# سدر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Sense of letting go cognate with Hebrew שִׁדֵּר (shidér, “to send, to dispatch, to broadcast”) via Jewish Babylonian Aramaic root ש־ד־ר (“to send”)
* Root
* س د ر (s d r)
* 2 terms

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.di.ra/

#### Verb

سَدِرَ • (sadira) I (non-past يَسْدَرُ (yasdaru), verbal noun سَدَر (sadar) or سَدَارَة (sadāra))
* to be dazzled, to be blinded, to have vision blocked
** c. 700, al-ʾaḵṭal at-taġlibī, ألا سائل الجحاف هل هو ثائر:يصولُ بمَجْرٍ لَيْسَ يُحْصى عديدُه ويَسْدَرُ مِنْهُ، ساجِياً، كلُّ ناظِرِHe encroaches numerously in a number that cannot be counted And every beholder is silent and dazzled by him.
* to be careless, to be regardless, to be reckless
* to let go, to exert
* to hung down, to descend

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

سَدَر • (sadar) m
* verbal noun of سَدِرَ (sadira) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From the root س د ر (s d r) meaning “to obscure or block vision”, “to make an area inaccessible or blocked”; originally applied variously to lofty trees associated with shade.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sidr/

#### Noun

سِدْر • (sidr) m (collective, singulative سِدْرَة f (sidra), plural سُدُور (sudūr) or سِدَر (sidar), paucal سِدَرَات (sidarāt))
* buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus
    Synonym: نَبَق (nabaq)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:28-29:فِي سِدْرٍ مَّخْضُودٍ وَطَلْحٍ مَّنْضُودٍfī sidrin maḵḍūdin waṭalḥin manḍūdin[They will be] among buckthorn trees with thorns removed and vachellia trees layered [with fruit]

##### Descendants

* → Classical Azerbaijani: sidrə
* → Persian: سدر (sedr)
* → Ottoman Turkish: سدره (sidre), سدر (sidr)
** Turkish: sidre

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سدر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 299
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “سدر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1331
* Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 67
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سدر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 487
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سدر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 470
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سدر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 561

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Arabic سِدْر (sidr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sidr/

#### Noun

سدر • (sidr) (singulative سدره (sidre))
* buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus

##### Descendants

* Turkish: sidre

### Etymology 2

From French cèdre.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛdr/, /sɛdir/

#### Noun

سدر • (sedr, sedir)
* cedar, tree of the genus Cedrus

##### Descendants

* Turkish: sedr, sedir
* →? Azerbaijani: sidr (“cedar”) (by confusion)

### References

* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “سدر”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 501b

## South Levantine Arabic
### Noun

سدر • (ṣidr) m
* Alternative spelling of صدر (ṣidr)