OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# עכשווי
## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* עֲכְשָׁוִי (defective spelling)

### Etymology

From עכשיו (akhsháv) +‎ ־י (-i).

### Adjective

עכשווי / עֲכְשָׁוִי • (akhshaví) (feminine עכשווית / עֲכְשָׁוִית, masculine plural עכשוויים / עֲכְשְׁוִיִים, feminine plural עכשוויות / עֲכְשְׁוִיּוֹת)
* contemporary, modern

#### Derived terms

* אמנות עכשווית / אָמָּנוּת עַכְשָׁוִית f (omanút akhshavít)

### References

* “עכשוי” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# FUCK
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English fuck.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ファック [fáꜜkkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɸa̠k̚kɯ̟]

### Verb

FUCK(ファック)する • (fakku suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem FUCK(ファック)し (fakku shi), past FUCK(ファック)した (fakku shita))
* (vulgar) Alternative spelling of ファック (fakku)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | FUCKし | ファックし | fakku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | FUCKし | ファックし | fakku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | FUCKする | ファックする | fakku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | FUCKする | ファックする | fakku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | FUCKすれ | ファックすれ | fakku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | FUCKせよ¹ FUCKしろ² | ファックせよ¹ ファックしろ² | fakku seyo¹ fakku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | FUCKされる | ファックされる | fakku sareru |
| Causative | FUCKさせる FUCKさす | ファックさせる ファックさす | fakku saseru fakku sasu |
| Potential | FUCKできる | ファックできる | fakku dekiru |
| Volitional | FUCKしよう | ファックしよう | fakku shiyō |
| Negative | FUCKしない | ファックしない | fakku shinai |
| Negative continuative | FUCKせず | ファックせず | fakku sezu |
| Formal | FUCKします | ファックします | fakku shimasu |
| Perfective | FUCKした | ファックした | fakku shita |
| Conjunctive | FUCKして | ファックして | fakku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | FUCKすれば | ファックすれば | fakku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# Elšnik
## Slovene
### Proper noun

Elšnik m anim
* a surname
# ớt
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ʔəːt.
Pigneau de Béhaine's Dictionarium anamitico-latinum (1772 manuscript) glosses ớt as pimentum , a Neo-Latin derivation from French piment (“‘spice’ → ‘chilli pepper’”).
Phạm Đình Hổ's 1827 dictionary Nhật dụng thường đàm (日用常談 "Common Words Used Daily") glosses ớt 乙 as 蓽䔲茄 (SV: tất đăng gia; "tailed pepper, cubeb, Piper cubeba") , also called tiêu thất in Vietnamese; so that plant was probably ớt’s original referent before the introduction of chilli pepper from the Americas.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔəːt̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔəːk̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔəːk̚˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) ớt • (艺, 𣜶, 乙, 𱾨)
* (obsolete) tailed pepper, cubeb (Piper cubeba)
** Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠 (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), 50a
    艺𱜢𱺵艺𫽄𨐮 𡛔𱜢𱺵𡛔𫽄𫨩悭𫯳Ớt nào là ớt chẳng cay? Gái nào là gái chẳng hay ghen chồng?Which tailed pepper (berry) / cubeb (berry) is not spicy? Which wife is not often possessive of her husband?
* chili pepper
* (by extension) capsicum

#### Descendants

* → Tai Dam: ꪹꪮꪒ

#### See also

* nhăn như khỉ ăn ớt
* ớt bột
* ớt chuông
* ớt hiểm
* ớt kiểng
* ớt ngọt
* ớt xanh
* tiêu ớt
* tương ớt

### Anagrams

* tớ
# special operations
## English
### Noun

special operations pl (normally plural, singular special operation, attributive special operations)
* A category of military operations with unusual and stringent requirements and methods, such as guerrilla warfare or counterterrorism.
    Synonyms: spec ops (clipped compound), special ops

#### Related terms

* special forces (the forces who carry out such ops)
* special military operation (euphemism for a war)
# sag an
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

sag an
* singular imperative of ansagen
* (colloquial) first-person singular present of ansagen
# drivhusgas
## Danish
### Etymology

drivhus +‎ gas

### Noun

drivhusgas
* greenhouse gas
# בשבילי
## Hebrew
### Preposition

בִּשְׁבִילִי • (bish'vilí)
* First-person-singular-personal-pronoun-including form of בִּשְׁבִיל (bishvíl).
# עכ״ל
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Abbreviation of עַד כַּאן לְשׁוֹנוֹ (ad kan l'shonó, “until here is his language”).

### Pronunciation

Pronounced as if spelled out as its component words.

### Phrase

עכ״ל • (ad kan l'shono)
* Used to indicate the end of a direct quotation.

#### Usage notes

* Often paired with ז״ל (at the quotation's start).

#### Hyponyms

* עכלה״ק

#### Coordinate terms

* עכת״ד
# metel
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛtɛl]

### Noun

metel f
* genitive plural of metla

## Estonian
### Noun

metel
* adessive plural of mesi

## Middle English
### Noun

metel
* Alternative form of metal

## Slovene
### Noun

mêtel
* genitive dual/plural of metla

### Participle

mẹ̄təł
* masculine singular l-participle of mesti

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* metal

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle English metal, from Old French metal, from Latin metallum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛtɛl/

### Noun

metel m (plural metelau)
* metal

#### Derived terms

* anfetel (“nonmetal”)
* metel alcalïaidd (“alkali metal”)
* metelaidd, metelig (“metallic”)
* meteleg (“metallurgy”)
* meteloid (“metalloid”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# Ferdin
## Slovene
### Proper noun

Ferdin m anim
* a surname

#### Declension
### References

* Keber, Janez (2021) Leksikon priimkov [Dictionary of Surnames] (in Slovene), Celje: Celjska Mohorjeva družba, →ISBN, page 181
# quê
## Macanese
### Etymology

From Portuguese que and quê.

### Pronoun

quê
* (interrogative, sentence-final) what (which thing)
    Tão cedo para quê? Qui afogoso!So early for what? So anxious!

### Determiner

quê
* (rare) Alternative form of qui: which
    Quê cuza pôde fazê?What can be done?(literally, “Which thing can be done?”)

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈke/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈke/
* Rhymes: -e
* Hyphenation: quê

### Etymology 1

From Latin quem (“what”).

#### Pronoun

quê
* (interrogative, sentence-final) what (which thing)
    Pensas no quê?You are thinking about what?
    Quê?What?

##### Derived terms

* não há de quê
* por quê
* porquê

#### Noun

quê m (plural quês)
* a characteristic (distinguishable feature of a person or thing)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

quê m (plural quês)
* cue (name of the letter Q, q)

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *k-veːr (“village”); cognate with Muong quêl (“village”) and Chut [Rục] kəveːl¹. Compare also Proto-Katuic *wiil ~ *weel (whence Pacoh veil).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kwe˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [kwej˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [wej˧˧]

### Noun

quê • (圭, 𬫀)
* the countryside
* a hometown (place of birth or residence)
    Synonym: nơi sinh
    Tết này có về quê không?Will you go back to your hometown this New Year?
* your parent's, especially your father's, birthplace
    Synonym: quê quán
    Quê mày ở đâu ? Đắk Lắk ạ. Không phải ở đây. Ý tao là quê bố mày.Hometown? Dak Lak. I'm not asking 'bout your birthplace which is here. I'm asking 'bout your father's.

#### Usage notes

Your parent's birthplace may be used on an identity card (giấy chứng minh nhân dân or căn cước công dân), especially if they moved from their own birthplace.

#### Derived terms

* dân quê
* đồng quê
* làng quê
* nhà quê
* quê hương
* quê kệch
* quê mùa
* quê nhà
* quê quán
* thôn quê

### Adjective

quê • (圭, 𬫀)
* Short for quê mùa (“typical of countrymen; rural, lame and tacky”).
* (Southern Vietnam, by extension) very embarrassing; mortifying
    Mẹ ở nhà đi. Con lớn rồi có mẹ đi cùng thì quê lắm.Just stay home. I'm a grown-up and it's embarrassing to be chaperoned by you.

#### Derived terms

* quê độ
* quê xệ
# crefydd
## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh creuyð, from Proto-Brythonic *krọβ(ɨð) (with vowel altered after unrelated credu), from Proto-Celtic *krāb- (“devotion, religious practice”), of unknown origin (compare Old Irish crábud from the variant *krāb-V-tos). Pokorny compares Sanskrit श्रम्भते (śrambhate, “to trust”) and constructs a Proto-Indo-European *ḱrebʰ- (“to trust”), but Matasović calls this "formally extremely difficult" due to the lengthened grade in Celtic.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈkrɛvɨ̞ð/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈkreːvɪð/, /ˈkrɛvɪð/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛvɨ̞ð

### Noun

crefydd f (plural crefyddau)
* religion

#### Derived terms

* crefyddol (“religious”)
* crefyddwr (“religious person”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krabi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 220-21
# savaşkan
## Gagauz
### Etymology

By surface analysis, savaş- +‎ -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑvɑʃˈkɑn/
* Hyphenation: sa‧vaş‧kan

### Adjective

savaşkan
* Synonym of savaşan

### Further reading

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “savaşkan”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 390
# Trachelas
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Trachelas m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Corinnidae – certain spiders.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Chelicerata – subphylum; Arachnida – class; Araneae – order; Opisthothelae – suborder; Araneomorphae – infraorder; Corinnoidea – superfamily; Corinnidae – family; Trachelinae – subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Trachelas minor – type species

### References

* Trachelas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Trachelas on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Trachelas on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# ואמרתי
## Hebrew
### Verb

וְאָמַרְתִּי • (v'amartí)
* First-person singular vav-consecutive perfect (hence future tense) of אָמַר (amár).
** Tanach, Exodus 3:13, with translation of the King James Version:הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָא אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם […]hiné anochí va el b'ne yisraél v'amartí lahém […] Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, […]
# פ־ט־ר
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Compare Classical Syriac ܦ ܛ ܪ, whence ܦܛܝܪܐ (paṭṭīrā).

### Root

פ־ט־ר • (p-ṭ-r)
* Forming words relating to solution, to resolution, or to ending.

#### Forms

* פָּטַר (patár)
* נִפְטַר (niftár)
* פיטר \ פִּטֵּר (pitér)
* פוטר \ פֻּטַּר (putár)
* הִתְפַּטֵּר (hitpatér)
* התפוטר \ הִתְפֻּטַּר (hitputár)
* הִפְטִיר (hiftír)
* פֶּטֶר (péter)
* פָּטוּר (patúr)
* פְּטִירָה (p'tirá)
* הַפְטָרָה (haftará)
* מַפְטִיר (maftír)

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* טפר, טרף
# Rotenbergerinnen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁoːtn̩ˌbɛʁɡəʁɪnən]
* Hyphenation: Ro‧ten‧ber‧ge‧rin‧nen

### Noun

Rotenbergerinnen
* plural of Rotenbergerin
# cràbhadh
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish crábud (“piety, devotion, religion”), from Proto-Celtic *krāb- (“devotion, religious practice”), of unknown origin (compare Welsh crefydd with the suffix -ydd). Pokorny compares Sanskrit श्रम्भते (śrambhate, “to trust”) and constructs a Proto-Indo-European *ḱrebʰ- (“to trust”), but Matasović calls this "formally extremely difficult" due to the lengthened grade in Celtic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰraːvəɣ/

### Noun

cràbhadh m (genitive singular cràbhaidh, plural cràbhaidhean)
* piety, devoutness

#### Derived terms

* saobh-chràbhadh

#### Related terms

* cràbhach

### References

* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krabi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 220-21
# breuk
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch breuk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɪøk/

### Noun

breuk (plural breuke, diminutive breukie)
* fracture, break
* (arithmetic) fraction

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch broke, brueke, from Old Dutch *bruki, from Proto-West Germanic *bruki, from Proto-Germanic *brukiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brøːk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: breuk
* Rhymes: -øːk

### Noun

breuk f (plural breuken, diminutive breukje n)
* fracture, break
    Na het ongeluk had hij een ernstige breuk in zijn been en moest hij geopereerd worden.After the accident, he had a serious fracture in his leg and needed surgery.
* (arithmetic) fraction
    Kun je me helpen om deze breuk om te zetten in een decimale vorm?Can you help me convert this fraction into a decimal form?
* (geology) fault
    De aardbeving veroorzaakte een grote breuk in de aardkorst.The earthquake caused a major fault in the earth's crust.

#### Synonyms

* (fracture): botbreuk, fractuur

#### Derived terms

* breuklijn
* breuksplitsing
* breukstreep
* eedbreuk
* kettingbreuk
* schipbreuk
* stambreuk
* trendbreuk
* wolkbreuk

#### Related terms

* braak
* brok

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: breuk
* Negerhollands: breek
* → Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)
* → Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)
* → Papiamentu: breuk
# Rääbeliechtli
## Alemannic German
### Etymology

From Rääbe +‎ Liechtli.

### Pronunciation

* (Zürich) IPA: /ˈræːbəˌliəχtli/

### Noun

Rääbeliechtli n (plural Rääbeliechtli)
* neep lantern

#### Derived terms

* Rääbeliechtliumzug
# וידע
## Hebrew
### Verb

וַיֵּדַע • (vayéda)
* (And) (he/it) knew: third-person masculine singular vav-consecutive imperfect (hence past tense) of יָדַע (yadá).
** Tanach, Exodus 2:25, with translation of the English Standard Version:וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּדַע אֱלֹהִיםvayár elohím et b'ne yisraél vayéda elohímGod saw the people of Israel—and God knew.

### Verb

וַיֹּדַע • (vayóda)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** Tanach, Judges 8:16::
    וַיִּקַּח אֶת זִקְנֵי הָעִיר וְאֶת קוֹצֵי הַמִּדְבָּר וְאֶת הַבַּרְקֳנִים וַיֹּדַע בָּהֶם אֵת אַנְשֵׁי סֻכּוֹת
       vayikách et zikné haír v'et kotsé hamidbár v'et habarkaním vayóda bahém et anshé sukót
# פאי
## Hebrew
### Noun

פַּאי • (pái) m
* pie (type of pastry)
* excessive spelling of פַּי
# chải
## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [caːj˨˩˧]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [caːj˨˦]

### Etymology 1
#### Adverb

chải
* with all one's might, with all one's strength
    ái chái ― with almost all of one's strength

#### Verb

chải
* to spend
    chải lẹo hảo lai ― to spend quite a lot [of money]
    chải bứa ― to relieve sadness (literally to spend the sadness away)
    祥𱽗嘺模欽解𢗌Tang rừ ghẹo mác khôm chải bứaLike simply chewing betels to relieve sadness.
* to deny
    chải bấu nhi̱n ― to deny a blame

##### Derived terms

* chải du̱ng

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

chải
* exorcism
    hết chải ― to perform exorcism

#### References

* Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *caːs (“to comb”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *caːɕ (“to comb”). Compare also Laven cas, Chrau saːs, Ngeq caːjh.
Doublet of nải (“hand (of banana)”) through an infixed form.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕaːj˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕaːj˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [caːj˨˩˦]

### Verb

chải • (𦃀, 扯, 沚, 斎, 󱱼)
* to comb or brush (hair)
    chải tóc ― to comb your hair
    chải lông ― to brush an animal's hair
* to brush (teeth)
    Synonym: đánh
    Đừng quên chải răng mỗi ngày ít nhất hai lần.Do not forget to brush your teeth at least twice a day.

### See also

* bàn chải
* bàn chải đánh răng
* chải chuốt
* lược
# Fluher
## Slovene
### Proper noun

Flúher m anim
* a surname

### References

* Keber, Janez (2021) Leksikon priimkov [Dictionary of Surnames] (in Slovene), Celje: Celjska Mohorjeva družba, →ISBN, page 190
# đắt
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Compare Khmer ដាច់ (dac).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɗat̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɗak̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɗak̚˦˥]

### Adjective

đắt • (坦, 得, 怛, 𠶒, 𠿲, 𧶬, 󰕤)
* (Northern Vietnam) expensive; dear; costly
    Synonym: mắc
    Antonym: rẻ
    đắt tiền ― expensive; costly
* having plenty of business; saleable; marketable
    Antonym: ế
* apt; well-chosen

#### Derived terms

* đắt đỏ
* đắt giá
* đắt như tôm tươi
# cràbhachd
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From cràbhadh +‎ -achd

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰraːvəxk/

### Noun

cràbhachd f (plural cràbhachdan)
* belief

#### Related terms

* cràbhach
* cràbhadh
# mëshira
## Albanian
### Noun

mëshira
* definite nominative singular of mëshirë
# çpoj
## Albanian
### Verb

çpoj (aorist çpova, participle çpuar)
* Tosk form of shpoj
# ויזכר
## Hebrew
### Verb

וַיִּזְכֹּר • (vayizkór)
* (And) (he) remembered: third-person masculine singular vav-consecutive imperfect (hence past tense) of זָכַר (zachár).
** Tanach, Exodus 2:24, with translation of the King James Version:וַיִּזְכֹּר אֱלֹהִים אֶת בְּרִיתוֹvayizkór elohím et b'ritóand God remembered his covenant
# פורום
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From Latin forum, likely with English influence.

### Noun

פוֹרוּם • (fórum) m (plural indefinite פוֹרוּמִים, singular construct פוֹרוּם־)
* (Internet) forum (an Internet message board where users can post messages regarding one or more topics of discussion)
* (historical) forum (a square or marketplace in a Roman town, used for public business and commerce)

### See also

* פורום on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# гріх
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *grěxъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦrʲix]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

гріх • (hrix) m inan (genitive гріха́, nominative plural гріхи́, genitive plural гріхі́в)
* sin
* fault
* (colloquial) wrongdoing

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гріх”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# gloatingly
## English
### Etymology

From gloating +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

gloatingly (comparative more gloatingly, superlative most gloatingly)
* In a gloating manner.
** 1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 235:Ancestry, he thought gloatingly - but instinctively he kept this knowledge jealously.
** 2007 May 27, Fran Giuffre, “The Curtains, the Dog, the Remark”, in The New York Times‎:“See, I told you,” he said to me, gloatingly.
# ὕβρεσιν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hý.bre.sin/ → /ˈy.βre.sin/ → /ˈi.vre.sin/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hý.bre.sin/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.bre.sin/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.βre.sin/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.vre.sin/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.vre.sin/

### Noun

ῠ̔́βρεσῐν • (hŭ́bresĭn)
* dative plural of ῠ̔́βρῐς (hŭ́brĭs)
# 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇
## Prakrit
### Etymology

* Prakrit verb set
* 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï)
* 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇 (sikkhāvei)
Inherited from Sanskrit शिक्ष॑ति (śíkṣati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćíkšati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-. Cognate with Pali sikkhati.

### Verb

𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (sikkhaï) (Devanagari सिक्खइ, Kannada ಸಿಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive) (Māhārāṣṭrī)
* to learn
** c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 477:𑀯𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀭𑀲𑀺𑀏 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀏 𑀫𑀳𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀡 𑀓𑁄 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑? 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 𑀅𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆𑀇-𑀯𑀺 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑁄 𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀼𑀯𑀁𑀥𑁂𑀡vahuvihavilāsarasie surae mahilāṇa ko uvajjhāo? sikkhaï asikkhiāi-vi savvo ṇehāṇuvaṃdheṇa2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman TiekenIn lovemaking, with its manifold and intricate delights, Who is there to instruct women? One can learn anything simply by being shown some affection.
** c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti X. a. Agaladatta, page 67, lines 3 – 5:𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀬𑀸 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀚𑀡𑀸-𑀡𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀸𑀢𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸-𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀉𑀁 𑀭𑀸𑀬-𑀓𑀼𑀮𑀁 𑀕𑀢𑁄 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣-𑀬 𑀅𑀲𑀺-𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀬-𑀕𑀳𑀡𑁆-𑀆𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀚𑀳𑀸-𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀁 𑀤𑀸𑀇𑀬𑀁annayā guru-jaṇā-ṇunnāto siddha-vijjo sikkhā-daṃsaṇaṃ kāuṃ rāya-kulaṃ gato tattha-ya asi-kheḍaya-gahaṇ-āiyaṃ jahā-sikkhiyaṃ savvaṃ dāiyaṃWhen he had mastered the sciences he went one day with the permission of his teacher to the court of the king in order to show his proficiency And there he exhibited everything just as he had been taught, how to hold the sword and the shield, and other acquirements.

#### Descendants

* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: सीखना (sīkhnā)
*** Urdu: سِیکھْنَا (sīkhnā)
* Eastern Indo-Aryan:
** Bengali–Assamese:
*** Assamese: শিকা (xika)
*** Bengali: শেখা (śekha)
*** Sylheti: ꠢꠤꠇꠣ (hika)
* Northern Indo-Aryan:
** Nepali: सिक्नु (siknu)
* Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਿੱਖਣਾ (sikkhaṇā)
** Sindhi:
    Arabic script: سِکَڻُ (sikhaṇu)
    Devanagari script: सिखणु (sikhaṇu)
* Southern Indo-Aryan:
** Konkani:
    Devanagari script: शिक्चे (śikce)
    Kannada script: ಶಿಕ್ಚೆ (śikce)
    Latin script: xikche
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: सिकणे (sikaṇe), सिखणे (sikhaṇe)
    Modi script: 𑘭𑘲𑘎𑘜𑘹 (sīkaṇe), 𑘭𑘲𑘏𑘜𑘹 (sīkhaṇe)
*** Marathi: शिकणे (śikṇe)
* Western Indo-Aryan:
** Old Gujarati: सीषइ (sīkhai)
*** Gujarati: શીખવું (śīkhvũ)
*** Saurashtra: ꢱꢶꢒ꣄ꢒꢥ꣄ (sikkan)
** Romani: siklǒvel, siklǒl, sikavel, siklǎrel

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “सिक्ख”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 224
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śíkṣatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press