# مسمار
## Arabic
### Etymology

Compare Akkadian samrūtum (“nail (of copper)”)
Borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).
Cognate with Hebrew מסמר (masmér).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mis.maːr/
* Audio:(file)
** (Hijazi) IPA: /mus.maːr/, [mʊs.maːr]

### Noun

مِسْمَار • (mismār) m (plural مَسَامِير (masāmīr))
* nail, pin, peg, wedge, bolt, even a screw
* vine pole
* forked tentpole
* as مِسْمَار اللَّحْم (mismār al-llaḥm) or مِسْمَار القَدَم (mismār al-qadam): callus
    Synonym: جُسْأَة (jusʔa)
* (obsolete) staphyloma
** a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 753 Nr. 588 fol. 53r,4–8:الموسرج هو ما نتأ من الطبقة العنبية إذا انحرقت القرنية من كتاب العلل والأعراض الجالينوس، قال الرازي في الكافي: إذا كان صغيرًا فهو موسرج، وإذا كان كبيرًا فهو مسمار.†Mūsaraj† (recte: mūrsaraj leg., lit. ‘ant’s head’) is a protrusion of the uvea occurring because of an inflammation of the cornea according to Galen’s ‘Book on Causes and Symptoms’. Al-Rāzī said in his al-Kāfī: If (this protrusion) is small, it is called mūsaraj and if it is large it is called al-mismār (staphyloma, lit. ‘nail’).

#### Derived terms

* مَسْمَرَ (masmara)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: musmar
* → Amharic: ምስማር (məsmar)
** → Sidamo: mismaare
* → Armenian: մսմար (msmar) (via Turkic)
* → Azerbaijani: mismar
* → Gurani: پسماری (pismārī)
* →? Italian: Musumarra
* → Northern Kurdish: bizmar
* → Old Georgian: მუსმარი (musmari)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مسمار (mismar)
** Turkish: mismar
* → Swahili: msumari

#### References

* “msmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 89
* Haupt, Paul (1917) “The Disease of King Teumman of Elam”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research‎, volume 1, page 90, derives the Aramaic and Hebrew from Assyrian Akkadian with s₁ as first radical, but a corresponding Akkadian term seems still not attested
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مسمار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “مسمار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 597

## Najdi Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

مسمار (transliteration needed)
* cloves

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār, “nail”), itself from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār).

### Noun

مسمار • (mismar) (plural مسامیر (mesamir))
* nail, a spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials
    Synonyms: چیوی (çivi), میخ (mıh)

#### Derived terms

* مسمارلامق (mismarlamak, “to nail”)
* مسمارلو (mismarlı, “nailed, studded”)
* مسماری (mismari, “of the shape of a nail”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: mismar

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mismar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3240
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “mismâr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 780
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مسمار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1168
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Clavus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 190
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مسمار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4657
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مسمار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1857

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār). Ultimately borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mus.maːr/, [mʊsˈmɑːrˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

مسمار • (musmār) m (plural مسامير (masāmīr))
* nail (for carpentry)