# بوق
## Arabic
### Etymology

Natively derived from the root ب و ق (b w q), concerning concepts related to "trumpets" or "a sudden loud blast of sound"; hence the meaning of "a sudden striking calamity" and by extension "an evil" or "wrongful conduct". Ultimately related to the root ب ق ق (b q q), meaning "the buzzing of insects", "to be loud or noisy", "to be obnoxiously talkative", with likely phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek βούκινο (boúkino) or Latin būcina, borrowed itself as Classical Syriac ܒܘܩܝܢܐ (būqīnā). Compare English bugle, an ox or bovid horn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buːq/

### Noun

بُوق • (būq) m (plural أَبْوَاق (ʔabwāq) or بُوقَات (būqāt))
* (music) trumpet, conch
** a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, لَيَالِيَّ بَعْدَ الظَّاعِنِينَ شُكُولُ:إِذَا كَانَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ سَيْفًا لِدَوْلَةٍ // فَفِي النَّاسِ بُوقَاتٌ لَهَا وَطُبُولُʔiḏā kāna baʕḍu n-nāsi sayfan lidawlatin // fafī n-nāsi būqātun lahā waṭubūlu(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (figuratively) presenting falsities deliberately as true, lie; by comparison to embellishments and pomp, making a lot of useless noise
* (figuratively) one who does not conceal secrets, announces to all

#### Descendants

* Maltese: buq (“hollow reed”)
* → Basque: alboka
* → Georgian: ბუკი (buḳi)
* → Middle Armenian: պուկ (puk)
** Armenian: բուկ (buk)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بوق (buk)
* → Persian: بوق (buq)
* → Spanish: albogue

### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بوق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 276
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 233

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰸 (bok), Azerbaijani pox, Kazakh боқ (boq), Kyrgyz бок (bok), Tatar бук (buq) and Turkmen bok.

#### Noun

بوق • (bok) (definite accusative بوقی (boku), plural بوقلر (boklar))
* feces, excrement, the digested waste material discharged from a mammal's stomach to the intestines
    Synonym: براز (beraz) (literary)
* (vulgar) shit, poo, crap, dump, the solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels through defecation
    Synonyms: پیسلك (pislik), مردارلق (murdarlık)
* scoria, slag, dross, the by-product that remains after the smelting and recycling of metal from an ore

##### Derived terms

* آری بوقی (arı boku, “bee's dung”)
* بورون بوقی (burun boku, “snot”)
* بوق بوجكی (bok böceği, “dung beetle”)
* بوق یمك (bok yemek, “to say something wrong”)
* بوقجه (bokca, “rubbish thing”)
* بوقجی (bokcu, “dealer in dung”)
* بوقلاشمق (boklaşmak, “to become soiled or befouled”)
* بوقلامق (boklamak, “to soil or befoul”)
* بوقلانمق (boklanmak, “to become soiled with dung”)
* بوقلق (bokluk, “morass, quagmire”)
* بوقلو (boklu, “mixed with dung or filth”)
* بوقنی چكمك (bokunu çekmek, “to suffer the consequences of an action”)
* دمیر بوقی (demir boku, “iron slag”)
* سیكك بوقی (sinek boku, “fly specks”)
* شیطان بوقی (şeytan boku, “asafoetida”)
* قاز بوقی (kaz boku, “a pale green color”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: bok

#### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bo:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 311

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “بوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 338
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bok2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 646
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “بوق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 133b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 290
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Stercus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1595
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 933
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 405

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic بُوق (būq, “trumpet”).

#### Noun

بوق • (buk) (definite accusative بوغی (buğu), plural بوقات (bukat))
* trumpet, conch, a musical instrument historically used as signaling devices in battle or hunting

##### Descendants

* Turkish: buk

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “buk4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 689
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “buk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 140
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lituus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 962
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 933
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “buk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 405

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُوق (būq).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [buːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [buːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [buːq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [buːq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [buq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [buːɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [buq]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | بوق |
| Iranian Persian | بوق |
| Tajik | буқ |
بوق • (buq)
* vehicle horn; klaxon
    بوق کشتی ― buq-e kašti ― ship horn
* (archaic, original sense) trumpet; conch
** c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎:هر شب هزار مرد پاسبان این قصر باشند پانصد سوار و پانصد پیاده که از نماز شام بوق و دهل و کاسه می‌زنند و گردش می‌گردند تا روز.har šab hazār mard pāsbān-i īn qasr bāšand pānsad sawār u pānsad pīyāda ki az namāz-i šām būq u duhul u kāsa mē-zanand u gird-aš mē-girdand tā rōz.Every night, a thousand men stand guard in this castle, five hundred mounted and five hundred on foot. From the evening prayers on, they blow trumpets and beat drums and cymbals, and go around [the castle] until daybreak.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بُوق (būq).

### Noun

بوق • (būʔ) m (plural أبواق (ʔabwāʔ))
* trumpet