# 兮

| 兮 | U+516E, &#20846; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516E |
| ← 六 [U+516D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 兯 → [U+516F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

兮 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金一女尸 (CMVS), four-corner 8020$_7$, composition ⿱八丂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1455
* Dae Jaweon: page 283, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 6
* Unihan data for U+516E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兮 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj11575j11576j11577j11578j11579j11580j11581j11582j11583j11584j11585Bronze inscriptionsb07112b07113b07114b07115b07116b07117b07118Small seal scripts03508Transcribed ancient scriptsL02483L02484L02485 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 盻 | *ŋeːs, *ɢeːs |
| 兮 | *ɢeː |
| 枍 | *qeːs |
Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hai$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ê / hê
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hai$^4$
*** Yale: hàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐi̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ê / hê
*** Tâi-lô: ê / hê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ee, hee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /e¹³/, /he¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e²³/, /he²³/
* ê - vernacular(or actually pronunciation of other characters, see 个);
* hê - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit兮 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /i⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦi²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕi³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕi³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hi⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hi²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɐi²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /he³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hie⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hi³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hi²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: hej
Rime :
| Character | 兮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡雞切 |
| Baxter | hej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣei/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡˤe/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢeː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 兮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hej › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡˁe/ |
| English | (final particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 兮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13231 |
| Phonetic component | 兮 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 奚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢeː/ |

### Definitions

兮
* (literary) Sentence-internal or final exclamatory particle.
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tuò xī tuò xī, fēng qí chuī rǔ. [Pinyin]
    Ye withered leaves! Ye withered leaves! How the wind is blowing you away!
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ Xià wèn yuē: “‘qiǎoxiào qiàn xī, měimù pàn xī, sù yǐwéi xuàn xī.’ Héwèi yě?” [Pinyin]
    Zi Xia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the passage - 'The pretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white of her eye! The plain ground for the colors?'"
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Yuān xī sì wànwù zhī zōng. [Pinyin]
    How deep and unfathomable it is, as if it were the Honoured Ancestor of all things!
    From: 《蘭皐平生詩》 (The Poem of My Life), death poem of Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1863
    Gwi hye yeok nan jeo yeok nan, giil banghwang jungno bang? [Sino-Korean]
    Oh, it is difficult to go home, but so it is to stay; how many days more shall I roam the roads?
* (Central Min, Puxian Min) Possessive particle.
* (Southern Min) Alternative form of 个 (possessive particle)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 之 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 的 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 的 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嘅 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘅 † |
| Cantonese | Macau | 嘅 † |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 個, 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 個 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 個 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 個 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 嘅 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 個 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 個 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 個 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 個 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 個 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 個 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 個 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 個 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 個 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 個 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 個 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 個 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 嘅 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 仂 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 的 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 個 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 個 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 其 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 個 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 個 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 個 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 個 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 個 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 個 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 個 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 個 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 個 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 個 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 個 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 個 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 個 † |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 個 † |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 個 † |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 個 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 個 † |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 個 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 個 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 個 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 兮 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 兮 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 個 † |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 嘅 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 嘅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 個 † |
| Wu | Suzhou | 個 † |
| Wu | Wuxi | 個 † |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 的 † |
| Wu | Ningbo | 個 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 個 † |
| Xiang | Changsha | 的 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 個 |
| Xiang | Shaoyang | 個 |
| Note | † - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts | † - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts |

### Compounds

* 伯兮
* 兮兮 (xīxī)
* 兮晡
* 巧笑倩兮
* 慘兮兮 / 惨兮兮 (cǎnxīxī)
* 歸去來兮 / 归去来兮
* 神經兮兮 / 神经兮兮 (shénjīngxīxī)
* 簡兮 / 简兮
* 蘀兮 / 萚兮
* 髒兮兮 / 脏兮兮 (zāngxīxī)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Auxiliary word for euphony or emphasis.

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: の (no)

## Korean
### Hanja

兮 (eum 혜 (hye))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

兮: Hán Nôm readings: hề
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.