# 誒

| 誒 | U+8A92, &#35474; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A92 |
| ← 誑 [U+8A91] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誓 → [U+8A93] |

## Translingual
### Han character

誒 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈人大 (YRIOK), four-corner 0363$_4$, composition ⿰訁矣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35513
* Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 14
* Unihan data for U+8A92

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唉 | *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ |
| 埃 | *qlɯː |
| 欸 | *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs |
| 娭 | *qɯː, *qʰlɯ |
| 挨 | *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ |
| 騃 | *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ |
| 俟 | *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl |
| 竢 | *sɢrɯʔ |
| 涘 | *sɢrɯʔ |
| 誒 | *qʰlɯ |
| 矣 | *ɢlɯʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰlɯ): semantic 言 + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ê̄, ēi (ê$^1$, ei$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄝ, ㄟ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ê̄
*** Zhuyin: ㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ê
*** Wade–Giles: eh$^1$
*** Yale: ē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: è
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɛ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ei
*** Wade–Giles: ei$^1$
*** Yale: ēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ei
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀeɪ̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

誒
* Alternative form of 欸 (ê̄, ēi, “an interjection calling attention”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ế, éi (ê$^2$, ei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄝˊ, ㄟˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ế
*** Zhuyin: ㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ế
*** Wade–Giles: eh$^2$
*** Yale: é
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èr
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: éi
*** Zhuyin: ㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: éi
*** Wade–Giles: ei$^2$
*** Yale: éi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eir
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀeɪ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

誒
* Alternative form of 欸 (ế, éi, “an interjection expressing surprise”)

##### Compounds

* 哇老誒 / 哇老诶 (wà láo ei)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ê̌, ěi (ê$^3$, ei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄝˇ, ㄟˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ê̌
*** Zhuyin: ㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ê̌
*** Wade–Giles: eh$^3$
*** Yale: ě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èè
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɛ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěi
*** Zhuyin: ㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěi
*** Wade–Giles: ei$^3$
*** Yale: ěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eei
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀeɪ̯²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

誒
* Alternative form of 欸 (ê̌, ěi, “an interjection expressing disapproval”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ề, èi (ê$^4$, ei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄝˋ, ㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): e$^6$ / ei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ề
*** Zhuyin: ㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ề
*** Wade–Giles: eh$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èh
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɛ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èi
*** Zhuyin: ㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èi
*** Wade–Giles: ei$^4$
*** Yale: èi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ey
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀeɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: e$^6$ / ei$^6$
*** Yale: eh / eih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: e$^6$ / ei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: é$^6$ / éi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛː²²/, /ei̯²²/

#### Definitions

誒
* Alternative form of 欸 (ề, èi, “an interjection expressing agreement or promise”)

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from E ɛ⁵⁵.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ê̄ (ê$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄝ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ê̄
*** Zhuyin: ㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ê
*** Wade–Giles: eh$^1$
*** Yale: ē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: è
*** Palladius: эй (ej)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɛ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

誒
* E (relating to the E language)

##### Compounds

* 誒人 / 诶人 (ê̄rén)
* 誒話 / 诶话 (ê̄huà)

##### Descendants

* → English: E

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xi
Rime :
| Character | 誒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許其切 |
| Baxter | xi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /xiə/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14948 |
| Phonetic component | 矣 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 僖 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰlɯ/ |

#### Definitions

誒
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Synonym of 兮 (xī, “an exclamatory particle”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) forced smile

##### Compounds

* 誒笑 / 诶笑
* 誒詒 / 诶诒

### Etymology 7
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Taishan, Wiktionary): e$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: e$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ə³³/

#### Definitions

誒
* (Siyi Yue) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
       From: 2019, 李敏敏 (Li Minmin), 《台山方言助词研究》 [A Study on Auxiliary Word in Taishan Dialect] (thesis), Guangdong: Jinan University, page 6
       ngoi$^1$ hiak$^1$ e$^1$ fan$^5$ lo$^1$. [Wiktionary]
       I have eaten.
       From: 2019, 李敏敏 (Li Minmin), 《台山方言助词研究》 [A Study on Auxiliary Word in Taishan Dialect] (thesis), Guangdong: Jinan University, page 7
       kiak$^4$ hui$^1$ e$^1$ lo$^1$. [Wiktionary]
       They have gone.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 矣$_1$ |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 了 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 了 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 了 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 了 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嘮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 咧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 了 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 了 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 咧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 了 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 了 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 了 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咗, 嘵 obsolete |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 耗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 咗, 敲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 哺 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 誒, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 敲 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 後, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 標 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 都 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 嗮 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 嗮 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 啊 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 畢 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 開, 了 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 開 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 開 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 開, 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 了, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 了, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 開 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 了, 咗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 了 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 了 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 了 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 拋, 阿 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 開 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 開 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 開 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 了 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 開 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 開 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 了 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 了 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咾 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 咾 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 了 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 了 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 了, 𡅏 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 了 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 了 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 了, 囉 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 了 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 了 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 了 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 了 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 仔, 了 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 仔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 仔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 得, 了 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 得, 了 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 了 |

### References

* “誒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* an exclamation of confirmation

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): き (ki)、かい (kai)、あい (ai)、い (i)
* Kun: ああ (aa)

## Korean
### Hanja

誒 (eum 희 (hui))
* sigh

## Vietnamese
### Han character

誒: Hán Việt readings: ái
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).