# 焰

| 焰 | U+7130, &#28976; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7130 |
| ← 焯 [U+712F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 焱 → [U+7131] |

## Translingual
### Han character

焰 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火弓竹難 (FNHX), four-corner 9787$_7$, composition ⿰火臽)

#### Derived characters

* 𡓢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 675, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19141
* Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2210, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7130

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 萏 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 窞 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 惂 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 輡 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 錎 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 埳 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 臽 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 淊 | *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ |
| 欿 | *ɡloːmʔ |
| 蜭 | *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms |
| 啗 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 鵮 | *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms |
| 餡 | *ɡroːms |
| 陷 | *ɡroːms |
| 爓 | *ljom, *loms |
| 諂 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 讇 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 閻 | *lom |
| 焰 | *loms |
| 壛 | *lom |
| 櫩 | *lom |
| 燄 | *lomʔ |
| 掐 | *kʰroːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *loms) : phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) + semantic 火 (“fire”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^6$ / jim$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yam
    (Hailu, HRS): rham$^˖$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iām / iāⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iam$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^6$ / jim$^4$
*** Yale: yihm / yìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^6$ / jim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^6$ / yim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²²/, /jiːm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yam
*** Hakka Romanization System: iam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯am⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yam
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rham$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒam³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iām
*** Tâi-lô: iām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iam³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iāⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: iānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: via
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iã²²/
* iāⁿ - vernacular;
* iām - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yemH
Rime :
| Character | 焰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以贍切 |
| Baxter | yemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*loms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 焰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13566 |
| Phonetic component | 臽 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豔 |
| Old Chinese | /*loms/ |
| Notes | 燄轉註分化字 |

### Definitions

焰
* flame

#### Compounds

* 光焰
* 光焰萬丈 / 光焰万丈
* 內焰 / 内焰
* 冷焰
* 凶焰 (xiōngyàn)
* 勢焰 / 势焰 (shìyàn)
* 外焰
* 太陽閃焰 / 太阳闪焰
* 放焰口
* 敵焰 / 敌焰 (díyàn)
* 氧化焰
* 氣焰 / 气焰 (qìyàn)
* 氣焰囂張 / 气焰嚣张
* 氣焰熏天
* 氫氧焰 / 氢氧焰
* 火焰 (huǒyàn)
* 火焰山 (Huǒyànshān)
* 火焰焰
* 烈焰 (lièyàn)
* 烈焰騰空 / 烈焰腾空
* 焰口
* 焰心
* 焰段
* 焰火 (yànhuǒ)
* 焰焰
* 焰硝
* 焰色分析
* 焰騰騰 / 焰腾腾
* 紅焰 / 红焰 (Hóngyàn)
* 還原焰 / 还原焰
* 飛蛾投焰 / 飞蛾投焰
* 飛蛾赴焰 / 飞蛾赴焰

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02415
* “焰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 焔 |
| Kyūjitai | 焰 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 焔)
* flame
* blaze
* glowing
* blazing

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: ほのお (honoo, 焰)、ほむら (homura, 焰)
* Nanori: ほのお (honoo)

#### Compounds

* 焰色(えんしょく) (enshoku): flame colour
* 火焰(かえん) (kaen)
* 気焰(きえん) (kien)

### Etymology

For pronunciation and definitions of 焰 – see the following entry. :
| 【炎】S | [kanji] jōyō kanji Kanji reading: えん, ほの.お, ほむら, もえる |
(This term, 焰, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
| 【炎ほのお】S | [noun] a flame [noun] (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion Alternative spellings 焔, 燄 |
| 【炎ほむら】S | [noun] a flame [noun] (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion Alternative spellings 焔, 燄 |
| 【炎えん】S | [affix] flame, blaze [affix] (figurative) passion, emotion Alternative spellings 焔, 燄 |
(This term, 焰, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (焔) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 焰 (MC yemH). Recorded as Middle Korean 燄/염〯 (yěm) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 焰 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))
* hanja form of 염 (“flame; blaze; glowing”)

#### Compounds

* 기염 (氣焰, giyeom)
* 기염 (氣焰, giyeom, “bluster”)
* 세염 (勢焰, seyeom)
* 염초 (焰硝, yeomcho)
* 홍염 (紅焰, hong'yeom)
* 화색 (焰色, hwasaek, “flame colour”)
* 화염 (火焰, hwayeom, “flame”)
* 화염병 (火焰甁, hwayeombyeong, “Molotov cocktail”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

焰: Hán Nôm readings: diệm, diễm, diêm, dim
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.