# 亶

| 亶 | U+4EB6, &#20150; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EB6 |
| ← 亵 [U+4EB5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亷 → [U+4EB7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

亶 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜田口一 (YWRM), four-corner 0010$_6$, composition ⿱㐭旦)

#### Derived characters

* 顫/颤, 擅, 壇, 膻, 檀, 嬗, 氊, 氈, 儃, 饘/𫗴, 鸇/鹯, 𧾍, 䁴, 驙/𫘰, 澶, 鱣/鳣, 蟺, 𨭖/𫔑, 繵/𬙉, 㣶, 䄠, 䆄, 䁴, 䃪, 譠, 旜, 勯, 皽, 㔊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 89, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 328
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 291, character 6
* Unihan data for U+4EB6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亶 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts03858Transcribed ancient scriptsL34704L34705L15988L15989L15990 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 皽 | *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ |
| 担 | *taːnʔ |
| 胆 | *daːn, *daːn |
| 疸 | *taːnʔ, *taːns |
| 觛 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ |
| 亶 | *taːnʔ |
| 嬗 | *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans |
| 笪 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 狚 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 旦 | *taːns |
| 鴠 | *taːns |
| 譠 | *tʰaːn, *rteːn |
| 坦 | *tʰaːnʔ |
| 但 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns |
| 檀 | *daːn |
| 壇 | *daːn |
| 儃 | *daːn, *djan |
| 驙 | *daːn, *tan |
| 袒 | *daːnʔ, *rdeːns |
| 襢 | *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans |
| 繵 | *daːnʔ |
| 膻 | *daːnʔ |
| 澶 | *daːns, *djan |
| 邅 | *tan, *danʔ, *dans |
| 鱣 | *tan |
| 饘 | *tjan, *tjanʔ |
| 旜 | *tjan |
| 氈 | *tjan |
| 鸇 | *tjan |
| 顫 | *tjans |
| 蟺 | *djanʔ |
| 擅 | *djans |
| 羶 | *hljan |
| 呾 | *taːd, *ʔraːd |
| 怛 | *taːd |
| 妲 | *taːd |
| 靼 | *taːd, *tjad |
| 炟 | *taːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːnʔ): semantic 㐭 + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns), originally a ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 㐭 (“granary”) + 虫 (“insect”) (Li Xueqin, 2012).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎn, dàn (dan$^3$, dan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˇ, ㄉㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^2$ / daan$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^3$
*** Yale: dǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^2$ / daan$^6$
*** Yale: táan / daahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^2$ / daan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^2$ / dan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn³⁵/, /taːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cvy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sĩ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tanX
Rime :
| Character | 亶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 多旱切 |
| Baxter | tanX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daan$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤanʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tan$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁanʔ/ |
| English | sincere, truly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2047 |
| Phonetic component | 旦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亶 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

亶
* (literary) sincere, truthful
* (literary) Alternative form of 但 (dàn, “just; but”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of grains) plenty
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thick; thicken; alternative form of 單 / 单
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) big
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 𤺺 (“to fall ill”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 袒 (“bare”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 殫 / 殚 (dān, “to exhaust”)
* a surname

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^4$
*** Yale: sìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²¹/

#### Definitions

亶
* Alternative form of 邅 (zhān)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chán (chan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$
*** Yale: chán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$
*** Yale: sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²²/

#### Definitions

亶
* Alternative form of 𦒜 (xiān, “to fly”)

### References

* “亶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)
* 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan)、ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)、せん (sen)
* Kun: あつい (atsui)、まこと (makoto)

## Korean
### Hanja

亶 • (dan, seon) (hangeul 단, 선, revised dan, seon, McCune–Reischauer tan, sŏn, Yale tan, sen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese

* chữ Hán Nôm in this term
* 亶

### Han character

亶: Hán Nôm readings: đàn

#### References

* Nom Foundation