# चतुरङ्ग
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* চতুৰঙ্গ (Assamese script)
* ᬘᬢᬸᬭᬗ᭄ᬕ (Balinese script)
* চতুরঙ্গ (Bengali script)
* 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰒𑰿𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀗𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
* စတုရင်္ဂ (Burmese script)
* ચતુરઙ્ગ (Gujarati script)
* ਚਤੁਰਙ੍ਗ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑌙𑍍𑌗 (Grantha script)
* ꦕꦠꦸꦫꦔ꧀ꦒ (Javanese script)
* 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂑𑂹𑂏 (Kaithi script)
* ಚತುರಙ್ಗ (Kannada script)
* ចតុរង្គ (Khmer script)
* ຈຕຸຣງ຺ຄ (Lao script)
* ചതുരങ്ഗ (Malayalam script)
* ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᠠᢛᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘒𑘿𑘐 (Modi script)
* ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠠᢊᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑦲𑧠𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑐒𑑂𑐐 (Newa script)
* ଚତୁରଙ୍ଗ (Odia script)
* ꢗꢡꢸꢬꢖ꣄ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑆕𑇀𑆓 (Sharada script)
* 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖒𑖿𑖐 (Siddham script)
* චතුරඞ‍්ග (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼𑩠 𑪙𑩞 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚎𑚶𑚌 (Takri script)
* சதுரங்க³ (Tamil script)
* చతురఙ్గ (Telugu script)
* จตุรงฺค (Thai script)
* ཙ་ཏུ་ར་ངྒ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑒓𑓂𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑨏𑩇𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) +‎ अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, member”)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /t͡ɕɐ.tu.ɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uˈɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/

### Adjective

चतुरङ्ग • (caturaṅga) stem
* having 4 limbs
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.92.11:ते हि द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी भूरि॑रेतसा॒ नरा॒शंस॒श्चतु॑रङ्गो य॒मोऽदि॑तिः। दे॒वस्त्वष्टा॑ द्रविणो॒दा ऋ॑भु॒क्षणः॒ प्र रो॑द॒सी म॒रुतो॒ विष्णु॑रर्हिरे॥té hí dyā́vāpṛthivī́ bhū́riretasā nárāśáṃsaścáturaṅgo yamóʼditiḥ. devástváṣṭā draviṇodā́ ṛbhukṣáṇaḥ prá rodasī́ marúto víṣṇurarhire.They the heaven and earth, abounding with waters, the Narāśaṃsa rite with its four limbs, Yama, Aditi, the divine Tvaṣṭā, (Agni) the giver of wealth, the Ṛbhus, Rodasī, the Maruts, and Viṣṇu are worshipped by us.
* (with बल (bala, “an army”)) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (MBh. III, 790, R. II, 51, 7)

#### Declension
### Noun

चतुरङ्ग • (caturaṅga) stem, m
* Cucumis utilissimus
* name of a son of रोमपाद (romapāda) or लोमपाद (lomapāda) (Hariv. 1697 f., BhP. IX, 23, 10)
* (scil. बल (bala)) = चतुरङ्गबल (cátur-aṅga-bala) (AV., Pariś. ??, MBh. IX, 446)
* (chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)

#### Descendants

* → Kannada: ಚದುರಂಗ (caduraṅga)
* → Malayalam: ചതുരംഗം (caturaṅgaṁ)
* → Malay: catur
** Indonesian: catur
** → Maguindanao: satol
** → Maranao: sator
** → Tagalog: satol
** → Tausug: sattul
* → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭠𐭲‎𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (ctlng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
** Persian: شترنگ (šatrang)
*** → Arabic: شطرنج (šaṭranj) (see there for further descendants)
*** → Mongolian: шатар (šatar)
** → Georgian: ჭადრაკი (č̣adraḳi)
** → Koine Greek: ζατρίκιον (zatríkion)
*** → Greek: ζατρίκιο (zatríkio)
** → Middle Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak), ճարտրակ (čartrak), ճատրկուց (čatrkucʻ), ճատրկոց (čatrkocʻ)
*** → Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak) (learned)
* Pali: caturaṅga
** → Burmese: စစ်တုရင် (cactu.rang)
** → Khmer: ចត្រង្គ (caʼtrɑng)
* → Tamil: சதுரங்கம் (caturaṅkam)
* → Telugu: చతురంగము (caturaṅgamu)

### References

* Jacobi, Hermann (1896) “Ueber zwei ältere Erwähnungen des Schachspiels in der Sanskrit-Litteratur”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, pages 227–233
* Monier Williams (1899) “चतुरङ्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0384.