# 肝腦塗地
## Chinese

| | | liver and brain; one's body or life | to smear; daub | earth; ground; fieldearth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly |
| trad. (肝腦塗地) | trad. (肝腦塗地) | 肝腦 | 塗 | 地 |
| simp. (肝脑涂地) | simp. (肝脑涂地) | 肝脑 | 涂 | 地 |
| Literally: “liver and brains smear the ground”. |||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānnǎotúdì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄋㄠˇ ㄊㄨˊ ㄉㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gon$^1$ nou$^5$ tou$^4$ dei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānnǎotúdì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄋㄠˇ ㄊㄨˊ ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gannǎotúdì
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-nao$^3$-tʻu$^2$-ti$^4$
*** Yale: gān-nǎu-tú-dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gannaotwudih
*** Palladius: ганьнаотуди (ganʹnaotudi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵ ti⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gon$^1$ nou$^5$ tou$^4$ dei$^6$
*** Yale: gōn nóuh tòuh deih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gon$^1$ nou$^5$ tou$^4$ dei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gon$^1$ nou$^5$ tou$^4$ déi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːn⁵⁵ nou̯¹³ tʰou̯²¹ tei̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: kan nawX du dijH
Rime :
| Character | 肝 | 腦 | 塗 | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 泥 (8) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 豪 (89) | 模 (23) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古寒切 | 奴晧切 | 同都切 | 徒四切 |
| Baxter | kan | nawX | du | dijH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /duo/ | /diɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /duo/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /do/ | /djɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kan/ | /naw$^X$/ | /dɔ/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /do/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /du/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑn/ | /nɑu$^X$/ | /dʱuo/ | /dʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gān | nǎo | tú | dì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gon$^1$ | nou$^5$ | tou$^4$ | dei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.kˤa[r] nˤ[u]ʔ lˤa [l]ˤej-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn nuːʔ l'aː l'els/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 肝 | 腦 | 塗 | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gān | nǎo | tú | dì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kan › | ‹ naw$^X$ › | ‹ du › | ‹ dij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.kˁa[r]/ | /*nˁ[u]ʔ/ | /*lˁa/ | /*[l]ˁej-s/ |
| English | liver | brain | to plaster | earth, ground |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肝 | 腦 | 塗 | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3568 | 9370 | 15774 | 14808 |
| Phonetic component | 干 | 匘 | 余 | 也 |
| Rime group | 元 | 幽 | 魚 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 干 | 堖 | 徒 | 地 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːn/ | /*nuːʔ/ | /*l'aː/ | /*l'els/ |
| Notes | | 見左傳，說文作匘 | | |

### Idiom

肝腦塗地
* to die a terrible death
* to offer one's life sacrificially in loyalty
    From: c. 77 B.C.E., 劉向 (Liu Xiang), 《說苑》 (Garden of Stories), chapter 6
    Chén dāng sǐ, wǎngzhě zuì shīlǐ, wáng yǐnrěn bù jiā zhū yě; chén zhōng bùgǎn yǐ yìnbì zhī dé ér bùxiǎn bào wáng yě, cháng yuàn gānnǎotúdì, yòng jǐng xuè jiān dí jiǔ yǐ, chén nǎi yè juéyīng zhě. [Pinyin]
    I should have been put to death. A few years ago, I got drunk and forgot my manners. Your Majesty showed restraint and did not put me to death. I would never dare not overtly repay Your Majesty's covert kindness. I would rather put my life on the line and drown the enemy in my own blood, for I am the one whose headpiece cord was yanked off on that night.
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Wǔ yuē: “Wǔ fùzǐ wú gōngdé, jiē wéi bìxià suǒ chéngjiù, wèiliè jiàng, jué tōng hóu, xiōngdì qīnjìn, cháng yuàn gānnǎotúdì. [Pinyin]
    “My father, my brothers, and I were without merit or virtue—all we had was bestowed upon us by the emperor. We were placed among the ranks of generals, enfeoffed as marquises, and my brothers permitted to wait upon the emperor in person. Our constant desire was to serve, though it meant spilling our very liver and brains upon the ground!” Su Wu replied.