# градъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑdʊ/
* Syllabification: гра‧дъ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ-. Cognate with English yard.

#### Noun

градъ • (gradŭ) m (diminutive градьць, related adjective градьнъ or градьскъ)
* town, city (settlement)
    Synonym: остоꙗниѥ (ostojanije)
    без града ― bez grada ― (a man) without home
    вьсь и градъ ― vĭsĭ i gradŭ ― village and town/city
    икониискъ градъ ― ikoniiskŭ gradŭ ― city of Konya/Iconium
    исаѵрьскъ градъ ― isavrĭskŭ gradŭ ― city of Isauria
    константин҄ь градъ ― konstantinʹĭ gradŭ ― city of Constantinople
    ник҄еискъ градъ ― nikʹjeiskŭ gradŭ ― city of Nicaea
    римьскъ градъ ― rimĭskŭ gradŭ ― Roman town/city
    поустъ градъ ― pustŭ gradŭ ― abandoned town/city
    цѣсарь градъ ― cěsarĭ gradŭ ― imperial seat
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 9:35:῾Ⰺ ⱂⱃⱁⱈⱁⰶⰴⰰⱎⰵ ⰻⱄ҃ⱏ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏⰹ ⰲⱐⱄⱔ ⰻ ⰲⱐⱄⰻ ·[῾Ꙇ прохождаше ис҃ъ градꙑ вьсѧ и вьси ·]῾I proxoždaše is:ŭ grady vĭsę i vĭsi ·And Jesus went through all the towns and villages
** 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 106:7:(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)[наведе ѩ на пѫтъ правъ • въніті въ градъ обитѣльнъи]navede ję na pǫtŭ pravŭ • vŭniti vŭ gradŭ obitělĭnŷihe led them by a straight way to an inhabited city
* town, city (people living in town, city)
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 8:34:ⰺ ⱄⰵ ⰲⰵⱄⱐ ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ ⰻⰸⰻⰴⱘ ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰻⰲⱘ ⰻⱄ҃ⰲⰻ ·[ꙇ се весь градъ изидѫ противѫ ис҃ви]i se vesĭ gradŭ izidǫ protivǫ is:viThen the whole town went out to meet Jesus
* city walls
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 204, line 9:саторнинъ же имѣаше село вьнѣ градаsatorninŭ že iměaše selo vĭně gradathat Saturninus had a village outside of the city walls
* garden, park (outdoor area containing one or more types of plants)
    Synonym: врьтъ (vrĭtŭ)
** 11th century, Sava's book (in Old Cyrillic), Gospel of John 18:26:не азъ ли тѧ видѣхъ въ градѣne azŭ li tę viděxŭ vŭ graděDidn’t I see you in the garden?
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 301, line 11:ꙗкоже въ градѣ ни смокꙑ бѫдетъ· ни дѫбъ никакъже многꙑѧ ради топлотꙑ и соухотꙑ·jakože vŭ gradě ni smoky bǫdetŭ· ni dǫbŭ nikakŭže mnogyję radi toploty i suxoty·that in the garden there will be no figs or any trees because of the great heat and dryness

##### Alternative forms

* ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ) — Glagolitic

##### Derived terms

* възграждениѥ (vŭzgraždenije)
* градьникъ (gradĭnikŭ)
* ограда (ograda)
* приградъ (prigradŭ)
* свѧтъ градъ (svętŭ gradŭ)
* възградити pf (vŭzgraditi)
* възграждати impf (vŭzgraždati)
* градити impf (graditi)
* заградити pf (zagraditi)
* оградити pf (ograditi)
* заградьнъ (zagradĭnŭ)
* градьскꙑ (gradĭsky)

##### Descendants

* Bulgarian: град (grad)
* Macedonian: град (grad)
* → Old East Slavic: градъ (gradŭ)
** Old Ruthenian: градъ (hrad)
*** Belarusian: град (hrad) (obsolete)
*** Carpathian Rusyn: град (hrad)
*** Ukrainian: град (hrad) (archaic or poetic)
** Russian: град (grad) (archaic or poetic)
* → Old Novgorodian: граде (grade)

#### References

* “градъ1”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2025
* Havlová, Eva, editor (1994), “gradъ$_1$”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 4 (gostь – istonǫti), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 198

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-. Cognate with Latin grandō, Lithuanian grúodas and Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut).

#### Noun

градъ • (gradŭ) m
* (meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)
** 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 77:47:(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)[ꙇзбі градомь віна ꙇхъ]izbi gradomĭ vina ixŭhe destroyed their vineyards with hail

##### Descendants

* Bulgarian: град (grad)
* Macedonian: град (grad)

#### References

* “градъ2”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2025
* Havlová, Eva, editor (1994), “gradъ$_2$”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 4 (gostь – istonǫti), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 199