# 音樂
## Chinese

* 音樂 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 音樂 (Cantonese)
* 音樂 (Gan)
* yîm-ngo̍k (Hakka)
* Ĭng-ngŏk (Eastern Min)
* im-ga̍k (Southern Min)
* 音樂 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yīnyuè
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йинйүә (yinyüə, I-III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam$^1$ ngok$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yim$^1$ ngok$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yîm-ngo̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): rhim$^ˋ$ ngog$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yim$^1$ ngog$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng-ngŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing$^1$ gah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): im-ga̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): im$^1$ ghaoh$^8$ / im$^1$ ngaoh$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$in-yaq$_8$ / $^1$in-yoq$_8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīnyuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yinyuè
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$-yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: yīn-ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inyueh
*** Palladius: иньюэ (inʹjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йинйүә (yinyüə, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²⁴ yə⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^1$ ngok$^6$
*** Yale: yām ngohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^1$ ngok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^1$ ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yim$^1$ ngok$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jim³³ ᵑɡɔk̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm-ngo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: im$^ˊ$ ngog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^1$ ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /im²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋok̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm-ngo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)im$^ˊ$ ngog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^1$ ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)im²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋok̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhim$^ˋ$ ngog$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒim⁵³ ŋok²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yim$^1$ ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /im⁴⁴ ŋɔk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng-ngŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵ ŋouʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ing$^1$ gah$^7$ [Phonetic: ing$^5$ ngah$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ing$^1$ gah$^7$ [Phonetic: ing$^5$ ngah$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋaʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: im-ga̍k
*** Tâi-lô: im-ga̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: imgak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /im³³ ɡak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /im⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: im$^1$ ghaoh$^8$ / im$^1$ ngaoh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: im ga̍uh / im nga̍uh
*** Sinological IPA : /im³³⁻²³ ɡauʔ⁴/, /im³³⁻²³ ŋauʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-yaq$_8$
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ yah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$in-hhiaq$_5$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦiaʔ²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-yoq$_8$
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ yoh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /in⁴⁴ ɦioʔ/
* Middle Chinese: 'im ngaewk
Rime :
| Character | 音 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 於金切 | 五角切 |
| Baxter | 'im | ngaewk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiɪm/ | /ŋˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚim/ | /ŋᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiem/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjim/ | /ŋaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔjəm/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭĕm/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯əm/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^1$ | ngok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əm [ŋ]ˤrawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯm ŋraːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 音 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔim › | ‹ ngæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[q](r)əm/ | /*[ŋ]ˁrawk/ |
| English | sound, tone | music |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 音 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 15223 | 7683 |
| Phonetic component | 音 | 樂 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 音 | 嶽 |
| Old Chinese | /*qrɯm/ | /*ŋraːwɢ/ |

### Noun

音樂
* (countable, uncountable) music (series of sounds organized in time) (Classifier: 首; 段; 曲)
    聽音樂／听音乐 ― tīng yīnyuè ― to listen to music
    放音樂／放音乐 ― fàng yīnyuè ― to play music
    嘻哈音樂／嘻哈音乐 ― xīhā yīnyuè ― hip-hop music
       Nǐ xǐhuān shénmeyàng de yīnyuè? [Pinyin]
       What kind of music do you like?
       Nǐ xǐhuān biān tīng yīnyuè biān zuò zuòyè ma? [Pinyin]
       Do you like to listen to music while doing your homework?

#### Synonyms

* 弦歌 (xiángē) (figurative)
* 樂 / 乐 (literary, or in compounds)
* 音聲 / 音声 (yīnshēng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 世界音樂 / 世界音乐 (shìjiè yīnyuè)
* 古典音樂 / 古典音乐 (gǔdiǎn yīnyuè)
* 搖滾音樂 / 摇滚音乐 (yáogǔn yīnyuè)
* 樂器 / 乐器 (yuèqì)
* 標題音樂 / 标题音乐 (biāotí yīnyuè)
* 流行音樂 / 流行音乐 (liúxíng yīnyuè)
* 浩室音樂 / 浩室音乐 (hàoshì yīnyuè)
* 爵士音樂 / 爵士音乐 (juéshì yīnyuè)
* 背景音樂 / 背景音乐 (bèijǐng yīnyuè)
* 輕音樂 / 轻音乐 (qīngyīnyuè)
* 鄉村音樂 / 乡村音乐 (xiāngcūn yīnyuè)
* 重金屬音樂 / 重金属音乐 (zhòngjīnshǔ yīnyuè)
* 電子音樂 / 电子音乐 (diànzǐ yīnyuè)
* 音樂劇 / 音乐剧 (yīnyuèjù)
* 音樂噴泉 / 音乐喷泉 (yīnyuè pēnquán)
* 音樂學 / 音乐学 (yīnyuèxué)
* 音樂家 / 音乐家 (yīnyuèjiā)
* 音樂廳 / 音乐厅 (yīnyuètīng)
* 音樂會 / 音乐会 (yīnyuèhuì)
* 音樂治療 / 音乐治疗 (yīnyuè zhìliáo)
* 音樂理論 / 音乐理论 (yīnyuè lǐlùn)
* 音樂療法 / 音乐疗法 (yīnyuè liáofǎ)
* 音樂視頻 / 音乐视频 (yīnyuè shìpín)
* 音樂茶座 / 音乐茶座 (yīnyuè cházuò)
* 音樂錄影帶 / 音乐录影带 (yīnyuè lùyǐngdài)
* 音樂門鈴 / 音乐门铃 (yīnyuè ménlíng)
* 音樂院 / 音乐院 (yīnyuèyuàn)
* 音樂電視 / 音乐电视 (yīnyuè diànshì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 音楽(おんがく) (ongaku)
* → Korean: 음악(音樂) (eumak)
* → Vietnamese: âm nhạc (音樂)
Others:
* → Zhuang: yinhyoz

### References

* “Entry #22144”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 音 | 樂 |
| おん Grade: 1 | がく Jinmeiyō |
| goon ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 音樂 – see the following entry. :
| 【音楽おんがく】 | [noun] music |
(This term, 音樂, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 音 | 樂 |

### Noun

音樂 • (eumak) (hangeul 음악)
* hanja form of 음악 (“music”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 音 | 樂 |
| Grade: 1 | Jinmeiyō |

### Proper noun

音樂(うんがく) (ungaku)
* Kyūjitai form of 音楽 (“music”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 音 | 樂 |

### Noun

音樂
* chữ Hán form of âm nhạc (“music (as a concept)”).
    Near-synonym: 樂 (nhạc) (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)