# 拘

| 拘 | U+62D8, &#25304; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D8 |
| ← 拗 [U+62D7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 拙 → [U+62D9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

拘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手心口 (QPR), four-corner 5702$_0$, composition ⿰扌句)

#### Derived characters

* 㐝 𢛑 𭕣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 426, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11963
* Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1856, character 1
* Unihan data for U+62D8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拘 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ko): semantic 扌 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jū (ju$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): keoi$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kui$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): gî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ku / khu / khi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ku$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ciu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ju$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: keoi$^1$
*** Yale: kēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰui³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: gî
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /gi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
*** Tâi-lô: ku
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ku³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu
*** Tâi-lô: khu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi
*** Tâi-lô: khi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ku$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ciu
*** MiniDict: ciu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit拘 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sz̩ʷ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕy¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕy¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕy⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕy³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕy¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕy³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕy³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕy⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ki⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰøy⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰy⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰøy⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ku⁵⁵/ /kʰu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ky⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ky⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰu³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kju
Rime :
| Character | 拘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉朱切 |
| Baxter | kju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kio/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ko/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 拘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7093 |
| Phonetic component | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 拘 |
| Old Chinese | /*ko/ |

### Definitions

拘
* to arrest; to detain
    拘留 ― jūliú ― to detain
* to restrain; to restrict; to constrain
    拘束 ― jūshù ― to constrain
    拘謹／拘谨 ― jūjǐn ― overcautious
* to be inflexible
    拘泥 ― jūní ― to rigidly adhere to
* to limit
    不拘一格 ― bùjūyīgé ― not limited to one type or style
* (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to be concerned about; to mind; to worry
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stop; to prevent
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cramp; spasm
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beat; meter

### Compounds

* 不拘 (bùjū)
* 不拘一格 (bùjūyīgé)
* 不拘小節 / 不拘小节 (bùjūxiǎojié)
* 不拘細行 / 不拘细行
* 執拘 / 执拘
* 急張拘諸 / 急张拘诸
* 拘介
* 拘俗守常
* 拘倦
* 拘儒
* 拘兒 / 拘儿
* 拘刷
* 拘囿
* 拘執 / 拘执 (jūzhí)
* 拘守
* 拘局
* 拘役 (jūyì)
* 拘忌 (jūjì)
* 拘急
* 拘扣
* 拘押 (jūyā)
* 拘拘
* 拘拘儒儒
* 拘拘束束
* 拘拘縮縮 / 拘拘缩缩
* 拘拿 (jūná)
* 拘捕 (jūbǔ)
* 拘提 (jūtí)
* 拘攣 / 拘挛
* 拘攣兒 / 拘挛儿
* 拘攣補衲 / 拘挛补衲
* 拘收
* 拘文牽俗 / 拘文牵俗
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 拘板
* 拘檢 / 拘检
* 拘泥 (jūnì)
* 拘牽 / 拘牵
* 拘留 (jūliú)
* 拘留所 (jūliúsuǒ)
* 拘礙 / 拘碍
* 拘神遣將 / 拘神遣将
* 拘票 (jūpiào)
* 拘禁 (jūjìn)
* 拘禮 / 拘礼 (jūlǐ)
* 拘管
* 拘絆 / 拘绊
* 拘緊 / 拘紧
* 拘繫 / 拘系
* 拘謹 / 拘谨 (jūjǐn)
* 拘鉗 / 拘钳
* 拘限 (jūxiàn)
* 拘頭 / 拘头
* 放縱不拘 / 放纵不拘
* 無拘無束 / 无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
* 無束無拘 / 无束无拘
* 疏宕不拘
* 病不拘禮 / 病不拘礼
* 禮俗所拘 / 礼俗所拘
* 老不拘禮 / 老不拘礼
* 行拘 (xíngjū)
* 通脫不拘 / 通脱不拘
* 隔山拘火

### References

* “拘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: く (ku)、こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かかわる (kakawaru, 拘わる)、こだわる (kodawaru, 拘る)、とどめる (todomeru, 拘める)、とらえる (toraeru, 拘える)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ku]
* Phonetic hangul: [구]

### Hanja

Wikisource 拘 (eumhun 잡을 구 (jabeul gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“restrain, seize, detain”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

拘: Hán Nôm readings: câu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.