# 万

| 万 | U+4E07, &#19975; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E07 |
| ← 丆 [U+4E06] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 丈 → [U+4E08] |

## Translingual
### Han character

万 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一尸 (MS), four-corner 1022$_7$, composition ⿸丆𠃌)

#### Derived characters

* 𬇕, 杤, 𥸯, 迈, 𠒐, 劢, 𪜇, 𫔬, 虿, 趸, 𦥤, 厉, 𡧊, 疠, 𡆭
* 𭜌, 𭔩, 𬮙, 𮍴, 𭆑, 𬜼, 𰿘, 𲈦

#### Related characters

* 萬 (Orthodox traditional form)

#### Descendants

* ㄪ (Zhuyin alphabet)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10
* Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4E07
* 万 on Wikidata.Wikidata

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 万 :
| Shang | Western Zhou |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
Unknown. Used as a tribal name in oracle inscriptions. Used as a number since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
Various theories have been proposed for its original meaning:
* Qu Wanli, Qiu Xigui and others propose that it originally refers to a type of dancer-musicians. This usage is attested in the oracle inscriptions. This may be supported by ancient literature, e.g. Shijing, which mentions a type of dance called 萬舞／万舞.
* Lin Yiguang proposes that it is an ancient form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), acting as a phonetic component in 賓 (OC *mpin).
* Some propose that it is a differentiated form of 亥.

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 万 – see 萬 (“scorpion; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 萬).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Compounds

* 万紐于 (Wànniǔyú)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mak$^6$ / maak$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): mog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mak$^6$ / maak$^6$
*** Yale: mahk / maahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mak$^9$ / maak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meg$^6$ / mag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /mok̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mok
Rime :
| Character | 万 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫北切 |
| Baxter | mok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 万 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12614 |
| Phonetic component | 万 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墨 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

万
* Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00001

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 万 |
| Kyūjitai | 萬 |

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 萬)
* ten thousand, myriad
* various, many, all

#### Readings

As a simplification and variant of 萬:
* Go-on: もん (mon)
* Kan-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: ワン (wan)
* Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
* Kun: よろず (yorozu, 万)
* Nanori: かず (kazu)、かつ (katsu)、すすむ (susumu)、たか (taka)、つむ (tsumu)、つもる (tsumoru)、ま (ma)、ゆる (yuru)、よし (yoshi)
As part of the surname 万俟:
* Go-on: もく (moku)
* Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

#### Compounds

* 万(まん)引(び)き (manbiki)
* 万年青(オモト) (omoto)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 万
* まん Grade: 2
* kan'yōon
* Alternative spelling
* 萬 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). Compare modern Cantonese 萬 / 万 (maan$^6$), Hokkien 萬 / 万 (bān).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まん [máꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

万(まん) • (man)
* ten thousand, myriad
** 1999 October 17, “３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)の白(しろ)亀(メ) [30,000-Year White Turtle]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:
    ３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)も生(い)きつづけている巨(きょ)大(だい)カメ。守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)が高(たか)い。
       Sanman-nen mo ikitsuzukete iru kyodai kame. Shubiryoku ga takai.
       A giant turtle that has lived for over 30,000 years. It has high defense strength.

##### Derived terms

* 万(まん)一(いち) (man'ichi)
* 万(まん)が一(いち) (mangaichi)
* 万(まん)機(き) (manki)
* 万(まん)華(げ)鏡(きょう) (mangekyō)
* 万(まん)才(さい) (mansai)
* 万(マン)作(サク) (mansaku)
* 万(まん)善(ぜん) (manzen)
* 万(まん)全(ぜん) (manzen)
* 万(まん)灯(どう) (mandō)
* 万(まん)歩(ぽ)計(けい) (manpokei, “pedometer”)
* 万(まん)葉(よう) (man'yō)
* 万(まん)力(りき) (manriki)

##### See also

v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、一萬 | いちまん | ichiman |
| 100,000,000 | 一億 | いちおく | ichioku |

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 万
* ばん Grade: 2
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 萬 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). Compare modern Hokkien 萬 / 万 (bān).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bã̠ɴ]

#### Adverb

万(ばん) • (ban)
* (followed by a negative) even if, never
* (followed by a negative) no matter what

#### Prefix

万(ばん) • (ban-)
* many
* all

#### Derived terms

* 万(ばん)感(かん) (bankan, “flood of emotions”)
* 万(ばん)軍(ぐん) (bangun)
* 万(ばん)芸(げい) (bangei, “versatility”)
* 万(ばん)古(こ) (banko, “old time, all this time, eternity”)
* 万(ばん)斛(こく) (bankoku)
* 万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō, “an extremely long period of time”)
* 万(ばん)死(し) (banshi, “critical state of the life”)
* 万(ばん)寿(じゅ) (banju), 万(まん)寿(じゅ) (manju, “longevity”)
* 万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō, “hurrah”)
* 万(ばん)乗(じょう) (banjō, “sovereignty”)
* 万(ばん)状(じょう) (banjō, “diversification”)
* 万(ばん)博(ぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition”)
* 万(ばん)万(ばん) (banban, “very much”)
* 万(ばん)民(みん) (banmin, “all the people, the entire nation”)
* 万(ばん)有(ゆう) (ban'yū)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 万
* よろず Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 萬 (kyūjitai)
⟨yo$_2$ro$_2$du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Appears to be a compound or inflection, but the derivation is unclear. Possibly related to Korean 여러 (yeoreo, “several, various”), in which case the final /-du/ in the Old Japanese might be a voiced version of the generic numeral nominalizer つ (tsu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よろず [yóꜜròzù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) よろず [yòrózú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ɾo̞zɨ]

#### Noun

万(よろず) • (yorozu)
* ten thousand
* a large number
* all, everything

##### Derived terms

* 万(よろず)屋(や) (yorozuya, “general merchant”)

### See also

v • d • eJapanese counter/suffix: 万 (よろず, yorozu, "ten thousand; the kun'yomi reading of 万") :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 10,000 | 万 | よろず | yorozu |
| 20,000 | 二万 | ふたよろず | futayorozu |
| 30,000 | 三万 | みよろず | miyorozu |
| 40,000 | 四万 | よよろず | yoyorozu |
| 50,000 | 五万 | いよろず | iyorozu |
| 60,000 | 六万 | むよろず | muyorozu |
| 70,000 | 七万 | ななよろず | nanayorozu |
| 80,000 | 八万 | やよろず | yayorozu |
| 90,000 | 九万 | ここのよろず | kokonoyorozu |

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “万”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Korean
### Hanja

万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))
* Alternative form of 萬.

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

万: Hán Việt readings: vạn, mặc
万: Nôm readings: vàn, vạn, muôn
* Alternative form of 萬.

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).