# perfume
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, perfum. Doublet of parfum.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɜːfjuːm/
* (US) pûr'fyo͞om", IPA: /ˈpɝfjuːm/ or enPR: pər-fyoo͞m', IPA: /pɚˈfjuːm/
* (General American):
   * (noun) IPA: /ˈpɚfjuːm/
   * (verb) IPA: /pɚˈfjuːm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: (US, General American) -uːm

### Noun

perfume (countable and uncountable, plural perfumes)
* A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor
** 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
* (cosmetics) A substance created to provide a pleasant smell or one which emits an agreeable odor.
** 2014 March 7, Nicole Vulser, “Perfume manufacturers must cope with the scarcity of precious supplies”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 13, page 30:The perfume industry is facing a major problem: maintaining constant levels of quality is crucial, but it is increasingly difficult to obtain a regular supply of all the necessary natural ingredients.

#### Synonyms

* (pleasant smell): aroma, fragrance, scent
* (substance providing a pleasant smell): fragrance, parfum, scent

#### Derived terms

* acoustic perfume
* Arizona perfume
* beperfumed
* perfume ball
* perfumed
* perfumelike
* perfumer
* perfumery
* perfumey, perfumy
* perfumier
* unperfumed

#### Related terms

* parfumerie
* parfumier

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

perfume (third-person singular simple present perfumes, present participle perfuming, simple past and past participle perfumed)
* (transitive) To apply perfume to; to fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.

#### Derived terms

* perfumed
* perfumer

#### Translations
### References

* “perfume”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* ↑ “perfume, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2005.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁˈfũ.mi/ [pehˈfũ.mi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁˈfũ.mi/ [pehˈfũ.mi]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /peɾˈfũ.mi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /peʁˈfũ.mi/ [peχˈfũ.mi]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /peɻˈfu.me/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾˈfu.mɨ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ũmi, (Portugal) -umɨ
* Hyphenation: per‧fu‧me

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Occitan perfum.

#### Noun

perfume m (plural perfumes)
* perfume (pleasant smell)
    Synonyms: aroma, cheiro, fragrância
* (cosmetics) perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

perfume
* inflection of perfumar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* ↑ “perfume”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɾˈfume/ [peɾˈfu.me]
* Rhymes: -ume
* Syllabification: per‧fu‧me

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from perfumar.

#### Noun

perfume m (plural perfumes)
* perfume
    Synonyms: olor, aroma, fragancia

##### Related terms

* perfumar
* perfumería
* perfumero
* perfumista

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

perfume
* inflection of perfumar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “perfume”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10