# καθαρός
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κοθᾰρός (kothărós) — Doric
* κόθᾰρος (kóthăros) — Aeolic

### Etymology

No suitable Indo-European cognates can be drawn; the traditional connection to Sanskrit शिथिर (śithira, “loose, relaxed”) requires too many ad hoc assumptions, both phonetic and semantic. This, along with α/ο variation, implies a borrowing from Pre-Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.tʰa.rós/ → /ka.θaˈros/ → /ka.θaˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.tʰa.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ka.tʰaˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ka.θaˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ka.θaˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ka.θaˈros/

### Adjective

κᾰθᾰρός • (kăthărós) m (feminine κᾰθᾰρᾱ́, neuter κᾰθᾰρόν); first/second declension
* clean, clear, pure

#### Derived terms

* κᾰθαίρω (kăthaírō)
* κᾰθᾰρεύω (kăthăreúō)
* κᾰθᾰρῐ́ζω (kăthărĭ́zō)

#### Descendants

* Greek: καθαρός (katharós)
* Mariupol Greek: катъаро́ (kaθaró)
    Non-Hellenic Descendants
* Danish: kætter
* Dutch: ketter
* English: Cathar
* French: cathare
* German: Ketzer
* Latin: Catharus (Catharī, m.pl.)
* German Low German: Ketter
* Norwegian Bokmål: kjetter
* Norwegian Nynorsk: kjettar
* Swedish: kättare

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καθαρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 614-5

### Further reading

* “καθαρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “καθαρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “καθαρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* καθαρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* καθαρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “καθαρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2513 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. chaste idem, page 127.clean idem, page 136.clear idem, page 136.guiltless idem, page 379.immaculate idem, page 417.innocent idem, page 442.limpid idem, page 492.open idem, page 574.pellucid idem, page 602.pure idem, page 658.refined idem, page 684.sinless idem, page 779.spotless idem, page 804.stainless idem, page 809.sweet idem, page 848.unashamed idem, page 907.unblemished idem, page 908.uncontaminated idem, page 911.undefiled idem, page 912.unprofaned idem, page 928.unsoiled idem, page 932.unspoiled idem, page 932.unspotted idem, page 932.unstained idem, page 933.unsullied idem, page 933.untainted idem, page 934.virtuous idem, page 954.
* “καθαρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.θaˈɾos/

### Adjective

καθαρός • (katharós) m (feminine καθαρή, neuter καθαρό)
* clean, clear
* pure, undefiled
    Synonym: αρρύπαντος (arrýpantos)
* (Judaism) kosher
* (music) perfect (as in perfect fourth)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο καθαρός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο καθαρός, etc.)
comparative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
καθαρότερος (katharóteros)
καθαρότερη (katharóteri)
καθαρότερο (katharótero)
καθαρότεροι (katharóteroi)
καθαρότερες (katharóteres)
καθαρότερα (katharótera)
genitive
καθαρότερου (katharóterou)
καθαρότερης (katharóteris)
καθαρότερου (katharóterou)
καθαρότερων (katharóteron)
καθαρότερων (katharóteron)
καθαρότερων (katharóteron)
accusative
καθαρότερο (katharótero)
καθαρότερη (katharóteri)
καθαρότερο (katharótero)
καθαρότερους (katharóterous)
καθαρότερες (katharóteres)
καθαρότερα (katharótera)
vocative
καθαρότερε (katharótere)
καθαρότερη (katharóteri)
καθαρότερο (katharótero)
καθαρότεροι (katharóteroi)
καθαρότερες (katharóteres)
καθαρότερα (katharótera)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο καθαρότερος", etc)
absolute superlative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
καθαρότατος (katharótatos)
καθαρότατη (katharótati)
καθαρότατο (katharótato)
καθαρότατοι (katharótatoi)
καθαρότατες (katharótates)
καθαρότατα (katharótata)
genitive
καθαρότατου (katharótatou)
καθαρότατης (katharótatis)
καθαρότατου (katharótatou)
καθαρότατων (katharótaton)
καθαρότατων (katharótaton)
καθαρότατων (katharótaton)
accusative
καθαρότατο (katharótato)
καθαρότατη (katharótati)
καθαρότατο (katharótato)
καθαρότατους (katharótatous)
καθαρότατες (katharótates)
καθαρότατα (katharótata)
vocative
καθαρότατε (katharótate)
καθαρότατη (katharótati)
καθαρότατο (katharótato)
καθαρότατοι (katharótatoi)
καθαρότατες (katharótates)
καθαρότατα (katharótata) :

#### Synonyms

* (pure): αμιγής (amigís, “unadulterated”)
* (clear): αίθριος (aíthrios, “cloudless, sunny”)

#### Related terms

* αεροκαθαριστήρας m (aerokatharistíras, “airfilter”)
* αξεκαθάριστος (axekatháristos, “unclear”)
* Καθαρά Δευτέρα f (Kathará Deftéra, “Clean Monday”)
* καθαρεύουσα f (katharévousa, “Katharevousa”)
* καθαρίζω (katharízo, “to clean”)
* καθαριότητα f (kathariótita, “cleanliness”)
* καθαρισμός m (katharismós, “purification”)
* καθαριστήρας m (katharistíras, “wiper”)
* καθαριστής m (katharistís, “cleaner”)
* καθαρίστρια f (katharístria, “cleaner”)
* κάθαρμα n (kátharma, “scum”)
* κάθαρση f (kátharsi, “catharsis, purification”)
* καθαρτήριος (kathartírios, “purging, laxative”)
* καθαρτικό n (kathartikó, “laxative”)
* καθαρτικός (kathartikós, “cleansing, laxative”)
* ξεκαθαρίζω (xekatharízo, “to clarify, to explain”)

### Further reading

* καθαρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language