# esprit de corps
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French esprit de corps, from esprit (“spirit”) + de (“of”) + corps (“body”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɛˌspɹiː də ˈkɔː/
* (US) IPA: /ɛˌspɹi də ˈkɔɹ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

esprit de corps (uncountable)
* (idiomatic) A shared spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group, for example of a military unit.
** 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 94:“Well done, sister! I honour your esprit du corps. When I am a wife, I mean to be just as staunch myself; and I wish my friends in general would be so too. It would save me many a heartache.”
** 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 5: Lotus Eaters]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 71:Always happening like that. The very moment. Girl in Eustace street hallway Monday was it settling her garter. Her friend covering the display of. Esprit de corps. Well, what are you gaping at?
** 1946 May and June, J. Alan Rannie, “The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine, page 135:Also, much depended on an exceptional esprit de corps which permeated the whole staff, and achieved miracles of promptitude in such details as engine-changing and the marshalling of trains.

#### Synonyms

* (shared spirit): morale, team spirit

#### Translations
### References

* “esprit”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛs.pʁi d(ə) kɔʁ/
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

esprit de corps m (uncountable)
* esprit de corps, spirit of the group, common spirit

#### See also

* esprit de clocher
* esprit d’équipe
* esprit de parti

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French esprit de corps (literally “spirit of the group”).

### Noun

esprit de corps
* esprit de corps, moral, team spirit

### Further reading

* “esprit de corps” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French esprit de corps.

### Noun

esprit de corps c
* (obsolete) esprit de corps
    Synonym: kåranda
** 1819 February 18, Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, “Anteckningar om Wien. Resa från Wien till Breslau. [Notes on Vienna. Journey from Vienna to Breslau.]”, in Bengt Lewan, editor, Minnen från Tyskland och Italien, volume II, published 2002, page 600:Sedan vi åkt förbi tvenne i det mulna vädret rätt sorgligt utseende kyrkogårdar, av vilka den första tillhör militären, – som även efter döden vill bibehålla sin rang och sin esprit de corps […]After we gone past two rather sad-looking cemeteries in the cloudy weather, the first of which belongs to the military, - who even after death want to maintain their rank and their esprit de corps […]
** 1864, Hans Henric Hallbäck, Tolken öfver sista studentexamen, page 12:Bättre tyckes då den unga fanjunkaren bekläda sin plats, ty han ses egna den med odelade uppmärksamhet åt sin svajande fana och i hans sturska, tvärsäkra hållning röjer sig synbarligen något militärisk esprit de corps.It seems better then that the young sergant takes his place, for he is seen owning it with undivided attention to his waving banner, and in his stout, dead certain stance, something of a military esprit de corps is evidently revealed.
** 1999, “Clarence Crafoord - en av seklets stora kirurgiska pionjärer [Clarence Crafoord - one of the great surgical pioneers of the century]”, in Läkartidningen, volume 96, number 21, quoted in Språkbanken, Korp:Där måste ha funnits en esprit de corps utan motstycke.There must have been an esprit de corps unmatched.
** 2011 August 4, “Tommy Möller: Därför blir krishantering avgörande för politiska ledare [Tommy Möller: That's why crisis management becomes crucial for political leaders]”, in Dagens Nyheter:Enligt socialpsykologisk teoribildning utvecklas en särskild typ av kåranda, en esprit de corps, i små grupper av detta slag, där sammanhållningen mellan gruppens medlemmar är stark.According to social psychological theory formation, a special type of team spirit, an esprit de corps, develops in small groups of this kind, where the cohesion between the members of the group is strong.