# 朁

| 朁 | U+6701, &#26369; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6701 |
| ← 最 [U+6700] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朂 → [U+6702] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朁 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一山日 (MUA), four-corner 1160$_1$, composition ⿱兓曰)

#### Derived characters

* 僭 噆 㣅 憯 撍 橬 潛 熸 㻸 䁮 䃡 䅾 糣 䍼 䐶 譖(谮) 䤐 鐕(𰾷) 䭙 㔆 䣟 䫬 㿊 蠶 嶜 簪
* 𡡖 𣩳 𥎑 𧝆 𨅔 𨼐 𩻛(𱈔) 𪖼 𪯘 𩀿 𪅽 𩅨 𦻳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 503, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14302
* Dae Jaweon: page 878, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1518, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6701

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朁 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 簪 | *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm |
| 撍 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum |
| 鐕 | *ʔsluːm |
| 憯 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ |
| 噆 | *sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb |
| 朁 | *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam |
| 蠶 | *zluːm |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
| 糣 | *sluːmʔ |
| 熸 | *ʔslom |
| 鬵 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 灊 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 潛 | *zlom, *zloms |
| 僭 | *ʔslɯːms |
| 兓 | *sl'ɯm |
| 嶜 | *zlum |
| 兂 | *ʔsrɯm |
| 譖 | *ʔsrums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam): phonetic 兓 (OC *sl'ɯm) + semantic 口. The semantic component was originally 口 in oracle bone script, which later corrupted into 甘 in bronze script, then 曰 in seal script, and finally 日 in standard script.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎn (can$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhám / chiâm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^3$
*** Yale: tsǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^2$
*** Yale: cháam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám / chiâm
*** Tâi-lô: tshám / tsiâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zharm, ciaam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/, /t͡siam²³/
* Middle Chinese: tshomX
Rime :
| Character | 朁 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七感切 |
| Baxter | tshomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰəm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 6701 |
| Phonetic component | 兓 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慘 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰlɯːmʔ/ |

#### Definitions

朁
* if; supposing; nevertheless

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qián (qian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cim$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cim$^4$
*** Yale: chìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːm²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzjem
Rime :
| Character | 朁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昨鹽切 |
| Baxter | dzjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ziam/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlam/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朁 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 6706 |
| Phonetic component | 兓 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 潛 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlam/ |

#### Definitions

朁
* name of a county in Hangzhou, Zhijiang

### References

* “朁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* zi.tools