# bán
## Czech
### Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaːn]
* Rhymes: -aːn
* Hyphenation: bán

### Noun

bán m anim (relational adjective bánský)
* (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
* (historical) ban (governor of a banovina in Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941)

#### Related terms

* Banát
* banát
* banátský
* bánovina

### Further reading

* “bán”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “bán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “bán” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “bán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaːn]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bán
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.

#### Verb

bán
* (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by
    Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?
    Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
* (transitive) to regret
    Synonym: sajnál

##### Usage notes

* This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

##### Derived terms

* bánat
* bánatos
* bánkódik
* bánt
(With verbal prefixes):
* megbán

##### See also

* bánik

### Etymology 2

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

#### Noun

bán (plural bánok)
* (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)

##### Derived terms

* báni
* bánság
* Bánság

### References

* Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43

### Further reading

* (to mind, to regret): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (ban [historical]): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* bán in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /bˠɑːnˠ/, /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /bˠaːnˠ/, /bˠaːn̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

#### Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)
* white
* blank
* fair-haired
* (sexuality, LGBTQ) gay, homosexual

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Derived terms

* abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
* bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
* bánbhia (“white meat”)
* bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
* bánóg (“white [butterfly]”)
* béar bán (“polar bear”)
* bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
* buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
* cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
* earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
* fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
* fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
* fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
* grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
* Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
* lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
* putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
* scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
* siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
* siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)

##### Descendants

* → Yola: baun, bawn

#### Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)
* white

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bán
ba
vocative
a bháin
a bhána
genitive
báin
bán
dative
bán
ba
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bán
na ba
genitive
an bháin
na mbán
dative
leis an mbán don bhán
leis na ba :

##### Derived terms

* bán na súl m (“albinism”)

#### See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text) :
| bán | liath | dubh |
| dearg; corcairdhearg | oráiste, flannbhuí; donn | buí; bánbhuí |
| líoma-ghlas, glas líoma | glas, uaine | dath an mhiontais |
| cian | gormghlas, spéirghorm | gorm |
| corcairghorm; indeagó | maigeanta; corcra | bándearg |

#### Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)
* (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | bánaim | bánann tú; bánair$^†$ | bánann sé, sí | bánaimid | bánann sibh | bánann siad; bánaid$^†$ | a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann* | bántar |
| indicative | past | bhán mé; bhánas | bhán tú; bhánais | bhán sé, sí | bhánamar; bhán muid | bhán sibh; bhánabhair | bhán siad; bhánadar | a bhán / ar bhán* | bánadh |
| indicative | past habitual | bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡ | bhántá / mbántá‡‡ | bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡ | bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡ | bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡ | a bhánadh / a mbánadh* | bhántaí / mbántaí‡‡ |
| future | future | bánfaidh mé; bánfad | bánfaidh tú; bánfair$^†$ | bánfaidh sé, sí | bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid | bánfaidh sibh | bánfaidh siad; bánfaid$^†$ | a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh* | bánfar |
| conditional | conditional | bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡ | bhánfá / mbánfá‡‡ | bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡ | bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡ | bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡ | a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh* | bhánfaí / mbánfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go mbána mé; go mbánad$^†$ | go mbána tú; go mbánair$^†$ | go mbána sé, sí | go mbánaimid; go mbána muid | go mbána sibh | go mbána siad; go mbánaid$^†$ | — | go mbántar |
| subjunctive | past | dá mbánainn | dá mbántá | dá mbánadh sé, sí | dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid | dá mbánadh sibh | dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad | — | dá mbántaí |
| imperative | imperative | bánaim | bán | bánadh sé, sí | bánaimis | bánaigí; bánaidh$^†$ | bánaidís | — | bántar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh | bánadh |
| past participle | past participle | bánta | bánta | bánta | bánta | bánta | bánta | bánta | bánta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

#### Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)
* (geography) lea; grassland
* uncultivated land

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bán
bánta
vocative
a bháin
a bhánta
genitive
báin
bánta
dative
bán
bánta
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bán
na bánta
genitive
an bháin
na mbánta
dative
leis an mbán don bhán
leis na bánta :

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)
* Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bán
báin
vocative
a bháin
a bhána
genitive
báin
bán
dative
bán
báin
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bán
na báin
genitive
an bháin
na mbán
dative
leis an mbán don bhán
leis na báin :

##### Descendants

* → English: bawn
* → Yola: bawen

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bán”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bán”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “bán”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaːn/

### Adjective

bán
* white
* pure

#### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | bán | bán | bán |
| Vocative | báin* bán** | bán | bán |
| Accusative | bán | báin | bán |
| Genitive | báin | báine | báin |
| Dative | bán | báin | bán |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | báin | bána | bána |
| Vocative | bánu bána† | bána | bána |
| Accusative | bánu bána† | bána | bána |
| Genitive | bán | bán | bán |
| Dative | bánaib | bánaib | bánaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Synonyms

* finn
* gabor
* gel

#### Descendants

* Irish: bán
* Manx: bane
* Scottish Gaelic: bàn
* ⇒ Middle Irish: abbán

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ɓaːn˧˥]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ɓaːn˦]

### Etymology 1

From Vietnamese bàn.

#### Noun

bán
* altar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

bán
* to leave out
    ton bán ― to leave out castration

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bán
* winnowing basket

### Etymology 4
#### Adjective

bán
* chipped
    Synonyms: bín, bỉu, va̱o
    mạc pjạ bán ― chipped knife
    pát bán ― chipped bowl
    bán pay ám nưng ― with one piece chippped

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

#### Prefix

bán
* half-; semi-; hemi-
    bán hẹp bao quy đầu ― with a semi-tight foreskin

##### Derived terms

* bán cầu
* bán dẫn
* bán đảo
* bán kết
* bán kính
* chất bán dẫn
* hình bán nguyệt

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

#### Verb

bán • (半, 𬥓, 拌)
* to sell

##### Derived terms

* bán buôn
* bán chác
* bán chịu
* bán đứng
* buôn bán
* mua bán