# خرس
## Arabic

* Root
* خ ر س (ḵ r s)
* 2 terms

### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.ri.sa/

#### Verb

خَرِسَ • (ḵarisa) I (non-past يَخْرَسُ (yaḵrasu), verbal noun خَرَس (ḵaras))
* to be mute, to be dumb
* to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xa.ra.sa/

#### Verb

خَرَسَ • (ḵarasa) I (non-past يَخْرُسُ (yaḵrusu), verbal noun خَرْس (ḵars))
* to guess, to estimate
* to conjecture, to surmise
* to tell an untruth, falsehood; to lie

##### Conjugation
## Khalaj
### Noun

خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی, plural خِرسلَر)
* Arabic spelling of xirs (“bear”)

#### Declension
## Persian

| Dari | خرس |
| Iranian Persian | خرس |
| Tajik | хирс |

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xiɾs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪɹs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪɹs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɪɹs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xiɹs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xeɹs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χiɹs]

### Noun

خرس • (xers) (plural خرس‌ها (xers-hâ))
* bear
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.

#### Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of خرس (xers) (Iranian Persian) :

#### Derived terms

* خرس آفتاب (xers-e âftâbe, “sun bear”)
* خرس تنبل (xers-e tanbal, “sloth bear”)
* خرس خاکستری (xers-e xâkestari, “grizzly bear”)
* خرس سیاه (xers-e siyâh, “black bear”)
* خرس سیاه آسیایی (xers-e siyâh-e âsiyâyi, “Asiatic black bear”)
* خرس سیاه آمریکایی (xers-e siyâh-e âmrikâyi, “American black bear”)
* خرس عینکی (xers-e 'eynaki, “spectacled bear”)
* خرس قطبی (xers-e qotbi, “polar bear”)
* خرس قهوه‌ای (xers-e qahve-'i, “brown bear”)
* خرس پاندا (xers-e pândâ, “panda bear”)

#### Descendants

* → Khalaj: xirs
* → Munji: xərs
* → Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)
* → Pashto: خرس
* → Wakhi: خرس
* → Urdu: خرس (xirs)
* → Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* خ ر س
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic خَرِسَ (ḵarisa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xi.ris/, [ˈxi.rɪs]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

خرس • (ḵiris) I (present بخرس (biḵras))
* to be quiet, to shut up
    Synonym: سكت (sakat)

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
From Classical Persian خرس (xirs, “bear”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xɪɾs/

### Noun

خرس • (xirs) ?
* bear
* a vulgar person; scoundrel; rogue

#### Declension

Declension of خرس :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | خرس (xirs) | خرس (xirs) |
| oblique | خرس (xirs) | خرسوں (xirsõ) |
| vocative | خرس (xirs) | خرسو (xirso) |
Declension of خرس :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | خرس (xirs) | خرسیں (xirsẽ) |
| oblique | خرس (xirs) | خرسوں (xirsõ) |
| vocative | خرس (xirs) | خرسو (xirso) |

#### Derived terms

* خِرْس بازی (xirs-bāzī, “roughhousing”)

### References

* “خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “خرس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.