# 壬

| 壬 | U+58EC, &#22764; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EC |
| ← 士 [U+58EB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壭 → [U+58ED] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壬 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹土 (HG), four-corner 2010$_4$, composition ⿱丿士(GJKV) or ⿱一士(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 任, 𠰃, 妊, 廷, 𨑳, 𢗖, 𢪭, 𭯺, 狅, 𣐅, 𭷗, 祍, 䏕, 𥄮, 衽, 紝 (纴), 䚾, 𦔽, 軠, 鈓 (𬬯), 𭐺, 飪 (饪)
* 𫧺, 𠁪, 𫡖, 𫡘, 𧠒, 丢, 㸒, 𡔟, 𡴍, 𡔨, 𣈂, 𭰶, 𩂐, 𩬎, 𡅚, 𡔞, 𢇦, 𫊟, 𢧌, 𨳝
* 𰃧, 䨙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5639
* Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 417, character 1
* Unihan data for U+58EC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壬 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 紝 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 鵀 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 拰 | *nɯmʔ |
| 賃 | *nɯms |
| 任 | *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 壬 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm |
| 恁 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 銋 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 荏 | *njɯmʔ |
| 餁 | *njɯmʔ |
| 栠 | *njɯmʔ |
| 袵 | *njɯmʔ |
| 飪 | *njɯmʔ |
| 妊 | *njɯms |
| 衽 | *njɯms |
Pictogram (象形): Possibly carrying pole with a point drawn in the middle, a meaning that was later transferred to 任 (rèn). As an alternative, it's a double-blade axe perhaps made of stone.
The pole is drawn like 工, however the two characters are unrelated; their correlation should belong to folk etymology.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rén (ren$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngìm
    (Hailu, HRS): ngim
* Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lîm / jîm / līm / jīm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rim$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rén
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rén
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$
*** Yale: rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ren$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
*** Sinological IPA : /zən²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^4$
*** Yale: yàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngim$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋim¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngim
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋim⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîm
*** Tâi-lô: lîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liim
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lim²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîm
*** Tâi-lô: jîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiim
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
*** Tâi-lô: līm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lim
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
*** Tâi-lô: jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rim$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zim³⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit壬 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʐən⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʐẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐən⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʐẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʐə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /zən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /zen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐə̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʐəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ian⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋim¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋim¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐm²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɐm²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐm²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lim³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zim³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zim³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyim
Rime :
| Character | 壬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如林切 |
| Baxter | nyim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyim › |
| Old Chinese | /*n[ə]m/ |
| English | 9th heavenly stem |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壬 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10809 |
| Phonetic component | 壬 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 任 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯm/ |
| Notes | 甲文作工，象機縷，爲紝初文，坙（經）字從之 |

### Definitions

壬
* the ninth of the ten heavenly stems
* crafty; fawning
* a surname
* (Internet slang, derogatory) Eye dialect spelling of 人 (rén).

### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁 (dīng), 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ)

### Compounds

* 壬人 (rénrén)
* 壬公
* 壬林
* 小六壬

### Descendants

* → Zhuang: nyaemz

### References

* “壬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

#### Southern Min

* “壬”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* ninth of the ten heavenly stems
* ninth rank
** something I

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin)
* Kan-on: じん (jin)
* Kun: みずのえ (mizunoe, 壬)
* Nanori: つぐ (tsugu)、みず (mizu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 壬
* じん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 壬 (nyim).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じん [jíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩɴ]
* Homophones: ジン, 人, 刃, 仁, 沈, 陣, 尋, 塵

#### Proper noun

壬(じん) • (Jin)
* the ninth of the ten heavenly stems; something I
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 壬
* みずのえ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みずのえ [mìzúnóꜜè] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mʲizɨno̞e̞]

#### Proper noun

壬(みずのえ) • (Mizunoe)
* the ninth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

## Korean
### Hanja

壬 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壬: Hán Nôm readings: nhăm, nhám, nhằm, nhâm, râm, nhẹm
* chữ Hán form of Nhâm (“ninth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

#### Compounds

* 壬午 (Nhâm Ngọ)
* 壬子 (Nhâm Tý)
* 壬寅 (Nhâm Dần)
* 壬戌 (Nhâm Tuất)
* 壬申 (Nhâm Thân)
* 壬辰 (Nhâm Thìn)