# 澪標
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 澪 | 標 |
| みお Jinmeiyō | つくし > づくし Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
Kanji in this term :
| 澪 | 標 |
| みお Jinmeiyō | つくし Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
Compound of 澪(みお) (mio, “water channel”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 串(くし) (kushi, “skewer”).
Also encountered with the reading miozukushi. The tsukushi changes to zukushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Notably, different publishers of the same historical texts appear to alternate between the miotsukushi and miojirushi readings, possibly due to historical or dialectal differences.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みおつくし [mìótsúkúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) みおつくし [mìótsúkúꜜshì] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) みおつくし [mìótsúꜜkùshì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mʲio̞t͡sɨkɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

澪(みお)標(つくし) • (miotsukushi) (alternative reading hiragana みおづくし, rōmaji miozukushi, historical hiragana みをづくし)
* a dolphin erected as a daybeacon or daymark: a navigational marker indicating the bounds of a water channel
    Synonyms: 澪木 (miogi); 澪杭 (miokui); 水尾坊木, 澪坊木 (miobōgi)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3429:, text here
    等保都安布美(とほつあふみ)伊奈佐保曽江乃(いなさほそえの)水乎都久思(みをつくし)安礼乎多能米弖(あれをたのめて)安佐麻之物能乎(あさましものを) [Man'yōgana]
    遠(とほつ)江(あふみ)引(いな)佐(さ)細(ほそ)江(え)のみをつくし我(あれ)を頼(たの)めてあさましものを [Modern spelling]
* allusion to 尽くし (tsukushi, “exhausting”)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 3162:, text here
    水咫衝(みをつく)石(し)心(こころ)盡(つくし)而(て)念(おもへ)鴨(かも)此間(ここに)毛(も)本(もと)名(な)夢(いめ)西(にし)所見(みゆる) [Man'yōgana]
    みをつくし心(こころ)尽(つく)して思(おも)へかもここにももとな夢(いめ)にし見(み)ゆる [Modern spelling]
* one of the sixty-one famous incense varieties, made from aromatic 伽羅 (kyara) wood with a bitter smell
    Hypernym: 六十一種名香 (rokujūichi shumeikō)

##### Usage notes

* At the time of the Man'yōshū, the "dolphin" sense referred to those at Tōtōmi Province; during the Heian period the sense was reserved to the markers at the bay of Naniwa, present-day Osaka.
* Since the Heian period, the "dolphin" sense can be used as a 掛詞 (kakekotoba) to pun against the sense of 身を尽くし (mi o tsukushi, literally “exhausting one's body” → “with all one's might, with all one's heart and soul”):
** c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 13, poem 860; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 20)
    わびぬれば今(いま)はた同(おな)じ難(なに)波(は)なるみをつくしても逢(あ)はむとぞ思(おも)ふ
       wabinureba ima hata onaji Naniwa naru mi o tsukushite mo awan to zo omou
       Miserable, now, it is all the same. Channel-markers at Naniwa―even if it costs my life, I will see you again!

#### Proper noun

澪(みお)標(つくし) • (Miotsukushi)
* the fourteenth chapter of The Tale of Genji

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 澪 | 標 |
| みお Jinmeiyō | しるし > じるし Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 水脈標
Compound of 澪(みお) (mio, “water channel”) + 標(しるし) (shirushi, “mark, sign”). The shirushi changes to jirushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Notably, different publishers of the same historical texts appear to alternate between the miojirushi and miotsukushi readings, possibly due to historical or dialectal differences.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みおじるし [mìójíꜜrùshì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mʲio̞ʑiɾɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

澪(みお)標(じるし) • (miojirushi)
* a dolphin erected as a daybeacon or daymark: a navigational marker indicating the bounds of a water channel
** 12th century, Sankashū (book 1, poem 217)
    広(ひろ)瀬(せ)川(がは)渡(わた)りの沖(おき)のみをじるし水(み)嵩(かさ)ぞ深(ふか)き五月雨(さみだれ)の頃(ころ)
       Hirose-gawa watari no oki no miojirushi mikasa zo fukaki samidare no koro
       (please add an English translation of this example)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 澪 | 標 |
| れい Jinmeiyō | ひょう Grade: 4 |
| kan'on ||
/reiheu/ → /reːhjoː/
From Middle Chinese 澪標 (MC leng pjiew).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾe̞ːço̞ː]

#### Noun

澪(れい)標(ひょう) • (reihyō)
* a dolphin erected as a daybeacon or daymark: a navigational marker indicating the bounds of a water channel

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 734
* ↑ Joshua S. Mostow (1996) Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 201