# 菀

| 菀 | U+83C0, &#33728; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83C0 |
| ← 莿 [U+83BF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菁 → [U+83C1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菀 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿十弓山 (TJNU), four-corner 4421$_2$, composition ⿱艹宛)
* luxuriance of growth

#### Derived characters

* 𡡶, 𤳙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1036, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31135
* Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3240, character 12
* Unihan data for U+83C0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涴 | *qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ |
| 埦 | *qoːn |
| 豌 | *qoːn |
| 剜 | *qoːn |
| 眢 | *qoːn, *qon |
| 蜿 | *qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ |
| 帵 | *qoːn |
| 碗 | *qoːnʔ |
| 椀 | *qoːnʔ |
| 盌 | *qoːnʔ |
| 腕 | *qoːns |
| 惋 | *qoːns |
| 捥 | *qoːns |
| 睕 | *qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd |
| 琬 | *qoːns, *qonʔ |
| 鴛 | *quːn, *qon |
| 鵷 | *qon |
| 惌 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 宛 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 怨 | *qon, *qons |
| 葾 | *qon |
| 夗 | *qonʔ |
| 婉 | *qonʔ |
| 菀 | *qonʔ, *qud |
| 苑 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 踠 | *qonʔ |
| 畹 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 倇 | *qonʔ |
| 晼 | *qonʔ |
| 黦 | *qod, *qod, *qud |
| 焥 | *qoːd |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎn (wan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): uāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^2$
*** Yale: yún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uāng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwonX
Rime :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於阮切 |
| Baxter | 'jwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qonʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16291 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婉 |
| Old Chinese | /*qonʔ/ |

#### Definitions

菀
* Aster, especially Aster tataricus
    紫菀 ― zǐwǎn ― Aster tataricus

#### Derived terms

* 女菀
* 白菀
* 紫菀 (zǐwǎn)
* 茈菀 (zǐwǎn)
* 菀濁 / 菀浊

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^1$
*** Yale: wāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jut
Rime :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紆物切 |
| Baxter | 'jut |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qud/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16311 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鬱 |
| Old Chinese | /*qud/ |

#### Definitions

菀
* (literary) lush; luxuriant

#### Derived terms

* 菀枯
* 菀柳
* 菀菀

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuàn, yuǎn (yuan$^4$, yuan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ, ㄩㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuàn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^4$
*** Yale: ywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuann
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^3$
*** Yale: ywǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^2$
*** Yale: yún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwonX
Rime :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於阮切 |
| Baxter | 'jwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qonʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16291 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婉 |
| Old Chinese | /*qonʔ/ |

#### Definitions

菀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 苑 (“park; garden”)

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùn, yù (yun$^4$, yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ, ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^2$ / wan$^3$ / wan$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^4$
*** Yale: yùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^2$ / wan$^3$ / wan$^5$
*** Yale: wán / wan / wáhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^2$ / wan$^3$ / wan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^2$ / wen$^3$ / wen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn³⁵/, /wɐn³³/, /wɐn¹³/

#### Definitions

菀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 蘊 / 蕴 (“to accumulate; to gather”)

#### Derived terms

* 沈菀
* 菀結 / 菀结

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* luxuriance of growth

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)、おん (on)、うつ (utsu)、うち (uchi)、うん (un)
* Kun: その (sono)、つむ (tsumu)

## Korean
### Hanja

菀 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菀: Hán Nôm readings: oản, uyển
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nôm Foundation