# bloom
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bluːm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Homophone: Bloom
* Rhymes: -uːm

### Etymology 1

From Middle English blome, from Old Norse blóm, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô (“flower”). Doublet of bloom (“spongy mass of metal”); see there for more.

#### Noun

bloom (countable and uncountable, plural blooms)
* A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud.
** 1843, William H[ickling] Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Harper and Brothers, […], →OCLC:the rich blooms and enamelled vegetation of the tropics
* (collective) Flowers.
* (uncountable) The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open.
    The cherry trees are in bloom.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:sight of vernal bloom
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto II:O, not for thee the glow, the bloom, ⁠Who changest not in any gale, ⁠Nor branding summer suns avail To touch thy thousand years of gloom: […]
* (figuratively) A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms.
    the bloom of youth
** 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:every successive mother had transmitted to her child a fainter bloom, a more delicate and briefer beauty.
** 1992, “In Bloom”, in Kurt Cobain (lyrics), Nevermind, performed by Nirvana:We can have some more / Nature is a whore / Bruises on the fruit / Tender age in bloom
* Rosy colour; the flush or glow on a person's cheek.
* The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc.
** 2010, Donna Pliner Rodnitzky, Low-Carb Smoothies:The bloom on blueberries is the dusty powder that protects them from the Sun; it does not rinse off.
* Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness.
** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 2, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:a new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom upon it
* (countable, uncountable) An algal bloom.
** 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 28:Where upwellings or other sources of nutrients allow Ehux to abound, it can proliferate, as blooms, to the point that the ocean turns milky.
* The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture.
* A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on well-tanned leather.
* (mineralogy) A bright-hued variety of some minerals.
    the rose-red cobalt bloom
* (cooking) A white area of cocoa butter that forms on the surface of chocolate when warmed and cooled.
* A natural protective coating on an eggshell.
* (television) An undesirable halo effect that may occur when a very bright region is displayed next to a very dark region of the screen.
* (video games) The increase in bullet spread over time as a gun's trigger is kept held.
** 2018 February 21, “Bullet Bloom: An FPS Tragedy”, in CritPoints‎:Bloom does add a skill element, burst firing the weapon instead of holding the trigger down, but it's questionable if adding a skill element like that is the actual intent of bloom, because that’s a pretty lame and linear skill element to add, requiring people to tap the button instead of hold it down.

##### Synonyms

* (flower of a plant): blossom, flower
* (opening of flowers): blossom, flower
* (anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness): flush, glow

##### Derived terms

* abloom
* algal bloom
* Bloomfield
* bloom is off the peach
* bloom is off the rose
* bloomless
* bloomly
* bloomsome
* bloom tea
* bloomy
* checkerbloom
* choking bloom
* embloom
* in bloom
* iron bloom
* maybloom
* nanobloom
* phytoplankton bloom
* sunbloom
* superbloom
* violet bloom
* winterbloom
* zinc bloom

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English bloom (“a blossom”).

#### Verb

bloom (third-person singular simple present blooms, present participle blooming, simple past and past participle bloomed)
* (transitive) To cause to blossom; to make flourish.
** 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):Charitable affection bloomed them.
* (transitive) To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:The Tree of Life […] blooming Ambrosial Fruit Of vegetable Gold.
** 1819 September 19, John Keats, “To Autumn”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 138:Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? / Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,— / While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day, / And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue; [...]
* (intransitive) Of a plant, to produce blooms; to open its blooms.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:A flower which once / In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, / Began to bloom.
* (intransitive, figuratively) To spread; to slowly expand like a field of flowers that blossom in fits and spurts.
    Shadows bloomed over the yard.
    Anger bloomed up from his throat.
* (intransitive, figuratively) Of a person, business, etc, to flourish; to be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigour; to show beauty and freshness.
** 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 171:Nurse Cramer had a cute nose and a radiant, blooming complexion dotted with fetching sprays of adorable freckles that Yossarian detested.
** 2017 May 13, Barney Ronay, “Antonio Conte’s brilliance has turned Chelsea’s pop-up team into champions”, in the Guardian‎:The attacking three have also been allowed to bloom. Liberated from deep defensive duties Eden Hazard has become more expressive, more obviously, flashily complete.
** a. 1788, John Logan, A Tale:A better country blooms to view, / Beneath a brighter sky.
* (cooking) To bring out the flavor of a spice by cooking it in oil.
* (intransitive, cooking, of chocolate) To develop a layer of bloom (white, spotty areas of cocoa butter) due to repeated warming and cooling.
* (cooking) To let carbon dioxide to escape from coffee in order to improve the taste.
* (cooking) To hydrate ingredients (such as gelatin or yeast) before using them.
    Synonyms: (baking, ambiguous) proof, (brewing) rehydrate

##### Synonyms

* (produce blooms): blossom, flower
* (flourish): blossom, flourish, thrive

##### Derived terms

* bloomer
* late bloomer
* let a thousand flowers bloom
* night-blooming jasmine
* outbloom
* overbloom
* rebloom
* unbloomed

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English blome, from Old English blōma (“lump of metal”), from Proto-Germanic *blōmô (“flower”). Cognate with West Frisian blom, Dutch bloem, German Blume, Icelandic blóm, Danish blomme, Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma). Related to blow, blade, blead; also related to flower, foil, and belladonna.

#### Noun

bloom (plural blooms)
* The spongy mass of metal formed in a furnace by the smelting process.
** 1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 26:These metallic bodies gradually increasing in volume finally conglomerate into a larger mass, the bloom, which is extracted from the furnace with tongs.

##### Related terms

* bloomery
* blooming

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Bloom”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.

## Chinook Jargon
### Etymology

Borrowed from English broom.

### Noun

bloom
* broom

#### Derived terms

* mamook bloom

## Manx
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bloom.

### Noun

bloom m (genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])
* (metallurgy) bloom

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.