# 風邪
## Chinese

* 風邪

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēngxié
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄒㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fung$^1$ ce$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-sià
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-siâ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$fon-zhia
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngxié
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄒㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fongsié
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-hsieh$^2$
*** Yale: fēng-syé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengshye
*** Palladius: фэнсе (fɛnse)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^1$ ce$^4$
*** Yale: fūng chèh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^1$ tse$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^1$ cé$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-sià
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ xia$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ xia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴ si̯a¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-siâ
*** Tâi-lô: hong-siâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongsiaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ sia²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$fon-zhia
*** MiniDict: fon$^平$ zhia
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$fon-xxia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ⁵⁵ ʑia²¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjuwng zjae
Rime :
| Character | 風 | 邪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 方戎切 | 似嗟切 |
| Baxter | pjuwng | zjae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨuŋ/ | /zia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piuŋ/ | /zia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuŋ/ | /zia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puwŋ/ | /zia/ |
| Li Rong | /piuŋ/ | /zia/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuŋ/ | /zĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯uŋ/ | /zi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēng | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^1$ | ce$^4$ |

### Noun

風邪
* (traditional Chinese medicine) pathogenic influence; cold
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Dì cháng xìng yuànpǔ lígōng, hòu zhé yǐ fēngxié lù wù wèi jiè. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 風寒／风寒 (fēnghán)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 風 | 邪 |
| かぜ ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
From 風 (kaze, “wind”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 風邪 / 风邪 (fēngxié).
First cited to a text from 984 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かぜ [kàzé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

風邪(かぜ) or 風邪(カゼ) • (kaze)
* [from 984] (medicine) a cold (illness)
    風邪(かぜ)を引(ひ)く
       kaze o hiku
       to catch a cold
** 1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 102:
    ——ああ、おまえがカゼひいた時(とき)一晩(ばん)中(じゅう)看(かん)病(びょう)してくれた、コンビニエンスストアで知(し)り合(あ)った女(じょ)子(し)大(だい)生(せい)。
       ——Ā, omae ga kaze hiita toki hitobanjū kanbyō shite kureta, konbiniensu sutoa de shiriatta joshi daisei.
       ——Ah, that college schoolgirl you met at a convenience store who spent all night nursing​ you when you caught that cold.

##### Derived terms

* 風邪(かぜ)気(ぎ)味(み) (kazegimi): being under the weather, feeling like a cold is starting
* 風邪(かぜ)薬(ぐすり) (kazegusuri): cold medicine
* 風邪(かぜ)気(け) (kazeke): being under the weather, feeling like a cold is starting (less common than kazegimi)
* 風邪(かぜ)声(ごえ) (kazegoe): a hoarse voice, having a frog in one's throat
* 風邪(かぜ)引(ひ)き (kazehiki): catching a cold; someone who has caught a cold

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 風 | 邪 |
| ふう Grade: 2 | じゃ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 風邪 (MC pjuwng zjae).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふうじゃ [fúꜜùjà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) ふうじゃ [fùújá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟ːʑa̠]

#### Noun

風(ふう)邪(じゃ) • (fūja)
* (medicine) a cold (illness)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN