# 俄

| 俄 | U+4FC4, &#20420; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC4 |
| ← 促 [U+4FC3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 俅 → [U+4FC5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俄 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手戈 (OHQI), four-corner 2325$_0$, composition ⿰亻我)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 665
* Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 162, character 14
* Unihan data for U+4FC4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 俄
* Small seal scripts05857Transcribed ancient scriptsL08399L08400
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 莪 | *ŋaːl |
| 哦 | *ŋaːl |
| 娥 | *ŋaːl |
| 峨 | *ŋaːl |
| 峩 | *ŋaːl |
| 鵝 | *ŋaːl |
| 俄 | *ŋaːl |
| 蛾 | *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ |
| 睋 | *ŋaːl |
| 涐 | *ŋaːl |
| 誐 | *ŋaːl |
| 硪 | *ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ |
| 我 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 騀 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 餓 | *ŋaːls |
| 義 | *ŋrals |
| 儀 | *ŋral |
| 轙 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 檥 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 蟻 | *ŋralʔ |
| 艤 | *ŋralʔ |
| 礒 | *ŋralʔ |
| 羛 | *ŋralʔ, *hŋral |
| 議 | *ŋrals |
| 犧 | *hŋral |
| 曦 | *hŋral |
| 羲 | *hŋral |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːl): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): é (e$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngò
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: é
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: é
*** Wade–Giles: o$^2$
*** Yale: é
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngo$^4$
*** Yale: ngòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngo$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
*** Tâi-lô: gô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
*** Tâi-lô: ngôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ngu
*** MiniDict: ngu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ngu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/
* Middle Chinese: nga
Rime :
| Character | 俄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五何切 |
| Baxter | nga |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋa/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | é |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngo$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13035 |
| Phonetic component | 我 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莪 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːl/ |

#### Definitions

俄
* suddenly; (very) soon; presently
    俄而 ― é'ér ― after a while; presently
* tilted

#### Compounds

* 俄亥俄 (Éhài'é)
* 俄延 (éyán)
* 俄然 (érán)
* 俄爾 / 俄尔 (é'ěr)
* 俄而 (é'ér)
* 俄頃 / 俄顷 (éqǐng)
* 半霎俄延
* 慢俄延
* 懷俄明 / 怀俄明 (Huái'émíng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): É, È
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ, ㄜˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngò
    (Hailu, HRS): ngo
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: É
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: é
*** Wade–Giles: o$^2$
*** Yale: é
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: È
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngo$^4$
*** Yale: ngòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngo$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngo
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
*** Tâi-lô: gô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
*** Tâi-lô: ngôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ngu
*** MiniDict: ngu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ngu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

#### Definitions

俄
* Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
    俄語／俄语 ― Éyǔ ― Russian language

#### Compounds

* 俄國 / 俄国 (Éguó)
* 俄國人 / 俄国人 (Éguórén)
* 俄文 (Éwén)
* 俄羅斯 / 俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
* 俄羅斯人 / 俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
* 俄羅斯族 / 俄罗斯族 (Éluósīzú)
* 俄語 / 俄语 (Éyǔ)
* 俄里 (élǐ)
* 帝俄 (Dì'é)
* 日俄戰爭 / 日俄战争
* 沙俄 (Shā'é)
* 白俄 (bái'é)
* 白俄羅斯 / 白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluósī)
* 蘇俄 / 苏俄 (Sū'é)
* 赤俄 (chì'é)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): é (e$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: é
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: é
*** Wade–Giles: o$^2$
*** Yale: é
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/

#### Definitions

俄
* Used in transcription.

#### Compounds

* 俄亥俄 (Éhài'é)
* 俄克拉何馬 / 俄克拉何马 (Ékèlāhémǎ)
* 俄克拉荷馬 / 俄克拉荷马 (Ékèlāhémǎ)
* 俄勒岡 / 俄勒冈 (Élègāng)
* 俄底浦斯情結 / 俄底浦斯情结 (Édǐpǔsī qíngjié)
* 俄斯特拉發 / 俄斯特拉发
* 埃塞俄比亞 / 埃塞俄比亚 (Āisài'ébǐyà)
* 希俄斯
* 懷俄明 / 怀俄明 (Huái'émíng)

### References

* “俄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga)
* Kan-on: が (ga)
* Kun: にわか (niwaka, 俄)

#### Compounds

* 俄然(がぜん) (gazen): suddenly, abruptly
* 俄雨(にわかあめ) (niwakaame): rain shower

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 俄
* にわか Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 俄 – see the following entry. :
| 【にわか】 | [adjective] [from 790s] sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand [adjective] [from 759] suddenly serious (said of an illness; most often in the construction にわかになる (niwaka ni naru)) [adjective] [from early 1200s] temporary, makeshift, impermanent, ad hoc [noun] Short for 俄狂言 (niwaka kyōgen, “a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play”). [noun] (by extension) any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun [noun] Short for 俄ファン (niwaka fan, “(Internet slang) bandwagon fan”). Alternative spelling 俄か |
(This term, 俄, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 俄
* が Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 俄 (MC nga).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡa̠]

#### Affix

俄(が) • (ga)
* sudden, abrupt, unexpected

##### Derived terms

* 俄然(がぜん) (gazen)

## Korean
### Hanja

俄 (eum 아 (a))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

俄: Hán Việt readings: nga (五(ngũ)何(hà)切(thiết))
俄: Nôm readings: nga, ngoa
* chữ Hán form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”).
* chữ Hán form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”).

#### Compounds

* 㗂俄 (tiếng Nga)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).