# 曖

| 曖 | U+66D6, &#26326; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66D6 |
| ← 曕 [U+66D5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曗 → [U+66D7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日月月水 (ABBE), four-corner 6204$_7$, composition ⿰日愛)
* obscure, dim, ambiguous, vague

#### Derived characters

* 𭌥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14206
* Dae Jaweon: page 871, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1538, character 17
* Unihan data for U+66D6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 愛 | *qɯːds |
| 曖 | *qɯːds, *qaːds |
| 僾 | *qɯːds, *qɯlʔ |
| 靉 | *qɯːds, *qɯlʔ |
| 薆 | *qɯːds |
| 璦 | *qɯːds |
| 瞹 | *qaːds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːds, *qaːds): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ài (ai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ain$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$e
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Yale: ói / oi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ái
*** Sinological IPA : /ɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
*** Tâi-lô: ài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ain$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ãĩ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$e
*** MiniDict: e$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$e
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'ajH, 'ojH
Rime :
| Character | 曖 | 曖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 於蓋切 | 烏代切 |
| Baxter | 'ajH | 'ojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑi$^H$/ | /ʔʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑi$^H$/ | /ʔəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑi$^H$/ | /ʔɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaj$^H$/ | /ʔəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑi$^H$/ | /ʔᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑi$^H$/ | /ɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔɑi$^H$/ | /ʔɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ài | ài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | oi$^3$ | oi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːds/, /*qaːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曖 | 曖 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2 | 8 |
| Phonetic component | 愛 | 愛 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愛 | 藹 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯːds/ | /*qaːds/ |

### Definitions

曖
* (literary, of daylight) dim; hazy
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) obscure; hidden

### Compounds

* 堙曖 / 堙暧
* 曖昧 / 暧昧 (àimèi)
* 曖曖 / 暧暧 (ài'ài)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dark, not clear

#### Readings

* Go-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)、お (o)
* Kan-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)
* Kun: くらい (kurai, 曖い)、おおう (ōu, 曖う)、かげる (kageru, 曖る)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曖 (MC 'ajH|'ojH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: qóy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄋᆡ (Yale: oy) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛ(ː)] ~ [e̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [애(ː)/에(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 曖 (eumhun 희미할 애 (huimihal ae))
* hanja form of 애 (“dim”)

#### Compounds

* 애매 (曖昧, aemae, “ambiguity; obscurity”)
* 애매모호 (曖昧模糊, aemaemoho, “obscurity”)
* 애매성 (曖昧性, aemaeseong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曖: Hán Nôm readings: áy
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.