# 殘

| 殘 | U+6B98, &#27544; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B98 |
| ← 殗 [U+6B97] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 殙 → [U+6B99] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 殘 |
| Shinjitai | 残 |
| Simplified | 残 |

### Han character

殘 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈戈 (MNII), four-corner 1325$_3$, composition ⿰歹戔)

#### Derived characters

* 䉔, 𦺐, 𭼨, 𥂫

#### Descendants

* 残 (cán) (in simplified Chinese)
* 残 (in Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 581, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16506
* Dae Jaweon: page 974, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1389, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6B98

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 殘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 殘 | *zlaːn, *zaːns |
| 戔 | *zlaːn |
| 帴 | *zlaːn, *saːns, *ʔslenʔ, *ʔsleːn, *sreːd |
| 虥 | *zreːn, *zreːn, *zreːnʔ, *zraːns |
| 盞 | *ʔsreːnʔ |
| 醆 | *ʔsreːnʔ, *ʔljenʔ |
| 琖 | *ʔsreːnʔ |
| 剗 | *sʰreːnʔ |
| 棧 | *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ |
| 輚 | *zreːnʔ, *zraːns |
| 嶘 | *zreːnʔ |
| 錢 | *ʔslenʔ, *zlen |
| 俴 | *ʔslenʔ, *zlenʔ |
| 籛 | *ʔslenʔ, *ʔslens, *ʔsleːn |
| 淺 | *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn |
| 濺 | *ʔsens, *ʔseːn |
| 踐 | *zlenʔ |
| 諓 | *zlenʔ, *zlens |
| 餞 | *zlenʔ, *zlens |
| 賤 | *zlens |
| 綫 | *slens |
| 箋 | *ʔsleːn |
| 牋 | *ʔsleːn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlaːn, *zaːns) : semantic 歹 (“vicious, bones”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) – to viciously harm, injure.
Semantic was originally 歺, but was simplified to 歹.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cán (can$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhàn
    (Hailu, HRS): can
* Eastern Min (BUC): càng / chàng / chiàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cang$^2$ / zang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhân / chôaⁿ / chân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ze
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cán
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cán
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tsán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarn
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caan$^4$
*** Yale: chàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: can$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: can$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: can$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: can
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: càng / chàng / chiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ⁵³/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵³/
* chàng/chiàng - vernacular - fierce, brave;
* càng - literary - incomplete, disabled.
* Middle Chinese: dzan
Rime :
| Character | 殘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨干切 |
| Baxter | dzan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zan/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlaːn/, /*zaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁa[n]/ |
| English | damage; hurt; cruel |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殘 | 殘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5978 | 5981 |
| Phonetic component | 戔 | 戔 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殘 | |
| Old Chinese | /*zlaːn/ | /*zaːns/ |
| Notes | | 徂由祖校改歹原從月 |

### Definitions

殘
* to damage; to destroy
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Shāng shàn zhě guó zhī cán yě, bì shàn zhě guó zhī chán yě, sù wúzuì zhě guó zhī zéi yě. [Pinyin]
    To harm good people is for the kingdom to be damaged; to block out good people is for the kingdom to be slandered; to bring claims against the innocent is for the kingdom to be despoiled.
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Xiǎo zhōng, dà zhōng zhī zéi yě; xiǎo lì, dà lì zhī cán yě. [Pinyin]
    A lesser loyalty despoils a greater loyalty; a lesser profit is the ruin of the greater good.
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Wáng yuē: “Ruò xìn yǒu dào, bù kě fá yě.” Duì yuē: “Dà zhī fá xiǎo, qiáng zhī fá ruò, yóu dà yú zhī tūn xiǎo yú yě, ruò hǔ zhī shí tún yě, wū yǒu qí bù dé lǐ?” Wénwáng xìngshī fá Xú, cán zhī. [Pinyin]
    The king said, "If they are trustworthy, they have the Way. They cannot be attacked." They answered, "The great attacking the small and the strong attacking the weak is like the big fish swallowing the smaller fish and the tiger eating the pig. How could that be unprincipled?" King Wén raised an army, attacked Xú, and destroyed it.
* to kill; to injure
* severe; cruel; brutal
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Shànrén wéi bāng bǎinián, yì kěyǐ shèng cán qù shā yǐ. [Pinyin]
    If a good person governs a country for a hundred years, he will be able to prevail over the brutal [people] and eliminate [the need for] capital punishments.
    From: Lu Jia, Xinyu (A New Discourse), c. 197 BCE
    Gù jūn zhī yù xià, mín shēchǐ zhě, zé yìng zhī yǐ jiǎn; jiāoyín zhě, zé tǒng zhī yǐ lǐ; wèi yǒu shàng rén ér xià cán, shàng yì ér xià zhēng zhě yě. [Pinyin]
    Thus, the ruler's mastery of his subjects [is like this]: if the people are extravagant, then answer them with thriftiness, and if the people are lascivious, then lead them with principle. There has never been a benevolent ruler with brutal subjects, nor a righteous ruler with quarrelsome subjects.
* to fade away; to wither; to erode; to deteriorate
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Kuàikuài ér wáng zhě, nù yě, cháchá ér cán zhě, zhì yě. [Pinyin]
    If someone is prompt to act but finds ruin, it is [out of] anger. If someone is meticulous but faces deterioration, it is [out of] stubbornness.
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Shēngsè zhě, yín yě; tānjiān zhě, huò yě, fú yín huò zhī guó, bù wáng bì cán. [Pinyin]
    [To lust for] music and women is being degenerate, and to crave for illicit sex is being deluded. As for a kingdom that is degenerate and deluded, if it is not destroyed, it will surely [at least] be eroded.
* incomplete; fragmentary
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Xīzhě Guǎnzǐ shuō Xiānggōng, Xiānggōng bù yuè, shì bù biàn yě; yù lì gōngzǐ Jiū ér bù néng, shì wúnéng yě; jiā cán yú qí ér wú yōusè, shì bù cí yě. [Pinyin]
    Master Guǎn once spoke to Duke Xiāng, and Duke Xiāng was not pleased; this was being a poor rhetorician. He wanted to crown the duke's son Jiū but could not; this was incompetence. His family was not properly ordered and there was no worried look on his face; this was a lack of fatherly love.
* remaining; leftover; to be left, to remain
    殘冬／残冬 ― cándōng ― end of winter
* (Southern Min) trace of saliva (on an object)
* (Cantonese) old-looking; dilapidated
* (Southern Sixian Hakka) naughty; mischievous

#### Synonyms

* (cruel):
* 兇惡 / 凶恶 (xiōng'è)
* 兇殘 / 凶残 (xiōngcán)
* 兇狠 / 凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
* 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
* 兇險 / 凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
* 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
* 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
* 嚴酷 / 严酷 (yánkù)
* 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
* 忍 (rěn) (literary)
* 惡勢 / 恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 惡毒 / 恶毒 (èdú)
* 惡狠狠 / 恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
* 慘 / 惨 (cǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 暴力 (bàolì)
* 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
* 暴虐 (bàonüè)
* 暴躁 (bàozào)
* 橫逆 / 横逆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 殘忍 / 残忍 (cánrěn)
* 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
* 殘酷 / 残酷 (cánkù)
* 毒辣 (dúlà)
* 烏心 / 乌心 (Min Nan)
* 狠心 (hěnxīn)
* 狠毒 (hěndú)
* 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
* 猙獰 / 狰狞 (zhēngníng)
* 粗殘 / 粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 辣 (là)
* 酷烈 (kùliè)
* 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)
* 陰功 / 阴功 (jam$^1$ gung$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 險惡 / 险恶 (xiǎn'è)
* 黑心 (hēixīn)
* (naughty):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頑皮, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 皮, 淘氣, 淘, 猴, 猴兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 皮, 調皮, 頑皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 調皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頑皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 皮, 淘, 猴兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 費 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 調皮, 皮, 淘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 費勁 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 匪, 淘氣, 俏皮, 皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 皮臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 淘氣, 費, 千方兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 神, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跳皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跳皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 調皮, 皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 犯厭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 調皮, 皮, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 星君, 扭計, 扭紋, 壞, 煞氣, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 壞, 星君, 犯神 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 懆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 曳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 壞, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 百厭, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 壞賞, 壞, 曳, 搞家, 譑蠻, 飛耍, 惡教, 匪類, 扭紋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 壞賞, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 壞鬼 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 曳, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 百厭, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 跳皮, 蠻皮 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 跳皮, 百厭, 牛骨, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 韌皮, 百厭, 百跳 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頑, 牛骨 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 跳皮, 勿乖 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 扭計, 曳, 百厭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠻皮, 蠻, 番綻, 綻頭, 綻皮, 綻, 懆, 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蠻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 調皮, 綻頭, 懆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 賤 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Changting | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 綻 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 浪綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 綻, 孽 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 綻, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 番綻, 蠻皮, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 殘, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 蓋牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 番綻, 蠻綻, 綻, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 番綻, 綻頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 番綻, 綻頭, 綻剁頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 狡怪, 番, 賤頭, 牛, 牛頭, 牛獗, 賤, 真牛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 跳皮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 頑皮 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 調皮 |
| Jin | Handan | 費 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刁皮, 韌皮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刁皮, 楞蟶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 調皮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 刁皮, 跳限, 跳塌, 賤, 歹死, 揲, 揲篤, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 賤, 歹死, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 賤, 歹, 歹死, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 作孽, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 孽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 孽, 怪孽, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 孽, 孽死, 孽潲, 賤, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹死, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 調皮, 惡蠻, 蠻 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 燦頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 野, 野死, 好耍, 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 跳皮 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 跳皮 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頑皮, 跳皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頑皮, 皮, 賴皮, 搨皮, 淘氣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厭, 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 皮, 調皮, 厭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 厭, 皮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 調皮, 皮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厭, 調皮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 調皮, 皮, 皮蚩, 蠻, 惡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 調皮, 皮, 皮面 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跳皮, 跳夾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跳皮, 頑皮 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 頑皮 |

### Compounds

* 保殘守缺 / 保残守缺
* 傷殘 / 伤残 (shāngcán)
* 傷殘人 / 伤残人
* 僧殘 / 僧残
* 凋殘 / 凋残 (diāocán)
* 凶殘 (xiōngcán)
* 剝落斑殘 / 剥落斑残
* 剩水殘山 / 剩水残山 (shèng shuǐ cán shān)
* 剩魄殘魂 / 剩魄残魂
* 勝殘去殺 / 胜残去杀 (shèngcánqùshā)
* 去殺勝殘 / 去杀胜残
* 叢殘 / 丛残
* 叢殘小語 / 丛残小语
* 同類相殘 / 同类相残
* 天殘 / 天残
* 彫殘 / 雕残
* 抱殘守缺 / 抱残守缺 (bàocánshǒuquē)
* 捐殘去殺 / 捐残去杀
* 摧殘 / 摧残 (cuīcán)
* 故自傷殘 / 故自伤残
* 敗將殘兵 / 败将残兵
* 敗柳殘花 / 败柳残花
* 敗殘 / 败残 (bàicán)
* 斷垣殘壁 / 断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì)
* 斷壁殘垣 / 断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán)
* 斷幅殘紙 / 断幅残纸
* 斷簡殘篇 / 断简残篇
* 斷簡殘編 / 断简残编
* 斷編殘簡 / 断编残简 (duànbiāncánjiǎn)
* 斷雨殘雲 / 断雨残云
* 暮景殘光 / 暮景残光
* 曉風殘月 / 晓风残月
* 月缺花殘 / 月缺花残
* 殘兵敗將 / 残兵败将 (cánbīngbàijiàng)
* 殘冬 / 残冬 (cándōng)
* 殘冬臘月 / 残冬腊月
* 殘匪 / 残匪 (cánfěi)
* 殘卷 / 残卷 (cánjuàn)
* 殘品 / 残品 (cánpǐn)
* 殘喘 / 残喘 (cánchuǎn)
* 殘垣敗壁 / 残垣败壁
* 殘夏 / 残夏
* 殘存 / 残存 (cáncún)
* 殘害 / 残害 (cánhài)
* 殘局 / 残局 (cánjú)
* 殘山剩水 / 残山剩水
* 殘席 / 残席
* 殘年 / 残年 (cánnián)
* 殘廁 / 残厕
* 殘廢 / 残废 (cánfèi)
* 殘忍 / 残忍 (cánrěn)
* 殘敗 / 残败 (cánbài)
* 殘春 / 残春
* 殘暑 / 残暑 (cánshǔ)
* 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
* 殘暴不仁 / 残暴不仁 (cánbàobùrén)
* 殘月 / 残月 (cányuè)
* 殘本 / 残本 (cánběn)
* 殘杯冷炙 / 残杯冷炙 (cánbēilěngzhì)
* 殘棋 / 残棋 (cánqí)
* 殘槃冷炙 / 残槃冷炙
* 殘步 / 残步
* 殘殺 / 残杀 (cánshā)
* 殘毒 / 残毒 (cándú)
* 殘民以逞 / 残民以逞 (cánmínyǐchěng)
* 殘民害物 / 残民害物
* 殘渣 / 残渣 (cánzhā)
* 殘湯剩飯 / 残汤剩饭
* 殘渣餘孽 / 残渣余孽 (cánzhāyúniè)
* 殘照 / 残照 (cánzhào)
* 殘燈末廟 / 残灯末庙
* 殘生 / 残生 (cánshēng)
* 殘留 / 残留 (cánliú)
* 殘疾 / 残疾 (cánjí)
* 殘破 / 残破 (cánpò)
* 殘秋 / 残秋
* 殘篇斷簡 / 残篇断简 (cánpiānduànjiǎn)
* 殘紅 / 残红 (cánhóng)
* 殘編 / 残编
* 殘編斷簡 / 残编断简 (cánbiānduànjiǎn)
* 殘缺 / 残缺 (cánquē)
* 殘缺不全 / 残缺不全 (cánquēbùquán)
* 殘羹 / 残羹
* 殘羹冷炙 / 残羹冷炙
* 殘羹冷飯 / 残羹冷饭
* 殘羹剩飯 / 残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
* 殘而不廢 / 残而不废 (cán'érbùfèi)
* 殘膏賸馥 / 残膏剩馥
* 殘花敗柳 / 残花败柳 (cánhuābàiliǔ)
* 殘茶剩飯 / 残茶剩饭 (cáncháshèngfàn)
* 殘虐 / 残虐 (cánnüè)
* 殘貨 / 残货 (cánhuò)
* 殘賊 / 残贼 (cánzéi)
* 殘賢害善 / 残贤害善
* 殘軍敗將 / 残军败将
* 殘酒 / 残酒 (cánjiǔ)
* 殘酷 / 残酷 (cánkù)
* 殘陽 / 残阳 (cányáng)
* 殘障 / 残障 (cánzhàng)
* 殘章斷簡 / 残章断简
* 殘頭落腳 / 残头落脚
* 殘餘 / 残余 (cányú)
* 殘骸 / 残骸 (cánhái)
* 殘體 / 残体 (cántǐ)
* 潑殘生 / 泼残生
* 玉碎香殘 / 玉碎香残
* 珠殘玉碎 / 珠残玉碎
* 粉淡香殘 / 粉淡香残
* 老弱殘兵 / 老弱残兵
* 老殘 / 老残
* 老殘遊記 / 老残游记
* 肢體殘障 / 肢体残障
* 腦殘 / 脑残 (nǎocán)
* 臘盡冬殘 / 腊尽冬残
* 自相殘害 / 自相残害 (zìxiāngcánhài)
* 自相殘殺 / 自相残杀 (zìxiāngcánshā)
* 花殘月缺 / 花残月缺
* 苟延殘喘 / 苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)
* 苟延殘息 / 苟延残息
* 苟留殘喘 / 苟留残喘
* 補殘守缺 / 补残守缺
* 貪殘 / 贪残
* 貪殘酷烈 / 贪残酷烈
* 重殘 / 重残
* 除殘去穢 / 除残去秽
* 風中殘燭 / 风中残烛
* 風捲殘雲 / 风卷残云
* 風燭殘年 / 风烛残年 (fēngzhúcánnián)
* 骨肉相殘 / 骨肉相残

### References

* “殘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “残”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 22.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 残 |
| Kyūjitai | 殘 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 残)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざん (zan)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: のこる (nokoru, 殘る)、のこす (nokosu, 殘す)、そこなう (sokonau, 殘う)、ひどい (hidoi)、むごい (mugoi)

## Korean
### Hanja

殘 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殘: Hán Nôm readings: tàn
* 殘疾 tàn tật
* 殘杯 tàn bôi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999