# 稀

| 稀 | U+7A00, &#31232; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A00 |
| ← 秿 [U+79FF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 稁 → [U+7A01] |

## Translingual
### Han character

稀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木大大月 (HDKKB), four-corner 2492$_7$, composition ⿰禾希)

#### Derived characters

* 𤏨, 𦻎, 𤏤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 853, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25058
* Dae Jaweon: page 1277, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2609, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7A00

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 桸 | *hral, *hlɯl |
| 郗 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 絺 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 脪 | *l̥ʰɯl, *hrɯnʔ, *hlɯns |
| 瓻 | *l̥ʰɯl |
| 希 | *hlɯl |
| 晞 | *hlɯl |
| 莃 | *hlɯl |
| 鵗 | *hlɯl |
| 稀 | *hlɯl |
| 睎 | *hlɯl |
| 豨 | *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ |
| 悕 | *hlɯl |
| 俙 | *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ |
| 欷 | *hlɯl, *hlɯls |
| 浠 | *hlɯl |
| 唏 | *hlɯlʔ, *hlɯls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hlɯl) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 希 (OC *hlɯl, “rare; sparse”).

### Etymology

Note similarities to Burmese ရှား (hra:, “scarce; expensive”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hî
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hi$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xi$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$
*** Yale: hēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
*** Tâi-lô: hi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hi$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hi
*** Sinological IPA : /hi³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: xj+j
Rime :
| Character | 稀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 香衣切 |
| Baxter | xj+j |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /xiəi/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭəi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xe̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlɯl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 稀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13254 |
| Phonetic component | 希 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 希 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlɯl/ |

### Definitions

稀
* rare; uncommon; scarce
* sparse
* diluted; thin
* thin or watery thing
* very

#### Synonyms

* (dilute):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 清, 稀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 稀, 清 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 稀, 消 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 稀, 消 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 稀, 削 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 稀, 削 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鮮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 稀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 清 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 清 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 清 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 稀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 清, 稀 |
| Gan | Jianning | 清 |
| Gan | Taining | 清 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 稀 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 稀 |
| Hakka | Changting | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鮮 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鮮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 增 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 增 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 增 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Shunchang (Yangdun) | 增 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 增 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 增 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 增 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 漖, 清 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 淺 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 清, 淺, 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 稀 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 淺, 清 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 清 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 清 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 漖, 飲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 飲 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 漖 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 鬻 |
| Southern Min | Datian (Guangping) | 增 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 漖, 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 漖, 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𬓤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 浮 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 漖 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 漖 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 增 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 增 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 增 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 清 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 清 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 稀 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 薄 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 薄, 朗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 薄 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 清 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 清, 稀 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 清, 稀 |

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “thin”): 稠 (chóu)

### Compounds

* 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
* 不稀奇
* 不稀罕
* 久稀
* 人煙稀少 / 人烟稀少 (rényānxīshǎo)
* 人生七十古來稀 / 人生七十古来稀 (rénshēng qīshí gǔlái xī)
* 依稀 (yīxī)
* 古稀 (gǔxī)
* 合稀泥
* 和稀泥 (huò xīní)
* 地廣人稀 / 地广人稀 (dìguǎngrénxī)
* 地曠人稀 / 地旷人稀
* 地瘠人稀
* 年近古稀
* 年逾古稀
* 拉稀 (lāxī)
* 抹稀泥
* 暗綠稀紅 / 暗绿稀红
* 月明星稀 (yuèmíngxīngxī)
* 月朗星稀
* 物稀為貴 / 物稀为贵
* 稀不相干
* 稀世 (xīshì)
* 稀世珍寶 / 稀世珍宝 (xīshìzhēnbǎo)
* 稀亂 / 稀乱
* 稀代
* 稀僻
* 稀剌剌
* 稀土元素 (xītǔ yuánsù)
* 稀奇 (xīqí)
* 稀奇古怪 (xīqí gǔguài)
* 稀嫩
* 稀客 (xīkè)
* 稀密
* 稀少 (xīshǎo)
* 稀巴爛 / 稀巴烂 (xībālàn)
* 稀年
* 稀微 (hi-bî) (Min Nan)
* 稀微
* 稀扁
* 稀拉 (xīlā)
* 稀散
* 稀散元素
* 稀星
* 稀曠 / 稀旷
* 稀有 (xīyǒu)
* 稀有元素 (xīyǒu yuánsù)
* 稀有氣體 / 稀有气体 (xīyǒu qìtǐ)
* 稀有金屬 / 稀有金属
* 稀朗
* 稀本
* 稀泥 (xīní)
* 稀淡
* 稀湯寡水 / 稀汤寡水
* 稀滅 / 稀灭
* 稀溜溜 (xīliūliū)
* 稀濕 / 稀湿
* 稀爛 / 稀烂 (xīlàn)
* 稀珍
* 稀疏 (xīshū)
* 稀省
* 稀破
* 稀碎 (xīsuì)
* 稀稀 (xīxī)
* 稀稀拉拉 (xīxīlālā)
* 稀稀疏疏
* 稀稀落落 (xīxīluòluò)
* 稀稠
* 稀穊
* 稀空
* 稀簡 / 稀简
* 稀糊爛 / 稀糊烂
* 稀糜
* 稀糟
* 稀絕 / 稀绝
* 稀缺 (xīquē)
* 稀罕
* 稀落 (xīluò)
* 稀薄 (xībó)
* 稀行
* 稀覯 / 稀觏
* 稀詫 / 稀诧
* 稀豁
* 稀貨 / 稀货
* 稀軟 / 稀软
* 稀遷 / 稀迁
* 稀釋 / 稀释 (xīshì)
* 稀釋劑 / 稀释剂 (xīshìjì)
* 稀里光當
* 稀里呼嚕
* 稀里嘩啦
* 稀里打哄
* 稀里糊塗
* 稀里花拉
* 稀里馬虎
* 稀間 / 稀间
* 稀闊 / 稀阔
* 稀零 (xīlíng)
* 稀零零
* 稀飯 / 稀饭 (xīfàn)
* 稀鬆 / 稀松 (xīsōng)
* 稀鬆平常 / 稀松平常
* 稀齡 / 稀龄
* 糖稀 (tángxī)
* 綠暗紅稀 / 绿暗红稀
* 綠豆稀飯 / 绿豆稀饭
* 罕稀
* 趴稀
* 路斷人稀 / 路断人稀
* 路絕人稀 / 路绝人稀
* 躥稀 / 蹿稀 (cuānxī)
* 迷稀
* 音稀信杳
* 鴻稀鱗絕 / 鸿稀鳞绝

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: まれ (mare)、まばら (mabara)

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 稀 is mostly replaced by 希, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 稀
* き Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 稀 – see the following entry. :
| 【希き】4 | [affix] rare; scarce [affix] sparse; dilute Alternative spelling け |
(This term, 稀, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Compounds

* 依(い)稀(き) (iki): faint, dim, vague, unclear
* 稀(き)元(げん)素(そ) (kigenso)
* 稀(き)釈(しゃく) (kishaku)
* 稀(き)少(しょう) (kishō)
* 稀(き)代(だい) (kidai)
* 稀(き)薄(はく) (kihaku)
* 稀(き)硫(りゅう)酸(さん) (kiryūsan)
* 古(こ)稀(き) (koki)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 稀
* まれ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 希

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まれ [màré] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) まれ [màréꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ma̠ɾe̞]

#### Adjective

稀(まれ) • (mare) -na (adnominal 稀(まれ)な (mare na), adverbial 稀(まれ)に (mare ni))
* rare
    Synonyms: 希有 (keu), 珍しい (mezurashii)

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 稀だろ | まれだろ | mare daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 稀で | まれで | mare de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 稀だ | まれだ | mare da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 稀な | まれな | mare na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 稀なら | まれなら | mare nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 稀であれ | まれであれ | mare de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 稀ではない 稀じゃない | まれではない まれじゃない | mare de wa nai mare ja nai |
| Informal past | 稀だった | まれだった | mare datta |
| Informal negative past | 稀ではなかった 稀じゃなかった | まれではなかった まれじゃなかった | mare de wa nakatta mare ja nakatta |
| Formal | 稀です | まれです | mare desu |
| Formal negative | 稀ではありません 稀じゃありません | まれではありません まれじゃありません | mare de wa arimasen mare ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 稀でした | まれでした | mare deshita |
| Formal negative past | 稀ではありませんでした 稀じゃありませんでした | まれではありませんでした まれじゃありませんでした | mare de wa arimasen deshita mare ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 稀で | まれで | mare de |
| Conditional | 稀なら（ば） | まれなら（ば） | mare nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 稀だったら | まれだったら | mare dattara |
| Volitional | 稀だろう | まれだろう | mare darō |
| Adverbial | 稀に | まれに | mare ni |
| Degree | 稀さ | まれさ | maresa |

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

稀 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

稀: Hán Việt readings: hi (香(hương)依(y)切(thiết))
稀: Nôm readings: sè, si, sây, hì, sầy, hi, sề, hề, sì, sé
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* 1 2 3 4 Hồ (1976).