# ぴかぴか
## Japanese
### Etymology

/fikafika/ → /pikapika/
First attested as ひかひか (fikafika) in the 1595 Dictionarivm Latino Lvsitanicvm, ac Iaponicvm (“Dictionary from Latin into Portuguese, and Japanese”).
Reduplication of the ひか (hika-) root of Old Japanese-derived verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to gleam”), which root is from Proto-Japonic *pika. See also *pikaru.
As part of the Late Middle Japanese reintroduction of /p/ as a phoneme, particularly among mimetic words and in some Sino-Japanese compounds, this word regained its original /p/ sound that had by then shifted to /ɸ/.

### Pronunciation 1

* (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [pìkáꜜpìkà] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [píꜜkàpìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [pʲika̠pʲika̠]

#### Adverb

ぴかぴか or ピカピカ • (pikapika)
* (onomatopoeia) glitteringly, sparklingly

##### Usage notes

Generally used without a particle:
* ぴかぴか光(ひか)る宝(ほう)石(せき) ― pikapika hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel
Sometimes encountered with the adverbial particle と (to):
* ぴかぴかと光(ひか)る宝(ほう)石(せき) ― pikapika to hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel

##### Derived terms

* ぴっかぴか (pikkapika)
* ピカチュウ (Pikachū, “Pikachu”)
* ぴかつく (pikatsuku)

##### Descendants

* →⇒ Korean: 삐까삐까 (ppikkappikka, “equally matched, nip and tuck”)

##### See also

* ひかひか (hikahika)
* びかびか (bikabika)

### Pronunciation 2

* (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [pìkápíká] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [pʲika̠pʲika̠]

#### Adjective

ぴかぴか or ピカピカ • (pikapika) -na (adnominal ぴかぴかな (pikapika na), adverbial ぴかぴかに (pikapika ni))
* shiny, glossy
    ぴかぴかなグラス ― pikapika na gurasu ― a shiny drinking glass
    ピカピカの一(いち)年(ねん)生(せい) ― pikapika no ichinensei ― a shiny, fresh first-year student

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | ぴかぴかだろ | pikapika daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | ぴかぴかで | pikapika de |
| Terminal (終止形) | ぴかぴかだ | pikapika da |
| Attributive (連体形) | ぴかぴかな | pikapika na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | ぴかぴかなら | pikapika nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | ぴかぴかであれ | pikapika de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | ぴかぴかではない ぴかぴかじゃない | pikapika de wa nai pikapika ja nai |
| Informal past | ぴかぴかだった | pikapika datta |
| Informal negative past | ぴかぴかではなかった ぴかぴかじゃなかった | pikapika de wa nakatta pikapika ja nakatta |
| Formal | ぴかぴかです | pikapika desu |
| Formal negative | ぴかぴかではありません ぴかぴかじゃありません | pikapika de wa arimasen pikapika ja arimasen |
| Formal past | ぴかぴかでした | pikapika deshita |
| Formal negative past | ぴかぴかではありませんでした ぴかぴかじゃありませんでした | pikapika de wa arimasen deshita pikapika ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | ぴかぴかで | pikapika de |
| Conditional | ぴかぴかなら（ば） | pikapika nara (ba) |
| Provisional | ぴかぴかだったら | pikapika dattara |
| Volitional | ぴかぴかだろう | pikapika darō |
| Adverbial | ぴかぴかに | pikapika ni |
| Degree | ぴかぴかさ | pikapikasa |

##### Derived terms

* ぴっかぴか (pikkapika)
* 光(ぴか)一(いち) (pikaichi)
* 金(きん)ぴか (kinpika)
* つるぴか (tsurupika)
* 安(やす)ぴか (yasupika)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN; source text visible online here, in the Coruscus entry, third down in the left-hand column, in the adverbial form ficaficato
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN