# -NIID
## Navajo
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *ni (“to feel, to think, to want, to wish”). Relates to the mind.
Cognate root found in Ahtna uniʼoʼolnii (“I am attracted to her”), Tanacross shiiníʼ (“my mind”).
-NIID shares many stems with the roots -NÍÍD, -NIIʼ, -NÍÍʼ, -NIʼ, -NÍ, -NIH, -NIIH ~ -LĮH and -NEʼ, each of these being themselves a conflation of several originally distinct roots with at times overlapping meanings, which makes their actual identification often speculative.

#### Root

-NIID
* to want, to love, to have in mind
| Theme | Bases |
| O + yíní + d | S wants, loves O yóʼní (NEUT) ayóóʼáyóʼní |
| ni + l | S wants, desires P yidánoolní ↳ bidáhonooní |
| yí + di + l | S is addicted yídéelniʼ ↳ hwíídéeniʼ |
| d | S changes his/her mind anáʼniih (MOM) |

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -niił |
| NEUT | -ní | — | — | — | — |
| NEUT | -niʼ | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

##### Synonyms

to want:
* -ZĮĮD
to think:
* -KÉÉZ

##### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (desire)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *də-ni (“to say”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna desnii (“I say”), sełnii (“he says to me”), Carrier hotni (“it is said”).

#### Root

-NIID
* to say
| Theme | Category | Bases | Indirect transitive (+ Pi) |
| di + ∅ | | S says [I say] ní [dishní] ↳ haʼní ~ hodiʼní (+d passive) ání [ádíshní] ↳ áháʼní ááhní [ááhdishní] kʼéní [kʼédíshní] | S says [I say] to P yiłní [bidishní]   ííłní [ábidishní]   ááhyiłní [ááhbidishní] kʼéyíłní [kʼébidishní] ↳ kʼénáyíłʼní |
| di + ł | | | S imitates the sound of P yidiłní [bidishní] |

##### Usage notes

* As in all Athabaskan languages, the thematic di- prefix deletes in the third person, and the pronominal P-i prefix is replaced with P-ił.
    dishní, bidishní ― I say, I say to him
    ní, shiłní ― he says, he says to me
* Most of the above neuter verbs have a matching active verb conjugated in the momentaneous aspect, mainly suppleting for the modes other than the imperfective.
    Neuter / Imperfective / Perfective / Future
    ní / niih / dííniid / didooniił
    ání / ániih / ádííniid / ádidooniił,...

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -neʼ |
| NEUT | -ní | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

##### Synonyms

to tell, to speak:
* -NEʼ
* -TIʼ

##### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (say)

### Etymology 3
#### Root

-NIID
* to be new, fresh, young, recent
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) |
| ∅ | | S is new ániid, ániidí áníídí | |

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| NEUT | — | -niid | — | — | — |
| NEUT | — | -nííd | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

##### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (new)

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Athabaskan *ni ~ *ni̓gʸ (“to be joyful”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna neniic (“happiness”), Carrier honəsni (“to be joyful”).

#### Root

-NIID
* there is fun, joy
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) |
| ni + ∅ | | there is fun honeeni | |

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -niih |
| NEUT | -ni | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

##### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (enjoy)

### Etymology 5
#### Root

-NIID
* to affect, to be the solution for, to cure
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) |
| di + ł | | S affects P, cures P bidééłní bihodééłní biʼdiłniih | |

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -nih | -niiʼ |
| NEUT | -ní | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

##### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (affect)