OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Osaka
## English
### Alternative forms

* Ōsaka

### Etymology

From Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”) — the slope up to the Uemachi Plateau, where Osaka Castle sits.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /əʊˈsɑːkə/, /əʊˈsækə/
* (US) IPA: /oʊˈsɑːkə/, /oʊˈsækə/
* Rhymes: -ɑːkə, -ækə

### Proper noun

Osaka
* The capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
* A prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan.

#### Derived terms

* Osakan

#### Translations
### See also

* Aichi
* Akita
* Aomori
* Chiba
* Ehime
* Fukui
* Fukuoka
* Fukushima
* Gifu
* Gunma
* Hiroshima
* Hokkaidō
* Hyōgo
* Ibaraki
* Ishikawa
* Iwate
* Kagawa
* Kagoshima
* Kanagawa
* Kōchi
* Kumamoto
* Kyoto
* Mie
* Miyagi
* Miyazaki
* Nagano
* Nagasaki
* Nara
* Niigata
* Ōita
* Okayama
* Okinawa
* Osaka
* Saga
* Saitama
* Shiga
* Shimane
* Shizuoka
* Tochigi
* Tokushima
* Tokyo
* Tottori
* Toyama
* Wakayama
* Yamagata
* Yamaguchi
* Yamanashi

### Anagrams

* Asako, Asoka, asoak

## French
### Alternative forms

* Ōsaka, Ôsaka

### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Pronunciation

* (France) IPA: /o.za.ka/; /o.sa.ka/
* (Quebec) IPA: /o.sa.kɑ/

### Proper noun

Osaka f
* Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* Ōsaka

### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈza.ka/, (high-style, less-preferred) /oˈsa.ka/
* Rhymes: -aka
* Hyphenation: O‧sà‧ka

### Proper noun

Osaka f
* Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)

### References

* ↑ Osaka in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Japanese
### Romanization

Osaka
* Rōmaji transcription of おさか

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大阪.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔˈsa.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: O‧sa‧ka

### Proper noun

Osaka f (related adjective osakijski)
* Osaka (the capital and largest city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* Osaka (a prefecture of Japan)

#### Derived terms

* osakijczyk
* osakijka

### Further reading

* Osaka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Osaka in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Proper noun

Osaka
* Alternative form of Osaca

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈsaka/ [oˈsa.ka]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: O‧sa‧ka

### Proper noun

Osaka f
* Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔoˈsaka/ [ʔoˈsaː.xɐ]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: O‧sa‧ka

### Proper noun

Osaka (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜐᜃ)
* Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
* Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)
# امروز
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* امرو (emru) (colloquial, Tehrani)

### Etymology

From امـ (em, “to-; this”) +‎ روز (ruz, “day”), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭣𐭭𐭤 (im, “this”) + 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz, “day”). Compare Mazanderani ام رو (am ro, “today”), Central Kurdish ئەمڕۆ (emrro, “today”), Northern Kurdish îro (“today”), Pashto نن ورځ (nan wraź, “today”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔim.ˈɾoːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪm.ɾóːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪm.ɾóːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪm.ɾóːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔim.ɾʊ́ːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔem.ɹúːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔem.ɹúːz]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [ʔem.ɹúː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔim.ɾɵ́z]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Adverb

| Dari | امروز |
| Iranian Persian | امروز |
| Tajik | имрӯз |
امروز • (emruz)
* today
    اِمْروز چَنْدُم اَسْت؟ (Iranian Persian) ― emruz čandom ast? ― what date is it today?

#### Related terms

* روز (ruz)
* (days) days; پسین‌فرداشب, پسین‌فردا, پس‌فرداشب, پس‌فردا, فرداشب, فردا, امشب, امروز, دیشب, دیروز, پریشب, پریروز, پس پریشب, پس پریروز

### References

* ↑ Talebi, Ali (2012) مشتی از مرواریدهای فراموش‌شده‌ی مازندران (فرهنگ واژگانی) [A Handful of the Forgotten Pearls of Mazandaran (Dictionary)]‎, Amol, page 71

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِمْروز (imrōz).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɪm.ɾoːz/

### Adverb

اِمْروز • (imroz) (Hindi spelling इमरोज़)
* today
    Synonyms: اَدْیَہ (adya), آج (āj)
# אוסטרליה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Australia.

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /osˈtʁalja/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה • (ostrálya) f
* Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)
* (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)
# unattainable
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ attain +‎ -able.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

unattainable (comparative more unattainable, superlative most unattainable)
* Impossible to attain or reach; unable to accomplish
    Synonyms: inaccessible, unobtainable, unapproachable
    Antonym: attainable
** 1974, The Chesterton Review, page 262:Efficiency for the sake of efficiency, unchallenged authority conferred upon those who know well a few things and ignore everything else, disdain for the ordinary and humble elements that introduce happiness in our lives, worship of unattainable utopiae, are some of the features of the scheme which leads inevitably to the suppression of the eternal gifts bestowed by God upon every human person and to the frightful prospect of being ruled by what he vividly names “the Empire of the Insect.”

#### Translations
### Noun

unattainable (plural unattainables)
* Anything that cannot be attained.
# long-focus lenses
## English
### Noun

long-focus lenses
* plural of long-focus lens
# کملايوان
## Malay
### Noun

کملايوان
* Jawi spelling of kemelayuan‎.
# כיוון
## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

* Root
* כ־ו־ן (k-w-n)
* 19 terms
From the root כ־ו־ן (k-w-n).

#### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /kiˈven/

#### Verb

כיוון / כִּוֵּן • (kivén) (pi'el construction)
* To direct (as traffic).

### Etymology 2

* Root
* כ־ו־ן (k-w-n)
* 19 terms
From the above verb.

#### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /kiˈvun/

#### Noun

כיוון / כִּוּוּן • (kivún) m (plural indefinite כיוונים / כִּוּוּנִים, singular construct כיוון / כִּוּוּן־) [pattern: קִטּוּל]
* A direction, an orientation, a heading.
    נסענו בכיוון תל אביב. ― nasánu b'khivún tel avív. ― We drove in the direction of Tel Aviv.
    הסתכלתי בכיוון שלו. ― histakálti bakivún sheló. ― I looked in his direction.
    סובבת עם כיוון השעון? ― sovávta im kivún hashaón? ― Did you turn [it] clockwise?
* Directing: pointing a person in a given direction.
    השומר אחראי על כיוון כלי־הרכב בחניון. ― hashomér akhrái al kivún klei-harékhev bakhaniyón. ― The guard is responsible for the directing of vehicles in the parking structure.
* A perspective, a point of view, a standpoint.
    אני רואה את הדבר מכיוון אחד ואתה מכיוון אחר. ― aní roé et hadavár mikivún ekhád v'atá mikivún akhér. ― I see the issue from one point of view and you see it from a different one.
* An adjustment, a tuning (of a machine).
    בעקבות כיוון המצבר המכונית שוב נוסעת. ― b'ikvót kivún hamatzbér ham'khonít shuv nosáat. ― After the adjustment of the battery, the car drives again.
# ملايو
## Malay
### Proper noun

ملايو
* Jawi spelling of Melayu‎.
# ᮹

| ᮹ | U+1BB9, &#7097; SUNDANESE DIGIT NINE |
| ← ᮸ [U+1BB8] | Sundanese | ᮺ → [U+1BBA] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

᮹ (Sundanese script numeral)
* The digit 9.

## Sundanese
### Alternative forms

* ᮞᮜᮕᮔ᮪ (salapan)

### Numeral

᮹ • (9)
* The digit 9 in Sundanese script

#### See also

* (Sundanese script digits): ᮰ ᮱ ᮲ ᮳ ᮴ ᮵ ᮶ ᮷ ᮸ ᮹
# ᮴

| ᮴ | U+1BB4, &#7092; SUNDANESE DIGIT FOUR |
| ← ᮳ [U+1BB3] | Sundanese | ᮵ → [U+1BB5] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

᮴ (Sundanese script numeral)
* The digit 4.

## Sundanese
### Alternative forms

* ᮇᮕᮒ᮪ (opat)

### Numeral

᮴ • (4)
* The digit 4 in Sundanese script

#### See also

* (Sundanese script digits): ᮰ ᮱ ᮲ ᮳ ᮴ ᮵ ᮶ ᮷ ᮸ ᮹
# משרד
## Hebrew

* Root
* שׂ־ר־ד (s-r-d)
* 4 terms

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

מִשְׂרָד • (misrád) m (plural indefinite מִשְׂרָדִים, singular construct מִשְׂרַד־, plural construct מִשְׂרְדֵי־) [pattern: מִקְטָל]
* An office: a person's office, a workplace.
    היא עובדת במשרד לידי. ― hi ovédet bamisrád l'yadí. ― She works in the office next to me.
* An office, a bureau: a government office.
    משרד הפנים ― misrád hap'ním ― the Ministry of Interior
    משרד החינוך ― misrád hakhinúkh ― the Ministry of Education
    משרד ראש הממשלה ― misrád rósh hamemshalá ― the cabinet of Prime minister

#### Synonyms

* לִשְׁכָּה (lishká)

#### Derived terms

* משרד הביטחון / מִשְׂרַד הַבִּטָּחוֹן (misrád habitakhón)
# -gą́ą́ł
## Navajo
### Stem

-gą́ą́ł
* Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
       Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT MOM -GAN (wither)
# تینگیز
## Chagatai
### Alternative forms

* تنگیز (teŋiz)

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *teŋiŕ. Cognate with Ottoman Turkish دڭز (deniz).

### Noun

تینگیز (teŋiz)
* sea

#### Descendants

* > Uzbek: dengiz (inherited)
* > Uyghur: دېڭىز (dë'ngiz) (inherited)

### References

* Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870) “تینگیز”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary]‎ (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 268
* Shaw, Robert Barkley (1880) “تینگیز”, in “Turki-English vocabulary” (chapter 2), in A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Káshgar and Yarkand)‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, page 88
* el-Buhari, Süleyman Özbeki (1881) “تنکیز”, in لغت چغتای و ترکی عثمانی [Ottoman Turkish-Chagatai Dictionary]‎ (in Ottoman Turkish), volume 1, page 111
* Jarring, Gunnar (1964) “teŋgiz”, in An Eastern Turki-English Dialect Dictionary‎, C.W.K. Gleerup, page 303
# 關係調
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānxìdiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˋ ㄉㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānxìdiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˋ ㄉㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guansìdiào
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-hsi$^4$-tiao$^4$
*** Yale: gwān-syì-dyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanshihdiaw
*** Palladius: гуаньсидяо (guanʹsidjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

關係調
* relative key
# memelayukan
## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of Melayu +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mə.mə.la.ju.kan]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Hyphenation: me‧me‧la‧yu‧kan

### Verb

memelayukan (Jawi spelling مملايوکن)
* Formal active of melayukan (“to translate into Malay; to Malayize”).
# АТ
## Ukrainian
### Noun

АТ • (AT)
* (business, law) Initialism of акціонерне товариство (akcionerne tovarystvo).
* (law) JSC
# adulation
## English
### Etymology

From French adulation, from Latin adulātio (“flattery”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌædʒʊˈleɪʃən/, /ˌædjʊˈleɪʃən/
* (US) IPA: /ˌæd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

adulation (countable and uncountable, plural adulations)
* Flattery; fulsome praise.
    He was uncomfortable with the adulation from his fans.
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter III, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.
** 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 1”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:It is still possible to discuss his place in art, and the adulation of his admirers is perhaps no less capricious than the disparagement of his detractors; [...]
** 2025 January 15, Linda Feldmann, “Outside the DC jail, where Jan. 6 rage and devotion live on”, in The Christian Science Monitor:To law enforcement officers injured in the Jan. 6 mayhem, as well as members of Congress and others present in the Capitol that day who feared for their lives, such adulation for convicted rioters is not only misguided but also anathema to a civilized society.

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:flattery

#### Related terms

* adulate
* adulator
* adulatory

#### Translations
### See also

* admiration
* adoration

### Anagrams

* laudation

## French
### Etymology

From Latin adulātiōnem (“flattery”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.dy.la.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

adulation f (plural adulations)
* adulation

#### Related terms

* aduler
* adulateur

### Further reading

* “adulation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# קמפיין
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From English campaign.

### Noun

קמפיין / קַמְפֵּיְן • (kampéin) m (plural indefinite קמפיינים, singular construct קמפיין־, plural construct קמפייני־)
* A campaign: a marketing campaign, ad campaign, political campaign, or similar.
    קמפיין שיווק ― kampéin shivúk ― a marketing campaign
# ܙܡܝܪܬܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܙ ܡ ܪ
* 2 terms

### Etymology

Compare Biblical Hebrew זְמִירָה (zəmīrɔ̂).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [z(ə)mirtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [z(ə)mirɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܙܡܝܪܬܐ • (zəmīrta) f (plural ܙܡܝܪܬܐ)
* song, chant, hymn, psalm, melody

#### Inflection
### References

* “zmyrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 89b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 117b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 385b
# ܟܫܛܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ܟ ܫ ܛ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaʃtˤɑʔ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [kaʃtˤeʔ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܟܫܛܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܟܫܛܐ)
* Alternative form of ܩܫܬܐ

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ܟ ܫ ܛ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [k(ə)ʃɑtˤɑʔ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [k(ə)ʃɑtˤeʔ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܟܫܛܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܟܫܛܐ)
* shooting arrows, archery
* arrow, shaft, bolt
* (astronomy) shooting star

##### Synonyms

* (archery): ܟܫܛܘܬܐ
* (arrow): ܓܐܪܐ
* (shooting star): ܟܘܟܒܐ ܟܫܛܐ

### Etymology 3

* Root
* ܟ ܫ ܛ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaʃʃɑtˤɑʔ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [kaʃʃɑtˤeʔ] (in the plural)

#### Noun

ܟܫܛܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܟܫܛܐ)
* archer, bowman

##### Inflection
#### Proper noun

ܟܫܛܐ • (transliteration needed) m
* (astrology, astronomy) Sagittarius (constellation and zodiac sign)

### References

* “kšṭ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1895) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), Berlin, Edinburgh: Reuther & Reichard, T. & T. Clark
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press
# ܫܘܚܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* Root
* ܫ ܚ ܬ (š ḥ t)
* 3 terms

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ʃuħtaː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ʃuxta]

### Noun

ܫܘܼܚܬܵܐ • (šuḥtā) f (uncountable)
* rust, aerugo, tarnish, verdigris, patina
* tartar (on teeth), sordes
* dirt, grime, filth
* (figuratively) foulness
* trash, rubbish
* trash can

#### Derived terms

* ܫܘܼܚܬܵܢܵܐ (šuḥtānā, “rusty, dirty”)
** ܡܫܲܚܬܸܢ (mšaḥtin, “to be foul”)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

* Root
* ܫ ܚ ܬ
* 1 term
Compare Akkadian 𒅖𒍏 (/⁠šuḫtu⁠/) and Arabic سُحْت (suḥt).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (singular) [ʃuħtɑ]
* IPA: (plural) [ʃuħte]

### Noun

ܫܘܚܬܐ • (šuḥtā) c (plural ܫܘܚܬܐ (šuḥtē))
* rust, aerugo, tarnish, verdigris, patina
* tartar (on teeth), sordes
* dirt, grime, filth
* venom
* (figuratively) foulness
* (figuratively, pathology) leprosy
    Synonym: ܓܪܒܐ (garəḇā)

### References

* “šwḥtˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 366a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 564b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1524a
# ܒܪܟܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* Root
* ܒ ܪ ܟ (b r k)
* 6 terms

### Etymology 1

From Aramaic בִּרְכָּא (birkā), from Proto-Semitic *birk-; compare Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܟܐ (burkā), Arabic رُكْبَة (rukba), Hebrew בֶּרֶךְ (béreḵ).

#### Alternative forms

* (rare) ܒܘܼܪܟܵܐ (burkā)

#### Pronunciation

* (Iraqi Koine) IPA: [ˈbɪɾ.cʰä]
* (Ashiret, Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ˈbɪɾ.kʰä]
* (Urmia) IPA: [ˈbɪɾ.t͡çʰɒ]

#### Noun

ܒܸܪܟܵܐ • (birkā) f (plural ܒܸܪ̈ܟܵܟܹܐ (birkākē) or ܒܘܼܪ̈ܟܵܬ݂ܵܐ (burkāṯā))
* (anatomy) knee

##### Derived terms

* ܒܵܪܹܟ (bārēk, “to kneel”)

### Etymology 2

From Northern Kurdish berx.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ashiret, Nineveh Plains) IPA: [ˈbaɾ.kʰä]

#### Noun

ܒܲܪܟܵܐ • (barkā) m (plural ܒܲܪ̈ܟܹܐ (barkē))
* lamb (young sheep)
    Synonym: ܦܲܐܪܵܐ (paˀrā)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From Arabic بِرْكَة (birka).

#### Alternative forms

* ܒܘܼܪܟܹܐ (burkē)

#### Pronunciation

* (Nineveh Plains, Tkhuma) IPA: [ˈbɪɾ.kʰe]

#### Noun

ܒܸܪܟܹܐ • (birkē) f
* pool, pond
* swimming pool

### References

* “ܒܸܪܟܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 December 8 (last accessed)
* Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܒܸܪܟܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 39b
* Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܒܲܪܟܵܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 39b
* Maclean, Arthur John (1901) “ܒܘܼܪܟܹܐ”, in Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac as Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia and the Plain of Mosul, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 28a

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

* Root
* ܒ ܪ ܟ
* 2 terms
Compare Arabic بَرَكَة (baraka), Hebrew בְּרָכָה (bərāḵâ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Edessan) IPA: [b(ə.)ˈrɑ.xɑ]
* (Eastern Syriac) IPA: [ˈbrɑ.xɑ]
* (Western Syriac) IPA: [ˈbro.xo]

### Noun

ܒܪܟܐ • (bərāḵā) m(uncountable)
* genuflection
* blessing, benediction

#### Inflection
### References

* “brk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-08-29
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 38a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 56a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 190a

## Turoyo
### Etymology

from Proto-Semitic *birk-.

### Noun

ܒܰܪܟܳܐ • (barko) f (plural ܒܰܪ̈ܟܳܬ̣ܶܐ (barkoṭe))
* (anatomy) knee
# ܓܡܘܪܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

* Root
* ܓ ܡ ܪ
* 2 terms
Compare Akkadian 𒄖𒈠𒊒 (/⁠gumāru⁠/) and Arabic جَمْرَة (jamra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡ(ə)murtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡumre], [ɡ(ə)murɑθɑ], [ɡ(ə)murjɑθɑ] (plural)

### Noun

ܓܡܘܪܬܐ • (gmurtā) f (plural ܓܡܘܪܝܬܐ or ܓܡܘܪܬܐ or ܓܘܡܪܐ)
* coal (especially live coal)
* hot volcanic rock
* (in the plural, pathology) ulcer, carbuncle; pox, anthrax
* (Christianity) Eucharist, host, wafer

#### Usage notes

The plurals ܓܡܘܪܬܐ and ܓܡܘܪܝܬܐ are used for the sense of "Eucharist" while the plural ܓܘܡܪܐ is used for other senses.

#### Inflection
### References

* “gwmrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 50a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 72a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 240b
# ܛܦ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

* Root
* ܛ ܘ ܦ
* 1 term
Compare Hebrew צָף (ṣāp̄).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tˤɑf]

### Verb

ܛܦ • (transliteration needed)
* to float
# ܒܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܒ ܛ ܠ
* 3 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bav(ə)tˤiluθɑ]

### Adverb

ܒܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ • (baḇəṭīlūṯā)
* carefully, diligently

### References

* “bṭylw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 66b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 41b
# ܡܣܘܟܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ܢ ܣ ܟ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [massuːxɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [massuːxe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܡܣܘܟܐ • (massūḵā) m (plural ܡܣܘܟܐ (massūḵē))
* torrent, downspout, cataract

##### Inflection
#### References

* “mswk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 434a

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɑsuːxɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [mɑsuːxe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܡܣܘܟܐ • (māsūḵā) m (plural ܡܣܘܟܐ (māsūḵē))
* Alternative reconstruction of ܡܝܣܘܟܐ (maysūkā)

##### Inflection
#### References

* Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 64 Nr. 163
* Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 121 Nr. 352
# קולמוס
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From Latin culmus or Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”), compare Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

### Noun

קולמוס / קֻלְמוּס • (kulmus) m
* a quill, reed pen, or metal dip pen
** a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 106a:זָכָה קָנֶה לִיטּוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ קֻלְמוּס לִכְתּוֹב מִמֶּנּוּ ס"ת נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים.Zakhá kané littól mimménu kulmús likhtóv mimménu sifréi toráh n'vi'ím u-kh'tuvímThe reed merited to have taken from it a quill, to write from it Torah scrolls, prophetic books, and hagiographa.

#### Hypernyms

* עֵט ('ét)