# 飴

| 飴 | U+98F4, &#39156; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98F4 |
| ← 飳 [U+98F3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 飵 → [U+98F5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

飴 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+5, 13 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 人戈戈口 (OIIR), four-corner 8376$_0$, composition ⿰飠台(GJT) or ⿰𩙿台(JK))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1418, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44080
* Dae Jaweon: page 1942, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4449, character 9
* Unihan data for U+98F4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yí (yi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yí
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$
*** Yale: yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$
*** Yale: yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
*** Tâi-lô: î
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
* Middle Chinese: yi
Rime :
| Character | 飴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與之切 |
| Baxter | yi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /iə/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 飴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12297 |
| Phonetic component | 台 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 飴 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯ/ |

#### Definitions

飴
* syrup or candy made from malt or rice
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhōuyuán wǔwǔ, jǐn tú rú yí. [Pinyin]
    The plain of Zhou looked beautiful and rich, With its violets and sowthistles [sweet] as dumplings.
* a kind of soft candy
* (obsolete) sweet and delicious food
* very sweet

#### Compounds

* 以飴沃釜 / 以饴沃釜
* 含飴弄孫 / 含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
* 甘之如飴 / 甘之如饴 (gānzhīrúyí)
* 甘之若飴 / 甘之若饴
* 甘死如飴 / 甘死如饴 (gānsǐrúyí)
* 視死如飴 / 视死如饴
* 飴糖 / 饴糖 (yítáng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sì (si$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sì
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
*** Palladius: сы (sy)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹/

#### Definitions

飴
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼 / 饲 (sì)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 飴󠄂 飴+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 飴 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)、じ (ji)
* Kan-on: い (i)、し (shi)
* Kun: あめ (ame, 飴)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 飴
* あめ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あめ [àmé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠me̞]

### Noun

飴(あめ) • (ame)
* candy
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 4, page 53:飴 設文云、飴、音恰阿女○昌平本下總本有和名二字與釋日本紀引此合本草和名𥹋糖、新撰字鏡、餳饊糖、古本餔、皆訓阿女按阿女與甘同語神武紀、飴訓多加禰(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* 飴玉(あめだま) (amedama)
* 千歳飴(ちとせあめ) (chitose ame)
* 喉飴(のどあめ) (nodo ame)
* 鼈甲飴(べっこあめ) (bekko ame)
* 水飴(みずあめ) (mizuame)
* 林檎飴(りんごあめ) (ringo ame)
* 綿飴(わたあめ) (watāme)

### References

* Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

飴: Hán Nôm readings: di
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation