# 小心
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎoxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu$^2$ sam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau$^2$ lhim$^{1*}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): séu-sîm
    (Hailu, HRS): siau$^ˊ$ sim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiau$^3$ xim$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^3$ sing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sió-sim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siê$^2$ sim$^1$ / sio$^2$ sim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎosin
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: syǎu-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushin
*** Palladius: сяосинь (sjaosinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: síu sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiau$^2$ lhim$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiau⁵⁵ ɬim³³⁻³³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu$^ˋ$ xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^3$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ sim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siau$^ˊ$ sim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau²⁴⁻³³ sim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiau$^3$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau³¹ sim⁴⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^3$ sing$^1$ [Phonetic: sieo$^5$ sing$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ɬiŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^3$ sing$^1$ [Phonetic: sieo$^5$ sing$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu³³²⁻²¹ ɬiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-sim
*** Tâi-lô: sió-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioysym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siê$^2$ sim$^1$ / sio$^2$ sim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sié sim / sió sim
*** Sinological IPA : /sie⁵²⁻³⁵ sim³³/, /sio⁵²⁻³⁵ sim³³/
* Middle Chinese: sjewX sim
Rime :
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 息林切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | sim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu$^X$/ | /siɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu$^X$/ | /sim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu$^X$/ | /sjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw$^X$/ | /sim/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu$^X$/ | /siəm/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu$^X$/ | /sĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu$^X$/ | /si̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^2$ | sam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ səm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ slɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎo | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew$^X$ › | ‹ sim › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ewʔ/ | /*səm/ |
| English | small | heart |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13705 | 13801 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 心 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 小 | 心 |
| Old Chinese | /*smewʔ/ | /*slɯm/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 | |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Teochew: siao sim? 汕头市37路公交车 三语播报”

### Verb

小心
* (transitive) to be careful of something; to mind; to beware of
    小心碰頭。／小心碰头。 ― Xiǎoxīn pèngtóu. ― Mind your head.
    小心滑倒。 ― Xiǎoxīn huá dǎo. ― Caution — slippery.
    小心障礙。／小心障碍。 ― Xiǎoxīn zhàng'ài. ― Beware of obstructions.
    小心玻璃。 ― Xiǎoxīn bōli. ― Caution — glass door.
    小心燙傷。／小心烫伤。 ― Xiǎoxīn tàngshāng. ― Caution — hot water.
    小心灼傷。／小心灼伤。 ― Xiǎoxīn zhuóshāng. ― Caution — hot surface.
    小心落水。 ― Xiǎoxīn luòshuǐ. ― Warning — deep water.
    小心地滑。 ― Xiǎoxīn dì huá. ― Caution — slippery when wet. (literally, “Be careful of the floor being slippery.”)
    请小心空隙。 ― Qǐng xiǎoxīn kōng xì. ― Please Mind The Gap. (literally, “Please be careful of the gaps.”) This announcement is played on the Singapore MRT to remind commuters to mind the platform gap.
       zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]
       to miss one's stop on the bus
* (intransitive) to take care; to be careful
       Nǐ zìjǐ xiǎoxīn, wán dé kāixīn diǎn! [Pinyin]
       You take care now, and have a good time!
    你路上小心啊。 ― Nǐ lùshàng xiǎoxīn a. ― Take care on the road.
    小心別摔著。／小心别摔着。 ― Xiǎoxīn bié shuāi zhao. ― Take care and don't stumble.
* (archaic, intransitive) to worry; to have misgivings
* (archaic, intransitive) to be small-minded

#### Synonyms

* (to take care): 當心／当心 (dāngxīn), 留心 (liúxīn)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to take care”): 粗心 (cūxīn)

### Adjective

小心
* careful

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小心 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 小心 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 細義 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 小心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 小心 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 細心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 細心 |
* 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
* 仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì)
* 嚴 / 严 (yán)
* 嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
* 嚴謹 / 严谨 (yánjǐn)
* 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
* 對重 / 对重 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 慎重 (shènzhòng)
* 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 持重 (chízhòng)
* 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
* 正經 / 正经
* 當心 / 当心 (dāngxīn)
* 精心 (jīngxīn)
* 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
* 細心 / 细心 (xìxīn)
* 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
* 致重 (Hokkien)
* 認真 / 认真 (rènzhēn)
* 謹嚴 / 谨严 (jǐnyán)
* 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
* 較真 / 较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
* 過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
* 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
* 頂真 / 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) (dialectal)

#### Antonyms

* 粗心 (cūxīn)
* 大意 (dàyì)
* 馬虎／马虎 (mǎhu)
* 疏忽 (shūhu)

### Interjection

小心
* Be careful!; caution

### Derived terms

* 一不小心 (yībùxiǎoxīn)
* 小心翼翼 (xiǎoxīnyìyì)
* 小心謹慎 / 小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
* 小心駛得萬年船 / 小心驶得万年船 (xiǎoxīn shǐ dé wànnián chuán)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 小(しょう)心(しん) (shōshin)
* → Korean: 소심(小心) (sosim)
* → Vietnamese: tiểu tâm (小心)