# 菖蒲
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chāngpú
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ ㄆㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang$^1$ pu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^1$ pou$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhông-phù
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong-pô͘ / chhiang-pô͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāngpú
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ ㄆㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: changpú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^1$-pʻu$^2$
*** Yale: chāng-pú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: changpwu
*** Palladius: чанпу (čanpu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cang$^1$ pu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cangpu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^1$ pou$^4$
*** Yale: chēung pòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^1$ pou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^1$ pou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông-phù
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˊ$ pu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^1$ pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴ pʰu¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-pô͘ / chhiang-pô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong-pôo / tshiang-pôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiongpoo, chiangpoo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ³³ pɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ¹³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ²³/

### Noun

菖蒲
* sweet flag (Acorus)
    水菖蒲 ― shuǐchāngpú ― Acorus calamus
    石菖蒲 ― shíchāngpú ― Acorus gramineus
* (～花) iris or a similar flower
    黃菖蒲／黄菖蒲 ― huángchāngpú ― yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus)
    唐菖蒲 ― tángchāngpú ― Gladiolus × hybridus
    庭菖蒲 ― tíngchāngpú ― Sisyrinchium rosulatum

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 菖 | 蒲 |
| あやめ ||
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Shift in meaning from 漢女 (ayame), a compound of 漢 (aya, “Chinese”, appears in ancient clan names referring to very early Chinese immigrants to Japan) +‎ 女 (me, “woman”), in reference to the earliest producers of textiles as a metaphor for the colorful patterns of the flowers.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あやめ [àyámé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ja̠me̞]

#### Noun

菖蒲(あやめ) or 菖蒲(アヤメ) • (ayame)
* iris, Iris sanguinea
* short for 菖蒲襲 (ayamegasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May
* (archaic, poetic) the month of May
* (card games) in hanafuda, the card representing the month of May
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アヤメ.

##### Derived terms

* 狸菖蒲(タヌキアヤメ) (tanuki ayame)

#### Proper noun

菖蒲(あやめ) • (Ayame)
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 菖 | 蒲 |
| しょう Jinmeiyō | ぶ Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
/ɕaubu/ → /ɕɔːbu/ → /ɕoːbu/
From Middle Chinese 菖蒲 (MC tsyhang bu, literally “iris + bulrush, cattail; vine”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーぶ [shóꜜòbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːbɯ̟]

#### Noun

菖(しょう)蒲(ぶ) or 菖蒲(ショウブ) • (shōbu)
* sweet flag (Acorus calamus)
* iris (flower)
* (card games) in hanafuda, the card representing the month of May
* short for 菖蒲襲 (shōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

##### Derived terms

* 岩菖蒲(イワショウブ) (iwa shōbu)
* 石菖蒲(セキショウブ) (seki shōbu)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 菖 | 蒲 |
| そう Jinmeiyō | ぶ Jinmeiyō |
| irregular ||
Shift in pronunciation from shōbu above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーぶ [sóꜜòbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [so̞ːbɯ̟]

#### Noun

菖(そう)蒲(ぶ) • (sōbu)
* sweet flag (Acorus calamus)
* short for 菖蒲襲 (sōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN