# 내

| 내 | U+B0B4, &#45236; HANGUL SYLLABLE NAE |
| Composition: | ㄴ + ㅐ |
| ← 낳 [U+B0B3] | Hangul Syllables | 낵 → [U+B0B5] |
내낵낶낷낸낹낺 낻낼낽낾낿냀냁 냂냃냄냅냆냇냈 냉냊냋냌냍냎냏 :
| 나 ← | → 냐 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested as eighth-century Old Korean 川理 (*NAri); the Old Korean form is also given directly in Dongdong, an archaic poem in the 1493 collection Akhak gwebeom (樂學軌範 / 악학궤범), as 나리 (Yale: nali).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 냏〯 (Yale: nǎyh).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

내 • (nae)
* (now chiefly literary or poetic) stream, brook
    Synonym: 개천(開川) (gaecheon)
    내가 흐르다 ― nae-ga heureuda ― for a stream to flow
** 1955 (posthumous), 윤동주／尹東柱<t:Yun Dong-ju>, “새로운 길 [A New Road]”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 詩(시) [Sky, Wind, Stars, and Poetry]:내를 건너서 숲으로 / 고개를 넘어서 마을로 / 어제도 가고 오늘도 갈 / 나의 길 새로운 길nae-reul geonneoseo sup-euro / gogae-reul neomeoseo ma'eul-lo / eoje-do gago oneul-do gal / na-ui gil saeroun gilCrossing the stream and into the forest / Over the hill and into the village / The road I travelled yesterday and will travel today / The road will be forever new

##### Derived terms

* 냇가 (naetga)
* 냇내 (naennae)
* 냇둑 (naetduk)
* 냇모래 (naenmorae)
* 냇물 (naenmul)
* 냇바닥 (naetbadak)
* 냇바람 (naetbaram)
* 냇버들 (naetbeodeul)
* 냇자갈 (naetjagal)
* 냇줄기 (naetjulgi)
* 뒷내 (dwinnae)
* 시내 (sinae)
* 앞내 (amnae)

##### See also

* 川 (cheon), the hanja for "stream"

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 내〮 (Yale: náy).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

#### Noun

내 • (nae)
* smell, scent
    Synonym: 냄새 (naemsae)
    빵에서 고소한 내가 풍긴다. ― Ppang-eseo goso-han nae-ga pungginda. ― From the bread a sweet scent is given off.

##### Usage notes

* Typically used in compounds; 냄새 (naemsae) is more commonly used alone.

##### Derived terms

* 간내 (gannae)
* 갯내 (gaennae)
* 겻불내 (gyeotbullae)
* 고랑내 (gorangnae)
* 고린내 (gorinnae)
* 곰팡내 (gompangnae)
* 구린내 (gurinnae)
* 군내 (gunnae)
* 기름내 (gireumnae)
* 날내 (nallae)
* 냇내 (naennae)
* 노린내 (norinnae)
* 누린내 (nurinnae)
* 눋대 (nutdae)
* 단내 (dannae)
* 들내 (deullae)
* 땀내 (ttamnae)
* 땅내 (ttangnae)
* 똥내 (ttongnae)
* 뜬내 (tteunnae)
* 머릿내 (meorinnae)
* 먼지내 (meonjinae)
* 몸내 (momnae)
* 묵은내 (mugeunnae)
* 문내 (munnae)
* 문뱃내 (munbaennae)
* 밥내 (bamnae)
* 비린내 (birinnae)
* 살내 (sallae)
* 쇳내 (soennae)
* 숯내 (sunnae)
* 쉰내 (swinnae)
* 암내 (amnae)
* 오줌내 (ojumnae)
* 입내 (imnae)
* 자릿내 (jarinnae)
* 잡내 (jamnae)
* 젖내 (jeonnae)
* 좀내 (jomnae)
* 지린내 (jirinnae)
* 코린내 (korinnae)
* 쿠린내 (kurinnae)
* 탄내 (tannae)
* 풋내 (punnae)
* 피비린내 (pibirinnae)
* 흙내 (heungnae)

### Etymology 3

From Middle Korean 내〮 (ná-y).
Equivalent to a contraction of 나 (na, “I; me”, plain first-person pronoun) +‎ 이 (-i, nominative particle). When the 가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 나 (na), producing this new allomorphy. This doubly nominative-marked form was first attested in the Ineo daebang (隣語大方 / 인어대방), a 1790 Korean–Japanese textbook (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 273).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

#### Pronoun

내 • (nae)
* allomorph of 나 (na, plain first-person pronoun) before 가 (-ga, nominative suffix)
    Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

### Etymology 4

From Middle Korean 내 (này).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

#### Determiner

내 • (nae)
* Contraction of 나의 (na-ui): my
    Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)
    내 기억이 맞다면 그는 교사였다. ― Nae gieog-i matdamyeon geu-neun gyosa-yeotda. ― If my memory serves me right, he was a teacher.
** 1974, Park Chung-hee, Caligraphy written on 20 May 1974:
    내 一(일)生(생) 祖(조)國(국)과 民(민)族(족)을 爲(위)하여nae ilsaeng joguk-gwa minjog-eul wihayeo[I] dedicate my entire life towards the motherland and the nation.

### Etymology 5

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄂᆡ〮 (Yale: nóy).
Displaced by Sino-Korean 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi), as the general word for "smoke".

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

#### Noun

내 • (nae)
* (now uncommon) smoke
    Synonym: 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi)
    내를 맡다/마시다 ― nae-reul matda/masida ― to inhale smoke
** 1991 September 1, “孫(손)悟(오)空(공)과 宇(우)宙(주)船(선)”, in Chosun Ilbo:그 회견에서 내려다본 지구의 모습을 묻는 말에 『마치 연기에 가려진 것처럼 내가 잔뜩 끼여있다. 피나투보화산의 폭발 때문인지 쿠웨이트의 유전 연기 때문인지는 알 수 없지만 이제까지 세번에 걸친 우주여행에서 최악의 흐린 전망이다』고 했다.Geu hoegyeon-eseo naeryeodabon jigu-ui moseub-eul munneun mar-e machi yeon'gi-e garyeojin geot-cheoreom nae-ga jantteuk kkiyeoitda. Pinatubo-hwasan-ui pokbal ttaemun-inji Kuweiteu-ui yujeon yeon'gi ttaemun-inji-neun al su eop-jiman ije-kkaji se-beon-e geolchin ujuyeohaeng-eseo choeag-ui heurin jeonmang-idago haetda.In the news conference, when asked about the view of Earth as seen from space, [Dr. Lucid] replied, "It was enveloped in an obscuring haze of smoke. I do not know if that is because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo or smoke from the Kuwaiti oil fields, but it is so far the worst view I had in all of my three missions."

##### See also

* 煙 (yeon), the hanja for "smoke"

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 內.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Dependent noun

내 • (nae) (hanja 內)
* inside (an area or space)
    Synonym: 안 (an)
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
    사무실 내에서는 흡연 금지입니다. ― Samusil nae-eseo-neun heubyeon geumji-imnida. ― Smoking is forbidden in the office.
* within (a certain time or limit)
    Synonym: 안 (an)
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
    과제는 금주 내로 제출해야 됩니다. ― Gwaje-neun geumju nae-ro jechul-haeya doemnida. ― The assignment must be submitted by the end of the week.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 內 for Sino-Korean compounds of 내 (內, nae).

#### Prefix

내— • (nae-) (hanja 內)
* internal
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe-)
    ‎내(內) (nae-) + ‎출혈(出血) (chulhyeol, “bleeding”) → ‎내출혈(內出血) (naechulhyeol, “internal bleeding”)

### Etymology 7

First attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 내 (Yale: nay).
See 내 (-nae, “through, throughout”), the suffix form.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Adverb

내 • (nae)
* through, throughout, all the time

##### Derived terms

* 내내 (naenae, reduplication)

### Etymology 8
#### Pronoun

내 • (nae)
* Gyeongsang form of 나 (na, “I, me”)
    내한테 도라 ― nae-hante dora ― give it to me

### Etymology 9

Reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

내 • (nae)
* 內: inside; within
    (eumhun reading: 안 내 (an nae)) (MC reading: 內 (MC nwojH))
* 乃: then; really, indeed; after all
    (eumhun reading: 이에 내 (ie nae)) (MC reading: 乃 (MC nojX))
* 奈: but; how
    (eumhun reading: 어찌 내 (eojji nae)) (MC reading: 奈 (MC najH))
* 耐: endure; resist; patient
    (eumhun reading: 견딜 내 (gyeondil nae)) (MC reading: 耐 (MC nojH))
* 來:
    (MC reading: 來 (MC loj))