OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ukłaść
## Polish
### Etymology

From u- +‎ kłaść. First attested in the 16th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.kwaɕt͡ɕ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈu.kɫaɕt͡ɕ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈu.kwaɕt͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ukwaɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: u‧kłaść

### Verb

ukłaść pf
* (transitive, obsolete) Synonym of ułożyć
* (reflexive with się, obsolete or dialectal, Kielce) Synonym of położyć się (“to lie down”)

#### Related terms

* układniczy
* układny
* układowy
* układnie
* układno
* układowo
* układ
* układacz
* układaczka
* układanka
* układarka
* układka
* układnica
* układnictwo
* układnik
* układniś
* układność
* układowość
* układzik
* kładać impf
* kłaść impf
* układać impf

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ukłaść”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ukłaść się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

### Further reading

* ukłaść in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksandra Wieczorek (24.10.2018) “UKŁAŚĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* “UKŁAŚĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ukłaść”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ukłaść”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “ukłaść”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 265
* Jan Łoś (1886) “ukłaść”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 189
# bālākās
## Latvian
### Adjective

bālākās
* locative plural feminine of bālāks

### Adjective

bālākās
* inflection of bālākais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# aintiarna
## Irish
### Etymology

From ain- (“bad, unnatural”) +‎ tiarna (“lord”). Compare Scottish Gaelic aintighearna.

### Noun

aintiarna m (genitive singular aintiarna, nominative plural aintiarnaí)
* despotic lord; tyrant
    Synonym: anlaith

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aintiarna
aintiarnaí
vocative
a aintiarna
a aintiarnaí
genitive
aintiarna
aintiarnaí
dative
aintiarna
aintiarnaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-aintiarna
na haintiarnaí
genitive
an aintiarna
na n-aintiarnaí
dative
leis an aintiarna don aintiarna
leis na haintiarnaí :

#### Derived terms

* aintiarnas m (“tyranny”)
* aintiarnúil (“tyrannical”, adjective)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aintiarna”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# 純水
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chúnshuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen-sy$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chúnshuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chúnshuěi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻun$^2$-shui$^3$
*** Yale: chwún-shwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwenshoei
*** Palladius: чуньшуй (čunʹšuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-sy$_5$
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ sy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-sr$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² sz̩⁴⁴/

### Noun

純水
* (chiefly Shanghainese, Taiwan) purified water

#### Synonyms

* (Mainland China) 純淨水／纯净水 (chúnjìngshuǐ); (Wu) 淨水／净水 (jìngshuǐ)
# իտրիում
## Armenian
### Etymology

Partly from New Latin yttrium.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /itˈɾjum/, [itɾjúm]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

իտրիում • (itrium)
* yttrium
# պատմիչ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian պատմիչ (patmičʻ). Equivalent to պատմել (patmel) +‎ -իչ (-ičʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑtˈmit͡ʃʰ/, [pɑtmít͡ʃʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑdˈmit͡ʃ/, [bɑdmít͡ʃʰ]

### Noun

պատմիչ • (patmičʻ)
* historian (writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist)
    Synonym: պատմագիր (patmagir)

#### Declension
### See also

* պատմաբան (patmaban)
* պատմագետ (patmaget)
# Bastl
## Czech
### Etymology

From Sebastián.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbastl̩]

### Proper noun

Bastl m anim (female equivalent Bastlová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Moldanová, Dobrava (2019) Naše příjmení [Our surnames] (in Czech), 5th edition, Prague: Agentura Pankrác, →ISBN, page 30

### Further reading

* “Bastl”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# 譊

| 譊 | U+8B4A, &#35658; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B4A |
| ← 證 [U+8B49] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 譋 → [U+8B4B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

譊 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土土山 (YRGGU), four-corner 0461$_1$, composition ⿰訁堯)
* wrangling
* to quarrel

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1180, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35947
* Dae Jaweon: page 1644, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4016, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8B4A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撓 | *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ |
| 鐃 | *rŋaːw |
| 譊 | *rŋaːw |
| 橈 | *rŋaːws, *ŋjew |
| 磽 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ |
| 墝 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw |
| 穘 | *hŋreːw |
| 顤 | *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws |
| 燒 | *hŋjew, *hŋjaws |
| 饒 | *ŋjew, *ŋjaws |
| 蟯 | *ŋjew, *ʔŋew |
| 蕘 | *ŋjew |
| 襓 | *ŋjew |
| 繞 | *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws |
| 遶 | *ŋjewʔ |
| 嬈 | *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws |
| 趬 | *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews |
| 蹺 | *ŋ̊ʰew |
| 翹 | *ɡew, *ɡews |
| 澆 | *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws |
| 驍 | *ŋkeːw |
| 僥 | *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw |
| 堯 | *ŋeːw |
| 垚 | *ŋeːw |
| 嶢 | *ŋeːw |
| 獟 | *ŋeːws |
| 膮 | *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ |
| 嘵 | *hŋeːw |
| 憢 | *hŋeːw |
| 曉 | *hŋeːwʔ |
| 皢 | *hŋeːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rŋaːw): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): náo (nao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naau$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: náo
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: náo
*** Wade–Giles: nao$^2$
*** Yale: náu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nau
*** Palladius: нао (nao)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naau$^4$
*** Yale: nàauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nao$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: nraew
Rime :
| Character | 譊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 女交切 |
| Baxter | nraew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /nau/ |
| Wang Li | /nau/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | náo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rŋaːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 譊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14658 |
| Phonetic component | 垚 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鐃 |
| Old Chinese | /*rŋaːw/ |

### Definitions

譊
1. to quarrel
# culminant
## English
### Etymology

From French culminant.

### Adjective

culminant (comparative more culminant, superlative most culminant)
* being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude
* (by extension) predominant
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “culminant”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## Catalan
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [kul.miˈnan]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [kul.miˈnant]
* Rhymes: -ant

#### Adjective

culminant m or f (masculine and feminine plural culminants)
* culminating

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

culminant
* gerund of culminar

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kyl.mi.nɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Homophone: culminants

### Adjective

culminant (feminine culminante, masculine plural culminants, feminine plural culminantes)
* highest (typically of mountains)

### Participle

culminant
* present participle of culminer

### Further reading

* “culminant”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French culminant.

### Adjective

culminant m or n (feminine singular culminantă, masculine plural culminanți, feminine and neuter plural culminante)
* culminating
# bārdainos
## Latvian
### Adjective

bārdainos
* locative plural masculine of bārdains

### Adjective

bārdainos
* accusative plural masculine of bārdainais
# agulo
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from French aiguille, Italian ago, Spanish aguja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈɡu.lo/

### Noun

agulo (plural aguli)
* needle
* (rail transport) switch, point

#### Derived terms

* agul-etuyo (“needlecase”)
* agulagar (“to ply the needle; to switch, shunt”)
* agulagisto (“needleworker, seamstress; switch-man”)
* aguledo (“needleful”)
* agulifisto (“needlemaker”)
* agulo-pinto (“point of a needle”)
* agulo-truo (“eye of a needle”)
* trikot-agulo (“knitting needle”)

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈɡulo/ [ʔɐˈɣuː.lo]
* Rhymes: -ulo
* Syllabification: a‧gu‧lo

### Noun

agulo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄᜓᜎᜓ)
* concubinage
    Synonyms: pakikiapid, pakikiagulo, pangangalunya

#### Derived terms

* kaagulo
* kaaguluhin
* magkaagulo
* mangagulo
* pakikiagulo
# fodio
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *foðjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, dig”) (root possibly lacking e-grade).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfo.di.oː/, [ˈfɔd̪ioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfo.di.o/, [ˈfɔːd̪io]

### Verb

fodiō (present infinitive fodere, perfect active fōdī, supine fossum); third conjugation iō-variant
* (literal) to dig, dig up, dig out; to bury; to dig or clear out the earth from a place; to mine, quarry
    Synonym: effodiō
    ager frugifer, argentum etiam incolae fodiunt ― The soil is fertile, (and) inhabitants dig the silver also
* (transferred sense, Classical Latin) to prick, prod, pierce, thrust, jab, stab, wound
    Synonyms: trānsfīgō, peragō, fīgō, intrō, trāiciō, percutiō, cōnfodiō, trānsigō
* (figuratively) to goad, sting, disturb

#### Conjugation

Note that the present passive infinitive is sometimes written as fodirī instead of fodī.

#### Derived terms

* affodiō
* circumfodiō
* cōnfodiō
* dēfodiō
* effodiō
* fodicō
* fodīna
* fossātum
* fossilis
* fossiō
* fossō
* fossor
* fossōrius
* fossūra
* fossus
* īnfodiō
* interfodiō
* perfodiō
* praefodiō
* suffodiō
* trānsfodiō

#### Related terms

* fossa
* fossātus
* fossula

#### Descendants

* French: fouir
* Italian: fodire
* Old Occitan: foire
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fodiare
** Spanish: hozar
** >? Italian: foggiare

### References

* “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fodio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* fodio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* fodio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
# Dark Brandon
## English
### Etymology

From let's go, Brandon with influence from Dark MAGA.

### Proper noun

Dark Brandon
* (US politics, slang, humorous, ironic) Joe Biden (46th President of the United States), especially used by liberals to refer to the idea of a more powerful Biden, or to point out something powerful he has actually done.
** [2022 July 13, Alex Thompson, Max Tani, “The Holy War over Hunter Biden’s laptop”, in Politico:A 26-year-old sent a pithy email that argued: “Biden could literally do nothing for the next two and a half years […] We chose the only candidate who could win and he did.” He also sent us a Biden meme of what he called “Dark Brandon.”]
** 2022 August 8, Perret Connor, Bryan Metzger, “Biden White House embraces ‘Dark Brandon,’ a parody of the ‘Dark MAGA’ meme used by the far right”, in Business Insider:“Dark Brandon is crushing it,” tweeted Andrew Bates, the White House deputy press secretary, on Sunday night, referring to President Joe Biden.
** 2022 September 7, Anita Chabria, “Dark Brandon turns the tables on Newsom; Governor, who has called out moderates, gets schooled by Biden in union fight”, in Los Angeles Times, page B1:California farmworkers may struggle with clout in our state Capitol, but they definitely have friends in higher places. Those include Dark Brandon, that feisty internet alter ego of Joe Biden who is done being the ice-cream-eating nice guy – and is letting his antagonists know it, whether they are MAGA Republicans or wayward California governors.
** 2022 October 7, “Kimmel on Biden’s marijuana pardon: ‘Glad Willie Nelson is alive to see this’”, in The Guardian (online):“That sneaky Joe Biden pulled an October surprise on the Republicans by doing something popular,” said Stephen Colbert of the marijuana pardon. “Today, Dark Brandon became Dank Brandon.”
** 2023 February 8, Darragh Roche, “How Joe Biden Skewered Republicans in State of the Union ‘Masterclass’”, in Yerepouni Daily News, Beirut:Grant Stern, executive editor of political organization Occupy Democrats, wrote: “Dark Brandon gets Republicans to cheerily promise not to cut Social Security and Medicare live during the #SOTU speech!”
** 2023 July 18, Jess Bidgood, “Ron DeSantis wants to make his mark online, but is it paying off?”, in Boston Globe‎ (subscription):Democrats have long sought to ignite their own messages online. And the Biden campaign has been quick to embrace the “Dark Brandon” meme, in which the president is depicted as a kind of superhero, sometimes with lasers for eyes.
** 2024 February 14, Drew Goins, “Recognizing other relationships, from platonic to polyamorous”, in The Washington Post:Dark Brandon has never been darker. Molly Roberts is talking about the internetty persona of President Biden, the meme lord with lasers emanating from his eyes — the one who tweeted after the Kansas City Chiefs’ Super Bowl victory that he had orchestrated the whole thing, just as far-right conspiracy theorists had alleged.
# հավասարապես
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* հաւասարապէս (hawasarapēs) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian հաւասարապէս (hawasarapēs). By surface analysis, հավասար (havasar) +‎ -ապես (-apes).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hɑvɑsɑɾɑˈpes/, [hɑvɑsɑɾɑpés]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hɑvɑsɑɾɑˈbes/, [hɑvɑsɑɾɑbés]

### Adverb

հավասարապես • (havasarapes)
* equally, evenly
    Բոլորն էլ հավասարապես կօգտվեն դրանցից։ ― Bolorn ēl havasarapes kōgtven drancʻicʻ. ― Everyone will benefit from them equally.

### References

* “հավասարապես”, in Žamanakakicʻ hayocʻ lezvi bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, 1969–1980, page 310
# kāritaṃ
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀢𑀁 (Brahmi script)
* कारितं (Devanagari script)
* কারিতং (Bengali script)
* කාරිතං (Sinhalese script)
* ကာရိတံ or ၵႃရိတံ (Burmese script)
* การิตํ or การิตัง (Thai script)
* ᨠᩣᩁᩥᨲᩴ (Tai Tham script)
* ກາຣິຕໍ or ກາຣິຕັງ (Lao script)
* ការិតំ (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄂𑄢𑄨𑄖𑄁 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

kāritaṃ
* nominative singular neuter & accusative singular masculine/feminine/neuter of kārita, which is past participle of kāreti, which is causative of karoti (“to do”)

### Noun

kāritaṃ
* nominative/accusative singular of kārita (“causative”)
# common noun
## English
### Noun

common noun (plural common nouns)
* A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as dog or city; contrasted with a proper noun, which refers to a single named entity, such as Socrates or Tokyo.
** 2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 15:The Butlers had been serving the Fowls for centuries. It had always been that way. Indeed, there were several eminent linguists of the opinion that this was how the common noun had originated.

#### Usage notes

* In English, many common nouns are countable, meaning that they have singular and plural forms and can be preceded by an indefinite article or numbers, as in a dog, two dogs, etc. Others are uncountable: they do not have separate singular and plural forms and can stand without any determiner; for example, hydrogen is the lightest element. Some common nouns have both countable and uncountable uses.
    Most common nouns are uncapitalized, but some are by convention capitalized (e.g. Frenchman), and the distinction between capitalized vs uncapitalized nouns should not be confused with the distinction between proper and common nouns.

#### Synonyms

* appellative, appellative noun, nomen appellativum, common substantive noun

#### Antonyms

* proper noun

#### See also

* abstract noun
* appellativization
* collective noun
* concrete noun
* proprialization
# نعلبند
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian نعلبند (na'l-band, “farrier”), from نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) + بند (-band, “maker”).

### Noun

نعلبند • (naʼlband) (definite accusative نعلبندی (naʼlbandı), plural نعلبندلر (naʼlbandlar))
* farrier, horseshoer, a person who trims the hooves and fits the horseshoe
    Synonyms: بیطار (baytar), نعلبر (naʼlbur)

#### Derived terms

* نعلبندلق (naʼlbandlık, “farriery”)
* نعلبندی (naʼlbandî, “farriery”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: nalbant
* → Albanian: nallban
* → Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
* → Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)
* → Romanian: nalbant
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
    Latin script: nàlbant

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 823
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nalbant”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3485
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “na'l-bend”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 961
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نعلبند”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1280
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Faber ferrarius”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 537
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نعلبند”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5210
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nalbant”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نعلبند”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2090

## Persian
### Etymology

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).

### Noun

نعلبند • (na'l-band)
* farrier

#### Derived terms

* نعلبندیان (na'lbandiyân)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: nalbənd
* → Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)
** Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)
* → Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
** Turkish: nalbant
** → Albanian: nallban
** → Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
** → Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)
** → Romanian: nalbant
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
    Latin script: nàlbant

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “نعلبند”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# bārdainā
## Latvian
### Adjective

bārdainā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of bārdains

### Adjective

bārdainā
* inflection of bārdainais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# పెరడు
## Telugu
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Probably a metathesis of పెడలు (peḍalu, “backyard of a house”), and thus also Tamil பிடர் (piṭar, “nape of the neck”), Kannada ಪೆಡ (peḍa​, “state of being behind or after, the back”).”

### Pronunciation

IPA: /peɾaɖu/

### Noun

పెరడు • (peraḍu) n (plural పెరళ్ళు)
* the backyard of a house
    Synonym: దొడ్డి (doḍḍi)

#### Derived terms

* కూరపెరడు (kūraperaḍu, “kitchen garden”)
* పెరటిగుమ్మము (peraṭigummamu, “backyard door”)
* పెరటిదోవ (peraṭidōva, “backyard way”)
* మరుగుపెరడు (maruguperaḍu, “privy, bathroom”)

### References

* "పెరడు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 797
# 泔腳水
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$koe-ciaq$_7$-sy$_5$ / $^1$kaen $^7$ciaq-$^0$suei$_3$
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$koe-ciaq$_7$-sy$_5$
*** MiniDict: koe$^平$ ciah$^入$ sy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$koe-jiaq$_4$-sr$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵⁵ t͡ɕiaʔ³³ sz̩²¹/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kaen $^7$ciaq-$^0$suei$_3$
*** MiniDict: kaen$^平$ cieh$^入$ suei$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /kẽ̞³³ t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵⁵ szʷei²¹/

### Noun

泔腳水
* hogwash; waste water from kitchen washing
# խելագարություն
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* խելագարութիւն (xelagarutʻiwn) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

From Old Armenian խելագարութիւն (xelagarutʻiwn). By surface analysis, խելագար (xelagar) +‎ -ություն (-utʻyun).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χelɑɡɑɾuˈtʰjun/, [χelɑɡɑɾut͡sʰjún]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χelɑkɑɾuˈtʏn/, [χelɑkʰɑɾutʰʏ́n]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

խելագարություն • (xelagarutʻyun)
* madness, insanity

#### Declension

*colloquial **dated

### Further reading

* Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944–1945) “խելագարութիւն”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House
# Mikulecký
## Czech
### Etymology

From Mikuláš.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɪkulɛt͡skiː]

### Proper noun

Mikulecký m anim (female equivalent Mikulecká)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Moldanová, Dobrava (2019) “Klucký”, in Naše příjmení [Our surnames] (in Czech), 5th edition, Prague: Agentura Pankrác, →ISBN, page 118

### Further reading

* “Mikulecký”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# スㇺ
## Ainu
### Noun

スㇺ • (sum)
* oil

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014
# cultch
## English
### Alternative forms

* cutch

### Etymology

Uncertain.

### Noun

cultch (countable and uncountable, plural cultches)
* Empty oyster shells and other substances laid down on oyster grounds to furnish points for the attachment of the spawn of the oyster.
* seed oysters (young oysters) together with the shells and other objects to which they are usually attached.
* Rubbish; debris; refuse.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “cultch”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* clutch