# 暴

| 暴 | U+66B4, &#26292; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B4 |
| ← 暳 [U+66B3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 暵 → [U+66B5] |
| 暴 | U+FA06, &#64006; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06 |
| ← 洞 [U+FA05] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 輻 → [U+FA07] |

## Translingual
### Han character

暴 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 6013$_2$, composition ⿱日㳟)

#### Derived characters

* 儤, 嚗, 𢖔, 懪, 㩧, 瀑, 曝, 𦢊, 𣞺, 爆, 犦, 𭻶, 䂍, 𥗋, 𮂡, 𦆿, 𧔙, 襮, 𧭤, 𧲐, 𨇅, 䤖, 鑤, 𢑾, 鸔, 𣋰, 𣀛, 𣀠, 㿺, 𩁠, 𩙕, 𪇰, 𮆭, 𩯱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
* Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1532, character 15
* Unihan data for U+66B4
* Unihan data for U+FA06

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 暴 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 暴 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 曝 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 瀑 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 虣 | *boːwɢs |
| 爆 | *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ |
| 襮 | *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 嚗 | *proːwɢ |
| 謈 | *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ |
| 犦 | *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 懪 | *broːwɢ |
Its original form is 𫻺 and can be seen on oracle bone script; ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 戈 (“weapon”) – violence. The character also means "to expose to the sun", but its most archaic form does not convey this particular meaning.
However, by the time of bamboo slip script, usage of 𫻺 had been replaced entirely by phonetically borrowing 㬥. This new character originates from the proto-form 𮲡, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 共 (“hands lifting an object”); in this precise case, the hands are lifting a plant graphically similar to 丰 or 出. 米 (“rice”) was later added to emphasize the meaning of drying things out in the sun since rice and similar plants can be dried out in the sun. Eventually, the bottom component was stylized as the unrelated 水 and the whole character was stylized into 暴: the plant is no more visible in the new version.
The meaning "to expose to the sun" is preserved in 𣌑 > 曝.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào (bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
* Jin (Wiktionary): bau$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bô̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pō / po̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^6$
*** Yale: bouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
*** Hakka Romanization System: pau
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō / po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: pō / po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poi, pok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po²²/, /pɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹/, /pɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²/, /pɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po³³/, /pɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/, /pɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$bau
*** MiniDict: bau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$bau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: bawH
Rime :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄報切 |
| Baxter | bawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ baw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁawk-s/ |
| English | violent |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 330 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 |
| Rime group | 貌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːwɢs/ |

#### Definitions

暴
* sudden
* violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical
    暴行 ― bàoxíng ― act of violence
* quick-tempered; hot-tempered
    暴躁 ― bàozào ― irritable; irascible; bad-tempered
* to spoil; to waste; to damage
    自暴自棄／自暴自弃 ― zìbàozìqì ― to abandon oneself to despair
* (literary) to abuse; to oppress; to treat cruelly
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Yáng Hǔ cháng bào Kuāng rén. [Pinyin]
    Yang Hu once abused the people of Kuang.

#### Compounds

* 不忙不暴
* 以暴制暴
* 以暴易亂 / 以暴易乱
* 以暴易暴
* 侵暴
* 凌暴 (língbào)
* 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
* 地磁暴
* 大風暴 / 大风暴
* 婚姻暴力
* 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
* 急風暴雨 / 急风暴雨 (jífēngbàoyǔ)
* 憑河暴虎 / 凭河暴虎
* 懆暴 (cǎobào)
* 抗暴 (kàngbào)
* 扭頭暴筋 / 扭头暴筋
* 振弱除暴
* 撥亂誅暴 / 拨乱诛暴
* 擒姦討暴 / 擒奸讨暴
* 操暴
* 施暴 (shībào)
* 昏暴
* 暴下
* 暴亂 / 暴乱 (bàoluàn)
* 暴內陵外 / 暴内陵外
* 暴冷
* 暴利 (bàolì)
* 暴力 (bàolì)
* 暴力滋擾 / 暴力滋扰
* 暴力犯罪
* 暴力革命
* 暴動 / 暴动 (bàodòng)
* 暴卒 (bàozú)
* 暴厲 / 暴厉 (bàolì)
* 暴厲之氣 / 暴厉之气
* 暴厲恣睢 / 暴厉恣睢
* 暴取豪奪 / 暴取豪夺
* 暴君 (bàojūn)
* 暴土 (bàotǔ)
* 暴增 (bàozēng)
* 暴客
* 暴室
* 暴富 (bàofù)
* 暴崩 (bàobēng)
* 暴師 / 暴师
* 暴徒 (bàotú)
* 暴忽
* 暴怒 (bàonù)
* 暴恣
* 暴懆
* 暴戾 (bàolì)
* 暴戾之氣 / 暴戾之气
* 暴戾恣睢
* 暴抗
* 暴投 (bàotóu)
* 暴掠
* 暴揚 / 暴扬
* 暴政 (bàozhèng)
* 暴斂 / 暴敛 (bàoliǎn)
* 暴斂橫徵 / 暴敛横征
* 暴斃 / 暴毙 (bàobì)
* 暴暴
* 暴桑
* 暴桀
* 暴橫 / 暴横
* 暴死 (bàosǐ)
* 暴殄 (bàotiǎn)
* 暴殄天物 (bàotiǎntiānwù)
* 暴殄輕生 / 暴殄轻生
* 暴民 (bàomín)
* 暴洪 (bàohóng)
* 暴漲 / 暴涨 (bàozhǎng)
* 暴漲暴跌 / 暴涨暴跌
* 暴潮
* 暴烈 (bàoliè)
* 暴燥
* 暴燥如雷
* 暴牙 (bàoyá)
* 暴疾
* 暴病 (bàobìng)
* 暴病身亡
* 暴發 / 暴发 (bàofā)
* 暴發戶 / 暴发户 (bàofāhù)
* 暴白 (bàobái)
* 暴穎 / 暴颖 (pok-íⁿ) (Min Nan)
* 暴脾氣 / 暴脾气
* 暴腮龍門 / 暴腮龙门
* 暴至
* 暴舉 / 暴举
* 暴虎
* 暴虎馮河 / 暴虎冯河 (bàohǔ-pínghé)
* 暴虐 (bàonüè)
* 暴虐浮躁
* 暴虐無道 / 暴虐无道
* 暴行
* 暴貴 / 暴贵
* 暴起暴落
* 暴跌 (bàodiē)
* 暴跳如雷 (bàotiào-rúléi)
* 暴躁 (bàozào)
* 暴躁如雷
* 暴醃 / 暴腌
* 暴雨 (bàoyǔ)
* 暴雷 (bàoléi)
* 暴雷也似
* 暴面
* 暴風 / 暴风 (bàofēng)
* 暴風半徑 / 暴风半径
* 暴風圈 / 暴风圈
* 暴風疾雨 / 暴风疾雨
* 暴風雨 / 暴风雨 (bàofēngyǔ)
* 暴風雪 / 暴风雪 (bàofēngxuě)
* 暴風驟雨 / 暴风骤雨 (bàofēngzhòuyǔ)
* 暴飲暴食 / 暴饮暴食 (bàoyǐnbàoshí)
* 暴骨
* 暴骨原野
* 栗暴 (lìbào)
* 橫征暴斂 / 横征暴敛
* 橫暴 / 横暴 (hèngbào)
* 橫科暴斂 / 横科暴敛
* 橫賦暴斂 / 横赋暴敛
* 止暴禁非
* 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
* 殘暴不仁 / 残暴不仁 (cánbàobùrén)
* 沙暴 (shābào)
* 炕暴
* 狂暴 (kuángbào)
* 狂風暴雨 / 狂风暴雨 (kuángfēngbàoyǔ)
* 疾風暴雨 / 疾风暴雨
* 磁暴 (cíbào)
* 禁暴誅亂 / 禁暴诛乱
* 禁暴靜亂 / 禁暴静乱
* 窮暴 / 穷暴
* 粗暴 (cūbào)
* 粗風暴雨 / 粗风暴雨
* 自暴自棄 / 自暴自弃 (zìbàozìqì)
* 荒時暴月 / 荒时暴月
* 藜暴
* 討惡剪暴 / 讨恶剪暴
* 討逆除暴 / 讨逆除暴
* 誅暴討逆 / 诛暴讨逆
* 誖暴
* 警暴 (jǐngbào)
* 變暴 / 变暴
* 躁暴
* 迅風暴雨 / 迅风暴雨
* 逆天暴物
* 逞暴
* 鈔暴 / 钞暴
* 鎮暴 / 镇暴 (zhènbào)
* 鎮暴警察 / 镇暴警察
* 鎮暴隊形 / 镇暴队形
* 除暴
* 除暴安良 (chúbào'ānliáng)
* 陵暴 (língbào)
* 雷暴 (léibào)
* 風暴 / 风暴 (fēngbào)
* 飄風暴雨 / 飘风暴雨
* 鬥暴 / 斗暴

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 暴(ぼう) (bō)
* → Korean: 포(暴) (po)
* → Vietnamese: bạo (暴)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pù (pu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bó̤h
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / po̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pù
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pù
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^4$
*** Yale: pù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^6$
*** Yale: buhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pok
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h
*** Tâi-lô: po̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poih
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: buwk
Rime :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲木切 |
| Baxter | buwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /buk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /buk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | buk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-pˁawk/ |
| English | expose to sun |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 343 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːɡ/ |

##### Definitions

暴
* Alternative form of 曝 (“to sun; to air in the sun”)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Suī yǒu tiānxià yì shēng zhī wù yě, yīrì pù zhī, shí rì hán zhī, wèiyǒu néng shēng zhě yě. [Pinyin]
    Suppose the case of the most easily growing thing in the world; if you expose it for one day to the sun, and then expose it for ten days to cold, it will not be able to grow.

##### Compounds

* 一暴十寒 (yīpùshíhán)

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào, pù
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ, ㄆㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^6$ / bou$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bó̤h
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / po̍h / pō
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; literary variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pù
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pù
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^4$
*** Yale: pù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^6$ / bou$^6$
*** Yale: buhk / bouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^9$ / bou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^6$ / bou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚²/, /pou̯²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pok
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h
*** Tâi-lô: po̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poih
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō
*** Tâi-lô: pō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /po²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po³³/
* Middle Chinese: buwk
Rime :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲木切 |
| Baxter | buwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /buk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /buk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | buk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-pˁawk/ |
| English | expose to sun |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 343 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːɡ/ |

##### Definitions

暴
* to show; to expose

##### Compounds

* 暴屍 / 暴尸 (bàoshī)
* 暴屍於市 / 暴尸于市 (bàoshīyúshì)
* 暴露 (bàolù)
* 暴露狂 (bàolùkuáng)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 폭(暴) (pok)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào, bó (bao$^4$, bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ, ㄅㄛˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, literary)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

##### Definitions

暴
* to stick out; to bulge

##### Compounds

* 暴暴
* 暴突

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bó (bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

##### Definitions

暴
* Used in 暴樂／暴乐 (bóluò).

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation 1

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): puh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: puh
*** Tâi-lô: puh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: puq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /puʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /puʔ⁵/

##### Definitions

暴
* (Hokkien) to sprout; to send forth (leaves, buds, beard, bubbles, etc.)

###### Compounds

* 暴沫
* 暴穎 / 暴颖
* 暴膿 / 暴脓
* 暴芽

#### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pauh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pauh
*** Tâi-lô: pauh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pauq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pauʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ⁵/

##### Definitions

暴
* (Hokkien) to emerge; to pop up; to spring forth

###### Compounds

* 暴牙 (bàoyá)
* 暴齒 / 暴齿

### References

* “暴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* violent; brutal; fierce

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)、ぼく (boku)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)、ほく (hoku)
* Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: あばく (abaku, 暴く, Jōyō)、あばれる (abareru, 暴れる, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 暴(ぼう)君(くん) (bōkun)
* 暴(ぼう)言(げん) (bōgen)
* 暴(ぼう)行(こう) (bōkō)
* 暴(ぼう)走(そう) (bōsō)
* 暴(ぼう)徒(と) (bōto)
* 暴(ぼう)怒(ど) (bōdo, “rage”)
* 暴(ぼう)騰(とう) (bōtō)
* 暴(ぼう)投(とう) (bōtō)
* 暴(ぼう)動(どう) (bōdō)
* 暴(ぼう)発(はつ) (bōhatsu)
* 暴(ぼう)風(ふう) (bōfū)
* 暴(ぼう)落(らく) (bōraku)
* 暴(ぼう)力(りょく) (bōryoku)
* 横(おう)暴(ぼう) (ōbō)
* 凶(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
* 強(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
* 乱(らん)暴(ぼう) (ranbō)
* 邪(じゃ)智(ち)暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) (jachibōgyaku)
* 暴(ばく)露(ろ) (bakuro)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 暴
* ぼう Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼー [bóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bo̞ː]

### Adjective

暴(ぼう) • (bō) -na (adnominal 暴(ぼう)な (bō na), adverbial 暴(ぼう)に (bō ni))
* violent

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 暴だろ | ぼうだろ | bō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 暴で | ぼうで | bō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 暴だ | ぼうだ | bō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 暴な | ぼうな | bō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 暴なら | ぼうなら | bō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 暴であれ | ぼうであれ | bō de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 暴ではない 暴じゃない | ぼうではない ぼうじゃない | bō de wa nai bō ja nai |
| Informal past | 暴だった | ぼうだった | bō datta |
| Informal negative past | 暴ではなかった 暴じゃなかった | ぼうではなかった ぼうじゃなかった | bō de wa nakatta bō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 暴です | ぼうです | bō desu |
| Formal negative | 暴ではありません 暴じゃありません | ぼうではありません ぼうじゃありません | bō de wa arimasen bō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 暴でした | ぼうでした | bō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 暴ではありませんでした 暴じゃありませんでした | ぼうではありませんでした ぼうじゃありませんでした | bō de wa arimasen deshita bō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 暴で | ぼうで | bō de |
| Conditional | 暴なら（ば） | ぼうなら（ば） | bō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 暴だったら | ぼうだったら | bō dattara |
| Volitional | 暴だろう | ぼうだろう | bō darō |
| Adverbial | 暴に | ぼうに | bō ni |
| Degree | 暴さ | ぼうさ | bōsa |

### Noun

暴(ぼう) • (bō)
* violentness

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buwk, “to expose to the sun”).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 曝/폭 (phwok)$^訓$ (Yale: phwok) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰo̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [폭]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 暴 (eumhun 나타날 폭 (natanal pok)) 暴 (eumhun 드러날 폭 (deureonal pok))
* (only in compounds) hanja form of 폭 (“to show; to appear; to manifest”)

#### Compounds

* 폭로 (暴露, pongno, “disclosure; exposure; revelation”)
* 폭풍 (暴風, pokpung, “storm”)

### Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buwk). The original reading is 포 (po) based on Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰo̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [폭]

#### Hanja

暴 (eumhun 사나울 폭 (sanaul pok))
* (only in compounds) hanja form of 폭 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)

#### Compounds

* 폭군 (暴君, pokgun)
* 폭도 (暴徒, pokdo)
* 폭동 (暴動, pokdong)
* 폭등 (暴騰, pokdeung)
* 폭락 (暴落, pongnak)
* 폭력 (暴力, pongnyeok)
* 폭리 (暴利, pongni)
* 폭망 (暴亡, pongmang)
* 폭발 (暴發, pokbal)
* 폭부 (暴富, pokbu)
* 폭사 (暴死, poksa)
* 폭설 (暴雪, pokseol)
* 폭식 (暴食, poksik)
* 폭압 (暴壓, pogap)
* 폭언 (暴言, pogeon)
* 폭염 (暴炎, pogyeom)
* 폭우 (暴雨, pogu)
* 폭음 (暴飮, pogeum)
* 폭정 (暴政, pokjeong)
* 폭주 (暴注, pokju)
* 폭주 (暴走, pokju)
* 폭주 (暴酒, pokju)
* 폭탈 (暴奪, poktal)
* 폭풍 (暴風, pokpung)
* 폭행 (暴行, pokhaeng)

### Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뽀ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwów) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 포〯 (phwǒ)$^訓$ (Yale: phwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰo̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [포(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

暴 (eumhun 사나울 포 (sanaul po))
* hanja form of 포 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)

#### Compounds

* 난포 (亂暴, nanpo)
* 자포자기 (自暴自棄, japojagi)
* 포기 (暴棄, pogi)
* 포악 (暴惡, poak)
* 횡포 (橫暴, hoengpo)
* 흉포 (凶暴, hyungpo)

### Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 暴.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 빡〮 (Yale: ppák) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Hanja

暴 (eumhun 앙상할 박 (angsanghal bak))
* (literary Chinese) hanja form of 박 (“sparse; bare; thin; skinny”)

#### Compounds

* 박락 (暴樂, bangnak)
* 박포 (暴布, bakpo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

暴: Hán Việt readings: bạo (薄(bạc)報(báo)切(thiết)), bộc (步(bộ)木(mộc)切(thiết))
暴: Nôm readings: bạo, bão, bộc, bậu, bẹo
* chữ Hán form of bạo (“ferocious; cruel; violent”).

#### Compounds

* 暴主 (bạo chúa)
* 暴力 (bạo lực)
* 殘暴 (tàn bạo)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).