# qualm
## English
### Alternative forms

* calm (dialectal)

### Etymology

Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: "death, disaster, plague"), ūtcwalm (Anglian: "utter destruction"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of "pang of apprehension, etc." in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kwɑːm/, /kwɔːm/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /kwɑm/, /kwɔm/, /kwɑlm/, (obsolete) /kwæm/
* Rhymes: -ɑːm, -ɔːm, -ɑːlm

### Noun

qualm (plural qualms)
* A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc. [from 16th c.]
** 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:[W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?
** 1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:"Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?" / "Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway. […]"
** 2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal‎, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.(Can we archive this URL?)
** 2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club‎:Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).
* A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness. [from 16th c.]
* (now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]
    This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.
* (archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.
* (archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.

#### Synonyms

    The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
* compunction
* misgiving
* scruple
* unease/uneasiness
* See Thesaurus:apprehension

#### Derived terms

* qualmish
* qualmishly
* qualmishness
* qualmy

#### Related terms

* quell

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)
* (intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.

### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “qualm”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Meredith, L. P. (1872) “Qualm”, in Every-Day Errors of Speech‎, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., page 37.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* cwalm, cualm, qwalm, qualme

### Etymology

From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kwalm/

### Noun

qualm
* Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts.
* The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague.
* (rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)

#### Descendants

* English: qualm (possibly)
* Scots: qualm (possibly)

#### References

* “qualm, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-12.