# cumulus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˈkjuː.mjə.ləs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːmjələs
* Hyphenation: cu‧mu‧lus

### Noun

cumulus (plural cumuli)
* A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection.
** 1878 November 8, C. Todd, “Observations at the Adelaide Observatory”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 39, number 1, page 18:In the sketch (which is taken about 75 Jovian days after that of the 2nd July) there is shown a dark copper-coloured streak along the southern margin of the south brown belt, butting on to a bluff-headed streak of cumulus cloud which may be the same remarkable bluff head noticed on July 2.
** 1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope Enlivens the Country”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 102:There were some new cumuli in the east, out above the water, and they began to take the late afternoon sun.
** 2007 September 1, "Who’s afraid of Google?: The world’s internet superpower faces testing times", in The Economist, The Economist Newspaper Ltd, ISSN 0013-0613, volume 384, number 8544, page 9,
    Ironically, there is something rather cloudlike about the multiple complaints surrounding Google. The issues are best parted into two cumuli: a set of “public” arguments about how to regulate Google; and a set of “private” ones for Google’s managers, to do with the strategy the firm needs to get through the coming storm.
* A mound or heap.

#### Derived terms

* cumulus oophorus
* fumulus
* pyrocumulus
* roll cumulus
* stratocumulus

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkumulus/, [ˈkumulus̠]
* Rhymes: -umulus
* Hyphenation: cu‧mu‧lus

### Noun

cumulus
* cumulus (cloud)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of cumulus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cumulukseni
cumulukseni
accusative
nom.
cumulukseni
cumulukseni
gen.
cumulukseni
genitive
cumulukseni
cumulusteni cumuluksieni
partitive
cumulustani
cumuluksiani
inessive
cumuluksessani
cumuluksissani
elative
cumuluksestani
cumuluksistani
illative
cumulukseeni
cumuluksiini
adessive
cumuluksellani
cumuluksillani
ablative
cumulukseltani
cumuluksiltani
allative
cumulukselleni
cumuluksilleni
essive
cumuluksenani
cumuluksinani
translative
cumuluksekseni
cumuluksikseni
abessive
cumuluksettani
cumuluksittani
instructive
comitative
—cumuluksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cumuluksesi
cumuluksesi
accusative
nom.
cumuluksesi
cumuluksesi
gen.
cumuluksesi
genitive
cumuluksesi
cumulustesi cumuluksiesi
partitive
cumulustasi
cumuluksiasi
inessive
cumuluksessasi
cumuluksissasi
elative
cumuluksestasi
cumuluksistasi
illative
cumulukseesi
cumuluksiisi
adessive
cumuluksellasi
cumuluksillasi
ablative
cumulukseltasi
cumuluksiltasi
allative
cumuluksellesi
cumuluksillesi
essive
cumuluksenasi
cumuluksinasi
translative
cumulukseksesi
cumuluksiksesi
abessive
cumuluksettasi
cumuluksittasi
instructive
comitative
—cumuluksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cumuluksemme
cumuluksemme
accusative
nom.
cumuluksemme
cumuluksemme
gen.
cumuluksemme
genitive
cumuluksemme
cumulustemme cumuluksiemme
partitive
cumulustamme
cumuluksiamme
inessive
cumuluksessamme
cumuluksissamme
elative
cumuluksestamme
cumuluksistamme
illative
cumulukseemme
cumuluksiimme
adessive
cumuluksellamme
cumuluksillamme
ablative
cumulukseltamme
cumuluksiltamme
allative
cumuluksellemme
cumuluksillemme
essive
cumuluksenamme
cumuluksinamme
translative
cumulukseksemme
cumuluksiksemme
abessive
cumuluksettamme
cumuluksittamme
instructive
comitative
—cumuluksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cumuluksenne
cumuluksenne
accusative
nom.
cumuluksenne
cumuluksenne
gen.
cumuluksenne
genitive
cumuluksenne
cumulustenne cumuluksienne
partitive
cumulustanne
cumuluksianne
inessive
cumuluksessanne
cumuluksissanne
elative
cumuluksestanne
cumuluksistanne
illative
cumulukseenne
cumuluksiinne
adessive
cumuluksellanne
cumuluksillanne
ablative
cumulukseltanne
cumuluksiltanne
allative
cumuluksellenne
cumuluksillenne
essive
cumuluksenanne
cumuluksinanne
translative
cumulukseksenne
cumuluksiksenne
abessive
cumuluksettanne
cumuluksittanne
instructive
comitative
—cumuluksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cumuluksensa
cumuluksensa
accusative
nom.
cumuluksensa
cumuluksensa
gen.
cumuluksensa
genitive
cumuluksensa
cumulustensa cumuluksiensa
partitive
cumulustaan cumulustansa
cumuluksiaan cumuluksiansa
inessive
cumuluksessaan cumuluksessansa
cumuluksissaan cumuluksissansa
elative
cumuluksestaan cumuluksestansa
cumuluksistaan cumuluksistansa
illative
cumulukseensa
cumuluksiinsa
adessive
cumuluksellaan cumuluksellansa
cumuluksillaan cumuluksillansa
ablative
cumulukseltaan cumulukseltansa
cumuluksiltaan cumuluksiltansa
allative
cumulukselleen cumuluksellensa
cumuluksilleen cumuluksillensa
essive
cumuluksenaan cumuluksenansa
cumuluksinaan cumuluksinansa
translative
cumuluksekseen cumulukseksensa
cumuluksikseen cumuluksiksensa
abessive
cumuluksettaan cumuluksettansa
cumuluksittaan cumuluksittansa
instructive
comitative
—cumuluksineen cumuluksinensa :

#### Synonyms

* cumuluspilvi
* kumpupilvi

#### Derived terms

* cumuluspilvi

### Further reading

* “cumulus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cumulus m (plural cumulus)
* cumulus

### Further reading

* “cumulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱu-m-olo (“heap”), from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”); see also Ancient Greek κῦμᾰ (kûmă, “swell, wave”), Lithuanian saunas (“firm, fit, solid, capable”), and Sanskrit श्वयति (śvayati, “swell”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈku.mu.lus/, [ˈkʊmʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈku.mu.lus/, [ˈkuːmulus]

### Noun

cumulus m (genitive cumulī); second declension
* heap, pile
    Synonyms: acervus, moles, massa
* surplus
* summit

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* cumulō

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: cúmul
* French: comble, → cumulus
** → Catalan: comble
** → Spanish: comble
* Italian: cumolo, → cumulo
* Portuguese: cômoro, combro, → cúmulo
* → Spanish: cúmulo (learned)
* → Proto-Brythonic: *kuml (see there for further descendants)
* → English: cumulus
* → Finnish: cumulus
* → Greek: κούλουμα (koúlouma)
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *culumus
** Catalan: gom
** Spanish: colmo

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cumulus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 152-3

### Further reading

* “cumulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cumulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cumulus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cumulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1)
* cumulus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cumulus, from Latin cumulus.

### Noun

cumulus m (uncountable)
* cumulus