OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# քաղց
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian քաղց (kʻałcʻ)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰɑχt͡sʰ/, [kʰɑχt͡sʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑχt͡s/, [kʰɑχt͡sʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

քաղց • (kʻaġcʻ)
* (somewhat formal) hunger

#### Synonyms

* սովածություն (sovacutʻyun)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swl̥dsḱ-, grown from *swel- (“to burn, to scorch”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *sweltaną, whence Old Norse svelta (“to starve”). See also Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr).

### Noun

քաղց • (kʻałcʻ)
* hunger
    քաղց դժնդակ, ուժգին, անհնարին ― kʻałcʻ džndak, užgin, anhnarin ― violent, canine, ravenous appetite or hunger
    յուղել զքաղց ― yułel zkʻałcʻ ― to excite, sharpen or quicken the appetite
    քաղցիւ հարկանիլ ― kʻałcʻiw harkanil ― to be hunger-beaten, to be or feel hungry
    մեռանել առ քաղցոյն ― meṙanel aṙ kʻałcʻoyn ― to starve, to die of starvation
    հարկանել զքաղց ― harkanel zkʻałcʻ ― to stay or satiate hunger
* (as an adjective) hungry

#### Derived terms

* անքաղց (ankʻałcʻ)
* անքաղցական (ankʻałcʻakan)
* աստուածաքաղցր (astuacakʻałcʻr)
* արծաթքաղցութիւն (arcatʻkʻałcʻutʻiwn)
* ընչաքաղց (ənčʻakʻałcʻ)
* ընչաքաղցութիւն (ənčʻakʻałcʻutʻiwn)
* քաղցական (kʻałcʻakan)
* քաղցանամ (kʻałcʻanam)
* քաղցաւոր (kʻałcʻawor)
* քաղցելաբար (kʻałcʻelabar)
* քաղցեմ (kʻałcʻem)
* քաղցենամ (kʻałcʻenam)
* քաղցեցուցանեմ (kʻałcʻecʻucʻanem)
* քաղցկեղ (kʻałcʻkeł)
* քաղցնում (kʻałcʻnum)
* քաղցութիւն (kʻałcʻutʻiwn)
* քաղցումն (kʻałcʻumn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: քաղց (kʻaġcʻ)

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “քաղց”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “քաղց”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “քաղց”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# դամբան
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian դամբան (damban).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /dɑmˈbɑn/, [dɑmbɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /tɑmˈpɑn/, [tʰɑmpʰɑ́n]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: դամ‧բան

### Noun

դամբան • (damban)
* Synonym of դամբարան (dambaran)

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* դամբարան (dambaran)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰm̥bʰ- (“to dig”) +‎ -ան (-an). Cognate with Ancient Greek τάφος (táphos, “tomb”), ταφή (taphḗ), θάπτω (tháptō, “bury”) and Old Prussian dambo (“ground”). Martirosyan argues for a Mediterranean–Pontic substrate origin. Abkhaz а-дамра́ (a-damrá) may be borrowed from Proto-Armenian.

### Noun

դամբան • (damban)
* tomb, grave

#### Derived terms

* դամբանագէշ (dambanagēš)
* դամբանակ (dambanak)
* դամբանական (dambanakan)
* դամբարանեմ (dambaranem)
* դանբանագէշ (danbanagēš)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: դամբան (damban)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “դամբան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “դամբան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “դամբան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 232
# ջիլ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /d͡ʒil/, [d͡ʒil]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃil/, [t͡ʃʰil]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ջիլ • (ǰil)
* tendon, sinew
* vein
* muscle

#### Derived terms

* աքիլեսյան ջիլ (akʻilesyan ǰil)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ջիղ (ǰił), ջեղ (ǰeł)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiHslo-, from *gʷeyH- (“sinew”). Cognates include Latin filum (“thread”), Lithuanian gýsla, Proto-Slavic *žila.

### Noun

ջիլ • (ǰil)
* (anatomy) nerve, sinew (the ancients confused the two tissues)
** 5th century, Bible, Job 40.17:Կանգնեաց զտտուն իւր իբրեւ զնոճի, եւ ջիլք իւր զմիմեամբք պատեալ։Kangneacʻ zttun iwr ibrew znoči, ew ǰilkʻ iwr zmimeambkʻ pateal.Translation by Claude E. CoxIt stood up its tail like a cypress, and its sinews have been interwoven.
* fibre, string; whip
* (figuratively) nerve, sinews, force, vigour
    լուծանիլ ջղաց ― lucanil ǰłacʻ ― to become enervated
    զջիլս հարկանել ուրուք ― zǰils harkanel urukʻ ― to shock a person's nerves, to frighten, to terrify
    զջիլս հատանել ուրուք ― zǰils hatanel urukʻ ― to hurt a person's nerves, to weaken, to enervate

#### Usage notes

* In Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil) and ջիղ (ǰił) meant the same thing.
* In Job, translates Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron).

#### Declension

post-classical

#### Derived terms

* ամոլաջիլ (amolaǰil)
* անջիլ (anǰil)
* արջառաջիլ (arǰaṙaǰil)
* բնաջեղք (bnaǰełkʻ)
* լայնաջիլ (laynaǰil)
* մանրաջիլ (manraǰil)
* ջլաձիգ (ǰlajig)
* ջլապինդ (ǰlapind)
* ջլապնդեալ (ǰlapndeal)
* ջլատեմ (ǰlatem)
* ջլացեալ (ǰlacʻeal)
* ջլացուցանեմ (ǰlacʻucʻanem)
* ջլեայ (ǰleay)
* ջլեմ (ǰlem)
* ջլուտ (ǰlut)
* ջղալուծ (ǰłaluc)
* ջղակապ (ǰłakap)
* ջղատեսակ (ǰłatesak)
* ջղեայ (ǰłeay)
* ջղուտ (ǰłut)
* վարազաջեղք (varazaǰełkʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ջիլ (ǰil), ջիղ (ǰiġ)

### References

* ↑ Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, page 258

### Further reading

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ջիլ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ջիլ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ջիլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎, Zagreb, page 9
# քո
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* քու (kʻu) — Western Armenian

### Etymology

From Old Armenian քո (kʻo); see below.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰo/, [kʰo]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ko/, [kʰo]

### Pronoun

քո • (kʻo)
* (possessive) your, thy

#### Related terms

* քոնը (kʻonə)

#### See also

* Ձեր (Jer)
* -դ (-d)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* քոյ (kʻoy)

### Etymology

Genitive of դու (du, “you”) from Proto-Indo-European *two-. Cognate with Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Ancient Greek σός (sós).

### Pronoun

քո • (kʻo)
* (possessive) thy, your
    վասն քո բանիդ ― vasn kʻo banid ― upon your word
    լսելի եղեն աղօթք քո ― lseli ełen ałōtʻkʻ kʻo ― your prayers have been heard
    իմն եւ քո պատճառք ամենայն դատի/կռուոյ ― imn ew kʻo patčaṙkʻ amenayn dati/kṙuoy ― “mine and thine” are the causes of all law-suits

#### Declension

* influenced by յիմմէ (yimmē)

#### Derived terms

* քոազն (kʻoazn)
* քոյազն (kʻoyazn)
* քոյական (kʻoyakan)
* քոյին (kʻoyin)
* քոյինագործ (kʻoyinagorc)
* քոյինազէն (kʻoyinazēn)
* քոյինակրօն (kʻoyinakrōn)
* քոյինահրաման (kʻoyinahraman)
* քոյինանիւթ (kʻoyinaniwtʻ)
* քոյինաշունչ (kʻoyinašunčʻ)
* քոյինաստեղծ (kʻoyinastełc)
* քոյինատուր (kʻoyinatur)
* քովին (kʻovin)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: քո (kʻo)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “քո”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “քո”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 84, 110
# եկ
## Armenian
### Etymology 1

From Old Armenian եկ (ek); see below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /jek/, [jek]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /jeɡ/, [jeɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

#### Noun

եկ • (ek)
* (poetic, archaic) the act of coming, arrival
* (rare) income

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

եկ • (ek)
* (dialectal) second-person singular imperative of գալ (gal)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From the root եկ- (ek-), which fills part of the conjugation of գամ (gam). See there for more.

### Noun

եկ • (ek)
* (in the plural) event
    ի վերայ եկք ― i veray ekkʻ ― accident, misfortune
* stranger; proselyte
* (in the plural) income, revenue

#### Declension

post-classical

#### Derived terms

* ապեկ (apek)
* դեռեկ (deṙek)
* եկակոչ (ekakočʻ)
* եկամուտ (ekamut)
* եկամտական (ekamtakan)
* եկամտեմ (ekamtem)
* եկաւորեմ (ekaworem)
* եկաւորիմ (ekaworim)
* եկաւորութիւն (ekaworutʻiwn)
* եկելութիւն (ekelutʻiwn)
* եկող (ekoł)
* եկումն (ekumn)
* երթեւեկ (ertʻewek)
* զեկուցանեմ (zekucʻanem)
* ինքնեկ (inkʻnek)
* իրազեկ (irazek)
* նախեկող (naxekoł)
* նորեկ (norek)
* ուղեկալ (ułekal)
* չեկ (čʻek)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: եկ (ek)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “եկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “եկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “եկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 249
# spiritalitas
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* spīrituālitās

### Etymology

From spīritālis (“spiritual”) +‎ -tās, from spīritus (“breath, breathing; air; spirit”), from spirō (“breathe, respire; live”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /spiː.riˈtaː.li.taːs/, [s̠piːrɪˈt̪äːlʲɪt̪äːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /spi.riˈta.li.tas/, [spiriˈt̪äːlit̪äs]

### Noun

spīritālitās f (genitive spīritālitātis); third declension
* spirituality

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* spīrābilis
* spīrāculum
* spīrāmen
* spīrāmentum
* spīrātiō
* spīrātus
* spīritālis
* spīritāliter
* spīritus
* spīritus asper
* spīritus lēnis
* spīritus sānctus
* spīrō

### References

* “spiritalitas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* spiritalitas in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# viño
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* vinho (reintegrationist)
* vĩo (Ancarese)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vỹo, viño, vinno, from Latin vīnum. Compare Portuguese vinho, Fala viñu, and Spanish vino.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbiɲo/ [ˈbi.ɲʊ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɲo
* Hyphenation: vi‧ño

### Noun

viño m (plural viños)
* wine
    Dixo aquel rapaz que non era menos o viño que a ágoa, que era máis eu creo.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Related terms

* viña
* viñateiro
* viñedo
* viño branco
* viño cocido
* viño da casa
* viño da terra
* viño de espeto
* viño do país
* viño mol
* viño mosto
* viño novo
* viño rosete
* viño tinto
* viño tostado
* viño ullao

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “vino”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “viño”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “viño”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “viño”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “viño”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* “viño”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
# adiuro
## Latin
### Etymology

From ad- (“near, at; towards, to”) +‎ iūrō (“swear by oath”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /adˈi̯uː.roː/, [äd̪ˈi̯uːroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /adˈju.ro/, [äd̪ˈjuːro]

### Verb

adiūrō (present infinitive adiūrāre, perfect active adiūrāvī, supine adiūrātum); first conjugation
* (with accusative, accusative + infinitive, or ut) to swear to, confirm by an oath; swear in addition to
* (Late Latin) to conjure, adjure, beg earnestly
* (Late Latin) to exorcise

#### Derived terms

* adiūrāmentum
* adiūrātiō
* adiūrātor

#### Related terms

* abiūrō
* adiūrātōrius
* coniūrō
* dēierō
* ēiūrō
* iniūrō
* iūreiūrō
* obiūrō
* pēierō

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: adjurar
* → Old French: adjurer
** Middle French: adjurer
*** → Middle English: adjuren
**** English: adjure
*** French: adjurer

### References

* “adiuro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
# paddleboat
## English
### Alternative forms

* paddle boat
* paddle-boat

### Etymology

From paddle +‎ boat.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

paddleboat (plural paddleboats)
* (nautical) A boat propelled by a paddle wheel
** 2009 February 12, “Weir gate fault drains city lake”, in Herald Sun‎:It also caused major problems for businesses which relied on the lake and river, including the city's paddleboat operator and the river cruise company.
* (nautical, US, Canada, Australia) a pedalo
** 1996 April 2, Lisa Merakis, “Two women found floating in paddleboat — 400 miles from shore!”, in Weekly World News, →ISSN, page 33, [satirical]:Naval sources report the amazing rescue of two 65-year-old women who were found floating 400 miles off the coast of California — in a tiny paddleboat!
** 2010, Anne Anderson, Insiders' Guide® to the Greater Tampa Bay Area (Insiders' Guide Series), Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 70:Outdoors, guests can take a paddleboat and pedal their way around shaded waterways filled with swans and Nile perch

#### Derived terms

* paddleboater

#### See also

* paddle steamer (PS)
* sidewheeler
* sternwheeler
# եղունգն
## Armenian
### Noun

եղունգն • (eġungn)
* definite nominative singular of եղունգ (eġung)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* եղունկն (ełunkn)
* ղանկ (łank)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”) (*h₃nogʷʰ- or *h₃nogʰ-u-). Armenian presents phonological problems. Martirosyan proposes the following derivation chain: with secondary e-prothesis from Proto-Armenian *lungn, by dissimilation and loss of pretonic u- from *unúngn, through nasal anticipation from *unug-n, with a final nasal frequent in body-part terms (probably from Proto-Indo-European accusative *-m̥). See also մագիլ (magil). The other meanings are semantic loans from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux).

### Noun

եղունգն • (ełungn)
* nail; claw, talon; hoof
* (figuratively) an instrument of a sculptor; scraper
* onyx (gem)
* a kind of aromatic substance

#### Declension

a form եղենգունք (ełengunkʻ) is attested

#### Derived terms

* եղեգնաքար (ełegnakʻar)
* եղենգնաքար (ełengnakʻar)
* եղնգնաբերան (ełngnaberan)
* եղնգնաքար (ełngnakʻar)
* եղնգնեայ (ełngneay)
* լայնեղնգութիւն (laynełngutʻiwn)
* լայնեղունգն (laynełungn)
* լայնեղունկն (laynełunkn)
* ղնգնաբերան (łngnaberan)
* սարդեղունգն (sardełungn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: եղունգ (eġung)
* Middle Armenian: ղունգ (ġung), ղունկ (ġunk), ղունկն (ġunkn), ըղունգ (əġung), ըղունգն (əġungn), ըղունկ (əġunk), ըղունկն (əġunkn)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “եղունգն”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “եղունգն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “եղունգն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 254
# žebenkštis
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* (nominative singular) IPA: [ʒʲɛbʲɛŋkʲʃʲˈtʲɪs]
* (accusative plural) IPA: [ˈʒʲɛːbʲɛŋkʲʃʲtʲɪs]

### Noun

žebenkštìs f (plural žebenkštys) stress pattern 3
* weasel

#### Declension
### See also

* audinė (“mink”)
* kiaunė (“marten”)
* sabalas (“sable”)
* šermuonėlis (“ermine”)
* šeškas (“polecat”)
# նշխար
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* նշխարք (nšxarkʻ) — dialectal

### Etymology

From Old Armenian նշխար (nšxar).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /nəʃˈχɑɾ/, [nəʃχɑ́ɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /nəʃˈχɑɾ/, [nəʃχɑ́ɾ]

### Noun

նշխար • (nšxar)
* (Christianity) sacramental bread, consecrated bread, host
* relic (of a saint's body)

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Udi: нишкъатӏ (nišq̇aṭ), нишкъарт (nišq̇art)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* նշխարհ (nšxarh) — misspelling

### Etymology

From Middle Iranian *nišxʷar. See Persian نشخوار (nešxvâr, “cud; remnants of animal fodder”) for more.

### Noun

նշխար • (nšxar)
* small remains of bread or other food
* bit, piece, particle, fragment; rest, residue
    նշխարք եւ նշմարք հայաստանի ― nšxarkʻ ew nšmarkʻ hayastani ― the antiquities of Armenia (Picturesque Armenia)
* remains of a saint, relic
    նշխարք սրբոց ― nšxarkʻ srbocʻ ― relics of a saint
    տուփ նշխարաց ― tupʻ nšxaracʻ ― reliquary, shrine
* (Christianity) sacramental bread, consecrated bread, host
    նշխար պատարագի ― nšxar pataragi ― host, wafer
    նշխար կնքոյ ― nšxar knkʻoy ― wafer
    նշխար գործել/կազմել ― nšxar gorcel/kazmel ― to make wafers

#### Derived terms

* նշխարակուժ (nšxarakuž)
* նշխարատուն (nšxaratun)
* նշխարեմ (nšxarem)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: նշխար (nšxar), նշխարք (nšxarkʻ) — dialectal
** →⇒ Udi: нишкъатӏ (nišq̇aṭ), нишкъарт (nišq̇art)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “նշխար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 461–462
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “նշխար”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 537
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 897–898
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “նշխար”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Tʻireakʻean, Yarutʻiwn (1892) “Lezuakʻnnakan [Linguistic Examination]”, in Patker ašxarhik grakanutʻean : Arewmtean hayocʻ i verǰ koys ŽTʻ daru : Masn A (in Armenian), Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean, page 204 of 182–209
* Tʻireakʻean, Yarutʻiwn (1914) “նշխար”, in Ariahay baṙaran : Norog tesutʻeambkʻ ew yaweluacovkʻ [Armeno-Aryan Dictionary] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 290
# մար
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian մար (mar).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /mɑɾ/, [mɑɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /mɑɾ/, [mɑɾ]

### Noun

մար • (mar)
* Mede, inhabitant of historical Media
* (obsolete, nonstandard) Kurd

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Parthian 𐭌𐭀𐭃 (mʾd /⁠māδ⁠/). Compare Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐎭 (m-a-d /⁠māda⁠/).

### Noun

մար • (mar)
* Mede

#### Declension
### Adjective

մար • (mar)
* Median

#### Derived terms

* Մարաստան (Marastan)
* Մարք (Markʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: մար (mar)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մար”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մար”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# լիզեմ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* լիզանեմ (lizanem), լիզում (lizum), լեզում (lezum)

### Etymology

From *լէզ- (*lēz-, “to lick”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”).

### Verb

լիզեմ • (lizem)
* (transitive) to lick
* (transitive) to lap
* (transitive) to touch lightly
* (transitive, figuratively) to devour, to consume; to destroy, to annihilate

#### Derived terms

* առլեզ (aṙlez)
* լիզաջինջ (lizaǰinǰ)
* յարալեզ (yaralez)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: լիզել (lizel)
* →? Georgian: ლეზვი (lezvi)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “լիզեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “լէզ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 308
# խեթ
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χetʰ/, [χetʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χet/, [χetʰ]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

խեթ • (xetʻ)
* Hittite

##### Synonyms

* հաթ (hatʻ) (dated)

##### Derived terms

* խեթական (xetʻakan)
* խեթերեն (xetʻeren)

### Etymology 2

From Old Armenian խեթ (xetʻ) and խէթ (xētʻ); see there for more.

#### Adjective

խեթ • (xetʻ) (superlative ամենախեթ)
* squinting; scowling (of a gaze)
    խեթ նայել ― xetʻ nayel ― to look askance at, to look surlily, to scowl upon, to look at with aversion or dislike

##### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* խեդ (xed)

### Etymology

An ablaut grade of խայթ (xaytʻ), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd-.

### Noun

խեթ • (xetʻ)
* scowling gaze

### Adjective

խեթ • (xetʻ)
* squinting; scowling (of a gaze)

#### Derived terms

* խեթագին (xetʻagin)
* խեթահար (xetʻahar)
* խեթամ (xetʻam)
* խեթի (xetʻi)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: խեթ (xetʻ)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “խեթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “խեթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “խեթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press