# 都

| 都 | U+90FD, &#37117; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90FD |
| ← 郼 [U+90FC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 郾 → [U+90FE] |
| 都 | U+FA26, &#64038; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA26 |
| ← 逸 [U+FA25] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 﨧 → [U+FA27] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

Note that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (the latter is a compatibility variant and contains an extra dot below 耂 in 者).

### Han character

都 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+8 in Chinese, 邑+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十日弓中 (JANL), four-corner 4762$_7$, composition ⿰者阝)

#### Derived characters

* 嘟, 𢵋, 𨗊, 𣛭, 𡳤, 𨅮, 𩼁, 𡳣, 𡼞, 𡳢, 𦺥, 𥳉, 𧹼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1274, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39497
* Dae Jaweon: page 1773, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3776, character 7
* Unihan data for U+90FD
* Unihan data for U+FA26

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 都 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taː): phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ) + semantic 邑 (“town, city”).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dū (du$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): u$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): du$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): du$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): du$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): dú
* Eastern Min (BUC): dŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): to͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dou$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tu / $^1$tou
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dū
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: du
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^1$
*** Yale: dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: du
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: du$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^1$
*** Yale: dōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: u$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /u³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tû
*** Hakka Romanization System: du$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dú
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to͘
*** Tâi-lô: too
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dof
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tou
*** Sinological IPA : /tou³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tu
*** MiniDict: tu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tu⁵³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tou
*** MiniDict: tou$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /təu⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /təu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: tu
Rime :
| Character | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 當孤切 |
| Baxter | tu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /to/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /to/ |
| Wang Li | /tu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tu › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁa/ |
| English | capital city |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16968 |
| Phonetic component | 者 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 都 |
| Old Chinese | /*taː/ |

#### Definitions

都
* metropolis; large city
    都市 ― dūshì ― metropolis; major city
* capital; capital city
    都城 ― dūchéng ― capital
* (literary) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
    From: Liu Xi (劉熈), quoted in 5th century, 《史記集解》Records of the Grand Historian - Collected Explanations by Pei Yin (裴駰)
    Dìwáng suǒdōu wèi zhōng, gù yuē zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
    Where emperors and kings make to be the capital is taken as the centre, hence the appellation the central region.
* (obsolete) graceful; elegant
* a surname, Du

##### Synonyms

* (metropolis):
* 大城市 (dà chéngshì)
* 大邦 (dàbāng) (Classical Chinese)
* 大都市 (dàdūshì)
* 大都會 / 大都会 (dàdūhuì)
* 都市 (dūshì)
* 都會 / 都会 (dūhuì)
* 都邑 (dūyì) (Classical Chinese)

#### Compounds

* 七都 (Qīdū)
* 上都 (Shàngdū)
* 下都
* 三都賦 / 三都赋
* 不賢都頭 / 不贤都头
* 中都 (zhōngdū)
* 京都 (jīngdū)
* 伐子都
* 兩都 / 两都
* 兩都賦 / 两都赋
* 八旗都統 / 八旗都统
* 八都
* 八都兒 / 八都儿
* 八都魯 / 八都鲁
* 加德滿都 / 加德满都 (Jiādémǎndū)
* 南都
* 古都 (gǔdū)
* 吁咈都俞
* 名都 (Míngdū)
* 吳都 / 吴都
* 嘓都嘓都 / 啯都啯都
* 嘴盧都 / 嘴卢都
* 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
* 大都
* 大都來 / 大都来
* 大都會 / 大都会 (dàdūhuì)
* 大都會區 / 大都会区
* 大都護 / 大都护
* 天都
* 奠都 (diàndū)
* 奧古斯都 / 奥古斯都 (Àogǔsīdū)
* 子都
* 宏都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
* 定都 (dìngdū)
* 宜都 (Yídū)
* 巴都兒 / 巴都儿
* 帝都 (dìdū)
* 幽都 (yōudū)
* 店都知
* 建都 (jiàndū)
* 成都平原 (Chéngdū Píngyuán)
* 成都賣卜 / 成都卖卜
* 打都磨子
* 把都兒 / 把都儿
* 拔都 (bádū)
* 拔都魯 / 拔都鲁
* 故都 (gùdū)
* 曾都 (Zēngdū)
* 東都 / 东都 (dōngdū)
* 松都 (Sōngdū)
* 棉都
* 水都 (shuǐdū)
* 海上都市
* 深都 (Shēndū)
* 清都
* 港都
* 滴修都速
* 滴羞都蘇 / 滴羞都苏
* 煤都
* 玄都
* 班都斯山
* 皇都
* 研京練都 / 研京练都
* 老都爺 / 老都爷
* 自治都市
* 興都斯坦 / 兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)
* 舊都 / 旧都 (jiùdū)
* 花都 (Huādū)
* 行都
* 衛星都市 / 卫星都市 (wèixīng dūshì)
* 西都 (xīdū)
* 西都賦 / 西都赋
* 谷都
* 通都大邑
* 遷都 / 迁都 (qiāndū)
* 還都 / 还都 (huándū)
* 郢都
* 郫都 (Pídū)
* 都中
* 都亭 (dūtíng)
* 都人士
* 都來 / 都来
* 都保
* 都俞吁咈
* 都嚕 / 都噜
* 都坑
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都大
* 都子
* 都寺
* 都市 (dūshì)
* 都市之肺
* 都市化 (dūshìhuà)
* 都市家具
* 都市病 (dūshìbìng)
* 都市計畫 / 都市计画
* 都府
* 都把勢 / 都把势
* 都抹
* 都料匠
* 都會 / 都会 (dūhuì)
* 都會區 / 都会区 (dūhuìqū)
* 都會文學 / 都会文学
* 都柏林 (Dūbólín)
* 都根主兒 / 都根主儿
* 都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
* 都督
* 都管
* 都纂
* 都試 / 都试
* 都講 / 都讲
* 都護 / 都护 (dūhù)
* 都轄 / 都辖
* 都邑 (dūyì)
* 都都摸摸
* 都都磨磨
* 都鄙
* 都鄙有章
* 都鎮灣 / 都镇湾 (Dūzhènwān)
* 都門 / 都门 (dūmén)
* 都雅
* 都頭 / 都头
* 都馬調 / 都马调
* 都鬼
* 酆都 (Fēngdū)
* 金都
* 鎳都 / 镍都 (Nièdū)
* 鐵都 / 铁都
* 關都尉 / 关都尉
* 陪都 (péidū)
* 雙核都市 / 双核都市
* 霸都魯 / 霸都鲁
* 首都 (shǒudū)
* 駙馬都尉 / 驸马都尉
* 骨都
* 骨都兒 / 骨都儿
* 骨都都
* 鴻都 / 鸿都 (Hóngdū)
* 麗都 / 丽都 (lìdū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 都(と) (to)
* → Korean: 도(都) (do)
* → Vietnamese: đô (都)

### Etymology 2

Colloquial form of 諸 (OC *tja, “all”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dōu, dū (dou$^1$, du$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡ, ㄉㄨ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ду (du, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou$^1$ / du$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): u$^1$ / du$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): du$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tu / tû / lû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): du$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): du$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): dú
* Eastern Min (BUC): dŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): to͘ / to
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dou$^1$ / do$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dou
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^1$
*** Yale: dōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dou
*** Palladius: доу (dou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dū
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: du
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^1$
*** Yale: dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: du
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dou$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
*** Sinological IPA : /təu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ду (du, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /tou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^1$ / du$^1$
*** Yale: dōu / dū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^1$ / du$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^1$ / du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯⁵⁵/, /tuː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: u$^1$ / du$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /u³³/, /tu⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tu
*** Hakka Romanization System: du
*** Hagfa Pinyim: du$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tu / tû / lû
*** Hakka Romanization System: du / du$^ˊ$ / lu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: du$^4$ / du$^1$ / lu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu⁵⁵/, /tu²⁴/, /lu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tu⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: du$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dú
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to͘
*** Tâi-lô: too
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
*** Tâi-lô: to
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doy
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dou$^1$ / do$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tou / to
*** Sinological IPA : /tou³³/, /to³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tu
*** MiniDict: tu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tu⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /təu̯³³/

#### Definitions

都
* all; both (used to indicate that the statement is true for every subject or object); or the entirety of something
    我都知道了。 ― Wǒ dōu zhīdào le. ― I know everything. [ambiguous; may also mean “Even I know”.]
       Tā bǐ rènhé rén dōu hǎo. [Pinyin]
       He is better than anyone else.
       Zhèlǐ de rén wǒ dōu rènshí. [Pinyin]
       I know everyone here.
       Xiànzài zài chāoshì shénme dōu mǎi de dào. [Pinyin]
       These days everything can be bought from a supermarket.
       Tā shénme diànyǐng dōu bù kàn. [Pinyin]
       He doesn't watch any movies.
       Wǒ zhēn xiànmù tā, zài nǎlǐ dōu néng shuìdezháo. [Pinyin]
       I really envy him; he can sleep wherever he is.
    大都 ― dàdōu ― generally
       ceoi$^1$ dou$^3$ sing$^4$ coeng$^4$ dou$^1$ hai$^6$ [Jyutping]
       blown by the wind until it has covered the entire wall
* (emphasis on subject) even
       Wǒ dōu bù zhīdào, nǐ shì zěnme zhīdào de? [Pinyin]
       How come you know it when even I don't know?
* (emphasis on object) even, interchangeable with 也 (yě)
       Wǒ shēnshàng yī fēn qián dōu méiyǒu. [Pinyin]
       I don't even have a single cent.
       Wǒ gěi tā dǎ le sì ge diànhuà, tā yīge dōu méi jiē. [Pinyin]
       I called her four times, but she answered none of them.
** (emphasis) Used in the 連……都…… structure; interchangeable with 也 (yě); even
       Tā lián chùsheng dōu bùrú, lián zìjǐ de fùmǔ dōu bù yǎnghuo. [Pinyin]
       He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents.
* (emphasis on verb, in the negative) at all
    睇都未睇過／睇都未睇过 [Cantonese] ― tai$^2$ dou$^1$ mei$^6$ tai$^2$ gwo$^3$ [Jyutping] ― have not seen a single second of it; have not seen it at all
* already
    都四點了。／都四点了。 ― Dōu sì diǎn le. ― It is already 4 o'clock.
    都這麼晚了嗎？／都这么晚了吗？ ― Dōu zhème wǎn le ma? ― Is it that late already?
* (Cantonese) as well; also; too
    我都好好。 [Cantonese] ― ngo$^5$ dou$^1$ hou$^2$ hou$^2$. [Jyutping] ― I'm fine too.
* (Cantonese) still; anyways; nevertheless

##### Usage notes

* When negating 都, the placement of 不 (bù) is important.
    不都: not all, not everyone.
    都不: none, no one

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 皆, 均, 俱 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 都, 全 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 都 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 都 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 都 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 都, 全 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 都 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 都, 下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 都, 下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 都 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 都, 全 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 都 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 都 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 都 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 都 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 都 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 都 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 都 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 都 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 都 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 都 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 都 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 都 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 都 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 都 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 攏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 都, 全 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 都 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 都 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 到了 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 攏, 攏總, 計 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 攏, 攏總 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 都 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 攏 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 都 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 儕, 禿 obsolete |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 儕 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 儕, 孩 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 儕 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 儕 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 儕 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 和 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 沃 |
| Wu | Lishui | 都 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 都 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 下, 都 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 下 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 亦 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 也 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 也 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 也 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 也 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 也 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 也 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 也 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 也 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 也 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 也 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 也 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 也 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 都, 亦 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 都, 亦, 亦都 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 都, 亦 formal |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 都, 也 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 亦 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 亦, 都, 亦都 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 也 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 都 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 都, 亦都 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 也 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 也 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 也 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 乜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 乜, 也 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 乜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 乜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 乜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 嘛 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 呠 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 也 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 也 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 也 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 也 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 也, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 也, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 也, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 也, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 呠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 也, 呠, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 也, 嘛, 閣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 也 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 也 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 也 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 呠, 也, 嘛 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 也 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 也 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 都 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 也 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 亦 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 也 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 也 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 也 |

#### Compounds

* 下都
* 上都 (Shàngdū)
* 三都賦 / 三都赋
* 不賢都頭 / 不贤都头
* 中都 (zhōngdū)
* 京都 (jīngdū)
* 伐子都
* 兩都 / 两都
* 兩都賦 / 两都赋
* 八旗都統 / 八旗都统
* 八都
* 八都兒 / 八都儿
* 八都魯 / 八都鲁
* 加德滿都 / 加德满都 (Jiādémǎndū)
* 南都
* 古都 (gǔdū)
* 吁咈都俞
* 名都 (Míngdū)
* 吳都 / 吴都
* 嘓都嘓都 / 啯都啯都
* 嘴盧都 / 嘴卢都
* 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
* 大都
* 大都來 / 大都来
* 大都會 / 大都会 (dàdūhuì)
* 大都會區 / 大都会区
* 大都護 / 大都护
* 天都
* 奠都 (diàndū)
* 奧古斯都 / 奥古斯都 (Àogǔsīdū)
* 子都
* 宏都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
* 定都 (dìngdū)
* 巴都兒 / 巴都儿
* 帝都 (dìdū)
* 幽都 (yōudū)
* 店都知
* 建都 (jiàndū)
* 成都平原 (Chéngdū Píngyuán)
* 成都賣卜 / 成都卖卜
* 打都磨子
* 把都兒 / 把都儿
* 拔都 (bádū)
* 拔都魯 / 拔都鲁
* 故都 (gùdū)
* 東都 / 东都 (dōngdū)
* 棉都
* 水都 (shuǐdū)
* 海上都市
* 清都
* 港都
* 滴修都速
* 滴羞都蘇 / 滴羞都苏
* 煤都
* 玄都
* 班都斯山
* 皇都
* 研京練都 / 研京练都
* 老都爺 / 老都爷
* 臉都綠了 / 脸都绿了
* 自治都市
* 興都斯坦 / 兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)
* 舊都 / 旧都 (jiùdū)
* 花都 (Huādū)
* 行都
* 衛星都市 / 卫星都市 (wèixīng dūshì)
* 西都 (xīdū)
* 西都賦 / 西都赋
* 谷都
* 通都大邑
* 遷都 / 迁都 (qiāndū)
* 還都 / 还都 (huándū)
* 郢都
* 都中
* 都人士
* 都來 / 都来
* 都保
* 都俞吁咈
* 都嚕 / 都噜
* 都坑
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都大
* 都子
* 都寺
* 都市 (dūshì)
* 都市之肺
* 都市化 (dūshìhuà)
* 都市家具
* 都市病 (dūshìbìng)
* 都市計畫 / 都市计画
* 都府
* 都把勢 / 都把势
* 都抹
* 都料匠
* 都會 / 都会 (dūhuì)
* 都會區 / 都会区 (dūhuìqū)
* 都會文學 / 都会文学
* 都柏林 (Dūbólín)
* 都根主兒 / 都根主儿
* 都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
* 都督
* 都管
* 都纂
* 都試 / 都试
* 都講 / 都讲
* 都護 / 都护 (dūhù)
* 都轄 / 都辖
* 都邑 (dūyì)
* 都都摸摸
* 都都磨磨
* 都鄙
* 都鄙有章
* 都門 / 都门 (dūmén)
* 都雅
* 都頭 / 都头
* 都馬調 / 都马调
* 都鬼
* 都齊 / 都齐
* 酆都 (Fēngdū)
* 金都
* 鐵都 / 铁都
* 關都尉 / 关都尉
* 陪都 (péidū)
* 雙核都市 / 双核都市
* 霸都魯 / 霸都鲁
* 首都 (shǒudū)
* 駙馬都尉 / 驸马都尉
* 骨都
* 骨都兒 / 骨都儿
* 骨都都
* 鴻都 / 鸿都 (Hóngdū)
* 麗都 / 丽都 (lìdū)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 都 – see 嘟 (“to pout; to pucker up; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 嘟).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 都 |
| Kyūjitai | 都 &#xFA26; or 都+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 都󠄀 都+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 都󠄃 都+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)

#### Readings

* Go-on: つ (tsu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
* Kun: みやこ (miyako, 都, Jōyō)、いち (ichi, 都)、あつまる (atsumaru, 都まる)、あつめる (atsumeru, 都める)、すべて (subete, 都て)、すべる (suberu, 都べる)
* Nanori: いち (ichi)、くに (kuni)、さと (sato)、ひろ (hiro)、みやこ (miyako)

#### Compounds

* 都(ど)都(ど)一(いつ), 都(ど)都(ど)逸(いつ) (dodoitsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 都
* みやこ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 都 (kyūjitai) 京 京都
⟨mi$_1$yako$_1$⟩ → */mʲijakʷo/ → /mijako/
From Old Japanese, a compound of 宮(みや) (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処(こ) (ko, “place”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みやこ [mìyákó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲija̠ko̞]

#### Noun

都(みやこ) • (miyako)
* (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor
* (by extension) a capital city
* (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified)
* (shogi, colloquial) Short for 都詰め (miyakozume): moving the 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together

##### Derived terms

* 都(みやこ)遊(あそ)び (miyakoasobi)
* 都(みやこ)出(い)で (miyakoide)
* 都(みやこ)入(い)り (miyakoiri)
* 都(みやこ)移(うつ)し, 都(みやこ)遷(うつ)し (miyakōtsushi)
* 都(みやこ)移(うつ)り, 都(みやこ)遷(うつ)り (miyakōtsuri)
* 都(みやこ)瓜(うり) (miyakōri)
* 都(みやこ)落(お)ち (miyakōchi)
* 都(みやこ)顔(がお) (miyakogao)
* 都(みやこ)形(がた) (miyako-gata)
* 都(みやこ)見(けん)物(ぶつ) (miyako kenbutsu)
* 都(みやこ)草(ぐさ) (miyakogusa)
* 都(みやこ)女(じょ)郎(ろう) (miyako jorō)
* 都(みやこ)上(じょう)臈(ろう) (miyako jōrō)
* 都(みやこ)育(そだ)ち (miyakosodachi)
* 都(みやこ)染(ぞ)め (miyakozome)
* 都(みやこ)詰(づ)め (miyakozume)
* 都(みやこ)道(どう)者(しゃ) (miyako dōsha)
* 都(ミヤコ)鳥(ドリ) (miyakodori)
* 都(みやこ)上(のぼ)り (miyakonobori)
* 都(みやこ)柱(ばしら) (miyakobashira)
* 都(みやこ)人(びと) (miyakobito)
* 都(みやこ)びる (miyakobiru)
* 海(うみ)の都(みやこ) (umi no miyako)
* 梅(うめ)の都(みやこ) (ume no miyako)
* 桂(かつら)の都(みやこ) (katsura no miyako)
* 国(くに)つ都(みやこ) (kuni tsu miyako)
* 雲(くも)の都(みやこ) (kumo no miyako)
* 志賀(しが)の都(みやこ) (Shiga no miyako)
* 寂(じゃっ)光(こう)の都(みやこ) (jakkō no miyako)
* 多気(たけ)の都(みやこ) (Take no miyako)
* 龍(たつ)の都(みやこ) (tatsu no miyako)
* 玉(たま)の都(みやこ) (tama no miyako)
* 月(つき)の都(みやこ) (tsuki no miyako)
* 奈(な)良(ら)の都(みやこ) (Nara no miyako)
* 花(はな)の都(みやこ) (hana no miyako)
* 鄙(ひな)の都(みやこ) (hina no miyako)

##### Proverbs

* 住(す)めば都(みやこ) (sumeba miyako)

##### Descendants

* → English: Meaco (“Kyōto”)
* → Latin: Meacum (“Kyōto”)

#### Proper noun

都(みやこ) • (Miyako)
* a placename
* a surname
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 都
* と Grade: 3
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 都 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) と [tò] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞]

#### Noun

都(と) • (to)
* a capital city
* a city, metropolis
* Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Tokyo

##### Derived terms

* 都(と)営(えい) (toei)
* 都(と)政(せい) (tosei)
* 都(と)庁(ちょう) (Tochō)
* 都(と)道(どう)府(ふ)県(けん) (todōfuken)
* 都(と)民(みん) (tomin)
* 都(と)立(りつ) (toritsu)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to)

#### Affix

都(と) • (to)
* city, metropolis
* capital city
* elegant, graceful, refined
* gather, command

#### Counter

都(と) • (-to)
* counter for metropolis prefectures

#### Usage notes

* Since 東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to) is the only prefecture with 都(と) (-to), the counter only appears as 一(いっ)都(と) (itto). It combines with the other prefecture counters 県(けん) (-ken), 道(どう) (-dō) and 府(ふ) (-fu) to count prefectures of mixed types.

#### Derived terms

* 都(と)雅(が) (toga)
* 都(と)会(かい) (tokai)
* 都(と)議(ぎ) (togi)
* 都(と)銀(ぎん) (togin)
* 都(と)市(し) (toshi)
* 都(と)心(しん) (toshin)
* 都(と)人(じん) (tojin)
* 都(と)政(せい) (tosei)
* 都(と)電(でん) (toden)
* 都(と)統(とう) (totō)
* 都(と)督(とく) (totoku)
* 旧(きゅう)都(と) (kyūto)
* 京(きょう)都(と) (Kyōto)
* 古(こ)都(と) (koto)
* 首(しゅ)都(と) (shuto)
* 新(しん)都(と) (shinto)
* 遷(せん)都(と) (sento)
* 全(ぜん)都(と) (zento)
* 帝(てい)都(と) (teito)
* 奠(てん)都(と) (tento)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 都
* つ Grade: 3
* goon
* Alternative spelling
* 都 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 都 (MC tu).

#### Affix

都(つ) • (tsu)
* all, both, everyone, whole

##### Derived terms

* 都(つ)合(ごう) (tsugō)
* 都(つ)度(ど) (tsudo)

### References

* ↑ “都”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

都 (eumhun 도읍 도 (do'eup do))
* hanja form of 도 (“capital city”)
* hanja form of 도 (“all, the whole”)
* hanja form of 도 (“elegant, refined”)

#### Compounds

* 도시 (都市, dosi, “city”)
* 수도 (首都, sudo, “capital”)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 都)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ち (chi)、とぅ (tu)

#### Compounds

* 都(ち)合(ごー) (chigō)
* 京(ちょー)都(とぅ) (Chōtu)

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 京, 京都

### Etymology

Originally a compound of 宮 (mi$_1$ya, “palace”) and an uncertain こ (ko$_1$) referring to a place.
* The ko is possibly 処 (ko$_2$, affix indicating location), according to most dictionaries. However, poems in the Man'yōshū attest overwhelming phonetic usage of ⟨ko$_1$⟩ instead of ⟨ko$_2$⟩. There has likely been a vowel assimilation; it accounts for a form of this affix く (ku, place) (e.g. いづく (iduku, “where”)) (Can this etymology be sourced?).
* Alternatively, the ko might be from 子 (-ko$_1$, diminutive suffix), as some Man'yōshū poems use the 宮子 reading.

### Noun

都 (mi$_1$yako$_1$) (kana みやこ)
* the place of residence of the emperor, especially a temporary lodging in which the emperor stays during an imperial visit
* (by extension) a capital city

#### Derived terms

* 奈良の都 (Nara no$_2$ mi$_1$yako$_1$)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 都 (miyako)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

都: Hán Nôm readings: đô
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.