# хаме
## Old Novgorodian
### Etymology

First attested in c. 1320‒1340. Borrowed from Bulgar *xamï < *xamɣï < *xamġï (“patterned fabric”), from Old Turkic *qamqï, perhaps via Classical Persian کمخا (kamxâ, kemxâ, “damask silk”), ultimately from Middle Chinese 錦花 (kˠiɪmX-hˠua, “brocade-pattern”), from 金花 (kˠiɪm-hˠua, “golden flower”). Since the 9th century, the expression “golden flower” has undergone a series of semantic changes and has come to denote varieties of patterned fabrics that had “golden flowers” as a pattern on the material. The word was borrowed from southern Chinese dialects by Arabic and Persian traders and indirectly by various languages ​​along the Silk Road. In Cantonese, the first part of the compound word sounded like 錦 / 锦 (kam), in this form it could be borrowed by traders from other countries, including the ancient Turks.
From Old Turkic come cognates such as Khakas kamġï, Tatar камка (qamka), Kyrgyz камка (kamka), Kazakh қамқа (qamqa), Bashkir ҡамҡа (qamqa), and also borrowed Old East Slavic камка (kamka, “silk patterned fabric”) first attested in 1408, 1472 and 1486, Old Ruthenian камка́ (kamká), Russian камка́ (kamká), Ukrainian камка́ (kamká) and Old Polish, Middle Polish kamcha (“name of the expensive material, damask”) in the 15th‒17th centuries. From Persian comes Ottoman Turkish كمخا (kemha, kimha), Turkish kemha, Crimean Tatar кимха (kimha), Greek καμουχάς (kamouchás) and Russian ка́нфа (kánfa), ка́нхва (kánxva).

### Noun

хаме • (xame) m
* (hapax) canvas, cloth
    Synonyms: полотьно (polotĭno), трькъвище (trĭkŭviśće)
** c. 1320‒1340, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 288 [Birchbark letter no. 288]‎, Novgorod:… хамоу ·г· лок[ти] … ꙁолотнике ꙁелоного шолкоу дроугии церленого · третии ꙁелоного жолтого ꙁолотнъ бѣлилъ на бѣлкоу мꙑла · на бѣлкоу боургалскога · а на дроугоую бѣлкоу …… xamu ·g· lok[ti] … zolotnike zelonogo šolku drugii ćerlenogo · tretii zelonogo žoltogo zolotnŭ bělilŭ na bělku myla · na bělku burgalskoga · a na druguju bělku …… canvas 3 cubits (…) A zolotnik of green silk, another (zolotnik) of red (silk), a third (zolotnik) of green-yellow (silk) (…)

#### Derived terms

* хамьць m (xamĭćĭ)

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Middle Russian: хамъꙗнъ (xamʺjan, “silk fabric”) (1624)
* →⇒ Russian: хамо́вник (xamóvnik, “weaver, tablecloth maker”) (dialectal, archaic); хамо́вный (xamóvnyj) (archaic)
** ⇒ Russian: Хамо́вники (Xamóvniki, “Khamovniki, district of Moscow”)

### References

* ↑ Agyagási, Klára (2016) “On some oriental elements in Old Novgorodian and other Old Russian dialects”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 69, number 4, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt., →DOI, page 391‒396
* ↑ Agyagási, Klára (2018) “О двух бродячих словах восточного происхождения в древнерусском языке [About two wanderworts of oriental origin in Old East Slavic language]”, in Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 63, number 1, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt., →DOI, page 4‒6
* ↑ Anikin, A. E. (2000) “ка́мка”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков [Etymological dictionary of Russian dialects of Siberia. Loan-words from Uralic, Altaic and Paleoasiatic languages] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 249
* ↑ Vasmer, Max (1967) “камка́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2 (Е – Муж), Moscow: Progress, page 174
* ↑ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914) “камка́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 290
* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “камка́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 359
* ↑ Anikin, A. E. (2000) “канфа”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков [Etymological dictionary of Russian dialects of Siberia. Loan-words from Uralic, Altaic and Paleoasiatic languages] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 257
* ↑ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 814

### Further reading

* “хаме”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxamʲe]

### Noun

ха́ме • (xáme) m anim
* prepositional singular of хам (xam)