# brónach
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish brónach. By surface analysis, brón (“sorrow”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈbˠɾˠoːn̪ˠəx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈbˠɾˠoːnˠa(x)/ ~ /ˈbˠɾˠuːnˠa(x)/, /ˈbˠɾˠoːn̪ˠa(x)/

### Adjective

brónach (genitive singular masculine brónaigh, genitive singular feminine brónaí, plural brónacha, comparative brónaí)
* sad, sorrowful

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Synonyms

* buartha

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brónach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 261, page 133
* ↑ Sommerfelt, Alf (1922) The Dialect of Torr, County Donegal, volume I: Phonology, Christiania [Oslo]: Videnskapsselskapet i Kristiania, section 539.1, page 177
* ↑ Lucas, Leslie W. (1979) Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page 237

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brónach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “brónach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “brónach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From brón +‎ -ach.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbroːnax]

### Adjective

brónach (comparative brónchu)
* sad, sorrowful; grievous

#### Declension

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | brónach | brónach | brónach |
| Vocative | brónaig* brónach** | brónach | brónach |
| Accusative | brónach | brónaig | brónach |
| Genitive | brónaig | brónaige | brónaig |
| Dative | brónuch | brónaig | brónuch |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | brónaig | brónacha | brónacha |
| Vocative | brónachu brónacha† | brónacha | brónacha |
| Accusative | brónachu brónacha† | brónacha | brónacha |
| Genitive | brónach | brónach | brónach |
| Dative | brónachaib | brónachaib | brónachaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Quotations

* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16$^b$18
    ní brónach do·n-intarráinot sorrowful has he returned
* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 86$^d$7
    brónchu [translating trīstiōra]sadder

#### Descendants

* Irish: brónach
* Scottish Gaelic: brònach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brónach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language