# crann
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish crann, from Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kɾˠaun̪ˠ/
* (Aran, Cois Fharraige) IPA: /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/
* (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /kɾˠan̪ˠ/

### Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn, nominative plural crainn)
* tree
* pole, stake
* beam
* trunk, handle
* (construction) wood, timber, lumber
* (nautical) mast
* crane (device)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
crann
crainn
vocative
a chrainn
a chranna
genitive
crainn
crann
dative
crann
crainn
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an crann
na crainn
genitive
an chrainn
na gcrann
dative
leis an gcrann don chrann
leis na crainn :
* Alternative plural forms: crainnte, croinnte (Cois Fharraige)

#### Derived terms

* brógchrann
* cangarú crainn
* cat crainn
* crann brataí
* crann cuilinn
* crann deiridh
* crann síorghlas
* crann-chróineolaíocht
* cranneolaíocht
* crannfhear
* i gcrann
* lámhchrann

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “crann”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “crann”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “crann”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom. Cognate to Welsh pren.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kran͈]

### Noun

crann n (genitive cruinn)
* tree
** c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 64
    To·fich sruth folo – ró tinn – combu derg snob cech óenchruinn.A stream of blood gushed forth – too severe – so that the bark of every single tree was red.
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 61$^b$13
    .i. don chrunn fésin is nomen buxum hi sin, ni don torud ⁊ is ainsid neutair.The word buxum here is for the tree itself, not for the fruit, and it is an accusative neuter.
* wood, timber
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 18$^b$4
    .i. roth cruind forsa ndenat na cerda in lestrai nui ł. cran cruin immua mbiat ocua ndenum.i.e. a round wheel on which the potters make the new vessels, or a round piece of wood around which [the potters] are while making [the vessels].

#### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | crann$^N$ | crann$^N$ | crann$^L$, cranna |
| Vocative | crann$^N$ | crann$^N$ | crann$^L$, cranna |
| Accusative | crann$^N$ | crann$^N$ | crann$^L$, cranna |
| Genitive | cruinn$^L$ | crann | crann$^N$ |
| Dative | crunn$^L$ | crannaib | crannaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: crann
** Irish: crann
** Manx: croan
** Scottish Gaelic: crann

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish crann (“tree”), from Old Irish crann. Cognates include Irish crann and Manx croan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɾau̯n̪ˠ/
* Hyphenation: crann

### Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn or croinn, plural crainn or croinn)
* plough
* mast (of a ship)
* bar, bolt
* beam, shaft
* saltire
* pole (point of rotation)
* cran (measure for herring)
* crane (device for lifting)
* lot (device for determining luck)
* (chiefly in compounds) tree

#### Declension

With the slenderised vowel -ai-:
$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century
With the slenderised vowel -oi-:
$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

#### Derived terms

* An Crann
* crann-cuilinn
* crann-dealain
* crann-deiridh
* crann-gaoithe
* crann-tara

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “crann”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Colin Mark (2003) “crann”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 174
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language