# 勥

| 勥 | U+52E5, &#21221; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E5 |
| ← 勤 [U+52E4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 勦 → [U+52E6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

勥 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in traditional Chinese, 力+12 in simplified Chinese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese, 14 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓戈大尸 (NIKS), composition ⿱强力)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2425
* Dae Jaweon: page 337, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 379, character 10
* Unihan data for U+52E5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 繈 | *kaŋʔ |
| 襁 | *kaŋʔ |
| 膙 | *kaŋʔ |
| 鏹 | *kaŋʔ |
| 勥 | *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ |
| 強 | *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiǎng (qiang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheang
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: gjang, gjangX
Rime :
| Character | 勥 | 勥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 巨良切 | 其兩切 |
| Baxter | gjang | gjangX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨɐŋ/ | /ɡɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiɐŋ/ | /ɡiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiɑŋ/ | /ɡiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨaŋ/ | /gɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiaŋ/ | /ɡiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭaŋ/ | /ɡĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯aŋ/ | /gi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiáng | jiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | koeng$^4$ | goeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaŋ/, /*ɡaŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勥 | 勥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10317 | 10320 |
| Phonetic component | 强 | 强 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 強 | 勥 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaŋ/ | /*ɡaŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

勥
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to compel
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) valiant

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàng
*** Tâi-lô: khiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiaŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiaŋ²¹³/

#### Definitions

勥
* (Hokkien, usually of a woman, sometimes disapproving) capable
* (Teochew, Singapore and Philippine Hokkien) clever
* (Teochew, Singapore and Philippine Hokkien) good at

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 厲害, 棒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 厲害, 夠力 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 厲害 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 犀利, 勁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 犀利 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 犀利, 勁 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶, 壁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 叻 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 慶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 厲害, 野 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 厲害 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 結棍 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 結棍 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 結棍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 䏧腮 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 聰明 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 聰明 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 聰明 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 聰明 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 聰明 |

#### Compounds

* 假勥
* 勥跤

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎng (jiang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

勥
* Only used in 㔝勥／𫦩勥.

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 勥 – see 犟 (“stubborn”). (This character is a variant form of 犟).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、ごう (gō)
* Kun: せまる (semaru)、つとめる (tsutomeru)