# kel
## Cypriot Arabic

* Root
* '-k-l
* 4 terms

### Etymology

Inherited from Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).

### Verb

kel I (present pkyakol)
* to eat
* to wear down

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 142

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛl]
* Hyphenation: kel
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kel, from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

#### Noun

kel m inan
* tusk

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Related to older klí (“embryo, germ”).

#### Noun

kel m inan or f
* (obsolete, botany) embryo, germ
    Synonyms: klíček, embryo, klík (obsolete), klíč (rare)

##### Derived terms

* klíček

### Further reading

* “kel”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kel”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kel”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
* František Št. Kott (1878) “kel”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 684

## Danish
### Etymology

From German Kehle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /keːl/, [kʰeːˀl]

### Noun

kel c (singular definite kelen, plural indefinite kele)
* hollow moulding, cavetto
* valley

#### Inflection
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛl]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kel
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Ugric *kälä-, possibly derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kälä- (“to ford”). Akin to Northern Mansi ква̄луӈкве (kvāluňkve, “to rise”).

#### Alternative forms

* kél (archaic, except in some phrases like lába kél)

#### Verb

kel
* (obsolete) come and go, get about (to transport oneself from place to place)
* (intransitive) to get up, rise (from sleep; occasionally more broadly from a lying or sitting position)
    Synonyms: felkel, feláll
* (intransitive, of the sun or moon) to rise
    Synonym: felkel
* (intransitive, of a seedling) to sprout, shoot, bud, germinate
    Synonyms: sarjad, kibújik
* (intransitive, of a young bird or insect) to hatch (to be hatched)
* (intransitive, cooking, of dough) to rise
* (intransitive, figuratively, in expressions) to start, set off, take off
    Synonyms: kezd, indul, (in expressions) ered
* (intransitive, figuratively, archaic or poetic) to rise, arise (chiefly of emotions, their outward expressions, or natural forces like wind)
    Synonyms: keletkezik, kezdődik, támad
* (intransitive, marketing, chiefly after adverbs) to be sought-after, in demand
    Synonyms: kelendő, eladható, kapós, keresett, fogy
* (intransitive, of a piece of writing) to be dated (only in the past tense)
    Synonyms: íródik, létrejön

##### Derived terms

* kelendő
* keleszt
* keletkezik
* keletlen
* kelt
* költ
* jár-kel
(With verbal prefixes):
* átkel
* egybekel
* elkel
* felkel
* kikel
* megkel
* összekel
* birokra kel
* életre kel
* ki korán kel, aranyat lel
* lába kel
* szárnyra kel
* útra kel
* versenyre kel
* védelmére kel

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).

#### Noun

kel (plural kelek)
* Savoy cabbage
    Synonym: kelkáposzta
* (in phrases and compounds) a type of Brassica (cabbage and similar plants), including kale, cauliflower, napa cabbage, and Brussels sprout
    Hyponyms: fodros kel, kínai kel

##### Derived terms

* kelbimbó
* kelkáposzta
* kelvirág
* bimbós kel
* fodros kel
* kínai kel

### References

* ↑ Entry #259 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ kel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (to get up, to rise): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (Savoy cabbage): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese aquilo.

### Pronoun

kel
* that

## Northern Kurdish
### Noun

kel f
* thing
* heat

## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* keł (alternative writing)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈkɛɫ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈkɛl/

### Noun

kel m inan
* tusk
* culm (?)

#### Descendants

* Czech: kel

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kel”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old French
### Contraction

kel
* contraction of ke le (that it)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kel]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).

#### Noun

kel m inan (relational adjective kelový)
* savoy

##### Derived terms

* do kelu

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

#### Noun

kel m inan (relational adjective klový)
* tusk

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “kel”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Sranan Tongo
### Noun

kel
* guy, dude
** c. 1950, Sophie Redmond, “Datra Papa [A doctor's father]”, in Thea Doelwijt, editor, Kri, kra! Proza van Suriname [Kri, kra! Prose from Suriname]‎, Paramaribo: Bureau Volkslectuur, published 1972, page 115:Nana: Misi libi mi nanga tori foe Frits p'pa; efi mi prakseri fa mi lasi na beste ten foe mi libi, nanga na kel.Nana: Madam, let me be with the matter of Frits's dad. If I just think about how I waisted the best years of my life with that guy...
** 1985, Paul Marlee, Proefkonijn‎, Paramaribo: Uitgeverij De Volksboekwinkel, →ISBN, page 99:‘Blub, hik, sorry man, ei Arnie, pe y' ben de yongu, m' e suk' i no moer man; pe a meid Sastro de man, mi lob' a sma, yongu, wan f' den kel go vandoor nang' a sma k'ba natuurlijk. (...)’'Glub, hiccup, sorry, man, hey Arnie, where have you been, man, I've been looking all over for you; where's that girl Sastro, man, I love that girl, man, one of the guys already went off with her, obviously. (...)'

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: kill

## Swedish
### Etymology

Deverbal from kela

### Noun

kel n
* (colloquial) cuddling, petting

#### Declension
### References

* kel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish كل (kel, “bald”), from Persian کل (kal, “bald”). Cognate to kelle (“head”) and ultimately to Latin calvus (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈcæl/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

kel
* bald

#### Synonyms

* dazlak

#### Related terms

* kelle
* kellik
* kelleşmek

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: chel

## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | кел‍ |
| Latin | kel‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |

### Pronunciation

* (Uzbekistani standard) IPA: /kɛl/, [k̟ɛl]
* (Khorazm dialect) IPA: /ɡæl/
* Hyphenation: kel

### Verb

kel
* second-person singular informal imperative of kelmoq

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lequel (“which”).

### Pronoun

kel
* (relative) who
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:Utan, kel lugon, binon lugan.A person who lies is a liar.
* (relative) which
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:Buk, keli elegivol obe, binon jönik.The book that you have given to me is beautiful.
** 1938, “Pö yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:Volapük eprogedon nog no mödiko, e nog ai go no labülon pladi, kel demü patöfs sublimik okik duton lü on.Volapük has not yet made great progress, and is far from occupying the place it deserves due to its its superior qualities.

#### Declension

* Note: This word is declined to match the function it plays in its subordinate clause, not to match the declension of the noun it modifies.

## Wolof
### Noun

kel (definite form kel gi)
* Grewia bicolor

## Yetfa
### Noun

kel
* water

### References

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 122

## Zou
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *keel, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *keel.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kel˧˩/

#### Noun

kèl
* goat

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei and Mizo kal.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəl˧/

#### Noun

kel
* kidney

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaal.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəl˧/

#### Verb

kel
* (transitive) to climb

##### Derived terms

* ekel

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 46, 81