# 円

| 円 | U+5186, &#20870; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186 |
| ← 内 [U+5185] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冇 → [U+5187] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 圓 |
| Shinjitai | 円 |
| Simplified | 圆 |

### Han character

円 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition ⿵冂丄 or ⿵冂亠)

#### Derived characters

* 靑, 𦱫, 𣪗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
* Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 18
* Unihan data for U+5186

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 圓).

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 円(えん) (en).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuán, rìyuán (yuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ, ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jen$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnioe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rìyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rìhyuán
*** Wade–Giles: jih$^4$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: r̀-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryhyuan
*** Palladius: жиюань (žijuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jen$^1$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛːn⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnioe
*** MiniDict: nyoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/

#### Definitions

円
* Synonym of 日元 (rìyuán, “Japanese yen”)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 日元, 日圓, 日幣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老日 argot |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 日元, 日幣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 日幣, 日元 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 日元, yen, 日本yen, 日yen, 日本紙 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 日票 |

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 円 |
| Kyūjitai | 圓 |

### Glyph origin

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.
Specifically, starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, the 員 in the middle of the character was abbreviated to 丨 in handwriting. As time went on, the bottom stroke of 囗 gradually rose, until by the time of the adoption of the shinjitai characters, it had reached or even surpassed the box's centre.

### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 圓)
* circle
* yen

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kun: つぶら (tsubura, 円ら)、つぶらか (tsuburaka, 円らか)、まと (mato)、まどか (madoka, 円か)、まどやか (madoyaka, 円やか)、まる (maru, 円)、まるい (marui, 円い, Jōyō)、まるめる (marumeru, 円める)、まろ (maro, 円)、まろい (maroi, 円い)、まろかす (marokasu, 円かす)、まろかる (marokaru, 円かる)、まろぐ (marogu, 円ぐ)、まろむ (maromu, 円む)、まろめる (maromeru, 円める)、まろやか (maroyaka, 円やか)、まろらか (maroraka, 円らか)
* Nanori: つぶら (tsubura)、のぶ (nobu)、まどか (madoka)、みつ (mitsu)

#### Compounds

* 円(まど)居(い) (madoi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 円
* えん Grade: 1
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 圓 (kyūjitai)
/wen/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC zjwen|hjwen), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".
The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese 圓 / 圆 (yuán), itself from 銀圓 / 银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”). Doublet of 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), ユアン (yuan, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ウォン (won, “won (Korean currency)”).
The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

円(えん) • (en)
* a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
* (mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)
    Synonym: 円周 (enshū)
* yen
    one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)
    Synonym: 円貨 (enka)
** 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:
    一(いち)億(おく)円(えん)⁉いらん帰(かえ)れ一(いっ)千(せん)万(まん)円(えん)でいい　百(ひゃく)万(まん)円(えん)！十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)！一(いち)万(まん)円(えん)！
       Ichioku-en⁉ Iran kaere
       100 million yen!? Get outta here!
       Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!
       Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!

##### Derived terms

* (circle):
** 円(えん)軌(き)道(どう) (en kidō)
** 円(えん)グラフ (en-gurafu, “pie chart”)
** 外(がい)接(せつ)円(えん) (gaisetsuen)
** 四(し)分(ぶん)円(えん) (shibun-en)
** 内(ない)接(せつ)円(えん) (naisetsuen)
** 大(だい)円(えん) (daien)
** 同(どう)心(しん)円(えん) (dōshin'en)
** 半(はん)円(えん) (han'en)
* (yen):
** 円(えん)高(だか) (endaka, “strong yen”)
** 円(えん)安(やす) (en'yasu, “weak yen”)
** 円(えん)為(かわ)替(せ) (en-kawase, “yen exchange”)
** 円(えん)価(か) (enka, “yen value”)
** 円(えん)貨(か) (enka)
** 円(えん)記(き)号(ごう) (en kigō, the yen symbol, ¥)
** 円(えん)借(しゃっ)款(かん) (en shakkan)
** 円(えん)相(そう)場(ば) (en sōba, “yen exchange rate”)
** 円(えん)建(だ)て (en-date)

##### Descendants

* → Chinese: 円
* → English: yen
** → Vietnamese: yên
* → French: yen
* → German: Yen
* → Greek: γιεν (gien)
* → Korean: 엔 (en)
* → Portuguese: iene
* → Russian: иена (ijena)
* → Thai: เยน (yeen)

##### See also
#### Affix

円(えん) • (en)
* circular; round
* smooth; harmonious
* yen: the official currency of Japan

##### Derived terms

* 円(えん)運(うん)動(どう) (en undō, “circular motion”)
* 円(えん)蓋(がい) (engai, “dome”)
* 円(えん)滑(かつ) (enkatsu)
* 円(えん)罐(かま) (enkama)
* 円(えん)環(かん) (enkan)
* 円(えん)規(き) (enki, “compass (drawing tool)”)
* 円(えん)丘(きゅう) (enkyū)
* 円(えん)鏡(きょう) (enkyō)
* 円(えん)形(けい) (enkei)
* 円(えん)弧(こ) (enko)
* 円(えん)光(こう) (enkō)
* 円(えん)寂(じゃく) (enjaku)
* 円(えん)周(しゅう) (enshū, “circle”)
* 円(えん)熟(じゅく) (enjuku)
* 円(えん)心(しん) (enshin)
* 円(えん)陣(じん) (enjin)
* 円(えん)錐(すい) (ensui)
* 円(えん)窓(そう) (ensō)
* 円(えん)卓(たく) (entaku)
* 円(えん)柱(ちゅう) (enchū)
* 円(えん)虫(ちゅう)類(るい) (enchūrui)
* 円(えん)頂(ちょう) (enchō)
* 円(えん)転(てん) (enten)
* 円(えん)筒(とう) (entō)
* 円(えん)盤(ばん) (enban)
* 円(えん)舞(ぶ) (enbu)
* 円(えん)墳(ぷん) (enpun)
* 円(えん)偏(へん)光(こう) (en henkō)
* 円(えん)本(ぽん) (Enpon)
* 円(えん)満(まん) (enman)
* 円(えん)顱(ろ) (enro)
* 一(いち)円(えん) (ichien)
* 団(だん)円(えん) (dan'en)
* 楕(だ)円(えん), 橢(だ)円(えん) (daen), 長(ちょう)円(えん) (chōen, “oval, ellipse”)
* 方(ほう)円(えん) (hōen)
* 遊(ゆう)動(どう)円(えん)木(ぼく) (yūdōenboku)
* 卵(らん)円(えん)孔(こう) (ran'enkō)

#### Proper noun

円(えん) • (En)
* a surname
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 円
* まろ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 圓 (kyūjitai)
⟨maro$_2$⟩ → /maro/
From Old Japanese.

#### Noun

円(まろ) • (maro)
* (archaic) Alternative spelling of 丸 (“roundness, plumpness”)

##### Derived terms

* 円(まろ)し (maroshi), 円(まろ)い (maroi, “round”)
* 円(まろ)み (maromi)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 円
* まる Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 圓 (kyūjitai)
/maro/ → /maru/
Sound shift from maro above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まる [màrú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠ɾɯ̟]

#### Noun

円(まる) • (maru)
* Alternative spelling of 丸 (“circle”)

##### Derived terms

* 円(まる)し (marushi), 円(まる)い (marui, “round”)
* 円(まる)み (marumi)
* 円(まる)顔(がお) (marugao)
* 円(まる)鏡(かがみ) (marukagami)
* 円(まる)形(がた), 円(まる)型(がた) (marugata)
* 円(まる)鉋(がんな) (maruganna)
* 円(まる)錐(ぎり) (marugiri)
* 円(まる)天(てん)井(じょう) (maru tenjō)
* 円(まる)刃(ば) (maruba)
* 円(マル)花(ハナ)蜂(バチ) (maru-hanabachi, “bumblebee”)
* 円(まる)盆(ぼん) (marubon)
* 円(まる)窓(まど) (marumado)
* 円(まる)屋(や)根(ね) (maruyane, “cupola”)
* 黒(くろ)円(まる) (kuromaru)

#### Prefix

円(まる) • (maru-)
* Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to numbers remaining constant
* Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

#### Proper noun

円(まる) • (Maru)
* a unisex given name

### Etymology 4

Various nanori readings.

#### Proper noun

円(のどか) or 円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まろか) or 円(みつ) or 円(めぐる) • (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru)
* a female given name

#### Proper noun

円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まとめ) • (Tsubura or Madoka or Matome)
* a surname

#### Proper noun

円(まろし) • (Maroshi)
* a unisex given name

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 円
* つぶら Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 圓 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see the following entry. :
| 【つぶら】 | [adjective] (endearing) round Alternative spelling 円ら |
(This term, 円, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

* Hanja in this term
* 円

### Hanja

円 (eum 엔 (en))
* hanja for names

#### Usage notes

This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

### References

* ↑ 인명용 한자표
* ↑ 엔, 한자사전

## Vietnamese
### Han character

円: Hán Nôm readings: viên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.