# 愩

| 愩 | U+6129, &#24873; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6129 |
| ← 愨 [U+6128] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愪 → [U+612A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心一月金 (PMBC) or 難心一月金 (XPMBC), four-corner 9108$_6$, composition ⿰忄貢)

#### Derived characters

* 𢣁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 396, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10984
* Dae Jaweon: page 734, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2335, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6129

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːŋ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōng (gong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gong
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kuwng
Rime :
| Character | 愩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古紅切 |
| Baxter | kuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4028 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 公 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

愩
* (historical dictionaries only) distraught; upset
* (historical dictionaries only) scared

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòng (gong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$
*** Yale: gùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

愩
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^5$
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kông
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

愩
* (Teochew) dizzy
* (Teochew) muddle-headed

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 暈 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 暈 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 暈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 暈 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 暈 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 眩, 楞 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 眩, 楞 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 眩, 愩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 眩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 眩 |

#### Compounds

* 頭愩愩 / 头𫺌𫺌

#### See also

* (Hokkien) 楞 (gông)

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 愩 – see 𢦅 (“absentminded”). (This character is a variant form of 𢦅).

### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (粵拼資料庫)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愩: Hán Nôm readings: ngúng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation