# 勸

| 勸 | U+52F8, &#21240; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52F8 |
| ← 勷 [U+52F7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 勹 → [U+52F9] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 勸 |
| Shinjitai | 勧 |
| Simplified | 劝 |

### Han character

勸 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+17, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土大尸 (TGKS), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿰雚力)

#### Derived characters

* 𠑧, 𡅳, 𪯄, 𣡒, 𤓘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 150, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2486
* Dae Jaweon: page 338, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 382, character 18
* Unihan data for U+52F8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 勸
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 觀 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 灌 | *koːns |
| 鸛 | *koːns |
| 瓘 | *koːns |
| 矔 | *koːns, *kroːns |
| 懽 | *koːns, *qʰoːn |
| 爟 | *koːns |
| 雚 | *koːns |
| 罐 | *koːns |
| 鑵 | *koːns |
| 歡 | *qʰoːn |
| 驩 | *qʰoːn |
| 貛 | *qʰoːn |
| 酄 | *qʰoːn |
| 獾 | *qʰoːn |
| 讙 | *qʰoːn, *qʰon |
| 嚾 | *qʰoːns |
| 權 | *ɡron |
| 顴 | *ɡron |
| 孉 | *ɡron |
| 蠸 | *ɡron |
| 虇 | *kʰonʔ, *kʰons |
| 勸 | *kʰons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰons): phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): quàn (quan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qyon$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khien / khian
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kian$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qye$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khoàn / khǹg / khùiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): keng$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chioe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyenn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^4$
*** Yale: chywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuann
*** Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyun$^3$
*** Yale: hyun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hün$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːn³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qyon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰian⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qye$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuiŋ³³/, /kʰyiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoàn
*** Tâi-lô: khuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoaxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
*** Tâi-lô: khǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰŋ̍²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khuìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qvuix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuĩ²¹/
* khoàn - literary;
* khǹg/khùiⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: khjwonH
Rime :
| Character | 勸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去願切 |
| Baxter | khjwonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʉɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭwɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯wɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hyun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷʰar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰons/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | quàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjwon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qʷʰar-s/ |
| English | encourage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4501 |
| Phonetic component | 雚 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劵 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰons/ |

### Definitions

勸
* to encourage; to recommend
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Shàn Zhèng yǐ quàn láizhě, yóu jù bù jì, kuàng bùlǐ yān? [Pinyin]
    Even if we were to treat Zheng with propriety to encourage other vassals in the future, we should yet worry about falling short, let alone slighting them!
* to advise; to urge; to exhort
    勸告／劝告 ― quàngào ― to advise
* to appeal
    勸架／劝架 ― quànjià ― to conciliate (in a fight or quarrel)
* a surname, Quan

#### Synonyms

* (to encourage):
* 勉勵 / 勉励 (miǎnlì)
* 勗勉 / 勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
* 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì)
* 砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
* 鼓動 / 鼓动 (gǔdòng)
* 鼓勵 / 鼓励 (gǔlì)
* 鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)
* (to urge):
* 勸說 / 劝说 (quànshuō)
* 折服 (zhéfú)
* 說 / 说 (shuì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 說動 / 说动 (shuōdòng)
* 說服 / 说服
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 催 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 催 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 催 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 勸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 催 |

### Compounds

* 力勸 / 力劝
* 勸世 / 劝世 (quànshì)
* 勸勉 / 劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
* 勸募 / 劝募
* 勸化 / 劝化
* 勸告 / 劝告 (quàngào)
* 勸和 / 劝和 (quànhé)
* 勸善 / 劝善 (quànshàn)
* 勸善懲惡 / 劝善惩恶 (quànshànchéng'è)
* 勸善戒惡 / 劝善戒恶
* 勸善規過 / 劝善规过
* 勸善黜惡 / 劝善黜恶
* 勸學 / 劝学 (quànxué)
* 勸學篇 / 劝学篇
* 勸導 / 劝导 (quàndǎo)
* 勸慰 / 劝慰 (quànwèi)
* 勸戒 / 劝戒 (quànjiè)
* 勸捐 / 劝捐
* 勸教 / 劝教
* 勸杯 / 劝杯
* 勸架 / 劝架 (quànjià)
* 勸業場 / 劝业场
* 勸止 / 劝止 (quànzhǐ)
* 勸百諷一 / 劝百讽一
* 勸盤 / 劝盘
* 勸解 / 劝解 (quànjiě)
* 勸誘 / 劝诱 (quànyòu)
* 勸說 / 劝说 (quànshuō)
* 勸誡 / 劝诫 (quànjiè)
* 勸諫 / 劝谏 (quànjiàn)
* 勸農 / 劝农 (quànnóng)
* 勸退 / 劝退 (quàntuì)
* 勸進 / 劝进 (quànjìn)
* 勸酒 / 劝酒 (quànjiǔ)
* 勸酬 / 劝酬
* 勸開 / 劝开
* 勸阻 / 劝阻 (quànzǔ)
* 勸降 / 劝降 (quànxiáng)
* 勸駕 / 劝驾
* 和勸 / 和劝
* 奉勸 / 奉劝 (fèngquàn)
* 好言相勸 / 好言相劝 (hǎoyán xiāngquàn)
* 婉勸 / 婉劝
* 懲勸 / 惩劝
* 懲惡勸善 / 惩恶劝善 (chéng'èquànshàn)
* 扯勸 / 扯劝
* 拉勸 / 拉劝
* 柔性勸導 / 柔性劝导
* 殺狗勸夫 / 杀狗劝夫
* 演古勸今 / 演古劝今
* 相勸 / 相劝 (xiāngquàn)
* 罰一勸百 / 罚一劝百
* 苦勸 / 苦劝 (kǔquàn)
* 規勸 / 规劝 (guīquàn)
* 解勸 / 解劝
* 課勸 / 课劝
* 諷一勸百 / 讽一劝百
* 諫勸 / 谏劝
* 賞一勸百 / 赏一劝百
* 連勸帶訓 / 连劝带训
* 龔遂勸農 / 龚遂劝农

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: khuyên

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 勧 |
| Kyūjitai | 勸 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 勧)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
* Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

## Korean
### Hanja

勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon))
* hanja form of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

勸: Hán Nôm readings: khuyến, khuyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.