# 竊

| 竊 | U+7ACA, &#31434; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ACA |
| ← 竉 [U+7AC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 立 → [U+7ACB] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 窃 |
| Simplified | 窃 |
| Traditional | 竊 |

### Han character

竊 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹木月 (JCHDB), four-corner 3092$_7$, composition ⿱穴⿰釆⿳⺊𠔿禸)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 870, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25713
* Dae Jaweon: page 1299, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2747, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7ACA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 竊
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiè (qie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sit$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiat / chhiap
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciab$^4$ / ciag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻieh$^4$
*** Yale: chyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
*** Palladius: це (ce)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sit$^3$
*** Yale: sit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːt̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat / chhiap
*** Tâi-lô: tshiat / tshiap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiad, chiab
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰiap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
* chhiat - literary;
* chhiap - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: tshet
Rime :
| Character | 竊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 千結切 |
| Baxter | tshet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰet̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰet̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiet̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤet/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁet/ |
| English | steal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10472 |
| Phonetic component | 竊 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːd/ |

#### Definitions

竊
* to steal
* thief
* to acquire illegitimately; to usurp
* secretly; stealthily
* (literary, humble) personally
    竊以為……／窃以为…… ― qiè yǐwèi...... ― I personally think that...
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Chén qiè jì, jūn gōng zhōng jī zhēn bǎo, gǒu mǎ shí wài jiù, měirén chōng xiàzhèn. [Pinyin]
    I took the liberty to make an assessment and saw that the palace of our lord was piled full of precious things and treasures, with dogs and horses filling the outside stable and beautiful women filling the front hall.

##### Synonyms

* (to steal):
* 偷 (tōu)
* 偷盜 / 偷盗 (tōudào)
* 偷竊 / 偷窃 (tōuqiè)
* 撻 / 挞 (Cantonese, slang)
* 盜 / 盗 (dào)
* 盜取 / 盗取 (dàoqǔ)
* 盜竊 / 盗窃 (dàoqiè)
* 竊取 / 窃取 (qièqǔ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 偷, 盜, 竊 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 偷, 偷竊, 偷盜, 盜竊, 竊取 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 偷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 偷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 偷 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 偷, 鼠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 偷, 撻, M, jam |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 偷 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 偷 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 撻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 偷 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 偷 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 偷 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 偷 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 偷, 偷提 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 偷 |

#### Compounds

* 仰屋竊歎 / 仰屋窃叹
* 偷世竊名 / 偷世窃名
* 偷目竊望 / 偷目窃望 (tōumùqièwàng)
* 偷竊 / 偷窃 (tōuqiè)
* 偷香竊玉 / 偷香窃玉 (tōuxiāngqièyù)
* 僭竊 / 僭窃
* 剽竊 / 剽窃 (piāoqiè)
* 勦竊 / 剿窃
* 叨竊 / 叨窃
* 失竊 / 失窃 (shīqiè)
* 小竊 / 小窃
* 忝竊 / 忝窃
* 慣竊 / 惯窃 (guànqiè)
* 扒竊 / 扒窃 (páqiè)
* 暗自竊喜 / 暗自窃喜
* 狗偷鼠竊 / 狗偷鼠窃
* 狗盜鼠竊 / 狗盗鼠窃
* 狼貪鼠竊 / 狼贪鼠窃
* 疑人竊鈇 / 疑人窃𫓧
* 盜竊 / 盗窃 (dàoqiè)
* 竊位 / 窃位
* 竊位素餐 / 窃位素餐
* 竊匪 / 窃匪
* 竊占
* 竊占罪
* 竊取 / 窃取 (qièqǔ)
* 竊喜 / 窃喜 (qièxǐ)
* 竊國 / 窃国 (qièguó)
* 竊奪 / 窃夺
* 竊嫌 / 窃嫌
* 竊密 / 窃密 (qièmì)
* 竊幸乘寵 / 窃幸乘宠
* 竊弄 / 窃弄
* 竊弄威權 / 窃弄威权
* 竊據 / 窃据 (qièjù)
* 竊案 / 窃案 (qiè'àn)
* 竊犯 / 窃犯
* 竊玉 / 窃玉
* 竊玉偷香 / 窃玉偷香
* 竊用 / 窃用
* 竊疾 / 窃疾
* 竊盜 / 窃盗 (qièdào, “burglar”)
* 竊盜險 / 窃盗险
* 竊視 / 窃视 (qièshì)
* 竊窺 / 窃窥
* 竊竊 / 窃窃 (qièqiè)
* 竊竊私語 / 窃窃私语 (qièqièsīyǔ)
* 竊竊私議 / 窃窃私议
* 竊竊細語 / 窃窃细语
* 竊笑 / 窃笑 (qièxiào)
* 竊簪之臣 / 窃簪之臣
* 竊聽 / 窃听 (qiètīng)
* 竊聽器 / 窃听器 (qiètīngqì)
* 竊號 / 窃号
* 竊賊 / 窃贼 (qièzéi)
* 竊鉤竊國 / 窃钩窃国
* 竊鐘掩耳 / 窃钟掩耳
* 篡竊 / 篡窃
* 草竊 / 草窃
* 行竊 / 行窃 (xíngqiè)
* 詭銜竊轡 / 诡衔窃辔
* 貪權竊柄 / 贪权窃柄
* 鼠竊 / 鼠窃
* 鼠竊狗偷 / 鼠窃狗偷
* 鼠竊狗盜 / 鼠窃狗盗

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhia̍p
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: tshia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiap̚¹²¹/

#### Definitions

竊
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) seventy (used with numbers from 71 to 79)

##### Synonyms

* 七十 (qīshí)

#### Compounds

* 竊一 / 窃一
* 竊七 / 窃七
* 竊三 / 窃三
* 竊九 / 窃九
* 竊二 / 窃二
* 竊五 / 窃五
* 竊八 / 窃八
* 竊六 / 窃六
* 竊四 / 窃四

### References

* “竊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 窃 |
| Kyūjitai | 竊 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 窃)
* to steal (“nusumu” reading)
* secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading)

#### Readings

* Go-on: せち (sechi)
* Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
* Kun: ぬすむ (nusumu, 竊む)、ひそか (hisoka, 竊か)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 竊 (MC tshet).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 쳐ᇙ〮 (Yale: chyélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 졀〮 (cyél) (Yale: cyél) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [절]

### Hanja

Wikisource 竊 (eumhun 훔칠 절 (humchil jeol))
* hanja form of 절 (“to steal”)

#### Compounds

* 절도 (竊盜, jeoldo)
* 절취 (竊取, jeolchwi)
* 표절 (剽竊, pyojeol)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

竊: Hán Nôm readings: thiết
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.