# examen
## English
### Etymology

From Latin exāmen (“the tongue of a balance, examination”), for exagmen, from exigere (“to weigh accurately, to treat”): compare French examen. See exact.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪɡˈzeɪ.mən/

### Noun

examen (plural examens)
* (obsolete) examination; inquiry
** July 11, 1780, William Cowper, letter to the Rev. William Unwin
    For this reason I decline answering the question with which you concluded your last, and cannot persuade myself to enter into a critical examen of the two pieces upon Lord Mansfield's loss […]

### References

* “examen”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* axemen

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exāmen. Compare the inherited eixam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əɡˈza.mən]
* IPA: (Valencia) [eɡˈza.men]

### Noun

examen m (plural exàmens)
* exam, test
    Synonym: examinació

#### Derived terms

* examinar

### Further reading

* “examen” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “examen”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “examen” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “examen” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* eksamen (before 1996)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch examen, from Latin exāmen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɛkˈsaː.mə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: exa‧men
* Rhymes: -aːmən

### Noun

examen n (plural examens or examina, diminutive examentje n)
* exam, examination, major test

#### Coordinate terms

* tentamen
* toets

#### Derived terms

* bevorderingsexamen
* eindexamen
* examenkoorts
* examenuitslag
* examineren
* groootambtenaarsexamen
* kerstexamen
* paasexamen
* praktijkexamen
* rijexamen
* schoolexamen
* staatsexamen
* theorie-examen
* toelatingsexamen

#### Related terms

* examinator

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: eksamen
* → Kwinti: exame
* → Papiamentu: èksamen

### Further reading

* “examen” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin exāmen. Doublet of essaim.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛɡ.za.mɛ̃/, /eɡ.za.mɛ̃/ ~ /ɛɡ.za.mɛ̃/
* Audio (France):(file)
* Homophone: examens

### Noun

examen m (plural examens)
* examination, inspection, study, analysis
    examen des pièces à conviction ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    examen de conscience ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    mettre en examen ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    mise en examen ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* exam, test
    examen oral ― oral exam
    examen écrit ― written test
    examen blanc ― mock exam
    examen médical ― medical test
    examen d’admission, examen d’entrée ― entrance examination

#### Related terms

* examiner

### Further reading

* “examen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From *exagmen, ex- (“out”) +‎ agō (“I drive”) +‎ -men (noun-forming suffix, indicating the means, instrument, or result of an action). Compare the meanings again of weighing in Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ξῐος (ắxĭos) of same root.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ekˈsaː.men/, [ɛkˈs̠äːmɛn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ekˈsa.men/, [eɡˈzäːmen]

### Noun

exāmen n (genitive exāminis); third declension
* swarm of bees; crowd
    examen apumA swarm of bees
* tongue of a balance
* a consideration, an examining

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* exāminō

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** → Albanian: shemë
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: insamina
** Italian: sciame
** Sicilian: sciamu
* North Italian:
** Friulian: scuam
** Lombard: sam
** Piedmontese: essam
** Romansch: sem, som
** Venetan: same, samo
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: eixam
** Franco-Provençal: èssem
** French: essaim
** Occitan: eissam
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: xambre, ixambre, jambre, jambriau, ixame, chambre
** Old Galician-Portuguese: eixame
*** Fala: enxami, enxemi, inxami
*** Galician: enxame
*** Portuguese: enxame
** Old Spanish: ensamne
*** Spanish: enjambre
**** → Northern Puebla Nahuatl: jambre
Borrowings:
* → Catalan: examen
* → English: examen
* → French: examen
* → Friulian: esam
* → German: Examen
* → Italian: esame
** → Ido: esamo
* → Middle Dutch: examen
** Dutch: examen, eksamen (before 1996)
*** → Indonesian: eksamen
*** → Kwinti: exame
*** → Papiamentu: èksamen
* → Polish: egzamin
* → Portuguese: exame
* → Romanian: examen
* → Romansch: examen
* → Russian: экзамен (ekzamen)
* → Spanish: examen
* → Swedish: examen
* → Ukrainian: екзамен (ekzamen)
* → Venetan: exame

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “examen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 257

### Further reading

* “examen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “examen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* examen in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* examen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “examen”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “examen”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exāmen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eɡˈza.men]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

examen n (plural examene)
* exam, examination, test

#### Declension
### Further reading

* examen in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Romansch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exāmen.

### Noun

examen m (plural examens)
* exam

#### Derived terms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) examen final, (Puter) examen finel (“final exam”)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) examen da qualificaziun, (Sutsilvan) examen da qualificaziùn (“aptitude test, test of ability, occupational test”)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exāmen. Compare the inherited doublet enjambre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɡˈsamen/ [eɣ̞ˈsa.mẽn]
* Rhymes: -amen
* Syllabification: e‧xa‧men

### Noun

examen m (plural exámenes)
* exam, examination, test
    Synonym: prueba

#### Derived terms

* examen de conciencia
* examen de conducir
* examen de opción múltiple
* examen tipo test

#### Related terms

* examinar

### Further reading

* “examen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exāmen.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

examen c
* exam
* graduation
* degree
    Den sökande bör ha en examen i ekonomi
       The applicant should have a degree in economics.

#### Synonyms

* (exam): examination

#### See also

* studenten
* tentamen