# 腩

| 腩 | U+8169, &#33129; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8169 |
| ← 腨 [U+8168] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腪 → [U+816A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月十月十 (BJBJ), four-corner 7422$_7$, composition ⿰月南(GJK) or ⿰⺼南(HTV))

#### Derived characters

* 𢷁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29692
* Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2094, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8169

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 南 | *nuːm |
| 楠 | *nuːm |
| 腩 | *nuːmʔ |
| 湳 | *nuːmʔ |
| 揇 | *nuːmʔ |
| 萳 | *nuːmʔ |
| 罱 | *ruːmʔ |
| 喃 | *rnuːm |
| 諵 | *rnuːm, *rnuːms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nuːmʔ): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 南 (OC *nuːm).

### Etymology

May be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-n(u/a)m (STEDT); compare Tibetan སྣུམ (snum, “oil”), Lepcha ᰍᰪᰮᰗᰪ (numtsu).
For the "sirloin" sense, note similarities to Burmese နံ (nam, “flank; rib”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nǎn, nán
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˇ, ㄋㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): nam$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^2$ / nam$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$noe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^3$
*** Yale: nǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: naan
*** Palladius: нань (nanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nán
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nán
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$
*** Yale: nán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nan
*** Palladius: нань (nanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^5$
*** Yale: náahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdam²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lám
*** Tâi-lô: lám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: larm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^2$ / nam$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lám / nám
*** Sinological IPA : /lam⁵²/, /nam⁵²/
* lam2 - Chaozhou;
* nam2 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: nomX
Rime :
| Character | 腩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 奴感切 |
| Baxter | nomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /năm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naam$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9357 |
| Phonetic component | 南 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腩 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːmʔ/ |

### Definitions

腩
* (obsolete) to dip (meat) in condiments before roasting
* (obsolete, rare) dried meat
* (chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) belly flesh; belly meat; sirloin; tenderloin

### Compounds

* 五花腩
* 喉腩
* 坑腩
* 埋腩
* 大喉腩
* 大肚腩 (dàdùnǎn)
* 婄腩
* 屎肚腩
* 崩砂腩
* 收腩
* 斑腩
* 火腩
* 燒腩 / 烧腩
* 燒腩仔 / 烧腩仔
* 燒腩肉 / 烧腩肉
* 牛白腩
* 牛腩 (niúnǎn)
* 牛腩麵 / 牛腩面
* 碎腩
* 羊腩 (yángnǎn)
* 肚腩 (dùnǎn)
* 肥肚腩
* 腩尾
* 腩肉
* 腩肚肉
* 腩頭 / 腩头
* 豬婄腩 / 猪婄腩
* 豬腩 / 猪腩
* 豬腩肉 / 猪腩肉
* 間花腩 / 间花腩
* 魚腩 / 鱼腩 (yúnǎn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): だん (dan)、なん (nan)、たん (tan)、どん (don)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腩: Hán Việt readings: nạm
腩: Nôm readings: nem, nàm, nạm

#### Noun

腩
* chữ Hán form of nạm (“flank beef”).

### References

* ↑ “腩”, in Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation‎, 2024 December 21 (last accessed)