# 不得已
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùdéyǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bat$^1$ dak$^1$ ji$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): but$^1$ dak$^1$ yi$^{4*}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet-yí
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-tek-í / put-tiak-í / put-tit-í
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-tê$^2$-i$^3$
*** Yale: bù-dé-yǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buderyii
*** Palladius: будэи (budɛi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ dak$^1$ ji$^5$
*** Yale: bāt dāk yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ dak$^7$ ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ deg$^1$ yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: but$^1$ dak$^1$ yi$^{4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /put̚³³ tak̚³³ ji²¹⁻²¹⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: bud$^ˋ$ ded$^ˋ$ i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bud$^5$ ded$^5$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² i³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: bud$^ˋ$ ded$^ˋ$ (r)i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bud$^5$ ded$^5$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² (j)i³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek-í
*** Tâi-lô: put-tik-í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putdek'ie
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ i⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak-í
*** Tâi-lô: put-tiak-í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putdiak'ie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tit-í
*** Tâi-lô: put-tit-í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putdit'ie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tok yiX|yiH
Rime :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 | 已 | 已 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 端 (5) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 物 (60) | 德 (131) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫鳩切 | 方久切 | 分勿切 | 多則切 | 羊己切 | 羊吏切 |
| Baxter | pjuw | pjuwX | pjut | tok | yiX | yiH |
| Reconstructions |||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨu/ | /pɨu$^X$/ | /pɨut̚/ | /tək̚/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /jɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piut̚/ | /tək̚/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /jɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piəu/ | /piəu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /tək̚/ | /ie$^X$/ | /ie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puw/ | /puw$^X$/ | /put̚/ | /tək̚/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /jɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /tək̚/ | /iə$^X$/ | /iə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭəu/ | /pĭəu$^X$/ | /pĭuət̚/ | /tək̚/ | /jĭə$^X$/ | /jĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯ə̯u/ | /pi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /pi̯uət̚/ | /tək̚/ | /i$^X$/ | /i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fōu | fǒu | fu | de | yǐ | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^1$ | fau$^2$ | fat$^1$ | dak$^1$ | ji$^5$ | ji$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə tˤək ɢ(r)əʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' tɯːɡ lɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 得 | 已 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bù | bù | dé | yǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ tok › | ‹ yi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə/ | /*pə/ | /*tˁək/ | /*ɢ(r)əʔ/ |
| English | not | 不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn) | obtain | cease; already |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 | 已 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1025 | 1029 | 1048 | 2165 | 14924 |
| Phonetic component | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 | 已 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 物 | 職 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 不 | 缶 | 弗 | 德 | 以 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯ/ | /*pɯʔ/ | /*pɯ'/ | /*tɯːɡ/ | /*lɯʔ/ |
| Notes | | 象花柎與本同源 | 中古才促化 | | 巳轉註字 |

### Adjective

不得已
* having no alternative but to; acting against one's will; having to; imperative

#### Synonyms

* 不獲已 / 不获已 (bùhuòyǐ) (archaic)
* 姑不二將 / 姑不二将 (Hokkien)
* 姑不將 / 姑不将 (Hokkien)
* 沒有辦法 / 没有办法 (méiyǒu bànfǎ)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 부득이(不得已) (budeugi)
* → Vietnamese: bất đắc dĩ (不得已)
Others:
* → Japanese: 已(や)むを得(え)ず (yamu o ezu) (calque)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 不 | 得 | 已 |
| えず | えず | や(むを) Jinmeiyō |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 5 | や(むを) Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun | jukujikun | kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 不得已 – see the following entry. :
| 【止やむを得えず】 | [phrase] Alternative form of 止むを得ない (yamu o enai, “have no choice but to”) Alternative spelling 已むを得ず |
(This term, 不得已, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 不 | 得 | 已 |

### Adverb

不得已 • (budeugi) (hangeul 부득이)
* hanja form of 부득이

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 不 | 得 | 已 |

### Adjective

不得已
* chữ Hán form of bất đắc dĩ.