# πλήσσω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πλήττω (plḗttō) — Attic
* πλᾱ́σσω (plā́ssō) — Laconian, Doric

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *plā́ťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂kyeti, from *pleh₂k-, *pleh₂g- (“to strike”).
Cognate with πλᾱ́ζω (plā́zō, “to strike”) (with *-g-), Latin plangō, plēctō, plāga; Old Church Slavonic плакати (plakati), Lithuanian plàkti (“to beat, chastise”) (via secondary ablaut), Dutch vloeken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plɛ̌ːs.sɔː/ → /ˈplis.so/ → /ˈpli.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /plɛ̌ːs.sɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈple̝s.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈplis.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈplis.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpli.so/

### Verb

πλήσσω • (plḗssō)
* to strike, smite
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1343
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 608
** 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 497
** 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 934
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.14
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 422
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 855
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.266
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.362
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.147
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.455
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.240
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.192
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.791
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.660
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.431
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.264
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.162
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.412
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.57
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.50
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.20
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 329a
** (with accusative) to strike an object into motion
*** 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Aetia 3.1.37
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.504
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 10.71
** to stamp
*** 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 283
** to sting
* (figuratively, passive voice) to be stricken, defeated
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 31
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 1015
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 896
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.41
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.120
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.130
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 819
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.108
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.38
** to be emotionally stricken
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 544
*** 300 CE – 500 CE, Hermesianax, Collected Works 7.42
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.5
*** 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 218a
** (active voice, of wine) to overpower
*** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.672
*** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.568
*** 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.72
*** 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.59

#### Derived terms

* ἁλίπληκτος (halíplēktos)
* ἀμφίπληκτος (amphíplēktos)
* ἀνειδωλόπληκτος (aneidōlóplēktos)
* ἀντῐπλήσσ (antĭplḗss)
* ἀξῑνόπληκτος (axīnóplēktos)
* ἄπληκτος (áplēktos)
* ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō)
* ἀπριγδόπληκτος (aprigdóplēktos)
* ἀστερόπληκτος (asteróplēktos)
* ἀστρᾰπόπληκτος (astrăpóplēktos)
* δῐᾰπλήσσω (dĭăplḗssō)
* δορίπληκτος (doríplēktos)
* δύσπληκτος (dúsplēktos)
* ἐκπλήσσω (ekplḗssō)
* ἐμπλήσσω (emplḗssō)
* ἐπῐπλήσσω (epĭplḗssō)
* εὔπληκτος (eúplēktos)
* ἡλόπληκτος (hēlóplēktos)
* θᾰλασσόπληκτος (thălassóplēktos)
* θεόπληκτος (theóplēktos)
* θηριόπληκτος (thērióplēktos)
* κᾰτᾰπλήσσω (kătăplḗssō)
* νοόπληκτος (noóplēktos)
* ὀνειρόπληκτος (oneiróplēktos)
* ὀξύπληκτος (oxúplēktos)
* πάμπληκτος (pámplēktos)
* πᾰρᾰπλήσσω (părăplḗssō)
* πλήξιππος (plḗxippos)
* προπλήσσω (proplḗssō)
* προσπλήσσω (prosplḗssō)
* σῐδηρόπληκτος (sĭdēróplēktos)
* σῠμπλήσσομαι (sŭmplḗssomai)
* ὑποπλήσσω (hupoplḗssō)
* φᾰλαγγιόπληκτος (phălangióplēktos)
* φρενόπληκτος (phrenóplēktos)
* χαλκόπληκτος (khalkóplēktos)
* χερόπληκτος (kheróplēktos)

#### Related terms

* πλήγᾰνον (plḗgănon)
* πληγάς (plēgás)
* πληγή (plēgḗ)
* πλῆγμᾰ (plêgmă)
* πληγμός (plēgmós)
* πλήγνῡμῐ (plḗgnūmĭ)
* πληγοειδής (plēgoeidḗs)
* πληκτέον (plēktéon)
* πληκτήρ (plēktḗr)
* πλήκτης (plḗktēs)
* πληκτίζομαι (plēktízomai)
* πληκτῐκός (plēktĭkós)
* πληκτισμός (plēktismós)
* πληκτός (plēktós)
* πλῆκτρον (plêktron)
* πλῆξῐς (plêxĭs)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλήσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1220

### Further reading

* “πλήσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πλήσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πλήσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πλήσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πλήσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4141 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible