# wen
## Translingual
### Symbol

wen
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Sorbian languages.

## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: wĕn, IPA: /wɛn/
* Rhymes: -ɛn
* Homophone: when (wine–whine merger)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English wen, wenne, from Old English wenn, wænn (“wen”), from Proto-Germanic *wanjaz. Cognate with Dutch wen (“goiter”), Low German Ween (“wen”), dialectal German Wenne (“wen”), Danish van, væne.

#### Noun

wen (plural wens)
* A cyst on the skin; a tumor or wart.
** 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Country Described. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page [220]:There was a Fellow with a Wen in his Neck, larger than five Woolpacks, and another with a couple of wooden Legs, each about twenty foot high.
** 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, Walden:When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all--looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck--I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry.
** 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:Creeps, foreigners with tinted, oily skin, wens, sties, cysts, wheezes, bad teeth, limps, staring or—worse—with Strange Faraway Smiles.
** 1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 4:I am debating whether to risk scratching the right side of my jaw, where there is a wen.

##### Derived terms

* Great Wen

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Old English wynn.

#### Noun

wen (plural wens)
* Obsolete form of wynn (“the letter ƿ”).

### Etymology 3

Eye dialect spelling of when.

#### Adverb

wen (not comparable)
* (eye dialect) Alternative spelling of when

#### Conjunction

wen
* (eye dialect) Alternative spelling of when

#### Pronoun

wen
* (eye dialect) Alternative spelling of when

#### Noun

wen (uncountable)
* (eye dialect) Alternative spelling of when

### Anagrams

* New, new, new-

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch winnen, from Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛn/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

wen (present wen, present participle wennende, past participle gewen)
* to win

## Belizean Creole
### Conjunction

wen
* when

### References

* Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 371.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɛn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: wen
* Rhymes: -ɛn

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hwannē. Cognate with English when, German wann.

#### Adverb

wen
* (archaic) when
    En ik dacht aan den geur harer bloesems, aan het huiveren harer takken, aan den zang harer vogelen; en ik vroeg mij: wen rieken wij die? (V. Someren, 1822)
       And I thought about the scent of her blossoms, at the shuddering of her branches, at the songs of her birds, and I asked myself: when do we smell these?

#### Conjunction

wen
* (archaic) when
    Daar heb ik wen de vogels vlogen, heimelik in elk nest geschouwd! (L. De Mont, 1880)
       There have I, when the birds flew, looked privily in each nest!

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

wen
* inflection of wennen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

From Old Norse hvern.

### Pronoun

wen
* what

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [veːn]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːn

### Pronoun

wen
* (interrogative) accusative of wer: whom (direct object).
    Wen hast du gefragt?Whom did you ask?

### Further reading

* “wen” in Duden online
* “wen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Gothic
### Romanization

wēn
* Romanization of 𐍅𐌴𐌽

## Ilocano
### Particle

wen
* yes

### Interjection

wen (Abra, Ilocos Sur)
* correct!
* Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism; really
    Synonyms: (Abra) oh, (Cordillera) isu
    A: Awan isudan. B: Ay wen?A: They're no longer here. B: Oh really?

#### Usage notes

* This is usually preceeded by ay.

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English when.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wen/

### Adverb

wen
* when
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 23:7:Dem lov wen piipl gi dem speshal oudi wen dem go a maakit, an wen dem kaal dem, 'Tiicha'.They love [when] people to greet them with respect [when] in the marketplaces, and they love to have people call them 'Teacher'.

### Further reading

* wen at majstro.com

## Japanese
### Romanization

wen
* Rōmaji transcription of ゑん

## Mandarin
### Romanization

wen
* Nonstandard spelling of wēn.
* Nonstandard spelling of wén.
* Nonstandard spelling of wěn.
* Nonstandard spelling of wèn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

wen
* Alternative form of wayn (“wagon”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

wen (uncountable)
* Alternative form of wynne (“happiness”)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

wen
* (Northern) Alternative form of winnen (“to win”)

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* wan (Föhr-Amrum)
* wune, wane, wine (Mooring)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian winna, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną.

### Pronunciation

* (Sylt) IPA: [vɛn]

### Verb

wen
* (Sylt) to win

#### Conjugation
## Northern Kankanay
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ˈwən/ [ˈwɨn]
* Rhymes: -ən
* Syllabification: wen

### Particle

wën
* Clipping of owen.

#### Synonyms

Southern / Central :
| Benguet | Mankayan | aw |
| Benguet | Bakun | aw |
| Benguet | Kapangan | aw |
| Benguet | Kibungan | aw |
| Benguet | Buguias | aw |
| Mt. Province | Tadian | aw |
| Mt. Province | Bauko | aw |
| Mt. Province | Sabangan | aw |
| Northern / Applai |||
| Mt. Province | parts of Tadian | wen, owen |
| Mt. Province | parts of Bauko | wen, owen |
| Mt. Province | Sagada | wen, owen |
| Mt. Province | Besao | wen, owen |
| Mt. Province | parts of Sabangan | wen, owen |

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wēniz, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“love”). Cognate with Old Frisian wen, Old Saxon wan, Old High German wān (German Wahn (“delusion”)), Old Norse ván, Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌽𐍃 (wēns).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /weːn/

### Noun

wēn f
* expectation
* likelihood
* (poetic) hope
* probability
** c. 992, Ælfric, "The Octaves and Circumcision of our Lord"
    Wēn is þæt eower sum nyte hwæt sy ymbsnidennys.It is probable that some of you know not what circumcision is.
** 1000. West Saxon Gospels (John, xvii. 26). Ic him cyðde ðinne naman & gyt wylle cyþan.

#### Declension

Strong i-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: wene, wen
** English: ween
** Scots: wen, wene

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ́nъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /vɛn/
* IPA: (15th CE) /vɛn/

### Adverb

wen
* (attested in Greater Poland) outdoors, outside
** 1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski‎, Greater Poland, pages 30, 15:Gysz mye wydzyely, wen (foras) vczekaly ode mnye[Jiż mie widzieli, wen (foras) uciekali ode mnie]

#### Derived terms

* zewność
* zewna

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “wen”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Welsh
### Adjective

wen
* Soft mutation of gwen (“white (feminine)”).

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.