# 檻

| 檻 | U+6ABB, &#27323; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ABB |
| ← 檺 [U+6ABA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 檼 → [U+6ABC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

檻 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 木尸戈廿 (DSIT) or 木尸一廿 (DSMT), four-corner 4891$_7$, composition ⿰木監)

#### Derived characters

* 𡅋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 558, character 47
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15745
* Dae Jaweon: page 948, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1307, character 14
* Unihan data for U+6ABB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms): semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

### Etymology 1

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$khe / $^3$khe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^5$
*** Yale: háahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khe
*** MiniDict: khe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^3$khe
*** MiniDict: khe$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰe⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: haemX
Rime :
| Character | 檻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡黤切 |
| Baxter | haemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠam$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚam$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤramʔ/, /*[ɡ]ˤamʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/, /*ɡraːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 檻 | 檻 | 檻 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn | jiàn | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæm$^X$ › | ‹ hæm$^X$ › | ‹ ham$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/ | /*[ɡ]ˁramʔ/ | /*[ɡ]ˁamʔ/ |
| English | straight-jetted (water) | railing; cage | railing; cage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 檻 | 檻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6110 | 6114 |
| Phonetic component | 監 | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檻 | 㽉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːmʔ/ | /*ɡraːms/ |
| Notes | | 原文木在下，集韻注或書檻 |

##### Definitions

檻
* fence
* cage (for animal or prisoner)
* railing; balustrade
* (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart
* Alternative form of 艦 / 舰 (jiàn, “warship”)

###### Compounds

* 圈檻 / 圈槛
* 攀庭檻 / 攀庭槛
* 朱雲折檻 / 朱云折槛
* 檻檻 / 槛槛
* 檻猿籠鳥 / 槛猿笼鸟
* 檻車 / 槛车 (jiànjū)
* 窗檻 / 窗槛 (chuāngjiàn)
* 籠鳥檻猿 / 笼鸟槛猿
* 軒檻 / 轩槛

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎn (kan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laam$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^3$
*** Yale: kǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎnr
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kǎnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaal
*** Palladius: каньр (kanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑɻ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laam$^6$
*** Yale: laahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lam$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːm²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khe
*** MiniDict: khe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/

##### Definitions

檻
* doorsill
    門檻／门槛 ― ménkǎn ― doorsill

###### Synonyms

* 地方 (di$^5$ fan) (Hengyang Xiang)
* 戶填 / 户填 (Hokkien)
* 戶限 / 户限 (hùxiàn) (literary)
* 戺 (shì) (Classical Chinese)
* 柣 (zhì) (Classical Chinese)
* 梱 (kǔn) (Classical Chinese)
* 榍 (xiè) (Classical Chinese)
* 轔 / 辚 (lín) (Classical Chinese)
* 門地伏 / 门地伏 (mon$^3$ i$^5$ fuuk$^4$) (Taishanese)
* 門填 / 门填 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 門墊 / 门垫 (muòng-dâing) (Eastern Min)
* 門岸 / 门岸 (mn̂g-hōaⁿ) (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 門檻 / 门槛 (ménkǎn)
* 門限 / 门限 (ménxiàn)
* 門階 / 门阶 (ménjiē)
* 閫 / 阃 (kǔn) (literary)
* 閾 / 阈 (yù) (literary)
* 限 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 面填 (bīn-tǔiⁿ) (Quanzhou Hokkien)

###### Compounds

* 對了檻兒 / 对了槛儿
* 老門檻 / 老门槛
* 鐵門檻 / 铁门槛
* 門檻 / 门槛 (ménkǎn)
* 門檻條款 / 门槛条款
* 隔門檻兒 / 隔门槛儿

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 檻 – see 𨈇 (“to step over; to step across”). (This character is a variant form of 𨈇).

#### References

* “檻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: おり (ori, 檻)、てすり (tesuri)、いたがこい (itagakoi, 檻い)、おばしま (obashima)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 檻
* おり Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 檻 – see the following entry. :
| 【おり】 | [noun] cage; cell |
(This term, 檻, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Compounds

* 檻車(かんしゃ) (kansha)
* 檻穽(かんせい) (kansei)
* 檻房(かんぼう) (kanbō)
* 折檻(せっかん) (sekkan)

## Korean
### Hanja

檻 (eum 함 (ham))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

檻: Hán Nôm readings: giám, hạm, hậm, tràm, cạm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.