# πωλέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pl̥n-, with potential cognates including Sanskrit पणते (páṇate, “to barter, negotiate”), Lithuanian pel̃nas (“profit, gain”), Proto-Slavic *pȇlnъ (“loot, spoils”), and Proto-Germanic *falaz (“for sale”). However, could also be related to ἐμπολή (empolḗ, “trade, purchase”), which is usually connected with πέλομαι (pélomai, “to turn”), itself from πέλω (pélō, “I move, am”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔː.lé.ɔː/ → /poˈle.o/ → /poˈle.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pɔː.lé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /poˈle.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /poˈle.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /poˈle.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /poˈle.o/

### Verb

πωλέω • (pōléō)
* to sell
** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 722
** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 543
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Trierarchic Crown 22
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Reply to Philip 18
** 540 BCE – 450 BCE, Epicharmus, Collected Works 287
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.139
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.105
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.80
** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Fr. 50
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 741b
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 260d
** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.6.4
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.60
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hiero 1.13
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.36
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.13
** Palatine Anthology 11.3
** Ι levy taxes
*** 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 119
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 47.2
** to sell an office
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 62.1
** to betray
*** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 633
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Theocrines 35
*** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 141
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Halonnesus 17

#### Inflection

Suppletive forms from ἀποδίδομαι (apodídomai), usual in Attic prose:

#### Synonyms

* ἀποδίδομαι (apodídomai)
* πιπράσκω (pipráskō)
* πέρνημι (pérnēmi)

#### Antonyms

* ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “I buy”)

#### Derived terms

* ἀλλαντοπωλέω (allantopōléō)
* ἀνᾰπωλέω (anăpōléō)
* ἀρτοπωλέω (artopōléō)
* γελγοπωλέω (gelgopōléō)
* δῐᾰπωλέω (dĭăpōléō)
* ἐλαιοπώλέω (elaiopṓléō)
* ἐμπωλέω (empōléō)
* ἐπῐπωλέω (epĭpōléō)
* ἐριοπωλέω (eriopōléō)
* ἰχθῠοπωλέω (ikhthŭopōléō)
* κᾰτᾰπωλέω (kătăpōléō)
* κερᾰμοπωλέω (kerămopōléō)
* κρεοπωλέω (kreopōléō)
* λᾰφῡροπωλέω (lăphūropōléō)
* λῐβᾰνωτοπωλέω (lĭbănōtopōléō)
* λοφοπωλέω (lophopōléō)
* λυχνοπωλέω (lukhnopōléō)
* μελῐτοπωλέω (melĭtopōléō)
* μετᾰπωλέω (metăpōléō)
* μονοπωλέω (monopōléō)
* μῠροπωλέω (mŭropōléō)
* οἰνοπωλέω (oinopōléō)
* παντοπωλέω (pantopōléō)
* πᾰρᾰπωλέω (părăpōléō)
* προπωλέω (propōléō)
* προσπωλέω (prospōléō)
* πῡροπωλέω (pūropōléō)
* ῥωποπωλέω (rhōpopōléō)
* σῑτοπωλέω (sītopōléō)
* σῠμπωλέω (sŭmpōléō)
* τᾰρῑχοπωλέω (tărīkhopōléō)
* τῑμιοπωλέω (tīmiopōléō)
* τῡροπωλέω (tūropōléō)
* φαρμᾰκοπωλέω (pharmăkopōléō)
* χοιροπωλέω (khoiropōléō)

#### Related terms

* πώλημᾰ (pṓlēmă)
* πώλης (pṓlēs)
* πώλησῐς (pṓlēsĭs)
* πωληταί (pōlētaí)
* πωλητήρ (pōlētḗr)
* πωλητήρῐον (pōlētḗrĭon)
* πωλητής (pōlētḗs)
* πωλητῐκός (pōlētĭkós)
* πωλητός (pōlētós)
* πωλήτρῐᾰ (pōlḗtrĭă)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πωλώ (poló, “to sell”), πουλάω (pouláo, “to sell”), πουλώ (pouló, “to sell”)
* Mariupol Greek: пулу́ (pulú)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πωλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1265

### Further reading

* “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πωλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* G4453 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. sell idem, page 751.trade idem, page 885.
* “πωλέω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011