# lumen
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lūmen (“light, an opening”). Use as a unit was first adopted by French physicist André Blondel in 1894.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈluːmən/
* (General American) enPR: lo͞oʹmən, IPA: /ˈlumən/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːmən
* Hyphenation: lu‧men

### Noun

lumen (plural lumens or lumina)
* (physics) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.
* (anatomy) The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ.
* (botany) The cavity bounded by a plant cell wall.
* (medicine) The bore of a tube such as a hollow needle or catheter.

#### Derived terms

* lumenal
* lumen-hour
* lumenless
* lumen method
* lumenogenesis
* lumen-second
* lumen second

#### Related terms

* candela
* luminal
* lux

#### Translations
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlumɛn]
* Hyphenation: lu‧men

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lumen.

#### Noun

lumen m inan
* lumen (unit of luminous flux)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lumen m anim
* capable talented person

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “lumen”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “lumen”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lumen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu(ː)men/, [ˈlu(ː)me̞n]
* Rhymes: -umen
* Hyphenation: lu‧men

#### Noun

lumen
* (physics, anatomy, botany, medicine) lumen

##### Declension

Possessive forms of lumen (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
lumenini
lumenini
accusative
nom.
lumenini
lumenini
gen.
lumenini
genitive
lumenini
lumenieni lumeneideni lumeneitteni
partitive
lumeniani
lumeneitani lumenejani
inessive
lumenissani
lumeneissani
elative
lumenistani
lumeneistani
illative
lumeniini
lumeneihini
adessive
lumenillani
lumeneillani
ablative
lumeniltani
lumeneiltani
allative
lumenilleni
lumeneilleni
essive
lumeninani
lumeneinani
translative
lumenikseni
lumeneikseni
abessive
lumenittani
lumeneittani
instructive
comitative
—lumeneineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
lumenisi
lumenisi
accusative
nom.
lumenisi
lumenisi
gen.
lumenisi
genitive
lumenisi
lumeniesi lumeneidesi lumeneittesi
partitive
lumeniasi
lumeneitasi lumenejasi
inessive
lumenissasi
lumeneissasi
elative
lumenistasi
lumeneistasi
illative
lumeniisi
lumeneihisi
adessive
lumenillasi
lumeneillasi
ablative
lumeniltasi
lumeneiltasi
allative
lumenillesi
lumeneillesi
essive
lumeninasi
lumeneinasi
translative
lumeniksesi
lumeneiksesi
abessive
lumenittasi
lumeneittasi
instructive
comitative
—lumeneinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
lumenimme
lumenimme
accusative
nom.
lumenimme
lumenimme
gen.
lumenimme
genitive
lumenimme
lumeniemme lumeneidemme lumeneittemme
partitive
lumeniamme
lumeneitamme lumenejamme
inessive
lumenissamme
lumeneissamme
elative
lumenistamme
lumeneistamme
illative
lumeniimme
lumeneihimme
adessive
lumenillamme
lumeneillamme
ablative
lumeniltamme
lumeneiltamme
allative
lumenillemme
lumeneillemme
essive
lumeninamme
lumeneinamme
translative
lumeniksemme
lumeneiksemme
abessive
lumenittamme
lumeneittamme
instructive
comitative
—lumeneinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
lumeninne
lumeninne
accusative
nom.
lumeninne
lumeninne
gen.
lumeninne
genitive
lumeninne
lumenienne lumeneidenne lumeneittenne
partitive
lumenianne
lumeneitanne lumenejanne
inessive
lumenissanne
lumeneissanne
elative
lumenistanne
lumeneistanne
illative
lumeniinne
lumeneihinne
adessive
lumenillanne
lumeneillanne
ablative
lumeniltanne
lumeneiltanne
allative
lumenillenne
lumeneillenne
essive
lumeninanne
lumeneinanne
translative
lumeniksenne
lumeneiksenne
abessive
lumenittanne
lumeneittanne
instructive
comitative
—lumeneinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
lumeninsa
lumeninsa
accusative
nom.
lumeninsa
lumeninsa
gen.
lumeninsa
genitive
lumeninsa
lumeniensa lumeneidensa lumeneittensa
partitive
lumeniaan lumeniansa
lumeneitaan lumenejaan lumeneitansa lumenejansa
inessive
lumenissaan lumenissansa
lumeneissaan lumeneissansa
elative
lumenistaan lumenistansa
lumeneistaan lumeneistansa
illative
lumeniinsa
lumeneihinsa
adessive
lumenillaan lumenillansa
lumeneillaan lumeneillansa
ablative
lumeniltaan lumeniltansa
lumeneiltaan lumeneiltansa
allative
lumenilleen lumenillensa
lumeneilleen lumeneillensa
essive
lumeninaan lumeninansa
lumeneinaan lumeneinansa
translative
lumenikseen lumeniksensa
lumeneikseen lumeneiksensa
abessive
lumenittaan lumenittansa
lumeneittaan lumeneittansa
instructive
comitative
—lumeneineen lumeneinensa :

##### Alternative forms

* luumen

#### Further reading

* “lumen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlumen/, [ˈlume̞n]
* Rhymes: -umen
* Hyphenation: lu‧men

#### Noun

lumen
* genitive singular of lumi

### Anagrams

* lemun, melun

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lumen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ly.mɛn/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Noun

lumen m (plural lumens)
* (physics) lumen (SI unit of measurement)
* (anatomy) lumen
* (botany) lumen

### Further reading

* “lumen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *louksmən, from Proto-Indo-European *léwk-s-mn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”).
Equivalent to lūx +‎ -men.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈluː.men/, [ˈɫ̪uːmɛn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlu.men/, [ˈluːmen]

### Noun

lūmen n (genitive lūminis); third declension
* light, source of light
    Synonym: lūx
* (poetic) the eyes
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.185:[...] nec dulcī dēclīnat lūmina somnō.[Rumor] never closes her eyes in sweet slumber.
* (poetic) daylight
* (poetic) brightness
* (poetic) the light of life
* An opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or a window.
* The opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel
* (figuratively) a luminary, star, light (a most distinguished person)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* lūmināre
* lūminātor
* lūminātus
* lūminō
* lūminōsus

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: lumi, lunjinã
* Asturian: llume
* Catalan: llum
* Friulian: lum
* Istriot: loûme
* Italian: lume
* Istro-Romanian: lume
* Megleno-Romanian: lumi
* Mirandese: lhume
* Occitan: lum
* Old Galician-Portuguese: lume
** Galician: lume
** Portuguese: lume
* Piedmontese: lum
* Romanian: lume, lumină
* Sicilian: lumi
* Spanish: lumbre
* Borrowings:
** → Catalan: lumen
** → Czech: lumen
** → English: lumen
** → French: lumen
** → German: Lumen
** → Greek: λούμεν (loúmen)
** → Italian: lumen
** → Polish: lumen
** → Portuguese: lúmen
** → Romanian: lumen
** → Russian: люмен (ljumen)
** → Spanish: lumen
** → Swedish: lumen

### References

* “lumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lumen in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to lose one's sight: oculos, lumina amittere to deprive a person of his eyes: luminibus orbare aliquem to obscure the mental vision: mentis quasi luminibus officere (vid. sect. XIII. 6) or animo caliginem offundere shining lights in the literary world: clarissima litterarum lumina flowers of rhetoric; embellishments of style: lumina, flores dicendi (De Or. 3. 25. 96) to obstruct a person's view, shut out his light by building: luminibus alicuius obstruere, officere
* ↑ Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin lūmen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.mɛn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -umɛn
* Syllabification: lu‧men

### Noun

lumen m inan (abbreviation lm)
* (physics) lumen (derived SI unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela)

#### Derived terms

* lumenogodzina
* lumenometr
* lumenomierz
* lumenosekunda

### Further reading

* lumen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lumen in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* lumen in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lumen, French lumen. Doublet of the inherited lume.

### Noun

lumen m (plural lumeni)
* (physics) lumen (SI unit of measurement)

### Noun

lumen n (plural lumene)
* (anatomy) lumen

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lumen. Doublet of the inherited lumbre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlumen/ [ˈlu.mẽn]
* Rhymes: -umen
* Syllabification: lu‧men

### Noun

lumen m (plural lúmenes)
* lumen

### Further reading

* “lumen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lumen.

### Noun

lumen
* lumen (singular and plural)

### Anagrams

* mulen, mulne