# 振動
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèndòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zan$^3$ dung$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chín-tōng / chín-tǒng / chín-tāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèndòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèndòng
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$-tung$^4$
*** Yale: jèn-dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenndonq
*** Palladius: чжэньдун (čžɛnʹdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$振動 / 振动 震動 / 震动
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zan$^3$ dung$^6$
*** Yale: jan duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzan$^3$ dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zen$^3$ dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐn³³ tʊŋ²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$振動 / 振动 震動 / 震动
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín-tōng
*** Tâi-lô: tsín-tōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cyndong
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín-tǒng
*** Tâi-lô: tsín-tǒng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín-tāng
*** Tâi-lô: tsín-tāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cyndang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyinH duwngX
Rime :
| Character | 振 | 動 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 章刃切 | 徒揔切 |
| Baxter | tsyinH | duwngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪn$^H$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕin$^H$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjen$^H$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cin$^H$/ | /dəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiĕn$^H$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕn$^H$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ĕn$^H$/ | /dʱuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèn | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zan$^3$ | dung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tər-s [Cə-m-]tˤoŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯns doːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 振 | 動 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèn | dòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyin$^H$ › | ‹ duwng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tər-s/ | /*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/ |
| English | shake | move |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 振 | 動 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1366 | 17449 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 | 重 |
| Rime group | 文 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 震 | 動 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯns/ | /*doːŋʔ/ |

#### Verb

振動
* to vibrate; to tremble
* (mechanics) to oscillate

##### Synonyms

* (to vibrate): 抖動／抖动 (dǒudòng), 振 (zhèn)

#### Noun

振動
* vibration; tremor
* (mechanics) oscillation

#### Derived terms

* 受迫振動 / 受迫振动 (shòupò zhèndòng)
* 強迫振動 / 强迫振动 (qiángpò zhèndòng)
* 振動器 / 振动器
* 振動棒 / 振动棒
* 阻尼振動 / 阻尼振动

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 振動(しんどう) (shindō)
* → Korean: 진동(振動) (jindong)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tín-tāng / tín-tǎng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ding$^2$ dang$^6$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tín-tāng
*** Tâi-lô: tín-tāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dyndang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tin⁴²⁻²⁴ taŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tín-tǎng
*** Tâi-lô: tín-tǎng
*** IPA (Philippines): /tin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ding$^2$ dang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tíng tăng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ³⁵/

#### Verb

振動 (Southern Min)
* to move
* to shake

### See also

* 震動／震动 (zhèndòng)

### References

* “Entry #6059”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 振 | 動 |
| しん Grade: S | どう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんどー [shìńdóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩndo̞ː]

### Noun

振(しん)動(どう) • (shindō)
* oscillation, vibration

### Verb

振(しん)動(どう)する • (shindō suru) suru (stem 振(しん)動(どう)し (shindō shi), past 振(しん)動(どう)した (shindō shita))
* oscillate, vibrate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 振動し | しんどうし | shindō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 振動し | しんどうし | shindō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 振動する | しんどうする | shindō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 振動する | しんどうする | shindō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 振動すれ | しんどうすれ | shindō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 振動せよ¹ 振動しろ² | しんどうせよ¹ しんどうしろ² | shindō seyo¹ shindō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 振動される | しんどうされる | shindō sareru |
| Causative | 振動させる 振動さす | しんどうさせる しんどうさす | shindō saseru shindō sasu |
| Potential | 振動できる | しんどうできる | shindō dekiru |
| Volitional | 振動しよう | しんどうしよう | shindō shiyō |
| Negative | 振動しない | しんどうしない | shindō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 振動せず | しんどうせず | shindō sezu |
| Formal | 振動します | しんどうします | shindō shimasu |
| Perfective | 振動した | しんどうした | shindō shita |
| Conjunctive | 振動して | しんどうして | shindō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 振動すれば | しんどうすれば | shindō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 振 | 動 |

### Noun

振動 • (jindong) (hangeul 진동)
* hanja form of 진동 (“vibration”)