# اركن
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄rken (“early”), a derivation from *ẹ̄r- (“to be”).

#### Alternative forms

* اِرْ (er), اِیرْ (er)

#### Adjective

اِرْكَنْ (erkän)
* early

#### Adverb

اِرْكَنْ (erkän)
* early

##### Related terms

* اِیكَنْ (ikän)

##### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: erkən
* Gagauz: erken
* Ottoman Turkish: اركن (erken)
** Turkish: erken

#### Further reading

* XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, page 257
* Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022) A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 58
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “erken2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1471

### Etymology 2

Proto-Turkic *erŋgen (“celibate, unmarried, single”), further etymology uncertain; may be a derivation from the root *ēr (“man”), another explanation suggests a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r-, or possibly a contraction of *eringen, from the verb *erin- (“to be lazy”). Cognate with Karakhanid ارنكان (erŋgen).

#### Noun

اَرْكَنْ (ärgän)
* bachelor, celibate man

##### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: ərgən
* Gagauz: ergen
* Ottoman Turkish: اركن (ergen)
** Turkish: ergen

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ergen1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1464
* Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022) “ärgän”, in A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 59
* “ergen”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977, page 259

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erken”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “erken”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 224
* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “erŋe:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 235
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ergen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Old Anatolian Turkish اَرْكَنْ (erkän), Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄rken (“early”), a derivation from *ẹ̄r (“early”) and thus related to ایرته (erte, “tomorrow”). Cognate with Azerbaijani erkən and Turkmen irki.

#### Adjective

اركن • (erken)
* early, premature, at a time in advance of the usual or expected event
    Synonyms: باكر (bakir), زود (zud)

#### Adverb

اركن • (erken)
* early, betimes, at a time before expected, sooner than usual or expected

##### Derived terms

* اركنجه (erkence, “somewhat early”)
* اركنجی (erkenci, “early riser”)
* اركنلتمك (erkenletmek, “to make happen early”)
* اركنلك (erkenlik, “earliness”)
* اركنلمك (erkenlemek, “to be early”)
* اركنلنمك (erkenlemek, “to be early”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: erken

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “erken2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1471
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اركن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 23b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اركن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 69
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Maturè”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1016
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اركن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 248
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erken”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اركن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 72

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَرْكَنْ (ärgän), from Proto-Turkic *erŋgen (“celibate, unmarried, single”), either a derivation from the root *ēr (“man”), or possibly a contraction of *eringen, from the verb *erin- (“to be lazy”). Cognate with Karakhanid ارنكان (erŋgen).

#### Adjective

اركن • (ergen)
* (of a man) celibate, unmarried, single, unwed, having no wife
    Synonyms: بكار (bekâr), عزب (ʼazeb), مجرد (mücerred)

##### Derived terms

* اركنلك (ergenlik, “celibacy, bachelorship”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: ergen
* → Bulgarian: ерген (ergen)
* → Greek: εργένης (ergénis)
* → Macedonian: ерген (ergen)

#### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “erŋe:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 235

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ergen1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1464
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اركن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 23b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اركن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 69
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cælebs”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 132
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اركن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 248
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ergen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اركن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 72