OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# swamper
## English
### Etymology

From swamp +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈswɒmpə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈswɑmpɚ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒmpə(ɹ)

### Noun

swamper (plural swampers)
* (US) A person who lives in a swampy area. [from 18th c.]
* (US) A person who clears a road for lumberers in a forest or swamp. [from 19th c.]
** 1860, James Brown, New Brunswick as a Home for Emigrants, page 10:In the latter part of winter, I hired with a lumberer – camped out, and wrought in the forest as a swamper.
* Someone or something that swamps or overwhelms. [from 19th c.]
** 1991, Kedar Nath Prasad, India's Rural Problems, page 38:The Population Factor is a dissipator or swamper of the gain in per capita income and hence of the redressal of poverty to that degree.
* (Canada, US, slang) A truck driver's assistant; an assistant to a driver of horses, mules or bullocks. [from 19th c.]
** 1926 Apr, Jacob Allred, “Driving the last 20-mule team across Death Valley”, in Popular Mechanics, page 610:To use such a brake on the front wagon, the driver stood up on the seat, letting the team follow the leaders, and threw his whole weight on the upper end of the bar, while the swamper braked the rear wagon.
* (Australia, slang) a person who travels by foot but has his belongings on a wagon. [from 19th c.]
** 1901, May Vivienne, Travels in Western Australia: Being A Description of the Various Cities and Towns, Goldfields, and Agricultural Districts of that State, published 1993, page 167:On the road to the Diorite King, which is about 40 miles from Leonora, there was nothing much to see except a good many swampers. A “swamper” is a man tramping without his swag, which he entrusts to a teamster to bring on his waggon.
** 1936, Sir John Kirwan, My Life's Adventure, page 77:He arrived at Western Australia the year after the discovery of gold at Coolgardie, and walked to the goldfields as a "swamper" – that is, he paid to have his belongings carried on a dray while he trudged along beside it.
* (US) A handyman or general employee in a liquor saloon; a cook's assistant. [from 20th c.]
** 1937, John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, Penguin, published 1994, page 19:The old swamper shifted his broom and held it between his elbow and his side while he held out his hand for the can.
# Spada
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Spada.

### Proper noun

Spada (plural Spadas)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Spada is the 15508th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1887 individuals. Spada is most common among White (94.97%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Spada”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* spaad, adaps, padas

## Italian
### Etymology

From spada (“sword”), either a metonymic occupational surname for a sword-maker or a nickname for someone who used to always carry a sword.

### Proper noun

Spada m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# diiʼniid
## Navajo
### Verb

diiʼniid
* first-person duoplural perfective of ní
# cười bò
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

cười +‎ bò.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kɨəj˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [kɨj˦˩ ʔɓɔ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kɨj˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

### Verb

cười bò
* to double up with laughter; to laugh out loud

### See also

* cười lăn cười bò
# claim forms
## English
### Noun

claim forms
* plural of claim form
# avvilimento
## Italian
### Etymology

From avvilire +‎ -mento.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /av.vi.liˈmen.to/
* Rhymes: -ento
* Hyphenation: av‧vi‧li‧mén‧to

### Noun

avvilimento m (plural avvilimenti)
* dejection, disheartenment, depression
* discouragement, humiliation

#### Related terms

* avvilirsi

### Further reading

* avvilimento in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# երկուշաբթի
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* յերկուշաբթի (yerkušabtʻi) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography
* էրկուշաբթի (ērkušabtʻi) (dialectal, colloquial)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian երկուշաբաթի (erkušabatʻi).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jeɾkuʃɑbˈtʰi/, [jeɾkuʃɑpʰtʰí]
** (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA: /jeɾkuʃɑpʰˈti/, [jeɾkuʃɑpʰtí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jeɾɡuʃɑpˈti/, [jeɾɡuʃɑpʰtʰí]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: եր‧կու‧շաբ‧թի

### Noun

երկուշաբթի • (erkušabtʻi)
* Monday

#### Declension
### See also

Days of the week in Armenian · շաբաթվա օրերը (šabatʻva ōrerə) (layout · text) :
| կիրակի (kiraki) | երկուշաբթի (erkušabtʻi) | երեքշաբթի (erekʻšabtʻi) | չորեքշաբթի (čʻorekʻšabtʻi) | հինգշաբթի (hingšabtʻi) | ուրբաթ (urbatʻ) | շաբաթ (šabatʻ) |
# ව

| ව | U+0DC0, &#3520; SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA |
* [unassigned: U+0DBE–U+0DBF]
| ← ල [U+0DBD] | Sinhala | ශ → [U+0DC1] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ව
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Pali
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* va (Latin script)
* 𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* व (Devanagari script)
* ৰ (Bengali script)
* ဝ (Burmese script)
* ว or วะ (Thai script)
* ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ວ or ວະ (Lao script)
* វ (Khmer script)
* 𑅇 (Chakma script)
* iva (Latin script)
* 𑀇𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* इव (Devanagari script)
* ইৰ (Bengali script)
* ඉව (Sinhalese script)
* ဣဝ or ဢိဝ (Burmese script)
* อิว or อิวะ (Thai script)
* ᩍᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ອິວ or ອິວະ (Lao script)
* ឥវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄨𑅇 (Chakma script)

#### Particle

ව
* Sinhala script form of va (“like, as if”)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* va (Latin script)
* 𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* व (Devanagari script)
* ৰ (Bengali script)
* ဝ (Burmese script)
* ว or วะ (Thai script)
* ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ວ or ວະ (Lao script)
* វ (Khmer script)
* 𑅇 (Chakma script)
* eva (Latin script)
* 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* एव (Devanagari script)
* এৰ (Bengali script)
* එව (Sinhalese script)
* ဧဝ or ဨဝ or ဢေဝ (Burmese script)
* เอว or เอวะ (Thai script)
* ᩑᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ເອວ or ເອວະ (Lao script)
* ឯវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)
* yeva (Latin script)
* 𑀬𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* येव (Devanagari script)
* যেৰ (Bengali script)
* යෙව (Sinhalese script)
* ယေဝ (Burmese script)
* เยว or เยวะ (Thai script)
* ᨿᩮᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ເຍວ or ເຍວະ or ເຢວະ (Lao script)
* យេវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄠𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)
* ñeva (Latin script)
* 𑀜𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* ञेव (Devanagari script)
* ঞেৰ (Bengali script)
* ඤෙව (Sinhalese script)
* ဉေဝ or ၺေဝ (Burmese script)
* เญว or เญวะ (Thai script)
* ᨬᩮᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ເຎວ or ເຎວະ (Lao script)
* ញេវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄐𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

#### Particle

ව
* Sinhala script form of va, sandhi form of එව (eva, “even”)

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* va (Latin script)
* 𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* व (Devanagari script)
* ৰ (Bengali script)
* ဝ (Burmese script)
* ว or วะ (Thai script)
* ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ວ or ວະ (Lao script)
* វ (Khmer script)
* 𑅇 (Chakma script)

#### Noun

ව m
* Sinhala script form of va (“letter 'v'”)

##### Declension
## Sinhalese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋa/, [ʋa]

### Letter

ව • (wa)
* The twenty-fourth letter of the Sinhala alphabet, named vayanna
# nil
## English
### Etymology

From Latin nīl, a contraction of nihil, nihilum (“nothing”). See nihilism.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɪl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪl

### Noun

nil (usually uncountable, plural nils)
* Nothing; zero.
** 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.19:As to Aristotle's influence on him, we are left free to conjecture whatever seems to us most plausible. For my part, I should suppose it nil.
* (sports) A score of zero
    The football match ended in a nil-nil draw.

#### Derived terms

* nil by mouth
* nil disease
* nil per os
* nilpotent
* nilprogression

#### Translations
### Determiner

nil
* No, not any.
** 1982, Gavin Lyall, Conduct of Major Maxim, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd:But after two or three hours and nil results, you have to accept that the trail is cold and you can't justify that level of manpower.

#### Related terms

* nihilism

### See also

* eau de nil
* null
* nil desperandum

### Anagrams

* Lin, lin., Lin., -lin, lin, NLI

## Golin
### Alternative forms

* nl, nĺ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɨ̆ĺ], [nĺ], [˩˧nɨ̆l]

### Noun

nil
* liquid; water
    Na nil ne dugudige. ― I swallowed water.

#### Derived terms

* Kulupe nil
* nil benke
* nil benke binan
* nil guli
* nil kabe
* nil kupa si
* nil pai
* Nilmanil
* nilwa

### References

* Gordon Bunn, Golin Grammar (1974)

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nil/

### Pronoun

nil (indefinite)
* nothing

## Latin
### Etymology

Syncopic form of nihil, in turn from nihilum, from ne- (“not”) + hilum (“a hilum; a trifle, a bagatelle”), or unknown origin

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /niːl/, [niːɫ̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /nil/, [nil]

### Noun

nīl n (indeclinable)
* (chiefly poetic) nothing
    Bene scripsisti de me, Thoma. Quam ergo mercedem accipies? Nil nisi te.You have written well of me, Thomas. What reward therefore will you receive? Nothing other than you.

### References

* “nil”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “nil”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English needle.

### Noun

nil
* needle
* thorn
** 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:18:Ol rop i gat nil na ol gras nogut bai i kamap na karamapim gaden bilong yu.→New International Version translation
# tagway
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /taɡˈwaj/ [t̪ɐɡˈwaɪ̯]
* Rhymes: -aj
* Syllabification: tag‧way

### Noun

tagwáy (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄ᜔ᜏᜌ᜔)
* tallness and slenderness
    Synonym: hagway
* (mathematics, neologism) ratio

#### See also

* tangkad
* hagway

### References

* “tagway”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL
# nhiệm
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 任.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ɲiəm˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ɲiəm˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɲim˨˩˨]

### Noun

nhiệm
* a chief of an organization

### Verb

nhiệm
* to carry; to be responsible for
* to endure

### See also

* nhiệm kì
* nhiệm vụ
* trách nhiệm
# پتلا
## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮 (pattala, “thin”), from Sanskrit पत्त्रल (pattralá, “leafy”). Cognate with Gujarati પાતળું (pātaḷũ), Marathi पातळ (pātaḷ), Odia ପାତଳ (pātaḷa), Bengali পাতলা (patola), Assamese পাতল (patol).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /pət̪.lɑː/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

پتلا • (patlā) (Hindi spelling पतला)
* thin, lean, slender
    Antonym: موٹا (moṭā)
* emaciate; weak
* delicate; frail
* high-pitched, soprano

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pattralá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# চলিত
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चलित (calita, “shaken, moving on”)

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /t͡ʃolit̪o/, [ˈt͡ʃolit̪oˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /tɕolit̪o/, [ˈtɕolit̪oˑ]

### Adjective

চলিত • (colito) (comparative আরও চলিত, superlative সবচেয়ে চলিত)
* customary, current
* colloquial
    Antonym: সাধু (śadhu)

#### Derived terms

* চলিত ভাষা (colito bhaśa)

### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “চলিত”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
* “চলিত”, in Accessible Dictionary [Bengali-English], Bangladesh: Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), 2018.
# гронкай
## Belarusian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɣronkaj]
* Rhymes: -onkaj
* Hyphenation: грон‧кай

### Noun

гро́нкай • (hrónkaj)
* instrumental singular of гро́нка (hrónka)
# Լիբիա
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Լիբիա (Libia).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ˈlibiɑ/, [líbjɑ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ˈlipiɑ/, [lípʰjɑ]
* Hyphenation: Լի‧բի‧ա

### Proper noun

Լիբիա • (Libia)
* Libya (a country in North Africa)

#### Declension
### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Ašxarhagrakan anunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Geographic Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 51
# милиця
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Cognate with Belarusian мы́ліца (mýlica).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɪɫet͡sʲɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ми́лиця • (mýlycja) f inan (genitive ми́лиці, nominative plural ми́лиці, genitive plural ми́лиць)
* (chiefly in the plural) crutch (a device to assist in motion as a cane, especially one that provides support under the arm to reduce weight on a leg)
    Synonyms: ко́стур m (kóstur), (dialectal) ку́ля f (kúlja)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “милиця”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 460
   * Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2017), “милиця”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (л – мішу́рний), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN, page 679
   * “милиця”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1973), “милиця”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (І – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 703
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “милиця”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “милиця”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “милиця”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “милиця”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# wywcasować
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /vɘ.ft͡saˈsɔ.vat͡ɕ/

### Verb

wywcasować pf
* (reflexive with się, Kielce) Alternative form of wywczasować

### Further reading

* Jan Łoś (1886) “vyvcasować”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 190
# dazhdííniid
## Navajo
### Verb

dazhdííniid
* fourth-person plural singular/duoplural perfective of ní
# nho lâm
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 儒林, composed of 儒 and 林.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Noun

nho lâm
* (historical) Confucian scholars; scholars; academic circles

#### Derived terms

* Nho lâm ngoại sử
# μουστάκιον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From μύσταξ (mústax, “upper lip, mustache”) +‎ -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix) with altered first vowel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /musˈta.ci.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /musˈta.ci.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /musˈta.ci.on/

### Noun

μουστάκιον • (moustákion) n (genitive μουστακίου); second declension
* (Byzantine) diminutive of μύσταξ (mústax)

#### Descendants

* Greek: μουστάκι (moustáki)
* Pontic Greek: μουστάκιν (moustákin), μουστάκι (moustáki), μουστάκ’ (mousták’)
** → Laz: მუსტაკი (musťaǩi), მუსტაჭი (musťaç̌i)
* →? Italian: mustacchio
** → English: mustachio
* →? Sicilian: mustacchiu
* →? Venetan: mustacchio
* → Medieval Latin: mustācium (see there for further descendants)

### See also

* μουστάκια n pl (moustákia, “a kind of cake”) (etymologically unrelated)

### Further reading

* “μουστάκιον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “μουστάκιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# minimální mzda
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɪɲɪmaːlɲiː mzda]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

minimální mzda f
* minimum wage
# առաջին
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian առաջին (aṙaǰin).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑrɑˈt͡ʃʰin/, [ɑrɑt͡ʃʰín]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾɑˈt͡ʃin/, [ɑɾɑt͡ʃʰín]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Numeral

առաջին • (aṙaǰin)
* first

#### Declension
### Adjective

առաջին • (aṙaǰin) (superlative ամենաառաջին)
* first, earliest

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From առաջ (aṙaǰ) +‎ -ին (-in).

### Numeral

առաջին • (aṙaǰin)
* first
    յառաջնմէ, յառաջնում ― yaṙaǰnmē, yaṙaǰnum ― before, at first
    զառաջին ― zaṙaǰin ― first, chief, principal
    զառաջինն/զառաջինսն ― zaṙaǰinn/zaṙaǰinsn ― first, at first, at first sight; originally

#### Declension

note the dative/ablative/locative with -մ (-m)

### Adjective

առաջին • (aṙaǰin)
* prior, antecedent; ancient, primitive, chief; previous, original; precocious
    առաջինք ― aṙaǰinkʻ ― ancestors, predecessors; the ancients

#### Declension

note the dative/ablative/locative with -մ (-m)

### Adverb

առաջին • (aṙaǰin)
* in the first place

#### Derived terms

* անառաջնորդ (anaṙaǰnord)
* անառաջնորդութիւն (anaṙaǰnordutʻiwn)
* առաջնագոյն (aṙaǰnagoyn)
* առաջնագուշակ (aṙaǰnagušak)
* առաջնածին (aṙaǰnacin)
* առաջնակ (aṙaǰnak)
* առաջնական (aṙaǰnakan)
* առաջնակուլ (aṙaǰnakul)
* առաջնաճաշակ (aṙaǰnačašak)
* առաջնային (aṙaǰnayin)
* առաջնապահ (aṙaǰnapah)
* առաջնապատում (aṙaǰnapatum)
* առաջնապարգեւ (aṙaǰnapargew)
* առաջնապէս (aṙaǰnapēs)
* առաջնապտուղք (aṙaǰnaptułkʻ)
* առաջնաստեղծ (aṙaǰnastełc)
* առաջնաստեղծուած (aṙaǰnastełcuac)
* առաջնասքանչ (aṙaǰnaskʻančʻ)
* առաջնատես (aṙaǰnates)
* առաջնատիպ (aṙaǰnatip)
* առաջնաւորութիւն (aṙaǰnaworutʻiwn)
* առաջներորդ (aṙaǰnerord)
* առաջնորդ (aṙaǰnord)
* առաջնորդագոյն (aṙaǰnordagoyn)
* առաջնորդական (aṙaǰnordakan)
* առաջնորդականութիւն (aṙaǰnordakanutʻiwn)
* առաջնորդապետ (aṙaǰnordapet)
* առաջնորդասիրութիւն (aṙaǰnordasirutʻiwn)
* առաջնորդեմ (aṙaǰnordem)
* առաջնորդիչ (aṙaǰnordičʻ)
* առաջնորդութիւն (aṙaǰnordutʻiwn)
* զառաջինն (zaṙaǰinn)
* յառաջնայարկ (yaṙaǰnayark)
* յառաջնապէս (yaṙaǰnapēs)
* յառաջնմէ (yaṙaǰnmē)
* յառաջնումն (yaṙaǰnumn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: առաջին (aṙaǰin)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “առաջին”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “առաջին”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “աջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Abrahamyan, Ašot (1976) Grabari jeṙnark [A Handbook of Old Armenian]‎ (in Armenian), 4th edition, Yerevan: Luys
# فرفش
## Egyptian Arabic

* Root
* ف ر ف ش
* 1 term

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faɾ.fiʃ/, [ˈfæɾfeʃ]

### Verb

فرفش • (farfiš) Iq (verbal noun فرفشة (farfaša))
* (transitive) to make happy, to cheer up
* (intransitive) to become happy or cheerful, to enjoy oneself

#### Conjugation
### References

* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) “فرفش”, in A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 651
# curvinerved
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

Latin curvus bent + English nerved.

### Adjective

curvinerved (comparative more curvinerved, superlative most curvinerved)
* (botany) Having the ribs or veins of the leaves curved.

#### Synonyms

* curvinervate

#### Related terms

* angulinerved
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “curvinerved”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# lungaw
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /luˈŋaw/ [lʊˈŋaʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -aw
* Syllabification: lu‧ngaw

### Noun

lungáw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜅᜏ᜔)
* large hole or excavation in the ground
* cave
    Synonyms: kuweba, yungib, lungga
* (neologism) crater

### Further reading

* del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969) Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham : Ingles-Pilipino [Correlative Word List for Sciences : English-Filipino] (overall work in English and Tagalog), Manila: National Book Store, Inc., →LCCN, →OL

### Anagrams

* luwang
# Tần
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 秦.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tən˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [təŋ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [təŋ˨˩]

### Proper noun

Tần
* (historical) the State of Qin in ancient China (9th century–207 BCE)
* (historical) the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE)
* a surname from Chinese

#### Usage notes

* Not to be confused with Tấn or Tân.

#### Derived terms

* nhà Tần
* Tần triều

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (nhà Hạ) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (nhà Thương) 殷 (nhà Ân) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (nhà Chu) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 (nhà Tây Chu) | |
| Zhou 周 (nhà Chu) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 (nhà Đông Chu) | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (nhà Chu) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 (nhà Đông Chu) | Warring States period 戰國 |
| Qin 秦 (nhà Tần) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 (nhà Hán) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 (nhà Tây Hán) | Western Han 西漢 (nhà Tây Hán) |
| Xin 新 (nhà Tân) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 (nhà Đông Hán) ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 ||
| Wu 吳 ||
| Jin 晉 (nhà Tấn) | 266 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 (nhà Tây Tấn) | Western Jin 西晉 (nhà Tây Tấn) |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 (nhà Đông Tấn) ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 (~ triều) | Northern Wei 北魏 (nhà Bắc Nguỵ) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 (~ triều) | Western Wei 西魏 (nhà Tây Nguỵ) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 (~ triều) | Eastern Wei 東魏 (nhà Đông Nguỵ) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 (~ triều) | Northern Zhou 北周 (nhà Bắc Chu) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 (~ triều) | Northern Qi 北齊 (nhà Bắc Tề) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 (~ triều) | Liu Song 劉宋 (nhà Lưu Tống) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 (~ triều) | Southern Qi 南齊 (nhà Nam Tề) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 (~ triều) | Liang 梁 (nhà Lương) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (~ triều) | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 (~ triều) | Chen 陳 (nhà Trần) |
| Sui 隋 (nhà Tuỳ) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (nhà Đường) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 (nhà Liêu) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (nhà Tống) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 (nhà Bắc Tống) | Northern Song 北宋 (nhà Bắc Tống) |
| Southern Song 南宋 (nhà Nam Tống) ||
| Western Xia 西夏 (nhà Tây Hạ) | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (nhà Kim) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 (nhà Tây Liêu) | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (nhà Nguyên) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (nhà Minh) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (nhà Thanh) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |