# lustro
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French lustre, Russian люстра (ljustra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlustro]
* Rhymes: -ustro
* Hyphenation: lus‧tro

### Noun

lustro (accusative singular lustron, plural lustroj, accusative plural lustrojn)
* chandelier

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.stro/
* Rhymes: -ustro
* Hyphenation: lù‧stro

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

lustro
* first-person singular present indicative of lustrare

### Etymology 2

Deverbal from lustrare.

#### Adjective

lustro (feminine lustra, masculine plural lustri, feminine plural lustre)
* shiny
* glossy

#### Noun

lustro m (plural lustri)
* shine, gloss
* prestige

#### Descendants

* → Middle French: lustre
** → Middle English: lustre
** French: lustre
*** → German: Lüster
*** → Persian: لوستر (lustr)
*** Polish: lustro n
*** Russian: лю́стра f (ljústra)
* → Ottoman Turkish: لوسترو (lustro, lostro), لوستره (lostra)
** Turkish: lostra
** → Armenian: լուստռա (lustṙa)
* → Polish: lustro

### Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin lūstrum.

#### Noun

lustro m (plural lustri)
* five-year period; lustrum
    Synonym: quinquennio

##### Related terms

* trilustre

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From lūstrum (“a purificatory sacrifice”) +‎ -ō.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈluːs.troː/, [ˈɫ̪uːs̠t̪roː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlus.tro/, [ˈlust̪ro]

#### Verb

lūstrō (present infinitive lūstrāre, perfect active lūstrāvī, supine lūstrātum); first conjugation
* to purify by means of a propitiatory sacrifice
    Synonym: perlūstrō
* (figuratively) to circle, move in a circle around. (because the priest offering such sacrifice did so)
** 9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 111–112:Exul inops errēs aliēnaque līmina lūstrēs, exiguumque petās ōre tremente cibum.May you wander as a poor exile and go round others' thresholds, and ask with a trembling mouth for a bit of food.
* to wander over, traverse, roam
    Synonyms: errō, pervagor, peragrō, vagor, discurrō, pererrō, perlūstrō, pālor
* (military) to review, examine
* to review, survey, observe, examine, reconnoiter, search, track, trace
    Synonyms: aspiciō, perlūstrō, recēnseō, circumspiciō, cōnspiciō, obeō, īnspiciō, arbitror, cōnsīderō, spectō, reputō, exsequor
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.564:“Respiciō et quae sit mē circum cōpia lūstrō.”“I look back and survey what force is there around me.”
* to illuminate, make bright. (circling celestial bodies: sun, moon etc.)
    Synonyms: clārō, incendō

##### Derived terms

* illūstrō
* lūstrāmen
* lūstrāmentum
* lūstrātiō
* lūstrātor
* lūstricus
* lūstrificus

##### Descendants

* English: lustre
* French: lustrer
* Italian: lustrare
* Lombard: lustrà
* Piedmontese: lustré
* Spanish: lustrar

### Etymology 2

In sense 1, from lustra (“brothel, place of debauchery”) +‎ -ō (noun-forming suffix) (compare lustror (“to frequent brothels”)). Sense 2 is possibly a reinterpretation based on the alternative sense of lustra (“wilds, woods, forest”) or influenced by the etymologically unrelated verb lūstrō (“wander over, traverse, roam”) (see above).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlus.troː/, [ˈɫ̪ʊs̠t̪roː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlus.tro/, [ˈlust̪ro]

#### Noun

lustrō m (genitive lustrōnis); third declension (uncommon)
* frequenter of brothels/places of ill repute
** c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Com 118:Pessimorum pessime, audax, ganeo lustro aleo!2017 translation by Amy RichlinWorst of the worst, bold, glutton, barfly, gambler
** c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Com 120:Vagus est et lustro
* vagabond, wanderer, roamer
** c. 1150 – 1180, Thesaurus novus Latinitatis 313, (first published by Angelo Mai in Auctores Classici Vol. 8; authorship now attributed to Osbernus of Gloucester):hic lustro, nis ·i· ille qui vagus est et nihil agit nisi fora lustrat, unde Naevius de quodam: vagus, inquit, est et lustro
** c. 1150 – 1180, Osbern of Gloucester, Derivationes 193:Errabundus, erratilis, vagus, lustrones, qui vagi sunt et instabiles

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

### References

* 1 2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lutum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
* ↑ lustro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* 1 2 3 Ribbeck, Otto, editor (1898), Scaenicae Romanorum poesis fragmenta, volume 2 Comicorum fragmenta, Leipzig, page 31
* ↑ Amy Richlin (2017) Slave Theater in the Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy, page 165
* ↑ “lustro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Classicorum auctorum e vaticanis codicibus editorum tomus 1.10. ... curante Angelo Maio Vaticanae Bibliothecae Praefecto Tomus 8, 1836, page 193
* ↑ R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “lustro”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “lustro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lustro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lustro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to scrutinise, examine closely: perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid to review an army: recensere, lustrare, recognoscere exercitum (Liv. 42. 31)

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian lustro. Doublet of lustr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlus.trɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ustrɔ
* Syllabification: lus‧tro

### Noun

lustro n (diminutive lusterko, related adjective lustrzany or lustrowy)
* (countable) mirror, looking-glass (smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it)
    Synonyms: tafla, zwierciadło
* (uncountable) smooth and shiny water surface
    Synonyms: tafla, zwierciadło
* (countable, hunting) light stain on the backside of deer, fallow deer, and roes
* (countable, hunting) spot on the wingtips of capercaillies and black grouse, and on the flight feathers of wild ducks

#### Derived terms

* lustrzanka
* lustrzyć impf

#### Related terms

* lustereczko

### Further reading

* lustro in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lustro in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* lustro in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈlus.tɾu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈlus.tɾu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈluʃ.tɾu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈlus.tɾo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈluʃ.tɾu/
* Hyphenation: lus‧tro

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lūstrum, denoting a lavatory sacrifice after a quinquennial census, possibly cognate to luō (“to wash, to cleanse”).

#### Noun

lustro m (plural lustros)
* lustrum; five-year period
    Synonym: quinquênio

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

lustro
* first-person singular present indicative of lustrar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlustɾo/ [ˈlus.t̪ɾo]
* Rhymes: -ustɾo
* Syllabification: lus‧tro

### Etymology 1

From Latin lustrum, denoting a lavatory sacrifice after a quinquennial census, possibly cognate to luō (“to wash, cleanse”).

#### Noun

lustro m (plural lustros)
* lustrum; five-year period
    Synonym: quinquenio

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

lustro
* first-person singular present indicative of lustrar

### Further reading

* “lustro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10