# petroleum
## English
### Alternative forms

* petrolaeum (archaic)
* petrolæum (archaic)

### Etymology

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /pəˈtɹoʊliəm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

petroleum (countable and uncountable, plural petroleums or petrolea)
* A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.
    Synonyms: crude oil, oil
    petroleum-based products
** 1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin, page 7:Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

#### Derived terms

* liquefied petroleum gas
* packaged petroleum product
* petrol
* petroleum coke
* Petroleum County
* petroleum ether
* petroleum fly
* petroleum jelly
* petroleum reservoir
* petroleum spirit

#### Related terms

* (not a synonym) petrol (gasoline, gas)
* linoleum

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pe‧tro‧le‧um

### Noun

petroleum m (uncountable)
* petroleum

#### Synonyms

* aardolie
* ruwe olie

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: petroleum

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch petroleum, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pe.troˈleu.m]
* Hyphenation: pét‧ro‧lé‧um

### Noun

petroleum or pétroléum
* (petrochemistry) petroleum.
    Synonym: minyak bumi

### Further reading

* “petroleum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* petrolium (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin petroleum. First attested in 1534.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛˈtrɔ.lɛwm/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /pɛˈtrɔ.lɛwm/
* Rhymes: -ɔlɛwm
* Syllabification: pe‧tro‧leum

### Noun

petroleum n
* (obsolete) Synonym of ropa naftowa

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “petroleum”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

### Further reading

* “PETROLEUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 31.03.2016
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “petroleum”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “petroleum”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “petroleum”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 123
* petroleum in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Swedish
### Noun

petroleum n or c
* petroleum
* (Finland) kerosene, (UK) paraffin
    Synonym: fotogen

#### See also

* bitumen
* fotogen
* vaselin

### References

* petroleum in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* petroleum in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* petroleum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)