# σῴζω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σᾰόω (săóō), σάωμῐ (sáōmĭ), σόω (sóō), σώζω (sṓzō), σώω (sṓō)

### Etymology

σῶς (sôs, “safe, sound”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔ̌ːi̯z.dɔː/ → /ˈso.zo/ → /ˈso.zo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sɔ̌ːi̯z.dɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈso.zo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈso.zo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈso.zo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈso.zo/

### Verb

σῴζω • (sṓizō)
* to save
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.430:ὁ μὲν ἐν μέσῳ ἄνδρα φέρεσκε, τὼ δ’ ἑτέρω ἑκάτερθεν ἴτην σώοντες ἑταίρους.ho mèn en mésōi ándra phéreske, tṑ d’ hetérō hekáterthen ítēn sṓontes hetaírous.The one in the middle in each case bore a man, and the other two went, one on either side, saving my comrades.
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.503:νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν.nûn árkion ḕ apolésthai ēè saōthênai kaì apṓsasthai kakà nēôn.Now it is sure that we must either perish utterly or find deliverance by thrusting back the peril from the ships.
** to heal
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, The Coan Praenotions 136
** (Christianity) to save
*** 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 1:21:εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς […] σῶσαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας.eudókēsen ho theòs […] sôsai toùs pisteúontas.it was God's good pleasure […] to save those who believe
** (rare in Homer) Ι keep safe, preserve
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.230:ἀλλὰ σάω μὲν ταῦτα, σάω δ’ ἐμέ:allà sáō mèn taûta, sáō d’ emé:Nay, save this [treasure], and save me.
** to keep, observe, maintain
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 241:σῴζων ἐφετμὰς Λοξίου χρηστηρίους, πρόσειμι δῶμα καὶ βρέτας τὸ σόν, θεά.sṓizōn ephetmàs Loxíou khrēstēríous, próseimi dôma kaì brétas tò són, theá.Keeping the commands of Loxias' oracle, I now approach your house and image, goddess.
** (usually middle) to keep in mind, remember
*** 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 266:Ἕλληνες ἐπελάθοντο, τὰς δὲ μὴ κακὰς ἔσῳζον ὥσπερ τὰς κακὰς σῴζουσί μου.Héllēnes epeláthonto, tàs dè mḕ kakàs ésōizon hṓsper tàs kakàs sṓizousí mou.The Hellenes would have forgotten the evil fate that I now have, and would remember what part of my life is not evil, as they now remember what is.
** to bring safely (to)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.451:τὸν δ’ ἐσάωσεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάςtòn d’ esáōsen es potamoû prokhoásand [the god] brought him safely to the mouth of the river
** to rescue
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.752:εἰ μή σφωε πατὴρ εὐρὺ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων ἐκ πολέμου ἐσάωσε καλύψας ἠέρι πολλῇ.ei mḗ sphōe patḕr eurù kreíōn enosíkhthōn ek polémou esáōse kalúpsas ēéri pollêi.but that their father, the wide-ruling Shaker of Earth, saved them from war
** to save for
*** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1022.τὰ μηρἴ ἐξελὼν δεῦρ’ ἔκφερε, χοὔτω τὸ πρόβατον τῷ χορηγῷ σῴζεται.:Cut off the legs and bring them here; thus the carcass will be saved for the Choregus.
** (with infinitive)
*** 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 600.κομπὸς εἶ σπονδαῖς πεποιθώς, αἵ σε σῴζουσιν θανεῖν.:Relying on the truce, which saves you from dying, you turn boaster.
** (with participle)
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia :αἱρετώτερόν ἐστι μαχομένους ἀποθνῄσκειν μᾶλλον ἢ φεύγοντας σῴζεσθαιhairetṓterón esti makhoménous apothnḗiskein mâllon ḕ pheúgontas sṓizesthaiit is better to die in battle than to save one's life by running away

#### Inflection

Attested irregularly conjugated forms include the Laconian third-person singular present active indicative, σωάδδει (sōáddei), and third-person singular aorist active indicative, ἀπεσόϊξεν (apesóïxen)—both found in the Hesychian lexicon—as well as an unspecified form of the otherwise unattested variant spelling, σωννύω (sōnnúō), reportedly used in the fifth fragment of Dinolochus (487 BC).

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓νᾰσῴζω (ănăsṓizō)
* ἀντῐσῴζω (antĭsṓizō)
* ᾰ̓ποσῴζω (ăposṓizō)
* ᾰ̓́σωστος (ắsōstos)
* ᾰ̓́σωτος (ắsōtos)
* βῐοσσόος (bĭossóos)
* βροτοσσόος (brotossóos)
* δημοσσόος (dēmossóos)
* δῐᾰσῴζω (dĭăsṓizō)
* δῠ́σσοος (dŭ́ssoos)
* ἐκσῴζω (eksṓizō)
* εὔσοος (eúsoos)
* κᾰτᾰσῴζω (kătăsṓizō)
* μελισσοσόος (melissosóos)
* μηλοσσόος (mēlossóos)
* νηοσόος (nēosóos)
* ξενοσσόος (xenossóos)
* οἰκοσόος (oikosóos)
* πᾰλῐ́νσοος (pălĭ́nsoos)
* πᾰρᾰσῴζω (părăsṓizō)
* περισῴζω (perisṓizō)
* πολῐσσόος (polĭssóos)
* πῠρῐ́σσοος (pŭrĭ́ssoos)
* σῠσσῴζω (sŭssṓizō)
* Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrắtēs)
* Σωσιγένης (Sōsigénēs)
* σωσίοικος (sōsíoikos)
* Σωσῐ́πᾰτρος (Sōsĭ́pătros)
* σωσίπολῐς (sōsípolĭs)
* Σώφιλος (Sṓphilos)
* φῐλᾰ́σωτος (phĭlắsōtos)
* ψῡχοσσόος (psūkhossóos)

#### Related terms

* σῶς (sôs)
* σωστέος (sōstéos)
* σωστῐκός (sōstĭkós)
* σωστός (sōstós)
* σῶστρᾰ (sôstră)
* σώτειρᾰ (sṓteiră)
* σωτήρ (sōtḗr)
* σωτηρῐ́ᾱ (sōtērĭ́ā)
* σωτήρῐος (sōtḗrĭos)
* σωτηριώδης (sōtēriṓdēs)
* σῶτρον (sôtron)

#### Descendants

* Greek: σώζω (sózo)

#### References

* “σῴζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* σῴζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G4982 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN