# कृष्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* कर्ष् (karṣ)
* कष् (kaṣ)

### Alternative scripts

* কৃষ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬺᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
* কৃষ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰴𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀾𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ကၖၑ် (Burmese script)
* કૃષ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਕ੍ਰਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍃𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦽꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑃂𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಕೃಷ್ (Kannada script)
* ក្ឫឞ៑ (Khmer script)
* ກ຺ຣິຩ຺ (Lao script)
* കൃഷ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᡵᡳᢢ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘵𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠷᠢᢔ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧖𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐺𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
* କୃଷ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢺꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆸𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖴𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
* කෘෂ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩙𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
* க்ரிஷ் (Tamil script)
* కృష్ (Telugu script)
* กฺฤษฺ (Thai script)
* ཀྲྀ་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒵𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *karš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷels- (“to pull, drag, turn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kr̩ʂ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kr̩ʂ/

### Root

कृष् • (kṛṣ)
* to draw, pull, drag
* to lead or conduct (as an army)
* to bend (a bow)
* to draw into one’s power, become master of, overpower
* to obtain; to take away anything
* to draw or make furrows, plough
* to tear out
* to travel over
* to pull to and fro; to cause pain, torture, torment

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* कर्षति (kárṣati, Present)
* कृषति (kṛṣáti, Present)
* क्रक्ष्यति (krakṣyáti, Future)
* कर्क्ष्यति (karkṣyáti, Future)
* क्रष्टा (kraṣṭā́, Periphrastic Future)
* कर्ष्टा (karṣṭā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अकार्क्षीत् (ákārkṣīt, Aorist)
* अक्राक्षीत् (ákrākṣīt, Aorist)
* अकृक्षत् (ákṛkṣat, Aorist)
* चकर्ष (cakárṣa, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* कृष्यते (kṛṣyáte, Passive)
* अकर्षि (ákarṣi, Passive)
* कर्षयति (karṣáyati, Causative)
* अचीकृषत् (ácīkṛṣat, Causative)
* चिकृक्षति (cikṛkṣati, Desiderative)
* चरीकृष्यते (carīkṛṣyate, Intensive)
* चरीकृषीति (carīkṛṣīti, Intensive)
* चर्कृषति (cárkṛṣati, Intensive)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* कृष्ट (kṛṣṭá, Past Participle)
* कर्षित (karṣitá, Past Participle)
* क्रष्टुम् (kráṣṭum, Infinitive)
* कृष्ट्वा (kṛṣṭvā́, Gerund)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* कृष (kṛṣa)
* कृषक (kṛṣaka)
* कृषाण (kṛṣāṇa)
* कृषायु (kṛṣāyu)
* कृषि (kṛṣi)
* कृषिक (kṛṣika)
* कृषी (kṛṣī)
* कृषीवल (kṛṣīvala)
* कृष्टि (kṛṣṭi)
* कर्ष (karṣa)
* कर्षण (karṣaṇa)
* कर्षक (karṣaka)
* कर्षणि (karṣaṇi)
* कर्षणीय (karṣaṇīya)
* कर्षित (karṣita)
* कर्षिण् (karṣiṇ)
* कर्षू (karṣū́)

##### Prefixed Root Forms

* आकृष् (ākṛṣ)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कृष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0306/1.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कृष्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 023
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कृष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 319-20
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 241-3
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “639”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 639