# 砍

| 砍 | U+780D, &#30733; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-780D |
| ← 砌 [U+780C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 砎 → [U+780E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

砍 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口弓人 (MRNO), four-corner 1768$_2$, composition ⿰石欠)

#### Derived characters

* 𥔩, 𥕔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24063
* Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2421, character 4
* Unihan data for U+780D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 坎 | *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms |
| 扻 | *kʰoːmʔ |
| 砍 | *kʰoːmʔ |
| 芡 | *ɡromʔ |
| 欠 | *kʰoms |
| 杴 | *qʰom |
| 鍁 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ): semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kǎn (kan$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kan$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kan$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khám
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^3$
*** Yale: kǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kan$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kan
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰan⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^2$
*** Yale: hám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm³⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰæ̃⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám
*** Tâi-lô: khám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10271 |
| Phonetic component | 欠 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 坎 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːmʔ/ |
| Notes | 扻後起字，亦作坎，金代後作砍 |

### Definitions

砍
* to hack; to chop; to cut; to fell
    砍伐 ― kǎnfá ― to cut down
* to reduce; to weaken
    砍價／砍价 ― kǎnjià ― to reduce prices
* (dialect) to throw in order to hit
* Same as 侃 (kǎn) to chat
* a surname, Kan

#### Synonyms

* (to hack):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 砍, 斬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 砍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 砍, 剁 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 砍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 砍, 㓠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 砍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 并 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 斬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 砍, 剁 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斬, 砍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 砍, 斫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 剉, 鍘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鏨, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 斲, 斬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 斬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 斲 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 斬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 㔍 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 剉, 剁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 砍, 剁 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 剁, 砍 |
* (to reduce):
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削減 / 削减 (xuējiǎn)
* 壓縮 / 压缩 (yāsuō)
* 損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 撤 (chè)
* 收縮 / 收缩 (shōusuō)
* 消減 / 消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 減低 / 减低 (jiǎndī)
* 減削 / 减削 (jiǎnxuè)
* 減少 / 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
* 減損 / 减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
* 減縮 / 减缩 (jiǎnsuō)
* 減輕 / 减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
* 省卻 / 省却 (shěngquè)
* 緊縮 / 紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
* 縮減 / 缩减 (suōjiǎn)
* 耗
* 裁 (cái)
* 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
* 裁減 / 裁减 (cáijiǎn)
* 鐫汰 / 镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
* 降低 (jiàngdī)

#### Compounds

* 刀切斧砍
* 披砍
* 砍伐 (kǎnfá)
* 砍倒 (kǎndǎo)
* 砍傷 / 砍伤
* 砍價 / 砍价 (kǎnjià)
* 砍刀
* 砍大山 (kǎndàshān)
* 砍手
* 砍斷 / 砍断 (kǎnduàn)
* 砍木
* 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
* 砍殺 / 砍杀 (kǎnshā)
* 砍瓜切菜
* 砍鐵如泥 / 砍铁如泥
* 砍頭 / 砍头 (kǎntóu)
* 砍頭癰 / 砍头痈
* 老砍頭 / 老砍头

#### References

* “砍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* On: きん (kin)
* Kun: きる (kiru, 砍る)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

砍: Hán Nôm readings: khảm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.