# כ־ו־ן
## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *kawan- (“to be in a place, to happen or occur, to be present”). Compare Aramaic כַּוֵּן (“to be straightened, to be made right”), Arabic ك و ن (k-w-n, “root relating to existence”), Akkadian 𒄀 (kânum, “to be firm, to hold true”), Ge'ez ኮነ (konä, “to be”), Old South Arabian 𐩫𐩥𐩬 (kwn, “to occur, to exist”), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎐 (kn, “to be”).

#### Root

כ־ו־ן • (k-w-n)
* Forming words relating to firmness, establishment.

##### Derived terms
###### Verbs and verbal derivatives

* Nif'al: נָכוֹן (nakhón, “to be prepared”)
** Participle: נָכוֹן (nakhón, “correct; ready”)
* Pi'el: כּוֹנֵן (konén, “to establish; to direct”)
** Participle: מְכוֹנֵן (mekhonén, “mechanic; founder”)
** Verbal noun: כּוֹנָן (konán, “rack; disk drive”)
** Derived noun: כּוֹנְנוּת (konenút, “preparedness”)
* Pu'al: כּוֹנַן (konán, “to be established; to be directed”)
* Hif'il: הֵכִין (heikhín, “to establish, to secure, to arrange”)
** Absolute infinitive: הָכֵן (hakhén, “ready”)
** Participle: מְכִינָה (mekhiná, “preparatory class”)
** Derived noun: הֲכָנָה (hakhaná, “readiness”)
** Verbal noun: תְּכוּנָה (tekhuná, “arrangement; character; preparation; astronomy”)
* Huf'al: הוּכַן (hukhán, “to be made ready”)
** Participle: מוּכָן (mukhán, “ready”)
*** Derived noun: מוּכָנוּת (mukhanút, “readiness”)
* Hitpa'el: הִתְכּוֹנֵן (hitkonén, “to be established; to prepare oneself”)

###### Nouns and adjectives

* כֵּן (kén, “right, honest”)
** כֵּנוּת (kenút, “honesty”)
* מָכוֹן (makhón, “foundation; institute”)
* מְכוֹנָה (mekhoná, “base; place where animals await slaughter”)

### Etymology 2

Specialised from Etymology 1, under influence from Aramaic כַּוֵּן (“to be straightened”).

#### Root

כ־ו־ן • (k-w-n)
* Forming words relating to straightness, direction.

##### Derived terms
###### Verbs and verbal derivatives

* Pi'el: כיוון / כִּוֵּן (kivén, “to straighten; to determine”)
** Verbal noun: כיוון / כִּוּוּן (kivún, “direction”)
** Derived noun: כוון / כַּוָּן (kaván, “expression; aimer”)
* Pu'al: כוון / כֻּוַּן (kuván, “to be straightened; to be made to correspond”)
** Participle: מכוון / מְכֻוָּן (mekhuván, “directed; precise; parallel”)
** Derived noun: כוונה / כַּוָּנָה (kavaná, “intention; attention; meaning”)
** Derived noun: כוונת / כַּוֶּנֶת (kavénet, “sight of a gun”)
* Hif'il: הכווין / הִכְוִין (hikhvín, “to adjust, to tune”)
** Verbal noun (male hektel substantivation after absolute infinitive): הכוון / הֶכְוֵן (hekhvén, “guidance; aiming”)
** Verbal noun (female haktala substantivation): הכוונה / הַכְוָנָה (hakhvaná, “guidance; alignment”)
* Huf'al: הכוון / הֻכְוַן (hukhván, “to be adjusted, to be tuned”)
* Hitpa'el: התכוון / הִתְכַּוֵּן (hitkavén, “to intend”)
** Verbal noun: התכוונות / הִתְכַּוְּנוּת (hitkavnút, “intention”)
* Nitpa'el: ניתכוון / נִתְכַוֵּן (nitkavén, “to intend”)

###### Nouns and adjectives

* מכוון / מַכְוֵן (makhvén, “regulator; tuner”)
* מהוון / מִכְוָּן (mikhván, “aim of a weapon”)

##### See also

* כ־ו־נ־ן (k-w-n-n, derived root relating to adjustment)

### References

* Klein, Ernest (1987) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 272
* “כ־ו־ן”, in Hebrew dictionary and conjugation tables, Pealim.com