# dyspnea
## English
### Etymology

Variant spelling of dyspnoea, a learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea (“difficulty breathing”), from Ancient Greek δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (dŭ́spnoiă, “difficulty breathing, shortness of breath”), from δῠ́σπνοος (dŭ́spnoos, “short of breath, breathing with difficulty”, adjective) (also δῠ́σπνους (dŭ́spnous) by contraction) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix forming abstract nouns). Δῠ́σπνοος (Dŭ́spnoos) is derived from δῠσ- (dŭs-, prefix meaning ‘bad; difficult, hard; unfortunate’) + πνέω (pnéō, “to blow; to breathe”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; to pant”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as dys- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal; difficult; disease’) +‎ -pnea (suffix meaning ‘breathing, respiration’).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɪspˈniː.ə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈdɪsp.ni.ə/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːə
* Hyphenation: dys‧pnea

### Noun

dyspnea (countable and uncountable, plural dyspneas) (American spelling, Canadian spelling)
* (pathology) Difficult or laboured breathing.
    Synonyms: shortness of breath, SOB, breathlessness
    Coordinate terms: apnea, bradypnea, eupnea, hyperpnea, orthopnea, platypnea, polypnea, tachypnea, trepopnea
** 1655, Lazarus Riverius [i.e., Lazare Rivière], “Of Asthma, or Difficulty of Breathing”, in Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, and William Rowland, transl., The Practice of Physick, […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, 7th book (Of the Diseases of the Breast), page 148:In a Diſpnœa, the breath is thick, vvithout noiſe or anhelation, and vvith leſs trouble.
** 1888, R[euben] Ludlam, “Lecture LIX. Ovariotomy.”, in Medical and Surgical Lectures on the Diseases of Women, a Clinical and Systematic Treatise. […], 6th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Halsey Brothers, →OCLC, page 962:During August the tumor again grew rapidly, causing dyspnœa, constipation and general malaise.

#### Alternative forms

* dyspnoea (British spelling)
* dyspnœa (obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* dyspneic, dyspnoeic, dyspnœic
* dyspneal, dyspnoeal, dyspnœal

#### Related terms

* apnea, apnoea, apnœa
* apneic, apnoeic, apnœic
* bradypnea, bradypnoea, bradypnœa
* bradypneic, bradypnoeic, bradypnœic
* eupnea, eupnoea, eupnœa
* eupneic, eupnoeic, eupnœic
* hyperpnea, hyperpnoea, hyperpnœa
* hyperpneic, hyperpnoeic, hyperpnœic
* orthopnea, orthopnoea, orthopnœa
* orthopneic, orthopnoeic, orthopnœic
* platypnea, platypnoea, platypnœa
* polypnea, polypnoeia, polypnœia
* polypneic, polypnoeic, polypnœic
* tachypnea, tachypnoea, tachypnœa
* tachypneic, tachypnoeic, tachypnœic
* trepopnea, trepopnoea, trepopnœa

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Compare “dyspnoea, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “dyspnoea, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* shortness of breath on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Pandeys

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English dyspnea)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdys.pneɑ/, [ˈdys̠.pne̞ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ys.pneɑ
* Hyphenation: dys‧pnea, dysp‧nea

### Noun

dyspnea
* (pathology) dyspnea

#### Declension

Possessive forms of dyspnea (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dyspneani
dyspneani
accusative
nom.
dyspneani
dyspneani
gen.
dyspneani
genitive
dyspneani
dyspneoideni dyspneoitteni dyspneaini $^{rare}$
partitive
dyspneaani
dyspneoitani
inessive
dyspneassani
dyspneoissani
elative
dyspneastani
dyspneoistani
illative
dyspneaani
dyspneoihini
adessive
dyspneallani
dyspneoillani
ablative
dyspnealtani
dyspneoiltani
allative
dyspnealleni
dyspneoilleni
essive
dyspneanani
dyspneoinani
translative
dyspneakseni
dyspneoikseni
abessive
dyspneattani
dyspneoittani
instructive
comitative
—dyspneoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dyspneasi
dyspneasi
accusative
nom.
dyspneasi
dyspneasi
gen.
dyspneasi
genitive
dyspneasi
dyspneoidesi dyspneoittesi dyspneaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
dyspneaasi
dyspneoitasi
inessive
dyspneassasi
dyspneoissasi
elative
dyspneastasi
dyspneoistasi
illative
dyspneaasi
dyspneoihisi
adessive
dyspneallasi
dyspneoillasi
ablative
dyspnealtasi
dyspneoiltasi
allative
dyspneallesi
dyspneoillesi
essive
dyspneanasi
dyspneoinasi
translative
dyspneaksesi
dyspneoiksesi
abessive
dyspneattasi
dyspneoittasi
instructive
comitative
—dyspneoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dyspneamme
dyspneamme
accusative
nom.
dyspneamme
dyspneamme
gen.
dyspneamme
genitive
dyspneamme
dyspneoidemme dyspneoittemme dyspneaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
dyspneaamme
dyspneoitamme
inessive
dyspneassamme
dyspneoissamme
elative
dyspneastamme
dyspneoistamme
illative
dyspneaamme
dyspneoihimme
adessive
dyspneallamme
dyspneoillamme
ablative
dyspnealtamme
dyspneoiltamme
allative
dyspneallemme
dyspneoillemme
essive
dyspneanamme
dyspneoinamme
translative
dyspneaksemme
dyspneoiksemme
abessive
dyspneattamme
dyspneoittamme
instructive
comitative
—dyspneoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dyspneanne
dyspneanne
accusative
nom.
dyspneanne
dyspneanne
gen.
dyspneanne
genitive
dyspneanne
dyspneoidenne dyspneoittenne dyspneainne $^{rare}$
partitive
dyspneaanne
dyspneoitanne
inessive
dyspneassanne
dyspneoissanne
elative
dyspneastanne
dyspneoistanne
illative
dyspneaanne
dyspneoihinne
adessive
dyspneallanne
dyspneoillanne
ablative
dyspnealtanne
dyspneoiltanne
allative
dyspneallenne
dyspneoillenne
essive
dyspneananne
dyspneoinanne
translative
dyspneaksenne
dyspneoiksenne
abessive
dyspneattanne
dyspneoittanne
instructive
comitative
—dyspneoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
dyspneansa
dyspneansa
accusative
nom.
dyspneansa
dyspneansa
gen.
dyspneansa
genitive
dyspneansa
dyspneoidensa dyspneoittensa dyspneainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
dyspneaansa
dyspneoitaan dyspneoitansa
inessive
dyspneassaan dyspneassansa
dyspneoissaan dyspneoissansa
elative
dyspneastaan dyspneastansa
dyspneoistaan dyspneoistansa
illative
dyspneaansa
dyspneoihinsa
adessive
dyspneallaan dyspneallansa
dyspneoillaan dyspneoillansa
ablative
dyspnealtaan dyspnealtansa
dyspneoiltaan dyspneoiltansa
allative
dyspnealleen dyspneallensa
dyspneoilleen dyspneoillensa
essive
dyspneanaan dyspneanansa
dyspneoinaan dyspneoinansa
translative
dyspneakseen dyspneaksensa
dyspneoikseen dyspneoiksensa
abessive
dyspneattaan dyspneattansa
dyspneoittaan dyspneoittansa
instructive
comitative
—dyspneoineen dyspneoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* hengenahdistus

## Interlingua
### Noun

dyspnea (uncountable)
* dyspnea

#### Related terms

* dyspneic