# mod
## Translingual
### Etymology

Abbreviation of modulus.

### Symbol

mod
* (mathematics) modulus
    7 mod 2 = 1

## English
### Etymology 1

Abbreviations.

#### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /mɑd/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /mɒd/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒd
* Homophone: Maud (cot–caught merger)

#### Noun

mod (countable and uncountable, plural mods)
* (uncountable) An unconventionally modern style of fashionable dress originating in England in the 1960s, characterized by ankle-length black trenchcoats and sunglasses.
* (UK) A 1960s British person who dressed in such a style and was interested in modernism and the modern music of the time; the opposite of a rocker.
** 1964 March 31, “Rival Teen‐Age Gangs Terrorize British Sea Resort”, in The New York Times‎:It was “Mods” against “Rockers” and the police against both as this quiet seaside town of 28,000 exploded with teen‐age violence during the Easter weekend. […] The “Mods” or “Moderns” wear sharply cut Italian‐style suits and long, pointed “winklepicker” shoes. They ride motor scooters fitted with scores of gleaming accesories.
* (informal) Clipping of modification.
* (video games) An end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behaviour of a video game.
    Coordinate terms: add-on, DLC, expansion pack
** 2003, David Kushner, Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture‎, Random House, →ISBN:Since Doom II, thousands of gamers had begun modifying id's products and making them available for free online. Doom fans would communicate entirely over the Internet to create mods of the game—often never even meeting in person or, for that matter, talking on the phone.
* (Internet) A moderator, for example on a discussion forum.
** 2019 October 23, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “How Reddit's R/Relationships Subreddit Is Moderated”, in The Atlantic‎:The mods had a difficult time deciding whether to believe a story about a man who was attracted to his girlfriend only when she was grieving her dead sister, but it stayed up.
** (Internet slang, originally Twitch-speak, humorous, in the plural) Used to express a wish of removal or, often hyperbolic, harm (as opposed to a literal request to moderators).
    Mods, kill this guy with hammers.
* (computing, informal) A module (file containing a tracker music sequence).
** 1992, Jordan K. Hubbard, “How to convert Amiga mods to Arch?”, in comp.sys.acorn (Usenet):I'd like to convert some of the arch mods back into Amiga mods since I don't have the original Amiga versions.
** 2003, Rene T. A. Lysloff, Leslie C. Gay, Jr., Music and Technoculture, page 38:These mods, while usually having the distinctive bleep and beep quality of transistor-generated tones, are often astonishingly creative and rich in expressive nuances.
* (climbing) A moderately difficult route.
* (in the plural, Oxford University, informal) Moderations: university examinations generally taken in the first year.
** 1891 November, S. E. Winbolt, “The Schools at Oxford”, in The Atlantic‎, →ISSN:It will thus be seen that, however well a boy may have been trained at school, his time may be amply occupied in preparing for Mods. during his first year and a half of residence at Oxford.
* (mathematics, programming) Abbreviation of modulus.
    Synonyms: (programming) %, modulus
* (statistics) Abbreviation of mode.
* (politics) Abbreviation of moderate.
** 2009 April 29, Marc Ambinder, “Dems and GOPers Treat Their Mods Differently”, in The Atlantic‎, retrieved 2024-03-25:Dems and GOPers Treat Their Mods Differently [title]

##### Usage notes

* In video gaming, mods are created by end users, whereas such content by the game creators would be called an expansion pack, or DLC.

##### Derived terms

* conversion mod
* power mod
* total conversion mod

##### Translations
#### Verb

mod (third-person singular simple present mods, present participle modding, simple past and past participle modded)
* (transitive, informal) To modify (an object) from its original condition, typically to individualize and/or enhance the performance of the object.
    Synonyms: trick, trick out
    His friends were particularly impressed with the way he modded his Ruckus.
* (video games) To install or create a mod.
    Learning Java is what got me into modding Minecraft.
* (transitive, Internet, informal) To moderate; to silence or punish (a rule-breaking user) on a forum, especially when done by a moderator.
    Don't break the rules or you'll be modded.
    I used to mod that forum.

##### Derived terms

* case mod
* demod
* mod con
* moddable
* modder
* mod man
* mod pack
* pod mod
* pot mod

#### Adjective

mod (not comparable)
* Abbreviation of moderate.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic mòd.

#### Noun

mod (plural mods)
* A festival of Scottish Gaelic song, arts and culture, akin to the Welsh eisteddfod.

### Etymology 3

Probably reflecting a Jamaican pronunciation of mad.

#### Adjective

mod (comparative modder, superlative moddest)
* (MTE, slang) Crazy, insane.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:insane
    Have you listened to Kendrick's new album? It's absolutely mod!
** 2022 November 28, @187Caution, Twitter‎, archived from the original on 7 June 2024:now mans have to beat uruguay to advance, dec 2nd gonna be the moddest day revenge for 2010
** 2023 March 10, “original trapstar, caught a leg shot and still took it OT til death”, in Reddit‎, r/Torontology, archived from the original on 7 June 2024:What he did was actually mod. Man fuck cancer for real
** 2024 March 27, “Whyg with a tweet about Zombie (Lane)”, in Reddit‎, r/Torontology, archived from the original on 7 June 2024:Ngl this one of the moddest tweets 😭😭
** 2024 May 7, @leavem3al0ne90, Twitter‎, archived from the original on 7 June 2024:Why would Drake orchestrate a shooting and blame it on someone not in this country? Are you mod?? Y'all obsessive discoursing has you paranoid.

### Anagrams

* -dom, DOM, Dom, Dom., ODM, dom, dom.

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmoˀð], [ˈmoðˀ]
* Rhymes: -oð

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse móðr, from Proto-Germanic *mōdaz, cognate with English mood, German Mut.

#### Noun

mod n (singular definite modet, not used in plural form)
* courage
* mood

##### Usage notes

The sense "mood" is obsolete outside of compounds and a few fixed phrases.

##### Synonyms

* (formal) courage, kurage c
* tapperhed c

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse í mót, i.e. the preposition í (“in”) + the noun mót (“meeting”) (compare i møde), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą, cognate with English moot.

#### Preposition

mod or imod
* toward, towards; to (physical motion, direction)
    Dette tog kører mod Vanløse.This train goes towards Vanløse.
    Peg mod det sted, hvor lyden kommer fra.Point towards the place the sound is coming from.
* toward, towards; to (physical orientation, facing)
    Hun stillede sig med ansigtet mod havet.She stood facing [or with her face towards] the sea.
    Værelset vender ud mod gaden.The room faces (toward(s)) the street.
* toward, towards; to (temporal motion)
    Han er godt på vej mod de 40 år.He's well on his way towards 40 years old.
* toward, towards (near in time)
    mod slutningen af aftenen ― toward(s) the end of the evening
* toward, towards; to (as a goal)
    De sigter mod at skabe 10.000 nye job.They're aiming to create [or toward(s) creating] 10,000 new jobs.
* almost, nearly, close to (in terms of quantity)
    Aktiekursen faldt med hen mod 20 procent.The share price fell by close to 20 percent.
* against; into (in the opposite physical direction of)
    Antonym: med
    Man må nogle gange svømme mod strømmen.One must sometimes swim against the current.
    Intet sejlskib kan sejle lige mod vinden.No sailing ship can sail directly against [or into] the wind.
* against; to (in physical contact with)
    Han lagde øret mod døren og lyttede.He put his ear against [or to] the door and listened.
* against, into, with (forceful collision)
    Bilen kørte mod muren.The car crashed into [or against] the wall.
    Skibet støder mod isbjerget.The ship collided with [or against] the iceberg.
* against, versus; on (having as an opponent)
    USA har aldrig formelt erklæret krig mod Irak.The US never formally declared war against [or on] Iraq.
    Gårsdagens tenniskamp var Federer mod Nadal.Yesterday's tennis match was Federer versus Nadal.
* against (in constrast to; inconsistent with; contradicting)
    mod reglerne ― against the rules
    mod sin vilje ― against one's will
* at; toward, towards; against (a recipient or target)
    Hans vrede var rettet mod præsidenten.His anger was directed at [or against or toward(s)] the president.
    Bogserien sigter mod unge voksne.The book series is aimed at [or toward(s)] young adults.
* to; toward, towards; with (as an attitude or behavior)
    Synonyms: over for, overfor, ved
    Hun har altid været venlig mod mig.She has always been friendly to(ward(s)) me.
    I dag var han meget utålmodig mod mig.Today he was very impatient with me.
* against (refuting or implicating)
    beviser mod sagsøgte ― evidence against the defendant
* to (a victim)
    Hvordan kunne du gøre sådan en forfærdelig ting mod mig?How could you do such a horrible thing to me?
* from; against (protection, precaution)
    at skærme sig mod vinden ― to shield oneself from [or against] the wind
    et værn for at beskytte mod onde ånder ― a ward to protect from [or against] evil spirits
* for (e.g., as a treatment, cure, or prophylaxis)
    Han tog piller mod smerterne.He took pills for the pain.
* to; against (comparison)
    Slutresultatet blev 33 mod 17.The final score was 33 to 17.
    Fordele og ulemper skal vejes op mod hinanden.Advantages and disadvantages must be weighed against each other.
* in return for; in exchange for; as compensation for
    Hvad ville du gerne have mod din hjælp?What would you like in return for your help?
* against (as foreground re: a background)
    i silhuet mod himlen ― silhouetted against the sky

##### Usage notes

* The two forms, mod and imod, are interchangeable when used as a preposition. In the contemporary language, the shorter form is used about 10 times as much as the longer one. As an adverb, only the longer form is used.

## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian modu and/or Italian modo, from Latin modus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔːt/
* Audio (Gozo):(file)

### Noun

mod m (plural modi or modijiet)
* way, manner
    Synonyms: għamla, manjiera

#### Derived terms

* bil-mod

## Middle English
### Noun

mod
* Alternative form of mode (“intellect, mood, will, courage, nature”)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

mod n (definite singular modet, uncountable)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of mot

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mē-, *mō-. Cognate with Old High German muot (German Mut), Old Saxon mōd, Old Dutch muot (Dutch (ge)moed), Old Norse móðr (“anger, grief”) (Swedish mod), Gothic 𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃 (mōþs, “anger, emotion”). The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of Ancient Greek μῶθαι (môthai) and Latin mōs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moːd/

### Noun

mōd n
* mind
** Adrian and Ritheus
    Mannes mōd biþ on þām hēafde and gǣþ ūt þurh þone mūþ.A person's mind is in the head and goes out through the mouth.
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
    Se feorða leahtor is ira þæt is on englisc weamodnyss. Seo deð þæt se man nah his modes ġeweald and macað manslihtas and mycele yfelu.The fourth sin is Ira, that is in English, Anger; it causeth that a man have no power over his mind, and bringeth about manslaughters and many evils.
** late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
    Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?
* heart, spirit
* state of mind, mood
* (in poetry and compounds) courage, pride, zeal, or anger
* affection
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of our Lord"
    Uton lufian ure gebroðra on Godes gelaðunge mid swilcum mōde swa swa ðes cyðere þa lufode his fynd.Let us love our brothers in God's church with such affection as that with which this martyr loved his foes.

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* -mōd (“-minded”)
* mōdlēas (“mindless”)
* mōdsēoc (“mentally ill”)
* on mōd berinnan (of a thought or idea, “to occur”)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: mod, mode, mood
** English: mood
** Scots: mude, muid

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French mode.

### Noun

mod n (plural moduri)
* mode, fashion, style, way
* (grammar) mode, mood

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

mȏd m (Cyrillic spelling мо̑д)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

## Slovene
### Noun

mod
* genitive dual/plural of modo

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmod/ [ˈmoð̞]
* Rhymes: -od
* Syllabification: mod

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English mod, from modern.

#### Adjective

mod (invariable)
* mod (of the 1960s modern style)

#### Noun

mod m (uncountable)
* mod (1960s modern style)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English mod, from modification.

#### Noun

mod m (plural mods)
* mod (an end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behaviour of a video game)

### Further reading

* “mod”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse móðr, from Proto-Germanic *mōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mō-, *mē-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muːd/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

mod n
* courage
* (in some expressions and as a component of many words) (often positive) state of mind
    Han kände sig illa till modsHe felt uncomfortable (uneasy, ill at ease)

##### Derived terms

* anmoda
* förmoda
* hjältemod
* högmod
* i hastigt mod
* jämnmod
* livsmod
* mannamod
* med berått mod
* modfälld
* modstulen
* repa mod
* saktmod
* svårmod
* ta mod till sig
* till mods
* tålamod
* vankelmod
* vemod
* vredesmod
* övermod
* övermodig

##### Related terms

* modig

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English mod, from modification.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔd/

#### Noun

mod n
* (video games) mod (end user-created modifications)
* (Internet) a mod (moderator)
    Synonym: moderator

##### Declension
### References

* mod in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mod in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mod in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* mod in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* -dom, Dom., dom, dom-

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English mod, from modification.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmod/ [ˈmod̪̚]
* Rhymes: -od
* Syllabification: mod

### Noun

mod (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇ᜔)
* mod (an end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behavior of a video game)

## Turkish
### Noun

mod (definite accusative modu, plural modlar)
* mode
* (colloquial) mood
    Synonym: hâletiruhiye

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *mooto.

### Noun

mod
* face

#### Derived terms

* käbedmod
* modkuva
* modpolišk

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “лицо”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moːd/

### Verb

mod
* Nasal mutation of bod.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.