OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# कीटभक्षी
## Hindi
### Etymology

Sanskritic formation from कीट (kīṭ, “insect”) +‎ भक्षी (bhakṣī, “eater”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kiːʈ.bʱək.ʂiː/, [kiːʈ.bʱɐk.ʃiː]

### Noun

कीटभक्षी • (kīṭbhakṣī) m
* (biology) insectivore

### Adjective

कीटभक्षी • (kīṭbhakṣī)
* (biology) insectivorous
# *nix
## English
### Etymology

Apparently from the wildcard *, indicating any sequence of characters, and Unix and Linux.

### Noun

*nix (plural *nixes or *nices)
* (computing, Internet) Unix and various other similar or compatible operating systems.
    Linux, Mac OS X, AIX, Solaris, and DG/UX are examples of *nixes.

#### Synonyms

* UN*X

### Anagrams

* Xin
# ndama
## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈn͈daβ̃a]

### Verb

·ndama
* Eclipsed form of ·dama.

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

ndama class IX (plural ndama class X)
* calf (young of various domestic ungulates, especially cattle)
# Mansur
## English
### Etymology

Transliteration of Arabic مَنْصُور (manṣūr). Doublet of Mansour.

### Proper noun

Mansur (plural Mansurs)
* A transliteration of the Arabic male given name مَنْصُور (manṣūr)
* A surname from Arabic [in turn originating as a patronymic].

### Anagrams

* Munars, Surman, unarms, urmans

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* Mansoer (1901–1947)

### Etymology

From Arabic مَنْصُور (manṣūr)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈman.sur/, [ˈman.sʊr]
* Hyphenation: Man‧sur

### Proper noun

Mansur
* a male given name from Arabic
# Zəhra
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic الزَهْرَاء (az-zahrāʔ).

### Proper noun

Zəhra
* a female given name from Arabic
# 答謝
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dáxiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˊ ㄒㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daap$^3$ ze$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dah$^6$ sia$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tap-siā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dab$^4$ sia$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dáxiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˊ ㄒㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dásiè
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^2$-hsieh$^4$
*** Yale: dá-syè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: darshieh
*** Palladius: дасе (dase)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daap$^3$ ze$^6$
*** Yale: daap jeh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daap$^8$ dze$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dab$^3$ zé$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːp̚³ t͡sɛː²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dah$^6$ sia$^5$ [Phonetic: dah$^4$ sia$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /taʔ¹⁻⁴² ɬia²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dah$^6$ sia$^5$ [Phonetic: dah$^7$ sia$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /taʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬia²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tap-siā
*** Tâi-lô: tap-siā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dapsia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tap̚³²⁻⁴ sia²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tap̚⁵⁻²⁴ sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tap̚³²⁻⁵ sia²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tap̚³²⁻⁴ sia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tap̚³²⁻⁴ sia³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dab$^4$ sia$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tap siā
*** Sinological IPA : /tap̚²⁻⁴ sia¹¹/

### Verb

答謝
* to express appreciation (for somebody's kindness or hospitality); to acknowledge

#### Synonyms

* 酬謝／酬谢 (chóuxiè)
# mələk
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَك (malak, “angel”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mələk (definite accusative mələyi, plural mələklər)
* angel

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “mələk” in Obastan.com.
# Mədinə
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Classical Persian مَدِینَه (madīna), from Arabic اَلْمَدِينَةُ f (al-madīnatu).

### Proper noun

Mədinə
* Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia)
* a female given name from Arabic
# Adder
## German Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German nader, from Old Saxon nadra.
Cognate with German Otter, Dutch adder, English adder, Icelandic naðra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑdɐ/

### Noun

Adder f (plural Adders) (Westphalian)
* snake, adder
* bad girl

#### Descendants

* → Saterland Frisian: Adder

### References

* Woeste, Fr. (1882) “adder”, in Wörterbuch der westfälischen Mundart (Wörterbücher. Herausgegeben vom Verein für niederdeutsche Sprachforschung; I) (in German), Norden, Leipzig: Diedr. Soltau's Verlag, →ISBN, page 2: “natter, böses mädchen”

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German nātere, from Old High German nātara, from Proto-West Germanic *nadrā.
Cognate with German Otter, Dutch adder, English adder, Icelandic naðra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɑdɐ]

### Noun

Adder f (plural Adderen)
* grass snake

## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Low German Adder, from Middle Low German nader, from Old Saxon nadra, from Proto-West Germanic *nadrā. Doublet of Neder.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈadər/
* Hyphenation: Ad‧der

### Noun

Adder f (plural Adderje)
* common European viper (Vipera berus)

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “Adder”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
# logistics network
## English
### Noun

logistics network (plural logistics networks)
* Synonym of supply chain
# Adəm
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic آدَم (ʔādam).

### Proper noun

Adəm
* a male given name from Arabic
# 位格
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèigé
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèigé
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèigé
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-ko$^2$
*** Yale: wèi-gé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weyger
*** Palladius: вэйгэ (vɛjgɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

### Noun

位格
* (theology) hypostasis
* (grammar) vocative case

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 位 | 格 |
| い Grade: 4 | かく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いかく [íꜜkàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ika̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

位(い)格(かく) • (ikaku)
* (theology) hypostasis
* (linguistics) locative case
    Synonyms: 処格, 所格, 地格, 依格, 於格

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 位 | 格 |

### Noun

位格 • (wigyeok) (hangeul 위격)
* hanja form of 위격 (“hypostasis”)
# Latinization
## English
### Alternative forms

* Latinisation (non-Oxford British spelling)
* latinization (now nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Latinize +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌlæt.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

### Noun

Latinization (countable and uncountable, plural Latinizations)
* The act or process of Latinizing, of making Latin; including translating into Latin.

#### See also

* Romanization

### References

* ↑ “Latinization, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Further reading

* Latinization on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# benzathine benzylpenicillin
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˌbɛn.zəˌθin ˌbɛn.zəlˌpɛn.ɪˈsɪl.ɪn/

### Noun

benzathine benzylpenicillin (uncountable)
* (pharmacology) An aqueous suspension of a relatively insoluble salt of benzylpenicillin that is absorbed slowly following intramuscular injection to provide a low but persistent level of benzylpenicillin in the blood plasma.
    Synonyms: benzathine penicillin, benzathine penicillin G, penicillin G benzathine

### References

* “penicillin G benzathine”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
# penicillin G benzathine
## English
### Noun

penicillin G benzathine (uncountable)
* Synonym of benzathine benzylpenicillin
# Səccad
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic سَجَّاد (sajjād).

### Proper noun

Səccad
* a male given name from Arabic
# latinization
## English
### Etymology

From latinize +‎ -ation.

### Noun

latinization (countable and uncountable, plural latinizations)
* (now nonstandard) Alternative letter-case form of Latinization
** 1837, [Theodore Hook], chapter V, in Jack Brag. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 220:[W]e are indebted for the term “merry-Andrew” to a native of the, at present, dullest little cluster of houses in England—this very identical Pevensey itself. It was there, that Andrew Borde, or, according to his own absurd latinization of his name, Andreas Perforatus, first saw the light.
# ǃâqisi
## Nǀuu
### Alternative forms

* ǃaqese

### Adverb

ǃâqisi
* well
    Kua ǃâqisi sîisen.She works well.
    ǃâqsi dyaqna go well

### References

* Shah, S. & Brenzinger, M. (2016). Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town.
* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary.
# micro-virality
## English
### Alternative forms

* microvirality

### Etymology

micro- +‎ virality.

### Pronunciation

* (This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.)

### Noun

micro-virality (uncountable)
* (marketing) The practice of marketing a product to a niche audience and trending thereby.

#### Derived terms

* micro-viral
# nghĩa đen
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

nghĩa (“meaning”) +‎ đen (“black”)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ŋiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ŋiə˧˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ŋiə˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

### Noun

nghĩa đen
* (semantics) a literal meaning
    Synonym: nghĩa gốc
    Antonym: nghĩa bóng
** 2022 April 28, Đỗ Thành, “Những kẻ ‘đu càng’... [‘Skid-Swingers’...]”, in Báo Bình Phước [Bình Phước News]‎:Việt Tân trong quá khứ đã ‘đu càng’ theo đúng nghĩa đen để trốn chạy khỏi mảnh đất cha sinh mẹ đẻ thì nay, cứ mỗi dịp kỷ niệm các ngày lễ lớn của Đảng, Nhà nước lại ‘đu càng’ theo nghĩa bóng để chống phá cách mạng Việt Nam.Whereas in the past Việt Tân swung on [helicopters' langding] skids in the most literal sense to flee from their birthplace, nowadays – on every occasion to commemorate any major festival of [our] Party and [our] State – they again skid-swing in the figurative sense to sabotage Vietnam's revolution.

### See also

* tối nghĩa
# castelonas
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlõ.nɐs/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlõ.nɐs/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kaʃ.teˈlõ.nɐʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlo.nas/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃ.tɨˈlo.nɐʃ/

### Noun

castelonas f pl
* (rare) feminine plural of castelão
# casteloas
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlo.ɐs/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlo.ɐs/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kaʃ.teˈlo.ɐʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kas.teˈlo.as/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃ.tɨˈlo.ɐʃ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃ.tɨˈlo.ɐʃ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃ.tɨˈlo(w).ɐʃ/

### Noun

casteloas f pl
* (rare) feminine plural of castelão
# blowfish
## English
### Etymology

From blow +‎ fish.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈbloʊˌfɪʃ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbləʊˌfɪʃ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

blowfish (plural blowfish or blowfishes)
* Any species of fish of the family Tetraodontidae that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened.
** 1945, Harold Wallace Ross, William Shawn, Tina Brown, The New Yorker - Volume 21, Issues 21-37, page 20:Where the waves wish-wash, and the foghorn blows, And the blowfish nibble at your toes - oes - oes, The blowfish nibble at your toes.
* A delicacy popular in Japan, consisting of the fish served raw as sushi or perhaps fried. It may, if improperly prepared, contain considerably deadly levels of neurotoxins.
** 1981 November 29, Steve Lohr, “ONE MAN'S FUGU IS ANOTHER'S POISON”, in The New York Times‎:Fugu, the blowfish or globefish, offers taste, health and adventure in every bite.

#### Synonyms

* (fish): balloonfish, globefish, puffer, pufferfish, swellfish
* (food): fugu

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* fish bowl, fishbowl
# bratwürste
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /bɾaˈtwuʁs.t͡ʃi/ [bɾaˈtwuhs.t͡ʃi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /bɾaˈtwuʁs.t͡ʃi/ [bɾaˈtwuhs.t͡ʃi]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /bɾaˈtwuɾs.t͡ʃi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /bɾaˈtwuʁʃ.t͡ʃi/ [bɾaˈtwuχʃ.t͡ʃi]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /bɾaˈtwuɻs.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /bɾɐˈtwuɾʃ.tɨ/

### Noun

bratwürste m pl
* plural of bratwurst (Bratwürste; bratwursts)
# leen
## Danish
### Noun

leen c
* definite singular of le

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /leːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: leen
* Rhymes: -eːn

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch leen, from Old Dutch *lēn, from Proto-Germanic *laihną.

#### Noun

leen n (plural lenen, diminutive leentje n)
* fief, feudal estate
    Synonym: feudum
* (obsolete) loan
    Synonym: lening

##### Derived terms

* lenen

##### Derived terms

* achterleen
* bruikleen
* leengoed
* leenheer
* leenman
* leenroerig
* leenstelsel
* leenverhef
* leenwezen
* zonneleen

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

leen
* inflection of lenen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* lene

## Finnish
### Noun

leen
* genitive singular of lee

## Galician
### Verb

leen
* inflection of lear:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleːn/

### Adverb

leen
* alone

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Scots
### Etymology

From Old Norse lœna.

### Noun

leen
* A piece of grassy land in a moor or by a river, a meadow, freq. of a pasture of natural grass.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleen/ [ˈle.ẽn]
* Rhymes: -een
* Syllabification: le‧en

### Verb

leen
* third-person plural present indicative of leer

## Wolof
### Pronoun

leen
* you (second-person plural object pronoun)
* them (third-person plural object pronoun)

#### See also

| | singular subject | plural subject | singular object | plural object |
| 1st person | man | nun | ma | nu |
| 2nd person | yow | yeen | la | leen |
| 3rd person | moom | ñoom | ko | leen |

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English lyne, from Old English līne, from Proto-West Germanic *līnā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liːn/
* Homophone: llean

### Noun

leen
* line

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 52
# skill issues
## English
### Noun

skill issues
* plural of skill issue
** 2021 November 21, patchestheshark (OP), onefinerug (commentator), “Where does the "Skill Issue" meme come from”, in reddit‎, archived from the original on 2025-01-06:it's not even an insult. these days, most people don't even know what an actual skill issue is and just use it because it's an easy way to farm likes. / examples of skill issues: not grasping the controls, poor judgment, bad timing, no sense of direction, doing the same thing over and over and dying every time, etc. / examples of things that are NOT skill issues: connection problems, distractions, pet jumping on your lap/desk, matchmaking with randoms and getting bad teammates, other team is just that good, other team is a competitive group, teammates disconnecting, etc.
# agrats
## Occitan
### Adjective

agrats m pl
* plural of agrat
# personarum non gratarum
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /per.soːˈnaː.rum noːn ɡraːˈtaː.rum/, [pɛrs̠oːˈnäːrʊ̃ˑ noːn ɡräːˈt̪äːrʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /per.soˈna.rum non ɡraˈta.rum/, [persoˈnäːrum nɔn ɡräˈt̪äːrum]

### Noun

persōnārum nōn grātārum f pl
* genitive plural of persōna nōn grāta
# sassaiola
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* sassaiuola (literary)

### Etymology

From sasso (“stone”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sas.saˈjɔ.la/
* Rhymes: -ɔla
* Hyphenation: sas‧sa‧iò‧la

### Noun

sassaiola f (plural sassaiole)
* stone-throwing fight

### References

* 1 2 3 sassaiola in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# 規氣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kui-khì
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-khì
*** Tâi-lô: kui-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kui'qix
*** IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³ kʰi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

### Adjective

規氣
* (Hokkien) straightforward; clear-cut

### Adverb

規氣
* (Hokkien) might as well; simply; just

#### Synonyms

* 乾脆／干脆 (gāncuì)
* (Hokkien) 起性, 起性地

### References

* “Entry #7868”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
# cock-up
## English
### Etymology

A deverbal from cock up.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

cock-up (plural cock-ups)
* (Commonwealth, mildly vulgar slang) A mistake.
    Synonyms: screw-up, (vulgar) fuck-up; see also Thesaurus:error
** 2003, Richard Curtis, Love Actually, spoken by Prime Minister (Hugh Grant):And I'm sorry for all the cock-ups, my cabinet are absolute crap. We'll have to do better next year.
** 2023 November 15, Christian Wolmar, “Ministers should carry the can for ticket office fiasco”, in RAIL, number 996, page 46:In over a quarter of a century of writing this column, there has been no end of scandals, mishaps, errors and general cock-ups resulting from ministerial incompetence.
* (obsolete, UK, Ireland, printers' slang) A superior letter; a lower-case letter placed above the baseline and made smaller than ordinary script; traditionally used in abbreviations.
** 1824, John Johnson, Typographia, volume 2, page 33:The first word of every section or chapter is generally put in small capitals, after a small neat cock-up letter.
* (obsolete, Scotland) A roll or twist of hair worn at the nape of the neck; a bun.
** 1888, Charles Mackay, A Dictionary of Lowland Scotch‎, page 30:Cockernonie, a gathering up of the hair of women, after a fashion similar to that of the modern "chignon," and sometimes called a "cock-up." Mr. Kirkton, of Edinburgh, preaching against "cock-ups"—of which chignons were the representatives a quarter of a century ago—said: "I have been all this year preaching against the vanity of women, yet I see my own daughter in the kirk even now with as high a 'cock-up' as any one of you all."

#### Synonyms

* (mistake): balls-up (mildly taboo slang), foul-up, fuck-up (taboo slang), screw-up (slang)
* (hairstyle): bun, chignon

### See also

* cock up
* cocked-up

### References

* (superior letter): John S[tephen] Farmer; W[illiam] E[rnest] Henley, compilers (1891) “cock-up”, in Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present. […], volume II, [London: […] Harrison and Sons] […], →OCLC, page 145.
# poisson-perroquet
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pwa.sɔ̃.pɛ.ʁɔ.kɛ/ ~ /pwa.sɔ̃.pe.ʁɔ.kɛ/

### Proper noun

poisson-perroquet m
* parrotfish, of family Scaridae
# 起痟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-siáu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-siáu
*** Tâi-lô: khí-siáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qysiao
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /kʰi⁴²⁻²⁴ siau⁴²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁵⁵⁴/

### Verb

起痟
* (Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to go crazy; to go mad; to lose one's mind
* (Hokkien, of female animals) to be in heat

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 發瘋, 發狂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 發瘋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 發瘋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 發神經 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 發瘋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 發癲, 發神經 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 發瘋, 發痴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 發癲, 發神經 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 發癲, 發神經 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 發神經 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 發神經 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 發癲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 起痟 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 發神經 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 發瘋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 發癲, 病狂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 發癲, 發癲狂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 起痟, 痟, 掠狂, 起魔, 起魔神, 起狂, 起神, 起歁, 著狂, 著熱狂, 攑狂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 起痟, 痟, 起神, 起魔, 起狂, 著狂 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 起痟, 痟, 起魔, 起魔神, 起狂, 起神, 起戇, 著狂, 著熱狂 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 起神經 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 起神經 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 起痟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 起痟, 起狂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 起癲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 發癲 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 發瘋, 發痴, 發神經, 發神經病 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 發痴 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 發痴 |
| Wu | Danyang | 發痴 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 發痴, 發神經 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 發痴 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 癲起 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 發癲, 發神經 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 發癲 |

#### Related terms

* (Hokkien) 起𪁎／起𲍸, 𪁎／𲍸

#### Descendants

* → English: kee siao
# 起頭搤兄
## Chinese

| | | to take the lead; to show initiative; to be the firstto take the lead; to show initiative; to be the first; to set an example | hold (strategic position) | elder brother |
| trad. (起頭搤兄) | trad. (起頭搤兄) | 起頭 | 搤 | 兄 |
| simp. (起头搤兄) | simp. (起头搤兄) | 起头 | 搤 | 兄 |
(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "起头搤兄".)

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-thâu-iah-hiaⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-thâu-iah-hiaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khí-thâu-iah-hiann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qy'tau'iahhviaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴⁻²² ia(ʔ)⁵ hiã³³/

### Verb

起頭搤兄
* (Quanzhou Hokkien, derogatory) to be the first to advocate; to initiate; to start

#### Synonyms

* 首倡 (shǒuchàng)
# preëxisting
## English
### Alternative forms

* pre-existing, preexisting

### Verb

preëxisting
* present participle and gerund of preëxist

### Adjective

preëxisting (not comparable)
* (dated) Rare form of preexisting.