# tosca
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈtos.kə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈtos.ka]

### Etymology 1

From tosc +‎ -a.

#### Noun

tosca f (plural tosques)
* deposit, incrustation, scale
    Synonym: incrustació
* (dentistry) tartar
* pumice
    Synonyms: pedra tosca, pumicita
* (botany) cork (bark of the cork tree)

##### Derived terms

* toscar
* toscós
* tosquejar

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

tosca
* feminine singular of tosc

### Further reading

* “tosca” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Etymology

From a substrate pre-Latin language, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoska̝/

### Noun

tosca f (plural toscas)
* soft stone

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tosca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tosca”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Julian Santano Moreno (2004) “La familia del IE *teu-"hincharse" en las lenguas romances y en vasco. El sustrato indoeuropeo en la etimologia romance”, in Nouvelle revue d'onomastique‎, volume 43, number 1, →ISSN, pages 3-60

## Irish
### Noun

tosca f pl
* plural of toisc

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Italian
### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto.ska/
* Rhymes: -oska
* Hyphenation: tó‧sca

#### Adjective

tosca f sg
* feminine singular of tosco

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.ska/
* Rhymes: -ɔska
* Hyphenation: tò‧sca

#### Adjective

tosca f sg
* feminine singular of tosco

### Anagrams

* Costa, Tasco, casto, costa, costà, scato-, scota

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* toxa

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *toskō, from Proto-Germanic *tuskô, which Pokorny derives from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn”), see also Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō), Welsh deifio, Proto-Germanic *teuną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoʃ.ʃɑ/

### Noun

tosċa m
* toad
* frog

#### Declension

Weak:

#### Derived terms

* *tosċanlēac

#### Related terms

* tysċa

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “179-81”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 179-81

## Portuguese
### Adjective

tosca
* feminine singular of tosco

## Spanish
### Etymology

Derived from the adjective tosco (“crude, coarse, rough”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoska/ [ˈt̪os.ka]
* Rhymes: -oska
* Syllabification: tos‧ca

### Noun

tosca f (plural toscas)
* (geology) tuff
* (dental hygiene) tartar
    Synonym: sarro

### Adjective

tosca
* feminine singular of tosco

### Further reading

* “tosco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10