# 大阪
## Chinese

* 大阪

### Etymology
#### “Osaka”

    Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大阪 (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàbǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ baan$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Tāi-pán
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$da-pe$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàbǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàbǎn
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-pan$^3$
*** Yale: Dà-bǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahbaan
*** Palladius: Дабань (Dabanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ baan$^2$
*** Yale: daaih báan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ baan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ ban$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² paːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tāi-pán
*** Tâi-lô: Tāi-pán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixparn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² pan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ pan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ pan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ pan⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$da-pe$_5$
*** MiniDict: da$^去$ pe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$da-pe$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /da²² pe⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

大阪
* (～市) Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* (～府) Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshu, Japan)
* An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 大阪・大坂, Ōsaka; or of 大阪・大坂, Ōzaka

### Noun

大阪
* (Classical) great hill; great mountain; great slope
    From: 《太平御覽》
    Tiānshuǐ yǒu dàbǎn, míng Lǒng Shān [Pinyin]
    Tianshui has a great hill, called Mount Long.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 阪 |
| おお Grade: 1 | さか Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 大坂 (obsolete)
Compound of 大 (ō, “large, great”) +‎ 阪 (saka, “hill”). The geographical area was historically known as 小坂 (Wosaka → Osaka, literally “little hill”) and was renamed to mean literally a “large hill”.
Originally spelled as 大坂 until the early Meiji period, possibly for some superstitious reason.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おおさか [òósáká] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞ːsa̠ka̠]
* Audio:(file)

#### Proper noun

大(おお)阪(さか) • (Ōsaka)
* a placename, especially:
** Short for 大阪府 (Ōsaka-fu): a prefecture in the 近畿 (Kinki) region of Japan facing the Seto Inland Sea
** Short for 大阪市 (Ōsaka-shi): the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 大(おお)阪(さか)浅(あさ)漬(づ)け (Ōsaka asazuke)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)切(き)り漬(づ)け (Ōsaka kirizuke)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)港(こう) (Ōsaka-kō)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)狭(さ)山(やま) (Ōsakasayama)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)事(じ)件(けん) (Ōsaka jiken)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)城(じょう) (Ōsaka-jō)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)証(しょう)券(けん)取(とり)引(ひき)所(じょ) (Ōsaka shōken torihikijo)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)鮨(ずし) (Ōsaka-zushi)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)相撲(ずもう) (Ōsaka-zumō)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)都(と) (Ōsaka-to)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)撫(なでし)子(こ) (Ōsaka nadeshiko)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)俄(にわか) (Ōsaka niwaka)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)場(ば)所(しょ) (Ōsaka basho)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)平(へい)野(や) (Ōsaka heiya)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)弁(べん) (Ōsaka-ben)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)落(らく)語(ご) (Ōsaka rakugo)
* 大(おお)阪(さか)-湾(わん) (Ōsaka-wan)
* 東(ひがし)大(おお)阪(さか) (Higashiōsaka)

##### Idioms

* 大(おお)阪(さか)の食(く)い倒(だお)れ (Ōsaka no kuidaore)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 阪 |
| おお Grade: 1 | さか > ざか Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
The saka changes to zaka as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ːza̠ka̠]

#### Proper noun

大(おお)阪(ざか) • (Ōzaka)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 大阪 (Ōsaka, placename)
** 2021, Todōfuken zukan [Prefectures picture book], page 88:
    大(おお)阪(さか)府(ふ)の由(ゆ)来(らい)　古( ふる)くは「おさか」「おおざか」とよばれ、「小(お)坂(さか)」「大(おお)坂(ざか)」から明(めい)治(じ)維(い)新(しん)後(ご)に「大(おお)阪(さか)」となった
       Ōsaka-fu no yurai Furuku wa “Osaka” “Ōzaka” to yobare, “Osaka” “Ōzaka” kara Meiji Ishin-go ni “Ōsaka” to natta
       Osaka prefecture origins: Formerly called “Osaka” [with a short o] or “Ōzaka” and written <小坂> or <大坂>, it became <大阪> [Ōsaka] after the Meiji Restoration
* a surname

### Coordinate terms

* 逢(おう)坂(さか) (Ōsaka)
* 難(なに)波(わ) (Naniwa)

### See also

* 阪(はん)神(しん) (Hanshin, “Osaka and Kobe”)
* 京(けい)阪(はん) (Keihan, “Kyoto and Osaka”)

### References

* ↑ 大坂城のはじまり　『大坂城全史――歴史と構造の謎を解く』「はじめに」 - 中村博司
* ↑ 浅井建爾 『日本の地名がわかる事典』 日本実業出版、1998年、→ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN