# कपोल
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कपोल (kapola).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.poːl/, [kɐ.poːl]

### Noun

कपोल • (kapol) m
* (anatomy) cheek
    Synonyms: गाल (gāl), रुख़सार (ruxsār)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कपोल”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 785
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कपोल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 166

## Old Awadhi
### Noun

कपोल (kapola)
* Devanagari script form of 𑂍𑂣𑂷𑂪 (“cheek”)
** c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Rāmacaritamānasa :सरद मयंक बदन छबि सींवा । चारु कपोल चिबुक दर ग्रीवा ॥sarada mayaṃka badana chabi sīṃvā. cāru kapola cibuka dara grīvā.The moon of the Sharad Purnima is the outline of the image of his face, Beautiful are his cheek and chin, and his neck is like the shankha.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* kapola (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀧𑁄𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* কপোল (Bengali script)
* කපොල (Sinhalese script)
* ကပေါလ or ၵပေႃလ (Burmese script)
* กโปล or กะโปละ (Thai script)
* ᨠᨷᩮᩤᩃ (Tai Tham script)
* ກໂປລ or ກະໂປລະ (Lao script)
* កបោល (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄛𑄮𑄣 (Chakma script)

### Noun

कपोल m
* Devanagari script form of kapola

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কপোল (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬧᭀᬮ (Balinese script)
* কপোল (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰢𑰺𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀧𑁄𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ကပေါလ (Burmese script)
* કપોલ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਪੋਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌪𑍋𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦥꦺꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂣𑂷𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಪೋಲ (Kannada script)
* កបោល (Khmer script)
* ກໂປລ (Lao script)
* കപോല (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᢒᠣᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘢𑘻𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢒᠣᠸᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧂𑧜𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐥𑑀𑐮 (Newa script)
* କପୋଲ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢦꣂꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆥𑆾𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖢𑖺𑖩 (Siddham script)
* කපොල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩰𑩕𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚞𑚴𑚥 (Takri script)
* கபோல (Tamil script)
* కపోల (Telugu script)
* กโปล (Thai script)
* ཀ་པོ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒣𑒼𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨞𑨆𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

As a (1) trisyllabic noun with long medial vowel, and (2) noun prefixed with ka-, ki-, ku-, the lemma is characteristic, even prototypical, of proposed loanwords in Vedic from an unknown substrate, dubbed "language X" by Masica, and Proto-Munda by Witzel, expanding on observations by Pinnow and Mayrhofer. Claims of borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kapVḷ, are described as 'possible', though dispreferred to the above, by Turner, and rejected implicitly by Mayrhofer, and explicitly and unequivocally by Witzel and Masica.
Under the orthodox explanation, related to Old English hafela and Latin caput (“head”). Indo-European genesis is substantiated by collateral and related forms, including कर्पर (karpara), कूर्पर (kūrpara), कपाल (kapāla), कपल (kapala), कपोली (kapolī), and possibly कफोणि (kaphoṇi), कफौड (kaphauḍa), and कपाट (kapāṭa): the association, or at least homonymy, of terms for the knee and the cheek is exhibited in Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“cheek, jaw”) and *ǵónu (“knee”), whence English chin and knee, respectively. The primary challenge is medial vowel length in the adduced Indic lemmas varying as a direct function of the presence of a liquid in the initial syllable, which may demonstrate either compensatory lengthening or shortening of the medial vowel depending on the ultimate origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ.pɐw.lɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kɐˈpoː.l̪ɐ/

### Noun

कपोल • (kapolá) stem, m
* (anatomy) cheek
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:गल्ल

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Pali: kapola
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀯𑁄𑀮 (kavola)
** Apabhramsa: kavola
    Devanagari script: कवोल
    Sharada script: 𑆑𑆮𑆾𑆬
* → Hindi: कपोल (kapol)
* → Telugu: కపోలము (kapōlamu)

### Further reading

* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कपोल”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Monier Williams (1899) “कपोल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 251, column 2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कपोल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 532
* Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 16.