# 일

| 일 | U+C77C, &#51068; HANGUL SYLLABLE IL |
| Composition: | ㅇ + ㅣ + ㄹ |
| ← 읻 [U+C77B] | Hangul Syllables | 읽 → [U+C77D] |
이익읶읷인읹읺 읻일읽읾읿잀잁 잂잃임입잆잇있 잉잊잋잌잍잎잏 :
| 의 ← | → 자 |

## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽il⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [iɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [일]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

일 (il)
* work, job
* business
* matter, affair, concern

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 一.

#### Numeral

일 (il)
* one
    Synonym: ᄒᆞ나 (hawna)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 일〯 (Yale: ǐl), related to Middle Korean 일〯다〮 (Yale: ǐl-tá, “to occur, to arise”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [i(ː)ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [일(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

#### Noun

일 • (il)
* work (activity done for compensation or reward)
    회사에서 혹시 어떤 일 하세요? hoesa-eseo hoksi eotteon il haseyo?Excuse me, what work do you do in the company?
* a fact, an event, a situation (any kind of occurrence)
    무슨 일이야? ― museun ir-iya? ― What's the matter?
    이런 일이 있을 줄은 몰랐다. Ireon ir-i isseul jur-eun mollatda.I didn't know something like this would happen.
    옛날 일을 생각하니 슬프다. Yennal ir-eul saenggakhani seulpeuda.It's sad to think about my old circumstances.
* deed (any human activity)
    착한 일을 해야지. ― Chakhan ir-eul haeyaji. ― You need to do good things.
* (euphemistic) urination, defecation, sexual intercourse

##### Derived terms

* 낮일 (najil)
* 뒷일 (dwisil)
* 막일 (magil)
* 밤일 (bamil)
* 밭일 (bachil)
* 볼일 (boril)
* 앞일 (apil)
* 옛일 (yesil)
* 웬일 (wenil)
* 일감 (ilgam)
* 일거리 (ilgeori)
* 일꾼 (ilkkun)
* 일머리 (ilmeori)
* 일벌 (ilbeol)
* 일손 (ilson)
* 일없다 (ireopda)
* 일자리 (iljari)
* 일터 (ilteo)
* 일하다 (ilhada)
* 큰일 (keunil)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 一 (“one”). From Middle Korean 일〮 (Yale: íl).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [iɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [일]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable.

#### Numeral

일 • (il) (hanja 一)
* one
* first

##### Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
* 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
* 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
* 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
* 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
* 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
* 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
* 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
* 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
* 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
* 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 一 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일 (一, il).

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 日 (“sun; day”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [iɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [일]

#### Noun

일 • (il) (hanja 日)
* day (twenty-four hours, a thirtieth of the month)
    3일 동안 여행하다samil dong'an yeohaenghadato travel for three days
* Short for 일요일(日曜日) (iryoil, “Sunday”).

#### Proper noun

일 • (Il) (hanja 日)
* Short for 일본(日本) (Ilbon, “Japan”).

##### Usage notes

* In news headlines, this is customarily written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean texts otherwise devoid of Chinese characters.

#### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 日 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일 (日, il).

### Etymology 4

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

일 • (il)
* 一: one
    (eumhun reading: 하나 일 (hana il)) (MC reading: 一 (MC 'jit))
* 日: day
    (eumhun reading: 날 일 (nal il)) (MC reading: 日 (MC nyit))
* 逸:
    (MC reading: 逸 (MC yit))
* 溢:
    (MC reading: 溢 (MC yit))
* 鎰:
    (MC reading: 鎰 (MC yit))
* 馹:
    (MC reading: 馹 (MC nyit))
* 佾:
    (MC reading: 佾 (MC yit))
* 佚:
    (MC reading: 佚 (MC yit))
* 壹:
    (MC reading: 壹 (MC 'jit))
* 劮:
    (MC reading: 劮 (MC yit))
* 泆:
    (MC reading: 泆 (MC yit))
* 軼:
    (MC reading: 軼 (MC yit))
* 𨓜: Alternative form of 逸
* 失: loss
    (eumhun reading: 잃을 일 (ireul il)) (MC reading: 失 (MC syit))
* 昳:
    (MC reading: 昳 (MC -))
* 昵:
    (MC reading: 昵 (MC nrit))
* 暱:
    (MC reading: 暱 (MC nrit))
* 欥:
    (MC reading: 欥 (MC yit))
* 浂:
    (MC reading: 浂)
* 燚:
    (MC reading: 燚)
* 臸:
    (MC reading: 臸 (MC nyit))
* 䘌:
    (MC reading: 䘌 (MC nrit))
* 衵:
    (MC reading: 衵 (MC nyit|nrit))
* 辷:
* 迭:
    (MC reading: 迭 (MC -))
* 釰:
    (MC reading: 釰)
* 鈤:
    (MC reading: 鈤)
* 䭿:
    (MC reading: 䭿 (MC yit))
* 鴩:
    (MC reading: 鴩)

### References

* ↑ Samuel Elmo Martin (2000) Consonant Lenition in Korean and the Macro-Altaic Question, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN

## Middle Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǐl/

#### Noun

일〯 (ǐl)
* work, job

##### Descendants

* Korean: 일 (il)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 一 (MC 'jit).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /íl/

#### Numeral

일〮 (íl)
* one
    Synonym: ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh)

##### Descendants

* Korean: 일(一) (il)