# σταυρός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂u-rós (“pole”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).; see also ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ, “to set up, make stand”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“stake, pole”), English stour (“id”), Swedish stör. Compare also staff.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stau̯.rós/ → /staˈβros/ → /staˈvros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /stau̯.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /stawˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /staˈβros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /staˈvros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /staˈvros/

### Noun

σταυρός • (staurós) m (genitive σταυροῦ); second declension
* upright stake or pile
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.11:σταυροὺς δ’ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθαstauroùs d’ ektòs élasse diamperès éntha kaì énthaOutside he had driven stakes the whole length, this way and that.
* cross, crucifix
** 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 27:40:εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατάβηθι απὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.ei huiòs eî toû theoû, katábēthi apò toû stauroû.If you are the son of God, come down from the cross!

#### Synonyms

* πᾶλος (pâlos)
* σκόλοψ (skólops)
* στᾰ́λῐξ (stắlĭx)
* χᾰ́ρᾰξ (khắrăx)
* βορσός (borsós)(Elean)(Note that this has been attested in the accusative, "βορσόν", and it is the theoretical nominative that would be "βορσός".)

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓νᾰσταυρῐ́ζω (ănăstaurĭ́zō)
* ᾰ̓νᾰσταυρόω (ănăstauróō)
* ᾰ̓νᾰσταύρωσῐς (ănăstaúrōsĭs)
* ᾰ̓ποσταυρόω (ăpostauróō)
* δῐᾰσταυρόω (dĭăstauróō)
* πᾰρᾰσταυρόω (părăstauróō)
* περῐσταυρόω (perĭstauróō)
* περῐσταύρωμᾰ (perĭstaúrōmă)
* προᾰποσταυρόω (proăpostauróō)
* προσσταυρόω (prosstauróō)
* προσταυρόω (prostauróō)
* σταυρῐκός (staurĭkós)
* σταυρῐ́ον (staurĭ́on)
* σταυροειδής (stauroeidḗs)
* σταυροφόρος (staurophóros)
* σταυρόω (stauróō)
* σταύρωμᾰ (staúrōmă)
* σταύρωσῐς (staúrōsĭs)
* στεφᾰνοσταύριον (stephănostaúrion)
* σῠσταυρόομαι (sŭstauróomai)

#### Descendants

* Greek: σταυρός (stavrós)
** → Gagauz: stavroz
** → Turkish: istavroz
* → Coptic: ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (stauros)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391

### Further reading

* “σταυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σταυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* σταυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* σταυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4716 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. cross idem, page 185.pale idem, page 589.paling idem, page 590.pile idem, page 612.post idem, page 629.stake idem, page 809.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

### Pronunciation

|IPA: /staˈvɾos/ |Hyphenation: σταυ‧ρός

### Noun

σταυρός • (stavrós) m (plural σταυροί)
* cross (geometrical figure)
    Επειδή ο παππούς μου είναι αγράμματος, υπογράφει με σταυρό. ― Epeidí o pappoús mou eínai agrámmatos, ypográfei me stavró. ― Since my grandfather is illiterate, he signs with a cross.
* (Christianity) cross, crucifix (cross on which one is crucified; usually refers to the one upon which Jesus Christ died)
    Ο Χριστός πέθανε πάνω στο σταυρό. ― O Christós péthane páno sto stavró. ― Christ died on the cross.
* (figuratively) cross (difficult situation that must be endured)
    Ο καθένας σηκώνει μεγάλο σταυρό. ― O kathénas sikónei megálo stavró. ― Everyone has their own cross to bear.
* (Christianity) cross, crucifix (representation of the crucifixion stake of Christ worn or displayed by Christians)
    Ο αρχιεπίσκοπος φοράει χρυσό σταυρό. ― O archiepískopos foráei chrysó stavró. ― The archbishop is wearing a gold cross.
* (Christianity) sign of the cross (gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross)
    κάνω τον σταυρό μου ― káno ton stavró mou ― I make (the sign of) the cross
* (puppetry) control bar (wooden device used to control marionettes)
* (anatomy, colloquial) glabella (space between the eyebrows and the nose)
* (gymnastics) Iron Cross (maneuver in which both arms are extended straight out from the sides of the body while suspended mid air and holding onto rings)

#### Derived terms

* ασταύρωτος (astávrotos, “not crucified”, adjective)
* Βόρειος σταυρός m (Vóreios stavrós, “Cygnus”) (constellation)
* Ερυθρός Σταυρός m (Erythrós Stavrós, “Red Cross”)
* πλάγιος σταυρός m (plágios stavrós, “saltire, diagonal cross”)
* σταυροδρόμι n (stavrodrómi, “crossroads”)
* σταυρόλεξο n (stavrólexo, “crossword”)
* σταυρόνημα n (stavrónima, “reticle, crosshairs”)
* Σταύρος (Stávros, “Stavros”, name)
* Σταυρός του Νότου m (Stavrós tou Nótou, “Crux, Southern Cross”)
* σταυροφορία f (stavroforía, “crusade”)
* σταυρώνω (stavróno, “to crucify, to cross”)

#### Descendants

* → Gagauz: stavroz
* → Turkish: istavroz

### Further reading

* σταυρός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$