# 毋

| 毋 | U+6BCB, &#27595; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BCB |
| ← 毊 [U+6BCA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 毌 → [U+6BCC] |
| ⽏ | U+2F4F, &#12111; KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT |
| ← ⽎ [U+2F4E] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽐ → [U+2F50] |

## Translingual
### Han character

毋 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 田十 (WJ), four-corner 7750$_0$, composition ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌𠂇(GHTV) or ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌十(JK))
* Kangxi radical #80, ⽏.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/毋
* 𥁉, 𣏭, 𩬍, 𦰓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 588, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16721
* Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2380, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6BCB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 毋 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
| 海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
| 毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
| 呣 | *mɯ |
| 拇 | *mɯʔ |
| 母 | *mɯʔ |
| 胟 | *mɯʔ |
| 姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
| 畮 | *mɯʔ |
| 踇 | *mɯʔ |
| 苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
| 莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
| 鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 毋 | *ma |
| 梅 | *mɯː |
| 酶 | *mɯː |
| 鋂 | *mɯː |
| 每 | *mɯːʔ |
| 毎 | *mɯːs |
| 痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
| 晦 | *hmɯːs |
| 誨 | *hmɯːs |
| 悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
| 霉 | *mrɯl |
In the oracle bone script, 母 (“mother”) was borrowed to represent this character. It was later specialized to distinguish it from “mother”, replacing the two dots with one stroke.

### Etymology

Cognate with 無 (OC *ma, “to not have”). Already in Zhou time, phonetically confused with and read like 無 (OC *ma).
Cognate with 唔 in Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wú (wu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mù / m̀
    (Hailu, HRS): mu / m
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vu$^2$ / m$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bû / m̄
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bho$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wú
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wú
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$
*** Yale: wú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù / m̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: mu$^ˇ$ / m$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mu$^2$ / m$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/, /m¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mu / m
*** Sinological IPA: /mu⁵⁵/, /m⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vu$^2$ / m$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋu¹¹/, /m̩¹¹/
* Sixian:
** mù - literary;
** m̀ - vernacular.
* Hailu:
** mu - literary;
** m - vernacular.
* Meixian:
** vu2 - literary;
** m2 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: mju
Rime :
| Character | 毋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 |
| Baxter | mju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 毋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › |
| Old Chinese | /*mo/ |
| English | don"t |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 毋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9301 |
| Phonetic component | 母 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ |
| Notes | 母轉註字 |

### Definitions

毋
* (literary) do not, don't
    From: 朱子家訓 (The Familial Rules of Zhuzi)
    Yí wèi yǔ ér chóumóu, wú lín kě ér jué jǐng. [Pinyin]
    It is proper to bind [the window] tightly when it is not yet raining. Do not dig a well when you are about to be thirsty. (I.e., one should prepare before it is too late. See 未雨綢繆／未雨绸缪 (wèiyǔchóumóu) and 臨渴掘井／临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng).)
* (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not
    我毋捌字。 [Hokkien] ― Góa m̄ pat-lī. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― I'm illiterate (literally: I don't know characters)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhào wáng wèi qín, yù wú xíng. [Pinyin]
    The King of Zhao feared the state of Qin, and thus wanted to not travel to Qin.
    From: 2018, 一九四五 1945 (Theme of Raid on Takao), 滅火器 ( Fire EX.)
    góa m̄-sī ióng-kám ê lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I am not a person of courage
* (literary) Alternative form of 無 / 无 (“to not have”)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Nenjiang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Mohe | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tailai | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiyan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Lanxi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Boli | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiayin | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Muling | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Dongning | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ning'an | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Linkou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Zhaozhou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Zhaodong | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Mishan | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shangzhi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongjiang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jingzhou (Shashi) | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Dingxing | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wudi | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan (Zhangqiu) | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Dezhou | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tai'an | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xintai | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Zichuan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Boshan | 不 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Yinan | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Laizhou | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weihai | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Rongcheng | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 不 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yishui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ningyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuncheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Hongtong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangluo | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luonan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Danfeng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangnan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shanyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhen'an | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pingli | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xunyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lueyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Mianxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yangxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Baqiao) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Yanliang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Lintong) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Chang'an) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Huyi) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an (Gaoling) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhouzhi | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lantian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xianyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xingping | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wugong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qianxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Liquan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jingyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sanyuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yongshou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Changwu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongchuan (Wangyi) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongchuan (Yaozhou) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yijun | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Weinan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Weinan (Huazhou) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Hancheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huayin | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tongguan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dali | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Heyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Chengcheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baishui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pucheng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuping | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huanglong | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yichuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huangling | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luochuan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji (Chencang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fengchang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qishan | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fufeng | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Meixian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Taibai | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fengxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qianyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Longxian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linyou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Suqian | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Bengbu | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Suzhou, Anhui | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Huaibei | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Guangde (Qiuzhuang) | 不 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling; Junhua) | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jiuquan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Shandan | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 不 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xindu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xinfan, Xindu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Huayang, Shuangliu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Pidu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Wenjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Shuangliu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xinjin) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jintang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dujiangyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dayi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pujiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qionglai | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jianyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiaojin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jinchuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Songpan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Maoxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lixian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wenchuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Deyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Deyang (Luojiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianzhu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shifang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanghan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhongjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Anyue | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lezhi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianyang (Anzhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zitong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangyou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangyou (Zhangming) | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingwu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Beichuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yanting | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Santai | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guangyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guangyuan (Zhaohua) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Cangxi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiange | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Meishan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Danling | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hongya | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qingshen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Renshou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhou (Naxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuyong | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gulin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hejiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yibin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yibin (Nanxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gaoxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changning | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gongxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingwen (Gusong) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingwen (Bowangshan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiang'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Junlian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Leshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiajiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Emeishan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ebian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qianwei | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mabian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Neijiang | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zizhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Weiyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Longchang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suining | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pengxi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shehong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guang'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yuechi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wusheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Linshui | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanbu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Langzhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yilong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Peng'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kaijiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wanyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuanhan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bazhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tongjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Fushun | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Rongxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Leibo | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Nanchuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Dazu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Rongchang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Yongchuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Bishan) | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Tongliang) | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Tongnan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Hechuan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Changshou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fuling) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Jiangjin) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wanzhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Shizhu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Kaizhou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Chengkou) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Dianjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Liangping) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fengdu) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Zhongxian) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Qianjiang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Pengshui) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Youyang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Xiushan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Yunyang) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wuxi) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Fengjie) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Wushan) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Jiangxia) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Caidian) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Xinzhou) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan (Huangpi) | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanchuan | 冇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suizhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Suixian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dangyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhijiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yidu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changyang | 不, 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigui | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wufeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Enshi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hefeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Badong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xuan'en | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Laifeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lichuan | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jianshi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xianfeng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Laohekou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Baokang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanzhang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zaoyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yicheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gucheng | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jiangling | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shishou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Gong'an | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Songzi | 沒有 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingmen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhongchang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jingshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiantao | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qianjiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shennongjia | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiyan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhuxi | 冒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhushan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yunxi | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yunyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Danjiangkou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Fangxian | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lhasa | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Baoshan, Yunnan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qujing | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wenshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pu'er | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lincang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 沒, 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 沒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhangjiajie | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Huitong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ganzhou | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ningshan | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Langao | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhenping | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong (Nanzheng) | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ningqiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuba | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chenggu | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Foping | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xixiang | 不 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhenba | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Pukou) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Luhe) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing (Lishui) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou (Jiangdu) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Gaoyou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yizheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taixing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou (Jiangyan) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jingjiang (Dongxing) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jurong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang (Haizhou) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guanyun | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guannan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huai'an District) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Hongze) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuyi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jinhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rudong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dongtai | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Binhai | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sheyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng (Dafeng) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jianhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xiangshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Shuyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Siyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Tongcheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zongyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chizhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Qingyang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Wanzhi) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Jinghu) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu (Fanchang) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuwei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hanshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hexian | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ma'anshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dangtu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuancheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Langxi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Feidong | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Feixi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chaohu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lujiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Changfeng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huainan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lu'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lu'an (Qingshuihe, Jin'an) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Shucheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huoshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lai'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Quanjiao | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Mingguang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Tianchang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ezhou (Echeng) | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huangshi | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Macheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Luotian | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yingshan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xishui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huangmei | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuxue | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Qichun | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xiaogan | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anlu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yingcheng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yunmeng | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Dawu | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Guangshui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhashui | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Jiujiang | 不 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Ruichang | 不 |
| Mandarin | Ningguo (Gangkou) | 不 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Yonghe) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang (Yangdong) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangdong (Yashao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yangxi | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Yangjiao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Gaozhou | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Zhanjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Cangwu (Liubao) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 冇 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 唔 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 冇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不 |
| Gan | Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 冒 |
| Gan | Anyi | 不 |
| Gan | Hukou | 不 |
| Gan | Lushan | 不 |
| Gan | Yongxiu | 不 |
| Gan | Xiushui | 不 |
| Gan | Pengze | 不 |
| Gan | Duchang | 不 |
| Gan | Wuning (Quankou) | 不 |
| Gan | Poyang | 不 |
| Gan | Yugan | 不 |
| Gan | Wannian | 冒 |
| Gan | Yiyang, Jiangxi | 不 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 莫 |
| Gan | Leping | 不 |
| Gan | Yichun | 冇 |
| Gan | Yifeng | 不 |
| Gan | Gao'an | 唔 |
| Gan | Fengxin | 不 |
| Gan | Shanggao | 唔 |
| Gan | Wanzai | 唔 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 不 |
| Gan | Xinyu | 不 |
| Gan | Fuzhou | 不 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 不, 唔 |
| Gan | Nancheng | 不 |
| Gan | Nanfeng | 不 |
| Gan | Yihuang | 不 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 不 |
| Gan | Chongren | 冒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冒 |
| Gan | Lianhua | 不, 唔 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 不 |
| Gan | Jishui (Luotian) | 不 |
| Gan | Yongfeng | 不 |
| Gan | Taihe | 唔 |
| Gan | Xiajiang | 冒 |
| Gan | Yongxin | 唔 |
| Gan | Yingtan (Yujiang) | 不 |
| Gan | Guixi | 沒 |
| Gan | Susong | 不 |
| Gan | Susong (Heta) | 不 |
| Gan | Wangjiang | 不 |
| Gan | Qianshan | 不 |
| Gan | Huaining | 不 |
| Gan | Dongzhi | 不 |
| Gan | Shitai | 不 |
| Gan | Yangxin | 不 |
| Gan | Daye | 不 |
| Gan | Xianning | 不 |
| Gan | Xianning (Maqiao) | 不 |
| Gan | Jiayu | 不 |
| Gan | Chongyang | 不 |
| Gan | Chibi | 冒 |
| Gan | Tongshan | 不 |
| Gan | Jianli | 不 |
| Gan | Yueyang | 不 |
| Gan | Pingjiang (Xijiang) | 不 |
| Gan | Liuyang | 不 |
| Gan | Liling (Baitutan) | 不 |
| Gan | Youxian | 不 |
| Gan | Chaling | 唔 |
| Gan | Leiyang | 唔 |
| Gan | Jianning | 唔 |
| Gan | Jinxian | 不 |
| Gan | Jinxi | 冒 |
| Gan | Le'an | 冒 |
| Gan | Guangchang | 冒 |
| Gan | Anfu | 冒 |
| Gan | Suichuan | 唔 |
| Gan | Wan'an | 唔 |
| Gan | Jing'an | 沒 |
| Gan | Zhangshu | 冒 |
| Gan | Xingan | 冒 |
| Gan | Fenyi | 冒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 唔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Changting | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 唔 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 唔, 不 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 唔 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 晤 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Nankang) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Quannan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Dingnan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Longnan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xunwu | 冒 |
| Hakka | Anyuan | 唔 |
| Hakka | Huichang | 冒 |
| Hakka | Chongyi | 唔 |
| Hakka | Xingguo | 莫 |
| Hakka | Yunhe (Jinshuitan) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Tonggu | 唔 |
| Hakka | Fengxin (Zaoxi) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唔 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 唔 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 無 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 冒 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 冇 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 不 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Huizhou) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 沒 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 不 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 不 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 不 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Meicheng) | 弗 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Shouchang) | 勿 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不 |
| Jin | Jinzhong (Taigu) | 不 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 不 |
| Jin | Heshun | 不 |
| Jin | Qixian | 不 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 不 |
| Jin | Datong | 不 |
| Jin | Guangling | 不 |
| Jin | Suozhou (Pinglu) | 不 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 不 |
| Jin | Wuzhai | 不 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 不 |
| Jin | Shilou | 不 |
| Jin | Linxian | 不 |
| Jin | Wenshui | 不 |
| Jin | Xixian | 不 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 不 |
| Jin | Changzhi (Tunliu) | 不 |
| Jin | Linhe | 不 |
| Jin | Zhangzi | 不 |
| Jin | Qinxian | 不 |
| Jin | Lingchuan | 不 |
| Jin | Jining | 不 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 不 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 不 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 不 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 不 |
| Jin | Handan | 不 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 不 |
| Jin | Suide | 不 |
| Jin | Zizhou | 不 |
| Jin | Mizhi | 不 |
| Jin | Jiaxian | 不 |
| Jin | Wubu | 不 |
| Jin | Shenmu | 不 |
| Jin | Fugu | 不 |
| Jin | Yulin | 不 |
| Jin | Yulin (Hengshan) | 不 |
| Jin | Jingbian | 不 |
| Jin | Yan'an | 不 |
| Jin | Yan'an (Ansai) | 不 |
| Jin | Ganquan | 不 |
| Jin | Zhidan | 不 |
| Jin | Wuqi | 不 |
| Jin | Qingjian | 不 |
| Jin | Zichang | 不 |
| Jin | Yanchuan | 不 |
| Jin | Yanchang | 不 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 弗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Eastern Min | Taishun | 伓 |
| Eastern Min | Cangnan | 冇, 無 |
| Eastern Min | Cixi (Guanhaiwei) | 伓 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 毋, 𣍐 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Cangnan | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Langxi (Feili) | 毋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 唔 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 伓 |
| Southern Min | Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai) | 無 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 無 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 無 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 冒, 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 唔 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 唔 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 唔 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 冇 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 不 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 唔, 𣍐 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 嘸 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Zhengkeng) | 嘸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Yangpu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 勿, 弗 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 弗, 勿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Xishan, Wuzhong) | 弗 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 弗 |
| Wu | Changshu | 弗 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhangjiagang | 弗 |
| Wu | Qidong | 弗 |
| Wu | Qidong (Lüsi) | 不 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 弗 |
| Wu | Haimen (Sijia) | 不 |
| Wu | Rudong | 弗 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 弗 |
| Wu | Jiashan | 弗 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 弗 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 弗 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 弗 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Liyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yixing | 勿 |
| Wu | Danyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 不 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 弗 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 不 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Changxing | 弗 |
| Wu | Anji | 弗 |
| Wu | Anji (Xiaofeng) | 弗 |
| Wu | Deqing | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Changfa, Lin'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuqian, Lin'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 勿 |
| Wu | Tonglu (Wusheng) | 不 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 勿 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Keqiao) | 勿 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Shangyu) | 勿 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 弗 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 勿, 嘸沒 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Fenghua) | 弗 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Beilun) | 勿 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 勿 |
| Wu | Cixi | 弗 |
| Wu | Xiangshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 弗 |
| Wu | Zhoushan (Dinghai) | 弗 |
| Wu | Daishan | 弗 |
| Wu | Shengsi | 勿 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 弗 |
| Wu | Tiantai | 弗, 勿 |
| Wu | Xianju | 弗 |
| Wu | Sanmen | 弗 |
| Wu | Linhai | 弗 |
| Wu | Wenling | 弗 |
| Wu | Yuhuan | 弗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 否 |
| Wu | Yueqing | 否 |
| Wu | Yongjia | 否 |
| Wu | Rui'an | 否 |
| Wu | Pingyang | 否 |
| Wu | Taishun | 否 |
| Wu | Wencheng | 否 |
| Wu | Lishui | 否 |
| Wu | Qingtian | 否 |
| Wu | Jinyun | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuyi (Liucheng) | 弗 |
| Wu | Songyang (Xiping) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yunhe | 否 |
| Wu | Jingning | 否 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 否 |
| Wu | Longquan | 否 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 弗 |
| Wu | Quzhou (Duze, Qujiang) | 弗 |
| Wu | Suichang | 否 |
| Wu | Jiangshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Changshan | 弗 |
| Wu | Kaihua | 弗 |
| Wu | Longyou | 弗 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 弗 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 弗 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 弗 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 弗 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 弗 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 弗 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 弗 |
| Wu | Lanxi | 弗 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 嘸 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 唔 |
| Wu | Tongling (Xihu & Shun'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Nanling | 不 |
| Wu | Tongling (Yi'an) | 不 |
| Wu | Huangshan | 不 |
| Wu | Jingxian | 不 |
| Wu | Jingxian (Zhaji) | 不 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 嘸 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 不, 唔 |
| Xiang | Yiyang, Hunan | 不 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 不 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 不 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 不 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 不 |
| Xiang | Xinhua | 唔 |
| Xiang | Lianyuan | 不 |
| Xiang | Shaoyang | 唔, 莫 |
| Xiang | Wugang | 不, 冇 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 不 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 不 |
| Xiang | Qiyang | 不 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 不 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 沒 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 不 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 不, 唔 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 唔 |

### Compounds

* 不自由毋寧死 / 不自由毋宁死 (bù zìyóu wúnìng sǐ)
* 四毋
* 寧缺毋濫 / 宁缺毋滥 (nìngquēwúlàn)
* 將毋 / 将毋
* 少安毋躁
* 巨毋霸 (jùwúbà)
* 毋乃 (wúnǎi)
* 毋免 (m̄-bián)
* 毋寧 / 毋宁 (wúnìng)
* 毋庸 (wúyōng)
* 毋庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
* 毋得
* 毋忘在莒 (wúwàngzàijǔ)
* 毋才 (m̄-chiah)
* 毋是 (m̄ sī)
* 毋望之福
* 毋望之禍 / 毋望之祸
* 毋枉毋縱 / 毋枉毋纵
* 毋翼而飛 / 毋翼而飞
* 毋著 (m̀-chho̍k)
* 毋過 / 毋过 (m̄-kù)
* 毋須 / 毋须 (wúxū)
* 豬毋大，大對狗去 / 猪毋大，大对狗去 (ti m̄ tōa, tōa tùi káu khì)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02097
* “毋”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* do not, must not, be not
* "mother" radical

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu)
* Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kun: ない (nai, 毋い)、なかれ (nakare, 毋れ)

#### Usage notes

Not used in Japanese shinjitai in isolation – instead the unsimplified 母 is used – but simplified form is used universally in compound jōyō characters, such as 毎, 海.
However, not used in hyōgaiji, which are written in kyūjitai, such as 姆.

## Korean
### Hanja

毋 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
* do not
* not
* surname
* rad. 80

## Vietnamese
### Han character

毋: Hán Việt readings: vô
* chữ Hán form of vô (“don't, no need”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).