# 隼

| 隼 | U+96BC, &#38588; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96BC |
| ← 隻 [U+96BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 隽 → [U+96BD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

隼 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人土十 (OGJ), four-corner 2040$_1$, composition ⿱隹十)

#### Derived characters

* 榫 鎨 鶽 㢑 𢲜 𣯍 𦞠 𪄩 𡺾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1364, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41943
* Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4090, character 2
* Unihan data for U+96BC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 隼 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 榫 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 准 | *qʷjinʔ |
| 準 | *qʷjinʔ, *qʷjed |
The upper component is a reference to a bird with a short tail, in this case a falcon, and is used both as a semantic and phonetic component. Originally, it was written as 鵻. Then it became 隼 and eventually 鶽.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǔn, zhǔn (sun$^3$, zhun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ, ㄓㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^2$ / seon$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sún
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǔn
*** Wade–Giles: sun$^3$
*** Yale: swǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soen
*** Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ən²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔn
*** Wade–Giles: chun$^3$
*** Yale: jwǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
*** Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^2$ / seon$^2$
*** Yale: jéun / séun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^2$ / soen$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^2$ / sên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³⁵/, /sɵn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún
*** Tâi-lô: sún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suon
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: swinX
Rime :
| Character | 隼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 思尹切 |
| Baxter | swinX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siuɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjuen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /siuĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯uĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seon$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]urʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷinʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 隼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sǔn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]urʔ/ |
| English | hawk, falcon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 隼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12186 |
| Phonetic component | 隼 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 筍 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰʷinʔ/ |
| Notes | 説文同鵻 |

#### Definitions

隼
* falcon
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yù bǐ fēi sǔn [Pinyin]
    Rapid is the flying falcon

#### Compounds

* 游隼 (yóusǔn)
* 紅隼 / 红隼 (hóngsǔn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sn̍gh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sn̍gh
*** Tâi-lô: sn̍gh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sŋ̍ʔ¹²¹/

#### Definitions

隼
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) dull and not speaking
    人隼隼 [Hokkien] ― lâng sn̍gh sn̍gh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― someone being dull and not speaking
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sound made by a fast-moving object: zoom
       Chhia khai kah sn̍gh sn̍gh kiò. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The car drove fast with a zoom.
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sound of sniffing one's nose: sniffle

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* falcon

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅん (jun)
* Kun: はやぶさ (hayabusa, 隼)
* Nanori: はや (haya)

#### Compounds

* 隼(はや)人(ひと) (hayahito); 隼(はや)人(と) (hayato)
* 鷹隼(ようしゅん) (yōshun)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 隼
* はやぶさ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 鶻 鸇
Attested in early Old Japanese texts: the Kojiki (712) <波夜夫佐> and the Nihon Shoki (720) <破夜歩佐>.
Further etymology is uncertain; a popular etymology is that it derives from a corruption of 早 (haya-, “early; fast”) + 翼 (tsubasa, “wing (bird)”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はやぶさ [hàyábúsá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ja̠bɯ̟sa̠]
* (Kyoto) はや​ぶさ [háyáꜜbùsà] (Kōki)
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Heian period) LLLL
   * (the Kamakura period) LLLL
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

### Noun

隼(はやぶさ) or 隼(ハヤブサ) • (hayabusa)
* a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)
** 2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ)　それぞれの道(みち)へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 355:
    双(そう)剣(けん)の隼(はやぶさ)キルマー
       Sōken no Hayabusa Kirumā
       Kilmer, Peregrine of Two Swords
* a falcon (in general)
* the act of being quick and brave
** a person that is quick and brave
* (slang, criminal) detective
* the Nakajima Ki-43: a name of a World War II fighter jet

#### Derived terms

* 隼科(はやぶさか) (hayabusaka)
* 白隼(しろはやぶさ) (shirohayabusa)
* 稚児隼(ちごはやぶさ) (chigohayabusa)
* 隼人(はやと) (hayato)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 “はや‐ぶさ 【隼】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 596-597

## Korean
### Hanja

隼 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

隼: Hán Nôm readings: chuẩn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.