# 小說
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiǎoshuō
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu$^2$ syut$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau$^2$ sot$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): séu-sot
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiau$^3$ sod$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siēu-siók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sió-soat / siáu-soat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siou$^2$ suêh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiau-seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuo
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-shuo$^1$
*** Yale: syǎu-shwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuo
*** Palladius: сяошо (sjaošo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuōr
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuor
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-shuo$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syǎu-shwōr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuol
*** Palladius: сяошор (sjaošor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɔː⁵¹ fə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ syut$^3$
*** Yale: síu syut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ syt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ xud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ syːt̚³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$小說 / 小说 小雪
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiau$^2$ sot$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiau⁵⁵ sᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-sot
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu$^ˋ$ sod$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^3$ sod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ sot̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiau$^3$ sod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau³¹ sɔt̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-siók
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$luɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-soat
*** Tâi-lô: sió-suat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioysoad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-soat
*** Tâi-lô: siáu-suat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siawsoad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siou$^2$ suêh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sióu sueh
*** Sinological IPA : /siou⁵²⁻³⁵ sueʔ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shiau-seq
*** MiniDict: shiau$^去$ seh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xiau-seq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ³³ səʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjewX sywet
Rime :
| Character | 小 | 說 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 失爇切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | sywet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu$^X$/ | /ɕiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu$^X$/ | /ɕʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu$^X$/ | /ɕjuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw$^X$/ | /ɕwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu$^X$/ | /ɕiuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu$^X$/ | /ɕĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu$^X$/ | /ɕi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo | shuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^2$ | syut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ l̥ot/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ hljod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 小 | 說 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎo | shuō |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew$^X$ › | ‹ sywet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ewʔ/ | /*l̥ot/ |
| English | small | speak, explain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 小 | 說 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| No. | 13705 | 2571 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 兑 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 小 | 說 |
| Old Chinese | /*smewʔ/ | /*hljod/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 | |

#### Noun

小說
* (literature) fiction (including novels, novellas, short stories and flash fiction) (Classifier: 本; 部)
    一本小說／一本小说 ― yī běn xiǎoshuō ― a work of fiction
    通俗小說／通俗小说 ― tōngsú xiǎoshuō ― popular fiction
       Zhè bù diànyǐng gǎibiān zì zhùmíng de tóngmíng xiǎoshuō. [Pinyin]
       The film is adapted from the well-known novel of the same name.
       Wǒ cónglái méiyǒu xiǎngdào tā shì nà běn xiǎoshuō de zuòzhě. [Pinyin]
       It never occurred to me that he was the author of that novel.
       Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò. [Pinyin]
       The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.
* (literary) petty words
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Shì xiǎoshuō yǐ gān xuánlìng, qí yú dàdá yì yuǎn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Those who dress up their small tales to obtain favour with the magistrates are far from being men of great understanding
* (literary) miscellaneous book (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Derived terms

* 中短篇小說 / 中短篇小说 (zhōngduǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
* 中篇小說 / 中篇小说 (zhōngpiān xiǎoshuō)
* 京本通俗小說 / 京本通俗小说
* 偵探小說 / 侦探小说
* 反寫實小說 / 反写实小说
* 古今小說 / 古今小说
* 古典小說 / 古典小说
* 同人小說 / 同人小说 (tóngrén xiǎoshuō)
* 圖像小說 / 图像小说 (túxiàng xiǎoshuō)
* 報告小說 / 报告小说
* 大河小說 / 大河小说
* 小小說 / 小小说
* 小說家 / 小说家 (xiǎoshuōjiā)
* 小說集 / 小说集 (xiǎoshuōjí)
* 微小說 / 微小说 (wēixiǎoshuō)
* 志怪小說 / 志怪小说
* 恐怖小說 / 恐怖小说
* 推理小說 / 推理小说
* 攝影小說 / 摄影小说
* 教育小說 / 教育小说
* 武俠小說 / 武侠小说
* 歷史小說 / 历史小说 (lìshǐ xiǎoshuō)
* 白話小說 / 白话小说
* 短篇小說 / 短篇小说 (duǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
* 視覺小說 / 视觉小说 (shìjué xiǎoshuō)
* 科幻小說 / 科幻小说
* 稗官小說 / 稗官小说 (bàiguānxiǎoshuō)
* 筆記小說 / 笔记小说
* 翻譯小說 / 翻译小说
* 脂粉小說 / 脂粉小说
* 色情小說 / 色情小说
* 荒謬小說 / 荒谬小说
* 言情小說 / 言情小说 (yánqíng xiǎoshuō)
* 諢詞小說 / 诨词小说
* 譴責小說 / 谴责小说
* 輕小說 / 轻小说 (qīngxiǎoshuō)
* 長篇小說 / 长篇小说 (chángpiān xiǎoshuō)
* 電影小說 / 电影小说
* 章回小說 / 章回小说 (zhānghuí xiǎoshuō)
* 黃色小說 / 黄色小说 (huángsè xiǎoshuō)

##### Related terms

* 故事 (gùshi)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 小(しょう)説(せつ) (shōsetsu)
* → Korean: 소설(小說) (soseol)
* → Vietnamese: tiểu thuyết (小說)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎoyuè
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoyuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoyuè
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: syǎu-ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheauyueh
*** Palladius: сяоюэ (sjaojue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: sjewX ywet
Rime :
| Character | 小 | 說 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 弋雪切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | ywet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu$^X$/ | /jiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu$^X$/ | /jʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu$^X$/ | /juæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw$^X$/ | /jwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu$^X$/ | /iuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu$^X$/ | /jĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu$^X$/ | /i̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^2$ | jyut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ lod/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 小 | 說 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 13705 | 2577 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 兑 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 小 | 悅 |
| Old Chinese | /*smewʔ/ | /*lod/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 | |

#### Noun

小說
* (literary) little joy

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 說 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | せつ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 小說 – see the following entry. :
| 【小説しょうせつ】 | [noun] novel, story, fiction |
(This term, 小說, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 小 | 說 |

### Noun

小說 • (soseol) (hangeul 소설)
* hanja form of 소설 (“fiction, fictional literature”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 小 | 說 |

### Noun

小說
* chữ Hán form of tiểu thuyết (“novel”).