# ذنب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Of the root ذ ن ب (ḏ n b). The noun “tail” is reconstructible as Proto-Semitic *ḏanab-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ða.nab/

#### Noun

ذَنَب • (ḏanab) m (plural أَذْنَاب (ʔaḏnāb))
* tail, end
    Synonym: ذَيْل (ḏayl)
* adherent, follower, henchman

##### Derived terms

* ذَنَب الدَّجَاجَة (ḏanab ad-dajāja, “Deneb”)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: denb
* → Middle Armenian: զանապ (zanap)
* → Ottoman Turkish: ذنب (zeneb)
** Turkish: zeneb
* → Persian: ذنب (zanab)

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ða.na.ba/

#### Verb

ذَنَبَ • (ḏanaba) I (non-past يَذْنِبُ (yaḏnibu) or يَذْنُبُ (yaḏnubu), verbal noun ذَنْب (ḏanb))
* to follow

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðan.na.ba/

#### Verb

ذَنَّبَ • (ḏannaba) II (non-past يُذَنِّبُ (yuḏannibu), verbal noun تَذْنِيب (taḏnīb))
* to furnish with a tail, to provide a start to

##### Conjugation
### Etymology
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðanb/

#### Noun

ذَنْب • (ḏanb) m (plural ذُنُوب (ḏunūb))
* (Islam, law) crime, offense, sin
    Synonyms: خَطِيئَة (ḵaṭīʔa), إِثْم (ʔiṯm)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:193:رَبَّنَا فَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الْأَبْرَارِrabbanā faḡfir lanā ḏunūbanā wakaffir ʕannā sayyiʔātinā watawaffanā maʕa l-ʔabrāriOur Lord! Lo! we have heard a crier calling unto Faith: "Believe ye in your Lord!" So we believed. Our Lord! Therefor forgive us our sins, and remit from us our evil deeds, and make us die the death of the righteous.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 81:8-9:وَإِذَا ٱلۡمَوۡءُودَةُ سُئِلَتۡ ۝ بِأَيِّ ذَنۢبࣲ قُتِلَتۡ ۝And when the girl-child that was buried alive is asked. 9. For what sin she was slain
* guilt
    Synonym: إِثْم (ʔiṯm)

##### Derived terms

* عُذْرٌ أَقْبَحُ مِنْ ذَنْبٍ (ʕuḏrun ʔaqbaḥu min ḏanbin)

##### Descendants

* → Hausa: zàmba
* → Persian: ذنب
* → Ottoman Turkish: ذنب (zenb)
** Turkish: zenb
* → Swahili: dhambi
(via plural form ذُنُوب (ḏunūb))
* Maltese: dnub
* → Fula: junuubu
* → Hausa: zùnubī̀

### References

* “ذنب” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “ذنب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 96

## Hijazi Arabic

* Root
* ذ ن ب
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Arabic ذَنْب (ḏanb).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zanb/, /ðanb/

#### Noun

ذنب • (zanb) m (plural ذُنوب (zunūb))
* guilt
* sin

### Etymology 2

From Arabic ذَنَّبَ (ḏannaba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zan.nab/, /ðan.nab/

#### Verb

ذَنَّب • (zannab) II (non-past يِذَنِّب (yizannib))
* to cause guilt
* to scold

##### Conjugation
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ذَنْب (ḏanb, “crime, offense, sin; guilt”).

#### Noun

ذنب • (zenb) (definite accusative ذنبی (zenbi), plural ذنوب (zünub))
* fault, guilt, blame, the responsibility for a mistake or wrongdoing
    Synonyms: صوچ (suç), گناه (günah)
* (religion) sin, a transgression against divine law or a law of God
    Synonyms: صوچ (suç), گناه (günah), وبال (vebal)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: zenb

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zenb”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5453
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zenb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1417
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ذنب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 606
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Culpa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 307
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ذنب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2243
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ذنب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 949

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic ذَنَب (ḏanab, “tail”), from Proto-Semitic *ḏanab- (“tail”).

#### Noun

ذنب • (zeneb) (definite accusative ذنبی (zenebi), plural اذناب (eznâb))
* tail, the caudal appendage of an animal that is attached to its posterior and near the anus
    Synonyms: دم (dum), دمبال (dumbal), قویروق (kuyruk)
* tail, any object or part of it resembling a tail in shape, such as the thongs on a cat-o'-nine-tails
    Synonym: قویروق (kuyruk)
* (botany) pedicel, petiole, footstalk, the stalk of an individual flower, leaf, or fruit, once fertilised
* descending node, the point in an orbit at which a body passes the ecliptic plane going south

##### Derived terms

* ذنب الارنب (zenebüʼl-erneb, “Eta Leporis”)
* ذنب الاسد (zenebüʼl-esed, “motherwort”)
* ذنب التنین (zenebüʼl-tinnin, “Giausar, Lambda Draconis”)
* ذنب الحیه (zenebüʼl-hayye, “Theta Serpentis”)
* ذنب الخیل (zenebüʼl-hayl, “horsetail”)
* ذنب العقاب (zenebüʼl-ʼukab, “Libertas, Xi Aquilae”)
* ذنب القیطس (zenebüʼl-kaytus, “Diphda, Beta Ceti”)
* ذنبی (zenebî, “tailed”)
* ذنبیات (zenebiyat, “small stalks or pedicels”)
* عنب الذنب (ʼinebüʼl-zeneb, “common nightshade”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: zeneb

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zeneb”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5454
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zeneb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1418
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ذنب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 606
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cauda”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 162
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ذنب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2243
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ذنب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 949