# روشن
## Libyan Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian روزن (rowzan), روزنه (rowzane).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːʃən/

### Noun

روشن (rōšan) m (plural رواشن (rwāšin))
* window

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian lwšn' (rōšn, “light; bright, light”), from Old Persian *rauxšnā, from Proto-Iranian *ráwxšnaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwkšnaH, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂ (“moon”). Doublet of رخشان (raxšân, “bright”) and لوخن (loxan, “moon, moonlight”).
Cognates include Latin lūna, Armenian լուսին (lusin), Old Church Slavonic лоуна (luna).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾaw.ˈʃan], [ɾoː.ˈʃan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räw.ʃǽn], [roː.ʃǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räw.ʃǽn], [roː.ʃǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [räw.ʃǽn], [roː.ʃǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [räw.ʃǽn], [rʊː.ʃǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹow.ʃǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾäw.ʃǽn], [ɾɵ.ʃǽn]
* Audio (Dari):(file)
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Adjective

| Dari | روشن |
| Iranian Persian | روشن |
| Tajik | равшан, рӯшан |
روشن • (rowšan) (comparative روشن‌تَر (rowšan-tar), superlative روشن‌تَرین (rowšan-tarin))
* bright, clear
* light
* luminous
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1106:چون نمی‌آیند اینجا که منم کاندر این عز آفتاب روشنم‏čūn namē-āyand īnjā ki manam k-andar īn izz āftāb rawšanamHow do not they come to this place where I am? —for in this (spiritual) glory I am the shining Sun.
* transparent
* lighted, lit
* on
* clear, conspicuous
* sure, certain

#### Antonyms

* خاموش (xâmuš)

#### Derived terms

* روشن کردن (rowšan kardan)
* روشنی (rowšani)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: রওশন (roōśon)
* → Gujarati: રોશન (rośan)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: रौशन (rauśan)
    Urdu: روشن (rauśan, rośan)
* → Middle Armenian: ռօշան (ṙōšan)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਸ਼ਨ (rośan)
    Shahmukhi script: روشن (rauśan, rośan)

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rōšn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 72.
* Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 420
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “روشن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian روشن (rawšan).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾɔː.ʃən/, /ɾoː.ʃən/

### Adjective

رَوشَن or روشَن • (rauśan or rośan) (Hindi spelling रौशन or रोशन)
* bright, shining, luminous
* illuminated; lit, alight
* manifest, evident, clear
* splendid; good
* enlightened

#### Derived terms

* رَوشَن گَر (rauśan gar, “illuminator”)
* رَوشَن دِل (rauśan dil, “enlightened heart”)

#### Related terms

* رَوشَنی (rauśanī)

### References

* “روشن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “روشن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “روشن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “روشن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.