# σβέννυμι
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σβεννύω (sbennúō)
* κατα-σβῶσαι (kata-sbôsai)

### Etymology

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes- (“extinguish, quell”). Cognates in this case include Sanskrit जासयति (jāsayati, “to exhaust”), Lithuanian gesti (“to extinguish, to go out”), Irish bás (“death”) and Old Church Slavonic оугасити (ugasiti, “to extinguish”).
However, Beekes argues that judging by the Hittite 𒆠𒅖𒋫𒊑 (kištāri, “to be extinguished, perish”), as well as by the aberrant σ- in the anlaut and the uncommonness of -σβ- in Greek inherited lexicon, the PIE root should be *ges-, and stem σβέσ- should be separated.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zbén.nyː.mi/ → /ˈzβen.ny.mi/ → /ˈzve.ni.mi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /zbén.nyː.mi/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈzben.ny.mi/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈzβen.ny.mi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈzven.ny.mi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈzve.ni.mi/

### Verb

σβέννῡμῐ • (sbénnūmĭ)
* (transitive) to quench, extinguish, put out
** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.668
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.66
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.6
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.77
** to dry up
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 522b.25
** to quench, quell, check
*** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.1349
*** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 778
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 347b.4
*** 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.87
*** 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 40
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Regimen in Acute Diseases 54
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.678
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.621
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 783b
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 888a
*** AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 6.4.10
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lycurgus 20
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1057
* (passive voice, intransitive) to be quenched, to go out
** 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, 3 121c
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.471
** to dry up
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 587b.28
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 590
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.49d
*** Palatine Anthology 9.128
** to be quelled, lulled
*** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Letter to Pompey 4
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.182
*** 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 21.1
*** 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1.33
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pompey 8
*** 200 CE – 400 CE, Tryphiodorus, The Taking of Ilios 10
*** Palatine Anthology 7.221

#### Derived terms

* ἀνᾰσβέννῡμῐ (anăsbénnūmĭ)
* ἀποσβέννῡμῐ (aposbénnūmĭ)
* ἄσβεστος (ásbestos)
* ἐκσβέννῡμῐ (eksbénnūmĭ)
* ἐνσβέννῠμαι (ensbénnŭmai)
* ἐπῐσβέννῠμαι (epĭsbénnŭmai)
* εὔσβεστος (eúsbestos)
* κᾰτᾰσβέννῡμῐ (kătăsbénnūmĭ)
* κατασβέννῡμῐ (katasbénnūmĭ)
* περισβέννῡμῐ (perisbénnūmĭ)
* συσβέννῡμῐ (susbénnūmĭ)

#### Related terms

* σβέσῐς (sbésĭs)
* σβεστήρ (sbestḗr)
* σβεστήρῐος (sbestḗrĭos)
* σβεστῐκός (sbestĭkós)
* σβεστός (sbestós)

### References

* 1 2 3 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

### Further reading

* “σβέννυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* σβέννυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* σβέννυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4570 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible