# باغ
## Khalaj
### Noun

باغ (bâğ) (definite accusative باغؽ, plural باغلار)
* Arabic spelling of bâğ (“garden”)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâğ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

#### Noun

باغ • (bağ)
* garden, an outdoor area where plants are grown for ornamental purposes
    Synonyms: باغچه (bağçe), جنت (cennet), فردوس (firdevs)
* orchard, plantation, an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees
* vineyard, a grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine

##### Derived terms

* باغ اكمك (bağ ekmek, “to plant a vineyard”)
* باغ بدیع (bağ-ı bediʿ, “paradise”)
* باغ بودامق (bağ budamak, “to harvest grapes”)
* باغ بوزومی (bağ bozumu, “grape harvest”)
* باغ رفیع (bağ-ı refiʿ, “paradise”)
* باغ فردوس (bağ-ı firdevs, “garden of paradise”)
* باغ چبوغی (bağ çubuğu, “vine”)
* باغبان (bağban, “gardener”)
* باغجی (bağcı, “worker in a vineyard”)
* باغسز (bağsız, “without a vineyard”)
* باغلق (bağlık, “ground suited for a vineyard”)
* باغلو (bağlı, “containing vineyards”)

##### Related terms

* باغچه (bağçe, “garden”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: bağ
* → Laz: ბაღი (baği)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bağ2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 425
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Paradisus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1240
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 670
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bāg (“tie, rope”); cognate with Azerbaijani bağ, Bashkir бау (baw), Kazakh бау (bau), Kyrgyz боо (boo), Nogai бав (bav), Southern Altai буу (buu) and Yakut баай (baay).

#### Noun

باغ • (bağ)
* tie, band, bandage, anything with which a thing is tied or bound
    Synonyms: بند (bend), قید (kayd)
* bundle, bunch, a group of similar things usually fastened together

##### Derived terms

* آشی باغی (aşı bağı, “bandage to a graft”)
* آیاق باغی (ayak bağı, “tether for a beast”)
* اكین باغی (ekin bağı, “sheaf of cut corn”)
* باغ چوزمك (bağ çözmek, “to loose a band or tie”)
* باغداش (bağdaş, “the oriental position of sitting at ease”)
* باغسز (bağsız, “without a tie or bond”)
* باغلاتمق (bağlatmak, “to make or let be tied”)
* باغلامق (bağlamak, “to tie, fasten”)
* باغلانمق (bağlanmak, “to be tied”)
* باغلق (bağlık, “a thing fit to be used as a tie”)
* باغلو (bağlı, “furnished with ties”)
* بویون باغی (boyun bağı, “necktie”)
* دیز باغی (diz bağı, “garter”)
* صاچ باغی (saç bağı, “hairband”)
* قاصق باغی (kasık bağı, “truss in hernia”)
* قلج باغی (kılıc bağı, “sword belt”)
* چیچك باغی (çiçek bağı, “bunch of flowers”)
* گوز باغی (göz bağı, “bandage for the eyes”)
* یاره باغی (yara bağı, “surgical bandage”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: bağ

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bağ3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 426
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ligaculum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 949
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 669-670
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

## Pashto
### Etymology

Modern borrowing from Persian. Replacing the original بڼ (baṇ) in certain areas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑɣ/
* (east-central) IPA: /boɣ/

### Noun

باغ • (bāǧ) m
* garden

#### Synonyms

* بڼ (baṇ)

### References

* Raverty, H. G. (1867) “باغ”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ), from Old Persian *bāgah (“garden, orchard”), from Proto-Iranian *bāgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bɑːɣ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːɣ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːɣ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɑːɣ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bɔːɣ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bɒːɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bɔʁ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | باغ |
| Iranian Persian | باغ |
| Tajik | боғ |
باغ • (bâğ) (plural باغ‌ها (bâğ-hâ) or باغات (bâğât))
* garden, orchard, bagh
    Synonym: بوستان (bustân)
** 1207-73, Rumi, “بی‌همگان بسر شود، بی‌تو بسر نمی‌شود”, Divan-e Shams:
    بی‌تو اگر بسر شدی، زیر جهان زبر شدی – باغ ارم سقر شود، بی‌تو بسر نمی‌شودbi-to agar besar šodi, zir-e jahân zebar šodi – bâğ-e eram saqar šavad, bi-to besar nemi-šavad(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 858-941, Rudaki, “عصا بیار که وقت عصا و انبان بود”:
    بسا شکسته بیابان که باغ خرم بود – و باغ خرم گشت آن کجا بیابان بودbasâ šekaste biâbân ke bâğ-e xorram bud – va bâğ-e xorram gašt ân kojâ biâbân bud(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of باغ (bâğ) (Iranian Persian) :

#### Derived terms

* باغ وحش (bâğ-e vahš)
* باغبان (bâğbân)
* باغبانی (bâğbâni)
* باغچه (bâğče)
* چهارباغ (čahârbâğ)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: բաղ (baġ)
* → Azerbaijani: bağ
* → Bengali: বাগ (bag)
* → Crimean Tatar: bağ
* → English: bagh
* → Gilaki: باغ (båğ)
* → Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)
* → Gujarati: બાગ (bāg)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: बाग़ (bāġ)
** Urdu: باغ (bāġ)
* → Kazakh: бақ (baq), бау (bau)
* → Khalaj: bâğ
* → Kipchak: باغ (bağ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: باغ (bağ)
** Turkish: bağ
** → Laz: ბაღი (baği)
* → Pashto: باغ (bâǧ)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਗ਼ (bāġ)
** Shahmukhi script: باغ (bāġ)
* → Turkmen: bag
* → Uyghur: باغ (bagh)
* → Uzbek: bogʻ
* → Sarikoli: bā̊ɣ

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “باغ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bāɣ”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian باغ (bāğ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bɑːɣ/
* Audio (Pakistan, Punjabic Urdu):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːɣ

### Noun

باغ • (bāġ) m (Hindi spelling बाग़)
* garden
* orchard; grove
* land, area

#### Declension

Declension of باغ :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | باغ (bāġ) | باغ (bāġ) |
| oblique | باغ (bāġ) | باغوں (bāġõ) |
| vocative | باغ (bāġ) | باغو (bāġo) |

#### Derived terms

* باغْچَہ (bāġca, “small garden”)
* باغْ و بَہار (bāġ-o-bahār, “splendor”, literally “garden and spring”)
* باغِ عَدَن (bāġ-e-adan, “Garden of Eden”)
* باغِ بَہِشْت (bāġ-e-bahišt, “garden of Paradise”)
* باغِ عِشْق (bāġ-e-'iśq, “garden of love”)
* باغْبان (bāġbān, “gardener”)

### References

* “باغ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “باغ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “باغ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “باغ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu باغ (bāğ).

### Noun

باغ (bāğ)
* garden
* orchard

## Uyghur
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâğ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”).

### Noun

باغ • (bagh) (plural باغلار (baghlar))
* garden
* orchard
    ئالمىلىق باغ ― almiliq bagh ― apple orchard