# 滯

| 滯 | U+6EEF, &#28399; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EEF |
| ← 滮 [U+6EEE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 滰 → [U+6EF0] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 滯 |
| Simplified | 滞 |
| Japanese | 滞 |
| Korean | 滯 |

### Han character

滯 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水大心月 (EKPB), four-corner 3412$_7$, composition ⿰氵帶)

#### Derived characters

* 懘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 643, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18075
* Dae Jaweon: page 1051, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1715, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6EEF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 滯
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 帶 | *taːds |
| 蹛 | *taːds, *dads |
| 艜 | *taːds |
| 慸 | *rtʰaːds, *tʰads, *deːds |
| 滯 | *dads |
| 懘 | *tʰjads, *tʰjalʔ |
| 蔕 | *teːds |
| 螮 | *teːds |
| 摕 | *teːds, *deːds, *deːd |
| 僀 | *teːds |
| 殢 | *tʰeːds, *hleːds |
| 遰 | *deːds |
| 墆 | *deːds, *deːd |
| 嵽 | *deːd |
| 蒂 | *teːds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dads) : semantic 水 + phonetic 帶 (OC *taːds).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhì (zhi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tē / thē / tī / thì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ti$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zai$^6$
*** Yale: jaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē
*** Tâi-lô: tē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: de
*** IPA (Xiamen): /te²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thē
*** Tâi-lô: thē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: te
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰe⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
*** Tâi-lô: tī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: di
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ti³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thì
*** Tâi-lô: thì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰi¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ti$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thì
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi²¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit滯 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃz̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sz̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zz̩²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zz̩ʷ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zei²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰe⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /te²²/ /te²¹/ 俗 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɛi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰi²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡si³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: drjejH
Rime :
| Character | 滯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (37) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直例切 |
| Baxter | drjejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]r[a][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dads/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 滯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]r[a][t]-s/ |
| English | obstruct |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1963 |
| Phonetic component | 帶 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 滯 |
| Old Chinese | /*dads/ |

#### Definitions

滯
* stagnant; sluggish
* to hold back; to stay (to hinder); to encumber; to impede
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Shèngrén bù níngzhì yú wù, ér néng yǔ shì tuīyí. [Pinyin]
    Wise ones cannot be held back by external objects; they are in motion together with the world.
* to lag; to be held back; to stagnate
    滯留／滞留 ― zhìliú ― to be held up
    磁滯／磁滞 ― cízhì ― magnetic hysteresis
** to accumulate; to be unable to circulate; to cease flowing
    滯銷／滞销 ― zhìxiāo ― to fail to sell
** to be late in payments; to be in arrears; to be overdue
    滯納金／滞纳金 ― zhìnàjīn ― late fine
* (Cantonese, of the stomach) bloated; uncomfortably full; stuffed
** 2001, “大包整多兩籠大包”, 謝立文 [Brian Tse] (lyrics), 舒曼 [Robert Schumann] (music), performed by 李晉緯:
       daai$^6$ baau$^1$ zing$^2$ do$^1$ loeng$^5$ lung$^4$ m$^4$ paa$^3$ zai$^6$ [Jyutping]
       Two more steamers of large chicken buns for me! I won't fret feeling bloated

#### Compounds

* 不滯 / 不滞
* 停滯 / 停滞 (tíngzhì)
* 停滯不前 / 停滞不前 (tíngzhìbùqián)
* 凝滯 / 凝滞 (níngzhì)
* 否滯 / 否滞
* 呆滯 / 呆滞 (dāizhì)
* 呆滯物料 / 呆滞物料
* 困滯 / 困滞
* 圮滯 / 圮滞
* 壅滯 / 壅滞
* 屈滯 / 屈滞
* 底滯 / 底滞
* 延滯 / 延滞
* 愆滯 / 愆滞
* 撒滯殢 / 撒滞𣨼
* 智能遲滯 / 智能迟滞
* 板滯 / 板滞 (bǎnzhì)
* 沉滯 / 沉滞 (chénzhì)
* 泥滯 / 泥滞
* 流滯 / 流滞
* 淹滯 / 淹滞
* 淤滯 / 淤滞
* 滯伏 / 滞伏
* 滯固 / 滞固
* 滯客 / 滞客
* 滯悶 / 滞闷
* 滯氣 / 滞气
* 滯沛 / 滞沛
* 滯泥 / 滞泥
* 滯淫 / 滞淫
* 滯滯泥泥 / 滞滞泥泥
* 滯留 / 滞留 (zhìliú)
* 滯留鋒 / 滞留锋
* 滯礙 / 滞碍 (zhì'ài)
* 滯積 / 滞积
* 滯納金 / 滞纳金 (zhìnàjīn)
* 滯累 / 滞累
* 滯育期 / 滞育期
* 滯胃 / 滞胃
* 滯訟 / 滞讼
* 滯貨 / 滞货
* 滯鈍 / 滞钝
* 滯銷 / 滞销 (zhìxiāo)
* 濡滯 / 濡滞
* 濘滯 / 泞滞
* 澀滯 / 涩滞
* 獃滯 / 呆滞
* 留滯 / 留滞
* 疑滯 / 疑滞
* 稽滯 / 稽滞
* 羈滯 / 羁滞
* 蹇滯 / 蹇滞 (jiǎnzhì)
* 遲滯 / 迟滞 (chízhì)
* 阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
* 陷滯 / 陷滞

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tù
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tù
*** Tâi-lô: tù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dux
*** IPA (Taipei): /tu¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu²¹/

#### Definitions

滯
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be stopped up; to be blocked

#### Compounds

* 滯滯 / 滞滞

### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Unrelated to 滯／滞 (zhì).”

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dai$^5$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zai$^6$
*** Yale: jaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tai³²/

#### Definitions

滯
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 乜滯 / 乜滞
* 咁滯 / 咁滞
* 得滯 / 得滞

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 滞 |
| Kyūjitai | 滯 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 滞)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Kan’yō-on: たい (tai)
* Kun: とどこおる (todokōru, 滯る)、なずむ (nazumu, 滯む)

## Korean
### Hanja

滯 (eum 체 (che))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

滯: Hán Nôm readings: sệ, chề, trẹ, trệ, trễ, dải, đái, đáy, trề, xễ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.