# 自動車
## Chinese
### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) (jidōsha).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìdòngchē
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ dung$^6$ ce$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-tōng-chhia / chīr-tōng-chhia / chǐr-tǒng-chhia / ji-lò͘-sià / li-lò͘-sià / ji-lò-sià / gi-lò͘-sià
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìdòngchē
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhdòngche
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-tung$^4$-chʻê$^1$
*** Yale: dz̀-dùng-chē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhdonqche
*** Palladius: цзыдунчэ (czydunčɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ dung$^6$ ce$^1$
*** Yale: jih duhng chē
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ dung$^6$ tse$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ dung$^6$ cé$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii tung ca$^ˊ$ / ji$^ˇ$ do$^ˋ$ xia$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^4$ tung$^4$ ca$^1$ / ji$^2$ do$^3$ xia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/, /t͡si¹¹ to³¹ si̯a¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Tainan, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-tōng-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: tsū-tōng-tshia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuxdoxngchiaf
*** IPA (Yilan): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-tōng-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: tsīr-tōng-tshia
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǐr-tǒng-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: tsǐr-tǒng-tshia
*** IPA (Lukang): /t͡sɨ³³⁻²² tɔŋ³³⁻²² t͡sʰia³³/
** (Hokkien: Tainan, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò͘-sià
*** Tâi-lô: ji-lòo-sià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jilorsiax
*** IPA (Tainan): /d͡zi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia²¹/
** (Hokkien: Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li-lò͘-sià
*** Tâi-lô: li-lòo-sià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lilorsiax
** (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò-sià
*** Tâi-lô: ji-lò-sià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiloirsiax
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gi-lò͘-sià
*** Tâi-lô: gi-lòo-sià
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gilorsiax

### Noun

自動車
* (dated, still used in Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) automobile; motor car

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 汽車, 車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 汽車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 汽車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 汽車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 汽車, 馬什乃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 汽車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 汽車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 汽車, 車 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 汽車, 車 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 車 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 汽車 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 汽車 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 汽車 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 車 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 汽車 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 汽車 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 風車 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 汽車, 風車, 大車 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 風車 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 汽車, 大車, 電車 dated |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汽車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 自動車, 動車 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 自動車, 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 車 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 汽車, 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 車 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 汽車 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 汽車 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 汽車 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 汽車, 大眼睛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 汽車 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 汽車 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 汽車 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 汽車子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 汽車 |

### References

* (Min Nan) “Entry #2731”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 動 | 車 |
| じ Grade: 2 | どう Grade: 3 | しゃ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóꜜòshà] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóóshá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑido̞ːɕa̠]

### Noun

自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) • (jidōsha)
* automobile, car, motorcar

#### Synonyms

* 車(くるま) (kuruma)

#### Derived terms

* 大型自動車(おおがたじどうしゃ) (ōgatajidōsha)
* 貸(か)し自動車(じどうしゃ) (kashijidōsha)
* 貨物自動車(かもつじどうしゃ) (kamotsujidōsha): truck
* 軽自動車(けいじどうしゃ) (keijidōsha): kei car
* 小型自動車(こがたじどうしゃ) (kogatajidōsha): small car
* 辻自動車(つじじどうしゃ) (tsujijidōsha): taxi
* 乗用自動車(じょうようじどうしゃ) (jōyōjidōsha): automobile (formal)
* 電気自動車(でんきじどうしゃ) (denkijidōsha): electric car
* 乗合自動車(のりあいじどうしゃ) (noriaijidōsha): bus
* 中古自動車(ちゅうこじどうしゃ) (chūkojidōsha): used car
* 自動車化(じどうしゃか) (jidōshaka): motorization, motorisation
* 自動車学校(じどうしゃがっこう) (jidōshagakkō): car school
* 自動車事故(じどうしゃじこ) (jidōshajiko): car accident
* 自動車税(じどうしゃぜい) (jidōshazei): car tax
* 自動車泥(じどうしゃどろ) (jidōshadoro): car robber
* 自動車電話(じどうしゃでんわ) (jidōshadenwa): car phone
* 自動車保険(じどうしゃほけん) (jidōshahoken): car insurance

#### See also

* 自転車(じてんしゃ) (jitensha, “bicycle”)

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 自 | 動 | 車 |

### Noun

自動車 • (jadongcha) (hangeul 자동차)
* hanja form of 자동차 (“automobile”)