# 膝

| 膝 | U+819D, &#33181; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D |
| ← 膜 [U+819C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膞 → [U+819E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 7423$_2$, composition ⿰⺼桼)

#### Coordinate terms

* 肘

#### Derived characters

* 𧀬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
* Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2106, character 11
* Unihan data for U+819D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 漆 | *sʰiɡ |
| 桼 | *sʰiɡ |
| 膝 | *siɡ |
| 厀 | *siɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *siɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.
Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *siɡ) : phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).

### Etymology

From an *s-prefixed form of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsik (“joint”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī, qī (xi$^1$, qi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄑㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhit
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qieh$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sit / chhek / chhiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (variant in Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ci
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$
*** Yale: sāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
*** Hakka Romanization System: qid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
*** Tâi-lô: sit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
*** Tâi-lô: tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
* Quanzhou and Taiwan:
** sit - literary;
** chhek/chhiak - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: sit
Rime :
| Character | 膝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息七切 |
| Baxter | sit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*siɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 膝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sit › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tsik/ |
| English | knee |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9928 |
| Phonetic component | 桼 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 悉 |
| Old Chinese | /*siɡ/ |
| Notes | 同厀 |

### Definitions

膝
* (anatomy) knee
    膝蓋／膝盖 ― xīgài ― knee

### Compounds

* 交臂屈膝
* 低頭屈膝 / 低头屈膝
* 低顏下膝 / 低颜下膝
* 促膝
* 促膝談心 / 促膝谈心
* 促膝長談 / 促膝长谈
* 兜膝
* 兩手過膝 / 两手过膝
* 加膝墜淵 / 加膝坠渊
* 卑躬屈膝 (bēigōng-qūxī)
* 垂手過膝 / 垂手过膝
* 奴顏婢膝 / 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
* 婢膝奴顏 / 婢膝奴颜
* 容膝
* 對膝 / 对膝
* 屈膝 (qūxī)
* 承歡膝下 / 承欢膝下 (chénghuān xīxià)
* 拊膝
* 拍膝嗟歎 / 拍膝嗟叹
* 接膝
* 敝膝
* 盤膝 / 盘膝
* 盤膝而坐 / 盘膝而坐
* 磕膝蓋 / 磕膝盖
* 竹夾膝 / 竹夹膝
* 胳膝
* 膝下 (xīxià)
* 膝下猶虛 / 膝下犹虚
* 膝反射
* 膝席
* 膝癢搔背 / 膝痒搔背
* 膝蓋 / 膝盖 (xīgài)
* 膝蓋骨 / 膝盖骨 (xīgàigǔ)
* 膝行 (xīxíng)
* 膝行肘步
* 膝袒
* 膝褲 / 膝裤
* 膝頭 / 膝头 (xītóu)
* 蔽膝 (bìxī)
* 裂裳裹膝
* 護膝 / 护膝 (hùxī)
* 鶴膝 / 鹤膝
* 鶴膝風 / 鹤膝风

### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 膝 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 膝蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒, 磕膝蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 膝蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 波了蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 波浪蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 波浪蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波羅蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 波稜蓋兒, 波浪蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波勒蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 波稜蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 膝蓋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 波稜蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒, 脖拉蓋兒, 脖力蓋兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 波稜蓋兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 膝蓋, 波拉蓋兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 圪拉瓣兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 膝蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 波拉蓋兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 波勒蓋, 波拉蓋, 圪拉瓣兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 波羅蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 波羅蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 波稜蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 波羅蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 不老蓋兒, 圪老拜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 虧蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 圪拉拜子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 胳拉伴兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 圪膝蓋, 膝子蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 圪膝蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 膝蓋, 波老蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 不牢蓋兒, 膝蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 腿包子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋, 腿膝蓋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 磕膝蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 磕膝蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 波膝蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 圪婁拜子, 圪拜子, 膝蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 膝蓋, 膝拉拜子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 磕膝蓋, 普膝蓋子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 磕膝蓋, 磕膝蓋子, 洼膝羅子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 波稜蓋兒, 波里蓋, 膝蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 波羅蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋兒, 波膝蓋子, 玻璃蓋子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 波膝蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 膝蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 磕膝蓋, 波膝蓋, 波膝蓋兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 磕膝頭兒, 膝蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 膝蓋, 膝蓋骨, 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 磕膝波羅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 磕膝頭, 磕膝包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 膝蓋, 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 磕膝頭兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 膝蓋, 磕膝頭, 磕膝, 拱子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 膝蓋, 波羅蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 膝蓋, 膝蓋骨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 波羅蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 磕膝頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 磕膝頭兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 磕膝頭, 波羅蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 波羅蓋兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 磕膝蓋, 膝蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 波羅蓋, 腳膝蓋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 磕膝頭兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 膝腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 磕膝蓋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 磕膝頭, 磕膝頭兒, 胳蓋兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 膝蓋, 磕膝頭子, 波羅蓋子 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 磕頭子, 磕拜子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 磕頭子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 膝頭盤兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 磕膝坡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 膝蓋, 膝波羅頭子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 膝蓋, 胳腦頭子, 胳腦頭, 磕膝頭, 磕老求 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 色頭兒 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 波羅蓋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 膝頭哥, 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 膝頭哥, 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 膝頭蓋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huancheng) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nanlang) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Xiaolan) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Henglan) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongfeng) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nantou) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Fusha) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shalang) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Gangkou) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huangpu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Sanjiao) | 膝頭跗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Minzhong) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Guzhen) | 膝腳頭, 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Banfu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanzhou) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 膝頭哥, 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 膝頭蓋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 膝頭, 波羅蓋, 膝蓋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 波羅蓋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 膝頭蓋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 膝頭牯, 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 膝頭牯 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 膝頭哥, 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 膝頭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 膝蓋 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 膝頭哥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 膝頭, 膝頭蓋子, 磕膝, 磕膝頭子, 和尚 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 膝頭公 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 膝頭, 膝頭項 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 膝頭蓋 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 膝頭, 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 膝頭, 波羅蓋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 波羅蓋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 腳頭 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 膝頭骨 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 膝頭牯 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 腳頭牯 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Changting | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 膝頭卵 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 膝頭拐, 膝頭腦 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 膝頭蓋子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 膝頭腦 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 膝頭, 腳膝頭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 膝頭, 膝蓋 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 膝頭 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 腳膝頭 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 腳膝頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 圪膝蓋, 圪地跪 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 胳膝跪子 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 圪膝蓋兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 圪替跪, 圪膝蓋, 圪膝 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 圪膝蓋兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 膝蓋, 圪膝蓋 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 圪膝蓋 |
| Jin | Linhe | 圪膝蓋, 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋子 |
| Jin | Jining | 圪膝蓋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 圪膝蓋, 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝 |
| Jin | Baotou | 圪膝蓋 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 圪膝蓋 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 圪膝蓋, 圪膝 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 磕膝蓋兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 波稜蓋兒, 胳膝蓋兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 膝蓋, 波盧蓋兒, 胳老伴兒 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 波羅蓋兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 跤神頭, 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 跤腹頭 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 跤脊頭 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 跤腹頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 跤腹頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 跤肚頭, 跤腹頭 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 跤腹頭 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 跤骨頭 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 跤肚頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 跤腹頭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 跤骨頭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 跤頭趺, 牛仔頭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 跤頭趺, 跤尪仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 跤腕仔, 燈火仔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 跤頭腕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 跤頭趺, 跤頭翁仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 跤腕, 跤頭趺, 跤趺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 跤甕 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 牛仔頭, 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 跤趺腕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 跤趺 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 跤趺頭 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 膝頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 跤頭, 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 跤頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 跤頭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 跤頭趺 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 跤頭趺, 跤趺 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 跤趺 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 跤趺臍, 跤趺 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 跤趺 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 跤肚頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 跤肚頭 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 跤頭節, 跤筒節, 跤際頭節, 跤仔頭 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 跤脊頭 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 跤子頭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 跤瀝頭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 跤頭趺, 跤即頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 膝頭, 膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 屈頭眼 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 腳腹頭 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 腳腹頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭, 膝蓋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 膝饅頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 膝饅頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 膝盤頭, 膝頭盤, 膝蓋, 膝蓋頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 腳髁頭, 膝髁頭, 腳膝髁頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 腳髁頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 腳胐頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 腳膝䯊 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 膝蓋, 腳膝髁頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 膝頭骨, 磕膝骨 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 膝頭牯, 膝蓋 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 膝頭牯 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 膝頭骨 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 膝頭箍 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 磕膝頭 |

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “膝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 252.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しち (shichi)
* Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
* Kun: ひざ (hiza, 膝, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 膝蓋(しつがい) (shitsugai): patella, kneecap
* 膝枕(ひざまくら) (hizamakura)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 膝
* ひざ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pinsa.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひざ [hìzá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiza̠]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

膝(ひざ) • (hiza)
* knee
    膝(ひざ)を抱(かか)える
       hiza o kakaeru
       to hug one's knees

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膝 (MC sit).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq) | 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 무룹 (Yale: mwùlwùp) | 슬〮 (Yale: súl) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰɯɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [슬]

### Hanja

Wikisource 膝 (eumhun 무릎 슬 (mureup seul))
* hanja form of 슬 (“knee”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 슬개골 (膝蓋骨, seulgaegol)
* 슬골 (膝骨, seulgol)
* 슬하 (膝下, seulha)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

膝: Hán Nôm readings: tất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.