# jumbo
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌmbəʊ/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌmboʊ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ
* Hyphenation: jum‧bo

### Etymology 1

From Jumbo (1860–1885), the name given to a large African elephant from East Africa that was purchased in 1882 by American showman P. T. Barnum (1810–1891) for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Compare Swahili jambo (“matter, thing”) and jumbe (“chief, headman”).

#### Adjective

jumbo (not comparable)
* Especially large or powerful.
** 1919 May, Peanut Promoter, volume 2, number 6, Chicago, Ill.: Lightner Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 102, column 2:At Bucyrus, Ohio, M. C. Coulter this season has demonstrated that he can grow a nice crop of the jumbo variety of peanuts.
** 1941 September, Harold J[ohnson] Clay, “Secondary Distribution”, in Marketing Peanuts and Peanut Products (Miscellaneous Publication; no. 416), Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 58:Of the receipts of unshelled peanuts only a few extras are now being bought, the remainder being divided rather equally between jumbo and fancy grades.
** 1989 May, Nino Lo Bello, “Jumbo the Great Saves a Friend”, in William B. McMorris, editor, Boys’ Life, Irving, Tx.: Boy Scouts of America, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, columns 2–3:Not only did Jumbo-mania make [Phineas Taylor] Barnum a jumbo profit, but the word "jumbo" entered the English language.
** 1993 July, Gerald Bard Tjoflat, “More Judges, Less Justice: The Case against Expansion of the Federal Judiciary”, in ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, volume 79, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC:As the number of judges on an appellate court increases, the court evolves into what I call a "jumbo court." First, the dynamics of a jumbo court are such that, as the court grows larger, the productivity of individual judges on the court declines.
** 2015, Zafar Gilani, Abdul Salam, Salman Ul Haq, “Diagnosis and Performance Monitoring”, in Deploying and Managing a Cloud Infrastructure: Real World Skills for the CompTIA Cloud+™ Certification and Beyond, Indianapolis, Ind.: Sybex, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, pages 134–135:As the name suggests, jumbo frames are frames with a larger size compared to the standard MTU [maximum transmission unit]. Sending data in jumbo frames means there are fewer frames sent through the network, resulting in fewer IRQs [interrupt requests] at the receiving end. This obviously generates big improvements in terms of bandwidth and CPU [central processing unit] cycles.

##### Derived terms

* jumbo daikon
* jumbo frame
* jumboisation, jumboization
* jumboise, jumboize
* jumbo jet
* jumbo mortgage
* jumbo slice
* jumbotron
* superjumbo

##### Translations
#### Noun

jumbo (countable and uncountable, plural jumbos)
* An especially large or powerful person, animal, or thing.
** [1894 December 12, “Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Horticultural Society, Held at McCoy Post Hall, Columbus, Ohio, Wednesday, December 12th, 1894”, in Forty-ninth Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture […], for the Year 1894. […], volume 49, Columbus, Oh.: J. L. Trauger, state printer, published 1895, →OCLC, page 71:I purchased a vine, and was rather impressed with the appearance of the grape; so I took the time to go down to see the vine, the Jumbo [a cultivar of muscadine, Vitis rotundifolia], and I saw a very large vine, trained on an arbor, perhaps covering a space of fifteen to twenty feet square, with the clusters hanging down through the lattice work; […]]
** 2002, Appita Journal: Journal of the Technical Association of the Australian and New Zealand Pulp and Paper Industry, volume 55, Parkville, Vic.: Technical Association of the Australian and New Zealand Pulp and Paper Industry, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 65, column 3:It is important to realise that slabbing may occur at any stage of the processing of a jumbo [large roll of paper from which smaller rolls are cut]. Typically slabbing becomes necessary when the reel being wound up has reached its required length and the jumbo has only a small contiguous length left on the spindle.
* (Kenya) An elephant.
* (engineering) A platform-mounted machine for drilling rock.
    Synonym: drilling jumbo
** 1942 January, H. E. Robinson, “Tucumcari Tunnel Construction”, in The Reclamation Era, volume 32, number 1, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Reclamation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 3:In all three tunnels the full face was drilled at once. […] [T]he mucking machine was immediately converted into a drilling jumbo upon completion of the mucking operation. Both jumbos carried all the posts and bars necessary for the mounting in any desired position of four automatic DA-30 drifters.
** 1946, Mine and Quarry Engineering, London: Electrical Press, →OCLC, page 67:The curtailment of drilling because of a disruption of the loading cycle is far less likely with the jumbo than with post and tripod drilling, because from three to five working places are available to the jumbo, whereas only one or, at the most, two faces can be worked by one crew with the old method.
* (British English) A large airplane, such as those used for intercontinental travel.
** 1979, Breakfast in America, w:Supertramp:Take a jumbo ’cross the water (Like to see America)
* (Western Pennsylvania) Synonym of bologna (“type of meat”)
* A wide roll of machine-trimmed paper, ready to be cut into smaller widths.
** 1979, Paper Trade Journal (volume 163, issues 13-24, page 74)
    In the unwind area, one system loads and unloads the unwind stand almost simultaneously. The jumbo is stored ahead of the unwind on level rails.

##### See also

* Jumbomania

### Etymology 2

From (mumbo) jumbo.

#### Noun

jumbo (plural jumbos)
* (paganism, historical) Short for mumbo jumbo (“a deity or other supernatural being worshipped by certain West African peoples; an idol representing such a being”).
** 1806, William Young, “A Tour through the Several Islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Antigua, Tobago, and Grenada, in the Years 1791 & 1792”, in Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies. […] In Four Volumes, volume IV, Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed and sold by James Humphreys, […], →OCLC, page 257:Returning to the villa, we were greeted by a party which frightened the boys. It was the Moco Jumbo and his suite. The Jumbo was on stilts, with a head, mounted on the actor's head, which was concealed: the music was from two baskets, like strawberry baskets, with little bells within, shook in time. The swordsman danced with an air of menace, the musician was comical, and Jumbo assumed the "antic terrible," and was very active on his stilts.
** 1845 April, “Delta” [pseudonym], “Krooman versus Boobie. A Scene at Fernando Po.”, in P. L. Simmonds, editor, Simmond’s Colonial Magazine and Foreign Miscellany, volume IV, number 16, London: Simmonds & Ward, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 487–488:[A]nother Krooman came hurrying up, holding out a wooden image with a few bits of grass round its neck, and exclaiming, "Wurra! Wurra! Jumbo hang in fetische-house, sure he make much finish die." […] Jumbo was an uncouthly-carved figure of a man, about a foot in height, sitting cross-legged like a tailor, with ears preposterously large, the Kroo mark down the forehead and nose, and a piece of looking-glass fixed in the thorax and abdomen.

### Further reading

* drilling jumbo on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Jumbo (elephant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* jumbo (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjumbo/, [ˈjumbo̞]
* Rhymes: -umbo
* Hyphenation: jum‧bo

### Etymology 1

After the circus elephant of the same name, as elephants are considered slow. A similar expression is found in Swedish jumbo. For the origin of the name, see English jumbo.

#### Noun

jumbo (informal)
* last, last one, especially in a competition
    Hän jäi kilpailussa jumboksi.He came last in the competition.
    Olin jumbo.I was the last one.

##### Declension

Possessive forms of jumbo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumboni
jumboni
accusative
nom.
jumboni
jumboni
gen.
jumboni
genitive
jumboni
jumbojeni
partitive
jumboani
jumbojani
inessive
jumbossani
jumboissani
elative
jumbostani
jumboistani
illative
jumbooni
jumboihini
adessive
jumbollani
jumboillani
ablative
jumboltani
jumboiltani
allative
jumbolleni
jumboilleni
essive
jumbonani
jumboinani
translative
jumbokseni
jumboikseni
abessive
jumbottani
jumboittani
instructive
comitative
—jumboineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbosi
jumbosi
accusative
nom.
jumbosi
jumbosi
gen.
jumbosi
genitive
jumbosi
jumbojesi
partitive
jumboasi
jumbojasi
inessive
jumbossasi
jumboissasi
elative
jumbostasi
jumboistasi
illative
jumboosi
jumboihisi
adessive
jumbollasi
jumboillasi
ablative
jumboltasi
jumboiltasi
allative
jumbollesi
jumboillesi
essive
jumbonasi
jumboinasi
translative
jumboksesi
jumboiksesi
abessive
jumbottasi
jumboittasi
instructive
comitative
—jumboinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbomme
jumbomme
accusative
nom.
jumbomme
jumbomme
gen.
jumbomme
genitive
jumbomme
jumbojemme
partitive
jumboamme
jumbojamme
inessive
jumbossamme
jumboissamme
elative
jumbostamme
jumboistamme
illative
jumboomme
jumboihimme
adessive
jumbollamme
jumboillamme
ablative
jumboltamme
jumboiltamme
allative
jumbollemme
jumboillemme
essive
jumbonamme
jumboinamme
translative
jumboksemme
jumboiksemme
abessive
jumbottamme
jumboittamme
instructive
comitative
—jumboinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbonne
jumbonne
accusative
nom.
jumbonne
jumbonne
gen.
jumbonne
genitive
jumbonne
jumbojenne
partitive
jumboanne
jumbojanne
inessive
jumbossanne
jumboissanne
elative
jumbostanne
jumboistanne
illative
jumboonne
jumboihinne
adessive
jumbollanne
jumboillanne
ablative
jumboltanne
jumboiltanne
allative
jumbollenne
jumboillenne
essive
jumbonanne
jumboinanne
translative
jumboksenne
jumboiksenne
abessive
jumbottanne
jumboittanne
instructive
comitative
—jumboinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbonsa
jumbonsa
accusative
nom.
jumbonsa
jumbonsa
gen.
jumbonsa
genitive
jumbonsa
jumbojensa
partitive
jumboaan jumboansa
jumbojaan jumbojansa
inessive
jumbossaan jumbossansa
jumboissaan jumboissansa
elative
jumbostaan jumbostansa
jumboistaan jumboistansa
illative
jumboonsa
jumboihinsa
adessive
jumbollaan jumbollansa
jumboillaan jumboillansa
ablative
jumboltaan jumboltansa
jumboiltaan jumboiltansa
allative
jumbolleen jumbollensa
jumboilleen jumboillensa
essive
jumbonaan jumbonansa
jumboinaan jumboinansa
translative
jumbokseen jumboksensa
jumboikseen jumboiksensa
abessive
jumbottaan jumbottansa
jumboittaan jumboittansa
instructive
comitative
—jumboineen jumboinensa :

##### Synonyms

* viimeinen (adjective)

##### Derived terms

* jumbofinaali
* jumbosija

### Etymology 2

Semantic loan from English jumbo, from the same origin as above.

#### Noun

jumbo
* jumbo jet
    Synonym: jumbojetti
* Ellipsis of porausjumbo (drilling jumbo).
* (as modifier) very large
    jumbokoko ― jumbo size

##### Declension

Possessive forms of jumbo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumboni
jumboni
accusative
nom.
jumboni
jumboni
gen.
jumboni
genitive
jumboni
jumbojeni
partitive
jumboani
jumbojani
inessive
jumbossani
jumboissani
elative
jumbostani
jumboistani
illative
jumbooni
jumboihini
adessive
jumbollani
jumboillani
ablative
jumboltani
jumboiltani
allative
jumbolleni
jumboilleni
essive
jumbonani
jumboinani
translative
jumbokseni
jumboikseni
abessive
jumbottani
jumboittani
instructive
comitative
—jumboineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbosi
jumbosi
accusative
nom.
jumbosi
jumbosi
gen.
jumbosi
genitive
jumbosi
jumbojesi
partitive
jumboasi
jumbojasi
inessive
jumbossasi
jumboissasi
elative
jumbostasi
jumboistasi
illative
jumboosi
jumboihisi
adessive
jumbollasi
jumboillasi
ablative
jumboltasi
jumboiltasi
allative
jumbollesi
jumboillesi
essive
jumbonasi
jumboinasi
translative
jumboksesi
jumboiksesi
abessive
jumbottasi
jumboittasi
instructive
comitative
—jumboinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbomme
jumbomme
accusative
nom.
jumbomme
jumbomme
gen.
jumbomme
genitive
jumbomme
jumbojemme
partitive
jumboamme
jumbojamme
inessive
jumbossamme
jumboissamme
elative
jumbostamme
jumboistamme
illative
jumboomme
jumboihimme
adessive
jumbollamme
jumboillamme
ablative
jumboltamme
jumboiltamme
allative
jumbollemme
jumboillemme
essive
jumbonamme
jumboinamme
translative
jumboksemme
jumboiksemme
abessive
jumbottamme
jumboittamme
instructive
comitative
—jumboinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbonne
jumbonne
accusative
nom.
jumbonne
jumbonne
gen.
jumbonne
genitive
jumbonne
jumbojenne
partitive
jumboanne
jumbojanne
inessive
jumbossanne
jumboissanne
elative
jumbostanne
jumboistanne
illative
jumboonne
jumboihinne
adessive
jumbollanne
jumboillanne
ablative
jumboltanne
jumboiltanne
allative
jumbollenne
jumboillenne
essive
jumbonanne
jumboinanne
translative
jumboksenne
jumboiksenne
abessive
jumbottanne
jumboittanne
instructive
comitative
—jumboinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
jumbonsa
jumbonsa
accusative
nom.
jumbonsa
jumbonsa
gen.
jumbonsa
genitive
jumbonsa
jumbojensa
partitive
jumboaan jumboansa
jumbojaan jumbojansa
inessive
jumbossaan jumbossansa
jumboissaan jumboissansa
elative
jumbostaan jumbostansa
jumboistaan jumboistansa
illative
jumboonsa
jumboihinsa
adessive
jumbollaan jumbollansa
jumboillaan jumboillansa
ablative
jumboltaan jumboltansa
jumboiltaan jumboiltansa
allative
jumbolleen jumbollensa
jumboilleen jumboillensa
essive
jumbonaan jumbonansa
jumboinaan jumboinansa
translative
jumbokseen jumboksensa
jumboikseen jumboiksensa
abessive
jumbottaan jumbottansa
jumboittaan jumboittansa
instructive
comitative
—jumboineen jumboinensa :

##### Derived terms

* jumbojetti
* jumbokoko
* jumbokokoinen

### Further reading

* “jumbo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2024-01-01

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From English jumbo ("An especially large or powerful person, animal or thing").

### Noun

jumbo m (definite singular jumboen, indefinite plural jumboer, definite plural jumboene)
* a person or team that finishes last (in competitions)
    Bli jumbo ― Come last

#### Derived terms

* jumboplass

### References

* “jumbo” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “jumbo” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From English jumbo ("An especially large or powerful person, animal or thing").

### Noun

jumbo m (definite singular jumboen, indefinite plural jumboar, definite plural jumboane)
* a person or team that finishes last (in competitions)

#### Derived terms

* jumboplass

### References

* “jumbo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.