# -∅
## Translingual
### Suffix

* (linguistic morphology) A representation of the zero suffix.

### See also
## Alutor
### Suffix

* A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect.
    тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)I am drinking tea
    тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)I drank tea
* A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын.
    вала (вала-Ø)"knife"
    ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)"husband"

### References

* Verbal affix: Grammatical sketches from the field with Yukari Nagayama
* Nominal ending: Aspects of the Theory of Morphology By Igor Melčuk

## Estonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.

### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* A zero suffix.
** The genitive singular ending for nominals.

#### Usage notes

Although the original Proto-Finnic suffix becomes silent due to historic sound changes, formation of genitive case remains unpredictable and depends on declension types, although it always ends in a vowel. These include no addition, additions of vowels or sometimes with consonants, syncope, deletion, and also often involves consonant and vowel length gradation. See more at Appendix:Estonian nominal inflection.

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

Unmarked.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-/, [-]

#### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* A zero suffix.
** The nominative singular ending for nominals.
** The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs.
** The positive degree ending for adjectives.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-k.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˣ/, [-(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* The k-lative suffix.

##### Usage notes

Attached to the weak-grade stem.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˣ/, [-(ʔ)] (most moods, dialectally also conditional mood)
* IPA: /-/, [-] (conditional mood)

#### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* The second-person singular imperative ending.
* The connegative ending.

##### Usage notes

Attached to the weak-grade stem.

## German
### Etymology 1

Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.

#### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”)
    Latin catholicus → Katholik (compare Kathole with -e)

##### Declension

See -e.

### Etymology 2

Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”).

#### Suffix

-∅ (not represented in writing)
* used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
    Synonym: (chiefly archaic) -e
    das Haus → dem Haus, (archaic or poetic) dem Hause (but usually with -e in zu Hause and aus dem Hause)

## Hungarian
### Suffix

* (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
** third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)
** (optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs
** at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
*** also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs
** (rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)
** the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns
** (optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged
** the positive degree of adjectives

### See also

* ’ (“symbol of omission”)

## Kalmyk
### Etymology 1

From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.

#### Suffix

* (predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’
    Synonym: болх (bolx)
* (predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix.
    Эн келнә ― En kelnä ― He/she/it says

### Etymology 2

Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

#### Suffix

* Indicates the imperative.
    Кел! ― Kel! ― Speak!

## Mongolian
### Etymology

Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).

### Suffix

* A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c).
    Alternative form: -и (-i)
    Russian ‎фу́нкция (fúnkcija, “function”) + ‎-∅ → ‎Mongolian функц (funkc, “function”)

#### Derived terms
## Russian
### Suffix

* Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:
    ‎кни́га (kníga, “book”) + ‎-∅ → ‎книг (knig, “…of [the] books”)
    ‎ме́сто (mésto, “place”) + ‎-∅ → ‎мест (mest, “…of [the] places”)
* Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)
    ‎выходи́ть (vyxodítʹ, “to exit”) + ‎-∅ → ‎вы́ход (výxod, “exit”)

## Skolt Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-ō.

### Suffix

* Forms result or action nouns from verbs.

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.