# 山林
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shānlín
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^1$ lam$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sân-lìm / sân-nà
    (Hailu, HRS): san$^ˋ$ lim / san$^ˋ$ na
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): san-lîm / soaⁿ-nâ / soaⁿ-lîm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suan$^1$ lim$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shānlín
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shanlín
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-lin$^2$
*** Yale: shān-lín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanlin
*** Palladius: шаньлинь (šanʹlinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ lin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ lam$^4$
*** Yale: sāan làhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ lam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ lem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ lɐm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-lìm / sân-nà
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ lim$^ˇ$ / san$^ˊ$ na$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ lim$^2$ / san$^1$ na$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ lim¹¹/, /san²⁴ na¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˋ$ lim / san$^ˋ$ na
*** Sinological IPA: /san⁵³ lim⁵⁵/, /san⁵³ na⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-lîm
*** Tâi-lô: san-lîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sanliim
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³ lim²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /san⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-nâ
*** Tâi-lô: suann-nâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoanaa
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ nã²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-lîm
*** Tâi-lô: suann-lîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoaliim
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suan$^1$ lim$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ lîm
*** Sinological IPA : /sũã³³⁻²³ lim⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: srean lim
Rime :
| Character | 山 | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 | 力尋切 |
| Baxter | srean | lim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠɛn/ | /liɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚæn/ | /lim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃæn/ | /ljem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂəɨn/ | /lim/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɛn/ | /liəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃæn/ | /lĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂăn/ | /li̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shān | lín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saan$^1$ | lam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar [r]əm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn ɡ·rɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 山 | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shān | lín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srɛn › | ‹ lim › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ŋrar/ | /*[r]əm/ |
| English | mountain, hill | forest |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 山 | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 | 8165 |
| Phonetic component | 山 | 林 |
| Rime group | 元 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 山 | 林 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreːn/ | /*ɡ·rɯm/ |

### Noun

山林
* mountains and forests
* mountain forest
* (by extension) secluded place; seclusion

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 林 |
| さん Grade: 1 | りん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さんりん [sàńríń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sã̠n̺ɾʲĩɴ]

### Noun

山(さん)林(りん) • (sanrin)
* mountains and forests
* mountain forest

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN