# 眾

| 眾 | U+773E, &#30526; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-773E |
| ← 眽 [U+773D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 眿 → [U+773F] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 眾 |
| Simplified | 众 |
| Japanese | 衆 |
| Korean | 衆 |

### Han character

眾 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田中人人人 (WLOOO), four-corner 2723$_2$, composition ⿱罒⿲人亻人)

#### Derived characters

* 潀, 𨖙, 𬌎, 𩅉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 807, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23321
* Dae Jaweon: page 1223, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2917, character 4
* Unihan data for U+773E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 眾 :
| Shang | Western Zhou |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
| | Old Chinese |
| 潨 | *zloːŋ, *zluːŋ, *tjuŋ |
| 眾 | *tjuŋ, *tjuŋs |
Pictogram (象形): a sun (日) above three humans (㐺) – people gathered or working under the sun.
The top, originally 日 (“sun”) in oracle script has been modified, in bronze script resembling instead a horizontal eye (early form of 目) – reinterpreted as “a crowd under someone’s gaze”, and now resembles 罒.
The bottom, originally three figures (人人人), uses various forms of 人 and 亻, with variation depending on font.

### Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-toŋ (“thousand”) (Peiros and Starostin, 1996; STEDT); if so, cognate with Tibetan སྟོང (stong, “thousand”), Burmese ထောင် (htaung, “thousand”), Drung tu (“thousand”), Nuosu ꄙ (dur, “thousand”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Classical Tibetan [script needed] (yong, “in all, at all times, ever before”) and Tibetan ཡོངས (yongs, “all, whole”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhòng (zhong$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zung$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zung$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zung$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ce̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cé̤ṳng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zoeng$^4$ / zyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chèng / chiòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tson
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòng
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^4$
*** Yale: jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zong$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^3$
*** Yale: jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chung
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ce̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœyŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cé̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡søyŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zoeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiòng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
* chèng - vernacular;
* chiòng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 眾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之仲切 |
| Baxter | tsyuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tuŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 眾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tuŋ-s/ |
| English | numerous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 眾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17491 |
| Phonetic component | 衆 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 衆 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjuŋs/ |
| Notes | 甲文象日下三人， 金文或改目下， 表衆人在監督下勞作 |

#### Definitions

眾
* masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) everything; all matters
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) all the government officials
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soldier; army; troops
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) slave labour in agriculture
* (Buddhism) number of monks
* many; numerous
    Synonyms: 多, 許多 / 许多 (xǔduō)
    Antonym: 寡 (guǎ)
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 啟示錄 (Revelation) 7:11
    Zhòng tiānshǐ dōu zhàn zài bǎozuò hé zhòng zhǎnglǎo bìng sì huówù de zhōuwéi, zài bǎozuò qián, miàn fú yú dì, jìngbài Shén [Pinyin]
    And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshipped God
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Guǎng tǔ zhòng mín, jūnzǐ yù zhī, suǒ yuè bù cún yān.” [Pinyin]
    Mencius said, 'Wide territory and a numerous people are desired by the superior man, but what he delights in is not here.'
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) majority
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    yù zhàn zhě kě wèi zhòng yǐ [Pinyin]
    Those who desire to fight can be said to form the majority.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) various; different
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) general; common
* 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "legion" (𝌥)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一不扭眾 / 一不扭众
* 一不拗眾 / 一不拗众
* 一傅眾咻 / 一傅众咻
* 一切眾生 / 一切众生
* 一眾 / 一众
* 不負眾望 / 不负众望 (bùfù-zhòngwàng)
* 人多勢眾 / 人多势众 (rénduōshìzhòng)
* 人才出眾 / 人才出众
* 人眾勝天 / 人众胜天
* 以寡擊眾 / 以寡击众
* 以寡敵眾 / 以寡敌众
* 以少克眾 / 以少克众
* 以眾克寡 / 以众克寡
* 伏眾 / 伏众
* 公眾 / 公众 (gōngzhòng)
* 公眾人物 / 公众人物 (gōngzhòng rénwù)
* 公眾傳播 / 公众传播
* 公眾參與 / 公众参与
* 公眾衛生 / 公众卫生
* 出眾 / 出众 (chūzhòng)
* 力排眾議 / 力排众议 (lìpáizhòngyì)
* 動眾勞師 / 动众劳师
* 勞師動眾 / 劳师动众 (láoshīdòngzhòng)
* 博施濟眾 / 博施济众
* 各眾 / 各众
* 合眾國 / 合众国 (hézhòngguó)
* 四眾 / 四众 (sì zhòng)
* 大庭廣眾 / 大庭广众 (dàtíngguǎngzhòng)
* 大眾 / 大众 (dàzhòng)
* 大眾傳播 / 大众传播 (dàzhòng chuánbō)
* 大眾公司 / 大众公司
* 大眾化 / 大众化 (dàzhònghuà)
* 大眾媒介 / 大众媒介
* 大眾文化 / 大众文化 (dàzhòng wénhuà)
* 大眾文學 / 大众文学
* 大眾社會 / 大众社会
* 大眾語 / 大众语
* 大眾運輸 / 大众运输
* 大眾部 / 大众部
* 妖術惑眾 / 妖术惑众
* 妖言惑眾 / 妖言惑众 (yāoyánhuòzhòng)
* 孚眾望 / 孚众望
* 安民恤眾 / 安民恤众 (ānmínxùzhòng)
* 寡不敵眾 / 寡不敌众 (guǎbùdízhòng)
* 小眾藝術 / 小众艺术
* 幾眾 / 几众
* 廣土眾民 / 广土众民 (guǎngtǔzhòngmín)
* 廣庭大眾 / 广庭大众
* 廣眾 / 广众 (guǎngzhòng)
* 廣眾大庭 / 广众大庭
* 彼眾我寡 / 彼众我寡 (bǐzhòngwǒguǎ)
* 徒眾 / 徒众 (túzhòng)
* 惑眾 / 惑众 (huòzhòng)
* 懲一儆眾 / 惩一儆众
* 截斷眾流 / 截断众流
* 敵眾我寡 / 敌众我寡 (dízhòngwǒguǎ)
* 斬首示眾 / 斩首示众
* 普度眾生 / 普度众生
* 普渡眾生 / 普渡众生
* 普濟眾生 / 普济众生
* 會眾 / 会众 (huìzhòng)
* 朝眾 / 朝众
* 梵眾 / 梵众
* 構詞惑眾 / 构词惑众
* 比眾不同 / 比众不同
* 民眾 / 民众 (mínzhòng)
* 民眾教育 / 民众教育
* 民眾運動 / 民众运动
* 法不責眾 / 法不责众 (fǎbùzézhòng)
* 流言惑眾 / 流言惑众
* 烏合之眾 / 乌合之众 (wūhézhīzhòng)
* 獨排眾議 / 独排众议 (dúpáizhòngyì)
* 當眾 / 当众 (dāngzhòng)
* 百萬之眾 / 百万之众
* 眾人 / 众人 (zhòngrén)
* 眾位 / 众位 (zhòngwèi)
* 眾叛親離 / 众叛亲离 (zhòngpànqīnlí)
* 眾口一詞 / 众口一词 (zhòngkǒuyīcí)
* 眾口交攻 / 众口交攻
* 眾口交薦 / 众口交荐
* 眾口交譽 / 众口交誉
* 眾口同聲 / 众口同声
* 眾口如一 / 众口如一
* 眾口熏天
* 眾口稱善 / 众口称善
* 眾口紛紜 / 众口纷纭
* 眾口鑠金 / 众口铄金 (zhòngkǒushuòjīn)
* 眾口難調 / 众口难调
* 眾喣漂山 / 众喣漂山
* 眾喣飄山 / 众喣飘山
* 眾多 / 众多 (zhòngduō)
* 眾寡 / 众寡
* 眾寡不敵 / 众寡不敌
* 眾寡勢殊 / 众寡势殊
* 眾寡懸殊 / 众寡悬殊
* 眾寡莫敵 / 众寡莫敌
* 眾寡難敵 / 众寡难敌
* 眾少不敵 / 众少不敌
* 眾少成多 / 众少成多
* 眾川赴海 / 众川赴海
* 眾庶 / 众庶 (zhòngshù)
* 眾心如城 / 众心如城
* 眾心成城 / 众心成城
* 眾志成城 / 众志成城 (zhòngzhìchéngchéng)
* 眾怒 / 众怒 (zhòngnù)
* 眾怒難任 / 众怒难任
* 眾怒難犯 / 众怒难犯
* 眾所周知 / 众所周知 (zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī)
* 眾所熟知 / 众所熟知
* 眾所瞻望 / 众所瞻望
* 眾所矚目 / 众所瞩目
* 眾擎易舉 / 众擎易举
* 眾散親離 / 众散亲离
* 眾星拱北 / 众星拱北
* 眾星拱月 / 众星拱月 (zhòngxīnggǒngyuè)
* 眾星拱辰 / 众星拱辰
* 眾星捧月 / 众星捧月
* 眾望 / 众望 (zhòngwàng)
* 眾望所依 / 众望所依
* 眾望所歸 / 众望所归 (zhòngwàngsuǒguī)
* 眾望所積 / 众望所积
* 眾望攸歸 / 众望攸归
* 眾望有歸 / 众望有归
* 眾毀所歸 / 众毁所归
* 眾毛攢裘 / 众毛攒裘
* 眾生 / 众生 (zhòngshēng)
* 眾生相 / 众生相 (zhòngshēngxiàng)
* 眾目共睹 / 众目共睹
* 眾目共視 / 众目共视
* 眾目具瞻 / 众目具瞻
* 眾目所歸 / 众目所归
* 眾目昭彰 / 众目昭彰
* 眾目睽睽 / 众目睽睽 (zhòngmùkuíkuí)
* 眾盲摸象 / 众盲摸象 (zhòngmángmōxiàng)
* 眾矢之的 / 众矢之的 (zhòngshǐzhīdì)
* 眾說 / 众说 (zhòngshuō)
* 眾說紛紜 / 众说纷纭 (zhòngshuōfēnyún)
* 眾論 / 众论 (zhònglùn)
* 眾議 / 众议 (zhòngyì)
* 眾議成林 / 众议成林
* 眾議院 / 众议院 (zhòngyìyuàn)
* 眾醉獨醒 / 众醉独醒
* 示眾 / 示众 (shìzhòng)
* 萬眾一心 / 万众一心 (wànzhòngyīxīn)
* 稠人廣眾 / 稠人广众
* 糾眾 / 纠众
* 群眾 / 群众 (qúnzhòng)
* 群眾心理 / 群众心理
* 群眾路線 / 群众路线 (qúnzhòng lùxiàn)
* 群眾運動 / 群众运动 (qúnzhòng yùndòng)
* 群眾關係 / 群众关系
* 聚眾 / 聚众 (jùzhòng)
* 聚眾滋事 / 聚众滋事
* 聽眾 / 听众 (tīngzhòng)
* 與眾不同 / 与众不同 (yǔzhòngbùtóng)
* 興兵動眾 / 兴兵动众
* 興師動眾 / 兴师动众 (xīngshīdòngzhòng)
* 舉眾 / 举众
* 芸芸眾生 / 芸芸众生 (yúnyúnzhòngshēng)
* 行師動眾 / 行师动众
* 行軍動眾 / 行军动众
* 親離眾叛 / 亲离众叛
* 觀眾 / 观众 (guānzhòng)
* 訛言惑眾 / 讹言惑众
* 謠言惑眾 / 谣言惑众
* 譁眾取寵 / 哗众取宠 (huázhòngqǔchǒng)
* 警眾 / 警众
* 起兵動眾 / 起兵动众
* 起師動眾 / 起师动众
* 超群出眾 / 超群出众
* 身先士眾 / 身先士众
* 逞己失眾 / 逞己失众
* 造言惑眾 / 造言惑众
* 造謠惑眾 / 造谣惑众 (zàoyáo huòzhòng)
* 部眾 / 部众 (bùzhòng)
* 餘眾 / 余众 (yúzhòng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 衆(しゅう) (shū)
* → Vietnamese: chúng (眾)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuwng
Rime :
| Character | 眾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職戎切 |
| Baxter | tsyuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 眾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17489 |
| Phonetic component | 衆 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 終 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjuŋ/ |

#### Definitions

眾
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) glutinous millet

### References

* “眾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “众”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 311.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Alternative form of 衆

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)、す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: おおい (ōi, 眾い)
* Nanori: とも (tomo)、ひろ (hiro)、もり (mori)、もろ (moro)

## Korean
### Hanja

眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

眾: Hán Nôm readings: chúng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.