# ब्राह्मण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa). Doublet of बाम्हन (bāmhan).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /bɾɑːɦ.məɳ/, [bɾäːʱ.mɐ̃ɳ]

### Noun

ब्राह्मण • (brāhmaṇ) m (Urdu spelling بْراہْمَن)
* a Brahmin (member of the highest caste of Hinduism traditionally regarded as priests)

#### Related terms

* जाति (jāti, “caste”)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* brāhmaṇa (Latin script)
* 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑁆𑀫𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ব্রাহ্মণ (Bengali script)
* බ්‍රාහ‍්මණ (Sinhalese script)
* ဗြာဟ္မဏ or ၿြႃႁ္မꧣ or ၿြႃႁ်မꧣ (Burmese script)
* พฺราหฺมณ or พราหมะณะ (Thai script)
* ᨻᩕᩣᩉ᩠ᨾᨱ (Tai Tham script)
* ພ຺ຣາຫ຺ມຓ or ພຣາຫມະຓະ (Lao script)
* ព្រាហ្មណ (Khmer script)
* 𑄝𑄳𑄢𑄂𑄦𑄴𑄟𑄕 (Chakma script)

### Noun

ब्राह्मण m (feminine ब्राह्मणी)
* Devanagari script form of brāhmaṇa (“brahmin”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* ব্ৰাহ্মণ (Assamese script)
* ᬩ᭄ᬭᬵᬳ᭄ᬫᬡ (Balinese script)
* ব্রাহ্মণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰤𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰮𑰿𑰦𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑁆𑀫𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ဗြာဟ္မဏ (Burmese script)
* બ્રાહ્મણ (Gujarati script)
* ਬ੍ਰਾਹ੍ਮਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌬𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌹𑍍𑌮𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦧꦿꦴꦲ꧀ꦩꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂥𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂯𑂹𑂧𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ (Kannada script)
* ព្រាហ្មណ (Khmer script)
* ພ຺ຣາຫ຺ມຓ (Lao script)
* ബ്രാഹ്മണ (Malayalam script)
* ᠪᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡥᠮᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘤𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘮𑘿𑘦𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᠪᠷᠠᢗᠾᠮᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧄𑧠𑧈𑧑𑧎𑧠𑧆𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐧𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐴𑑂𑐩𑐞 (Newa script)
* ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ (Odia script)
* ꢨ꣄ꢬꢵꢲ꣄ꢪꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆧𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆲𑇀𑆩𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖤𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖮𑖿𑖦𑖜 (Siddham script)
* බ්‍රාහ‍්මණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩲 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑪂 𑪙𑩴𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚠𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚩𑚶𑚢𑚘 (Takri script)
* ப்³ராஹ்மண (Tamil script)
* బ్రాహ్మణ (Telugu script)
* พฺราหฺมณ (Thai script)
* བྲཱ་ཧྨ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒥𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒯𑓂𑒧𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨠𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨱𑩇𑨢𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of ब्रह्मन् (brahman), most likely from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to become high, rise, elevate”). Less likely, cognate with Latin flāmen (“priest”) via a hypothetical root *bʰlag-, but this presents phonetic problems. In any case, synchronically equivalent to the root √bṛh (“to grow, swell”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /bɾɑ́ːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈbɾɑːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

ब्राह्मण • (brāhmaṇa) stem
* relating to or given by a Brahmin, befitting or becoming a Brahmin

#### Declension
### Noun

ब्राह्मण • (brāhmaṇa) stem, m (feminine ब्राह्मणी)
* one who has divine knowledge (sometimes applied to Agni), a Brahmin, a man belonging to the 1st of the 3 twice-born classes and of the 4 original divisions of the Hindu body (generally a priest, but often in the present day a layman engaged in non-priestly occupations although the name is strictly only applicable to one who knows and repeats the Veda)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.75.10:ब्राह्म॑णासः॒ पित॑रः॒ सोम्या॑सः शि॒वे नो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॑ने॒हसा॑ । पू॒षा नः॑ पातु दुरि॒तादृ॑तावृधो॒ रक्षा॒ माकि॑र्नो अ॒घशं॑स ईशत ॥brā́hmaṇāsaḥ pítaraḥ sómyāsaḥ śivé no dyā́vāpṛthivī́ anehásā. pūṣā́ naḥ pātu duritā́dṛtāvṛdho rákṣā mā́kirno agháśaṃsa īśata.May the brāhmaṇas, the progenitors presenters of the Soma, the observers of truth, protect us; may the faultless heaven and earth be propitious to us; may Pūṣan preserve us from misfortune, let no calumniator prevail over us.
* a Brahmin in the second stage (between मात्र (mātra) and श्रोत्रिय (śrotriya))
* name of the 28th lunar mansion

#### Declension
### Noun

ब्राह्मण • (brā́hmaṇa) stem, n
* that which is divine, the divine
* sacred or divine power
* the Brahmana portion of the Veda (as distinct from its mantra and Upanishad portion)
* the soma vessel of the Brahmin priest
* a society or assemblage of Brahmins, a conclave

#### Declension
### Descendants
#### Inherited

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀡 (brāmhaṇa)
** Prakrit: 𑀩𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀡 (bamhaṇa), 𑀩𑀁𑀪𑀡 (baṃbhaṇa)
*** Early Assamese: বামন (bamono)
**** Assamese: বামুণ (bamun)
*** Bengali: বামন (bamon)
*** Bihari:
**** Bhojpuri: बाम्हन (bāmhan), बाभन (bābhan)
**** Maithili: बामन (bāman), बाभन (bābhan)
*** Gujarati: બામણ (bāmaṇ)
*** Hindustani:
**** Awadhi: बाम्हन (bāmhan)
**** Hindi: बाम्हन (bāmhan)
*** Konkani:
    Devanagari script: बामण (bāmaṇ)
    Latin script: bamonn
*** Marathi: बामण (bāmaṇ)
*** Nepali: बाहुन (bāhuna)
*** Odia: ବାମୁଣ (bāmuṇa) (dialectal or obsolete ବାଭୁଣ (bābhuṇa), ବାମୁଣ (bāmuṇa), ବାମ୍ଭୁଣ (bāmbhuṇa))
*** Pahari:
**** Garhwali: बामण (bāmaṇ)
**** Kumaoni: बामण (bāmaṇ)
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਹਮਣ (bāhmaṇ)
    Shahmukhi script: باہْمَݨ (bāhmaṇ)
*** Sindhi: براهَمَڻُ
*** → Kurukh: बमभ्नस (bambhnas)
** Elu:
*** Sinhalese: බඹ (baᵐba)
** Gandhari: 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa)

#### Borrowed

* → Arabic: بِرَهْمَن (birahman)
** → Persian: بَرَهمَن
* → Balinese: ᬩ᭄ᬭᬄᬫᬦ
* → Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণ (brahmon) (learned)
* → Middle Chinese: 婆羅門 (MC ba la mwon)
** Chinese: 婆羅門／婆罗门 (póluómén)
** Japanese: 婆羅門 (バラモン, ​baramon)
** Korean: 파라문(婆羅門) (paramun)
** Vietnamese: Bà La Môn (婆羅門)
* → French: brahmane
** → German: Brahmane
*** → Finnish: brahmaani
** → Dutch: bramaan
** → Portuguese: brâmane
** → Russian: брахма́н (braxmán)
*** → Belarusian: брахма́н (braxmán)
*** → Kazakh: брахман (braxman)
*** → Kyrgyz: брахман (brahman)
*** → Ukrainian: брахма́н (braxmán)
* → Ancient Greek: βραχμᾶνες pl (brakhmânes)
** → Aramaic: ܒܪܟܡܢܐ
** → Coptic: ⲃⲣⲁⲭⲙⲁⲛⲏⲥ (brakhmanēs)
** → Greek: βραχμάνος (vrachmános)
** → Latin: Bracmāni pl, Brachmānae, Bragmānae
*** → Middle English: bragman
* → Gujarati: બ્રાહ્મણ (brāhmaṇ) (learned)
* → Hindi: ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇ) (learned)
* → Kannada: ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ (brāhmaṇa) (learned)
* →? Old Khmer: វ្រះ (vraḥ)
* → Lao: ພາມ (phām)
* → Malayalam: ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ (brāhmaṇaṉ) (learned)
* → Marathi: ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇ) (learned)
* → Odia: ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ (brāhmaṇa) (learned)
* → Pali: brāhmaṇa (learned)
** → Burmese: ပုဏ္ဏား (punna:)
** → Burmese: ဗြာဟ္မဏ (brahma.na.) (learned)
** → Sinhalese: බ්රාහ්මණය (brāhmaṇaya) (learned)
* → Portuguese: bramine (obsolete)
** → Middle French: bramine
*** French: brahmine
*** → English: brahmin, brahman
**** → Irish: Bráman
**** → Korean: 브라만 (beuraman)
**** → Russian: брами́н (bramín)
** → Italian: bramino
* → Sogdian: 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼺𐼻 (prʾmn), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼺𐼰𐼻 (prʾmʾn), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼰𐼺𐼰 (prʾʾmʾ), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼰𐼺𐼻 (prʾʾmn)
** → Old Uyghur: [script needed] (braman)
*** → Middle Mongol: ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ (biraman)
**** Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ (biraman)
***** Buryat: бирман (birman)
***** Mongolian: бярман (bjarman)
**** Written Oirat: [Term?]
***** Kalmyk: бирмн (birmn)
* → Tamil: பிராமணர் (pirāmaṇar) (learned)
* → Telugu: బ్రాహ్మణులు (brāhmaṇulu) (learned)
* → Thai: พราหมณ์ (praam)
* → Classical Tibetan: བྲམ་ཟེ (bram ze) (learned)
* → Tocharian A: brāmaṃ, brāhmaṃ, prāmaṃ, prāhmaṃ, prāmmaṃ
* → Tocharian B: brāhmaṇe
* → Urdu: براہمن (learned)

### References

* ↑ Nourai, Ali (2011) “Bhergh”, in An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 63
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “flāmen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 225
* ↑ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899) Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 193