OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IBA
## English
### Proper noun

IBA
* Initialism of International Bartenders Association.
* Initialism of InfiniBand Architecture.
* Initialism of Institute of Business Administration.
* Initialism of International Bank of Asia.
* Initialism of International Bodyboarding Association.
* Initialism of International Boxing Association. (amateur)
* Initialism of International Boxing Association. (professional)
** 2024 November 4, Jamie Gardner, “Mandatory genetic testing in sport ‘not justified, ethical or viable’, say academics”, in The Independent‎:The IBA had been stripped of recognition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) over governance failures and therefore it was the IOC which ran – and set the entry criteria for – the Olympic boxing competitions in Paris.
* Initialism of International Bryozoology Association.
* Initialism of International Business Alliance.
* Initialism of Iron Butt Association.
* Initialism of Israel Broadcasting Authority.
* Initialism of International Basketball Association.
* Initialism of International Bar Association.
* Initialism of Independent Broadcasting Authority.

### Noun

IBA (countable and uncountable, plural IBAs)
* Initialism of Important Bird Area.**
* Initialism of incinerator bottom ash.
* Initialism of indole-3-butyric acid - auxin, a plant "rooting hormone"
* Initialism of ion beam analysis, an analytical technique
* (military, US) Initialism of Interceptor Body Armor.

### See also

* Iba

### Anagrams

* Abi, BIA, Bái, Bia, IAB, B.I.A., Bai, ABI, AIB, bai
# C&I
## English
### Adjective

C&I (not comparable)
* Initialism of commercial and industrial. (waste)

### Anagrams

* -ic, IC, I²C
# commisceo
## Latin
### Etymology

From con- +‎ misceō (“mix”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /komˈmis.ke.oː/, [kɔmˈmɪs̠keoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /komˈmiʃ.ʃe.o/, [komˈmiʃːeo]

### Verb

commisceō (present infinitive commiscēre, perfect active commiscuī, supine commixtum); second conjugation
* to mix or mingle together, intermingle, combine
    Synonyms: misceō, cōnfundō
* to unite, bring together, join, mingle
* to produce by mingling

#### Conjugation

* The fourth principal part may be commixtum or commistum.

#### Derived terms

* commistim, commixtim
* commistiō, commixtiō
* commistum, commixtum
* commistūra, commixtūra
* commistus, commixtus

#### Related terms

* admisceō
* ēmisceō
* immisceō
* impermisceō
* intermisceō
* misceō
* permisceō
* prōmiscuus
* remisceō

### References

* “commisceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “commisceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* commisceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# wĕṅi
## Old Javanese

Other scripts :
| Kawi | |
| Javanese | ꦮꦼꦔꦶ |
| Balinese | |
| Roman | wĕṅi |

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀŋi. Cognate with Sundanese wengi, Maori pō, and Hawaiian pō.

### Noun

wĕṅi
* night

#### Descendants

* Javanese: wengi

### References

* "wĕṅi" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# unfishable
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ fishable.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

unfishable (comparative more unfishable, superlative most unfishable)
* Not fishable.
    The noise and activity of the tourists made the river practically unfishable.
** 1886 February 20, W. Murdoch, “Salmon and Trout-fishing in the Highlands of Scotland.—VII. The Halladale (Sutherlandshire).”, in R. B. Marston, editor, The Fishing Gazette; Devoted to Angling, River, Lake, and Sea Fishing and Fish Culture, volume XII, London: Charles William Bradley & Co. […], →OCLC, page 97, column 1:It [the Halladale river] receives the whole of its water-supply from a number of hill burns and several lochs of inconsiderable extent. it follows, therefore, that after rain the surplus water soon runs out, and the river soon dwindles down to an almost unfishable condition.
# հիասթափում
## Armenian
### Etymology

հիասթափել (hiastʻapʻel) +‎ -ում (-um)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hiɑstʰɑˈpʰum/, [hi(j)ɑstʰɑpʰúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hiɑstɑˈpum/, [hi(j)ɑstʰɑpʰúm]

### Noun

հիասթափում • (hiastʻapʻum)
* act or state of being disappointed, let down

#### Declension

*the singular locative is seldom used
# ICQ
## English
### Etymology

Pun on the pronunciation of "I seek you."

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ī"sē-kyū', IPA: /ˌaɪsiːˈkjuː/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

ICQ (plural ICQs)
* (amateur radio) A call for acknowledgement.

### Proper noun

ICQ
* (Internet) A program allowing users to send each other instant messages via the Internet.
** 2005, Laura Lambert, Chris Woodford, Christos J. P. Moschovitis, The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 136:ICQ was unusual among instant-messaging systems because it used what is called peer-to-peer technology—ICQ users essentially communicated with each other directly, without having all their messages pass through a central server.

#### Translations
### Verb

ICQ (third-person singular simple present ICQs, present participle ICQing, simple past and past participle ICQed)
* (transitive, Internet) To send an instant message to (someone) using ICQ.
** 2000 January 14, Greg Miller, “Ethernet Is Changing Dorm Life”, in Los Angeles Times‎, archived from the original on 30 June 2013:"My friends ICQ me before they call me just to make sure I'm there," said Kurera, a 19-year-old sophomore […]
** 2002, Mike Savage, Lake Effect‎, Savage Press, →ISBN, page 94:I'll log-on in Hawaii. If needed we can ICQ from there.
** 2004, Michael C. Westwood, Meeting the President‎, →ISBN, page 94:It shut him up. Never had him ICQ me again.

### Anagrams

* CQI, QIC
# баснями
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbasʲnʲəmʲɪ]

### Noun

ба́снями • (básnjami) f inan pl
* instrumental plural of ба́сня (básnja)
    соловья баснями не кормят ― solovʹja basnjami ne kormjat ― fine words butter no parsnips (literally, “a nightingale isn't fed with fables.”)
* instrumental plural of баснь (basnʹ)
# exkavo
## Ido
### Noun

exkavo (plural exkavi)
* excavation (the process of digging a cavity in the earth)

#### Synonyms

* exkavado

#### Derived terms

* exkavadar
* exkavajo
* exkavala
* exkavar
* exkavilo
* exkavuro

### See also

* kavajo
# toksyną
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (standard) /tɔkˈsɘ.nɔw̃/, (regional or dialectal, proscribed) /tɔkˈsɘ.nɔm/
* Rhymes: -ɘnɔw̃
* Syllabification: tok‧sy‧ną

### Noun

toksyną
* instrumental singular of toksyna
# grzalas
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈɡʐa.las/

### Noun

grzalas m pers
* (Kielce) Synonym of koślawiec

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “grzalas”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 247
# alcohole
## Latin
### Noun

alcohōle
* ablative singular of alcohol

## Spanish
### Verb

alcohole
* inflection of alcoholar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# ἱματίου
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hiː.ma.tí.uː/ → /i.maˈti.u/ → /i.maˈti.u/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hiː.ma.tí.uː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)i.maˈti.u/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /i.maˈti.u/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /i.maˈti.u/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /i.maˈti.u/

### Noun

ῑ̔μᾰτῐ́ου • (hīmătĭ́ou)
* genitive singular of ῑ̔μᾰ́τῐον (hīmắtĭon)
# antestomach
## English
### Etymology

From ante- +‎ stomach.

### Noun

antestomach (plural antestomachs)
* A cavity that leads into the stomach, as in birds.
** 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:it is immediately swalled into […] a kind of Antestomach ( which I have observ'd in many , especially Piscivorous Birds ) where it is moistned and mollified by some proper Juice from the Glandules distilling in there.
* The first stomach of a ruminant.
** 1926, Botanical Abstracts - Volume 15, page 177:The physiological significance of microorganisms in the antestomach of ruminants .
** 1958, Doklady: Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR., page 13:The disturbance of the eructation reflex owing to the lacking permanent mechanical stimulation of the walls of the antestomach may be considered one of the reasons why the balanced reactions of rumination do not take place.
** 1962, G. Azimov, “The Thyroid, the Processes in the Rumen and the Fat Content of Milk”, in Contributions v. A-C, page 112:A high-milking cow should be distinguished by higher activity of the thyroid and in addition, in the antestomach of such an animal the molar percentage of acetate should obviously be increased, and vice versa, the higher the propionic and butyric acid content of the rumen the lesser should be the fat content of the milk accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the milk yield.
* The lower portion of the esophagus in an animal that has a sphincter controlling the entrance of food from the esophagus into the stomach, especially when that portion of the esophagus is distended or dilated.
** 1900 July 14, “A New Contribution to the Pathology of the Esophagus”, in The Philadelphia Medical Journal, volume 6, page 68:Fleiner calls attention to the existence of spindle-shaped dilation of the esophagus above the diaphragm, a condition that is termed antestomach, and to a similar condition of the subdiaphragmatic part of the esophagus, nown as "antrum cardiacum.". He has seen six instances of antestomach.
** 1949, Acta Pathologica Et Microbiologica Scandinavica, page 22:He had attempted to produce cancer in the antestomach of the rats, by painting them with tar in or around the mouth.

### Anagrams

* mechanostat
# Ill.
## English
### Proper noun

Ill.
* Abbreviation of Illinois.

#### Synonyms

* IL

#### Derived terms

* C.D. Ill.
* N.D. Ill.
* S.D. Ill.

### Anagrams

* li'l', lil', li'l, Lil, lil
# begreifen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German begrifen, from Old High German bigrīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *bigrīpan. Equivalent to be- +‎ greifen. Compare English begripe, begrip, Low German begriepen and Dutch begrijpen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈɡʁaɪ̯fən/, [-fən], [-fn̩], [-fɱ̩]
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

begreifen (class 1 strong, third-person singular present begreift, past tense begriff, past participle begriffen, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to grasp fully; to comprehend; to conceive, to fathom
    Synonyms: durchdringen, einsehen, erkennen
    Der menschliche Verstand kann die Ewigkeit nicht wirklich begreifen.The human mind cannot really comprehend eternity.
* (transitive, rather formal) to understand intellectually
    Ich begreife nicht, wie das geschehen konnte.I don’t understand how that could have happened.
* (transitive or reflexive, rather formal) to consider (to be); to see (as)
    Synonyms: verstehen, sehen, ansehen
** 2010, Der Spiegel‎, number 33/2010, page 71:Betroffen sind nun vor allem auch die gutausgebildeten und bislang gutverdienenden Leute. Diejenigen, die sich als solide Mittelklasse begreifen.Also affected are now especially the well-educated and so far well-paid people. The ones that see themselves as solid middle class.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Synonyms

* (understand): verstehen; kapieren (informal)

#### Derived terms

* Begreifen
* begreifend
* Begreifer
* Begreifung
* begriffen

#### Related terms

* Begriff
* angreifen
* vergreifen

### Further reading

* “begreifen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “begreifen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “begreifen” in Duden online
* “begreifen” in OpenThesaurus.de
# senecio
## English
### Etymology

From the genus name.

### Noun

senecio (plural senecios)
* (botany) Any of the plants of the genus Senecio.

#### Related terms

* seneciosis

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* senaciō, senectiō

### Etymology

From senex (“old”) +‎ -iō (nickname-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /seˈne.ki.oː/, [s̠ɛˈnɛkioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /seˈne.t͡ʃi.o/, [seˈnɛːt͡ʃio]

### Noun

seneciō m (genitive seneciōnis); third declension
* an old man
* groundsel

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* (old man): senex, senica/seneca, senicus/ senecus, vetulus, veclus (non-standard), pappus/pāpus
* (old man, Medieval Latin): veglō, vegliō, veglōnus

#### Related terms

* persenex
* sēmisenex
* senāculum
* senātor
* senātōrius
* senātrīx
* senātus
* Seneca
* senecta
* senectūs
* seneō
* senēscō
* senex
* senīlis
* senīliter
* senium

#### Descendants

* Catalan: xenixell
* Spanish: zuzón/suzón (possibly)
* Translingual: Senecio

### References

* “senecio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* senecio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* senecio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# Lual Rural
## English
### Proper noun

Lual Rural
* A barangay of Mauban, Quezon, Philippines.
# Macasin
## English
### Proper noun

Macasin
* A barangay of Mauban, Quezon, Philippines.
# hroces
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxroː.kes/, [ˈr̥oː.kes]

### Noun

hrōces
* genitive singular of hrōc
# نویسندگی
## Persian
### Etymology

نویسنده (nevisande, “writer; author”) +‎ ـگی (-egi)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [na.wiː.san.da.ˈɡiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nä.wiː.sän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nä.wiː.sän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [nä.wiː.sän̪.d̪ä.ɡíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [nä.wi.sän̪.d̪ä.ɡí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ne.viː.sæn̪.d̪e.ɡʲíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [nä.vi.sän̪.d̪ä.ɡí]

### Noun

| Dari | نویسندگی |
| Iranian Persian | نویسندگی |
| Tajik | нависандагӣ |
نویسندگی • (nevisandegi)
* writing
* authorship
# dioxidanyl
## English
### Noun

dioxidanyl (plural dioxidanyls)
* (chemistry, rare, obsolete) Hydroperoxyl.
# connatural
## English
### Etymology

From con- +‎ natural.

### Adjective

connatural (comparative more connatural, superlative most connatural)
* Similar in nature.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:And mix with our connatural dust
** 1917, American Academy of Astrologians, Year Book, page 162:These inflowing potential essences are connatural with the astral conduits thus provided for their actualization, pursuant to a law of attrition and homogeneity.
* (obsolete) Inborn; inherent; natural.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:innate
** a. 1677 (date written), Matthew Hale, “Touching the Excellency of the Humane Nature in General”, in The Primitive Origination of Mankind, Considered and Examined According to the Light of Nature, London: […] William Godbid, for William Shrowsbery, […], published 1677, →OCLC, section I, page 63:It is true, that it is vvith the connatural Principles inſcribed in our Minds as it is vvith our Faculties, they lye more torpid, and inactive, and inevident, unleſs they are avvakened and exerciſed, like a ſpark involved in aſhes; […]
** 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:These Affections are in truth Connatural to us.

#### Derived terms

* connaturality
* connaturally
* connaturalness

### References

* “connatural”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* cannulator

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /konnatuˈɾal/ [kõn.na.t̪uˈɾal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: con‧na‧tu‧ral

### Adjective

connatural m or f (masculine and feminine plural connaturales)
* connatural

### Further reading

* “connatural”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# effulgeo
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* effulgō

### Etymology

From ex- (“out of”) +‎ fulgeō (“shine”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /efˈful.ɡe.oː/, [ɛfˈfʊɫ̪ɡeoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /efˈful.d͡ʒe.o/, [efˈful̠ʲd͡ʒeo]

### Verb

effulgeō (present infinitive effulgēre, perfect active effulsī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
* to shine or gleam forth, glitter, flash

#### Related terms

* affulgeō
* circumfulgeō
* cōnfulgeō
* fulgeō
* interfulgeō
* offulgeō
* praefulgeō
* refulgeō
* suffulgeō
* superfulgeō
* trānsfulgeō

#### Descendants

* → English: effulgent

### References

* “effulgeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “effulgeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* effulgeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# bullock-carts
## English
### Noun

bullock-carts
* plural of bullock-cart
# Poltava
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ(ː)lˈtavə/, /pɒlˈtavə/
* Hyphenation: Pol‧ta‧va

### Proper noun

Poltava
* A city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine.
    Synonyms: (historical) Ltava, (historical) Poltawa
* An urban hromada of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine.
* A raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine.
* An oblast in east-central Ukraine.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Poltava on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Poltava urban hromada on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Poltava Raion on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Poltava Oblast on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).

### Proper noun

Poltava n
* Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)
* Poltava (a city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)
* Poltava (a raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

### Further reading

* Poltava on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /powˈta.vɐ/ [poʊ̯ˈta.vɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /powˈta.vɐ/ [poʊ̯ˈta.vɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /powˈta.va/ [poʊ̯ˈta.va]
* (Portugal) IPA: /polˈta.vɐ/ [poɫˈta.vɐ], /pɔlˈta.vɐ/ [pɔɫˈta.vɐ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /polˈta.vɐ/ [poɫˈta.vɐ], /pɔlˈta.vɐ/ [pɔɫˈta.vɐ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /polˈta.bɐ/ [poɫˈta.βɐ], /pɔlˈta.bɐ/ [pɔɫˈta.βɐ]
* Hyphenation: Pol‧ta‧va

### Proper noun

Poltava
* Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)
* Poltava (a city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)
* Poltava (a raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).

### Proper noun

Poltava
* Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)
# grzdulnąć
## Polish
### Etymology

From grzdula +‎ -nąć.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈɡʐdul.nɔɲt͡ɕ/

### Verb

grzdulnąć pf
* (transitive, Kielce) to lump (to hit such that a bump forms)

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “grzdulnąć”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 247
# galushki
## English
### Etymology

From Russian галу́шки (galúški), plural of галу́шка (galúška).

### Noun

galushki pl (plural only)
* Alternative form of haluski.
** 1963, Beryl Gould-Marks, “Ukrainian Galushki (Fritters)”, in Eating the Russian Way, New York, N.Y.: Gramercy Publishing Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, “Sweets” section, page 102:Fry the galushki to a light brown. Shake the pan to prevent them sticking.
** 1974, F. Siegel, transl., “Ukrainian Dumplings (Galushki)”, in Russian Cooking, Moscow: Mir Publishers, →OCLC, “Cereals and Puddings” section, page 140, column 2:Lay the galushki in boiling salt water and cook at boiling point for 10 minutes. When the galushki rise to the top they are done.
** 1999, Ingo Schulze, translated by John E[dwin] Woods, chapter 17, in 33 Moments of Happiness: St. Petersburg Stories, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 140:Meanwhile vegetable and fish sakuski were created, one cold soup of kvass and another of cucumber, a milk soup, cheese omelets, Russian cheese dumplings, scrambled eggs and herring, a noodle casserole, galushki, pelmeni in cream, pumpkin-apple zapekanka, creamed cabbage and—for me, the pièce de résistance—a borscht the likes of which I shall probably never eat again.
** 2015, Frank G Schafer, “The Garden of Eden”, in Sammy: Gaia Lives, →ISBN, page 221:Knowing what a foodie Mary was, I inquired about the Russian food. The waitress explained in detail about some of these items, like galushki, grenki, and something called kutia with rice and raisins.
** 2016, Fiona Ross, “Butter Dumplings (Galushki)”, in Dining with Leaders, Rebels, Heroes, and Outlaws (Dining with Destiny), Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 60:Pull off sections of the dough and shape these into small, walnut-size balls (dumplings or galushki). In a large, deep saucepan bring salted water to a boil. Pop the galushki into the boiling water and cook for 10 minutes.