# 笙

| 笙 | U+7B19, &#31513; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B19 |
| ← 笘 [U+7B18] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 笚 → [U+7B1A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

笙 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹手一 (HHQM), four-corner 8810$_4$, composition ⿱𥫗生)
* a sheng; a hand-held free-reed mouth organ made from a dried gourd and 13 or more bamboo pipes

#### Derived characters

* 𪡾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25913
* Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 6
* Unihan data for U+7B19

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēng (sheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sên
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sên$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$
*** Yale: shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
*** Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Yale: sāang / sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sang$^1$ / seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
*** Tâi-lô: sng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
*** Tâi-lô: sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sen
*** MiniDict: sen$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: sraeng
Rime :
| Character | 笙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 |
| Baxter | sraeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 笙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11314 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ |

### Definitions

笙
* (music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)

#### See also

* 樦 (zhù)

### Compounds

* 玉帛笙歌
* 笙歌 (shēnggē)
* 笙歌匝地
* 笙歌鼎沸
* 笙磬同音
* 笙簧 (shēnghuáng)
* 笙詩 / 笙诗
* 葫蘆笙 / 葫芦笙 (húlúshēng)
* 蘆笙 / 芦笙 (lúshēng)
* 鳳笙 / 凤笙

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 笙(しょう) (shō); 笙(そう) (sō)

### References

* “笙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kan’yō-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: ふえ (fue, 笙)

#### Compounds

* 蘆笙(ろしょう) (roshō)
* 笙歌(せいか) (seika)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 笙
* しょう Jinmeiyō
* goon
/ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 笙 (MC sraeng). The goon reading, so likely the original reading as first borrowed from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Mandarin 笙 (shēng).
The shō was developed from the Chinese shēng that was introduced to Japan during the Nara period.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

笙(しょう) • (shō)
* a free-reed woodwind musical instrument used in Japanese court music, consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe
    Synonym: 鳳管 (hōkan)

##### Derived terms

* 笙(しょう)の笛(ふえ) (shō no fue, “type of simplified sho used as a toy”)
* 笙歌(しょうか) (shōka, “singing to a sho accompaniment; to sing to a sho accompaniment; song sung to a sho accompaniment”)
* 笙(しょうの)岩(いわ)屋(や), 笙(しょうの)窟(いわや) (Shō no Iwaya, “cave and pilgrimage destination in central Nara Prefecture”)
* 鳳笙(ほうしょう) (hōshō, “sho”)

##### Descendants

* → English: sho

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 笙
* そう Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/
From Middle Chinese 笙 (MC sraeng). The kan'on, so likely a historically later reading.
Compare modern Cantonese 笙 (saang1, sang1).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞ː]

#### Noun

笙(そう) • (sō)
* (obsolete) a free-reed woodwind musical instrument consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe

### See also

* Gagaku on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

笙 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 笙簧

## Vietnamese
### Han character

笙: Hán Nôm readings: sanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.