# 桔梗
## Chinese

* 桔梗

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiégěng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): git$^3$ gang$^2$ / gat$^1$ gang$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kēng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiégěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiégěng
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-kêng$^3$
*** Yale: jyé-gěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyegeeng
*** Palladius: цзегэн (czegɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: git$^3$ gang$^2$ / gat$^1$ gang$^2$
*** Yale: git gáng / gāt gáng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: git$^8$ gang$^2$ / gat$^7$ gang$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gid$^3$ geng$^2$ / ged$^1$ geng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːt̚³ kɐŋ³⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ kɐŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kēng
*** Tâi-lô: kiat-kīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: ket kaengX
Rime :
| Character | 桔 | 梗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 古屑切 | 古杏切 |
| Baxter | ket | kaengX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ket̚/ | /kˠæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ket̚/ | /kᵚaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛt̚/ | /kaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛt̚/ | /kaɨjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ket̚/ | /kɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kiet̚/ | /kɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiet̚/ | /kɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | gěng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | git$^3$ | gang$^2$ |

### Noun

桔梗
* (traditional Chinese medicine) The root of the balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus).

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 桔 | 梗 |
| き Jinmeiyō | きょう Grade: S |
| yutōyomi ||
/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/
From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ$^X$). Compare modern Cantonese reading git$^3$ gang$^2$.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ききょー [kìkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲi̥kʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō)
* platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus
    Synonyms: 桔梗 (kichikō), 朝顔 (asagao)
    Hypernym: 秋の七草
    Coordinate terms: 萩, 尾花, 葛, 撫子, 女郎花, 藤袴, 桔梗
* (traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorus used in medicines
* a 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “colour layering”) of 二藍 (futai, “overdyed-purple”) and 青 (ao, “blue-green”)
* Short for 桔梗色 (kikyō-iro, “a shade of bluish purple”).
* a 紋 (mon, “crest”) in a Chinese bellflower pattern

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キキョウ.

##### Derived terms

* 桔梗草(キキョウソウ) (kikyōsō)
* 岩桔梗(イワギキョウ) (iwagikyō)
* 沢桔梗(サワギキョウ) (sawagikyō)
* 千島桔梗(チシマギキョウ) (chishimagikyō)
* 蔓桔梗(ツルギキョウ) (tsurugikyō)
* 雛桔梗(ヒナギキョウ) (hinagikyō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 桔 | 梗 |
| きち Jinmeiyō | こう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
/kitikau/ → /kit͡ɕikɔː/ → /kit͡ɕikoː/
From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ$^X$), using alternate kanji readings.
This reading is less common than kikyō above, and may be obsolete.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲit͡ɕiko̞ː]

#### Noun

桔(きち)梗(こう) • (kichikō)
* (possibly obsolete) Synonym of 桔梗 (kikyō, “platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus”)
* a 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “colour layering”) of 二藍 (futai, “overdyed-purple”) and 青 (ao, “blue-green”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 桔 | 梗 |

### Noun

桔梗 • (gilgyeong) (hangeul 길경)
* hanja form of 길경