# 昨夜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuóyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zok$^3$ je$^6$ / zok$^6$ je$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cha-iā
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuóyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuóyè
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^2$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: dzwó-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwoyeh
*** Palladius: цзое (czoje)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zok$^3$ je$^6$ / zok$^6$ je$^6$
*** Yale: jok yeh / johk yeh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzok$^8$ je$^6$ / dzok$^9$ je$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zog$^3$ yé$^6$ / zog$^6$ yé$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːk̚³ jɛː²²/, /t͡sɔːk̚² jɛː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha-iā
*** Tâi-lô: tsa-iā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: za'ia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² ia²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa³³ ia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² ia²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ ia³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzak yaeH
Rime :
| Character | 昨 | 夜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 在各切 | 羊謝切 |
| Baxter | dzak | yaeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɑk̚/ | /jia$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɑk̚/ | /jia$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɑk̚/ | /ia$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zak̚/ | /jia$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zɑk̚/ | /ia$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɑk̚/ | /jĭa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑk̚/ | /i̯a$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zuó | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zok$^6$ | je$^6$ |

### Noun

昨夜
* last night
    From: 《木蘭詩》 (Ballad of Mulan); translation by Jack Yuan
    Zuóyè jiàn jūntiě, kèhán dà diǎnbīng, jūnshū shí'èr juǎn, juǎn juǎn yǒu yé míng. [Pinyin]
    Last night I saw the army notice, the Khan is calling a great draft – A dozen volumes of battle rolls, each one with my father's name.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 昔者, 昨夜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 昨晚, 昨夜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 夜下黑兒, 夜黑家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 昨晚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 夜黑間 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 夜黑, 夜黑咧 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 夜兒黑裡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 昨晚些, 昨天晚些 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 昨晚上 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 琴晚, 尋晚, 琴晚黑, 尋晚黑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 琴晚, 尋晚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 昨晚黑 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 尋晚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 尋晚夜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 琴日夜晚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 琴晚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 尋晚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 尋晚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 昨晚晚黑 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 住日晚 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 昨晚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 琴晚, 尋晚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 秋晡夜 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 昨晚黑 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 參晚夜 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 昨晚日晚夜 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 參日晚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 查晡夜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 昨暗晡 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 昨暗晡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 昨暗晡 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 昨暗晡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 昨暗晡 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 昨暗夜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 昨暝晡 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 昨昏 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 昨暝, 昨暗 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 昨暗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 昨暝, 昨眠囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 昨暝, 昨暝暗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 昨暝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 昨暝, 昨暝昏 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 昨暝, 昨晡暝昏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 昨暝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 夙暝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 夙暝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 崇麻昏 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 昨夜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 昨夜, 昨日兒夜頭 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 昨夜巴 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 昨(さく)夜(や) (sakuya)
* → Korean: 작야(昨夜) (jagya)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| さく Grade: 4 | や Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 昨夜 (MC dzak yaeH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さくや [sàkúꜜyà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [sa̠kɯ̟ja̠]

#### Noun

昨(さく)夜(や) • (sakuya)
* (formal) last night

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| ゆうべ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
Shift from 夕べ (yūbe, “evening”), which has an additional 平板型 (heiban-gata) or [0] accent pitch.
The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.
Cognate with Northern Amami Ōshima ゆぶぃ (yubï, “last night”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆうべ [yùúbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [jɯ̟ːbe̞]

#### Noun

昨夜(ゆうべ) • (yūbe)
* (colloquial) last night

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| ゆんべ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
/juɸube/ → */juːbe/ → /junbe/ → /jumbe/
Shift from yūbe above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆんべ [yùńbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3]) as a noun
* (Tokyo) ゆんべ [yùńbé] (Heiban – [0]) when used adverbially
* IPA: [jɯ̟̃mbe̞]

#### Noun

昨夜(ゆんべ) • (yunbe)
* (archaic, colloquial) last night, yestereve, yesternight

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| よべ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 宵 (yoi, “evening”) or 夜 (yo, “night”) +‎ 辺 (-he, “direction, location”)?”
The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.

#### Noun

昨夜(よべ) • (yobe)
* (archaic, obsolete) last night, yestereve, yesternight

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| よんべ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
/jobe/ → */joːbe/ → /jonbe/ → /jombe/
Shift from yobe above.
The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.

#### Noun

昨夜(よんべ) • (yonbe)
* (archaic, obsolete) last night, yestereve, yesternight

### Etymology 6

Kanji in this term :
| 昨 | 夜 |
| きそ ||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 昨夜 – see the following entry. :
| 【昨日きそ】 | [noun] last night [noun] yesterday |
(This term, 昨夜, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### See also

* 一(いっ)昨(さく)夜(や) (issakuya)
* 昨日(きのう)の夜(よ) (kinō no yo)
* 今宵(こよい) (koyoi)
* 前(ぜん)夜(や) (zen'ya)
* 夜(や)来(らい) (yarai)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN