-i aywān astThe house is ruined from the foundation Khajah is bounded by the design on the iwan
* desolate
* gloomy

#### Derived terms

* ویرانه (virâne)
* ویرانی (virâni)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: viran
* → Middle Bengali: অইরান (oiran)
** Bengali: বিরান (biran)
* → Gujarati: વીરાન (vīrān), વેરાન (verān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: वीरान (vīrān)
    Urdu: ویران (vīrān)
* → Ottoman Turkish: ویران (viran)
** Turkish: viran
** → Romanian: viran
* → Punjabi: ویران (vīrān)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աւեր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 359–360
* Gignoux, Philippe (1972) Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 48b
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 112, 511
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 14

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋiː.ɾaː.nə̆/

### Adjective

ویران • (vīrān) (Gurmukhi spelling ਵੀਰਾਨ)
* ruin
* desolation

#### Related terms

* ویرانی (vīrānī, “ruined, desolate, gloomy”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʋiː.ɾɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn
* Hyphenation: وِی‧ران

### Adjective

وِیران • (vīrān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling वीरान)
* deserted, desolate
* (figurative) gloomy

#### Related terms

* (solitude): ویرانی (vīrānī)

### References

* “ویران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “ویران”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.