OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# perfide
## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin perfidus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁ.fid/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -id

### Adjective

perfide (plural perfides)
* (relational) perfidious
    perfide Albion ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Related terms

* perfidement
* perfidie

#### Descendants

* → German: perfide

### Further reading

* “perfide”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* défripe, défripé

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from French perfide, from Latin perfidus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɛʁˈfiːdə]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per‧fi‧de

### Adjective

perfide (strong nominative masculine singular perfider, comparative perfider, superlative am perfidesten)
* perfidious
    Synonyms: arglistig, bösartig, böse, boshaft, diabolisch, hinterhältig, hinterlistig, niederträchtig, ruchlos, schändlich, schmählich, verschlagen

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “perfide” in Duden online
* “perfide” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛr.fi.de/
* Rhymes: -ɛrfide
* Hyphenation: pèr‧fi‧de

### Adjective

perfide
* feminine plural of perfido

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈper.fi.de/, [ˈpɛrfɪd̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈper.fi.de/, [ˈpɛrfid̪e]

### Adjective

perfide
* vocative masculine singular of perfidus

### References

* “perfide”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* perfide in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# бөс
## Mongolian
### Etymology

From Middle Mongol ᠪᠥᠰ (bös), from a Turkic language. Compare Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (böz), Karakhanid بُوزْ (bȫz), Uyghur بۆز (böz), Turkmen biz, Ottoman Turkish بز, Turkish bez and Chuvash пир (pir). The ultimate origin is Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɵs/
* Syllabification: бөс (1 syllable)

### Noun

бөс • (bös) (Mongolian spelling ᠪᠥᠰ (bös))
* cloth
* fabric, textile
* cotton

#### Derived terms

* → Manchu: ᠪᠣᠰᠣ (boso)

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2018) “Fabrication of Turkic böz 'fabric' in Japan and Korea”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 71, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 263–284.

### Further reading

* бөс in Bolor tolʹ
# bee akʼeʼelchíhí
## Navajo
### Etymology

bee (“with it”) + akʼeʼelchí (“one writes”) + -í (nominalizer).

### Noun

bee akʼeʼelchíhí
* any instrument used for writing: a pencil, pen, crayon, marker, etc.
* chalk
* steel stamp

#### Alternative forms

* beeʼakʼeʼelchíhí

#### Derived terms

* bee akʼeʼelchíhí tóhígíí (“ink, ink pen”)

### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 159.
# eixugar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin exsūcāre (compare Occitan eissugar, French essuyer, Spanish enjugar), from ex- + sūcus (“juice, moisture”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ə.ʃuˈɣa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ej.ʃuˈɣaɾ]
* Audio (Catalonia):(file)

### Verb

eixugar (first-person singular present eixugo, first-person singular preterite eixuguí, past participle eixugat)
* to dry
    Synonym: assecar
* to remove all the liquid from a container
* to pay off (a debt, etc)

#### Derived terms

* eixugacabells
* eixugada
* eixugador
* eixugall
* eixugamà
* eixugamans
* eixugaparabrises
* eixugavidres

#### Related terms

* suc

#### See also

* eixut

### Further reading

* “eixugar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “eixugar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “eixugar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “eixugar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# dubleta
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from English doublet, ultimately derived from Latin duplus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdublɛta]

### Noun

dubleta f (diminutive dubletka)
* (linguistics) doublet
    Synonym: dvojtvar

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “dubleta”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “dubleta”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “dubleta”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from English doublet, ultimately derived from Latin duplus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdubʎeta]

### Noun

dubleta f (relational adjective dubletný)
* (linguistics) doublet
    Synonym: dvojtvar

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “dubleta”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# paradalan
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

From para- +‎ dalan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾaˈdalan/ [pa.ɾaˈd̪a.l̪an̪]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧da‧lan

### Noun

paradálan (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍᜇᜎᜈ᜔) (Naga)
* viewer, spectator
    Synonym: parahiling
    Dakol an nagduruman na mga paradalan sa konsiyerto kasubanggi.There are many spectators that went to the concert last night
* (by extension) audience
    Synonym: publiko

#### See also

* paradangog
# potaramus
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /poː.taːˈraː.mus/, [poːt̪äːˈräːmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /po.taˈra.mus/, [pot̪äˈräːmus]

### Verb

pōtārāmus
* first-person plural pluperfect active indicative of pōtō
# potter's wheels
## English
### Noun

potter's wheels
* plural of potter's wheel
# Chanakya
## English
### Etymology

From Sanskrit चाणक्य (Cāṇakya). Chanakya was an Indian economist, philosopher, political scientist, and royal advisor of the 4th century B.C.E. He is traditionally identified as the person named Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta who authored the Arthashastra, a political treatise. He engineered the collapse of Magadha and put Chandragupta Maurya into power, establishing the Maurya Empire.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtʃɑːnəkjə/
* (General American) enPR: chäʹnəkyə, IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɑnəkjə/
* Audio (India):(file)
* Hyphenation: Cha‧na‧kya

### Noun

Chanakya (plural Chanakyas)
* (India) A shrewd politician or, in general, a cunning person; a Machiavelli.
** 1908, The Theosophist, volume 29, Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, →OCLC, page 722:But these methods of the Chāṇakyas—the Macchiavellis of India—unfortunately always carry the seeds of destruction in their bosom.
** 2006, Rabindranath Tagore, edited by Uma Das Gupta, My Life in My Words‎, New Delhi: Penguin Viking, →ISBN:[T]hose who have shed their wings, who walk by thrusting a walking stick into the mud with each step are regarded as the epitome of wisdom by the Chanakyas of our society …
** 2010, M[obashar] J[awed] Akbar, Have Pen, Will Travel: Observations of a Globetrotter, New Delhi: Lotus Collection, →ISBN:I can see why Jawaharlal Nehru once flirted with the idea of becoming a Chanakya, even as he laughed at himself for such fantasising. He had no time for [Niccolò] Machiavelli.
** 2015, Ajit Sherawat, “The Siblings Settle Down”, in Born in the Second Wind, New Delhi: Srishti Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 36:"So, are we dealing with a Chanakya here?" "Yes, but Chanakya with a difference. Whereas, the original Chanakya helped a fifteen-year-old Chandragupta fight against the injustices and inconsistencies of the world, here is one who chooses to fight with hidden weapons against an unarmed fifteen-year-old, and that too in the garb of friendship. The modern Chanakya deserves kudos for explicit bravery."
** 2016, Kooveli Madom, “Factors Influencing Our Predicament”, in Know Your Enemy Within: Bridging Knowledge and Practice of Management, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Partridge Publishing, →ISBN:Existence of an enemy within is tantamount to kicking a self-goal. Chanakyas of the modern era excel in the art of intrigue, to destroy their business/political nemesis, and abet and celebrate self-goals by their opponents.

#### Usage notes

Chanakya usually has a more positive connotation than Machiavelli.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Chanakya on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# vaḍḍu
## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* vallu (non-retroflexed variant)

### Etymology

From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Cognate with Catalan val, Galician and Portuguese valo, Spanish valla, Italian vallo. Compare also English wall.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvaɖ.ɖʊ/ (standard)
* Hyphenation: vàḍ‧ḍu

### Noun

vaḍḍu m (plural vaḍḍi)
* (historical, Ancient Rome) the wooden fence built at the top of a rampart
* (historical, Ancient Rome, loosely) rampart, bulwark
* (historical, Sicily) territorial division of the island of Sicily, administered and politically controlled through the so-called vaḍḍu/vallo system

#### Derived terms

* Vaḍḍu di Dèmuna
* Vaḍḍu di Girgenti
* Vaḍḍu di Mazzara
* Vaḍḍu di Notu

#### Related terms

* avvaḍḍari
* avvaḍḍatu
* vaḍḍi
* vaḍḍuni
* vaḍḍusu

### See also

* cumarca
* cumuni
* cuntea
* pruvincia
* rijuni
* Statu
# surface area
## English
### Noun

surface area (countable and uncountable, plural surface areas)
* (geometry) The total area on the surface of an object.
* (computer security) The total resources of a system that are accessible from the outside world and thus might be attacked.
    Synonym: attack surface
    Disabling network access to unused ports reduces surface area.
# πρωτότυπε
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɔː.tó.ty.pe/ → /proˈto.ty.pe/ → /proˈto.ti.pe/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /prɔː.tó.ty.pe/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /proˈto.ty.pe/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /proˈto.ty.pe/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /proˈto.ty.pe/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /proˈto.ti.pe/

### Adjective

πρωτότῠπε • (prōtótŭpe)
* masculine/feminine vocative singular of πρωτότῠπος (prōtótŭpos)

### Noun

πρωτότῠπε • (prōtótŭpe) m
* vocative singular of πρωτότῠπος (prōtótŭpos)

## Greek
### Adjective

πρωτότυπε • (protótype)
* vocative masculine singular of πρωτότυπος (protótypos)
# Pislak
## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pislak/

### Proper noun

Pislak m anim
* a surname
# fivever
## English
### Alternative forms

* 5ever

### Etymology

Blend of five +‎ forever, as a pun on four. Compare me three.

### Adverb

fivever (not comparable)
* (humorous, informal, nonstandard) Longer than Forever.
** 2001, Richard Lederer, “Four Cheers Five Victor Borge”, in Annals of Improbable Research, volume 7, number 1, page 24:His mother and he lived happily fivever after -- and so on, and so on, and so fifth.
** 2004 November 16, Lunatic Groove, rec.music.a-cappella‎ (Usenet):This is not an introductory promotion, or a temporary discount. This is five tracks, five bucks, ... fivever.
** 2017, Sara Wolf, Remember Me Forever, page 147:Jemma stares at me forever. Fivever.
# lonkásá
## Lingala
### Noun

lonkásá class 11 (plural nkásá class 10)
* leaf
* page of a book
* sheet of paper
# 代练
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 代练 – see 代練 (“to play on someone's behalf to achieve the desired rank or level”). (This term is the simplified form of 代練).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# Гончаров
## Russian
### Etymology

From гончар (gončar, “potter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡənʲt͡ɕɪˈrof]

### Proper noun

Гончаро́в • (Gončaróv) m anim (genitive Гончаро́ва, nominative plural Гончаро́вы, genitive plural Гончаро́вых, feminine Гончаро́ва)
* a surname, Goncharov, originating as an occupation

#### Declension

$^1$ Rare.
# cabbitch
## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English caboche, from Anglo-Norman caboche.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑbɪt͡ʃ/

### Noun

cabbitch
* cabbage

### References

* “cabbitch, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
# stairgate
## English
### Etymology

From stair +‎ gate.

### Noun

stairgate (plural stairgates)
* A gate fitted across a domestic staircase to prevent young children from climbing the stairs, or falling down them.
    Synonym: baby gate
** 1979, Brian Jackson, Sonia Jackson, Childminder: A Study in Action Research:Perhaps she has to buy a new stairgate, fireguard, or fit in a lamp. This may be a big dip in her purse, but in this financial comparison it is trivial.
** 1991, “The Children Act: Guidance and Regulations”, in Health, Department:There should be a stairgate and the door to the garden should be secured so that children cannot get out unsupervised […]
** 2004, Richard Hallows, Full Time Father, page 46:At this point you realise that you're also on edge because the kids don't know this house, and the eldest might be sleepwalking and there are no stairgates […]

#### Alternative forms

* stair gate
# tonic-clonic
## English
### Adjective

tonic-clonic (not comparable)
* Alternative form of clonicotonic
# znoj
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈznɔj/

### Adverb

znoj (not comparable)
* (Kielce) Alternative form of znowu

### Further reading

* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “znoj”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 97

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *znojь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /znôːj/

### Noun

znȏj m (Cyrillic spelling зно̑ј)
* sweat

#### Related terms

* znójan
* znȍjav
* znòjiti se

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *znojь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /znóːj/, /znɔ́j/

### Noun

znọ̑j or znȍj m inan
* sweat

#### Related terms

* znojíti

### Further reading

* “znoj”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025
# köşek
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşek, “young camel”), itself from Proto-Turkic *kȫĺek (“young of camel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /cœˈʃec/
* Hyphenation: kö‧şek

### Noun

köşek (definite accusative köşeği, plural köşekler)
* young camel
    Synonyms: taylak, dorum, torum

#### Derived terms

* köşeklemek

### Further reading

* “köşek”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# lotúkú
## Lingala
### Noun

lotúkú class 11 (plural ntúkú class 10)
* a ten, a group of ten
# عبادة
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ب د (ʕ b d)
* 9 terms

### Etymology

Verbal noun of عَبَدَ (ʕabada).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.baː.da/

### Noun

عِبَادَة • (ʕibāda) f (plural عِبَادَات (ʕibādāt))
* verbal noun of عَبَدَ (ʕabada) (form I)
* worship, religious practice

#### Descendants

* → Afar: qibaadá
* → Azerbaijani: ibadət
* → Bengali: ইবাদত (ibadot); এবাদত (ebadot)
* → Bashkir: ғибәҙәт (ğibəźət)
* → Kazakh: ғибадат (ğibadat)
* → Kyrgyz: ийбадат (iybadat)
* → Malay: ibadah, ibadat
** Indonesian: ibadah, ibadat
* → Ottoman Turkish: عبادت (ʼibâdet)
* → Persian: عبادت ('ebâdat)
** → Urdu: عبادت (ibādat)
* → Russian: ибадат (ibadat)
* → Swahili: ibada
* → Tajik: ибодат (ibodat)
* → Tatar: гыйбадәт (ğıybadät), ğibadät
* → Turkmen: ybadat
* → Uyghur: ئىبادەت (ibadet)
* → Uzbek: ibodat
# Daiduni
## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* Daduni (syncopated)
* Aiduni

### Etymology

Uncertain. From Gallo-Italic of Sicily Daiduni/Dadù, supposedly derived from an unattested Vulgar Latin *Aidon(em) – from which are derived Italian Aidone and Sicilian Aiduni – leading often to a Ancient Greek source referring to ᾍδης (Hā́idēs) or Ἄδωνις (Ádōnis). The initial ⟨D⟩ could have yielded because of a now lost liquid article l' (“the”) placed in front of the toponym, then eventually hypercorrected by the non-Sicilian speakers.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dajˈdu.ni/, [dajˈdu.nɪ], [daːˈdu-]
* Hyphenation: Dai‧dù‧ni

### Proper noun

Daiduni m
* Aidone (a city in Italy)
* a habitational surname

#### Derived terms

* daidunisa
* daidunisi

#### Related terms

* Cartaggiruni
* Casteḍḍu di Jùdica
* Chiazza
* Liunforti
* Nicusìa
* Nissurìa
* Pirgusa
* Ramacca
* Spirlinga
* Àsaru

#### Descendants

* → Italian: Daidone
** → English: Daidone

### See also

* Dimitra
* Pirsifuna
* Prusèrpina
# chʼil bee naazkání
## Navajo
### Etymology

From chʼil (“plant”) + bee (“with it”) + naazką́ (“they lie in an open container”) +‎ -n- (ligature) +‎ -í (nominalizer)

### Noun

chʼil bee naazkání
* flowerpot
    Synonym: chʼil bee sikání

### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 288.
# alphamosaic
## English
### Etymology

Blend of alphabetical +‎ mosaic.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌæl.fə.məʊˈzeɪk/, /ˌæl.fə.məʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌæl.fə.moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/, /ˌæl.fə.moʊˈzeɪk/
* Rhymes: -eɪk, -eɪɪk

### Adjective

alphamosaic (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to alphamosaics.
** 1981, New Scientist:The two European systems use an "alphamosaic" method of delivering data to a viewdata terminal screen.
** 1986, Herbert S Dordick, Understanding Modern Telecommunications:To create a teletext page using an alphamosaic scheme requires dividing the video frame […]
** 1987, Oldrich Standera, The Electronic Era of Publishing:The French system Antiope is also alphamosaic by its nature […]
# it takes one to know one
## English
### Alternative forms

* takes one to know one

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Proverb

it takes one to know one
* (idiomatic) expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.
* (colloquial, childish) A retort to a negative accusation, implying that the accuser shares the fault.
    Bob: You're an idiot!
    Tony: Takes one to know one!
** 1949, Nial Kent, The Divided Path, page 358:There's an unkind saying that it takes one to know one, and it's almost true.
** 1947, Poet Lore, page 280:Anyone who appreciates Shakespeare as this author unquestionably does is another Shakespeare — it takes one to know one!
** 1946, Gore Vidal, Williwaw, page 45:“I’ve got a bad egg,” said Bervick. “I guess this was a pre-war egg.” […] “It takes one to know one,” said the Chief, referring back to the eggs.
** 1980, Gerald Ford, “Problems Multiply”, in A Time to Heal‎, New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 209:Brezhnev pretended a scowl. "Kissinger is such a scoundrel," he said. But Henry was ready for that. "It takes one to know one," he replied.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:it takes one to know one.

#### See also

* if the shoe fits, wear it
* I know you are but what am I
* look who's talking
# zgarda
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from zgardzić.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈzɡar.da/
* Homophone: Zgarda

### Noun

zgarda f
* (Kielce) Synonym of pogarda

### Further reading

* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “zgarda”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 97
# Kosek
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech and Polish Kosek:
* from a diminutive of kos (“blackbird”);
* also a diminutive of kosa (“schythe”).
Also as a Czech surname, from Košek, a pet form of the name Koša; see Kosa.

### Proper noun

Kosek (plural Koseks)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Kosek is the 22618th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1135 individuals. Kosek is most common among White (97.53%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Kosek”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 341.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkosɛk]

### Proper noun

Kosek m anim (female equivalent Kosková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Kosek”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔsek]

### Proper noun

Kosek m pers (female equivalent Kosková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Kosek”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# cailín
## Irish
### Etymology

From caile (“maid”) +‎ -ín (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kɑˈlʲiːnʲ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈkalʲiːnʲ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈkælʲinʲ/, /ˈkal̠ʲinʲ/

### Noun

cailín m (genitive singular cailín, nominative plural cailíní)
* girl; young, unmarried woman
    Synonyms: gearrchaile, girseach
* girlfriend
    Synonym: girseach
* female servant, maid
* useful thing (referring to a feminine noun)
    Is í an druil an cailín chun na hoibre.The drill is the right tool for the job.

#### Usage notes

* Cailín is masculine because of the suffix -ín. Nevertheless, the feminine pronouns sí and í are used to refer to it.

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
cailín
cailíní
vocative
a chailín
a chailíní
genitive
cailín
cailíní
dative
cailín
cailíní
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an cailín
na cailíní
genitive
an chailín
na gcailíní
dative
leis an gcailín don chailín
leis na cailíní :

#### Coordinate terms

* bean (“woman”)
* buachaill (“boy, unmarried young man”)
* fear (“man”)

#### Derived terms

* cailín aimsire (“servant-girl”)
* cailín báire (“tomboy”)
* cailín bán (“stoat”)
* cailín bláthanna (“flower-girl”)
* cailín coimhdeachta (“bridesmaid”)
* cailín dearg (“tongue”)
* cailín freastail (“waitress”)
* cailín óg (“young girl; bride”)
* cailín oibre (“work-girl”)
* cailín scoile (“schoolgirl”)
* cailín siopa (“shop-girl”)
* cailín tí (“housemaid”)

#### Descendants

* → English: colleen
* Shelta: lakeen

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 153, page 78
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 151
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 117, page 45
* ↑ Lucas, Leslie W. (1979) Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page 239

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cailín”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cailín”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “cailín”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025