OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# fike
## English
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aɪk

### Etymology 1

From Middle English fiken (“to feign, dissemble, flatter”), from Old English fician (“to wheedle, flatter”) (also found in compound befician (“to deceive”)), from Proto-West Germanic *fikōn, from Proto-Germanic *fikōną (“to deceive”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“ill-meaning, evil-minded, treacherous, hostile, bad”). Related to Old English ġefic (“fraud, deceit, deception”), Old English fācen (“deceit, fraud, treachery, sin, evil, crime, blemish, fault”), Middle High German veichen (“dissembling, deceit, fraud”), Latin piget (“it irks, it annoys”).

#### Verb

fike (third-person singular simple present fikes, present participle fiking, simple past and past participle fiked)
* (transitive, intransitive) To feign; dissemble; flatter.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English fiken, fyken (“to fidget, move about restlessly, hasten away”), from Old Norse fíkjast (“to be eager or restless”), from fíka (“to climb, move”). Cognate with Scots fyke (“to move about restlessly, fidget, itch”), Norwegian fika (“to strive, take trouble”), Icelandic fikinn (“eager, greedy”). Related to fig and fidget.

#### Alternative forms

* fick
* fyke (Scotland)

#### Verb

fike (third-person singular simple present fikes, present participle fiking, simple past and past participle fiked)
* (intransitive) To move about in a quick, uneasy way; be constantly in motion.
* (transitive) To give trouble to; vex; perplex.

#### Noun

fike (plural fikes)
* Restlessness or agitation caused by trifling annoyance.
* (UK dialectal) Any trifling peculiarity in regard to work which causes unnecessary trouble; teasing exactness of operation.

##### Derived terms

* fikery
* fiky

##### Related terms

* fickle

### Etymology 3

From Middle English fike, from Old English fīc (“fig, fig-tree, fig-disease, venereal ulcer, hemorrhoids”), from Proto-Germanic *fīkaz, *fīgō (“fig”), from Latin fīcus, fīca (“fig, fig-tree”). Cognate with Dutch vijg (“fig”), German Feige (“fig”), Swedish fikon (“fig”), Icelandic fikja (“ficus”). More at fig.

#### Noun

fike (plural fikes)
* (obsolete) A fig.
* (UK dialectal) A sore place on the foot.

### Anagrams

* kief, Efik, Kief, kefi, kife

## Ese
### Noun

fike
* chewing gum

## Middle English
### Noun

fike
* Alternative form of fyke

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse fíka, fíkja, from Latin ficus. Akin to English fig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²fiːkə/

### Noun

fike f (definite singular fika, indefinite plural fiker, definite plural fikene)
* a fig

#### Synonyms

* fiken

### References

* “fike” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# mūka
## Latvian
### Noun

mūka m
* genitive singular of mūks
# home page
## English
### Alternative forms

* Home page, homepage

### Etymology

From home +‎ page. First attested in 1992.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈhoʊmpeɪdʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

home page (plural home pages)
* (Internet) The main or first page of a website or set of hyperlinked documents.
** 1992, Ed Krol, The Whole Internet: User's Guide & Catalog, page 240:Creating Your Own Home Page The home page provided by CERN is a good entry point into the Web; it points you to a lot of resources fairly quickly.
* The default page set to open in a web browser or hypertext system when it starts up, or when its home function is invoked.
    A computer virus kept changing my home page to a site full of adware.
** 2001, Michael Miller, Using the Internet and Web, special edition, Que Publishing, →ISBN, page 103:When you first launch Netscape, it will load your predefined home page. To change Netscape's home page, select Edit, Preferences.
* Someone's public personal home page/site on the World Wide Web.
    My home page is www.example.com/~user.

#### Synonyms

* start page
* main page
* front page

#### Translations
### See also

* landing page

### Further reading

* home page on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Portuguese
### Noun

home page f (plural home pages)
* home page (the main page of a web site)
* home page (the web page set to open when a web browser is loaded)
# chytry olij
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “sly oil”.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈxɘ.trɘ ˈɔ.lij/

### Noun

chytry olij m inan
* (Kielce, inorganic chemistry) Synonym of kwas siarkowy

### Further reading

* Jan Łoś (1886) “xytry olij”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 184
# forulorum
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /fo.ruˈloː.rum/, [fɔrʊˈɫ̪oːrʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /fo.ruˈlo.rum/, [foruˈlɔːrum]

### Noun

forulōrum
* genitive plural of forulī
# forulis
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfo.ru.liːs/, [ˈfɔrʊlʲiːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfo.ru.lis/, [ˈfɔːrulis]

### Noun

forulīs
* dative/ablative plural of forulī
# canned laughter
## English
### Noun

canned laughter (uncountable)
* Prerecorded laughter that is edited into the soundtrack of a TV program.

#### Synonyms

* laugh track
# Kosik
## English
### Etymology

From Polish Kosik, Slovak Košík, Czech Košík, or Czech Kosík.

### Proper noun

Kosik (plural Kosiks)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Kosik is the 29279th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 808 individuals. Kosik is most common among White (94.8%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Kosik”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 341.

### Anagrams

* kiosk, kokis
# Steinhauserin
## German
### Etymology

From Steinhauser +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃtaɪ̯nhaʊ̯zəʁɪn]
* Hyphenation: Stein‧hau‧se‧rin

### Noun

Steinhauserin f (genitive Steinhauserin, plural Steinhauserinnen, masculine Steinhauser)
* (demonym) a female native or inhabitant of Steinhaus
# Waldhauserinnen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvalthaʊ̯zəʁɪnən]
* Hyphenation: Wald‧hau‧se‧rin‧nen

### Noun

Waldhauserinnen f pl
* plural of Waldhauserin
# forthera
## Old Dutch
### Etymology

A derivation of forther (“further”).

### Noun

forthera f
* right hand
    Synonym: tesewa

#### References

* “forthera”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
# non-code
## English
### Adjective

non-code (not comparable)
* Synonym of no-code

### Noun

non-code (uncountable)
* Synonym of no-code
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# -jííł
## Navajo
### Stem

-jííł
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -JIL (stick out) -JIL (stick out)
# double code
## English
### Alternative forms

* double-code

### Verb

double code (third-person singular simple present double codes, present participle double coding, simple past and past participle double coded)
* (intransitive, literature, linguistics, uncommon) To create an ambiguity in the interpretation of language depending on the frame of reference employed.

### Noun

double code
* (computing, programming) This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# double-code
## English
### Noun

double-code (plural double-codes)
* Alternative form of double code

### Verb

double-code (third-person singular simple present double-codes, present participle double-coding, simple past and past participle double-coded)
* Alternative form of double code
# consilior
## Latin
### Etymology

From cōnsilium +‎ -or.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /konˈsi.li.or/, [kõːˈs̠ɪlʲiɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /konˈsi.li.or/, [konˈsiːlior]

### Verb

cōnsilior (present infinitive cōnsiliārī, perfect active cōnsiliātus sum); first conjugation, deponent
* (intransitive) to consult, take counsel
* (with dative) to advise, counsel

#### Descendants

* Franco-Provençal: conselyér
* French: conseiller
** → English: counsel
* Italian: consigliare
* Occitan: conselhar
* Old Galician-Portuguese: conselhar
** ⇒ Portuguese: aconselhar
* Old Spanish: consejar
** ⇒ Spanish: aconsejar
* Venetan: consejar

### References

* “consilior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “consilior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* consilior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# saith deg
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Numeral

saith deg (plural saithdegau)
* (cardinal number, decimal) seventy
    Synonym: deg a thrigain
* (in the plural) (the/one's) eighties
# centrocin
## English
### Noun

centrocin (plural centrocins)
* Any of a group of dimeric antimicrobial peptides present in a sea urchin of the genus Strongylocentrotus

### Anagrams

* centricon, in concert
# kitakalbis
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From kitas +‎ kalba.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲɪ.tɐˈkɐlʲ.bʲɪs]
* Hyphenation: ki‧ta‧kal‧bis

### Adjective

kitakal̃bis m (feminine kitakal̃bė) stress pattern 2
* non-native (who speaks another language)

#### Declension
### Noun

kitakal̃bis m (plural kitakal̃biai, feminine kitakal̃bė) stress pattern 2
* non-native speaker, foreign language speaker

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kitakalbis”, in Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of common Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, n.d.
# سڑا
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sə.ɽɑː/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

سڑا • (saṛā) (Hindi spelling सड़ा)
* rotten, putrid
# sift
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English syften, from Old English siftan, from Proto-West Germanic *siftijan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪft/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪft

### Verb

sift (third-person singular simple present sifts, present participle sifting, simple past and past participle sifted)
* (transitive) To sieve or strain (something).
* (transitive) To separate or scatter (things) as if by sieving.
* (transitive) To examine (something) carefully.
** (archaic or dated, transitive) To scrutinize (someone or something) carefully so as to find the truth.
*** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 23, column 1:As neere as I could ſift him on that argument, On ſome apparant danger ſeene in him, Aym‘d at your Highneſſe, no inueterate malice.
*** 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral, London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 28:But if we still carry on our sifting humour, and ask, What is the foundation of all conclusions from experience ? this implies a new question.
*** 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, Strawberry Hill Press:It immediately occurred to him to sift her on the subject of Isabella and Theodore.
** (transitive) [with through] To carefully go through a set of objects, or a collection of information, in order to find something.
*** 1996, Timothy B. Savage, Power Through Weakness: Paul's Understanding of the Christian Ministry in 2 Corinthians, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 70:Sifting through the work of great orators like Philostratus and Quintilian they identify numerous examples of classical irony, metaphor, comparison, etc. which are missing in Paul.
* (computing, dated, transitive) To move data records up in memory to make space to insert further records.

#### Derived terms

* sifter
* sift out
* sift through

#### Translations
### Noun

sift (plural sifts)
* An act of sifting.

#### Usage notes

* The utensil used for sifting is a sieve, and not a sift.

### Anagrams

* FIST, FITs, FiTs, ITFs, TIFs, fist, fits
# উজ্জ্বল
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit उज्ज्वल (ujjvala), derived from Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn brightly, blaze, shine”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to glow”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ud͡ʒd͡ʒɔl/, [ˈuz̪̪d͡ʒɔl], [ˈud͡ʒd͡ʒɔl]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /udʑːɔl/, [ˈudʑːɔl]

### Adjective

উজ্জ্বল • (ujjjol) (comparative আরও উজ্জ্বল, superlative সবচেয়ে উজ্জ্বল)
* bright
    উজ্জ্বল নীল ড্রাগন ― ujjjol nil ḍragon ― Azure Dragon (literally, “Bright Blue Dragon”)
* illuminated, radiant, resplendent, splendid
* dazzling, beautiful, glorious, vivid
* famous, celebrated
* promising
    উজ্জ্বল করা ― ujjjol kora ― to illuminate, brighten, glorify, make vivid
    উজ্জ্বল হওয়া ― ujjjol hōẇa ― to be brightened, to be illuminated

#### Derived terms

* উজ্জ্বল রস (ujjjol ros)
* উজ্জ্বল শ্যামবর্ণ (ujjjol śêmborno)
* উজ্জ্বলতা (ujjjolota)
* উজ্জ্বলিত (ujjjolito)
* উজ্জ্বলীকরণ (ujjjolikron)
* উজ্জ্বলীভবন (ujjjolibhobon)

#### Related terms

* জ্বর (jor, “fever”)
* জ্বলন (jolon, “combustion, burning”)
* জ্বলা (jola, “to burn, to shine”)
* জ্বাল (jal, “firewood, burning”)
* জ্বালা (jala, “irritation; to light up, to ignite”)
* জ্বালানি (jalani, “fuel”)

### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “উজ্জ্বল”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
* Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-English, উজ্জ্বল, Government of Bangladesh
# Ericales
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Erica (“genus name”) +‎ -ales.

### Proper noun

Ericales
* A taxonomic order within the clade asterids – very many plants.

#### Hypernyms

* (order): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, asterids – clades

#### Hyponyms

(order): Actinidiaceae, Balsaminaceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, Diapensiaceae, Ebenaceae, Ericaceae, Fouquieriaceae, Lecythidaceae, Maesaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Mitrastemonaceae, Myrsinaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Polemoniaceae, Primulaceae, Roridulaceae, Sapotaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Sladeniaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae, Theophrastaceae – families

### References

* Ericales on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ericales on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Ericales on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Ericales at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Ericales at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Ericales at APWeb
* Ericales at Paleobiology Database
* Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# coquille
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French coquille. See also cockle.

### Noun

coquille (plural coquilles)
* A meal, especially a seafood dish, served in an actual scallop shell or a dish (container) shaped like a shell.
* A scallop shell or a dish shaped like one, especially when used to serve the aforementioned food.
* A form of ruching used as a dress trimming or for neckwear, named from the manner in which it is gathered or fulled.

## French
### Etymology

From a combination of Vulgar Latin *conchilia (from Latin conchylium) with coccum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.kij/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

coquille f (plural coquilles)
* shell
* (shell-shaped) dish; scallop
* typo, misprint
    Synonyms: bourdon, faute de frappe, mastic
* (sports) jockstrap, athletic protector; groin guard, box, cup (protection for the male genitals)
* (medicine) vacuum mattress (for spinal immobilization)
* (medicine) egg crate mattress (for prevention of bedsores)

#### Related terms

* coquillage
* coquillard
* coquille Saint-Jacques
* coquille vide
* coquillère
* coquillier
* rencoquiller
* sortir de sa coquille

#### Descendants

* → English: coquille
* → Romanian: cochilie

### Further reading

* “coquille”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin conchylium, from Ancient Greek κογχύλιον (konkhúlion).

### Noun

coquille oblique singular, f (oblique plural coquilles, nominative singular coquille, nominative plural coquilles)
* shell (hard protective outer layer of some animals)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: cokel, cokkel, kokkel, cocle
** → English: cockle
* French: coquille
** → English: coquille
** → Romanian: cochilie
# B minor
## English
### Noun

B minor (uncountable)
* (music) a minor key with the notes B, C♯, D, E, F♯, G, A
    Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.
* (music) the minor chord with a root of B
    Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.

#### Synonyms

* Bm
* B-

#### Coordinate terms

* C minor
* C-sharp minor
* D minor
* D-sharp minor
* E minor
* E-flat minor
* F minor
* F-sharp minor
* G minor
* G-sharp minor
* A minor
* A-sharp minor
* A-flat minor
* B minor
* B-flat minor
# Petrović
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pětroʋit͡ɕ/

### Proper noun

Pètrović m
* a surname

#### Statistics

* According to the 2021 Croatian census, Petrović is the 12th most common surname in Croatia, belonging to 8400 individuals.
# γλαφυραί
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡla.pʰy.rǎi̯/ → /ɣla.ɸyˈrɛ/ → /ɣla.fiˈre/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡla.pʰy.rǎi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ɡla.pʰyˈrɛ/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ɣla.ɸyˈrɛ/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ɣla.fyˈre/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ɣla.fiˈre/

### Adjective

γλᾰφῠραί • (glăphŭraí)
* feminine nominative/vocative plural of γλαφυρός (glaphurós)
# δαμέντα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.mén.ta/ → /ðaˈmen.ta/ → /ðaˈmen.da/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /da.mén.ta/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /daˈmen.ta/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ðaˈmen.ta/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ðaˈmen.ta/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ðaˈmen.da/

### Participle

δᾰμέντᾰ • (dăméntă)
* inflection of δαμείς (dameís):
** masculine accusative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural
# rút ruột
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

rút +‎ ruột.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zut̚˧˦ zuət̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐʊk̚˦˧˥ ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥ ɹuək̚˨˩˨]

### Verb

rút ruột
* (literal) to extort; to gut, as removing the core parts of something
* (colloquial, disapproving) to steal public funds for one's own interest
    Việc rút ruột công trình xây dựng của anh không ai có thể gánh tội thay đâu.Not anyone but you could bear the blame for your embezzlement of the company's constructional budget.
# 라장조
## Korean
### Etymology

라 (ra) +‎ 장조(長調) (jangjo, “major”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾa̠d͡ʑa̠ŋt͡ɕ͈o̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [라장쪼]

### Noun

라장조 • (rajangjo)
* (music) D major

#### Coordinate terms

* 다장조 (dajangjo)
* 다단조 (dadanjo)
* 라장조 (rajangjo)
* 라단조 (radanjo)
* 마장조 (majangjo)
* 마단조 (madanjo)
* 바장조 (bajangjo)
* 바단조 (badanjo)
* 사장조 (sajangjo)
* 사단조 (sadanjo)
* 가장조 (gajangjo)
* 가단조 (gadanjo)
* 나장조 (najangjo)
* 나단조 (nadanjo)
* 올림다장조 (ollimdajangjo)
* 올림다단조 (ollimdadanjo)
* 내림다장조 (naerimdajangjo)
* 올림라단조 (ollimnadanjo)
* 내림라장조 (naerimnajangjo)
* 내림마장조 (naerimmajangjo)
* 내림마단조 (naerimmadanjo)
* 올림바장조 (ollimbajangjo)
* 올림바단조 (ollimbadanjo)
* 내림바장조 (naerimbajangjo)
* 올림사장조 (ollimsajangjo)
* 올림사단조 (ollimsadanjo)
* 내림사장조 (naerimsajangjo)
* 올림가단조 (ollimgadanjo)
* 내림가장조 (naerimgajangjo)
* 내림가단조 (naerimgadanjo)
* 내림나장조 (naerimnajangjo)
* 내림나단조 (naerimnadanjo)
# αἴσχεα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǎi̯s.kʰe.a/ → /ˈɛs.çe.a/ → /ˈes.çe.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ǎi̯s.kʰe.a/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɛs.kʰe.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɛs.çe.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈes.çe.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈes.çe.a/

### Noun

αἴσχεᾰ • (aískheă)
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αἶσχος (aîskhos)
# landgraviate
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lændˈɡɹeɪ.vi.ət/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

landgraviate (plural landgraviates)
* The office or jurisdiction of a landgrave
* The countship of a landgrave, a rare type of principality in the Holy Roman Empire.
# slant sight
## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈslænt ˌsaɪt/, /ˈslɑːnt ˌsaɪt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

slant sight (uncountable)
* strabismus
# acierate
## English
### Etymology

From French aciérage, from acier (“steel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɪsiəɹeɪt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

acierate (third-person singular simple present acierates, present participle acierating, simple past and past participle acierated)
* (rare, transitive) To convert (iron) into steel, or to coat with a layer of steel by converting only the surface of the iron.
    The success of an attempt to acierate iron will depend on the amount of nitrogen contained by the iron during carburation.
    As an economy measure, the manufacturer decided to use iron rather than steel, but to acierate the surface to limit oxidation.
** 1861 June 22, M. Fremy, “On the Chemical Composition of Cast Iron and Steel”, in The Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science‎, volume 3, page 375:The effect of manganese, whose influence on acieration is known to all manufacturers, is probably due to its rapid oxidation, thus producing a metallic oxide capable of completing the fining of the iron, and this, by eliminating any foreign body, facilitates the acierating process.
** 1906, Edgcumbe Staley, The guilds of Florence‎, page 306:It was noted by Biringuccio in 1540, and described by Agricola in "De Re Metallica" 1561 — that a bar of wrought iron, kept immersed long in molten cast iron, became acierated by taking up the carbon of the cast iron.
** 1992, Vietnam Opportunities: The Official Vietnamese Business Guide, page 334:Activities: Production of stone crushers (capacity from 0.3 to 2.5 metric tonnes a batch), blasting machines (compression capacity of 160 tonnes), and steel-acierating machines.

#### Related terms

* acieration
* acierage