# 債

| 債 | U+50B5, &#20661; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5 |
| ← 傴 [U+50B4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 傶 → [U+50B6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

債 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 2528$_6$, composition ⿰亻責)

#### Derived characters

* 𡢻 𮑫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
* Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 10
* Unihan data for U+50B5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 債
* Small seal scripts05920
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 債 | *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 積 | *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ |
| 刺 | *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ |
| 莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
| 㓨 | *sʰeɡs |
| 朿 | *sʰeɡs |
| 漬 | *zeɡs |
| 耫 | *zraːd, *zreːɡ |
| 嘖 | *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 幘 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 簀 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 嫧 | *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ |
| 謮 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 責 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 皟 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 憡 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 策 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 拺 | *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ |
| 賾 | *zreːɡ |
| 鰿 | *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ |
| 擌 | *sreːɡ |
| 蹟 | *ʔseɡ |
| 襀 | *ʔseɡ |
| 磧 | *sʰeɡ |
| 洓 | *sʰeɡ |
| 績 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 勣 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 樍 | *ʔseːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

### Etymology

Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhài (zhai$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zai$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zāi
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhāi
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zai$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chai
    (Hailu, HRS): zai$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zai$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zai$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ca̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): cái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chè / chèe / chài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zê$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$tsa / $^5$tse
** (Jinhua): $^5$tsa
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
*** Wade–Giles: chai$^4$
*** Yale: jài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
*** Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: zāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sæ⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: zhāi
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaai$^3$
*** Yale: jaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːi̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿i
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
*** Tâi-lô: tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zex
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
*** Tâi-lô: tsèe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
*** Tâi-lô: tsài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
* chè/chèe - vernacular;
* chài - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit債 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡sai⁵³/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sai⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sa³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sɑ⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sa⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sa³²⁴/ /t͡sɛ³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sa⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sai⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sai⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sɑi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sai³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sai²¹/ /t͡se²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɑi²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sai³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡se²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sai³⁵/ /t͡sɛ³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsreaH, tsreak
Rime :
| Character | 債 | 債 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 側賣切 | 側革切 |
| Baxter | tsreaH | tsreak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠɛ$^H$/ | /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚæ$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃæi$^H$/ | /t͡ʃɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂaɨj$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃɛ$^H$/ | /t͡ʃɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃai$^H$/ | /t͡ʃæk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂai$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhài | zhe |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaai$^3$ | zak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡs/, /*ʔsreːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 債 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrɛ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tˁrek-s/ |
| English | debt |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 債 | 債 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1744 | 1759 |
| Phonetic component | 朿 | 朿 |
| Rime group | 賜 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 債 | 責 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsreːɡs/ | /*ʔsreːɡ/ |

### Definitions

債
* debt; loan; liabilities (Classifier: 條／条 mn-t)
* (figurative) owed thing

### Compounds

* 了債 / 了债
* 京債 / 京债
* 倒債 / 倒债
* 借債 / 借债 (jièzhài)
* 債主 / 债主 (zhàizhǔ)
* 債利 / 债利
* 債券 / 债券 (zhàiquàn)
* 債務 / 债务 (zhàiwù)
* 債務人 / 债务人 (zhàiwùrén)
* 債戶 / 债户
* 債樁 / 债桩
* 債權 / 债权 (zhàiquán)
* 債權人 / 债权人 (zhàiquánrén)
* 債權憑證 / 债权凭证
* 債臺高築 / 债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
* 償債 / 偿债 (chángzhài)
* 兒女債 / 儿女债
* 內債 / 内债 (nèizhài)
* 公債 / 公债 (gōngzhài)
* 公債券 / 公债券 (gōngzhàiquàn)
* 公司債 / 公司债
* 公司債券 / 公司债券
* 冷債 / 冷债
* 募債 / 募债
* 國債 / 国债 (guózhài)
* 國家公債 / 国家公债
* 外債 / 外债 (wàizhài)
* 宿債 / 宿债
* 建設公債 / 建设公债
* 抵債 / 抵债
* 捍債 / 捍债
* 揭債 / 揭债
* 揭債還債 / 揭债还债
* 放京債 / 放京债
* 放來生債 / 放来生债
* 放債 / 放债 (fàngzhài)
* 欠債 / 欠债 (qiànzhài)
* 欠債還錢 / 欠债还钱
* 氧債 / 氧债
* 流動負債 / 流动负债 (liúdòng fùzhài)
* 父債子還 / 父债子还
* 相思債 / 相思债
* 私債 / 私债
* 索債 / 索债 (suǒzhài)
* 膿血債 / 脓血债
* 自由公債 / 自由公债
* 舉債 / 举债 (jǔzhài)
* 血債 / 血债 (xuèzhài)
* 血債血還 / 血债血还 (xuèzhàixuèhuán)
* 討債 / 讨债 (tǎozhài)
* 討債鬼 / 讨债鬼
* 負債 / 负债 (fùzhài)
* 負債累累 / 负债累累 (fùzhài lěilěi)
* 賴債 / 赖债
* 躲債 / 躲债 (duǒzhài)
* 逃債 / 逃债 (táozhài)
* 逃債臺 / 逃债台
* 逼債 / 逼债 (bīzhài)
* 避債 / 避债 (bìzhài)
* 還債 / 还债 (huánzhài)
* 鉤腸債 / 钩肠债
* 風情月債 / 风情月债
* 風流債 / 风流债
* 麻衣債 / 麻衣债

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: せ (se)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: かり (kari, 債り)

#### Compounds

* 公(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
* 国(こく)債(さい) (kokusai)
* 負(ふ)債(さい) (fusai)
* 債(さい)権(けん) (saiken)
* 債(さい)券(けん) (saiken)
* 社(しゃ)債(さい) (shasai)
* 学(がっ)校(こう)債(さい) (gakkōsai)
* 社(しゃ)債(さい)発(はっ)行(こう)費(ひ) (shasaihakkōhi)
* 負(ふ)債(さい)性(せい)引(ひき)当(あて)金(きん) (fusaiseihikiatekin)
* ワラント債(さい) (warantosai)
* 校(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
* 学(がく)債(さい) (gakusai)
* 債(さい)務(む) (saimu)

### Noun

債(さい) • (sai)
* loan, debt

## Korean
### Hanja

債 (eum 채 (chae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

債: Hán Nôm readings: trái
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.