# 時計
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 時計 (tokei) (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shíjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^4$ gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhjì
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: shŕ-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrjih
*** Palladius: шицзи (šiczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$實際 / 实际 時計 / 时计
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^4$ gai$^3$
*** Yale: sìh gai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^4$ gai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^4$ gei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²¹ kɐi̯³³/

### Noun

時計
* (literary) clock; timepiece; timekeeper
    From: 秦同培 (1933?). 言文對照高等論說新範
    Guāngyīn zhě, yīqiè shìyè zhī jīchǔ yě, yúshìhū yǒu shíjì. [Pinyin]
    Time is the foundation of all undertakings, so there are watches.

#### Derived terms

* 時計果 / 时计果 (shíjìguǒ)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 時 | 計 |
| とき > と Grade: 2 (ateji) | けい Grade: 2 (ateji) |
| irregular | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 土圭
From Middle Chinese 土圭 (tʰuo$^X$ kwei, literally “earth, clay + stack of clay tablets”, a kind of sundial used in the Zhou Dynasty).
The 土圭 spelling is the original form, with the kan'on reading of tokei. This has been largely superseded by the spelling 時計 in modern writing, which uses the 時 character as ateji (当て字). Alternatively, the kanji spelling could be interpreted as jukujikun (熟字訓), using the meanings of the characters as 時 (“time”) + 計 (“measurement”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とけー [tòkéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ke̞ː]

#### Noun

時(と)計(けい) • (tokei)
* a clock, a watch, a timepiece, a timekeeper

##### Derived terms

* 腕(うで)時(ど)計(けい) (udedokei): a wristwatch
* 置(お)き時(ど)計(けい) (okidokei): a desk clock
* 掛(か)け時(ど)計(けい) (kakedokei): a wall clock
* 絡(から)繰(く)り時(ど)計(けい) (karakuridokei): an automaton clock
* 原(げん)子(し)時(ど)計(けい) (genshidokei): an atomic clock
* 時(と)計(けい)回(まわ)り (tokeimawari): clockwise
* 鳩(はと)時(ど)計(けい) (hatodokei): a cuckoo clock
* 反(はん)時(と)計(けい)回(まわ)り (hantokeimawari): counterclockwise
* 振(ふ)り子(こ)時(ど)計(けい) (furikodokei): a pendulum clock
* 目(め)覚(ざ)まし時(ど)計(けい) (mezamashidokei): an alarm clock
* 砂(すな)時(ど)計(けい) (sunadokei): a sand clock, an hourglass
* 体(たい)内(ない)時(ど)計(けい) (tainaidokei): a body clock, a biological clock

##### Descendants

* Chinese: 時計／时计 (shíjì)
* Korean: 시계 (sigye)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 時 | 計 |
| とき Grade: 2 | はか(り) Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 時計り
Compound of 時(とき) (toki, “time”) + 計(はか)り (hakari, “measuring”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 計(はか)る (hakaru, “to measure”).).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [to̞kʲiha̠ka̠ɾʲi]

#### Noun

時(とき)計(はかり) • (tokihakari)
* (rare, possibly obsolete) a clock, a watch, a timepiece, a timekeeper

##### Usage notes

This reading is rare.

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 時 | 計 |

### Noun

時計 • (sigye) (hangeul 시계)
* hanja form of 시계 (“timepiece”)