# sui generis
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin suī generis (literally “of its own kind/class”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /suˑ.i ˈɡɛnɛɹɪs/, /sʊɪ d͡ʒəˈnɛɹɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

sui generis (not comparable)
* (chiefly law) In a class of its own; one of a kind.
    Synonyms: one of a kind, unique, original
** 1821–1822, William Hazlitt, “Character of Cobbett”, in Table-Talk; or, Original Essays, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Warren; Henry Colburn and Co.:It is easy to describe second-rate talents, because they fall into a class and enlist under a standard; but first-rate powers defy calculation or comparison, and can be defined only by themselves. They are sui generis, and make the class to which they belong.
** 1828, John Pye Smith, Four Discourses on the Sacrifice and Priesthood of Jesus Christ: and on Atonement and Redemption, page 67:The transcendent case before us is absolutely sui generis.
** 1874, George P. Marsh, The Earth as Modified by Human Action‎:The eminent Italian geologist, Stoppani, goes further than I had ventured to do, and treats the action of man as a new physical element altogether sui generis.
** 1994, Frances and Joseph Gies, “The Technology of the Commercial Revolution”, in Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel, →ISBN, page 111:The system was neither free enterprise nor socialism; it was sui generis, one of the unique creations of the Middle Ages.
** 1995, J.L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words:We see him as he sees himself, surveying the invisible depths of ethical space, with all the distinction of a specialist in the sui generis.
** 2015 August 6, Leslie Felperin, “The Diary of a Teenage Girl review – a scaldingly honest coming-of-age comedy”, in The Guardian‎:Based on Phoebe Gloeckner’s remarkable, sui generis semi-autobiographical graphic novel, […]
** 2018, Shoshana Zuboff, chapter 11, in The Age of Surveillance Capitalism:The basic operational mechanisms and business practices were so new and strange, so utterly sui generis, that all we could see was a gaggle of “innovative” horseless carriages.
** 2024 January 1, Dwight Garner, “Want to Feel, Intellectually, Like Someone Is Rotating Your Tires?”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Hitchens was sui generis. He made most other book reviewers, to borrow Dorothy Parker’s words about the drama critic George Jean Nathan, “look as if they spelled out their reviews with alphabet blocks.”

#### Translations
### Adverb

sui generis (not comparable)
* (rare) By itself; of its own. (Can we verify this sense?)
    Synonym: per se
** 2003, Canada. Parliament. Senate. Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology, Délibérations Du Comité Sénatorial Permanent Des Affaires Sociales, Des Sciences Et de la Technologie:They came up with a program that the federal Minister of Agriculture and his provincial colleagues agreed was a good and appropriate approach to handling that particular problem. They did it sui generis.
** 2014 August 7, Jonas Ebbesson, Marie Jacobsson, Mark Adam Klamberg, David Langlet, Pål Wrange, International Law and Changing Perceptions of Security: Liber Amicorum Said Mahmoudi, Hotei Publishing, →ISBN, page 5:Another possibility is that the council acted sui generis and expressed a one-off view on the facts with no precedential significance.
** 2015 December 31, Llewellyn Howes, Judging Q and saving Jesus - Q’s contribution to the wisdom-apocalypticism debate in historical Jesus studies., AOSIS, →ISBN, page 62:The refutation of Kleinliteratur conceptions enabled Kloppenborg to do away with the idea that Q was created sui generis, which, in turn, enabled him to compare Q with other ancient literature (Kirk 1998:35–36, 64).

#### Translations
### Noun

sui generis (plural (rare) sui genera)
* (chiefly law) Something of its own kind; a thing apart.
** 2013 June 29, Bimal K. Matilal, A. Chakrabarti, Knowing from Words: Western and Indian Philosophical Analysis of Understanding and Testimony, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 100:It is word-generated knowledge or knowledge by testimony ( K. T. for short ) – a sui generis.
** 2020 May 21, Michael R Licona, The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach, Inter-Varsity Press, →ISBN:Prior to the 1990s a large segment of New Testament scholarship maintained that the Gospels represent a sui generis, that is, a genre unique to them. This sui generis was viewed as a type of mythology.
** 2021 October 5, Sze Ping-fat, Carrier's Liability under the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, BRILL, →ISBN, page 124:Insofar as none of these approaches has ever been formally overruled by the highest Court of the land, the law of deviation remains an area of controversy and is practically treated as a sui generis - that is, as a law quite distinct from the general law of contract.

### References

* “sui generis”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin suī generis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzuː.i ˈɡeːnəʁɪs/, /ˈzʊɪ̯-/, /-ˈɡɛnəʁɪs/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

sui generis
* (sciences, law, higher register, postpositive) sui generis (forming a class of its own)
    Synonym: eigener Art
** 2017 November 19, Michael Brake, “Vom Glück, für sich alleine zu kochen: Me, myself and Ei”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN:Ausgerechnet wir Deutschen, Stellvertreter der Effizienznation sui generis, suchen die Langsamkeit.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2020 December 9, Konrad Litschko, “Innenministerkonferenz zu Querdenkern: Neue Härte”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN:Eine Abgrenzung zu diesen finde kaum statt, deren Aussagen würden „verleugnet oder als unproblematisch“ bewertet. Durch die Vermischung verschiedener Ideologien könne ein neuer Extremismus „sui generis“ entstehen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “sui generis” in Duden online
* “sui generis” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin suī generis (literally “of one's own type”).

### Adjective

sui generis (invariable)
* sui generis

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin suī generis (literally “of its (own) kind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌswi ˈxeneɾis/ [ˌswi ˈxe.ne.ɾis]
* Syllabification: sui ge‧ne‧ris

### Adjective

sui generis (invariable)
* sui generis