# صبح
## Arabic

* Root
* ص ب ح (ṣ b ḥ)
* 15 terms

### Etymology 1.1
#### Noun

صُبْح • (ṣubḥ) m (plural أَصْبَاح (ʔaṣbāḥ))
* (chiefly Modern Standard Arabic) the time from sunrise to noon, morning
    Synonym: (literary) ضَحْوَة (ḍaḥwa, “forenoon”)
* (archaic) the time from morning twilight to sunrise, dayspring
    Synonym: فَجْر (fajr, “dawn”)
** (Islam) the first of the five obligatory Islamic daily prayers, the daybreak prayer
    Synonym: فَجْر (fajr, “the dawn prayer”)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: sebħ
* → Azerbaijani: sübh
* → Baluchi: صهب (sauhb)
* → Hausa: asubahi / asuba
* → Malay: subuh
* → Maranao: sobo
* → Ottoman Turkish: صبح (subh)
* → Persian: صبح (sobh)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सुबह (subah)
    Urdu: صبح (subh)
** → Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: ਸੁਬ੍ਹਾ (subhā)
*** Shahmukhi script: صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
** → Mazanderani: صوی (sevi)
* → Swahili: asubuhi
* → Tajik: субҳ (subh)
* → Tausug: subu
* → Uzbek: subh
* → Wolof: suba

### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

صَبَحَ • (ṣabaḥa) I (non-past يَصْبَحُ (yaṣbaḥu), verbal noun صَبْح (ṣabḥ))
* to offer a morning draught to (someone)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

صَبُحَ • (ṣabuḥa) I (non-past يَصْبُحُ (yaṣbuḥu), verbal noun صَبَاحَة (ṣabāḥa))
* to be beautiful, to be handsome, to be pretty
* to be graceful
* to beam, to be radiant

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Verb

صَبَّحَ • (ṣabbaḥa) II (non-past يُصَبِّحُ (yuṣabbiḥu), verbal noun تَصْبِيح (taṣbīḥ))
* to offer a morning draught
* to come in the morning
* to wish a good morning

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.5
#### Noun

صَبْح • (ṣabḥ) m
* verbal noun of صَبَحَ (ṣabaḥa) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.1
#### Verb

صَبِحَ • (ṣabiḥa) I (non-past يَصْبَحُ (yaṣbaḥu), verbal noun صَبَح (ṣabaḥ) or صُبْحَة (ṣubḥa)) (Classical Arabic)
* to be reddish, have reddish locks among grey hair
    Synonyms: اِصْبَاحَّ (iṣbāḥḥa), صَهِبَ (ṣahiba)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Noun

صَبَح • (ṣabaḥ) m
* verbal noun of صَبِحَ (ṣabiḥa, “to have reddish locks among grey hair”) (form I)

##### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “صبح”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 475–476
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صبح”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 1303–1304
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صبح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صبح”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 692–693

## Gujarati
### Etymology

From Classical Persian صبح (subh), from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

### Noun

صبح • (subah) f (Standard Gujarati સુબહ) (Lisan ud-Dawat)
* morning, dawn

## Malay
### Noun

صبح (plural صبح-صبح or صبح٢, informal 1st possessive صبحکو, 2nd possessive صبحمو, 3rd possessive صبحڽ)
* Jawi spelling of subuh‎

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [suβh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊbʰ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊbʰ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sʊb], [soːb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sub̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sobʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [subʰ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | صبح |
| Iranian Persian | صبح |
| Tajik | субҳ |
صبح • (sobh)
* morning
    Synonyms: صباح, بامداد

#### Derived terms

* صبحانه (sobhâne)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सुबह (subah)
    Urdu: صبح (subh)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਸੁਬ੍ਹਾ (subhā)
** Shahmukhi script: صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
* → Mazanderani: صوی (sevi)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤubħ/, [ˈsˤʊ.b(o)ħ]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

صبح • (ṣubḥ) m
* morning

#### See also

* فجر (fajr)
* صبحية (ṣabaḥiyye)
* صبح (ṣubḥ)
* نهار (nhār)
* ضهر (ḍuhr)
* عصر (ʕaṣr)
* مغرب (maḡreb)
* مسا (masa)
* ليل (lēl)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صبح (subh), from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sʊb.ɦ/, /sʊ.bəɦ/, /sʊ.buːɦ/
* (common) IPA: [sʊ.bʱɑː], [sʊ.bʱoː], [sʊ.bʱeː]

### Noun

صُبْح • (subh) f (Hindi spelling सुबह)
* morning
    Antonym: شام (śām)
* dawn
    Synonym: سَویرا (saverā)
* (figuratively, Islam) fajr – salat (the dawn prayer).

#### Declension
### Adverb

صبح • (subah) (Hindi spelling सुबह)
* in the morning

### Further reading

* “صبح”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “صبح”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “صبح”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.