# sever
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English severen, from Old French sevrer, from Latin separāre (“to separate”), from se- (“apart”) + parāre (“provide, arrange”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈsɛv.ɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛvə(ɹ)

### Verb

sever (third-person singular simple present severs, present participle severing, simple past and past participle severed)
* (transitive) To cut free.
    After he graduated, he severed all links to his family.
    to sever the head from the body
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 13:49:The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just.
** 1999, Eminem, Role Model:That I just severed the main vein with a chainsaw and I'm in pain?
* (intransitive) To suffer disjunction; to be parted or separated.
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:No more can I be seuered from your side
** 1918, Rudyard Kipling, “A Retired Gentleman”, in The Eyes of Asia, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 4:How great then was my anguish at being severed from my Regiment after thirty-three years!
* (intransitive) To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 9:4:The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XVII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:They claimed the right of severing in their challenges.
* (law) To disconnect; to disunite; to terminate.
** 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:sever an estate in joint tenancy

#### Synonyms

* becut
* cut off

#### Derived terms

* severable
* severally

#### Related terms

* separate

#### Translations

Arabic: جَذَبَ (jaḏaba), قَطَعَ (ar) (qaṭaʕa), بَتَّ (batta)
Azerbaijani: qırmaq (az)
Bulgarian: откъсвам (bg) (otkǎsvam), отрязвам (bg) (otrjazvam)
Catalan: tallar (ca), seccionar (ca), separar (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 斷絕 / 断绝 (zh) (duànjué)
Dutch: lossnijden (nl), scheiden (nl)
Dyirbal: nudin (guwal)
Egyptian: (dn)
Finnish: katkaista (fi); kitkeä (fi)
French: rompre (fr), trancher (fr), sectionner (fr)
German: abtrennen (de), durchtrennen (de), abbrechen (de), trennen (de)
Hungarian: elvág (hu)
Italian: recidere (it), troncare (it), tagliare (it)
Japanese: 切断する (ja) (せつだんする, setsudan suru), 断つ (ja) (たつ, tatsu), 断ち切る (ja) (たちきる, tachikiru)
Korean: 절단하다 (ko) (jeoldanhada)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: پەڕاندن (perrandin)
Latin: praecīdō, dēsecō
Latvian: saraut (ties), nogriezt (body part)
Maori: momotu, hāparapara
Occitan: copar (oc), rompre (oc), talhar (oc)
Ottoman Turkish: یارمق (yarmak)
Polish: odcinać (pl) impf, odciąć (pl) pf, odrąbywać impf, odrąbać (pl) pf, ucinać (pl) impf, uciąć (pl) pf
Portuguese: cortar (pt)
Russian: отреза́ть (ru) impf (otrezátʹ), отре́зать (ru) pf (otrézatʹ) (impf. and pf. differ in the word stress only), разрыва́ть (ru) impf (razryvátʹ), разорва́ть (ru) pf (razorvátʹ) (relationship)
Spanish: cortar (es), tallar (es) (dated), tajar (es), truncar (es), separar (es), cercenar (es), escindir (es), esñocar (Americanism)
Swedish: kapa (sv), klippa av (sv), hugga av (sv)
Turkish: ayırmak (tr), kesmek (tr), koparmak (tr)
ǃXóõ: gǂqháa :

### Further reading

* “sever”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “sever”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “sever”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* 'verse, -verse, reves, serve, veers, verse

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sevērus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [səˈβer]
* IPA: (Balearic) unknown
* IPA: (Valencia) [seˈver]

### Adjective

sever (feminine severa, masculine plural severs, feminine plural severes)
* strict, severe

#### Derived terms

* severament

#### Related terms

* severitat

### Further reading

* “sever” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “sever”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “sever” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “sever” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech sěver (“spring”), from Proto-Slavic *sěverъ (“north”). See also German Schauer, English shower (originally, "cold rain").

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛvɛr]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sever m inan (relational adjective severní)
* north
    Antonym: jih

#### Coordinate terms

* (compass points)
| severozápad | sever | severovýchod |
| západ | | východ |
| jihozápad | jih | jihovýchod |

#### Derived terms

* severák
* Severka
* severní
* severovýchod
* severozápad
* seveřan

### Further reading

* “sever”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sever”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sever”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Interlingua
### Adjective

sever (comparative plus sever, superlative le plus sever)
* severe

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *sēfar, from Proto-West Germanic *saifr.

### Noun

sêver n
* drool, saliva

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* sêveren

#### Descendants

* Dutch: zever
* Limburgish: zeiver

### Further reading

* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sever”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Old Frisian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseːfer/, [ˈsɛːfer]
* (Late Old Frisian) IPA: /ˈseːwer/, [ˈsɛːwer]

### Noun

sēver m
* Alternative form of sāver

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sévère, from Latin severus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

sever m or n (feminine singular severă, masculine plural severi, feminine and neuter plural severe)
* strict

#### Related terms

* severitate

### Further reading

* sever in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* sjȅver (Ijekavian)
* śȅver (Ekavian)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěverъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sêʋer/
* Hyphenation: se‧ver

### Noun

sȅver m (Cyrillic spelling се̏вер)
* (uncountable) north
    Antonym: jȕg

#### Related terms

* severni

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěverъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsever]

### Noun

sever m inan (genitive singular severu, nominative plural severy, declension pattern of dub)
* North
    na sever ― to the north
    na severe ― in the north
    na sever od Ontaria ― (moving) north of Ontario

#### Derived terms

* severák
* Severan
* severne
* severný

### See also

* (compass points)
| severozápad | sever | severovýchod |
| západ | | východ |
| juhozápad | juh | juhovýchod |

### Further reading

* “sever”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sěverъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sèːʋɛr/

### Noun

sẹ́ver m inan
* north

#### Derived terms

* séveren

### Further reading

* “sever”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Turkish
### Verb

sever
* third-person singular indicative aorist of sevmek