# 그

| 그 | U+ADF8, &#44536; HANGUL SYLLABLE GEU |
| Composition: | ㄱ + ㅡ |
| ← 귷 [U+ADF7] | Hangul Syllables | 극 → [U+ADF9] |
그극귺귻근귽귾 귿글긁긂긃긄긅 긆긇금급긊긋긌 긍긎긏긐긑긒긓 :
| 규 ← | → 긔 |

## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽kɨ⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [kɨ]
* Phonetic hangul: [그]

### Determiner

그 (geu)
* (demonstrative) that

#### Usage notes

그 (geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and 저 (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener

## Korean
### Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 그 (Yale: kù).
The 3rd-person pronoun sense is widely believed to be introduced together with 그녀 (geunyeo) by Kim Dong-in in the early 20th century, probably calque of Japanese 彼(かれ) (kare), which became a personal pronoun in addition to a demonstrative pronoun due to the influence of European languages. However, the demonstratives 이〮 (í), 그 (ku), and 뎌〮 (tyé) were all used occasionally in Middle Korean as 3rd person pronouns as well.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɯ]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [그]

### Determiner

Ablaut/harmonic pair :
| Yin-form | 그 (geu) |
| Yang-form | 고 (go) |
그 • (geu)
* (demonstrative) that (of what has been already said or known)
    그 남자는 일본인입니까 아니면 중국인입니까? ― 그는 중국인입니다.geu namjaneun ilboninimnikka animyeon jungguginimnikka? ― geuneun jungguginimnida.Is that man Japanese or Chinese? ― He is Chinese.
    근데 방금 그 여자 누구에요?geunde banggeum geu yeoja nugueyo?By the way, who is that girl?
    그 사람들은 가족입니다. ― Geu saramdeureun gajogimnida. ― Those people are family.

#### Usage notes

그 (geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and 저 (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener

#### Derived terms

* 그것 (geugeot, “that thing”)
* 그곳 (geugot, “that place”)
* 그때 (geuttae, “that moment”)
* 그대로 (geudaero, “like that”)
* 그렇다 (geureota, “to be that way”)
* 그이 (geu'i, “he”)
* 그놈 (geunom, “he”) (insulting)
* 그놈들 (geunomdeul, “they”) (insulting)
* 그년 (geunyeon, “she”) (insulting)

#### See also

* 이 (i, “this”)
* 저 (jeo, “that”)

### Pronoun

그 • (geu)
* (literary) he, she
    그는 아무런 말도 없이 가버렸다.geuneun amureon maldo eopsi gabeoryeotda.He/She left without saying anything.

#### Usage notes

그녀 (geunyeo, “she”) is an explicitly feminine third-person pronoun.
그 is never used as a pronoun in colloquial Korean. See 걔 (gyae, “he; she”) for the colloquial pronoun.

#### Synonyms

* (demonstrative, that): 저 (jeo)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “demonstrative, this”): 이 (i)

#### Derived terms

* 그녀 (geunyeo, “she”)
* 그들 (geudeul, “they”)
* 그네들 (geunedeul, “they”)

### See also

Korean demonstratives :
| Determiner | Determiner | 이 | 그 | 저 | 어느 |
| Pronoun | Human | 이이 | 그이 | 저이 | 뉘 |
| Pronoun | Human | 이분 | 그분 | 저분 | 어느 분 |
| Pronoun | Human | 이자 | 그자 | 저자 | |
| Pronoun | Human | 얘 | 걔 | 쟤 | |
| Pronoun | Object | 이 | (그) | (저) |
| Pronoun | Object | 이것 | 그것 | 저것 | 어느 것 |
| Pronoun | Object | 이거 | 그거 | 저거 | 어느 거 |
| Pronoun | Place | 여기 | 거기 | 저기 | 어디 |
| Pronoun | Place | 이곳 | 그곳 | 저곳 | 어느 곳 |
| Pronoun | Direction | 이쪽 | 그쪽 | 저쪽 | 어느 쪽 |
| Pronoun | Time | 이때 | 그때 | 접때 | 언제 |
| Verb | Verb | 이러다 | 그러다 | 저러다 | 어쩌다 |
| Verb | Verb | 이리하다 | 그리하다 | 저리하다 | 어찌하다 |
| Adjective | Adjective | 이렇다 | 그렇다 | 저렇다 | 어떻다 |
| Adjective | Adjective | 이러하다 | 그러하다 | 저러하다 | 어떠하다 |
| Adverb | Adverb | 이리 | 그리 | 저리 | 어찌 |
| Adverb | Adverb | 이렇게 | 그렇게 | 저렇게 | 어떻게 |
| Adverb | Adverb | 이만큼 | 그만큼 | 저만큼 | 얼마만큼(얼마큼) |

### References

* ↑ Chae-un Yi (이재운), Ttŭt to morŭgo chaju ssŭnŭn uri mal ŏwŏn 500-kaji (뜻도 모르고 자주 쓰는 우리말 어원 500가지), 2008, →ISBN
* ↑ 박재희 [bakjaehui] (2015) “3인칭대명사 ‘그’에 관한 소고 [3inchingdaemyeongsa ‘geu’e gwanhan sogo]”, in 한민족어문학, volume 71, pages 103-128