# 鏨

| 鏨 | U+93E8, &#37864; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93E8 |
| ← 鏧 [U+93E7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鏩 → [U+93E9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鏨 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 十中金 (JLC), four-corner 5210$_9$, composition ⿱斬金)
* engraving tool, chisel

#### Derived characters

* 𧅀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40824
* Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4246, character 20
* Unihan data for U+93E8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 慚 | *zaːm |
| 慙 | *zaːm |
| 鏨 | *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ |
| 槧 | *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ |
| 暫 | *zaːms |
| 蹔 | *zaːms |
| 斬 | *ʔsreːmʔ |
| 獑 | *zeːm, *zaːm |
| 嶃 | *zreːmʔ, *zaːm |
| 覱 | *ʔsraːms |
| 摲 | *sʰraːms |
| 漸 | *ʔsam, *zamʔ |
| 塹 | *sʰams |
| 壍 | *sʰams |
| 嬱 | *sʰams |
| 螹 | *zam, *zamʔ |
| 蔪 | *zamʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàn (zan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chām / chǎm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zam$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
*** Wade–Giles: tsan$^4$
*** Yale: dzàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
*** Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaam$^6$
*** Yale: jaahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zam$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːm²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
*** Tâi-lô: tsām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zam
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /t͡sam²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎm
*** Tâi-lô: tsǎm
*** IPA (Lukang): /t͡sam³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zam$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsăm
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sam³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzam, dzream, dzamX, dzjemX, dzamH
Rime :
| Character | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 崇 (20) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 咸 (151) | 談 (143) | 鹽 (153) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II | I | III | I |
| Fanqie | 昨甘切 | 士咸切 | 才敢切 | 慈染切 | 藏濫切 |
| Baxter | dzam | dzream | dzamX | dzjemX | dzamH |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɑm/ | /d͡ʒˠɛm/ | /d͡zɑm$^X$/ | /d͡ziᴇm$^X$/ | /d͡zɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɑm/ | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæm/ | /d͡zɑm$^X$/ | /d͡ziɛm$^X$/ | /d͡zɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɑm/ | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /d͡zɑm$^X$/ | /d͡zjæm$^X$/ | /d͡zɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zam/ | /ɖ͡ʐəɨm/ | /d͡zam$^X$/ | /d͡ziam$^X$/ | /d͡zam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zɑm/ | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /d͡zɑm$^X$/ | /d͡ziɛm$^X$/ | /d͡zɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɑm/ | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /d͡zɑm$^X$/ | /d͡zĭɛm$^X$/ | /d͡zɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑm/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱăm/ | /d͡zʱɑm$^X$/ | /d͡zʱi̯ɛm$^X$/ | /d͡zʱɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cán | chán | zàn | jiàn | zàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ | caam$^4$ | zaam$^6$ | zim$^6$ | zaam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zaːm/, /*zaːmʔ/, /*zaːms/, /*zeːm/, /*zamʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 | 鏨 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| No. | 16790 | 16792 | 16794 | 16798 | 16813 |
| Phonetic component | 斬 | 斬 | 斬 | 斬 | 斬 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 | 談 | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慙 | 槧 | 暫 | 讒 | 漸 |
| Old Chinese | /*zaːm/ | /*zaːmʔ/ | /*zaːms/ | /*zeːm/ | /*zamʔ/ |

### Definitions

鏨
* chisel
* to carve; to engrave
* (Hokkien) to chop

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 砍, 斬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 砍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 砍, 剁 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 砍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 砍, 㓠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 砍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 并 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 斬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 砍, 剁 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斬, 砍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 砍, 斫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 剉, 鍘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鏨, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 斲, 斬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 斬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 斲 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 斬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 㔍 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 剉, 剁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 砍, 剁 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 剁, 砍 |

### Compounds

* 鏨刀 / 錾刀
* 鏨口兒 / 錾口儿
* 鏨子 / 錾子 (zànzi)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* chisel

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざん (zan)、ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: たがね (tagane, 鏨)、える (eru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鏨
* たがね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鑽

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たがね [tàgáné] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠ɡa̠ne̞]

### Noun

鏨(たがね) • (tagane)
* chisel used for metal

#### Derived terms

* 鏨草(タガネソウ) (taganesō)
* 木鏨(きたがね) (kitagane)

#### See also

* (used for wood) 鑿(のみ) (nomi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鏨 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.