# carcinoma
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin carcinōma (“tumour; ulcer; carcinoma”), from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (kărkĭ́nōmă, “sore, ulcer; cancer”), from καρκινόω (karkinóō, “to make (something) resemble a crab”, in the mediopassive "to become cancerous; to suffer from cancer") + -μᾰ (-mă, action noun suffix). Καρκινόω is derived from καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab; the zodiac sign Cancer; sore, ulcer; cancer”) (according to Paul of Aegina (c. 625 – c. 690) in his Medical Compendium in Seven Books, because the veins surrounding a cancerous tumour resemble a crab’s legs). The English word is a doublet of cancer, and may be analysed as carcino- +‎ -oma.
The plural form carcinomata is a learned borrowing from Latin carcinōmata, from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (kărkĭnṓmătă).

### Pronunciation

* Singular:
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/, /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** (General American) IPA: /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmə/, /-sə-/
* Audio (US):(file)
** Rhymes: -əʊmə
** Hyphenation: car‧ci‧no‧ma
* Plural (carcinomata):
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmətə/, /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmətə/
** (General American) IPA: /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmətə/, /-sə-/, [-ɾə]
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌkɑːsɪnəʊˈmɑːtə/, /ˌkɑːsnəʊˈmɑːtə/
** (General American) IPA: /ˌkɑɹsɪnoʊˈmɑtə/, /-sə-/, [-ɾə]
** Hyphenation: car‧ci‧no‧ma‧ta

### Noun

carcinoma (countable and uncountable, plural carcinomas or carcinomata) (oncology)
* (countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
* (obsolete, countable) A form of cancer; (uncountable) cancer in general as a disease.
** 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXIII.] Of Peares, and the Properties Observed in Them. Of Tame Figge Trees, and Their Figges. Of the Wild Figge Tree. Of Erineus, and Other Plants, with the Medicines which They Affourd..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 167:Take the fatteſt and fulleſt Figs you can get, lay them upon the ugly and ill favored tumor called Carcinoma, i. the Canker, ſo it be not yet exulcerat, I aſſure you it is a ſoveraine remedie, and hardly can be matched againe: […]

#### Hypernyms

* cancer
* malignancy

#### Hyponyms

* adenocarcinoma
* lymphoma

#### Coordinate terms

* sarcoma

#### Derived terms

* adenocarcinoma
* adenoid cystic carcinoma
* adenoidcystic carcinoma
* adenosquamocarcinoma
* adrenocarcinoma
* anticarcinoma
* basal cell carcinoma
* carcinomagenesis
* carcinomal
* carcinomatoid
* carcinomatophobia
* carcinomatosis
* carcinomatous
* carcinomic
* chimney sweep's carcinoma
* cholangiocarcinoma
* cholangocarcinoma
* cholioangiocarcinoma
* choriocarcinoma
* comedocarcinoma
* cystadenocarcinoma
* cystoadenocarcinoma
* cystocarcinoma
* dysgerminoma
* embryocarcinoma
* fibrocarcinoma
* gastroadenocarcinoma
* gastrocarcinoma
* hepatocarcinoma
* hepatocellular carcinoma
* hepatocholangiocarcinoma
* hidradenocarcinoma
* laryngocarcinoma
* lymphadenocarcinoma
* macrocarcinoma
* mastocarcinoma
* melanocarcinoma
* metaplastic carcinoma
* microcarcinoma
* nasopharyngeal carcinoma
* nephrocarcinoma
* nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome
* nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
* osteocarcinoma
* paracarcinoma
* porocarcinoma
* prostatic adenocarcinoma
* renal cell carcinoma
* small-cell carcinoma
* squamoadenocarcinoma
* teratocarcinoma
* tetracarcinoma

#### Related terms

* carcinoembryonic
* carcinogen
* carcinogenesis
* carcinogenic
* carcinoid
* carcinosis

#### See also

* basalioma
* encephaloma (dated)
* fibroepithelioma
* melanoma

### References

* ↑ Paulus Ægineta (1846) “Book VI”, in Francis Adams, transl., The Seven Books of Paulus Ægineta. Translated from the Greek. With a Commentary Embracing a Complete View of the Knowledge Possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on All Subjects Connected with Medicine and Surgery. […], volume II, London: […] [C. and J. Adlard] for the Sydenham Society, →OCLC, section XLV (On Cancer), page 332: “It [a tumour] has veins stretched on all sides as the animal the crab (cancer) has its feet, whence it derives its name.”
* ↑ “"carcinoma." Oxford English and Spanish Dictionary, Lexico”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2022 February 4 (last accessed), archived from the original on 4 February 2022
* ↑ "carcinoma." www.merriam-webster.com

### Further reading

* carcinoma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* macaronic, maccaroni

## Catalan
### Noun

carcinoma m (plural carcinomes)
* (oncology) carcinoma

#### Further reading

* “carcinoma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Interlingua
### Noun

carcinoma (plural carcinomas)
* carcinoma

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin carcĭnōma (“a cancerous ulcer”), from Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).

### Noun

carcinoma m (plural carcinomi)
* (oncology) carcinoma

#### Derived terms

* adenocarcinoma
* epatocarcinoma

### Anagrams

* monacarci

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kar.kiˈnoː.ma/, [kärkɪˈnoːmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kar.t͡ʃiˈno.ma/, [kärt͡ʃiˈnɔːmä]

### Noun

carcinōma n (genitive carcinōmatis); third declension
* carcinoma

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Descendants

* Catalan: carcinoma m
* Czech: karcinom
* Finnish: karsinooma
* French: carcinome
* Galician: carcinoma m
* German: Karzinom n
* Hungarian: karcinóma
* Ido: karcinomo
* Irish: carcanóma m
* Italian: carcinoma
* Portuguese: carcinoma
* Russian: карцино́ма f (karcinóma)
* Serbo-Croatian: karcinom m
* Spanish: carcinoma m
* Swedish: karcinom n
* Tagalog: karsinoma

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kaʁ.siˈnõ.mɐ/ [kah.siˈnõ.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kaʁ.siˈnõ.mɐ/ [kah.siˈnõ.mɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /kaɾ.siˈnõ.mɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kaʁ.siˈnõ.mɐ/ [kaχ.siˈnõ.mɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kaɻ.siˈno.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐɾ.siˈno.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -omɐ
* Hyphenation: car‧ci‧no‧ma

### Noun

carcinoma m (plural carcinomas)
* (oncology) carcinoma (type of malignant tumour)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin carcinōma, from Ancient Greek καρκίνωμα (karkínōma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /kaɾθiˈnoma/ [kaɾ.θiˈno.ma]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /kaɾsiˈnoma/ [kaɾ.siˈno.ma]
* Rhymes: -oma
* Syllabification: car‧ci‧no‧ma

### Noun

carcinoma m (plural carcinomas)
* (oncology) carcinoma (type of malignant tumour)

#### Related terms

* carcinomatosis

#### Further reading

* “carcinoma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10