# Iulius
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* iūlius, Jūlius, jūlius

### Etymology

Possibly a contraction of the Old Latin personal name *Iovilios (“descended from or pertaining to Jove”); see Iovis, or from Ancient Greek ἴουλος (íoulos, “downy first beard hairs (of a young man)”). The month quīntīlis was renamed after Julius Caesar in 44 BC.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈi̯uː.li.us/, [ˈi̯uːlʲiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈju.li.us/, [ˈjuːlius]

### Adjective

Iūlius (feminine Iūlia, neuter Iūlium); first/second-declension adjective
* Of the gens Julia, a patrician Roman family.
* Of July, the fifth month of the Roman calendar.
    Synonym: Quīntīlis

#### Usage notes

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.
The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### Proper noun

Iūlius m sg (genitive Iūliī or Iūlī); second declension
* Julius; a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name".
* July
    Synonyms: mēnsis Iūlius, Mēnsis Iūlius

#### Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* Iūlia
* iūliānus

#### Related terms

* iūliensis

#### Descendants

From the personal name:
* Catalan: Juli
* → Cebuano: Julius
* → Coptic: ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲟⲥ (ioulios)
* → Czech: Julius
* → Danish: Julius
* → English: Julius, Julia, Julian, Gillian, Gill, hence gill
* → Faroese: Julius
* → Finnish: Julius
* French: Jules
* Galician: Xulio
* → German: Julius
* → Icelandic: Júlíus, Júlía
* → Irish: Iúil
* Italian: Giulio
* → Latvian: Jūlijs
* → Polish: Juliusz
* Portuguese: Júlio, Julho
* Romanian: Iuliu
* Sicilian: Juliu
* → Slovak: Július
* → Slovene: Julij
* Spanish: Julio
* → Swedish: Julius
* → Tashelhit: yulyuz
* → Ukrainian: Ю́лій (Júlij)
* Venetan: Zulio
From the month name:
* Franco-Provençal: j·ulyèt
* Italo-Dalmatian
** Italian: giuglio (obsolete, regional)
** Neapolitan: iuglio, julo
* Old French: juil, jule
** Anglo-Norman: julie
*** → Middle English: julie, julye
**** English: July (see there for further descendants)
**** Scots: Julie
* Old Occitan:
** Occitan: julh
** Old Catalan: juyl
*** ⇒ Old Catalan: juyol, jullol
**** Catalan: juliol (semi-learned)
* West Iberian
** Aragonese: chulio (probably semi-learned)
** Extremaduran: júliu
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: xuliu (probably semi-learned)
*** Mirandese: Júlio
** Old Galician-Portuguese: julio, jullo
*** Galician: xullo
*** Portuguese: julho (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish:
*** Ladino: djulio, djulyo
*** Spanish: julio (probably semi-learned)
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lūlius (dissimilated)
** Gallo-Italic
*** Emilian: lój
*** Ligurian: lùggio
*** Lombard: löj, lüj
*** Piedmontese: luj
** Italo-Dalmatian
*** Corsican: lugliu
*** Italian: luglio
**** → Somali: luuliyo
*** Neapolitan: lùglio
    Tarantino: luglie
*** Sicilian: lugghiu, lugliu
**** → Maltese: Lulju
** Rhaeto-Romance
*** Friulian: Lui
*** Ladin: lugio
*** Romansch: lügl
** Venetan: lujo
*** → Cimbrian: lujo, ludjo (Luserna)
* → Ancient Greek: Ἰούλιος (Ioúlios)
** Byzantine Greek: Ιούλιος (Ioúlios)
*** Greek: Ιούλιος (Ioúlios), Ιούλης (Ioúlis), Γιούλης (Gioúlis)
*** → Aromanian: iuliu
*** → Romanian: iulie
*** → Russian: июль (ijulʹ) (see there for further descendants)
** Old Armenian: յուլիս (yulis)
*** → Armenian: հուլիս (hulis) (learned)

##### Unsorted borrowings

These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.
* Africa
** Northern and Horn
*** Amharic: ጁላይ (ǧulay)
*** Kabyle: yulyu
** Subsaharan
*** Ewe: Yuli
*** Kongo: yuli
*** Lingala: yúli
*** Malagasy: Jolay
* Asia and Oceania
** Central and Western Asia
*** Arabic: يُولِيُو (yūliyū), يُولِيُو (yūliyū)
*** Hebrew: יולי (yúli)
** South Asia
*** Brahui: Jaoláí
*** Dhivehi: ޖުލައި (julai)
*** Sinhalese: ජූලි (jūli)
** Southeastern Asia and Oceania
*** Balinese: Juli
*** Banjarese: Juli
*** Gorontalo: Juli
*** Javanese: juli
* Europe
** Hungarian: július
** Irish: Iúil
** Latvian: jūlijs
** Livonian: jūlij
** Germanic
*** North Germanic
**** Danish: juli
***** → Greenlandic: juuli
**** Faroese: juli
**** Icelandic: júlí
**** Norwegian: juli
*** West Germanic
**** Alemannic German: Juli
**** Bavarian: Juli
**** Dutch: juli
***** Afrikaans: Julie
***** Jersey Dutch: Jûlî
***** Negerhollands: julie, julij
***** →? Caribbean Hindustani: julái
***** → Indonesian: Juli
***** → Papiamentu: yüli, yülei
***** → Trió: juuri
**** Dutch Low Saxon: juli
**** German: Juli, Julei (almost exclusively in speech; in order to better distinguish from Juni)
***** → Estonian: juuli
***** → Kashubian: juli
***** → Hebrew: יולי
***** → Hunsrik: Juli
**** German Low German: Juli
**** Kölsch: Juuli
**** Limburgish: zjuulje
**** Luxembourgish: Juli
**** North Frisian: jüüle, juuli, Juuli
**** Pennsylvania German: Yuli
**** West Frisian: july
**** Yiddish: יולי (yuli)
** Slavic
*** Bulgarian: юли (juli)
*** Macedonian: јули (juli)
*** Lower Sorbian: julij
*** Carpathian Rusyn: юл (jul)
*** Serbo-Croatian: juli, jul / јули, јул
*** Slovak: júl
*** Slovene: julij
*** Upper Sorbian: julij

### See also

* Iūlius
* Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### See also

* iūlius

### References

* ↑ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
* ↑ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
* ↑ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

### Further reading

* “Jūlĭus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Iulius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Iulius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Iulius in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016