# 未亡人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèiwángrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^6$ mong$^4$ jan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-bông-jîn / bī-bông-lîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèiwángrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèiwángrén
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-wang$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: wèi-wáng-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weywangren
*** Palladius: вэйванжэнь (vɛjvanžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^6$ mong$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: meih mòhng yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^6$ mong$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^6$ mong$^4$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²² mɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-bông-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: bī-bông-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixbongjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-bông-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: bī-bông-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixbongliin
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mj+jH mjang nyin
Rime :
| Character | 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 陽 (106) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 無沸切 | 武方切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | mj+jH | mjang | nyin |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉi$^H$/ | /mʉɐŋ/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɨi$^H$/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuəi$^H$/ | /miuɑŋ/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muj$^H$/ | /muaŋ/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /miuəi$^H$/ | /miuaŋ/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwəi$^H$/ | /mĭwaŋ/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mwe̯i$^H$/ | /miwaŋ/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi | wáng | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^6$ | mong$^4$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s maŋ ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯds maŋ njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 未 | 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi | wèi | wáng | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjɨj$^H$ › | ‹ mjɨj$^H$ › | ‹ mjang › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*m[ə]t-s/ | /*m[ə]t-s/ | /*maŋ/ | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | not yet | 8th earthly branch | flee; disappear; die | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12917 | 12662 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 陽 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 未 | 亡 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯds/ | /*maŋ/ | /*njin/ |
| Notes | 從屮從木與芔字同根， 陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝 | | |

### Noun

未亡人
* (literary) widow (typically as self-reference)

#### Usage notes

Considered dated by a number of dictionaries. Nowadays more and more disfavoured. Often proscribed by feminists.

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) (mibōjin)
* → Korean: 미망인(未亡人) (mimang'in)

## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| み Grade: 4 | ぼう Grade: 6 | じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |||
* (Tokyo) みぼーじん [mìbóꜜòjìǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [mʲibo̞ːʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) • (mibōjin)
* widow

##### Synonyms

* 寡婦(かふ) (kafu)
* 後家(ごけ) (goke)
* やもめ (yamome)

##### Related terms

* 男(おとこ)やもめ (otokoyamome)
* 寡夫(かふ) (kafu)
* 寡(か)フ (kafu)
* やもお (yamō)

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 未 | 亡 | 人 |
| び Grade: 4 | ぼう Grade: 6 | じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |||
* (Tokyo) びぼーじん [bìbóꜜòjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [bʲibo̞ːʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

未(び)亡(ぼう)人(じん) • (bibōjin)
* widow

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 未 | 亡 | 人 |

### Noun

未亡人 • (mimang'in) (hangeul 미망인)
* hanja form of 미망인