# 酮

| 酮 | U+916E, &#37230; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-916E |
| ← 酭 [U+916D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 酯 → [U+916F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

酮 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一田月一口 (MWBMR), four-corner 1762$_0$, composition ⿰酉同)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39853
* Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3580, character 15
* Unihan data for U+916E

## Chinese

* 酮

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ketone.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/

#### Noun

酮
* (organic chemistry) ketone

#### Compounds

* 丁酮 (dīngtóng)
* 丙酮 (bǐngtóng)
* 呋喃唑酮 (fūnánzuòtóng)
* 壬酮 (réntóng)
* 孕酮 (yùntóng)
* 安眠酮 (ānmiántóng)
* 己酮 (jǐtóng)
* 庚酮 (gēngtóng)
* 戊酮 (wùtóng)
* 木酮糖 (mùtóngtáng)
* 核酮糖 (hétóngtáng)
* 氯胺酮 (lǜ'àntóng)
* 環己酮 / 环己酮 (huánjǐtóng)
* 生酮 (shēngtóng)
* 生酮飲食 / 生酮饮食 (shēngtóng yǐnshí)
* 癸酮 (guǐtóng)
* 睪固酮 / 睾固酮
* 睪酮 / 睾酮 (gāotóng)
* 矽酮 (xītóng)
* 硅酮 (guītóng)
* 米非司酮 (mǐfēisītóng)
* 美沙酮 (měishātóng)
* 苯丙酮 (běnbǐngtóng)
* 苯丙酮尿症 (běnbǐngtóngniàozhèng)
* 薄荷酮 (bòhetóng)
* 赤蘚酮糖 / 赤藓酮糖 (chìxiǎntóngtáng)
* 辛酮 (xīntóng)
* 酮康唑 (tóngkāngzuò)
* 酮病 (tóngbìng)
* 酮糖 (tóngtáng)
* 酮酸 (tóngsuān)
* 酮體 / 酮体 (tóngtǐ)
* 酮體症 / 酮体症
* 醋酮 (cùtóng)
* 醛固酮 (quángùtóng)
* 阿洛酮糖 (āluòtóngtáng)
* 黃酮 / 黄酮 (huángtóng)
* 黃體酮 / 黄体酮 (huángtǐtóng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: duwng
Rime :
| Character | 酮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12457 |
| Phonetic component | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |

##### Definitions

酮
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) koumiss
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) vinegar

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòng (dong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$
*** Yale: dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
*** Palladius: дун (dun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: duwngX
Rime :
| Character | 酮 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒揔切 |
| Baxter | duwngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酮 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12463 |
| Phonetic component | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 動 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋʔ/ |

##### Definitions

酮
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of alcohol, vinegar) to spoil; to go bad

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chóng (chong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chóng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^2$
*** Yale: chúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chorng
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

##### Definitions

酮
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of alcohol) to become sour