# dalem
## Balinese
### Romanization

dalem
* Romanization of ᬤᬍᬫ᭄.

## Ilocano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* (Northern Ilocano) IPA: /ˈdalem/ [ˈdɐ.lem]
* (Southern Ilocano) IPA: /ˈdalɯm/ [ˈdɐ.lɯm]
* Hyphenation: da‧lem

### Noun

dálem (Kur-itan spelling ᜇᜎᜒᜋ᜔)
* (anatomy) liver

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem), from Old Javanese dalem, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (“inside, deep”), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalam.
* The term is associated with the inner part of a royal compound, throughout the Malayo-Javanic cultural area. The reference to “inner” and “inner area” as related to a socially higher status (king, royal residence, and respect) in Malay, Old Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese and Sasak, which appears to be a later innovation related to with Indicized cultural concepts, the development of complex social stratification systems based on increasingly hereditary ranks that extended clan based or tribal relations and ascribed status systems, and the development of economies based on wet rice agriculture.
* The sense of term of address is a semantic loan from Sundanese ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪ (dalem). Compare to Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem, “a term of address for person of an aristocratic family”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd̪aləm]
* Hyphenation: da‧lêm

### Interjection

dalem
* I, me (as a response when called).

### Noun

dalem (uncountable)
* house, dwelling place.
* (Can we verify this sense?) palace: walled-in residence compound of an aristocratic family.
    Dalem Kepatihan ― Palace of Kepatihan
    Dalem Mangkubumen ― Palace of Mangkubumen
* Dated spelling of dalam (“inside, indoors; interior”).

#### Derived terms

* abdi dalem

### Pronoun

dalem
* a term of address for bupati, especially in Sunda.

### Adjective

dalem
* Dated spelling of dalam (“deep”).

### Preposition

dalem
* Dated spelling of dalam (“inside, in, within”).

### References

* ↑ Alexandra Landmann (2017 December 31) Andrea Acri, Roger Blench, Alexandra Landmann, editor, 4. Can We Reconstruct a “Malayo-Javanic” Law Area?‎, ISEAS Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 145–206

### Further reading

* “dalem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

dalem
* Romanization of ꦢꦊꦩ꧀

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daləm/
* Hyphenation: da‧lem

### Adjective

dalem
* interior (inner part)
* inner part of the kraton

#### Derived terms

* adalem (“deep”)

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem)
** → Indonesian: dalem

### References

* "dalem" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Sasak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daləm/
* Hyphenation: da‧lem

### Noun

dalem
* depth, innermost part

### Adjective

dalem
* deep

#### Derived terms

* bedalam
* pedalam

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI