# 以為
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐwéi
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^5$ wai$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^1$ vi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): í-ûi / í-ūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): in$^2$ ui$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐwéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐwéi
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$-wei$^2$
*** Yale: yǐ-wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiwei
*** Palladius: ивэй (ivɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^5$ wai$^4$
*** Yale: yíh wàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^5$ wai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^5$ wei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː¹³ wɐi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^1$ vi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋi¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ûi
*** Tâi-lô: í-uî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: yuii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ui²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ūi
*** Tâi-lô: í-uī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: yui
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ui³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: in$^2$ ui$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ ûi
*** Sinological IPA : /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ ui⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: yiX hjwe
Rime :
| Character | 以 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 羊己切 | 薳支切 |
| Baxter | yiX | hjwe |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ɦˠiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ie$^X$/ | /ɣiuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ɦjwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /iə$^X$/ | /ɣjue/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭə$^X$/ | /ɣǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i$^X$/ | /wie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǐ | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ | wai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləʔ ɢʷ(r)aj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ ɢʷal/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 以 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǐ | wéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yi$^X$ › | ‹ hjwe › |
| Old Chinese | /*ləʔ/ | /*ɢʷ(r)aj/ |
| English | take, use | make, do, act as |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 以 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 14929 | |
| Phonetic component | 以 | 爲 |
| Rime group | 之 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 以 | 爲 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯʔ/ | /*ɢʷal/ |
| Notes | | 俗爲字 |

### Verb

以為
* to mistakenly believe; to be under the impression; to have thought that; to assume
       Wǒ yǐwéi nǐ bùhuì zǒu. [Pinyin]
       I thought you wouldn't leave.
       Yīge yúmèi de rén zǒng yǐwéi zìjǐ shì duì de. [Pinyin]
       Ignorant people always believe they are right.
       Nǐ bùyào yǐwéi wǒ zhēn bùgǎn shā nǐ, nǐ bùyào jī wǒ. [Pinyin]
       Don't assume I'd hesitate to kill you — don't test me.
       ngo$^5$ zung$^6$ ji$^5$ wai$^4$ hai$^6$ mat$^1$ je$^5$ san$^1$ gei$^6$ seot$^6$ tim$^1$, jyun$^4$ loi$^4$ hai$^6$ sap$^6$ nin$^4$ cin$^4$ ge$^3$ je$^5$. [Jyutping]
       I seriously was wondering what on earth this is, maybe some new technology, but no, it's just something from 10 years ago.
* (formal or literary) to believe; to regard
    竊以為／窃以为 ― qiè yǐwéi ― in my humble opinion
    From: c. 1700, 任埅 (Im Bang), 《天倪錄》
    Su yu jesa, sindo bul iwi jung, dok i sinsa wi jung. Yak bi sinsa, hollyeong andeuk il po ho? [Sino-Korean]
    Although there are [Confucian] sacrifices, the spirits do not regard this as important; they only consider the divine rituals of shamans to be important. If there were no shamanic rituals, how could the spirits ever satisfy their appetites?
    From: 1930, 王雲五 (Wang Yun-wu), 《〈王雲五大辭典〉序》 (Preface to the Wang Yun-wu Da Cidian)
    Wǒ yǐwéi yī bù lǐxiǎng de cídiǎn yīnggāi jùbèi xiàliè sān tiáojiàn: [Pinyin]
    I think that an ideal dictionary should meet the following three requirements:
* (literary) to serve as
    From: 1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Wǒmen bìxū zhúbù de jiànshè yī pī guīmó dà de xiàndàihuà de qǐyè yǐwéi gǔgàn, méiyǒu zhège gǔgàn jiù bùnéng shǐ wǒguó zài jǐshí nián nèi biànwéi xiàndàihuà de gōngyè qiángguó. [Pinyin]
    We must build up a number of large-scale modern enterprises step by step to form the mainstay of our industry, without which we shall not be able to turn China into a powerful modern industrial country within the coming decades.

#### Synonyms

* (to mistakenly believe): 當是／当是 (dāngshì), (Hakka) 恅著／恅着, (Hokkien) 掠準／掠准 (lia̍h-chún), (Hokkien) 叫是, (Northern Wu) 當仔／当仔, (Northern Wu) 道是, (Northern Wu) 殼張／壳张
* (to believe):
* 丕叫是 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 丕講是 / 丕讲是 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 想 (xiǎng)
* 感覺 / 感觉 (gǎnjué)
* 想說 / 想说 (Hokkien)
* 想講 / 想讲 (Hokkien)
* 打量 (informal)
* 掠做 (Hokkien)
* 掠準 / 掠准 (Hokkien)
* 覺得 / 觉得
* 覺著 / 觉着 (juézhe) (colloquial)
* 試到 / 试到 (Hakka)
* 試著 / 试著 (Hakka)
* 認代 / 认代 (Hokkien)
* 認為 / 认为 (rènwéi)
* (to serve as): 用為／用为, 用作 (yòngzuò)

#### Derived terms

* 強不知以為知 / 强不知以为知 (qiǎng bùzhī yǐwéi zhī)
* 滿以為 / 满以为 (mǎnyǐwéi)
* 自以為是 / 自以为是 (zìyǐwéishì)