# 落ちる
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 落
* お Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 堕ちる (negative connotations) 墜ちる 零ちる (rare) 落る

### Etymology

/otu/ → /ot͡su/ → /ot͡ɕiru/
Regular development from classical verb form 落つ (otsu, “to fall; to decline; to come to an end”). In turn, from Old Japanese 落つ (otu) of the same meaning, from Proto-Japonic *ətu.
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 落つ entry.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Via root ot-, cognate with 劣る (otoru, “to fail, to lose; to be of lower rank”, intransitive) and 落とす (otosu, “to drop something”, transitive). Additionally, cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ote (“to fall”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おちる [òchíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [o̞t͡ɕiɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「落ちる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 落ちる | おちる | [òchíꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 落ちろ | おちろ | [òchíꜜrò] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 落ちられる | おちられる | [òchíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 落ちさせる | おちさせる | [òchísáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 落ちよう | おちよー | [òchíyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 落ちない | おちない | [òchíꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 落ちなかった | おちなかった | [òchíꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 落ちます | おちます | [òchímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 落ちた | おちた | [óꜜchìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 落ちて | おちて | [óꜜchìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落ちれば | おちれば | [òchíꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

落(お)ちる • (ochiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 落(お)ち (ochi), past 落(お)ちた (ochita))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 落とす |
| mediopassive | 落ちる |
* to fall
    りんごが木(き)から落(お)ちた。
       Ringo ga ki kara ochita.
       The apple fell from the tree.
* (computing) to go down (as when a computer or application becomes unresponsive)
* (electrical engineering, of a circuit breaker) to trip
    ブレーカーが落(お)ちた
       burēkā ga ochita
       the circuit breaker tripped
* (informal) to fail an examination
    Antonym: 受かる (ukaru)
* (Internet slang, chat, video games, etc., of a person) to leave; to sign off; to drop off; to drop
* (informal) to be made available by someone else
    ネットに落(お)ちてる画像(がぞう)
       netto ni ochiteru gazō
       images that can be found on the web

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 落ち | おち | ochi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 落ち | おち | ochi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 落ちる | おちる | ochiru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 落ちる | おちる | ochiru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 落ちれ | おちれ | ochire |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 落ちよ¹ 落ちろ² | おちよ¹ おちろ² | ochiyo¹ ochiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 落ちられる | おちられる | ochirareru |
| Causative | 落ちさせる 落ちさす | おちさせる おちさす | ochisaseru ochisasu |
| Potential | 落ちられる 落ちれる³ | おちられる おちれる³ | ochirareru ochireru³ |
| Volitional | 落ちよう | おちよう | ochiyō |
| Negative | 落ちない 落ちぬ 落ちん | おちない おちぬ おちん | ochinai ochinu ochin |
| Negative continuative | 落ちず | おちず | ochizu |
| Formal | 落ちます | おちます | ochimasu |
| Perfective | 落ちた | おちた | ochita |
| Conjunctive | 落ちて | おちて | ochite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落ちれば | おちれば | ochireba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

#### Idioms

* 猿(さる)も木(き)から落(お)ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru): “even monkeys fall from trees” → even the experts make mistakes
* 問(と)うに落(お)ちず語(かた)るに落(お)ちる (tō ni ochizu kataru ni ochiru)

#### Synonyms

* (fall): 降(ふ)る (furu), 落(らっ)下(か)する (rakka suru)

#### Derived terms

* 飯(めし)落(お)ち (meshiochi)

#### See also

* 転(ころ)ぶ (korobu, “to fall over, to tumble”)
* 崩(くず)れる (kuzureru, “to collapse, to fall into ruin”)
* 落(らっ)下(か) (rakka, “to drop”, more formal)

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 “落・堕・墜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “落ちる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN