# 昴

| 昴 | U+6634, &#26164; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6634 |
| ← 昳 [U+6633] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 昵 → [U+6635] |

## Translingual
### Han character

昴 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹竹中 (AHHL), four-corner 6072$_7$, composition ⿱日卯)

#### Derived characters

* 𭈾, 𭡧, 𨺸, 𪲺, 𮧠, 𩤶, 𩹡, 𬶘, 𮭅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 494, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13865
* Dae Jaweon: page 858, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1503, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6634

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 卯 | *mruːʔ |
| 昴 | *mruːʔ |
| 泖 | *mruːʔ |
| 茆 | *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ |
| 奅 | *m̥ʰruːs |
| 窌 | *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus |
| 聊 | *m·rɯːw |
| 貿 | *mlus |
| 鄮 | *mlus |
| 劉 | *m·ru |
| 留 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 蒥 | *m·ru |
| 鶹 | *m·ru |
| 騮 | *m·ru |
| 榴 | *m·ru |
| 瑠 | *ru |
| 瘤 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 遛 | *m·ru |
| 鎦 | *m·ru |
| 飀 | *m·ru |
| 鰡 | *m·ru |
| 嵧 | *m·ru |
| 餾 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 瀏 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 懰 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 柳 | *m·ruʔ |
| 珋 | *m·ruʔ |
| 罶 | *m·ruʔ |
| 嬼 | *m·ruʔ, *m·rus |
| 溜 | *m·rus |
| 霤 | *m·rus |
| 廇 | *m·rus |
| 塯 | *m·rus |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎo (mao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maau$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bao$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): báu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhao$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎo
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^3$
*** Yale: mǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mao
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maau$^5$
*** Yale: máauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mao$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːu̯¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pau⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: báu
*** Tâi-lô: báu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhao$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: báu
*** Sinological IPA : /bau⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: maewX
Rime :
| Character | 昴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫飽切 |
| Baxter | maewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mau$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤruʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 昴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁruʔ/ |
| English | the Pleiades |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 昴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8872 |
| Phonetic component | 卯 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卯 |
| Old Chinese | /*mruːʔ/ |

### Definitions

昴
* (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Hairy Head Mansion (Pleiades) (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

#### Synonyms

* 留 (Liǔ)

#### Compounds

* 昴宿 (Mǎoxiù)
* 昴宿星團 / 昴宿星团 (Mǎoxiù xīngtuán)
* 昴降

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 昴(ぼう) (Bō)
Others:
* → Manchu: ᠮᠣᡴᠣ (moko)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “昴”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 152.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* the Pleiades (star cluster)

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kun: すばる (subaru, 昴)、すまる (sumaru, 昴)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、こう (kō)、たか (taka)、たかし (takashi)、のぼる (noboru)

#### Compounds

* 昴宿(ぼうしゅく) (Bōshuku)
* 昴星(ぼうせい) (Bōsei)
* 昴(あき)子(こ) (Akiko)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 昴
* すばる Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Likely from Old Japanese, use of kanji in Japanese texts first appears in the Tango-no-kuni Fudoki (c. mid-8th century), phonetic spelling first attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
By extension from 統ばる (subaru, “to bunch together; to unite”, intransitive), due to the way the stars in the constellation all cluster together. Compare 統べる (suberu, “to command”, transitive).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すばる [súꜜbàrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sɨba̠ɾɯ̟]

#### Proper noun

昴(すばる) • (Subaru)
* (astronomy) the Pleiades star cluster, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
    Synonyms: プレアデス星団 (Pureadesu-seidan), 昴宿 (Bōshuku), 昴星 (Subaruboshi, Bōsei), 六連星 (Mutsuraboshi)
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 昴
* すまる Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Likely from Old Japanese.
Possibly an allusion from 昴の玉 (sumaru no tama, literally “cluster of pearls”) referenced multiple times in the Kojiki (712 CE); probably the original form of Subaru above. (Can this etymology be sourced?) Compare the development of 皇 (sume-/sumera- → sube-/subera-, prefix of praise and respect to Shinto deities or an Emperor of Japan)

#### Proper noun

昴(すまる) • (Sumaru)
* (astronomy, regional) the Pleiades star cluster, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
* a male given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 昴
* ぼう Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/bau/ → /bɔː/ → /boː/
From Middle Chinese 昴 (MC maewX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼー [bóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [bo̞ː]

#### Proper noun

昴(ぼう) • (Bō)
* (Chinese astronomy) the Hairy Head constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions, corresponding to the Pleiades star cluster in English
    Synonyms: 昴宿 (Bōshuku), 昴星 (Bōsei)
    Hypernyms: 白虎, 二十八宿

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 昴
* たかし Jinmeiyō
* irregular
Nominalization of classical adjective 高し (takashi), modern 高い (takai, “high”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠ka̠ɕi]

#### Proper noun

昴(たかし) • (Takashi)
* a male given name

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 昴
* のぼる Jinmeiyō
* irregular
Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [no̞bo̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Proper noun

昴(のぼる) • (Noboru)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

昴 (eum 묘 (myo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

昴: Hán Nôm readings: mão, máu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.