# 平成

| ㍻ | U+337B, &#13179; SQUARE ERA NAME HEISEI |
| ← ㍺ [U+337A] | CJK Compatibility | ㍼ → [U+337C] |

## Chinese

* 平成 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 平成 (Classical)
* 平成 (Cantonese)
* Pêng-sêng (Southern Min)
* Bìng-sìng (Eastern Min)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): píngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: píngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: píngchéng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^2$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: píng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngcherng
*** Palladius: пинчэн (pinčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$平城 平成

#### Verb

平成
* (literary) to plan everything well

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 平成 (Heisei).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Píngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
* Eastern Min (BUC): Bìng-sìng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Pêng-sêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Píngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Píngchéng
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻing$^2$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: Píng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pyngcherng
*** Palladius: Пинчэн (Pinčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Bìng-sìng
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(s-)}$niŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pêng-sêng
*** Tâi-lô: Pîng-sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pengseeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²³/

#### Proper noun

平成
* Heisei era of Japanese history

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 成 |
| へい Grade: 3 | せい Grade: 4 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

Literally "becoming peaceful" or "peace everywhere". Based on two Literary Chinese passages, one from 史記 (Shiki, “the Records of the Grand Historian”) and the other from 書経 (Shokyō, “the Book of Documents”):
    内平外成 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCEnèi píng wài chéng [Pinyin]Internal peace, external accomplishment;
       in Japanese, 内平らかにして外成る (uchi tairaka ni shite soto naru), and
    地平天成 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCEdì píng tiān chéng [Pinyin]The earth has been rendered peaceful, and the (influence of) heaven has become complete.
       in Japanese, 地平らかにして天成る (chi tairaka ni shite ten naru)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) へーせー [hèéséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [he̞ːse̞ː]

### Proper noun

平(へい)成(せい) • (Heisei)
* the Heisei era, 1989-2019
    平成(へいせい)元年(がんねん)
       Heisei gannen
       the first year of Heisei (1989 in the Gregorian calendar)

#### Derived terms

* 平(へい)成(せい)景(けい)気(き) (Heisei Keiki)
* 平(へい)成(せい)研究(けんきゅう)会(かい) (Heisei Kenkyūkai)
* 平(へい)成(せい)新山(しんざん) (Heisei Shinzan)
* 平成(へいせい)ネオナショナリズム (Heisei Neo-nashonarizumu)
* 平(へい)成(せい)不況(ふきょう) (Heisei Fukyō)

#### Descendants

* → English: Heisei
* → Chinese:
** Mandarin: 平成 (Píngchéng)
* → Korean: 헤이세이 (Heisei)
* → Vietnamese: Heisei, Bình Thành

#### See also

* 昭和(しょうわ) (Shōwa) (era preceding Heisei)
* 令(れい)和(わ) (Reiwa) (era following Heisei)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 平 | 成 |

### Proper noun

平成
* chữ Hán form of Bình Thành (“Heisei era of Japanese history”).