# rifle
## English
### Etymology

Originally short for “rifled gun”, referring to the spiral grooves inside the barrel. From Middle English riflen (“to rob, plunder, search through”), from Old French rifler (“to lightly scratch, scrape off, plunder”), from Old High German riffilōn (compare German riffeln (“to score, make grooves in, ripple”), archaic Dutch rijfelen (“to scrape”), Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”)), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (compare Old Norse rífa (“to tear, break”)). More at rive.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹaɪfəl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪfəl

### Noun

rifle (plural rifles)
* (weaponry) A firearm fired from the shoulder; improved range and accuracy is provided by a long, rifled barrel.
** 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 7, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:Still, a dozen men with rifles, and cartridges to match, stayed behind when they filed through a white aldea lying silent amid the cane, and the Sin Verguenza swung into slightly quicker stride.
** 1995, Richard Klein, “Introduction”, in Cigarettes are sublime, Paperback edition, Durham: Duke University Press, published 1993, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 8:In the June days of 1848 Baudelaire reports seeing revolutionaries (he might have been one of them) going through the streets of Paris with rifles, shooting all the clocks.
* (military, usually in the plural, dated) A rifleman.
* (weaponry) An artillery piece with a rifled barrel.
* A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes.

#### Derived terms

* air rifle
* assault rifle
* automatic rifle
* autorifle
* battle rifle
* benchrest rifle
* express rifle
* hog rifle
* Kentucky rifle
* long rifle
* Minié rifle
* Parrott rifle
* Pennsylvania rifle
* plasma rifle
* recoilless rifle
* rifled slug
* rifle fish
* rifle green
* rifle grenade
* rifle is fine
* rifleman
* rifle pit
* rifle range
* rifling
* rook and rabbit rifle
* rook rifle
* sniper rifle
* Tennessee rifle

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: rifle
* → French: rifle
* → Japanese: ライフル (raifuru)
* → Korean: 라이플 (raipeul)
* → Portuguese: rifle
* → Spanish: rifle

#### Translations
### Verb

rifle (third-person singular simple present rifles, present participle rifling, simple past and past participle rifled)
* (intransitive) To quickly search through many items (such as papers, the contents of a drawer, a pile of clothing). (See also riffle)
    She made a mess when she rifled through the stack of papers, looking for the title document.
* (intransitive) To commit robbery or theft.
** 1566, Thomas Harman, A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursitors:Thither repair at accustomed times their harlots […] not with empty hands, for they be as skilful in picking, rifling, and filching as the upright men.
* (transitive) To search with intent to steal; to ransack, pillage or plunder.
** 1633, Joseph Hall, A paraphrase upon the hard texts of Scripture:thine enemies […] shall ransack and rifle all the things of Edom; and shall search out all thy hidden commodities, and carry them away at once
* (transitive) To strip of goods; to rob; to pillage.
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: / If not, we'll make you sit and rifle you.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:Ben, in his long, lonely wanderings about the island, had found the skeleton — it was he that had rifled it; he had found the treasure; he had dug it up […]
* (transitive) To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off.
** 1715–1720, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book I”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:Time shall rifle every youthful grace.
* (transitive) To add a spiral groove to a gun bore to make a fired bullet spin in flight in order to improve range and accuracy.
* (transitive) To cause (a projectile, as a rifle bullet) to travel in a flat ballistic trajectory.
** 2010 December 28, Marc Vesty, “Stoke 0 - 2 Fulham”, in BBC‎:Davies's cross was headed away from danger by Robert Huth, only for Baird to take the ball in his stride and rifle his right-footed effort towards the corner from the edge of the box.
** 2011 Fighting for Gold: The Story of Canada's Sledge Hockey Paralympic Gold by Lorna Schultz Schultz Nicholson
    But a Norwegian player rifled off a point shot that sailed into the back of the net.
* (intransitive) To move in a flat ballistic trajectory (as a rifle bullet).
** 2014, Alexander Rebelle, Lights of Summer: The Run for Glory:The ball rifled off the bat.
* (transitive, obsolete) To dispose of in a raffle.
** c. 1600 (date written; first published 1657), attributed to Thomas Dekker, John Day, William Houghton, Lust’s Dominion: Or, The Lascivious Queen. A Tragedie, London: […] J. Chappell, Jun. […], published 1818, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 68:I've at one throw / Rifled away the diadem of Spain; […]
** 1605, John Webster, Northward Ho:If you like not that course but intend to be rid of her , rifle her at a tavern , where you may swallow down some fifty wiseacres ' sons and heirs to old tenements and common gardens , like so many raw yolks with muscadine to bedward Kate.
* (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in a raffle.
** 1596, George Chapman, The Blind Beggar of Alexandria:We'll strike up a drum, set up a tent, call people together, put crowns apiece, let's rifle for her

#### Translations
### References

* “rifle”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “rifle”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Filer, Friel, filer, flier, lifer

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from English rifle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈri.flə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈri.fle]

### Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)
* rifle

### Further reading

* “rifle” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “rifle”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “rifle” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “rifle” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## French
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English rifle. First attested in 1833.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁifl/, /ʁajfl/

#### Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)
* rifle (carabine)

##### Related terms

* .22 Long Rifle
* rifle à air

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁifl/

#### Verb

rifle
* inflection of rifler:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “rifle”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* filer

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Apparently from Middle Low German or Low German riffel, but compare Danish riffel.

### Noun

rifle f or m (definite singular rifla or riflen, indefinite plural rifler, definite plural riflene)
* (firearm) a rifle

#### Derived terms

* jaktrifle

### References

* “rifle” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

As above.

### Noun

rifle f (definite singular rifla, indefinite plural rifler, definite plural riflene)
* (firearm) a rifle

#### Derived terms

* jaktrifle

### References

* “rifle” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* refle

### Etymology

Borrowed from English rifle, from Middle English, from Old French rifler (“to scrape off, plunder”), from Old Low Franconian Old Dutch *rifillon, frequentative of Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.fli/ [ˈhi.fli]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.fli/ [ˈhi.fli]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁi.fli/ [ˈχi.fli]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.fle/ [ˈhi.fle]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁi.flɨ/
* Hyphenation: ri‧fle

### Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)
* rifle
    Synonyms: escopeta, espingarda, fuzil, refle

### Further reading

* “rifle”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English rifle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrifle/ [ˈri.fle]
* Rhymes: -ifle
* Syllabification: ri‧fle

### Noun

rifle m (plural rifles)
* rifle
    Synonym: fusil

### Further reading

* “rifle”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10