# 魂

| 魂 | U+9B42, &#39746; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B42 |
| ← 魁 [U+9B41] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 魃 → [U+9B43] |

## Translingual
### Han character

魂 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一戈竹戈 (MIHI), four-corner 1671$_3$, composition ⿰云鬼)

#### Derived characters

* 𡂃, 𱴹, 𡄬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45787
* Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4428, character 9
* Unihan data for U+9B42

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 魂
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 魂 | *ɢuːn |
| 沄 | *ɢuːn, *ɢun |
| 忶 | *ɢuːn, *ɢuns |
| 囩 | *ɢun |
| 夽 | *ŋunʔ |
| 雲 | *ɢun |
| 芸 | *ɢun |
| 耘 | *ɢun |
| 妘 | *ɢun |
| 紜 | *ɢun |
| 云 | *ɢun |
| 耺 | *ɢun |
| 蕓 | *ɢun |
| 澐 | *ɢun |
| 橒 | *ɢun |
| 抎 | *ɢunʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢuːn): phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) + semantic 鬼.

### Etymology

Cognate with 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (Carr, 1985).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hún (hun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fiin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fùn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fun$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): o̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hún
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hún
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^2$
*** Yale: hwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
*** Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vun²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fiin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɨn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: o̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
*** Tâi-lô: hûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hûng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵⁵/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: hung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /huŋ²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wen
*** MiniDict: wen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhun
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuən²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸən¹³/
* Middle Chinese: hwon
Rime :
| Character | 魂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸昆切 |
| Baxter | hwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m.]qʷˤə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 魂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m.]qʷˁə[n]/ |
| English | spiritual soul |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16353 |
| Phonetic component | 云 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䰟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢuːn/ |

### Definitions

魂
* (religion, folklore) the hun, the soul which goes to heaven, as opposed to the 魄 (pò), which goes down to the earth with the body at death.
* soul; spirit
* mood
* the lofty spirit of a nation or people

#### Synonyms

* 魄 (pò)
* 靈／灵 (líng)
* 幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
* 鬼 (guǐ)

### Compounds

* 七魄三魂
* 三魂七魄 (sānhúnqīpò)
* 三魂唔見七魄 / 三魂唔见七魄
* 亡魂 (wánghún)
* 亡魂喪膽 / 亡魂丧胆
* 亡魂喪魄 / 亡魂丧魄
* 亡魂失魄
* 倩女離魂 / 倩女离魂
* 借屍還魂 / 借尸还魂 (jièshīhuánhún)
* 催魂
* 冤魂 (yuānhún)
* 冤魂不散
* 冰魂
* 冰魂雪魄
* 剩魄殘魂 / 剩魄残魂
* 勾魂 (gōuhún)
* 勾魂攝魄 / 勾魂摄魄
* 叫魂
* 喪膽亡魂 / 丧胆亡魂
* 喪膽銷魂 / 丧胆销魂
* 喪蕩游魂 / 丧荡游魂
* 喪魂落魄 / 丧魂落魄
* 國魂 / 国魂 (guóhún)
* 夢勞魂想 / 梦劳魂想
* 夢斷魂勞 / 梦断魂劳
* 夢斷魂消 / 梦断魂消
* 夢魂 / 梦魂 (mènghún)
* 夢魂顛倒 / 梦魂颠倒
* 失魂
* 失魂喪魄 / 失魂丧魄
* 失魂落魄 (shīhúnluòpò)
* 失魂魚 / 失魂鱼
* 奪魂 / 夺魂
* 孤魂 (gūhún)
* 孤魂野鬼 (gūhúnyěguǐ)
* 安魂曲 (ānhúnqǔ)
* 宮魂 / 宫魂
* 少魂失魄
* 少魂沒識 / 少魂没识
* 幽魂 (yōuhún)
* 弄精魂
* 引魂旛
* 心魂 (xīnhún)
* 心魂不定
* 忘魂
* 忠魂
* 招魂 (zhāohún)
* 招魂旛
* 拉魂腔
* 掉魂
* 揚幡招魂 / 扬幡招魂
* 攝魂 / 摄魂
* 攝魄鉤魂 / 摄魄钩魂
* 斷魂 / 断魂 (duànhún)
* 有魂沒識 / 有魂没识
* 梧丘之魂
* 步步驚魂 / 步步惊魂
* 沒魂少智 / 没魂少智
* 消魂 (xiāohún)
* 狂魂怨鬼
* 生魂 (shēnghún)
* 目斷魂消 / 目断魂消
* 目斷魂銷 / 目断魂销
* 目眩魂搖 / 目眩魂摇
* 破膽喪魂 / 破胆丧魂
* 神搖魂蕩 / 神摇魂荡
* 神魂 (shénhún)
* 神魂搖蕩 / 神魂摇荡
* 神魂撩亂 / 神魂撩乱
* 神魂蕩漾 / 神魂荡漾
* 神魂蕩颺 / 神魂荡飏
* 神魂顛倒 / 神魂颠倒 (shénhúndiāndǎo)
* 神魂飄蕩 / 神魂飘荡 (shénhúnpiāodàng)
* 神魂飛蕩 / 神魂飞荡
* 神魂飛越 / 神魂飞越
* 神魂馳蕩 / 神魂驰荡
* 膽裂魂飛 / 胆裂魂飞
* 色授魂與 / 色授魂与
* 芳魂
* 芳魂已杳
* 英魂 (yīnghún)
* 軍人魂 / 军人魂
* 返魂
* 返魂乏術 / 返魂乏术 (fǎnhúnfáshù)
* 返魂草
* 迷魂 (míhún)
* 迷魂奪魄 / 迷魂夺魄
* 迷魂寨
* 追魂攝魄 / 追魂摄魄
* 迷魂湯 / 迷魂汤 (míhúntāng)
* 迷魂陣 / 迷魂阵
* 遊魂 / 游魂
* 還魂 / 还魂 (huánhún)
* 還魂記 / 还魂记
* 釜底遊魂 / 釜底游魂
* 銷魂 / 销魂 (xiāohún)
* 銷魂奪魄 / 销魂夺魄
* 長役夢魂 / 长役梦魂
* 陰魂 / 阴魂 (yīnhún)
* 陰魂不散 / 阴魂不散
* 離魂病 / 离魂病
* 離魂記 / 离魂记
* 雨魄雲魂 / 雨魄云魂
* 靈魂 / 灵魂 (línghún)
* 靈魂之窗 / 灵魂之窗
* 靈魂人物 / 灵魂人物 (línghún rénwù)
* 領魂車 / 领魂车
* 顯魂 / 显魂
* 風鶴魂驚 / 风鹤魂惊
* 驚魂 / 惊魂 (jīnghún)
* 鬼魂 (guǐhún)
* 魂不守宅
* 魂不守舍 (húnbùshǒushè)
* 魂不附體 / 魂不附体 (húnbùfùtǐ)
* 魂亡膽落 / 魂亡胆落
* 魂子
* 魂消氣泄
* 魂牽夢縈 / 魂牵梦萦 (húnqiān-mèngyíng)
* 魂衣
* 魂車 / 魂车
* 魂轎 / 魂轿
* 魂銷魄散 / 魂销魄散
* 魂靈 / 魂灵 (húnlíng)
* 魂飄魄散 / 魂飘魄散
* 魂飛天外 / 魂飞天外 (húnfēitiānwài)
* 魂飛魄喪 / 魂飞魄丧
* 魂飛魄散 / 魂飞魄散 (húnfēipòsàn)
* 魂魂
* 魂魄 (húnpò)
* 魄散魂飛 / 魄散魂飞
* 黯然銷魂 / 黯然销魂

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 魂(こん) (kon)
* → Korean: 혼(魂) (hon)
* → Vietnamese: hồn (魂)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* soul, spirit
* vigour, willpower

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kun: たま (tama, 魂)、たましい (tamashī, 魂, Jōyō)
* Nanori: こころ (kokoro)、もと (moto)

#### Compounds

* 魂(こん)胆(たん) (kontan)
* 魂(こん)柱(ちゅう) (konchū)
* 魂(こん)魄(ぱく) (konpaku)
* 英(えい)魂(こん) (eikon)
* 還(かん)魂(こん) (kankon)
* 気(き)魂(こん) (kikon)
* 吟(ぎん)魂(こん) (ginkon)
* 香(こう)魂(こん) (kōkon)
* 士(し)魂(こん) (shikon)
* 詩(し)魂(こん) (shikon)
* 入(じっ)魂(こん) (jikkon)
* 商(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
* 招(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
* 消(しょう)魂(こん), 銷(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
* 蜀(しょっ)魂(こん) (shokkon)
* 入(じゅ)魂(こん) (jukon)
* 入(じゅっ)魂(こん) (jukkon)
* 心(しん)魂(こん), 神(しん)魂(こん) (shinkon)
* 身(しん)魂(こん) (shinkon)
* 精(せい)魂(こん) (seikon)
* 奪(だっ)魂(こん) (dakkon)
* 脱(だっ)魂(こん) (dakkon)
* 忠(ちゅう)魂(こん) (chūkon)
* 鎮(ちん)魂(こん) (chinkon)
* 闘(とう)魂(こん) (tōkon)
* 入(にゅう)魂(こん) (nyūkon)
* 反(はん)魂(ごん) (hangon)
* 亡(ぼう)魂(こん) (bōkon)
* 芳(ほう)魂(こん) (hōkon)
* 夢(む)魂(こん) (mukon)
* 幽(ゆう)魂(こん) (yūkon)
* 遊(ゆう)離(り)魂(こん) (yūrikon)
* 離(り)魂(こん)病(びょう) (rikonbyō)
* 霊(れい)魂(こん) (reikon)
* 神(かみ)魂(むすびの)命(みこと) (Kamimusubi no Mikoto)
* 蜀魂(ホトトギス) (hototogisu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* たましい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 魄
⟨tamasipi$_1$⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/
From Old Japanese.
Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たましい [táꜜmàshìì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ma̠ɕiː]
* (Kyoto) たま​しい [támáꜜshìì] (Kōki)

#### Noun

魂(たましい) • (tamashī)
* (religion, folklore) a soul, spirit
    Synonyms: アニマ (anima), ゼーレ (zēre), ソウル (sōru), 霊魂 (reikon)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3767:, text here
    多麻之比(たましひ)波(は)安之多由布敝尓(あしたゆふへに)多麻布礼杼(たまふれど)安我牟祢伊多之(あがむねいたし)古非能之氣吉尓(こひのしげきに) [Man'yōgana]
    魂(たましひ)は朝(あした)夕(ゆふべ)にたまふれど我(あ)が胸(むね)痛(いた)し恋(こひ)の繁(しげ)きに [Modern spelling]
* mind, spirit, vigour, willpower
    Synonyms: ガイスト (gaisuto), 気力 (kiryoku), 心 (kokoro), 心魂 (kokorodama), 精神 (seishin)
* (figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
* (figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness
    Synonym: 気構え (kigamae)
* discretion, judgement, prudence
    Synonyms: 才略 (sairyaku), 思慮 (shiryo), 分別 (funbetsu)
* character, genius, talent, wisdom
    Synonyms: 素質 (soshitsu), 天分 (tenbun), 才気 (saiki)
* (from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)
    Synonym: 刀 (katana)

##### Derived terms

* 魂(たましい)の (tamashī no, pillow word)
* 男(おとこ)の魂(たましい) (otoko no tamashī)
* 女(おんな)の魂(たましい) (onna no tamashī)
* 国(くに)魂(だましい) (kuni-damashī)
* 心(こころ)魂(だましい) (kokoro-damashī)
* 面(つら)魂(だましい) (tsura-damashī)
* 負(ま)けじ魂(だましい) (makeji-damashī)
* 大和(やまと)魂(だましい) (Yamato-damashī)

##### Idioms

* 魂(たましい)が抜(ぬ)ける (tamashī ga nukeru)
* 魂(たましい)を入(い)れ替(か)える (tamashī o irekaeru)
* 魂(たましい)を消(け)す (tamashī o kesu)
* 魂(たましい)を天外(てんがい)に飛(と)ばす (tamashī o tengai ni tobasu)
* 魂(たましい)を冷(ひ)やす (tamashī o hiyasu)
* 大(だい)小(しょう)は武(ぶ)士(し)の魂(たましい) (daishō wa bushi no tamashī)
* 三(み)つ子(ご)の魂(たましい)百(ひゃく)まで (mitsugo no tamashī hyaku made)

##### Proverbs

* 一(いっ)寸(すん)の虫(むし)にも五(ご)分(ぶ)の魂(たましい) (issun no mushi ni mo gobu no tamashī)
* 仏(ほとけ)作(つく)って魂(たましい)入(い)れず (hotoke tsukutte tamashī irezu)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* たま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 魄 霊
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tama.
Thought to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “jewel”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たま [táꜜmà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ma̠]
* (Kyoto) た​ま [táꜜmà] (Kōki)

#### Noun

魂(たま) • (tama)
* a soul, spirit
** 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)
    空蟬(うつせみ)のからは木(き)ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見(み)ぬぞかなしき
       utsusemi no kara-wa-ki-goto ni todomuredo tama no yukue o minu zo kanashiki
       (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

##### Derived terms

* 魂(たま)合(あ)う (tamāu)
* 魂(たま)送(おく)り (tamaokuri)
* 魂(たま)緒(お)の星(ほし) (Tamao no Hoshi)
* 魂(たま)消(ぎ)る (tamagiru)
* 魂(たま)極(きわ)る (tama kiwaru, pillow word)
* 魂(たま)消(げ)る (tamageru)
* 魂(たま)離(さか)る (tamasakaru)
* 鎮(たま)魂(しずめ) (tamashizume)
* 魂(たま)棚(だな) (tamadana)
* 魂(たま)殿(どの) (tamadono)
* 魂(たま)振(ふ)り (tamafuri)
* 魂(たま)讃(ほめ)星(ぼし) (Tamahomeboshi)
* 魂(たま)祭(まつり) (tama-matsuri), 魂(たま)祭(まつ)り (tama-matsuri)
* 魂(たま)迎(むか)え (tamamukae)
* 魂(たま)結(むす)び (tamamusubi)
* 魂(たま)屋(や) (tamaya)
* 魂(たま)呼(よ)ばい (tamayobai), 魂(たま)呼(よ)び (tamayobi)
* 悪(あく)魂(だま) (akudama)
* 稲(いな)魂(たま) (inatama), 稲(いな)魂(だま) (inadama)
* 肝(きも)魂(だま) (kimodama), 肝(きも)魂(たま) (kimotama), 肝(きも)っ魂(たま) (kimottama)
* 国(くに)魂(たま) (kunitama)
* 心(こころ)魂(だま) (kokorodama)
* 木(こ)魂(だま) (kodama), 木(こ)魂(たま) (kotama)
* 根(こん)性(じょう)魂(だま) (konjō-dama)
* 亡(な)き魂(たま) (nakitama)
* 和(にき)魂(たま) (nikitama)
* 人(ひと)魂(だま) (hitodama)
* 船(ふな)魂(だま) (funadama)
* 御(み)魂(たま) (mitama)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* こん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).
Compare modern Mandarin 魂 (hún)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

魂(こん) • (kon)
* mind, spirit, will
    Synonyms: 心 (kokoro), 精神 (seishin)
* a soul, spirit
    Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)
* hun: yang energy or spirit
    Antonym: 魄 (haku)
    Hypernym: 魂魄 (konpaku)

##### Derived terms

* 和(わ)魂(こん) (wakon)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* こころ Grade: S
* nanori
From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind, spirit”).

#### Proper noun

魂(こころ) • (Kokoro)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “たましい［たましひ］ 【魂・魄】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 “たま 【魂・霊・魄】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “こん 【魂】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅩᆫ (Yale: hhwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 혼 (hwon) (Yale: hwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷo̞n]
* Phonetic hangul: [혼]

### Hanja

Wikisource 魂 (eumhun 넋 혼 (neok hon))
* hanja form of 혼 (“soul; spirit”)

#### Compounds

* 단혼 (斷魂, danhon)
* 망혼 (亡魂, manghon)
* 상혼 (商魂, sanghon)
* 생혼 (生魂, saenghon)
* 영혼 (靈魂, yeonghon)
* 원혼 (冤魂, wonhon)
* 진혼 (鎭魂, jinhon)
* 초혼 (招魂, chohon)
* 투혼 (鬪魂, tuhon)
* 혼기 (魂氣, hon'gi)
* 혼담 (魂膽, hondam)
* 혼령 (魂靈, hollyeong)
* 혼백 (魂魄, honbaek)
* 혼비백산 (魂飛魄散, honbibaeksan)
* 혼신 (魂神, honsin)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たまし (tamashi, 魂)、たましー (tamashī, 魂)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* たまし Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

魂(たまし) (tamashi)
* soul, spirit, mind

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 魂
* たましー Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

魂(たましー) (tamashī)
* (religion) soul of the dead
    Antonym: まぶい

### References

* “タマシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
* “タマシー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

魂: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hun, hùn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たまち (tamachi, 魂)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 魂 (tamashī)

### Noun

魂(たまち) (tamachi)
* (religion) soul; spirit

### References

* “たまち【魂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.