# 脊

| 脊 | U+810A, &#33034; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-810A |
| ← 脉 [U+8109] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 脋 → [U+810B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

脊 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火金月 (FCB), four-corner 1122$_7$)

#### Derived characters

* 塉 嵴 膌 蹐 𦢡 𦢢 䰪 鶺(鹡) 瘠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 982, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29472
* Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 10
* Unihan data for U+810A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脊 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 脊 | *ʔseɡ |
| 蹐 | *ʔseɡ |
| 鶺 | *ʔseɡ |
| 塉 | *zeɡ |
| 瘠 | *zeɡ |
| 膌 | *zeɡ |
Originally a pictogram (象形) of a fish spine. 肉 was added later to distinguish it. The top component corrupted into 𠦬, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔseɡ) : phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐ, jí (ji$^3$, ji$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ, ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zek$^3$ / zik$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jieh$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiak / chek / chit / chiah
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zig$^4$ / ziah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$ciq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese and Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zek$^3$ / zik$^3$
*** Yale: jek / jik
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzek$^8$ / dzik$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zég$^3$ / jig$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛːk̚³/, /t͡sɪk̚³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
*** Tâi-lô: tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cid
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
*** Tâi-lô: tsiah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siaʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ³²/
* chiak/chek - literary;
* chit/chiah - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsjek
Rime :
| Character | 脊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 資昔切 |
| Baxter | tsjek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 脊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ek/ |
| English | spine, backbone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5782 |
| Phonetic component | 脊 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 積 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔseɡ/ |

### Definitions

脊
* (anatomy) spine; backbone
* (of terrain, rooms, etc.) ridgeline; ridge; spine; ridge beam
* (of books, knives, etc.) spine
* a surname

### Compounds

* 世界屋脊 (shìjiè wūjǐ)
* 中洋脊
* 光脊梁
* 單斜脊 / 单斜脊
* 地脊
* 屋脊 (wūjǐ)
* 山脊 (shānjǐ)
* 戳脊梁骨
* 房脊 (fángjǐ)
* 打脊
* 打脊匹夫
* 打脊魍魎 / 打脊魍魉
* 書脊 / 书脊 (shūjǐ)
* 沒脊梁
* 沒脊骨 / 没脊骨
* 磨脊梁
* 背脊 (bèijǐ)
* 脊令在原
* 脊杖
* 脊柱 (jǐzhù)
* 脊梁
* 脊梁骨
* 脊椎
* 脊椎動物 / 脊椎动物
* 脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
* 脊檁 / 脊檩 (jǐlǐn)
* 脊百合
* 脊神經 / 脊神经 (jǐshénjīng)
* 脊索 (jǐsuǒ)
* 脊索動物 / 脊索动物 (jǐsuǒ dòngwù)
* 脊背 (jǐbèi)
* 胸脊
* 脊醫 / 脊医
* 脊髓
* 花屋脊 (Huāwūjǐ)
* 裡脊肉 / 里脊肉
* 豎起脊梁
* 躥房越脊 / 蹿房越脊
* 露脊鯨 / 露脊鲸 (lùjǐjīng)
* 飛簷走脊 / 飞檐走脊

### References

* “脊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* height, stature

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
* Kun: せ (se, 脊)、せい (sei, 脊)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 脊
* せい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 脊 – see the following entry. :
| 【背せ】6 | [noun] one's back (part of the human body) [noun] one's height [noun] the rear of something, the area behind |
| 【背せい】6 | [noun] height |
(This term, 脊, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脊 (MC tsjek). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑〮 (chyék) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 脊 (eumhun 등마루 척 (deungmaru cheok))
* hanja form of 척 (“spine; backbone”)

#### Compounds

* 척골 (脊骨, cheokgol)
* 척량 (脊梁, cheongnyang)
* 척삭동물 (脊索動物, cheoksakdongmul)
* 척수 (脊髓, cheoksu)
* 척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
* 척추동물 (脊椎動物, cheokchudongmul)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

脊: Hán Nôm readings: tích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.