# 茸

| 茸 | U+8338, &#33592; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8338 |
| ← 茷 [U+8337] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茹 → [U+8339] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茸 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿尸十 (TSJ), four-corner 4440$_1$, composition ⿱艹耳)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1029, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30918
* Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3200, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8338

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 茸 | *njoŋ |
| 髶 | *njis, *njoŋ |
| 搑 | *njoŋ, *njoŋʔ |
| 榵 | *njoŋ |
| 穁 | *njoŋ, *njoŋʔ |
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→絨?”)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): róng (rong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^4$ / jung$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
* Northern Min (KCR): ě̤ng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liông / jiông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: róng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: róng
*** Wade–Giles: jung$^2$
*** Yale: rúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
*** Palladius: жун (žun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^4$ / jung$^5$
*** Yale: yùhng / yúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^4$ / jung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^4$ / yung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œyŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
*** Tâi-lô: jiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit茸 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐuŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʐuŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /luŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐuŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /vəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐuŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /və̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐuŋ⁵¹/ /vɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ioŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zoŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐoŋ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ioŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /zuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐũŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zoŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zoŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zoŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /in⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ioŋ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /luŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /œyŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zɔŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyowng
Rime :
| Character | 茸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 而容切 |
| Baxter | nyowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | róng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njoŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 茸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10854 |
| Phonetic component | 茸 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茸 |
| Old Chinese | /*njoŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文聰省聲，疑髶省聲 |

#### Definitions

茸
* (of vegetation) soft and downy; newly sprouted and pilose
* bud; sprout
* fine hair; soft fur
* pilose antler of a young stag

#### Compounds

* 丰茸
* 姬松茸 (jīsōngróng)
* 尨茸
* 松茸 (sōngróng)
* 椎茸 (zhuīróng)
* 毛茸
* 毛茸茸
* 狐裘龍茸 / 狐裘龙茸
* 紅茸 / 红茸
* 綠茸茸 / 绿茸茸
* 茸毛
* 茸茸 (róngróng)
* 菶茸
* 蒜茸 (suànróng)
* 蓊茸
* 蓮茸 / 莲茸 (liánróng)
* 蓬茸
* 蘢茸 / 茏茸
* 血茸 (xuèróng)
* 闒茸 / 阘茸
* 闒茸貨 / 阘茸货
* 鹿茸 (lùróng)
* 麋茸

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǒng (rong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǒng
*** Wade–Giles: jung$^3$
*** Yale: rǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roong
*** Palladius: жун (žun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐʊŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

茸
* (obsolete) to push in
* Used in compounds.

#### Compounds

* 茸闒 / 茸阘
* 蓊茸
* 闒茸 / 阘茸

### References

* (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
* (Min Nan) “Query for 茸”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “茸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: しげる (shigeru, 茸る)、きのこ (kinoko, 茸)、たけ (take, 茸)、くさびら (kusabira, 茸)、くさひら (kusahira, 茸)、なば (naba, 茸)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 茸
* きのこ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 菌 蕈
Originally a compound of 木(き) (ki, “tree”) + の (no, attributive or possessive particle) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きのこ [kíꜜnòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲino̞ko̞]

#### Noun

茸(きのこ) or 茸(キノコ) • (kinoko)
* a mushroom

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キノコ.

##### Derived terms

* 茸(きのこ)雲(ぐも) (kinokogumo)
* キノピオ (kinopio, “Toad”)

#### See also

* 菇(きのこ) (kinoko)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 茸
* たけ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with 丈 (take), whereas 高い (takai) and/or 長ける (takeru)?”

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たけ [tàké] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠ke̞]

#### Noun

茸(たけ) or 茸(タケ) • (take)
* (chiefly Kansai or in compounds) a mushroom
* (colloquial) the flesh of an animal

##### Derived terms

* 藍茸(アイタケ) (aitake)
* 網笠茸(アマガサタケ) (amagasatake)
* 杏茸(アンズタケ) (anzutake)
* 岩茸(イワタケ) (iwatake)
* 臼茸(ウスタケ) (usutake)
* 榎(エノキ)茸(ダケ) (enokidake, “enokidake mushroom, velvet shank”)
* 烏茸(カラスタケ) (karasutake)
* 瓦茸(カワラタケ) (kawaratake)
* 肝臓茸(カンゾウタケ) (kanzōtake)
* 栗茸(クリタケ) (kuritake)
* 革茸(コウタケ) (kōtake)
* 椎(シイ)茸(タケ) (shiitake, “shiitake”)
* 鼈茸(スッポンタケ) (suppon take)
* 茶碗茸(チャワンタケ) (chawantake)
* 天狗茸(テングタケ) (tengu take)
* 滑茸(なめたけ) (nametake)
* 楢茸(ナラタケ) (naratake)
* 錦茸(ニシキタケ) (nishikitake)
* 花弁茸(ハナビラタケ) (hanabiratake)
* 原茸(ハラタケ) (haratake)
* 平(ヒラ)茸(タケ) (hiratake, “oyster mushroom”)
* 紅茸(べにたけ) (benitake)
* 箒茸(ホウキタケ) (hōkitake)
* ポルチーニ茸(ダケ) (poruchīni-dake, “Porcini mushroom”)
* 舞(マイ)茸(タケ) (maitake, “maitake mushroom, hen of the woods”)
* 鱒茸(マスタケ) (masutake)
* 松(マツ)茸(タケ) (matsutake, “matsutake”)
* 万年茸(マンネンタケ) (mannentake)
* 萌黄茸(モエギタケ) (moegitake)
* モリーユ茸(ダケ) (morīyu-dake, “Morille mushroom”)
* 山伏茸(ヤマブシタケ) (yamabushitake)

##### See also

* エリンギ (eringi, “eryngii mushroom”)
* トリュフ (toryufu, “truffle”)
* マッシュルーム (masshurūmu, “mushroom”)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 茸
* くさびら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 草片 蔬 菌
* Kanji in this term
* 茸
* くさひら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 草片 蔬 菌
Extension of 草片 (kusabira, “edible plant or green”), a compound of 草 (kusa, “grass”) +‎ 片 (hira, “something flat”). According to one theory, the historical reading of this word was kusahira, without rendaku, but it's now exclusively pronounced as kusabira.

#### Noun

茸(くさびら) or 茸(くさひら) • (kusabira or kusahira)
* (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom
* (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens
* (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal

##### See also

* 斎(さい)宮(ぐう)の忌(い)み詞(ことば) (Saigū no imikotoba)

#### Proper noun

茸(くさびら) • (Kusabira)
* a kyogen play

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 茸
* きのこ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From the mushroom motif of NTT Docomo's mascot.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲino̞ko̞]

#### Proper noun

茸(きのこ) • (Kinoko)
* (Internet slang) NTT Docomo

##### See also

* 庭(にわ) (niwa)
* 禿(はげ) (hage)
* 芋(いも) (imo)

### References

* ↑ “菌・茸・蕈”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “茸”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

茸 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

茸: Hán Nôm readings: nhung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.