# 南京
## Chinese

* 南京 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 南京 (Cantonese)
* 南京 (Classical)
* 南京 (Gan)
* Nàm-kîn-sṳ (Hakka)
* Nàng-gĭng (Eastern Min)
* Lâm-kiaⁿ (Southern Min)
* 南京 (Wu)
* Nanjing (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Nánjīng
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): Lánjìn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam$^4$ ging$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam$^3$ gen$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Nàm-kîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nam$^2$ gin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Nàng-gĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-kiaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^5$ gian$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$noe-cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjing
*** Wade–Giles: Nan$^2$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: Nán-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjing
*** Palladius: Наньцзин (Nanʹczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: Lánjìn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lan$^2$ jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lã²⁴ t͡ɕĩ³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^4$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: nàahm gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^4$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^4$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nam$^3$ gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdam²² ken³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam$^ˇ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nam$^2$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nam$^2$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Nàng-gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kiaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Lâm-kiann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamkviaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^5$ gian$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm kiaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$noe-cin
*** MiniDict: noe$^去$ cin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$noe-jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nom kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 南 | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 那含切 | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | nom | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌm/ | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəm/ | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒm/ | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəm/ | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀm/ | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒm/ | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /năm/ | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nán | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naam$^4$ | ging$^1$ |

### Proper noun

南京
* (～市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)

#### Synonyms

* (chiefly literary or poetic) 金陵 (Jīnlíng)

#### Derived terms

* 南京大屠殺 / 南京大屠杀 (Nánjīng Dàtúshā)
* 南京條約 / 南京条约
* 南京話 / 南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (Nankin)
* → Korean: 남경(南京) (Namgyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)
Others:
* → Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 京 |
| なん Grade: 2 | きん Grade: 2 |
| tōon ||
Borrowed from English Nanking, from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]
* Audio:(file)

#### Proper noun

南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin)
* Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)
    Synonym: 金陵 (Kinryō)

##### Derived terms

* 南(なん)京(きん)錠(じょう) (Nankinjō, “padlock”)
* 南(なん)京(きん)虫(むし) (Nankinmushi, “bedbug”)
* 南京黄櫨(なんきんはぜ) (Nankin haze)
* 南(なん)京(きん)豆(まめ) (Nankinmame, “peanut”)

##### See also

* 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin)
* 東(トン)京(キン) (Tonkin)
* 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)

#### Noun

南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin)
* pumpkin, squash

##### Synonyms

* (pumpkin, squash): 南瓜(かぼちゃ) (kabocha), 唐茄子(とうなす) (tōnasu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 京 |
| なん Grade: 2 | きょう Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
Compound of 南(なん) (nan, “south”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんきょー [nàńkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

#### Noun

南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō)
* a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)

### References

* ↑ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008) The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 南 | 京 |

### Proper noun

南京 • (Namgyeong) (hangeul 남경)
* hanja form of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 南 | 京 |

### Proper noun

南京
* chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”).