OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# łoński
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* łyński (Biecz)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish łoński. By surface analysis, łoni +‎ -ski. Cognate with Czech loňský.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
** (Central Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
** (Southern Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈwɔɲ.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲski
* Syllabification: łoń‧ski

### Adjective

łoński (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (obsolete or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Southern Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Near Masovian, Far Masovian, Kielce, Żywiec) last year's
    Synonyms: ubiegłoroczny, zeszłoroczny
    łońskiégo roku ― last year
    Łońskiégo roku lepi sie rodziło zboze jak latosiégo. (Far Masovian) ― Last year the grain came out better than this year.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* łoński in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “łoński”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 243
* Antoni Waga (1860) “łoński”, in “Abecadłowy spis wyrazów ludowego języka w okolicach Łomży, Wizny i przyległych”, in Kazimierz Władysław Wóycicki, editor, Biblioteka Warszawska (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 753
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “łoński”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 113
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “łońskiego roku”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 20
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “łoński”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 30
* Izydor Kopernicki (1875) “łoński”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I), volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 372
* Władysław Matlakowski (1892) “łoński”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 10
* Jan Łoś (1886) “łoński”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 185
# lanac
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Middle High German lanne (“chain”) +‎ -ac, the Middle High German from Old High German lanna (“metal sheet, platelet; chain”), from Vulgar Latin lanna from Latin lāmina (“sheet especially of metal”). Cognate with Slovene lanec (“chain”), Macedonian and Bulgarian ланец (lanec, “golden or silver chain”), South and Western Russian ланцу́г (lancúg, “chain”), Polish łańcuch (“chain”), Czech and Slovak lano (“cable, rope”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lǎːnat͡s/
* Hyphenation: la‧nac

### Noun

lánac m (Cyrillic spelling ла́нац, relational adjective lànčanī)
* chain

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “lanac”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 368
# casúr
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* casabhar (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman cassur, from Latin quassō. Cognate with Manx casoor and Scottish Gaelic casar, as well as French casseur.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kɑˈsˠuːɾˠ/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ˈkɑsˠuːɾˠ/, /ˈkasˠuːɾˠ/

### Noun

casúr m or f (genitive singular casúir or casúrach, nominative plural casúir)
* hammer

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
casúr
casúir
vocative
a chasúir
a chasúra
genitive
casúir
casúr
dative
casúr
casúir
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an casúr
na casúir
genitive
an chasúir
na gcasúr
dative
leis an gcasúr don chasúr
leis na casúir :

#### Derived terms

* casúirín m (“malleus”)
* casúireacht f (“(act of) hammering”)
* casúr cluasach m (“claw-hammer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “casúr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Dillon, Myles, Donncha Ó Cróinín (1961) Teach Yourself Irish, Sevenoaks, England: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN, page 218
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 148
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 45, page 20

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “casúr”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 121
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “casúr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# mamrotać
## Polish
### Etymology

From mamrać +‎ -otać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mamˈrɔ.tat͡ɕ/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /mamˈrɔ.tat͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Biecz) IPA: /mamˈrɔ.tat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔtat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: mam‧ro‧tać

### Verb

mamrotać impf (perfective zamamrotać or wymamrotać)
* (transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Biecz) to mumble, to mutter, to murmur (speak softly and indistinctly)
    Synonym: bąkać

#### Derived terms

* mamrot

### Further reading

* mamrotać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mamrotać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “mamrotać”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 113
* Roman Zawiliński (1880) “mamrotać”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 229
# mamzić
## Polish
### Etymology

From mamzia +‎ -ić.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Biecz) IPA: /ˈmam.ʑit͡ɕ/

### Verb

mamzić impf
* (transitive, Biecz) to dawdle (to do something slowly)

### Further reading

* Roman Zawiliński (1880) “mamźić”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 229
# mordęga
## Polish
### Etymology

From mordować +‎ -ęga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔrˈdɛŋ.ɡa/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /mɔrˈdɛŋ.ɡa/
** (Biecz) IPA: /mɔrˈdɛŋ.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -ɛŋɡa
* Syllabification: mor‧dę‧ga

### Noun

mordęga f
* (colloquial) torment, agony
    Synonyms: męka, udręka
* (colloquial or dialectal, Kielce, Biecz) drudgery, toil
    Synonyms: męczarnia, mozół

#### Declension
### Further reading

* mordęga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mordęga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “mordęga”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 249
* Roman Zawiliński (1880) “mordęga”, in “Gwara brzezińska w pow. ropczyckim”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I) (in Polish), volume 8, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 230
# swerd
## English
### Noun

swerd (plural swerds)
* Obsolete form of sword.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

swerd (plural swerds)
* Alternative form of sword

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

swerd
* Alternative form of sward

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /swɛrd/

### Noun

swerd n
* a sword

#### Descendants

* Low German: Sweerd
* Plautdietsch: Schwieet

#### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)
# vík
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈviːk]

### Noun

vík
* genitive plural of víko

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse vík, from Proto-Germanic *wīkō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vʊiːjk]

### Noun

vík f (genitive singular víkar, plural víkar or víkir)
* bay, creek

#### Related terms

* víkingur ("person who lives at a bay", Viking)
* -víkingur
* Vík, Víkar, Víkarnar

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viːk/
* Rhymes: -iːk

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse vík, from Proto-Germanic *wīkō.

#### Noun

vík f (genitive singular víkur, nominative plural víkur)
* a small bay, a cove, an inlet
    Synonym: bugt f

##### Declension

$^1$Rare, except in compound place names.

##### Derived terms

* Reykjavík
* víkingur

##### See also

* fjörður m
* flói m

##### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “vík”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
* Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
* “vík” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
* “vík”, in Ritmálssafn Orðabókar Háskólans [The Written Collection of the Lexicological Institute] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, (Can we date this quote?)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

vík
* inflection of víkja:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular imperative

### Anagrams

* kví
# Kosnar
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkosnar]

### Proper noun

Kosnar m anim (female equivalent Kosnarová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Kosnar”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# caterwaul
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English caterwrawen, from cater (“cat”) + wrawen, wrawlen (“cry like a cat”), equivalent to cat +‎ waul. Compare Low German katerwaulen (“to cry like a cat”) and Middle Dutch cater (“tomcat”) (Dutch kater).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ca‧ter‧waul
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkæt.ə.wɔːl/
* (US) IPA: /ˈkæt.ɚ.wɔl/
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈkæt.ɚ.wɑl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

caterwaul (third-person singular simple present caterwauls, present participle caterwauling, simple past and past participle caterwauled)
* (intransitive) To cry as cats in heat; to make a harsh, offensive noise.
* (intransitive) To have a noisy argument, like cats.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:argument

#### Related terms

* caterwauler

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

caterwaul (plural caterwauls)
* A yowling.
* A noisy quarrel.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “caterwaul”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# побіда
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic побѣда (poběda, “victory, defeat”), from Proto-Slavic *pobě̀da. Compare Russian победа (pobeda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [poˈbʲidɑ̽]
* Rhymes: -idɐ
* Hyphenation: по‧бі‧да

### Noun

побі́да • (pobída) f inan (genitive побі́ди, nominative plural побі́ди, genitive plural побі́д, relational adjective побі́дний)
* (archaic) victory
    Synonym: перемога (peremoha)

#### Related terms

* побі́дник m (pobídnyk), побі́дниця f (pobídnycja)
* побіжда́ти impf (pobiždáty), побіди́ти pf (pobidýty)

### References

* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “побі́да”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “побі́да”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# Wash.
## English
### Proper noun

Wash.
* Abbreviation of Washington (US State).

#### Synonyms

* WA

### Anagrams

* Haws, Shaw, Wahs, haws, shaw, shwa, wahs
# developmentalism
## English
### Etymology

From developmental +‎ -ism.

### Noun

developmentalism (uncountable)
* An economic theory which states that the best way for Third World countries to develop is through fostering a strong and varied internal market and imposing high tariffs on imported goods.
** 2006, Mark Mattern, Putting Ideas to Work, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 325:Most fundamentally, Sachs argues, developmentalism advocates the wrong values. Under developmentalism, the economy dominates society rather than the more rational opposite.
** 2007, Costas Lapavitsas, Beyond Market-Driven Development, Routledge, →ISBN:Nevertheless, the strong political reasons which supported developmentalism had vanished before the World Bank made its diagnosis.
** 2014, Sumi Madhok, Rethinking Agency: Developmentalism, Gender and Rights, Routledge, →ISBN:By invoking developmentalism as more than a statist project for economic growth and one that is also led by an imperative to generate well-being among citizens, I focus on the discursive and other practices through which developmentalism is experienced as a condition, a mode of being and a lived experience.
** 2017, Jason Hickel, “The Age of the Coup”, in The Divide […] , London: William Heinemann, →ISBN:When President Dwight Eisenhower took office in the United States in 1953, he took a decisive stand against developmentalism, which he regarded as a threat to the commercial interests of America's multinational companies.

#### Related terms

* developmentalist
* neo-developmentalism

#### Translations
### Further reading

* developmentalism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# 繁縷
## Chinese

* 繁縷

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fánlǚ
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ ㄌㄩˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fánlǚ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄌㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fánlyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$-lü$^3$
*** Yale: fán-lyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnleu
*** Palladius: фаньлюй (fanʹljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

繁縷
* chickweed, specifically common chickweed

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 繁 | 縷 |
| はこべ ||
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 繁縷 (kyūjitai) 蘩蔞

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はこべ [hàkóbé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ko̞be̞]

#### Noun

繁縷(はこべ) or 繁縷(ハコベ) • (hakobe)
* chickweed

##### Derived terms

* 青(あお)繁縷(はこべ) (aohakobe)
* 牛(うし)繁縷(はこべ) (ushihakobe)
* 蝦夷(えぞ)繁縷(はこべ) (ezo hakobe)
* 加藤(かとう)繁縷(はこべ) (katō hakobe)
* 小(こ)繁縷(はこべ) (kohakobe)
* 沢(さわ)繁縷(はこべ) (sawahakobe)
* 色(しこ)丹(たん)繁縷(はこべ) (shikotan hakobe)
* 白老(しらおい)繁縷(はこべ) (shiraoi hakobe)
* 南(なん)蛮(ばん)繁縷(はこべ) (nanban hakobe)
* 浜(はま)繁縷(はこべ) (hamahakobe)
* 水(みず)繁縷(はこべ) (mizuhakobe)
* 溝(みぞ)繁縷(はこべ) (mizohakobe)
* 山(やま)繁縷(はこべ) (yamahakobe)
* 瑠璃(るり)繁縷(はこべ) (rurihakobe)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 繁 | 縷 |
| はこべら ||
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 繁縷 (kyūjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はこべら [hàkóbérá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ko̞be̞ɾa̠]

#### Noun

繁縷(はこべら) or 繁縷(ハコベラ) • (hakobera)
* chickweed
    Hypernym: 春の七草
    Coordinate terms: 芹, 薺, 御形, 繁縷, 仏の座, 菘, 蘿蔔

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 繁 | 縷 |
| はくべら ||
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 繁縷 (kyūjitai) 蘩蔞

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠kɯ̟be̞ɾa̠]

#### Noun

繁縷(はくべら) or 繁縷(ハクベラ) • (hakubera)
* a flowering plant of genus Stellaria; chickweed
** c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:鶏腸草　一名蘩蔞$_{蘇敬注云、是一物也、乗出此條}$　一名𭣵䕅$_{出尔雅}$ 和名波久倍良(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.
# សិរកបាល
## Khmer
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic and Phonemic | សិរកបាល sirkpāl |
| WT romanisation | seʼ kɑɑ baal |
| (standard) IPA | /seʔ kɑː ɓaːl/ |

### Noun

សិរកបាល • (seʼ kɑɑ baal)
* skull
    Synonym: លលាដ៍ក្បាល (lɔliə kbaal)
# khoản
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 款.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [xwaːn˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [kʰwaːŋ˧˨] ~ [xwaːŋ˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kʰwaːŋ˨˩˦] ~ [xwaːŋ˨˩˦]

### Noun

khoản
* (business, law) a subclause
    Theo khoản 1, điều 12…According to subclause 1, clause 12…
* (business) an amount of expenditure or income
    khoản tiềnan amount of money

#### Derived terms

* bồi khoản
* chủ tài khoản
* chuyển khoản
* điều khoản
* khẩn khoản
* khoản đãi
* lạc khoản
* ngân khoản
* tài khoản
* tồn khoản

### See also

* điều (“clause”)
# 道う
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 道
* い Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 道う – see the following entry. :
| 【言いう】 | [verb] to say, to tell somebody [verb] to call, to name, to give a name [verb] to cry, to call, to make a noise (such as an animal) Alternative spellings 謂う, 云う, 曰う, ゆう |
(This term, 道う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos).

### Proper noun

𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 • (matþaius) m
* (hapax) Matthew, the Biblical character

#### Declension

Masculine/feminine u-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 matþaius | — |
| Vocative | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿 matþaiau | — |
| Accusative | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿 matþaiu | — |
| Genitive | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍃 matþaiaus | — |
| Dative | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿 matþaiau | — |
# matþaius
## Gothic
### Romanization

matþaius
* Romanization of 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃
# 元い
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 元
* もと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 元い – see the following entry. :
| 【もとい】 | [conjunction] Used to correct oneself. |
(This term, 元い, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 脳死
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 脳 | 死 |
| のう Grade: 6 | し Grade: 3 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 腦死 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

脳 (nō, “brain”) +‎ 死 (shi, “death”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のーし [nóꜜòshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) のーし [nòóshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [no̞ːɕi]
* Homophones: 直衣, 能士

### Noun

脳(のう)死(し) • (nōshi)
* brain death
# tessera-
## English
### Prefix

tessera-
* Alternative form of tessara- (“four”).
# ranc
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Gothic *𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 (*wragks, “twisted”), from *𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wragkjan, “to twist”), from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną. Cognate to Galician ranquear, English wrench.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈraŋ]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈraŋk]

### Adjective

ranc (feminine ranca, masculine plural rancs, feminine plural ranques)
* lame, crippled

#### Derived terms

* ranquejar

### Further reading

* “ranc” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* rang

### Noun

ranc m (plural rancs)
* rank (position of a person, place, thing, or idea)

#### Descendants

* French: rang
* → Middle English: rank
** English: rank

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rankaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑnk/, [rɑŋk]

### Adjective

ranc
* proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, froward, overbearing
* showy; mature, full-grown
* noble, bold, valiant, courageous

#### Derived terms

* oferranc (“extravagant”)

#### Descendants

* English: rank

### References

* John R. Clark Hall (1916) “ranc”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan
* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ranc”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# łubać
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈwu.bat͡ɕ/

### Verb

łubać impf
* (transitive, Kielce) Synonym of tupać [with instrumental ‘one's feet’]
    Na weselisku wiela luda tańcowało i łubało nogami. ― At the wedding many people were dancing and stomping their feet.

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “łubać”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 248
# mędel
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈmɛn.dɛl/

### Noun

mędel m inan
* (Kielce) Alternative form of medel

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “mędel”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 249
# 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*daban), from Proto-Germanic *dabaną.

### Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 • (gadaban)
* to happen
* to be suitable, be appropriate

#### Conjugation

Class 6 strong :
| Infinitive | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 gadaban | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 gadaban | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 gadaban |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰 gadaba | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆 gadōf | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 gadabada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃 gadabis | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆𐍄 gadōft | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌶𐌰 gadabaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌸 gadabiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆 gadōf | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 gadabada |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐍉𐍃 gadabōs | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌿 gadōbu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 gadabats | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌿𐍄𐍃 gadōbuts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌼 gadabam | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌿𐌼 gadōbum | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadabanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌸 gadabiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌿𐌸 gadōbuþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadabanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳 gadaband | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌿𐌽 gadōbun | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gadabanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿 gadabau | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌿 gadōbjau | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 gadabais | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 gadōbeis | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gadabaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 gadabai | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌹 gadōbi | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gadabaiwa | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gadōbeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gadabaits | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gadōbeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gadabaima | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gadōbeima | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 gadabaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 gadōbeiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gadabaina | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gadōbeina | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍆 gadaf | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 gadabats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌸 gadabiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gadabandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gadabands | 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃 gadabans | |

#### Related terms

* 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆𐍃 (gadōfs)
# Craighero
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Craighero m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# murawa
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *murava.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muˈra.va/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ava
* Syllabification: mu‧ra‧wa

### Noun

murawa f
* green, sward (expanse of land covered in dense grass)
* grass-covered field to play sports on
** 2021 June 14, “Polska-Słowacja: Historia dotychczasowych spotkań”, in Rzeczpospolita‎, archived from the original on 2022-05-17:Na pustawym Stadionie Śląskim, na zaśnieżonej murawie Polska przegrała 0:1 po samobójczym uderzeniu Sławomira Gancarczyka.In the nearly empty Silesian Stadium, on a snowed-on field, Poland lost [a soccer game] 0 to 1 after a suicidal kick by Sławomir Gancarczyk.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* murawa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* murawa in Polish dictionaries at PWN