# 梅雨
## Chinese

* 梅雨 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 梅雨 (Cantonese)
* Mòi-yí (Hakka)
* 梅雨 (Wu)
* East Asian rainy season (English)

### Etymology

Refers to the season when fruits of Prunus mume ripen.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méiyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^4$ jyu$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòi-yí
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): mûi-ú / bôe-í
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méiyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méiyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: méi-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiyeu
*** Palladius: мэйюй (mɛjjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$梅雨 眉宇
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^4$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: mùih yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^4$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^4$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²¹ jyː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: moi$^ˇ$ i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: moi$^2$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹ i³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: moi$^ˇ$ (r)i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: moi$^2$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹ (j)i³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-ú
*** Tâi-lô: muî-ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mui'uo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ u⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² u⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ u⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-í
*** Tâi-lô: buê-í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boe'ie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² i⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: mwoj hjuX
Rime :
| Character | 梅 | 雨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 莫杯切 | 王矩切 |
| Baxter | mwoj | hjuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muʌi/ | /ɦɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muoi/ | /ɦio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɒi/ | /ɣio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwəj/ | /ɦuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /muᴀi/ | /ɣio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /muɒi/ | /ɣĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ̆i/ | /i̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méi | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mui$^4$ | jyu$^5$ |

### Noun

梅雨
* Meiyu (the East Asian rainy season)
    From: Bai Juyi (白居易), c. 9th century. 《和夢得夏至憶蘇州呈盧賓客》
    Luòxià màiqiū yuè, jiāngnán méiyǔ tiān. [Pinyin]
    The early-summer moon lights Luoyang's fields, when Jiangnan is overcast with plum-rain.
    From: Various editors. c. 13th century. A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu (《朱子語類》)
    Méiyǔ, xīliú zhǎng shèng, xiānshēng fúbìng wǎng guān. [Pinyin]
    It was the summer rainy season; streams were overflowing. Master Zhu, despite illness, went out to watch the flood.
* rain that falls during the Meiyu season; summer rain

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 黃酸仔雨／黄酸仔雨, 黃酸雨／黄酸雨
* (Wu) 黃梅雨／黄梅雨

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 梅(ばい)雨(う) (baiu)
* → Korean: 매우(梅雨) (mae'u)

#### See also

* 夏糜

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 梅 | 雨 |
| つゆ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 梅雨 (kyūjitai) 黴雨
First attested in the mid-Muromachi period.
Derivation unclear, likely theories include:
* May be cognate with 露 (tsuyu, “dew, dewdrop”), from the way the rainy season causes everything to be covered in drops that may look like dew. However, the pitch accent differs, as 露 (tsuyu) has either an 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) or 尾高型 (odaka-gata) pattern, while 梅雨 (tsuyu) has a 平板型 (heiban-gata) pattern.
* Alternatively, may be cognate with classical verb 熟ゆ (tsuyu, modern 熟える (tsueru), “to become ripe”), as plums ripen during the rainy season. In light of the pitch accent and semantics, this derivation appears more likely.
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 梅雨 (méiyǔ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つゆ [tsùyú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨjɯ̟]

#### Noun

梅雨(つゆ) • (tsuyu)
* the East Asian rainy season (from early June to early/mid-July)
    Synonym: 五月雨 (samidare)

##### Derived terms

* 梅雨上(つゆあ)がり (tsuyuagari)
* 梅雨明(つゆあ)け (tsuyuake)
* 梅雨入(つゆい)り (tsuyuiri)
* 梅雨(つゆ)型(がた) (tsuyugata)
* 梅雨(つゆ)曇(ぐも)り (tsuyugumori)
* 梅雨(つゆ)寒(ざむ) (tsuyuzamu)
* 梅雨(つゆ)空(ぞら) (tsuyuzora)
* 梅雨(つゆ)茸(たけ) (tsuyutake)
* 梅雨(つゆ)時(どき) (tsuyudoki)
* 梅雨(つゆ)の入(い)り (tsuyu no iri)
* 梅雨(つゆ)の戻(もど)り (tsuyu no modori)
* 梅雨晴(つゆば)れ (tsuyubare)
* 梅雨冷(つゆび)え (tsuyubie)
* 蝦夷(えぞ)梅雨(つゆ) (Ezo tsuyu)
* 送(おく)り梅雨(づゆ) (okurizuyu)
* 返(かえ)り梅雨(づゆ) (kaerizuyu)
* 空(から)梅雨(つゆ) (karatsuyu)
* 黄梅雨(きつゆ) (kitsuyu)
* 筍(たけのこ)梅雨(づゆ) (takenoko-zuyu)
* 照(て)り梅雨(つゆ) (teritsuyu)
* 菜(な)種(たね)梅雨(づゆ) (natanezuyu)
* 残(のこ)り梅雨(づゆ) (nokorizuyu)
* 戻(もど)り梅雨(づゆ) (modorizuyu)

##### Idioms

* 梅雨(つゆ)の中休(なかやす)み (tsuyu no nakayasumi)
* 梅雨(つゆ)の走(はし)り (tsuyu no hashiri), 走(はし)り梅雨(づゆ) (hashirizuyu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 梅 | 雨 |
| ばい Grade: 4 | う Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spellings
* 梅雨 (kyūjitai) 黴雨
From Middle Chinese compound 梅雨 (MC mwoj hjuX), in poetic reference to the season when plums grow or ripen.
Alternatively, the 黴雨 spelling may have been the original spelling. This is homophonous in Middle Chinese, and literally means “mold + rain”, in reference to how moldy things get during this season of constant humidity.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばいう [báꜜìù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ba̠iɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

梅(ばい)雨(う) • (baiu)
* the East Asian rainy season (from early June to early/mid-July)
    Synonym: 五月雨 (samidare)

##### Derived terms

* 梅(ばい)雨(う)前線(ぜんせん) (baiu zensen)
* 梅(ばい)雨(う)末(まっ)期(き)豪(ごう)雨(う) (baiu makki gōu)

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 梅 | 雨 |

### Noun

梅雨 • (mae'u) (hangeul 매우)
* hanja form of 매우 (“East Asian rainy season”)