# मिथुन
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मिथुन (mithuna).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /mi.t̪ʰun/, [mi.t̪ʰuːn]

### Noun

मिथुन • (mithun) n
* (astrology, sometimes masculine) the sign of the zodiac Gemini or the third arc of 30 degrees in a circle

### See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृषभ (vŕṣabh) | मिथुन (mithun) | कर्क (karka) |
| सिंह (siuha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तूळ (tūḷ) | वृश्चिक (vŕścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुंभ (kumbha) | मीन (mīn) |

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* mithuna (Latin script)
* 𑀫𑀺𑀣𑀼𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* মিথুন (Bengali script)
* මිථුන (Sinhalese script)
* မိထုန or မိထုၼ (Burmese script)
* มิถุน or มิถุนะ (Thai script)
* ᨾᩥᨳᩩᨶ (Tai Tham script)
* ມິຖຸນ or ມິຖຸນະ (Lao script)
* មិថុន (Khmer script)
* 𑄟𑄨𑄗𑄪𑄚 (Chakma script)

### Noun

मिथुन n
* Devanagari script form of mithuna

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* মিথুন (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬶᬣᬸᬦ (Balinese script)
* মিথুন (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰰𑰞𑰲𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀺𑀣𑀼𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* မိထုန (Burmese script)
* મિથુન (Gujarati script)
* ਮਿਥੁਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌿𑌥𑍁𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦶꦡꦸꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂱𑂟𑂳𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಮಿಥುನ (Kannada script)
* មិថុន (Khmer script)
* ມິຖຸນ (Lao script)
* മിഥുന (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡳᡨᡠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘱𑘞𑘳𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠢᠲᠤᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧒𑦾𑧔𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐶𑐠𑐸𑐣 (Newa script)
* ମିଥୁନ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢶꢢꢸꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆴𑆡𑆶𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖰𑖞𑖲𑖡 (Siddham script)
* මිථුන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩑𑩬𑩒𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚮𑚚𑚰𑚝 (Takri script)
* மிது²ந (Tamil script)
* మిథున (Telugu script)
* มิถุน (Thai script)
* མི་ཐུ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒱𑒟𑒳𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨁𑨚𑨃𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”) an extension of *mey- (“to exchange”). Cognate with Latin mutō whence English mutate, mutual; Latin mittō (“send”) whence English emit, mission, etc.; Proto-Slavic *mьstь (“revenge, vengeance”); English mis-, miss.
Also cf. Mitra, the Indo-Iranian god of contracts.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mi.tʰu.nɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmi.t̪ʰu.n̪ɐ/

### Adjective

मिथुन • (mithuná) stem
* paired, forming a pair
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.173.2:अर्च॒द्वृषा॒ वृष॑भिः॒ स्वेदु॑हव्यैर्मृ॒गो नाश्नो॒ अति॒ यज्जु॑गु॒र्यात्। प्र म॑न्द॒युर्म॒नां गू॑र्त॒ होता॒ भर॑ते॒ मर्यो॑ मिथु॒ना यज॑त्रः॥árcadvṛ́ṣā vṛ́ṣabhiḥ svéduhavyairmṛgó nā́śno áti yájjuguryā́t. prá mandayúrmanā́ṃ gūrta hótā bhárate máryo mithunā́ yájatraḥ.Let the Bull sing with Bulls whose toil is worship, with a loud roar like some wild beast that hungers. Praised God! the glad priest brings his heart's devotion; the holy youth presents twofold oblation.

#### Declension
### Noun

मिथुन • (mithuná) stem, m
* a pair (male and female; but also "any couple or pair")
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.144.4:यमीं॒ द्वा सव॑यसा सप॒र्यतः॑ समा॒ने योना॑ मिथु॒ना समो॑कसा। दिवा॒ न नक्तं॑ पलि॒तो युवा॑जनि पु॒रू चर॑न्न॒जरो॒ मानु॑षा यु॒गा॥yámīṃ dvā́ sávayasā saparyátaḥ samāné yónā mithunā́ sámokasā. dívā ná náktaṃ palitó yúvājani purū́ cárannajáro mā́nuṣā yugā́.He whom the two co-partners with observance tend, the pair who dwell together in the same abode, by night as in the day the grey one was born young, passing untouched by elders through many an age of man.

#### Usage notes

Usually dual. In later language, mostly n. At the end of a compound, feminine in -ā.

#### Declension
### Noun

मिथुन • (mithuná) stem, n
* pairing, copulation
* a pair or couple (but also "twins")
* (astrology, sometimes masculine) the sign of the zodiac Gemini or the third arc of 30 degrees in a circle
* the other part, complement or companion of anything (also applied to a kind of small statue at the entrance of a temple)
* honey and ghee
* (grammar) root compounded with a preposition

#### Derived terms

* मैथुन (maithuna)

#### Descendants

* → Burmese: မေထုန် (mehtun)
* → English: mithuna (learned)
* → Khmer: មិថុនា (mithonaa)
* Pali: mithuna
* → Malayalam: മിഥുനം (mithunaṁ)
* Marathi: मिथुन (mithun)
* → Tamil: மிதுனம் (mituṉam)
* → Telugu: మిథునము (mithunamu)
* → Thai: เมถุน (mee-tǔn), มิถุนายน (mí-tù-naa-yon)
* → Malay: mintuna (مينتونا)

#### See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣa) | ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) |
| सिंह (siṃha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vṛścika) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makara) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मिथुन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 816.
* Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma mithuná