OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܗܠܟܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ܗ ܠ ܟ
* 3 terms
From ܗܠܟ (hlak, “to walk”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [h(ə)lax(ə)θɑ], [hɛllax(ə)θɑ], [hɛlk(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [halkɑθɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܗܠܟܬܐ • (həllaḵṯā, hellaḵṯā, helkəṯā) f (plural ܗܠܟܬܐ (halkāṯā))
* going, walking, treading, marching
* mobility, locomotion
* (in the plural) goings, steps, ways

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ܗ ܠ ܟ
* 3 terms
From ܗܠܟ (hlak, “to walk”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hallɑxtɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [hallɑxɑθɑ] (plural)

#### Noun

ܗܠܟܬܐ • (hallāḵtā) f (plural ܗܠܟܬܐ (hallāḵāṯā), singular masculine counterpart ܗܠܟܐ (hallāḵā))
* walker, pedestrian
* forerunner, precursor
* peripatetic philosopher

##### Inflection
### References

* “hlkh$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “hlk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 77b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 104a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 344b
# ܕܩܠܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

Compare Hebrew דֶּקֶל (déqel), Arabic دَقَل (daqal).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɛqlɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [dɛqle] (plural)

#### Noun

ܕܩܠܐ • (deqlā) f (plural ܕܩܠܐ (deqlē))
* date palm

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ܕ ܩ ܠ
* 1 term
From ܕܩܠ (dqal, “to sift”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d(ə)qɑlɑ]

#### Noun

ܕܩܠܐ • (dəqālā) m(uncountable)
* (agriculture) soaking or cleaning wheat

##### Inflection
### References

* “dql”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “dql$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 164a
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 69b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 96b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 317b
# ܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܒ ܛ ܠ
* 3 terms

### Etymology

From ܒܛܝܠܐ (bəṭīlā, “privy”) +‎ -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b(ə)tˤiluθɑ]

### Noun

ܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ • (bəṭīlūṯā) f(uncountable)
* care, forethought
* diligence, zeal
* indolence, laziness

#### Derived terms

* ܒܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ
* ܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ ܐܠܗܝܬܐ
* ܡܠܐܟܐ ܕܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ
* ܥܒܕ ܒܛܝܠܘܬܐ

### References

* “bṭylw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 66b
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 28a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 41b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 137a
# ܒܘܓܢܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܒ ܓ ܢ
* 1 term

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buɡɡɑnɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [buɡɡɑne] (plural)

### Noun

ܒܘܓܢܐ • (buggānā) m (plural ܒܘܓܢܐ (buggānē))
* call, shout, cry, outcry
* invoking
* accusation
* rumbling, complaint

#### Inflection
### References

* “bwgn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 58b
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 24a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 37a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 124a
# ܢܫܒܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ܢ ܫ ܒ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [n(ə)ʃɑvɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [n(ə)ʃɑve] (plural)

#### Noun

ܢܫܒܐ • (nəšāḇā) m (plural ܢܫܒܐ (nəšāḇē))
* blowing (of the wind)
* beating
* (weather) storm, whirlwind

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ܢ ܫ ܒ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɛʃbɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [nɛʃbe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܢܫܒܐ • (nešbā) m (plural ܢܫܒܐ (nešbē))
* breath, blowing

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

* Root
* ܢ ܫ ܒ
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɛʃbɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [nɛʃbe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܢܫܒܐ • (nešbā) m (plural ܢܫܒܐ (nešbē))
* net, snare, noose

##### Inflection
### References

* “nšb$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “nšb$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “nšb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 215a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 952a
# ܫܠܦܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܫ ܠ ܦ
* 1 term

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃ(ə)lɑfɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃ(ə)lɑfe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܠܦܐ • (šəlāp̄ā) m (plural ܫܠܦܐ)
* extraction (e.g., of an arrow) from a wound
* bread trencher

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

Compare Biblical Hebrew שֹׁלֵף (šolep̄, “knife, sword”) and Northern Kurdish şilf (“blade, (sharp) edge”) (a Semitic borrowing).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃ(ə)lɑfɑ], [ʃɛlpɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃ(ə)lɑfe], [ʃɛlpe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܠܦܐ • (šəlāp̄ā, šelpā) m (plural ܫܠܦܐ)
* blade, handleless knife
    Alternative form: ܫܘܠܦܐ

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: շեղբ (šeġb)
** Armenian: շեղբ (šeġb)
*** ⇒ Armenian: շեղբիկ (šeġbik), շղբիկ (šġbik), շղբլինկ (šġblink), շղպլիկ (šġplik), շղբինկ (šġbink)
**** → Northern Kurdish: şixtîk (“useless old knife”)

### Etymology 3

Compare Arabic سِلْف (silf).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃɑlpɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʃɑlpe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܫܠܦܐ • (šāləp̄ā) m (plural ܫܠܦܐ)
* brother-in-law (specifically sister's husband)

##### See also

* ܓܝܣܐ
* ܚܬܢܐ
* ܝܒܡܐ
* ܣܘܠܦܐ

### References

* “šlpˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 371b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 582b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1569a
# ܡܚܠܬܐ
## Classical Syriac

* Root
* ܢ ܚ ܠ
* 1 term

### Alternative forms

* ܡܚܘܠܬܐ (maḥḥūlṯā), ܡܢܚܠܐ (manḥālā)

### Noun

ܡܚܠܬܐ • (maḥḥalṯā, maḥḥelṯā) f (plural ܡܚܠܬܐ (maḥḥəlāṯā))
* sieve

#### Inflection
### References

* “mḥlh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “mḥwlh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “mnḥl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “mhwlh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מְהוּלְתָּא (məhūltā, “sieve”), CAL puts to מהל (“to dilute”) as noted by Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 137–138 who actually contends h having developed from ḥ against Fleischer, who compared it and Mishnaic Hebrew מוֹהַל (mōhal, “sieve”) with Arabic مُهْل (muhl, “molten material such as tar, metal, oil etc.”) and Greek μούχλα (moúchla, “mould”) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מוּגְלָא and Classical Syriac ܡܘܓܠܐ (mūḡlā, “pus”), to which one later could have added Middle Armenian մգլահոտ (mglahot, “smelling of mold”).
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 423a
* Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 209a
* Payne Smith, Robert (1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), volume 2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 2337
# counterprotestor
## English
### Etymology

From counter- +‎ protestor.

### Noun

counterprotestor (plural counterprotestors)
* One who counterprotests.
** 2025 January 15, Linda Feldmann, “Outside the DC jail, where Jan. 6 rage and devotion live on”, in The Christian Science Monitor:Counterprotesters shouted epithets as they walked by, but the opposing groups kept it nonviolent.
# nonviolent
## English
### Adjective

nonviolent (comparative more nonviolent, superlative most nonviolent)
* Alternative form of non-violent
** 2015 February 20, Jesse Jackson, “In the Ferguson era, Malcolm X’s courage in fighting racism inspires more than ever”, in The Guardian (London)‎:When Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 – 50 years ago on Saturday – I was an activist in the civil rights movement of Martin Luther King, a man of peace who led the nonviolent protests that brought down segregation in America, and ushered in the civil rights and voting rights acts.
** 2025 January 15, Linda Feldmann, “Outside the DC jail, where Jan. 6 rage and devotion live on”, in The Christian Science Monitor:Counterprotesters shouted epithets as they walked by, but the opposing groups kept it nonviolent.
# murgiso
## Latin
### Etymology

Unknown, a word with only remote attestations and deemed foreign. Compare Old Armenian մրգուզ (mrguz, “base, mean; obscure”), perhaps together with it from a Semitic term belonging to the root ر ج س (r j s) related to filth, disgrace. Formally it looks like the active participle of form IV, *مُرْجِس (*murjis), which would signify “someone who does filthy business” or “who is filthy”, perhaps relating to affairs specific to Judaea or Syria, while the Armenian term matches the passive participle of form I, مَرْجُوس (marjūs, “filthy”). However these measures are unusual in Northwest Semitic and the Latin term might be directly borrowed from Classical Syriac ܡܪܓܙܢܐܼ (/⁠margəzānā⁠/, “quarrelsome; one who provokes to anger”) from the root ܪ ܓ ܙ related to enragement, the ending of which a Latin speaker naturally identifies with ō, ōnis, the long /ɑ/ having the quality /ɔ/ in Syriac depending on the dialect, and to which the Armenian is also possibly related.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmur.ɡi.soː/, [ˈmʊrɡɪs̠oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmur.d͡ʒi.so/, [ˈmurd͡ʒis̬o]

### Noun

murgisō m (genitive murgisōnis); third declension
* A crafty advocate, a shrewd shyster

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

### References

* “murgiso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* murgiso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “murgis(s)o” in volume 8, part 3, column 1672, line 5–11 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
# משח
## Aramaic
### Etymology

From the root מ־שׁ־ח /ܡ ܫ ܚ related to anointing. Compare Arabic مَسَحَ (masaḥa), from cognate root م س ح (m s ḥ), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎌𐎈 (mšḥ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məʃɑħ/

### Verb

מְשַׁח • (m'šaḥ)
* to anoint
* to measure

#### Related terms

* אִיתְמְשַׁח
* מְשִׁיחָא
* ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

## Hebrew

* Root
* מ־שׁ־ח (m-sh-kh)
* 3 terms

### Etymology

From the root מ־שׁ־ח Compare Ugaritic 𐎎𐎌𐎈 (mšḥ) and Arabic مَسَحَ (masaḥa).

### Verb

מָשַׁח • (mashákh) (pa'al construction)
* to anoint with oil

#### Related terms

* מָשִׁיחַ
# կայմ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կայմ (kaym). Doublet of ղայիմ (ġayim).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑjm/, [kɑjm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑjm/, [ɡɑjm]

### Noun

կայմ • (kaym)
* mast

#### Derived terms

* անկայմ (ankaym)
* առաջակայմ (aṙaǰakaym)
* եռակայմ (eṙakaym)
* երկկայմ (erkkaym)
* երկկայմանի (erkkaymani)
* կայմակալ (kaymakal)
* կայմահարթակ (kaymahartʻak)
* կայմաձող (kaymajoġ)
* կայմային (kaymayin)
* կայմապարան (kaymaparan)
* կայմասյուն (kaymasyun)
* միակայմ (miakaym)
* միջնակայմ (miǰnakaym)
* նավակայմ (navakaym)
* ռադիոկայմ (ṙadiokaym)
* քթակայմ (kʻtʻakaym)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

A Semitic borrowing: compare Aramaic / Classical Syriac ܩܝܡܐ (/⁠qaymā⁠/), ܩܝܡܬܐ (qāyemtā, “standing object”), ܩܐܝܡ (qaʾʾīm, “standing one, firmly positioned”), Arabic قَائِم (qāʔim, “upright, vertical”), from the root ܩ ܘ ܡ, ق و م (q w m) related to rising.
The weaving sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast; beam”).

### Noun

կայմ • (kaym)
* mast
* (by extension) sail
    Synonym: առագաստ (aṙagast)
* (weaving) beam

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: կայմ (kaym) (learned)

### Further reading

* “qymh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “qwm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կայմ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 507b
* Awgerean, Mkrtičʻ, Čēlalean, Grigor (1865) “կայմ”, in Aṙjeṙn baṙaran haykaznean lezui [Pocket Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կայմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կայմ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 380b
* Kerestedjian, Bedros (1945) Kerest Haig, editor, Étude philologique et lexicographique de 6000 mots et noms arméniens avec des comparaisons de 100.000 mots de 900 langues et des données historiques et géographiques‎ (in French), London: Bernard Quaritch Ltd., page 205
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “կայմ”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կայմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Urišean, Vardgēs (1995) “կայմ”, in Mer armatnerə nor loysi tak [Our Root Words Under New Light] (in Armenian), volume I, Fresno: Meshag Printing & Publishing, page 155a
# جزيرة
## Arabic
### Etymology

* Root
* ج ز ر (j z r)
* 7 terms
Likely an Aramaic topographic term, to be identified with Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גזרתא (“a heap or slab of wood or stone”) and Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “a heap or slab of wood or stone; merlon; door-ring, specifically Mesopotamia”), with the specific meaning of “island” but attested as Classical Syriac ܓܳܙܰܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gāzartā) and Old Armenian կղզի (kłzi) and Old Georgian კუნძული (ḳunʒuli); potentially reinterpreted from the Sumerian source of جِسْر (jisr, “(wooden) bridge”), though Semitic root derivation is superficially very plausible—from this root ج ز ر (j z r) / ג־ז־ר / ܓ ܙ ܪ related to “cutting, cheffing” one hardly has obtained the meaning of “an island” or “a major separated region” directly but rather by means of transferral from “smaller” meanings.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ziː.ra/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

جَزِيرَة • (jazīra) f (plural جَزَائِر (jazāʔir) or جُزُر (juzur))
* island
* peninsula
* area, region, territory, section, district; any separated location, especially one delimited by natural boundaries

#### Derived terms

* الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir)
* الْجَزَائِر الْخَالِدَات (al-jazāʔir al-ḵālidāt)
* الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra)
* جَزِيرَة الْأَمَان (jazīrat al-ʔamān)
* جَزِيرَة الْخَضْرَاء (jazīrat al-ḵaḍrāʔ)
* جَزِيرَة الْعَرَب (jazīrat al-ʕarab)
* شِبْه جَزِيرَة (šibh jazīra)

#### Related terms

* جَزَرِيّ (jazariyy)
* جَزَائِرِيّ (jazāʔiriyy)
* جَزْأَرَة (jazʔara)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: gżira, ġżira (less common)
* Moroccan Arabic: جزيرة (gzīra, jazīra)
** → Tashelhit: tagzirt
* → Classical Persian: جَزِیرَه (jazīra)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जज़ीरा (jazīrā)
    Urdu: جَزِیرَہ (jazīra)
* → Indonesian: jazirah
* → Ottoman Turkish: جزیره (cezîre)
** Turkish: cezire
* → Portuguese: lezíria
* → Sicilian: gisira

### Further reading

* “gzrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, pages 112b–113a

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.ziː.ra/.

### Noun

جَزيرة • (jazīra) f (plural جُزُر (juzur))
* island
* isle

#### Derived terms

* شبه جزيرة (šibh jazīra, “peninsula”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.ziː.re/, [ʒaˈziː.re]
* IPA: /ʒa.ziː.ra/, [ʒaˈziː.ra]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جزيرة • (jazīre) f (plural جزر (juzor) or جزائر (jazāʔer))
* island
# ܒܘܕܩܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܒ ܕ ܩ related to inspecting.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buddɑqɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [buddɑqe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܒܘܕܩܐ • (buddāqā) m (plural ܒܘܕܩܐ (buddāqē))
* search, searching, investigation, research
* (religion) divine mystery
* appearance
* indication, declaration
* message, tidings

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From early Middle Persian *bōdak. Compare Persian بوته (bôta, “crucible”), Classical Syriac ܒܘܛܐ (būṭā, “crucible”), Arabic بُوطَقَة (būṭaqa), بُودَقَة (būdaqa), بُوتَقَة (būtaqa), بُوطَة (būṭa, “crucible”).

#### Pronunciation

* (conjectural) IPA: [budqɑ]

#### Noun

ܒܘܕܩܐ • (būdqā) m (plural ܒܘܕܩܐ (būdqē))
* crucible

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “bwdq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2013-08-14
* “bwdq$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 60a
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 25a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 37a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 124b
* Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, page 637 Nr. 54
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “بوطقة”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 274a
# ܓܝܓܠܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* Root
* ܓ ܠ ܠ (g l l)
* 5 terms

### Etymology

Also attested in Classical Syriac, from the earlier uncontracted form ܓܠܓܠܐ (galgəlā); the sense of “thistle stalks” is a semantic loan from Biblical Hebrew גַּלְגַּל (galgal).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ɡiɣːlɑː]

### Noun

ܓܝܼܓ݂ܠܵܐ • (gīḡlā) f sg (plural ܓܝܼܓ݂ܠܹ̈ܐ (gīḡlē))
* (automotive, transport) wheel (especially of a carriage, well, or mill)
* potter's wheel
* torture device
* cycle, circuit, circular course, orbit
* (figuratively, religion) angels
* (astronomy) celestial sphere
* (botany) thistle stalks

#### Synonyms

* (wheel): ܐܘܼܦܢܵܐ (upnā)
* (circle, cycle): ܚܘܼܕܪܵܐ (ḥudrā), ܚܘܿܓ݂ܬܵܐ (ḥōḡtā)
* (orbit): ܡܵܘܙܲܠܬܵܐ (māwzaltā), ܟܪܘܼܟ݂ܝܵܐ (kruḵyā)

#### Derived terms

* ܓܝܼܓ݂ܠܘܿܢܝܼܬܵܐ (gīḡlōnītā, “earring”, literally “little wheel”)
* ܟܘܼܪܣܹܐ ܓܝܼܓ݂ܠܹ̈ܐ (kursē gīḡlē, “wheelchair”)

## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܓܠܓܠܐ (galgǝlā) (uncontracted)

### Etymology

From the earlier uncontracted form ܓܠܓܠܐ (galgəlā), from the root ܓ ܠ ܠ related to rolling. The sense of “thistle stalks” is from Biblical Hebrew גַּלְגַּל (galgal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡiɣlɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [ɡiɣle] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܓܝܓܠܐ • (giḡlā) f (plural ܓܝܓܠܐ (giḡlē))
* wheel of a carriage, well, or mill
* (geometry) circle, ring, disc, sphere
* cycle, circuit, circular course, orbit
* (astronomy) celestial sphere
* potter's wheel
* torture device
* round boulder used to close a tomb
* (figuratively, religion) angels
* (botany) thistle stalks

#### Derived terms

* ܓܝܓܠܘܢܝܬܐ (gīḡlōnīṯā)

### References

* “gygl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 103a
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 42a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 68a–b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 228a–b
# ܕܓܢܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܕ ܓ ܢ related to clouding the eyes. Compare Arabic دَجْن (dajn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɛɣnɑ], [d(ə)ɣɑnɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [dɛɣne], [d(ə)ɣɑne] (plural)

### Noun

ܕܓܢܐ • (deḡnā, dḡānā) m (plural ܕܓܢܐ (deḡnē, dḡānē))
* ophthalmitis
* blindness
* bleariness
* heavy snow

#### Inflection
### References

* “dgn$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 59a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 83b
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 274b
# ᮜᮤᮙ
## Sundanese
### Numeral

ᮜᮤᮙ • (lima)
* Sundanese spelling of lima‎