# 八臘爺
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "八腊爷".)

### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bah$^6$ lah$^7$ ia$^2$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^6$ lah$^7$ ia$^2$ [Phonetic: bah$^7$ lah$^6$ ia$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ laʔ⁴⁻¹ ia¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bah$^6$ lah$^7$ ia$^2$ [Phonetic: bah$^7$ lah$^6$ ia$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ²⁻²⁴ laʔ²⁴⁻² ia¹³/

### Noun

八臘爺
* (Puxian Min) spider

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 蜘蛛, 鼄蝥 QJ, 蠾蝓 ZW, 蝳蜍 NY, 社公 Q |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蜘蛛 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蜘蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蜘蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 蜘蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蛛蛛, 蜘蛛兒, 蛛蛛兒, 癩癩蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 蛛蛛, 癩癩蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 蛛蛛, 癩蛛蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛, 癩癩蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 蜘蛛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蜘蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 蛛蛛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 阿郎蛛子, 阿郎蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 癩蛛子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛, 癩癩蛛, 蟢蛛兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 老老蛛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 老老蛛, 癩癩蛛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 癩癩蛛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 阿郎蛛子, 阿郎蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 蜘蛛, 螺螺蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 蛛蛛兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 蜘蜘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蛛蛛, 蟢蛛兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蜘蛛, 羅蛛子, 羅羅蛛子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 蜘蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 蛛蛛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蛛蛛, 蟢里蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 蛛蛛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蛛蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蜘蛛, 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 瘩斗兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 蜘蛛, 蜇蜇兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 蜘蛛, 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 波絲, 水波絲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 蜇蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 波羅蜈 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 波絲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 蜘蛛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蜘蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蜘蛛, 蟢蟢蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 蛛蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 蟢蟢, 蟢蟢兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 蜘蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 蜘蛛子, 蟢蟢子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蜘蛛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 蜘蛛 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 癩蜘蜘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蠄蟧, 蜘蛛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 蝲䗁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 蝲䗁 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Macau (Tanka) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蠄蟧, 蜘蛛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蜘蛛, 蠄蟧 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蜘蛛 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 蜘蛛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蝃蛛, 蝃蛛子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 庖繅 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 織蛛 |
| Gan | Jianning | 織蛛 |
| Gan | Taining | 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 蠄蟧 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 蠄蟧 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Changting | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 奇肖 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 奇肖子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 斜佬 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 斜佬 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 奇肖 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蝲䗁, 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蝲䗁, 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蝲䗁, 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蜘蛛, 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蝲䗁, 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蜘蛛, 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 蠄蟧 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 蜘蛛 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 蠄蟧 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 蠄蟧 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 甘羅 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longtan) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shiling) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longwang) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shibantan) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Hexingchang) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Weiyuan (Guanyingtan) | 蝲䗁子, 波絲 |
| Hakka | Yilong (Ma'an) | 波絲 |
| Hakka | Xichang (Huanglianguan) | 蝲䗁子 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 蝲䗁 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 蜘蛛, 蝲䗁 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蛛蛛 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 蛛蛛 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 蛛蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Datong | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 羅螞蛛蛛, 蟢蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Changzhi (Tunliu) | 蛛蛛, 羅螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 狼螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Linhe | 羅螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Jining | 蜘蛛, 蛛蛛, 狼螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 蛛蛛, 羅螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Baotou | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 蛛蛛, 狼螞蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 蛛蛛 |
| Jin | Handan | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Jin | Suide | 蛛蛛 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 蟢蟢 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 吊蛛 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 天蛛 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 蜘蛛仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 糴蛛仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 馬兜爺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 蜘蛛 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 蟢囝 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 蟢囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 飛絲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Taitung (Green Island) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Liuqiu) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 經蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Pengnan) | 經蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 經蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Huxi) | 經蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Wangan) | 經蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Cimei) | 經蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Huayu) | 經蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Zhongtun) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Houliao) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Tongliang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Jibei) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 蝲䗁 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 胡蠅虎 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蜘蛛 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 𧑃蚜 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 紅蜈 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 龍牙古 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 八臘爺 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 八臘爺 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 八臘爺 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蜘蛛, 八臘爺 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 蜘蛛 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 蜘蛛 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 爬拉䗁 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蠄蟧, 蜘蛛 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 爪揸, 蛛蛛 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 飛絲 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 蛛蛛子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 蛛蛛, 蛛蛛子 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Baisha) | 蛛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蜘蛛, 結蛛 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 結蛛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 結蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 結蛛, 蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蛛蛛, 結蛛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 絲網蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蟢, 八腳蟢, 蜘蛛 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 蟢 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蜘蛛子, 蜘蛛 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蜘蛛子, 蜘蛛 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 蜾蛛子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 剝絲 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 八腳每 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 包絲 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 蝲䗁 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 蠄蟧 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 香絲老網 |
| Note | QJ - between ancient Qin and Jin ZW - in the vicinity of ancient Zhao and Wei NY - between Northern Yan, Korea and Lieshui Q - ancient Qi | QJ - between ancient Qin and Jin ZW - in the vicinity of ancient Zhao and Wei NY - between Northern Yan, Korea and Lieshui Q - ancient Qi |

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “八腊爷”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 24.