# 璽

| 璽 | U+74BD, &#29885; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74BD |
| ← 璼 [U+74BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 璾 → [U+74BE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

璽 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月一土戈 (MBMGI), four-corner 1010$_3$, composition ⿱爾玉)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬹, 㣆, 𤄽, 𤣗, 𤿂, 䌳, 𨰡, 𤫆, 𥸀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 744, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21309
* Dae Jaweon: page 1153, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1144, character 5
* Unihan data for U+74BD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嬭 | *rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ |
| 禰 | *niːlʔ |
| 镾 | *niːlʔ, *mnel |
| 薾 | *niːlʔ |
| 檷 | *niːlʔ |
| 鑈 | *niːlʔ, *neːb |
| 瀰 | *niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ |
| 獼 | *mnel |
| 瓕 | *mnel |
| 彌 | *mnel |
| 鸍 | *mnel, *hnjel |
| 擟 | *mnel |
| 濔 | *mnelʔ |
| 壐 | *smlelʔ |
| 璽 | *smlelʔ |
| 爾 | *njelʔ |
| 邇 | *njelʔ |
| 獮 | *smlenʔ |
| 籋 | *neb, *neːb |
From 壐／𱖚. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *smlelʔ) : phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǐ (xi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saai$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^3$
*** Yale: syǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saai$^2$
*** Yale: sáai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /saɪ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
*** Tâi-lô: sú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sí
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shi
*** MiniDict: shi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit璽 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /si⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /si²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sei³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /si³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sai³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐi³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐi³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɐi³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /su⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sai²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /si⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /mi³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: sjeX
Rime :
| Character | 璽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 斯氏切 |
| Baxter | sjeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /sie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[n]e[r]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smlelʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 璽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sje$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.[n]e[r]ʔ/ |
| English | seal (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 璽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2815 |
| Phonetic component | 爾 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徙 |
| Old Chinese | /*smlelʔ/ |
| Notes | 同壐籀文 |

### Definitions

璽
* (historical) imperial seal; royal seal

### Compounds

* 傳國璽 / 传国玺 (chuánguóxǐ)
* 古璽文 / 古玺文
* 國璽 / 国玺 (guóxǐ)
* 玉璽 / 玉玺 (yùxǐ)
* 璽印文字 / 玺印文字
* 璽書 / 玺书 (xǐshū)
* 璽節 / 玺节
* 璽綬 / 玺绶 (xǐshòu)
* 符璽 / 符玺

### References

* “璽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02607

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* the imperial seal or sigil
* a symbol of imperial status

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
* Kun: しるし (shirushi, 璽)、みしるし (mishirushi)

### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 璽 (MC sjeX). Compare modern Mandarin 璽／玺 (xǐ).
The reading changed from an initial borrowing of shi [ɕi] to the current reading of ji [d͡ʑi].

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑi]

#### Noun

璽(じ) • (ji)
* a seal or sigil carved into a jewel
* more specifically, such a seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later, or belonging to the Japanese emperor
* 八尺瓊曲玉 (​Yasakani no Magatama), the jewel that is one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan

##### Synonyms

* (carved jewel): 玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji)
* (imperial seal): 玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
* (imperial regalia): 八(や)尺(さか)瓊(にの)曲(まが)玉(たま) (Yasakani no Magatama)

##### Derived terms

* 璽(じ)綬(じゅ) (jiju): the imperial seal and the braided cord attached to it
* 璽(じ)書(しょ) (jisho): a document that has been stamped with the imperial seal
* 璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu): the imperial seal
* 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji): common term for the emperor's personal seal or sigil and the national seal or sigil used for state business
* 玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
* 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
* 御(ぎょ)名(めい)御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyomei gyoji): the emperor's name and the emperor's personal seal or sigil
* 剣(けん)璽(じ) (kenji): 草薙の剣 (Kusanagi no Tsurugi) and 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), two of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; alternately, all three of the sacred treasures
* 剣(けん)璽(じ)渡(と)御(ぎょ) (kenji togyo): the ceremony of imperial succession, where the Imperial Regalia of Japan are passed from the preceding emperor to the new one
* 剣(けん)璽(じ)の案(あん) (kenji no an): the shelf on which the Imperial Regalia of Japan were placed, from the Heian period through the Muromachi period
* 国(こ)璽(くじ) (kokuji): the national seal or sigil used for state business
* 国(こ)璽(くじ)尚(しょう)書(しょ) (kokuji shōsho): the Lord Privy Seal, the minister or official in the UK responsible for keeping the national seal
* 掌(しょう)璽(じ)官(かん) (shōjikan): under the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the minister in responsible for keeping the imperial seal
* 神(しん)璽(じ) (shinji): 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; alternately, all three of the sacred treasures; the emperor's personal seal or sigil
* 伝(でん)国(こく)の璽(じ) (denkoku no ji): the imperial seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later
* 宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
* 霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji): an honorific term for the emperor's personal seal or sigil; something worshipped to offer prayers to the soul of someone who has passed away

### Etymology 2

Noun derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) shirushi of verb 印す (shirusu, “to stamp with a seal or sigil; to mark or brand”).

#### Alternative forms

* 印

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しるし [shìrúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiɾɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

璽(しるし) • (shirushi)
* the emperor's personal seal or sigil or the national seal or sigil used for state business
* the mark made by such a seal or sigil
* 八尺瓊勾玉 (​Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan
* all three of the sacred treasures

##### Synonyms

* (imperial seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
* (emperor's seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji), 璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu), 宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji), 霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji)
* (national seal): 国(こく)璽(じ) (kokuji)
* (imperial regalia): 八(や)尺(さか)瓊(にの)勾(まが)玉(たま) (Yasakani no Magatama)
* (all three imperial regalia): 三(さん)種(しゅ)の神(しん)器(き) (Sanshu no Shinki)

##### Derived terms

* 璽(しるし)の御(み)筥(はこ) (shirushi no mihako): the box containing the 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; by extension, 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama) itself
* 天(あま)つ璽(しるし) (ama tsu shirushi): the mark or borderline separating the earthly realm from the heavenly realm; an item received from the gods as proof of imperial status
* 御(み)璽(しるし) (mishirushi): the sacred Imperial Regalia of Japan that symbolize imperial succession

### Etymology 3

Compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) +‎ 璽 (shirushi, “imperial mark, seal, or sigil”).

#### Alternative forms

* 御璽, 御印

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲiɕiɾɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

璽(みしるし) • (mishirushi)
* a mark or seal indicating imperial status
* a sacred item indicating imperial status
* the emperor's personal seal or sigil

##### Synonyms

* (imperial seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
* (sacred item): 神(しん)器(き) (shinki)
* (emperor's seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji), 璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu), 宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji), 霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 사 (sa) based on Middle Chinese 璽 (MC sjeX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ) | ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 인〮 (Yale: ín) | ᄉᆞ〯 (Yale: sǒ) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰɛ] ~ [sʰe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [새/세]

### Hanja

Wikisource 璽 (eumhun 도장 새 (dojang sae))
* hanja form of 새 (“royal seal”) [noun]

#### Compounds

* 국새 (國璽, guksae)
* 옥새 (玉璽, oksae)
* 인새 (印璽, insae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

璽: Hán Nôm readings: tỉ, tỷ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.