# 啟

| 啟 | U+555F, &#21855; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555F |
| ← 啞 [U+555E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啠 → [U+5560] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 啟 |
| Simplified | 启 |
| Japanese | 啓 |
| Korean | 啓 |

### Han character

啟 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹口人大 (HROK), four-corner 3860$_4$, composition ⿰户攵(G) or ⿰启攵(HT))

#### Usage notes

This character form is not found in the Kangxi dictionary and is not used in Japan or Korea (啓 is used instead). It is the preferred form used in Hong Kong and Taiwan; historically the preferred form is 啓 in Hong Kong, but this has shifted in recent years.

#### Derived characters

* 闙, 𥳃, 𣘼, 𭨠, 𦘦, 𮮝, 𫫤, 𫹢

#### Related characters

* 啓 (Form used in Japan and Korea) (Also found in the Kangxi Dictionary)

#### Descendants

* 启 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 196, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3821
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 8
* Unihan data for U+555F

## Chinese

* 啟 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 啓 (Cantonese)
* 啓 (Classical)
* Khé (Southern Min)
* 启 (Wu)
* Qi of Xia (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 啟 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 啓 | *kʰeːʔ |
| 啟 | *kʰeːʔ |
| 棨 | *kʰeːʔ |
| 綮 | *kʰeːʔ |
| 晵 | *kʰeːʔ, *kʰens |
| 闙 | *kʰeːʔ |
| 启 | *kʰeːʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qǐ (qi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kai$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khí
* Eastern Min (BUC): kiē
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khé
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ki$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^3$
*** Yale: chǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kai$^2$
*** Yale: kái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khí
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kiē
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰie³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
*** Tâi-lô: khé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qea
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰe⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ki$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: khejX
Rime :
| Character | 啟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 康禮切 |
| Baxter | khejX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiei$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁijʔ/ |
| English | open (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10129 |
| Phonetic component | 啓 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 啓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰeːʔ/ |
| Notes | 啓通用異體見漢簡 |

### Definitions

啟
* to open
    啟封／启封 ― qǐfēng ― to unseal; to break a seal
* to start; to begin; to commence
    啟用／启用 ― qǐyòng ― to start using
* to inform; to state; to explain
    敬啟者／敬启者 ― jìngqǐzhě ― to whom this may concern
* to enlighten; to educate; to inspire
    啟發／启发 ― qǐfā ― to enlighten; to inspire; to stimulate; to arouse
* (literary) short letter; note
    謝啟／谢启 ― xièqǐ ― note of thanks
* (historical) letter from a government official
* (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
* Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”).
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Branch | Names | Abbreviations |
| Protestant | 啟示錄 | 啟 |
| Roman Catholic | 若望默示錄, 默示錄 | 默 |
| Eastern Orthodox | 約安之啟示錄 | |

### Compounds

* 不好啟齒 / 不好启齿
* 丹脣啟秀 / 丹唇启秀
* 光啟 / 光启
* 公啟 / 公启
* 再啟者 / 再启者
* 副啟 / 副启
* 哀啟 / 哀启 (āiqǐ)
* 夏啟 / 夏启
* 天啟 / 天启 (Tiānqǐ)
* 山公啟事 / 山公启事
* 徵啟 / 征启
* 徵求啟事 / 征求启事
* 承上啟下 / 承上启下 (chéngshàngqǐxià)
* 承先啟後 / 承先启后 (chéngxiānqǐhòu)
* 承前啟後 / 承前启后 (chéngqiánqǐhòu)
* 拜啟 / 拜启
* 啟乞 / 启乞
* 啟事 / 启事 (qǐshì)
* 啟動 / 启动 (qǐdòng)
* 啟動程式 / 启动程式
* 啟口 / 启口
* 啟告 / 启告
* 啟問 / 启问
* 啟土 / 启土
* 啟報 / 启报
* 啟奏 / 启奏
* 啟封 / 启封 (qǐfēng)
* 啟建 / 启建
* 啟手足 / 启手足
* 啟明 / 启明 (qǐmíng)
* 啟智 / 启智
* 啟沃 / 启沃
* 啟浪 / 启浪 (Qǐlàng)
* 啟用 / 启用 (qǐyòng)
* 啟發 / 启发 (qǐfā)
* 啟白 / 启白
* 啟碇 / 启碇
* 啟示 / 启示 (qǐshì)
* 啟示錄 / 启示录 (qǐshìlù)
* 啟程 / 启程 (qǐchéng)
* 啟節 / 启节
* 啟聰 / 启聪
* 啟航 / 启航 (qǐháng)
* 啟蒙 / 启蒙 (qǐméng)
* 啟蒙哲學 / 启蒙哲学
* 啟蒙時代 / 启蒙时代 (Qǐméng Shídài)
* 啟蒙運動 / 启蒙运动 (qǐméng yùndòng)
* 啟處 / 启处
* 啟蟄 / 启蛰
* 啟行 / 启行
* 啟請 / 启请
* 啟迪 / 启迪 (qǐdí)
* 啟運 / 启运
* 啟釁 / 启衅 (qǐxìn)
* 啟閉 / 启闭
* 啟顏 / 启颜
* 啟齒 / 启齿 (qǐchǐ)
* 敬啟 / 敬启
* 敬啟者 / 敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
* 更正啟事 / 更正启事
* 書啟 / 书启
* 款啟寡聞 / 款启寡闻
* 殷憂啟聖 / 殷忧启圣
* 臺啟 / 台启
* 茲啟者 / 兹启者
* 親啟 / 亲启
* 謝啟 / 谢启
* 警告啟事 / 警告启事
* 逕啟者 / 迳启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
* 通知啟事 / 通知启事
* 道歉啟事 / 道歉启事
* 鄂君啟節 / 鄂君启节
* 鈞啟 / 钧启
* 開啟 / 开启 (kāiqǐ)
* 鳴謝啟事 / 鸣谢启事

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けい (kei)
* Kun: ひらく (hiraku)、もうす (mōsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

啟: Hán Nôm readings: khải, khơi, khui
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.