# جرجر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Reduplicated from the root ج ر ر (j r r), related to dragging; presumably borrowed from Aramaic, already in the Peshitta ܓܪܓܪܐ (gargərā), absolute state ܓܪܓܪ (gargar, “drag, sledge”), from the root ܓ ܪ ܪ related to dragging.

#### Noun

جَرْجَر • (jarjar) m (singular only, countable through آلَة (ʔāla))
* thresher, threshing sledge, an implement of wood in which there are revolving axles dragged along by beasts for crushing the corn
    Synonyms: نَوْرَج (nawraj), طِرْبِيل (ṭirbīl), مِدْرَسَة (midrasa), دَرَّاسَة (darrāsa)
** 2013 November 17, “آلة "الجرجر".. حصادة الماضي البعيد [The threshing sledge – the mower of yore]”, in eSyria‎, archived from the original on 2018-04-21:

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: ջառջառ (ǰaṙǰaṙ), ջարջառ (ǰarǰaṙ), ջյառջյառ (ǰyaṙǰyaṙ), ջարջար (ǰarǰar), ճառճառ (čaṙčaṙ) — Western Armenian orthography
** → Russian: джарджар (džardžar)
* → Azerbaijani: carcar
** → Russian: джарджар (džardžar)
* Kurdish: (perhaps)
** → Northern Kurdish: cencer, cencere, cercer, cer̄cer̄, cercere
** → Central Kurdish: جەنجەڕ (cencerr)
** → Southern Kurdish: جەنجەڕ (cencerr)
* → Turkish: carcar, cercer, cancar

#### Verb

جَرْجَرَ • (jarjara) Iq (non-past يُجَرْجِرُ (yujarjiru), verbal noun جَرْجَرَة (jarjara))
* to drag along, to haul
** p. 700, a forger of Imruʾ al-Qays, سما لكَ شوقٌ بعدما كان أقصر :وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ (var. أَذِينٌ) إِنْ رَجِعْتُ مُمَلَّكٌ / بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الفُرَانِقَ أَزْوَرَا عَلَى لَاحِبٍ لَا يَهْتَدِي بِمَنَارِهِ / إِذَا سَافَهُ الْعَوْدُ النُّبَاطِيُّ (var. دِيَافِيُّ) جَرْجَرَا عَلَى كُلِّ مَقْصُوصِ الذُنَابَى مُعَاوِدٍ / بَرِيدَ السَرَى بِاللَيْلِ مِن خَيْلِ بَرْبَرَاwa-ʔinnī zaʕīmun (var. ʔaḏīnun) ʔin rajiʕtu mumallakun / bi-sayrin tarā minhu l-furāniqa ʔazwarā ʕalā lāḥibin lā yahtadī bi-manāri-hī / ʔiḏā sāfa-hū l-ʕawdu n-nubāṭiyyu (var. diyāfiyyu) jarjarā ʕalā kulli maqṣūṣi ḏ-ḏunābā muʕāwidin / barīda s-sarā bi-l-layli min ḵayli barbarāAnd when I am the leader, back in the kingly rights, I trip so fast that you but see asquint the courier on an open road guided by no waymark, when it is smelled by the Nabataean camel dragging forward on every clipped bird-tail returning nocturnal journey’s mail by night from a horse that whinnied.
** 2016 May 11, “روحاني «يجرجر» واشنطن إلى المحاكم الدولية [Rowhâni “drags” Washington to international courts]”, in RT Arabic‎, archived from the original on 2016-05-12:
** 2019 January 30, “الرميد يجرجر سفيرا سابقا إلى المحكمة [Ar-Ramīd drags a former ambassador to court]”, in Al-Yawm 24‎, archived from the original on 2019-01-30:

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic in origin.

#### Verb

جَرْجَرَ • (jarjara) Iq (non-past يُجَرْجِرُ (yujarjiru), verbal noun جَرْجَرَة (jarjara))
* to gargle, to gurgle, to drink with such a sound, to quaff
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 37:1: = 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 74:60:
    الَّذِي يَشْرَبُ فِي آنِيَةِ الْفِضَّةِ إِنَّمَا يُجَرْجِرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَallaḏī yašrabu fī ʔāniyati l-fiḍḍati ʔinnamā yujarjiru fī baṭni-hī nāra jahannamaHe who drinks from silver vessels quaffs the fire of hell.

##### Conjugation
### Further reading

* Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “cencer”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 87b
* Morgenstierne, Georg (1923) “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, page 265 of 245–284
* “grgr$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–