# -ton
## English
### Alternative forms

* -tone
* -town

### Etymology

From Middle English -ton, -tone, -tune, from Old English -tūn, derived from Old English tūn (“town”). Doublet of town.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tən/, [tn̩]

### Suffix

-ton
* Place-name suffix, originally denoting a town or enclosure of buildings.
    Washington
* (mathematics, bridge) A set of specific objects or persons.
    singleton

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* Not., Ont, not., NTO, TNO, Not, NOT, not, Ont., ONT, on't

## Classical Nahuatl
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-toːn/, [-toːn̥]

### Suffix

-tōn (plural -totōn)
* (appended to nouns) a diminutive suffix; forms nouns denoting smallness, and rarely insignificance.

#### Usage notes

* The diminutive element -tōn is inserted between the noun stem and the absolutive or possessive ending if there is one.
* The suffix -tōn takes the plural form -totōn(tin), undergoing reduplication plus the addition of the plural suffix -tin.
       piltōntli (“small child”) → pīpiltotōntin (“small children”)
* If the stem does not take an absolutive suffix (i.e. -tli and its assimilated forms, -tl and -li), the resulting diminutive does not either, and -tin is omitted in the plural.
       chichitōn (“small dog”) → chichitotōn (“small dogs”)
* The same can also happen with nouns taking the absolutive -in.
       quimichin (“mouse”) → quimichtōn (“small mouse”), but citlālin (“star”) → citlāltōntli (“small star”)

#### Synonyms

* (diminutive affix): -pīl, tepitōn, -tzin

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “augmentative affix”): huēyi, -pōl

#### Derived terms
### References

* Frances Karttunen (1992) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, University of Oklahoma Press, page 247
* James Lockhart (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford University Press, page 240

## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* -toin (archaic or dialectal)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin (compare Estonian -tu), from Proto-Uralic *-ktama (compare Northern Sami -heapme and Moksha -фтома (-ftoma), Erzya -(в)томо (-(v)tomo), Udmurt -тэм (-tem)).

### Suffix

-ton (front vowel harmony variant -tön, linguistic notation -tOn)
* Indicates lack of something; -less, un-, in-, non-, -free.
    ‎aika (“time”) + ‎-ton → ‎ajaton (“timeless”)
    ‎järki (“sense”) + ‎-ton → ‎järjetön (“senseless”)
    ‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-ton → ‎mauton (“tasteless”)
    ‎ääri (“border”) + ‎-ton → ‎ääretön (“infinite”)
    ‎suola (“salt”) + ‎-ton → ‎suolaton (“unsalted”)
    ‎maito (“milk”) + ‎-ton → ‎maidoton (“nondairy”)
    ‎syy (“reason, blame”) + ‎-ton → ‎syytön (“innocent”)

#### Usage notes

Added to the genitive singular (weak grade) stem.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of -ton (Kotus type 34*C/onneton, tt-t gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttomani
-ttomani
accusative
nom.
-ttomani
-ttomani
gen.
-ttomani
genitive
-ttomani
-ttomieni -tonteni $^{rare}$
partitive
-tontani
-ttomiani
inessive
-ttomassani
-ttomissani
elative
-ttomastani
-ttomistani
illative
-ttomaani
-ttomiini
adessive
-ttomallani
-ttomillani
ablative
-ttomaltani
-ttomiltani
allative
-ttomalleni
-ttomilleni
essive
-ttomanani
-ttominani
translative
-ttomakseni
-ttomikseni
abessive
-ttomattani
-ttomittani
instructive
comitative
—-ttomineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttomasi
-ttomasi
accusative
nom.
-ttomasi
-ttomasi
gen.
-ttomasi
genitive
-ttomasi
-ttomiesi -tontesi $^{rare}$
partitive
-tontasi
-ttomiasi
inessive
-ttomassasi
-ttomissasi
elative
-ttomastasi
-ttomistasi
illative
-ttomaasi
-ttomiisi
adessive
-ttomallasi
-ttomillasi
ablative
-ttomaltasi
-ttomiltasi
allative
-ttomallesi
-ttomillesi
essive
-ttomanasi
-ttominasi
translative
-ttomaksesi
-ttomiksesi
abessive
-ttomattasi
-ttomittasi
instructive
comitative
—-ttominesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttomamme
-ttomamme
accusative
nom.
-ttomamme
-ttomamme
gen.
-ttomamme
genitive
-ttomamme
-ttomiemme -tontemme $^{rare}$
partitive
-tontamme
-ttomiamme
inessive
-ttomassamme
-ttomissamme
elative
-ttomastamme
-ttomistamme
illative
-ttomaamme
-ttomiimme
adessive
-ttomallamme
-ttomillamme
ablative
-ttomaltamme
-ttomiltamme
allative
-ttomallemme
-ttomillemme
essive
-ttomanamme
-ttominamme
translative
-ttomaksemme
-ttomiksemme
abessive
-ttomattamme
-ttomittamme
instructive
comitative
—-ttominemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttomanne
-ttomanne
accusative
nom.
-ttomanne
-ttomanne
gen.
-ttomanne
genitive
-ttomanne
-ttomienne -tontenne $^{rare}$
partitive
-tontanne
-ttomianne
inessive
-ttomassanne
-ttomissanne
elative
-ttomastanne
-ttomistanne
illative
-ttomaanne
-ttomiinne
adessive
-ttomallanne
-ttomillanne
ablative
-ttomaltanne
-ttomiltanne
allative
-ttomallenne
-ttomillenne
essive
-ttomananne
-ttominanne
translative
-ttomaksenne
-ttomiksenne
abessive
-ttomattanne
-ttomittanne
instructive
comitative
—-ttominenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttomansa
-ttomansa
accusative
nom.
-ttomansa
-ttomansa
gen.
-ttomansa
genitive
-ttomansa
-ttomiensa -tontensa $^{rare}$
partitive
-tontaan -tontansa
-ttomiaan -ttomiansa
inessive
-ttomassaan -ttomassansa
-ttomissaan -ttomissansa
elative
-ttomastaan -ttomastansa
-ttomistaan -ttomistansa
illative
-ttomaansa
-ttomiinsa
adessive
-ttomallaan -ttomallansa
-ttomillaan -ttomillansa
ablative
-ttomaltaan -ttomaltansa
-ttomiltaan -ttomiltansa
allative
-ttomalleen -ttomallensa
-ttomilleen -ttomillensa
essive
-ttomanaan -ttomanansa
-ttominaan -ttominansa
translative
-ttomakseen -ttomaksensa
-ttomikseen -ttomiksensa
abessive
-ttomattaan -ttomattansa
-ttomittaan -ttomittansa
instructive
comitative
—-ttomineen -ttominensa :

#### Antonyms

* -llinen

#### Derived terms
### See also

* -maton

### Anagrams

* -nto

## Swedish
### Suffix

-ton
* -teen (suffix for the numbers 13 to 19)

#### Derived terms

* tonår
See also the translations for thirteen to nineteen.