# 있다
## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Korean 잇다 (ista), from Old Korean 有叱 (*Is-). Related to the past tense marker 었 (-eot). Cognate with Jeju 잇다 (itda), 이시다 (isida), 싯다 (sitda).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [it̚t͈a̠]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [읻따]

### Verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)
* to stay, remain in a location
    어디 가지 말고, 여기 있어라!Eodi gaji malgo, yeogi isseora!Don't go anywhere and stay here!
    할머니께서는 시장 다녀오실 테니 집에 있으라고 하셨어.Halmeoni-kkeseoneun sijang danyeoosil teni jib-e isseurago hasyeosseo.Grandmother said to stay at home because she's going to go to the market.
** to keep working for a company
    저는 이 회사에 있은 지 벌써 이십삼 년이 돼 버렸어요.Jeo-neun i hoesa-e isseun ji beolsseo isipsam nyeon-i dwae beoryeosseoyo.I've been working at this company for 23 years already.
** (used with an adverb) to stay in a certain state
    가만히 있다 ― gamanhi itda ― to stay still and quiet
* for time to pass
    이제 가도 돼요? 아니요, 좀 있다가 오세요.Ije gado dwaeyo? Aniyo, jom itdaga oseyo.Should I come now? No, come in a little bit.(literally, “Is it okay for me to go now? No, (let) some time go by and then come.”)
* (auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/a) infinitive) to be (in a state)
    죽어 있다 ― jugeo itda ― to be dead
    모여 있다 ― moyeo itda ― to be gathered together
* (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to be in the process of
    죽고 있다 ― jukgo itda ― to be dying
    모이고 있다 ― moigo itda ― to be gathering together
* (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to maintain in the result of
    오늘은 아주 예쁜 옷을 입고 있네요!Oneur-eun aju yeppeun oseul ipgo inneyo!You're wearing really pretty clothes today!
    아침에 좀 이상한 구두를 신고 있는 걸 보니 좋은 구두는 잃어버렸나 보구나.Achim-e jom isanghan gudu-reul sin'go inneun geol boni jo'eun gudu-neun ireobeoryeonna boguna.In the morning I saw them wearing weird dress shoes, so they must've lost their good ones.

#### Conjugation

Honorific: 계시다 (gyesida)

#### Derived terms

* 가만있다 (gamanitda, “to keep quiet, remain still”)
* 실여있다 (siryeoitda, “to wait”) (prison slang)
* 앉아있다 (anjaitda, “for an older person to be alive”) (North Korea, euphemistic)

### Adjective

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)
* to be (in a place); to exist
    Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
    뉴욕은 미국에 있다. ― Nyuyog-eun Migug-e itda. ― New York is in the United States.
    물속에 물고기가 있다. ― Mulsog-e mulgogi-ga itda. ― There are fish in the water.
** (by extension) to have
    Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
    그녀는 남자친구가 있다.Geunyeo-neun namjachin'gu-ga itda.She has a boyfriend.
    저는 집도 있고 차도 있어요.Jeo-neun jip-do itgo cha-do isseoyo.I have a house and a car.

#### Conjugation

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)

#### Derived terms

* 값있다 (gapsitda, “to be valuable, worthy”)
* 관계있다 (gwan'gyeitda, “to be related”)
* 다기있다 (dagiitda, “to be stubborn”)
* 뜻있다 (tteusitda, “to be ambitious, to have meaning”)
* 맛있다 (masitda, “to be delicious”)
* 멋있다 (meositda, “to be cool, stylish”)
* 빛있다 (bichitda, “to be pretty, beautiful”)
* 상관있다 (sanggwanitda, “to be interrelated”)
* 재미있다 (jaemiitda, “to be amusing, interesting, entertaining”)
* 지멸있다 (jimyeoritda, “to be patient; to be straightforward”)

### See also

* 계시다 (gyesida, “to stay”, honorific form of 있다 (itda))
* 아니다 (anida, “not to equal (negative copula)”)
* 이다 (ida, “to equal (copula)”)

### References

* 《우리말샘》
* 국립국어원, The National Institute of Korean Language (2016) “있다”, in 한국어영어 학습사전 [han'gugeo-yeong'eo hakseupsajeon, Korean-English Learners' Dictionary]