OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# rastacuero
## Spanish
### Etymology

From (ar)rastrar and cuero (“hide; leather”), perhaps alluding to fortunes made trading leather.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rastaˈkweɾo/ [ras.t̪aˈkwe.ɾo]

### Noun

rastacuero m (plural rastacueros)
* rastaquouère

#### Descendants

* → French: rastaquouère
** → English: rastaquouère

### References

* ↑ Etymology and history of “rastaquouère”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Further reading

* “rastacuero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# مظفرآباد
## Persian
### Etymology

From مظفر (mozaffar) +‎ ـآباد (-âbâd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.zaf.fa.ɾɑː.βɑːð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.zäf.fä.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.zäf.fä.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.zäf.fä.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.zäf.fä.ɾɔː.bɔːd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.zæf.fæ.ɹɒː.bɒːd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.zäf.fä.ɾɔ.bɔd̪]

### Proper noun

| Dari | مظفرآباد |
| Iranian Persian | مظفرآباد |
| Tajik | Музаффаробод |
مظفرآباد • (mozaffar-âbâd)
* Muzaffarabad (a city, the provincial capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, an autonomous territory of Pakistan)
# f**a
## Italian
### Noun

f**a f (plural f**e)
* Censored spelling of figa.
# 磚厝
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "砖厝".)

### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zue$^1$ cou$^4$ / zuiⁿ$^1$ cou$^4$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zue$^1$ cou$^4$ [Phonetic: zue$^5$ lou$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suei⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$lɔu⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zuiⁿ$^1$ cou$^4$ [Phonetic: zuiⁿ$^5$ nou$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sũĩ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$nɔu⁴²/

### Noun

磚厝
* (Putian Puxian Min) house made of bricks

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “砖厝”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 602.
# objective synonym
## English
### Noun

objective synonym (plural objective synonyms)
* (zoology, taxonomy) A synonym that shares the same type with the another name.

### See also

* homotypic
# препоручени
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian препоручен / preporučen, or from препоручиц (preporučic) +‎ -ени (-eni). See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɛpɔruˈt͡ʃɛni]
* Rhymes: -ɛni
* Hyphenation: пре‧по‧ру‧че‧ни

### Adjective

препоручени (preporučeni) (not comparable)
* recommended

#### Declension
### Participle

препоручени (preporučeni)
* past passive perfective participle of препоручиц (preporučic)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “препоручени”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# monstermeisje
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

monstermeisje n (plural monstermeisjes)
* A monstrous girl.
# sandglass
## English
### Etymology

From sand +‎ glass.

### Noun

sandglass (plural sandglasses)
* An instrument for measuring the passage of time by the passage of sand through a narrow opening.

#### Hyponyms

* hourglass
* sand timer
* watch glass
# churâ
## Macanese
### Alternative forms

* churá, chorá, (theoretical) chorâ

### Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese chorar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃuˈɾɐ/

### Verb

churâ
* to cry, to weep
    churâ lágri curto-comprido ― to cry inconsolably (literally, “to cry tears short-long”)

#### Derived terms

* fifó-churâ

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm#c
# grdykać
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* grdękać (Kielce)

### Etymology

From grdyk +‎ -ać.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈɡrdɘ.kat͡ɕ/

### Verb

grdykać impf
* (transitive, Kielce) Synonym of pić (“to drink alcohol”)
* (intransitive, Kielce) Synonym of marudzić (“to complain”)

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “grdykać”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 247
* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “grdykać”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 336
# aíra
## Nheengatu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ˈi.ɾa/

### Noun

aíra (IIb class pluriform, plural aíra-itá, absolute taíra, R1 raíra, R2 taíra)
* son (in relation to the mother)

#### Coordinate terms

* manha (“mother”)
* paya (“father”)
* mú (“brother - of a man”)
* kiwira (“brother - of a woman”)
* endira (“sister - of a man”)
* amú (“sister - of a woman”)
* ayera (“daughter - of a man”)
* membira (“child - of a woman”)

## Spanish
### Verb

aíra
* inflection of airar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
# crustabamini
## Latin
### Verb

crustābāminī
* second-person plural imperfect passive indicative of crustō
# lähimmäs
## Finnish
### Etymology

lähin (“nearest”) +‎ -s (s-lative singular)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlæhimːæs/, [ˈlæɦimːæs̠]
* Rhymes: -æhimːæs
* Hyphenation: lä‧him‧mäs

### Adverb

lähimmäs
* Synonym of lähimmäksi

### Further reading

* “lähimmäs”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# మాఱుచు
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

మాఱ్చు (māṟcu), మారుచు (mārucu)

### Etymology

From మాఱు (māṟu, “to change”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maːrut͡ɕu/, [maːrut͡ʃu]

### Verb

మాఱుచు • (māṟucu)
* (transitive) to change
# forcas
## Portuguese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfoʁ.kɐs/ [ˈfoh.kɐs]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfoʁ.kɐs/ [ˈfoh.kɐs]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈfoɾ.kɐs/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈfoʁ.kɐʃ/ [ˈfoχ.kɐʃ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfoɻ.kas/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfoɾ.kɐʃ/
* Rhymes: -oʁkɐs, -oɾkɐs
* Hyphenation: for‧cas

#### Noun

forcas
* plural of forca

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɔʁ.kɐs/ [ˈfɔh.kɐs]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɔʁ.kɐs/ [ˈfɔh.kɐs]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈfɔɾ.kɐs/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈfɔʁ.kɐʃ/ [ˈfɔχ.kɐʃ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfɔɻ.kas/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfɔɾ.kɐʃ/
* Rhymes: -ɔʁkɐs, -ɔɾkɐs
* Hyphenation: for‧cas

#### Verb

forcas
* second-person singular present indicative of forcar
# przemawiać
## Polish
### Etymology

From prze- +‎ mawiać. First attested in the 16th cenetury.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛˈma.vjat͡ɕ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: (16th c.) /pr̝ɛˈma.vjat͡ɕ/, (17th–18th c.) /pʂɛˈma.vjat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -avjat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: prze‧ma‧wiać

### Verb

przemawiać impf (perfective przemówić)
* (intransitive) to speak (to deliver a message to a group; to deliver a speech) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]
* (intransitive) to speak up (to gain the ability speak)
* (intransitive) to speak up (to begin speaking)
    Synonym: odzywać się
* (intransitive, literary) to put in a good word [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for whom’]
    Synonym: wstawiać się
* (intransitive) to speak to (to speak to someone in a particular manner) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]
* (intransitive) to speak through (to appear in someone's behavior) [with przez (+ accusative) ‘through whom’]
* (transitive) to talk over to talk around [with do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]
* (intransitive) to speak for, to speak against (to attest to something's benefit or detriment) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’], [with przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against what’]
* (reflexive with się, archaic) to argue, to fight

#### Derived terms

* przemawiacz
* przemawiać do ręki impf, przemówić do ręki pf
* przemawiać własnym głosem impf, przemówić własnym głosem pf

#### Related terms

* przemowny
* przemówieniowy
* przemowa
* przemówca
* przemówczyni
* przemówienie
* przemówionko
* mówić impf

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “przemawiać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “przemawiać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

### Further reading

* przemawiać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* przemawiać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “przemawiać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “przemawiać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “przemawiać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 131
* przemawiać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# grdękać
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈɡrdɛŋ.kat͡ɕ/

### Verb

grdękać impf
* (intransitive, Kielce) Alternative form of grdykać (“to complain”)

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “grdękać”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 336
# 離婚届
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 離 | 婚 | 届 |
| り Grade: S | こん Grade: S | とど(け) Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |||
* Alternative spellings
* 離婚屆 (kyūjitai) 離婚届け

### Etymology

離婚 (“divorce”) +‎ 届 (“notice”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りこんとどけ [rìkóńtóꜜdòkè] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ɾʲikõ̞nto̞do̞ke̞]

### Noun

離(り)婚(こん)届(とどけ) • (rikontodoke)
* divorce registration papers
# crustarentur
## Latin
### Verb

crustārentur
* third-person plural imperfect passive subjunctive of crustō
# mağdur
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish مغدور (mağdur), from Arabic مَغْدُور (maḡdūr), passive participle of غَدَرَ (ḡadara, “to betray, desert”). Nişanyan considers this a pseudo-loan, a regular Arabic formation not attested in Arabic when it appeared in Ottoman Turkish in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maːˈduɾ/

### Adjective

mağdur
* (of a person) Treated unjustly; aggrieved.

#### Declension
### Noun

mağdur (definite accusative mağduru, plural mağdurlar)
* (law) victim

#### Derived terms

* mağduriyet
* mağdur olmak
* mağdur etmek

#### Related terms

* mağdure

### Further reading

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mağdur”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 3, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3009
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مغدور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1198b
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “mağdur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# మాసకమ్మ
## Telugu
### Noun

మాసకమ్మ • (māsakamma) ? (plural మాసకమ్మలు)
* a woman with male characteristics

#### Synonyms

* మాచకమ్మ (mācakamma)

### References

"మాసకమ్మ" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 981
# Puppato
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Puppato m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# the straw that broke the camel's back
## English
### Etymology

Possibly from the proverb, recorded by Thomas Fuller in his Gnomologia (1732) as “Tis the last feather that breaks the horse's back.” This comes from an Arab proverb about loading up a camel beyond its capacity to move.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

the straw that broke the camel’s back
* (idiomatic) A small and seemingly insignificant addition to a burden that renders it too much to bear; the small thing which causes failure, or causes inability or unwillingness to endure any more of something.
    Synonym: the stroke that broke the camel's back
** 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, chapter II, in Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 13:As the last straw breaks the laden camel's back, this piece of underground information crushed the sinking spirits of Mr. Dombey.

#### See also

* final straw
* last straw
* the last drop makes the cup run over
# پدافند
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* پادآفند (pâd-âfand)

### Etymology

From پدـ (pad-, “prefix indicating opposite, reverse”) +‎ آفند (âfand, “attack, fight”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pa.ðɑː.fanð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ɑː.fän̪d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ɑː.fän̪d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ɑː.fän̪d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ɔː.fän̪d̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰæ.d̪ɒː.fæn̪d̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ɔ.fän̪d̪]

### Noun

پدافند • (padâfand) (plural پدافندها (padâfand-hâ))
* defence
    Synonym: دفاع (defâ')
    Antonyms: حمله (hamle), آفند (âfand)
    پدافند عامل ― padâfand-e 'âmel ― active defence
    پدافند غیرعامل ― padâfand-e ğeyr-e âmel ― passive defence
    پدافند هوایی ― padâfand-e havâyi ― air defence

#### Usage notes

This word is only used when talking about the military but دفاع (defâ') can be used in any context.
# strzyc oczami
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* strzyc oczyma

### Etymology

Literally, “to shear with eyes”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstʂɘt͡s ɔˈt͡ʂa.mi/
* Syllabification: strzyc o‧cza‧mi

### Verb

strzyc oczami impf
* (intransitive, idiomatic) to make eyes [with do (+ genitive) ‘at whom’]
    Coordinate terms: strzelać oczami, strzyc uszami

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* ktoś strzyże oczami in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* strzyc oczami in the Korpus Języka Polskiego PWN [PWN Corpus of the Polish Language]
# 届

| 届 | U+5C4A, &#23626; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4A |
| ← 屉 [U+5C49] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 屋 → [U+5C4B] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 届 |
| Simplified | 届 |
| Traditional | 屆 |

### Han character

届 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸中田 (SLW), composition ⿸尸由)

#### Derived characters

* 𥇗

#### Related characters

* 屆 (Traditional form of 届)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 301, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7667
* Dae Jaweon: page 597, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 969, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5C4A

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 届 – see 屆 (“to arrive; to reach; to come or go to a particular destination; to be at a location or moment; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 屆).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 届 |
| Kyūjitai | 屆 |

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 屆)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: とどける (todokeru, 届ける, Jōyō)、とどく (todoku, 届く, Jōyō)、とどけ (todoke, 届け)、とどけ (todoke, 届)

### Suffix

* Kanji in this term
* 届
* とど(け) Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 屆 (kyūjitai) 届け 屆け (kyūjitai)
届(とどけ) • (-todoke)
* report, notice, registration
# zol
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

zol (countable and uncountable, plural zols)
* (South Africa, slang) A cannabis cigarette.
** 1983, Athol Fugard, Notebooks, 1960-1977, page 176:An important man as he was the only source of the brown paper used for rolling zols.
** 2001, K. Sello Duiker, The quiet violence of dreams, page 9:Look, you can't smoke four hundred zols a day...
** 2007, Shunna Pillay, Shadow people, page 43:"All right, where's the zol?" Raju asked. "Why?" "You want to go in, we've got to give him dagga."
** 2011, Erich Rautenbach, The Unexploded Boer:Along with pop culture came drug culture, and suddenly everyone was smoking zol.

#### Alternative forms

* zoll

### Anagrams

* LOZ, Loz, LoZ, LZO

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zɔl/

### Noun

zol (plural zolle, diminutive zolletjie)
* joint (cigarette containing weed)

#### Derived terms

* daggazol

## Polish
### Etymology

From the suffix -zol (in words like organozol, alkozol). Compare English -sol.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔl
* Syllabification: zol

### Noun

zol m inan
* (physical chemistry) sol (type of colloid in which a solid is dispersed in a liquid)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* zol in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

zol (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Further reading

* “zol” in Enedilim.com
* “zol” in Webonary.org

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ذَال (ḏāl).

### Noun

zol (plural zollar)
* the Arabic letter ذ
# iudgmentes
## English
### Noun

iudgmentes
* plural of iudgmente
# మిణుగురుపురుగు
## Telugu
### Etymology

* మిణుగురు (miṇuguru) +‎ పురుగు (purugu)

### Noun

మిణుగురుపురుగు • (miṇugurupurugu) ? (plural మిణుగురుపురుగులు)
* firefly or glowworm

### References

* "మిణుకు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 985
# toombadinin twarn
## Woiwurrung
### Verb

toombadinin twarn
* foretell

### See also

ngargoonin twarn

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# ranʉʉng
## Kanakanabu
### Noun

ranʉʉng
* leaf
# Australijŏ
## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (non-Western) /aws.traˈli.jɔ/, (Western Silesian) /aws.traˈli.jɔw/, (Głogówek) /aws.traˈli.jɛw/
* Audio (non-Western):(file)
* Rhymes: -ijɔ, -ijɔw, -ijɛw
* Syllabification: Aus‧tra‧li‧jŏ

### Proper noun

Australijŏ f
* Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)
    Synonym: Zwjůnzek Australijski
# underlining
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

From underline +‎ -ing.

#### Verb

underlining
* present participle and gerund of underline

#### Noun

underlining (countable and uncountable, plural underlinings)
* An act or instance of marking text with an underline.
    Synonym: underlineation
** 2005, Theodore Cheney, Getting the Words Right, page 238:There are so many underlinings, so many exclamation points in the margins, and so much highlighting from my many readings and appreciatings that it looks like a case of severe book abuse. It is not; these are marks of love.

### Etymology 2

From under- +‎ lining.

#### Noun

underlining (plural underlinings)
* A lining on the inside of a garment.
# ಇರುಳು
## Kannada
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *cirVḷ. Cognate with Malayalam ഇരുൾ (iruḷ), Tamil இருள் (iruḷ), Telugu ఇరులు (irulu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɾuɭu/

### Noun

ಇರುಳು • (iruḷu)
* (archaic, rare) night
    Synonym: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)
    Antonyms: ಹಗಲು (hagalu), ದಿನ (dina)

#### Declension

| Case/Form | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | ಇರುಳು (iruḷu) | ಇರುಳುಗಳು (iruḷugaḷu) |
| Accusative | ಇರುಳನ್ನು (iruḷannu) | ಇರುಳುಗಳನ್ನು (iruḷugaḷannu) |
| Instrumental | ಇರುಳಿನಿಂದ (iruḷininda) | ಇರುಳುಗಳಿಂದ (iruḷugaḷinda) |
| Dative | ಇರುಳಿಗೆ (iruḷige) | ಇರುಳುಗಳಿಗೆ (iruḷugaḷige) |
| Genitive | ಇರುಳಿನ (iruḷina) | ಇರುಳುಗಳ (iruḷugaḷa) |
# Zmiivka
## English
### Alternative forms

* Zmiyivka

### Etymology

From Ukrainian Змії́вка (Zmijívka). Compare Zmeyevka, Zmeyovka, Zmiyevka, and Zmiyovka.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: zmēyēvʹkə, IPA: /zmiːˈjiːvkə/

### Proper noun

Zmiivka
* A village in Beryslav urban hromada, Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1804 but incorporating an older settlement (Verbivka) founded in 1782.
    Synonym: Schlangendorf (former name, changed in the wake of the Second World War)
    Meronyms: Kostyrka, Mykhailivka, Verbivka (formerly separate settlements, merged into Zmiivka following the transfer of two-and-a-half thousand Boiky to the area from land ceded by the Soviet Union to Poland in 1951)
* A village in Svatove urban hromada, Svatove Raion, Luhansk Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1954.
* The former name, from 1946 to 1991, of Kidosh (that village in Berehove urban hromada, Berehove Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, the Ukraine, first mentioned in 1332).

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Zmiivka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Zmiivka, Luhansk Oblast on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# మినప
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /minapa/

### Adjective

మినప • (minapa)
* of or pertaining to black gram
    మినపపప్పుminapapappusplit pulse grains of black gram
# frequentar
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* freqüentar (pre-1990 spelling)
* freqùentar (pre-reform)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin frequentāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾe.kwẽˈta(ʁ)/ [fɾe.kwẽˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾe.kwẽˈta(ʁ)/ [fɾe.kwẽˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /fɾe.kwẽˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /fɾe.kwẽˈta(ʁ)/ [fɾe.kwẽˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fɾe.kwẽˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨ.kwẽˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨ.kwẽˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨ.kwẽˈta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: fre‧quen‧tar

### Verb

frequentar (first-person singular present frequento, first-person singular preterite frequentei, past participle frequentado)
* to frequent, attend, visit

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:frequentar.
# trickle-down hypothesis
## English
### Alternative forms

* trickle down hypothesis

### Etymology

Attributed to humorist Will Rogers.

### Noun

trickle-down hypothesis
* (economics) The idea that policies benefiting the wealthy shall ultimately benefit everybody else.
** 2013, Santosh Mehrotra, Enrique Delamonica, Eliminating Human Poverty […] , Zed Books Ltd., →ISBN:The trickle-down hypothesis assumes society is composed of homogenous people with equal chances of participating in the market and finding jobs.

#### See also

* trickle down
* supply-side economics
* shit rolls downhill

### References

* ↑ Jared Keller (2017 June 14) “The IMF Confirms That ‘Trickle-Down’ Economics Is, Indeed, a Joke”, in Pacific Standard‎: “Few people know, however, that the phrase was actually coined by American humorist Will Rogers, who mocked President Herbert Hoover’s Depression-era recovery efforts, saying that “money was all appropriated for the top in the hopes it would trickle down to the needy.””

### Further reading

* trickle-down economics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# کمانچه
## Persian
### Etymology

From کمان (kamân, “arc”) +‎ ـچه (-če, diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ka.mɑːn.t͡ʃa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰä.mɔːn.t͡ʃʰä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæ.mɒːn.t͡ʃʰe]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰä.mɔn.t͡ʃʰä]

### Noun

کمانچه • (kamânče) (plural کمانچه‌ها (kamânče-hâ))
* kamancheh
* fiddle, violin

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: كَمَنْجَة (kamanja)
* → Armenian: քամանչա (kʻamančʻa)
* → Azerbaijani: kamança
* → Georgian: ქამანჩა (kamanča)
* → Gujarati: કમાનચા (kamāncā)
* → Ottoman Turkish: كمانچه (kemençe)
** Turkish: kemençe
** → Macedonian: кемане (kemane)
# haby
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech háby.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈxa.bɘ/

### Noun

haby nvir pl
* (Kielce) laundry soaked in washing water

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “haby”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 336