# canalis
## Latin
### Etymology

For *cannālis, from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kaˈnaː.lis/, [käˈnäːlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kaˈna.lis/, [käˈnäːlis]

### Noun

canālis m (genitive canālis); third declension
* A pipe, spout.
** c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.265:mellaque harundineis inferre canalibus […] and give them honey through reed pipes
* A gutter, ditch.
* A groove, channel, canal, conduit, duct.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī).

#### Derived terms

* canālicius
* canālicula
* canāliculus
* canāliēnsis

#### Related terms

* canāliculātus
* canna
* cannamella
* cannētum
* canneus
* cannula

#### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian
** Dalmatian: canul
** Italian: canale (see there for further descendants)
** Sicilian: canali
* Old French: chenel (see there for further descendants)
** French: chenal, cheneau
** Norman: canel
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: canal
* Rhaeto-Romance
** Romansch: chanal, chanel, canal
* Venetan: canal
* West Iberian
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: canal
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cãal
*** Galician: canle, cal
*** Portuguese: cale
** Old Spanish: canal
*** Spanish: canal
**** → Tagalog: kanal
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *canālia
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cãalla
*** Portuguese: calha

##### Borrowings

* → Czech: kanál
* → Danish: kanal
* → Dutch Low Saxon: knoal
* → Greek: κανάλι (kanáli)
* → Latvian: kanāls
* → Lithuanian: kanalas
* → Macedonian: канал (kanal)
* → Norwegian: kanal
* → Old French: canel (see there for further descendants)
** French: canal
** Norman: canal
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: canal
** Galician: canal
** Portuguese: canal
* → Pennsylvania German: Kanaal
* → Russian: канал (kanal)
* → Serbo-Croatian: канал / kanal
* → Swedish: kanal
** → Finnish: kanaali
* → Ukrainian: канал (kanal)
* → Proto-Brythonic: *kanọl
** Middle Welsh: kanawl
*** Welsh: canol

### References

* “canalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “canalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* canalis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* canalis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “canalis”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “canalis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “canalis”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
* canalis in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “canalis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN