# 切る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 切
* き Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 斬る 伐る 截る

### Etymology

⟨ki$_1$ru⟩ → */kjiru/ → /kiru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kiru. Cognate with Miyako 切 (きぃー, ksïï), Okinawan 切ーん (ちーん, chīn), Yaeyama 切すん (きぃすん, kïsun).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きる [kíꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲiɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「切る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 切る | きる | [kíꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 切れ | きれ | [kíꜜrè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 切られる | きられる | [kìráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 切らせる | きらせる | [kìráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 切れる | きれる | [kìréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 切ろう | きろー | [kìróꜜò] |
| Negative | 切らない | きらない | [kìráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 切らなかった | きらなかった | [kìráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 切ります | きります | [kìrímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 切った | きった | [kíꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 切って | きって | [kíꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切れば | きれば | [kíꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

切(き)る • (kiru) godan (stem 切(き)り (kiri), past 切(き)った (kitta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 切る |
| mediopassive | 切れる |
* to cut, to slice, to carve
    野(や)菜(さい)の切(き)り方(かた)
       yasai no kiri-kata
       how to cut vegetables
* cut down, fell, chop down
    木(き)を切(き)る
       ki o kiru
       to cut down a tree
* prune, trim, shear
* cut flat things such as cloth or paper
    紙(かみ)をきれいに切(き)る
       kami o kirei ni kiru
       to cut paper nicely
* cut a person with a sword, cut down, kill
* separate from the main body, cut off, break away
* perform an action as if by cutting
* discontinue an action, cut off, break off, turn off, hang up
    電源(でんげん)を切(き)る
       dengen o kiru
       to cut off power → to power off
    電話(でんわ)を切(き)る
       denwa o kiru
       to hang up the phone
* cut or sever connection with
* cut off or divide by or as if by partition
* perform an action boldly
* go under, be less than (numerically)
    Synonym: 下回る (shitamawaru)
    1時間(いちじかん)を切(き)る
       ichi-jikan o kiru
       to be under one hour
* to remove; to run out
    湯(ゆ)切(き)り
       yukiri
       draining of hot water
    髪(かみ)の水気(みずけ)を切(き)る
       kami no mizuke o kiru
       to remove the moisture from the hair

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 切ら | きら | kira |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 切り | きり | kiri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 切る | きる | kiru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 切る | きる | kiru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 切れ | きれ | kire |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 切れ | きれ | kire |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 切られる | きられる | kirareru |
| Causative | 切らせる 切らす | きらせる きらす | kiraseru kirasu |
| Potential | 切れる | きれる | kireru |
| Volitional | 切ろう | きろう | kirō |
| Negative | 切らない | きらない | kiranai |
| Negative continuative | 切らず | きらず | kirazu |
| Formal | 切ります | きります | kirimasu |
| Perfective | 切った | きった | kitta |
| Conjunctive | 切って | きって | kitte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切れば | きれば | kireba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 切ら | きら | kira |
| Continuative (連用形) | 切り | きり | kiri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 切る | きる | kiru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 切る | きる | kiru |
| Realis (已然形) | 切れ | きれ | kire |
| Imperative (命令形) | 切れ | きれ | kire |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 切らず | きらず | kirazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 切れど | きれど | kiredo |
| Causal conjunction | 切れば | きれば | kireba |
| Conditional conjunction | 切らば | きらば | kiraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 切りき | きりき | kiriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 切りけり | きりけり | kirikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 切りつ | きりつ | kiritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 切りぬ | きりぬ | kirinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 切れり 切りたり | きれり きりたり | kireri kiritari |
| Volitional | 切らむ | きらむ | kiramu |

#### Synonyms

* (cut): 断(た)つ (tatsu)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “cut”): 繋(つな)ぐ (tsunagu, “connect”), 結(むす)ぶ (musubu, “tie”)
* (antonym(s) of “go under numerically”): 超(こ)える (koeru, “go over”)

#### Derived terms

* 裏切る (uragiru): betray, double-cross
* 区切る, 句切る (kugiru): punctuate, cut off
* 仕切る (shikiru): partition, divide
* 千切る (chigiru): cut up fine, pick
* 値切る (negiru): drive a bargain, haggle
* 封切る (fūkiru, fūgiru): release
* 間切る (magiru): plow through
* 見切る (mikiru): see everything, abandon
* 横切る (yokogiru): cross, traverse
* 打ち切る, 打切る (uchikiru): stop, terminate, abort
* 買い切る (kaikiru): buy up
* 掻き切る, かき切る (kakikiru): cut, slit
* 貸し切る (kashikiru): reserve, charter
* 掻っ切る (kakkiru): cut, slit
* 噛み切る, かみ切る (kamikiru): bite off, gnaw through
* 借り切る (karikiru): reserve
* 食い切る (kuikiru): bite through, eat up
* 困り切る (komarikiru): be greatly perplexed
* 締め切る 閉め切る (shimekiru): close up, shut up
* 澄み切る (sumikiru): be serene
* 擦り切る, 摩り切る, 擦切る (surikiru): cut by rubbing, wear out
* 叩き切る, たたき切る (tatakikiru): mangle, hack down
* 立て切る (tatekiru): close tight
* 突っ切る (tsukkiru): cross, go across
* 詰め切る, 詰切る (tsumekiru): be or remain always on hand
* 取り切る, 取切る (torikiru): take completely, block off
* 苦り切る (nigarikiru): look disgusted
* 逃げ切る (nigekiru): get away, manage to hold on
* 捩じ切る, 捩切る (nejikiru): twist off
* 乗っ切る (nokkiru): (archaic) overcome, get through
* 乗り切る (norikiru): weather, get over
* 剪み切る, 挟み切る (hasamikiru): nip off, snip
* 払い切る (haraikiru): pay off completely
* 踏み切る (fumikiru): make a bold start, take a plunge
* 振り切る (furikiru): shake off, shake free from
* 守り切る (mamorikiru): hold on to something
* 持ち切る (mochikiru): hold all the while
* 焼き切る (yakikiru): burn off
* 寄り切る (yorikiru): (sumo) force someone out of the ring
* 割り切る, 割切る (warikiru): divide without residue, solve, comprehend
* 押し切る, 押切る (oshikiru): face down the opposition
* 思い切る (omoikiru): give up all thoughts of, abandon
* 噛み切る, かみ切る (kamikiru): bite off, gnaw through
* 断ち切る, 断切る, 截ち切る, 裁ち切る (tachikiru): cut apart
* ちょん切る (chongiru): chop something off
* ぶった切る, 打った切る, 打っ手切る (buttagiru): chop
* 息急き切る, 息せき切る (ikisekikiru): pant, gasp
* 取り仕切る, 取仕切る (torishikiru): run or operate a business
* 打っ千切る (butchigiru): win by a wide margin
* 食い千切る (kuichigiru): bite off
* 角に切る (kaku ni kiru): cut into squares
* 縁を切る (en o kiru): get a divorce, sever connections
* 風を切る (kaze o kiru): go flying along
* 首を切る (kubi o kiru): decapitate, dismiss, fire from a job
* 句を切る (ku o kiru): punctuate a sentence
* 芯を切る (shin o kiru): trim a wick
* 手を切る (te o kiru): cut off a relationship
* 波を切る (nami o kiru): cut one's way through the waves
* 封を切る (fū o kiru): break the seal
* 髪を切る, 髮を切る (kami o kiru): cut hair
* しらを切る, 白を切る (shira o kiru): feign ignorance
* せきを切る, 堰を切る, 関を切る (seki o kiru): break a dam and gush forth
* 切符を切る (kippu o kiru): punch a ticket
* 口火を切る (kuchibi o kiru): start a conversation
* 十字を切る (jūji o kiru): make the sign of the cross
* 啖呵を切る (tanka o kiru): speak sharply
* 手刀を切る (tegatana o kiru): (sumo) make ceremonial hand movement
* 電源を切る (dengen o kiru): turn off power
* 電話を切る (denwa o kiru): hang up a telephone
* 見得を切る (mie o kiru): assume a posture, pose
* 身銭を切る (mizeni o kiru): use one's own money
* 火蓋を切る (hibuta o kiru): start
* 自腹を切る (jibara o kiru): pay for with your own money
* シャッターを切る (shattā o kiru): release a camera shutter
* スタートを切る (sutāto o kiru): make a start
* テープを切る (tēpu o kiru): breast the tape
* パーティションを切る (pātishon o kiru): (comp) partition
* メンチを切る (menchi o kiru): stare at, glare at
* 大見得を切る (ōmie o kiru): declare impressively
* 肩で風を切る (kata de kaze o kiru): swagger about
* 大根を繊に切る (daikon o sen ni kiru): cut a radish into fine strips

#### Related terms

* 伐る (kiru): cut down
* 剪る (kiru): cut
* 截る (kiru): cut
* 斬る (kiru): kill

### Suffix

切(き)る • (-kiru)
* finish, be through
* perform an action thoroughly or decisively

#### Derived terms

* 出切る (dekiru): be out of, have no more at hand
* 言い切る (iikiru): declare, assert
* 売り切る (urikiru): sell out, sell off
* 出し切る (dashikiru): use up, do one's best
* 使い切る, 遣い切る (tsukaikiru): use up, exhaust
* 疲れ切る (tsukarekiru): be exhausted, be tired out
* 付き切る (tsukikiru): be in constant attendance
* 張り切る (harikiru): be in high spirits, be full of vigor
* 冷え切る (hiekiru): become completely chilled
* やり切る (yarikiru): complete decisively, do to completion
* 読み切る (yomikiru): finish reading, read through
* 弱り切る (yowarikiru): faint, be exhausted
* 成り切る (narikiru): turn completely into, become completely
* 割り切る (warikiru): divide without a remainder
* 分かり切る, 分り切る (wakarikiru): be evident, be obvious
* 跡切る (togiru)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN