# 菟

| 菟 | U+83DF, &#33759; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83DF |
| ← 菞 [U+83DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菠 → [U+83E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菟 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿弓日戈 (TNAI), four-corner 4441$_3$, composition ⿱艹兔)
* dodder
* creeper

#### Derived characters

* 𧈋, 𪆆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1038, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31189
* Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3237, character 8
* Unihan data for U+83DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 菟 | *tʰaːs, *daː |
| 兔 | *tʰaːs |
| 鵵 | *tʰaːs |
| 梚 | *daː |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tù (tu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tù
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tù
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^4$
*** Yale: tù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuh
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^3$
*** Yale: tou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: thuH
Rime :
| Character | 菟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 湯故切 |
| Baxter | thuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12508 |
| Phonetic component | 兔 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 菟 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰaːs/ |

#### Definitions

菟
* Used in 菟葵.
* Used in 菟裘.
* Used in 菟絲／菟丝 (tùsī) and 菟絲子／菟丝子 (tùsīzǐ).

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-la, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaʔ (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tú (tu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tú
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tú
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$
*** Yale: tú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$
*** Yale: tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: du
Rime :
| Character | 菟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 同都切 |
| Baxter | du |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /do/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /do/ |
| Wang Li | /du/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*daː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 12511 |
| Phonetic component | 兔 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徒 |
| Old Chinese | /*daː/ |

#### Definitions

菟
* Only used in 於菟 (wūtú). (obsolete, Old Chu) tiger

### References

* “菟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* dodder

#### Readings

* Go-on: つ (tsu)、ず (zu)
* Kan-on: と (to)
* Kun: うさぎ (usagi, 菟)
* Nanori: う (u)

#### Compounds

* 菟裘(ときゅう) (tokyū)
* 菟糸子(としし) (toshishi)
* 菟道(とどう) (todō)
* 於菟(おと) (oto)
* 菟砥(うと)川(かわ) (Utokawa)
* 菟(う)原(はら) (Uhara)
* 菟(う)本(もと) (Umoto)
* 菟田(うた) (Uta), 菟田(うだ) (Uda)
* 菟葵(イソギンチャク) (isoginchaku)
* 木菟(つく) (tsuku), 木菟(ずく) (zuku)
* 木菟(ミミズク) (mimizuku)

## Korean
### Hanja

菟 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.