# 苛

| 苛 | U+82DB, &#33499; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DB |
| ← 苚 [U+82DA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苜 → [U+82DC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

苛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿一弓口 (TMNR), four-corner 4462$_1$, composition ⿱艹可)

#### Derived characters

* 𠶾 渮 𪻸 𦂭 𧪆 𮒠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1022, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30785
* Dae Jaweon: page 1481, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3187, character 3
* Unihan data for U+82DB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːl) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kē, hé (ke$^1$, he$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ, ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ho$^1$ / ho$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ho$^2$ / ho$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kŏ̤ / kò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kho͘ / kho
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ko$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kē
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ke
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^1$
*** Yale: kē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^1$ / ho$^4$
*** Yale: hō / hòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^1$ / ho$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^1$ / ho$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː⁵⁵/, /hɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ho$^2$ / ho$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔ⁵⁵/, /hᵘɔ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kŏ̤ / kò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo⁵⁵/, /kʰo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kor$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho͘
*** Tâi-lô: khoo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho
*** Tâi-lô: kho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoy
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ko$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kho
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo³³/
* Middle Chinese: ha
Rime :
| Character | 苛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡歌切 |
| Baxter | ha |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦa/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7460 |
| Phonetic component | 可 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 何 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːl/ |

#### Definitions

苛
* harsh; severe; exacting
    嚴苛／严苛 ― yánkē ― strict and harsh
    苛責／苛责 ― kēzé ― to severely criticise

#### Compounds

* 嚴苛 / 严苛 (yánkē)
* 煩苛 / 烦苛
* 苛俗
* 苛切
* 苛刻 (kēkè)
* 苛吏 (kēlì)
* 苛嚴 / 苛严
* 苛察
* 苛性 (kēxìng)
* 苛性鹼 / 苛性碱 (kēxìngjiǎn)
* 苛性鹽 / 苛性盐
* 苛慝
* 苛捐雜稅 / 苛捐杂税 (kējuānzáshuì)
* 苛政 (kēzhèng)
* 苛求 (kēqiú)
* 苛濫 / 苛滥
* 苛留
* 苛癢 / 苛痒
* 苛碎
* 苛禮 / 苛礼
* 苛細 / 苛细
* 苛薄
* 苛虐
* 苛責 / 苛责 (kēzé)
* 苛雜 / 苛杂
* 蠲苛

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hē (he$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: he
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

苛
* (alt. form 訶／诃) to denounce; to condemn; to decry

#### Compounds

* 苛止
* 苛留

### Pronunciation 3

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khô
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khô
*** Tâi-lô: khô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qooi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo²⁴/

#### Definitions

苛
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to put on airs; to give oneself airs
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) supercilious; arrogant; haughty; proud

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* torment
* (chemistry) (ateji) caustic

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: いじめる (ijimeru, 苛める)、さいなむ (sainamu, 苛む)、こまかい (komakai)、からい (karai, 苛い)、いらだつ (iradatsu, 苛だつ)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 苛 (MC ha).

### Hanja

Wikisource 苛 (eumhun 매울 가 (mae'ul ga))
* hanja form of 가 (“harsh”)

#### Compounds

* 가금 (苛禁, gageum, “strict”)
* 가책 (苛責, gachaek, “severely criticising”)
* 가학 (苛虐, gahak, “cruelty”)
* 가혹 (苛酷, gahok, “severity; cruelty”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

苛: Hán Nôm readings: hà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.