# मध्य
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मध्य (mádhya), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between, in the middle, middle”). Cognate with Latin medius (“middle, medium”), English mid, middle, Persian میان.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /məd̪ʱ.jᵊ/, [mɐd̪ʱ.jᵊ]
* Rhymes: -əd̪ʱ.jᵊ

### Adjective

मध्य • (madhya) (indeclinable)
* middle (normally of time)
* central, in the middle of

### Noun

मध्य • (madhya) m
* center/centre, middle
    Synonym: बीच (bīc)
* (Indian classical music) Synonym of मध्यम (madhyam)
* (Indian classical music) a medium tempo, played quicker than विलंबित (vilambit) and slower than द्रुत (drut)
* (Indian classical music) the middle-pitch सप्तक (saptak), higher than मंद्र (mandra) and lower than तार (tār)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मध्य (mádhya). Doublet of मध्ये (madhye) and माज (māj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məd̪ʱ.jə/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

मध्य • (madhya) m
* centre, middle
* waist

### References

* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मध्य”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মধ্য (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬥ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
* মধ্য (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰠𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀥𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* မဓျ (Burmese script)
* મધ્ય (Gujarati script)
* ਮਧ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦣꦾ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂡𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಮಧ್ಯ (Kannada script)
* មធ្យ (Khmer script)
* ມຘ຺ຍ (Lao script)
* മധ്യ (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᠠᢡᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘠𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠠᢑᠾᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧀𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
* ମଧ୍ଯ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢤ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆣𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖠𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
* මධ්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩮 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚜𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
* மத்⁴ய (Tamil script)
* మధ్య (Telugu script)
* มธฺย (Thai script)
* མ་དྷྱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒡𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨜𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰyas (“middle”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ma$^i$δiia), Latin medius (“middle, medium”), Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos), English mid, middle.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mɐ́dʱ.jɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmɐd̪ʱ.jɐ/

### Adjective

मध्य • (mádhya) stem
* middle
* central

#### Declension
### Noun

मध्य • (mádhya) stem, m
* centre, middle
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.111.8:दू॒रं किल॑ प्रथ॒मा ज॑ग्मुरासा॒मिन्द्र॑स्य॒ याः प्र॑स॒वे स॒स्रुरापः॑ । क्व॑ स्वि॒दग्रं॒ क्व॑ बु॒ध्न आ॑सा॒मापो॒ मध्यं॒ क्व॑ वो नू॒नमन्तः॑ ॥dūráṃ kíla prathamā́ jagmurāsāmíndrasya yā́ḥ prasavé sasrúrā́paḥ. kvà svidágraṃ kvà budhná āsāmā́po mádhyaṃ kvà vo nūnámántaḥ.The first of those waters, which issued forth at Indra's sending, went very far. Where, waters, is your beginning, where your root, where is your centre, where indeed is your termination?

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: مَنٛز (manz)
* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀛 (majha)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
** Assamese: মাজ (maz)
** Bengali: মাঝ (majh), মেজ (mej), মেঝে (mejhe)
** Magahi: माझ (mājh)
** Odia: ମଝି (majhi)
** Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠏ (mazó)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
** Marathi: माज (māj), माजी (mājī) (poetic)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: mañjh (“middle”) (noun)
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਝ
*** Shahmukhi script: منجھ
** Punjabi: maṉjhlā, majhlā (“middle, intermediate”), (adjective)
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਝਲਾ, ਮਝਲਾ
*** Shahmukhi script: منجھلا, مجھلا
*** Punjabi: maṉjholā, majholā (alternative forms)
**** Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਝੋਲਾ, ਮਝੋਲਾ
**** Shahmukhi script: منجھولا, مجھولا
** Punjabi: mājh (“in the midst of”), (postposition)
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਝ
*** Shahmukhi script: ماجھ
** Punjabi: maṉjhār (“in, within”) (archaic)
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਝਾਰ
*** Shahmukhi script: منجھار
** Punjabi: mājjhā (“Majha, central Punjab”)
*** Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਝਾ
*** Shahmukhi script: ماجھا
*** Punjabi: mājjhī (“Majhi dialect of Punjabi”)
**** Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਝੀ
**** Shahmukhi script: ماجھی
*** Punjabi: majhail (“native of Majha”)
**** Gurmukhi script: ਮਝੈਲ
**** Shahmukhi script: مجھیل
* Pali: majjha
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
** Old Gujarati: मांहि (māṃhi)
*** Gujarati: માં (mā̃)
** Old Hindi:
*** Braj: माहिं (māhĩ, “in”)
*** Hindi: माँझ (māñjh) (obsolete), में (mẽ, “in”)
**** Urdu: میں (mẽ, “in”)
** Pahari:
*** Nepali: मा (mā)
** Romani: minʒ (possibly)
* → Bengali: মধ্য (moddho)
** ⇒ Bengali: মধ্যে (moddhe)
* → Gujarati: મધ્ય (madhya)
** ⇒ Gujarati: મધ્યે (madhye)
* → Hindi: मध्य (madhya)
* → Marathi: मध्य (madhya)
** ⇒ Marathi: मध्ये (madhye), मधे (madhe)
* → Old Javanese: madhya
** Javanese: ꦩꦢꦾ (madya)
*** → Indonesian: madya (“middle, medium”)
** → Balinese: ᬫᬥ᭄ᬬ (madia)
* → Odia: ମଧ୍ୟ (madhya), ମଧ୍ୟେ (madhye)
* → Punjabi: ਮੱਧ (maddh)
* → Tamil: மதிய (matiya), மதியம் (matiyam), மத்தியம் (mattiyam)
* → Telugu: మధ్య (madhya), మధ్యము (madhyamu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मध्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 781/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 303
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mádhya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

### Further reading

* Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “madhya”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.