# समुद्र
## Bhojpuri
### Noun

समुद्र (samudra) m (Kaithi 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩)
* Alternative form of समुंद्र (samundra)

## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of समंदर (samandar).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə.mʊd̪.ɾᵊ/, [sɐ.mʊd̪.ɾᵊ]

### Noun

समुद्र • (samudra) m (Urdu spelling سمدر)
* sea (body of water)
    Synonyms: समंदर (samandar), समुंदर (samundar), सागर (sāgar), दरिया (dariyā)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra), through Old Marathi 𑘭𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨 (samudra, “sea”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.mud̪.ɾə/

### Noun

समुद्र • (samudra) n
* sea
    Synonym: सागर (sāgar)
    अरबी समुद्र ― arbī samudra ― Arabian sea

#### Derived terms

* समुद्रकिनारा (samudrakinārā, “seacoast”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “समुद्र”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “समुद्र”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “समुद्र”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “समुद्र”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʌmud̪rʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: समुद्र

### Noun

समुद्र • (samudra)
* sea

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সমুদ্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* সমুদ্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* သမုဒြ (Burmese script)
* સમુદ્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਸਮੁਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಮುದ್ರ (Kannada script)
* សមុទ្រ (Khmer script)
* ສມຸທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* സമുദ്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠᠮᡠᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᠮᠤᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ସମୁଦ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢱꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* සමුද්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* ஸமுத்³ர (Tamil script)
* సముద్ర (Telugu script)
* สมุทฺร (Thai script)
* ས་མུ་དྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s (“water”). By surface analysis, सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) +‎ उद्र (udra, “water”). Related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ.mud.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪ɐˈmud̪.ɾɐ/

### Noun

समुद्र • (samudrá) stem, m or n
* any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean
    Synonym: सागर (sāgara)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.72.3:इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत। प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata. prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi.Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.

#### Descendants

* Helu Prakrit:
** Sinhalese: මුහුද (muhuda), සමුද්‍ර (samudra, “maritime”)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Sindhi: سَمُنڊُ (samunḍu)
* Pali: samudda
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤 (samudda)

#### Borrowed terms

* Acehnese: samudra
* Bengali: সমুদ্র (śomudro)
* Burmese: သမုဒ္ဒရာ (sa.mudda.ra)
* Gujarati: સમંદર (samandar)
* Hindi: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समन्दर (samandar), समुंदर (samundar)
* Indonesian: Sumatra
** → English: Sumatra
* Kannada: ಸಮುದ್ರ (samudra)
* Khmer: សមុទ្រ (saʼmot)
* Lü: ᦉᦖᦳᧆ (ṡṁud)
* Malay: samudera
** Indonesian: samudra
* Old Javanese: samudra
** > Javanese: ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ (samudra), ꦱꦩꦺꦴꦢꦿ (samodra) (inherited)
* Odia: ସମୁଦ୍ର (samudra)
* Nepali: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समुन्द्र (samundra)
* Punjabi: ਸਮੁੰਦਰ (samundar)
* Tamil: சமுத்திரம் (camuttiram)
* Telugu: సముద్రము (samudramu)
* Thai: สมุทร (sà-mùt)
* Urdu: سَمُنْدَر (samundar)
** → Pashto: سمندر (samandar)
** → Torwali: سمندر (samandar)
** → Ushojo: سمندر (samandar)