# 矩

| 矩 | U+77E9, &#30697; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E9 |
| ← 矨 [U+77E8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 矪 → [U+77EA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

矩 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+5 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 矢+4 in mainland China, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 人大尸尸 (OKSS), four-corner 8141$_7$ or 8181$_7$, composition ⿰矢巨)

#### Derived characters

* 𬄃, 榘, 𩰤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23947
* Dae Jaweon: page 1236, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2582, character 2
* Unihan data for U+77E9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 矩
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 柜 | *kaʔ |
| 渠 | *ɡa |
| 磲 | *ɡa |
| 蕖 | *ɡa |
| 蟝 | *ɡa |
| 璖 | *ɡa |
| 巨 | *ɡaʔ |
| 距 | *ɡaʔ |
| 拒 | *ɡaʔ |
| 苣 | *ɡaʔ |
| 炬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 詎 | *ɡaʔ, *ɡas |
| 鉅 | *ɡaʔ |
| 秬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 粔 | *ɡaʔ |
| 駏 | *ɡaʔ |
| 歫 | *ɡaʔ |
| 矩 | *kʷaʔ |
| 榘 | *kʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷaʔ): semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). The arrow is a stylization of a man with spread arms and/or holding the carpenter's square, 大.

### Etymology
#### “(physics) moment”

    From the sense “square shape”; coined by Chinese translator Wu Guangjian in 1904, but not widely used then; in the 1930s, 矩 (jǔ) was chosen as the standard translation of moment by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China, and this word became more and more common than the former term 能率 (nénglǜ) (Wang, 2013).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǔ (ju$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̄
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kír / kú / kí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ge$^2$ / gu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^2$
*** Yale: géui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ky³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kír
*** Tâi-lô: kír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú
*** Tâi-lô: kú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuo
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
*** Tâi-lô: kí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ge$^2$ / gu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ / kú
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯ⁵²/, /ku⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: kjuX
Rime :
| Character | 矩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 俱雨切 |
| Baxter | kjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 矩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | carpenter"s square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 矩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7059 |
| Phonetic component | 巨 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 矩 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷaʔ/ |

### Definitions

矩
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) carpenter's square
* square (shape)
* rule; law
* (physics) moment [from 1904]
    力矩 ― lìjǔ ― torque
    磁矩 ― cíjǔ ― magnetic moment
    Synonym: 能率 (nénglǜ) (obsolete)
* (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 矩 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 曲尺, 魯班尺, 角尺, 矩尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 拐尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 曲尺, 角尺, 拐尺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 拐尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 拐尺, 角尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 拐尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 曲尺, 角尺, 木匠尺子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 拐尺, 曲尺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 拐尺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 拐尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 角尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 角尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 角尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 曲尺, 角尺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 角尺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 曲尺 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 曲尺 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 角尺 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 曲尺, 角尺 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 曲尺, 角尺, 魯班尺, 五尺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 曲尺 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 曲尺 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 角尺, 魯班尺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 曲尺 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 拐尺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 曲尺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 曲尺 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 屈尺 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 曲尺 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 曲尺, 角尺 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 曲尺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 曲尺 |
| Wu | Danyang | 角尺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 角尺 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 角尺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 角尺, 魯班尺 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 角尺, 魯班尺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曲尺 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 角尺, 拐尺 |

### Compounds

* 不踰矩 / 不逾矩
* 中規中矩 / 中规中矩
* 前矩
* 力矩 (lìjǔ)
* 大家規矩 / 大家规矩
* 彠矩 / 彟矩
* 循規蹈矩 / 循规蹈矩 (xúnguīdǎojǔ)
* 應規蹈矩 / 应规蹈矩
* 方領矩步 / 方领矩步
* 死規矩兒 / 死规矩儿
* 沒規沒矩 / 没规没矩
* 沒規矩 / 没规矩
* 疊矩重規 / 叠矩重规
* 矩尺 (jǔchǐ)
* 矩彠 / 矩彟
* 矩形 (jǔxíng)
* 矩形體 / 矩形体
* 矩教
* 矩步
* 矩步方行
* 矩矱
* 矩矱繩尺 / 矩矱绳尺
* 矩誨 / 矩诲
* 矩陣 / 矩阵 (jǔzhèn)
* 破矩為圓 / 破矩为圆
* 立規矩 / 立规矩
* 絜矩
* 老規矩 / 老规矩 (lǎoguījǔ)
* 裴矩
* 規圓矩方 / 规圆矩方
* 規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ)
* 規矩準繩 / 规矩准绳
* 規矩繩墨 / 规矩绳墨
* 規矩鉤繩 / 规矩钩绳
* 規行矩止 / 规行矩止
* 規行矩步 / 规行矩步
* 規規矩矩 / 规规矩矩
* 規言矩步 / 规言矩步
* 規重矩疊 / 规重矩叠
* 踰矩 / 逾矩 (yújǔ)
* 蹈矩循規 / 蹈矩循规
* 蹈規循矩 / 蹈规循矩
* 逾矩 (yújǔ)
* 重規疊矩 / 重规叠矩
* 重規累矩 / 重规累矩
* 重規襲矩 / 重规袭矩
* 高曾規矩 / 高曾规矩

### References

* “矩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 矩 |
| Kyūjitai | 矩󠄁 矩+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* carpenter's square

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): く (ku)
* Kun: さしがね (sashigane, 矩)、かねざし (kanezashi)、のり (nori, 矩)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 矩
* く Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟]

#### Affix

矩(く) • (ku)
* carpenter's square
* square (shape)
* rule; law

#### Noun

矩(く) • (ku)
* (astronomy) quadrature

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 矩
* のり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 矩 – see the following entry. :
| 【のり】 | [noun] rule, regulation, law [noun] norm, standard [noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device) [noun] measure, scale, size Alternative spellings 規, 法, 則 |
(This term, 矩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “矩”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

矩: Hán Nôm readings: củ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.