# fero
## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ferrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfero]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ero
* Hyphenation: fe‧ro

### Noun

fero (uncountable, accusative feron)
* the chemical element iron

#### Derived terms

* ferometeorito (“iron meteorite”)
* ferŝtono (“iron ore”)
* fervojo (“railroad, railway”)
* hufofero (“horseshoe”)

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese fero, from Latin ferus (“wild, uncultivated”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛɾo̝/

### Adjective

fero (feminine fera, masculine plural feros, feminine plural feras)
* fierce, savage
    Synonym: bravo
* acrid; harsh
    Synonyms: agre, bravo
* wild, rustic, uncultivated
    Synonym: agreste
* excellent; superlative

#### Derived terms

* feroz
* Monfero
* porco fero

### Noun

fero m (plural feros)
* characteristic smell of wild animals
    Synonyms: bravío, bravún, ferún
* characteristic taste and smell of game meat
    Synonyms: bravío, bravún, ferún

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “fero”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “fero”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fero”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fero”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fero”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Gothic
### Romanization

fērō
* Romanization of 𐍆𐌴𐍂𐍉

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto fero, from Latin ferrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfero/

### Noun

fero (uncountable)
* iron

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin ferum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛ.ro/
* Rhymes: -ɛro
* Hyphenation: fè‧ro

### Adjective

fero (feminine fera, masculine plural feri, feminine plural fere)
* (archaic, poetic) Alternative form of fiero

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfe.roː/, [ˈfɛroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfe.ro/, [ˈfɛːro]

### Etymology 1

A suppletive paradigm consisting of two different roots.
The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ferō (infinitive *ferzi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (“to bear, carry”), from the root *bʰer-. Cognates include Sanskrit भरति (bhárati), Persian بار (bâr), Old Armenian բերեմ (berem), Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Old English beran (English bear).
The perfect stem, originally of tollō, is from Proto-Italic *tetolai, from Proto-Indo-European *tetólh₂e (“to be holding up”), from the root *telh₂-. The stem of lātus has the same root, reduced from Proto-Italic *tlātos, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂tós. It is cognate with English thole (“to endure”), German dulden (“to endure”).

#### Verb

ferō (present infinitive ferre, perfect active tulī or tetulī, supine lātum); third conjugation, irregular
* to bear, carry
    Synonyms: gerō, portō, vehō, efferō, trahō
    partum ferre ― to be with child, to be pregnant (literally, “to carry an offspring/fetus/embryo/one's young”)
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
* to support, hold up
* to suffer, tolerate, endure
    Synonyms: tolerō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, patiō, sustentō, dūrō, sustineō
* to consider
* to cast (a vote); to pass or ratify (a law)
* to propose
* to win
* to create
* to bring forth, put in motion, move forward, move ahead
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.588:Tālia iactābam et furiātā mente ferēbar […] .I was uttering such [words], and with impassioned purpose I was moving ahead […] .
* to incite, to impel, to move
** 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.1:In nova fert animus mūtātās dīcere fōrmās corpora; […] My mind moves me to tell of forms changed into new bodies; […]
* (intransitive) to lead
* to report, narrate, recount, relate, relay, quote, cite, speak of, say, tell, spread abroad
    Synonyms: referō, prōdō, pandō, trādō, dīcitur
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.4:Faustulo fuisse nomen feruntIt is narrated that his name was Faustulus
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.437–438:Tālibus ōrābat, tālisque miserrima flētus fertque refertque soror. [...].With such [words Dido] was pleading, and her most unhappy sister [Anna] relays such tearful [appeals] again and again [to Aeneas].

##### Conjugation

$^1$Old Latin.

##### Derived terms

* adferō, afferō
* auferō
* circumferō
* cōnferō
* dēferō
* differō
* efferō
* -fer
* ferculum
* fertilis
* fertus
* īnferō
* interferō
* intrōferō
* lātiō
* offerō
* perferō
* postferō
* praeferō
* praeterferor
* prōferō
* referō
* sufferō
* trānsferō

##### Descendants

* Franco-Provençal: fierre (merged with feriō)
* Sardinian: ferrere
* Old Ligurian: ferir

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

ferō
* ablative singular of ferus

### References

* ↑ Dworkin, Steven N. 2016. Lexical stability and shared lexicon. In Ledgeway, Adam & Maiden, Martin (eds.), The Oxford guide to the Romance languages, 577–587. Oxford University Press.
* ↑ http://tlio.ovi.cnr.it/TLIO/index.php?vox=038448.htm
* “fero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges the rivers flows with a rapid current: flumen citatum fertur a road leads somewhere: via fert, ducit aliquo circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum) to cherish as the apple of one's eye: in oculis aliquem ferre circumstances make this necessary; the exigencies of the case are these: res (ita) fert to bring aid to; to rescue: auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui my interests demanded it: meae rationes ita tulerunt to know how to endure calamity: damnum ferre to win the prize: palmam ferre, auferre to extol, laud to the skies: laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it: ignominiam non ferre according to my opinion: ut mea fert opinio to pass as a man of great learning: magnam doctrinae speciem prae se ferre they say; it is commonly said: tradunt, dicunt, ferunt to exaggerate a thing: in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre a book which is attributed to some one: liber qui fertur alicuius I am pained, vexed, sorry: aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod) to endure a thing with (the greatest) sang-froid: aequo (aequissimo) animo ferre aliquid to bear a thing with resignation, composure: humane, modice, moderate, sapienter, constanter ferre aliquid to be discontented, vexed at a thing; to chafe: aegre, graviter, moleste, indigne ferre aliquid to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of..: speciem prae se ferre so custom, fashion prescribes: ita fert consuetudo to put a thing down to a man's account: alicui expensum ferre aliquid to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...) to propose a law in the popular assembly: legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut... to obtain many (few) votes in a century or tribe: multa (pauca) puncta in centuria (tribu) aliqua ferre to gain the vote of a century or tribe: centuriam, tribum ferre (Planc. 49) to be elected unanimousl: omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari to fail in one's candidature for the consulship: repulsam ferre consulatus (a populo) (Tusc. 5. 19. 54) to give sentence (of the judge, cf. sect. VI. 4, note Not...): sententiam ferre, dicere (Off. 3. 16. 66) to suffer punishment: poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre to go unpunished: impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid men of military age: qui arma ferre possunt or iuventus men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles to begin the march, break up the camp: signa ferre, tollere to carry off booty: ferre atque agere praedam to gain a victory, win a battle: victoriam ferre, referre to propose terms of peace: pacis condiciones ferre (not proponere) (ambiguous) to fly aloft; to be carried into the sky: sublimem or sublime (not in sublime or sublimiter) ferri, abire (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri (ambiguous) to feel an attraction for study: trahi, ferri ad litteras (ambiguous) to feel inspired: divino quodam instinctu concitari, ferri (Div. 1. 31. 66) (ambiguous) to take a higher tone (especially of poets and orators): exsurgere altius or incitatius ferri (ambiguous) to be carried away by one's passions: libidine ferri (ambiguous) to be carried away by something: praecipitem ferri aliqua re (Verr. 5. 46. 121) (ambiguous) to have no principles: caeco impetu ferri (ambiguous) to throw oneself heart and soul into politics: studio ad rem publicam ferri (ambiguous) to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword: strictis gladiis in hostem ferri
* Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti
* Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfe.ɾo]

### Verb

fero
* (intransitive, of plants, etc.) to grow

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin ferrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛ.ro/

### Noun

fero m (plural feri)
* iron

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 403: “battere il ferro” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* Boerio, Giuseppe (1867) “fero”, in Dizionario del dialetto veneziano, 3rd edition, Venice: G. Cecchini, page 266