# 羅漢
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luóhàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lo$^4$ hon$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lo$^3$ hon$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lô-hàn / lô͘-hàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lo$^5$ hang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luóhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luóhàn
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^2$-han$^4$
*** Yale: lwó-hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohann
*** Palladius: лохань (loxanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lo$^4$ hon$^3$
*** Yale: lòh hon
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lo$^4$ hon$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lo$^4$ hon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lo$^3$ hon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lᵘɔ²² hᵘɔn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-hàn
*** Tâi-lô: lô-hàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loi'haxn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² han²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴⁻¹¹ han¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴⁻²² han²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³⁻³³ han²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴⁻²² han⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘-hàn
*** Tâi-lô: lôo-hàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lo'haxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴⁻²² han⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lo$^5$ hang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ haŋ²¹³/

### Noun

羅漢
* Short for 阿羅漢／阿罗汉 (āluóhàn, “arhat”).

#### Derived terms

* 八百羅漢 / 八百罗汉
* 十八羅漢 / 十八罗汉 (Shíbā Luóhàn)
* 十六羅漢 / 十六罗汉
* 大肚羅漢 / 大肚罗汉
* 大頭羅漢戲柳翠 / 大头罗汉戏柳翠
* 疊羅漢 / 叠罗汉 (diéluóhàn)
* 羅漢巾 / 罗汉巾
* 羅漢床 / 罗汉床
* 羅漢曬 / 罗汉晒
* 羅漢果 / 罗汉果 (luóhànguǒ)
* 羅漢松 / 罗汉松 (luóhànsōng)
* 羅漢柏 / 罗汉柏
* 羅漢桌兒 / 罗汉桌儿
* 羅漢湯 / 罗汉汤
* 羅漢狗子 / 罗汉狗子
* 羅漢碗 / 罗汉碗
* 羅漢竹 / 罗汉竹
* 羅漢腳 / 罗汉脚
* 羅漢菜 / 罗汉菜
* 羅漢豆 / 罗汉豆 (luóhàndòu)
* 羅漢身子 / 罗汉身子
* 羅漢齋 / 罗汉斋 (luóhànzhāi)
* 羅漢齋觀音 / 罗汉斋观音
* 花羅漢 / 花罗汉
* 觀音齋羅漢 / 观音斋罗汉
* 金身羅漢 / 金身罗汉

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 羅漢(らかん) (rakan)
* → Korean: 나한(羅漢) (nahan), 라한(羅漢) (rahan)
* → Vietnamese: la hán (羅漢)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 羅 | 漢 |
| ら Grade: S | かん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 羅漢 (kyūjitai)
First attested before the seventh century.

#### Noun

羅(ら)漢(かん) • (rakan)
* (Buddhism, colloquial) Short for 阿羅漢 (arakan): an arhat, Buddhist saint
* (theater, colloquial) Short for 羅漢台 (rakandai): a low seat behind the stage, the audience member sitting there vaguely resembling an arhat

##### Derived terms

* 羅(ら)漢(かん)果(か) (rakanka)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)講(こう) (rakankō)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)山(ざん) (Rakan-zan)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)寺(じ) (Rakan-ji)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)松(しょう) (rakanshō)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)台(だい) (rakandai)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)柏(はく) (rakanhaku)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)舞(ま)い (rakanmai)
* 羅(ラ)漢(カン)槙(マキ) (rakanmaki)
* 羅(ら)漢(かん)回(まわ)し (rakan-mawashi)
* 五(ご)百(ひゃく)羅(ら)漢(かん) (Gohyaku Rakan)
* 十(じゅう)六(ろく)羅(ら)漢(かん) (Jūroku Rakan)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 羅 | 漢 |
| ら Grade: S (ateji) | かん Grade: 3 (ateji) |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 羅漢 (kyūjitai)
From confusion of the uncommon kanji 罹 (ri) with the more common kanji 羅 (ra).

#### Noun

羅(ら)漢(かん) • (rakan)
* Misspelling of 罹患 (rikan): contracting an illness

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 羅 | 漢 |

### Noun

羅漢 • (nahan) (hangeul 나한)
* hanja form of 나한 (“arhat”)
* hanja form of 라한 (“arhat”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 羅 | 漢 |

### Noun

羅漢
* chữ Hán form of la hán (“arhat”).