# 盲

| 盲 | U+76F2, &#30450; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F2 |
| ← 盱 [U+76F1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盳 → [U+76F3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

盲 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜女月山 (YVBU), four-corner 0060$_1$, composition ⿱亡目)

#### Derived characters

* 𰇸, 𡞙, 𱦼, 𥇋, 䗈, 𨌶, 𦱋, 䈍, 𤷐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23132
* Dae Jaweon: page 1214, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2469, character 19
* Unihan data for U+76F2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 盲 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 目 (“eye”). Also Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 亡 (“cutting edge of a knife; to perish”) + semantic 目 (“eye”) - go blind (by losing your eye). See also 民, 臧 and 童.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máng (mang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mòng / mô
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mang$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǎng
* Eastern Min (BUC): màng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ma$^2$ / morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bông / mê / mî / mêe / mô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$ / mêng$^5$ / mê$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$maon / $^2$maon / $^2$man
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$
*** Yale: máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maang$^4$
*** Yale: màahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbaŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng / mô
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong$^ˇ$ / mo$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mong$^2$ / mo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ¹¹/, /mo²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /maŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: màng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ma$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ma¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* morng2 - literary;
* ma2 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: maeng
Rime :
| Character | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 武庚切 |
| Baxter | maeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /maŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤ<r>aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | máng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁ<r>aŋ/ |
| English | blind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12689 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 盲 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːŋ/ |

### Definitions

盲
* blind
* (figurative) lacking understanding or common sense
* person who is blind
* person who is illiterate
* carelessly; blindly

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 瞎, 盲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 盲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目瞎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲 |

### See also

* 聾／聋 (lóng, “deaf”), 啞／哑 (yǎ, “mute”)

### Compounds

* 以盲辨色 (yǐmángbiànsè)
* 偏盲
* 問道於盲 / 问道于盲
* 夜盲症 (yèmángzhèng)
* 導盲 / 导盲 (dǎománg)
* 導盲犬 / 导盲犬 (dǎomángquǎn)
* 導盲磚 / 导盲砖 (dǎomángzhuān)
* 導盲道 / 导盲道 (dǎomángdào)
* 心盲
* 捉盲盲
* 摸盲盲
* 文盲 (wénmáng)
* 晦盲
* 晦盲否塞 (huìmángpǐsè)
* 有目如盲
* 有眼如盲
* 求道於盲 / 求道于盲
* 法盲 (fǎmáng)
* 發雞盲 / 发鸡盲
* 盲人 (mángrén)
* 盲人把燭 / 盲人把烛
* 盲人按摩 (mángrén ànmó)
* 盲人摸象 (mángrénmōxiàng)
* 盲人瞎馬 / 盲人瞎马 (mángrénxiāmǎ)
* 盲人說象 / 盲人说象 (mángrén shuō xiàng)
* 盲人讀物 / 盲人读物
* 盲人路
* 盲人電腦 / 盲人电脑
* 盲信 (mángxìn)
* 盲兒 / 盲儿
* 盲公鏡 / 盲公镜 (mánggōngjìng)
* 盲動 / 盲动 (mángdòng)
* 盲婚啞嫁 / 盲婚哑嫁 (mánghūnyǎjià)
* 盲子 (mángzi)
* 盲字 (mángzì)
* 盲幹 / 盲干 (mánggàn)
* 盲從 / 盲从 (mángcóng)
* 盲文 (mángwén)
* 盲棋 (mángqí)
* 盲溝 / 盲沟
* 盲盒 (mánghé)
* 盲目 (mángmù)
* 盲目行事
* 盲眼無珠 / 盲眼无珠
* 盲者得鏡 / 盲者得镜
* 盲胞
* 盲腸 / 盲肠 (mángcháng)
* 盲腸炎 / 盲肠炎 (mángchángyán)
* 盲蛇 (mángshé)
* 盲詞 / 盲词
* 盲風 / 盲风 (mángfēng)
* 盲駕 / 盲驾
* 盲鰻 / 盲鳗 (mángmán)
* 盲點 / 盲点 (mángdiǎn)
* 眾盲摸象 / 众盲摸象 (zhòngmángmōxiàng)
* 科盲 (kēmáng)
* 聾盲瘖啞 / 聋盲瘖哑
* 色盲 (sèmáng)
* 迴盲瓣 / 回盲瓣 (huímángbàn)
* 雪盲 (xuěmáng)
* 青盲 (qīngmáng)

### References

* “盲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “盲”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: もう (mō, Jōyō)
* Kun: めくら (mekura, 盲)、めしい (meshii, 盲)

#### Compounds

* 文盲(もんもう) (monmō)
* 色盲(しきもう) (shikimō)
* 盲人(もうじん) (mōjin)
* 盲牌(もうぱい) (mōpai)
* 盲学校(もうがっこう) (mōgakkō)
* 盲信(もうしん) (mōshin)
* 盲点(もうてん) (mōten)
* 盲従(もうじゅう) (mōjū)
* 盲啞(もうあ) (mōa) (盲唖(もうあ) (mōa))
* 盲動(もうどう) (mōdō)
* 盲愛(もうあい) (mōai)
* 盲導犬(もうどうけん) (mōdōken)
* 盲鰻(めくらうなぎ) (mekuraunagi)
* 盲目(もうもく) (mōmoku)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 盲
* めくら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 盲 – see the following entry. :
| 【めくら】 | [noun] (likely offensive) blindness [noun] (likely offensive) blind person [noun] (likely offensive) ignorance [noun] (likely offensive) ignorant person; an ignoramus Alternative spelling 瞽 |
(This term, 盲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 盲
* めしい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 盲 – see the following entry. :
| 【めしい】 | [noun] (dated, likely offensive) blindness [noun] (dated, likely offensive) blind person Alternative spelling 瞽 |
(This term, 盲, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 盲
* もう Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 盲 (MC maeng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もー [móꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mo̞ː]

#### Noun

盲(もう) • (mō)
* blindness
* blind person

##### Synonyms

* (blindness): 盲目(もうもく) (mōmoku)
* (blind person): 盲人(もうじん) (mōjin)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “blindness”): 晴眼(せいがん) (seigan)
* (antonym(s) of “blind person”): 晴眼者(せいがんしゃ) (seigansha)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 盲 (MC maeng). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄆᆡᇰ (moyng) (Yale: moyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mɛ(ː)ŋ] ~ [me̞(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [맹(ː)/멩(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 盲 (eumhun 소경 맹 (sogyeong maeng))
* hanja form of 맹 (“blind”)

#### Compounds

* 맹동 (盲動, maengdong)
* 맹신 (盲信, maengsin)
* 맹인 (盲人, maeng'in)
* 맹자 (盲者, maengja)
* 맹장 (盲腸, maengjang)
* 맹점 (盲點, maengjeom)
* 맹종 (盲從, maengjong)
* 문맹 (文盲, munmaeng)
* 색맹 (色盲, saengmaeng)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

盲: Hán Nôm readings: manh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
* Nôm: manh

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999