# 신

| 신 | U+C2E0, &#49888; HANGUL SYLLABLE SIN |
| Composition: | ㅅ + ㅣ + ㄴ |
| ← 싟 [U+C2DF] | Hangul Syllables | 싡 → [U+C2E1] |
시식싞싟신싡싢 싣실싥싦싧싨싩 싪싫심십싮싯싰 싱싲싳싴싵싶싷 :
| 싀 ← | → 싸 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 神 (“spirit”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Noun

신 • (sin) (hanja 神)
* god, deity
    Hypernyms: 남신(男神) (namsin), 여신(女神) (yeosin)
* (monotheism) God
* spirit; departed soul
** 1961, “Genesis 1:2”, in 개역한글판 성경 [gaeyeokhan'geulpan seonggyeong, Bible: Korean Revised Version]:땅이 혼돈하고 공허하며 흑암이 깊음 위에 있고 하나님의 신은 수면에 운행하시니라ttang-i hondon-hago gongheo-hamyeo heugam-i gipeum wi-e itgo hananim-ui sin-eun sumyeon-e unhaeng-hasiniraAnd the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.(English: King James Version translation)

##### Usage notes

* (monotheistic God): Most often used to refer to the theological and philosophical concept of God. When invoked in prayer, worship, etc., 하느님 (haneunim, “lord of heaven”) and 하나님 (hananim, “one lord”) are preferred.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 神 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신 (神, sin).

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 臣.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Noun

신 • (sin) (hanja 臣)
* (literary or formal) someone who serves a monarch: a retainer, subject

#### Pronoun

신 • (sin) (hanja 臣)
* (historical) Used by a man to refer to oneself when addressing a monarch; your servant, your humble servant
    Coordinate terms: 신첩(臣妾) (sincheop), 소첩(小妾) (socheop)
** 2014, 명량／鳴梁 [The Admiral: Roaring Currents], spoken by Admiral Yi Sun-sin (Choi Min-sik):아직 신에게는 열두 척의 배가 남아 있사옵니다.Ajik sin-ege-neun yeoldu cheog-ui bae-ga nama itsaomnida.Your humble servant still has command of no fewer than twelve ships.

#### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 臣 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신 (臣, sin).

### Etymology 3

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 신〮 (Yale: sín). Likely related to Old Korean 洗 (*sen).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Noun

신 • (sin)
* shoes; footgear
    Synonym: (more common) 신발 (sinbal)
    신을 벗고 들어가시오. ― Sin-eul beotgo deureogasio. ― Do not enter with shoes on.

##### Derived terms

* 가죽신 (gajuksin)
* 갖신 (gatsin)
* 고까신 (gokkasin)
* 고무신 (gomusin)
* 꼬까신 (kkokkasin)
* 꽃신 (kkotsin)
* 끌신 (kkeulsin)
* 나막신 (namaksin)
* 눈신 (nunsin)
* 덧신 (deotsin)
* 발막신 (balmaksin)
* 베틀신 (beteulsin)
* 신발 (sinbal)
* 신볼 (sinbol)
* 신소리 (sinsori)
* 신주머니 (sinjumeoni)
* 신짚 (sinjip)
* 신짝 (sinjjak)
* 신창 (sinchang)
* 죽신 (juksin)
* 짚신 (jipsin)
* 짝신 (jjaksin)
* 코신 (kosin)
* 털신 (teolsin)
* 헝겊신 (heonggeopsin)
* 흙신 (heuksin)

##### Related terms

* 신다 (sinda, “to wear on one's feet”)

##### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎, volume 15, number 2 (PDF), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240

### Etymology 4

Of native Korean origin.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Noun

신 • (sin)
* joy; delight; amusement
    Synonym: 흥(興) (heung)
    관중들은 아주 신이 났었다. ― Gwanjung-deur-eun aju sin-i nasseotda. ― The audience was frantic with joy.

##### Derived terms

* 신나다 (sinnada)

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from English scene.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕ͈in]
* Phonetic hangul: [씬]

#### Noun

신 • (sin)
* scene (in a show, movie, drama, play, etc.)
    Synonym: 장면(場面) (jangmyeon)
    감동적인 신이었다. ― Gamdongjeog-in sin-ieotda. ― It was a moving scene.

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 腎.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰi(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [신(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

신 • (sin) (hanja 腎)
* Short for 신장(腎臟) (sinjang, “(anatomy) kidney”).

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 腎 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신 (腎, sin).

### Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 信.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰi(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [신(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

신 • (sin) (hanja 信)
* (literary or formal) trustworthiness

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 信 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신 (信, sin).

### Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 辛

#### Noun

신 • (sin) (hanja 辛)
* the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

##### Coordinate terms

* 갑 (甲, gap, “first”)
* 경 (庚, gyeong, “seventh”)
* 계 (癸, gye, “tenth”)
* 기 (己, gi, “sixth”)
* 무 (戊, mu, “fifth”)
* 병 (丙, byeong, “third”)
* 을 (乙, eul, “second”)
* 임 (壬, im, “ninth”)
* 정 (丁, jeong, “fourth”)

### Etymology 9

Sino-Korean word from 新.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [신]

#### Prefix

신— • (sin-) (hanja 新)
* new, latest, modern, novel; neo-
    Antonym: 구(舊) (gu-, “old; former”)
    ‎신(新) (sin) + ‎기록(記錄) (girok, “record”) → ‎신기록(新記錄) (sin'girok, “new record”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 新 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신 (新, sin).

##### See also

* 새 (sae, “new”, determiner)

### Etymology 10

See the main entry.

#### Adjective

신 • (sin)
* present adnominal of 시다 (sida, “to be sour”): sour, acid, tart

### Etymology 11

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

신 • (sin)
* 身: body
    (eumhun reading: 몸 신 (mom sin)) (MC reading: 身 (MC syin))
* 申: to extend
    (eumhun reading: 펼칠 신 (pyeolchil sin)) (MC reading: 申 (MC syin))
* 神: spirit; god
    (eumhun reading: 귀신 신 (gwisin sin)) (MC reading: 神 (MC zyin))
* 臣: one who serves
    (eumhun reading: 신하 신 (sinha sin)) (MC reading: 臣 (MC dzyin))
* 信: believe; trust
    (eumhun reading: 믿을 신 (mideul sin)) (MC reading: 信 (MC sinH))
* 辛: bitter; toilsome
    (eumhun reading: 매울 신 (mae'ul sin)) (MC reading: 辛 (MC sin))
* 新: new
    (eumhun reading: 새 신 (sae sin)) (MC reading: 新 (MC sin))
* 伸:
    (MC reading: 伸 (MC syin))
* 晨:
    (MC reading: 晨 (MC dzyin|zyin))
* 愼:
    (MC reading: 愼 (MC dzyinH))
* 紳:
    (MC reading: 紳 (MC syin))
* 莘:
    (MC reading: 莘 (MC srin))
* 薪:
    (MC reading: 薪 (MC sin))
* 迅:
    (MC reading: 迅 (MC sinH))
* 訊:
    (MC reading: 訊 (MC sinH))
* 侁:
    (MC reading: 侁 (MC srin))
* 呻:
    (MC reading: 呻 (MC syin))
* 娠: with child
    (eumhun reading: 아이 밸 신 (ai bael sin)) (MC reading: 娠 (MC syin))
* 宸:
    (MC reading: 宸 (MC dzyin))
* 燼:
    (MC reading: 燼 (MC zinH))
* 腎: kidney
    (eumhun reading: 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin)) (MC reading: 腎 (MC dzyinX))
* 藎:
    (MC reading: 藎 (MC zinH))
* 蜃:
    (MC reading: 蜃 (MC dzyinX|dzyinH))
* 辰: time
    (eumhun reading: 때 신 (ttae sin)) (MC reading: 辰 (MC dzyin))
* 璶:
    (MC reading: 璶)
* 哂:
    (MC reading: 哂 (MC syinX))
* 囟:
    (MC reading: 囟 (MC sinH))
* 姺:
    (MC reading: 姺 (MC srin))
* 汛:
    (MC reading: 汛 (MC sinH))
* 矧:
    (MC reading: 矧 (MC syinX))
* 脤:
    (MC reading: 脤 (MC dzyinX))
* 贐:
    (MC reading: 贐)
* 頣:
    (MC reading: 頣 (MC syinX))
* 駪:
    (MC reading: 駪 (MC srin))
* 兟:
    (MC reading: 兟 (MC srin))
* 吲:
    (MC reading: 吲)
* 噺:
    (MC reading: 噺)
* 妽:
    (MC reading: 妽)
* 㜪:
    (MC reading: 㜪 (MC srin))
* 屾:
    (MC reading: 屾 (MC srin))
* 峷:
    (MC reading: 峷)
* 抻:
    (MC reading: 抻 (MC syinH))
* 柛:
    (MC reading: 柛 (MC syin))
* 榊:
    (MC reading: 榊)
* 氠:
    (MC reading: 氠)
* 烥:
    (MC reading: 烥)
* 燊:
    (MC reading: 燊 (MC srin))
* 珅:
    (MC reading: 珅)
* 甡:
    (MC reading: 甡 (MC srin))
* 眒:
    (MC reading: 眒 (MC syin|syinH))
* 砷:
    (MC reading: 砷)
* 祳:
    (MC reading: 祳 (MC dzyinX))
* 笉:
    (MC reading: 笉 (MC tshinX))
* 籸:
    (MC reading: 籸 (MC srin))
* 胂:
    (MC reading: 胂 (MC syin))
* 蜄:
    (MC reading: 蜄)
* 賮:
    (MC reading: 賮 (MC zinH))
* 䢻:
    (MC reading: 䢻 (MC dzyin|tsyinH))
* 鋠:
    (MC reading: 鋠 (MC dzyinX))
* 阠:
    (MC reading: 阠 (MC srin|sinH|syinH))
* 震:
    (MC reading: 震 (MC tsyinH))
* 顖:
    (MC reading: 顖 (MC sinH))
* 鯓:
    (MC reading: 鯓)
* 鷐:
    (MC reading: 鷐 (MC dzyin))
* 麎:
    (MC reading: 麎 (MC dzyin))

## Middle Korean
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sín/

### Noun

신〮 (sín)
* shoe; footgear

#### Descendants

* Korean: 신 (sin)