# aurum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of or.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɔː.ɹəm/
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈo.ɹəm/
* Audio (Midwestern, US); /ˈɑ.ɹəm/:(file)
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈoː.ɹəm/
* Rhymes: -ɔːɹəm

### Noun

aurum (uncountable)
* Gold (used in the names of various substances, see "Derived terms").
* A sweet, orange-flavored Italian liqueur.

#### Related terms

* aurum fulminans
* aurum mosacium
* aurum musivum

#### Descendants

* → Malay: aurum

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* ausum (archaic)
* ōrum
* ☉ (alchemy)

### Etymology

Rhoticization of Old Latin ausum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éws-o-m (or less likely *h₂é-h₂us-om) (“gold”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”). Cognate with Lithuanian áuksas, Old Lithuanian ausas, Old Prussian ausis, Tocharian A wäs, Tocharian B yasā.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈau̯.rum/, [ˈäu̯rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈau̯.rum/, [ˈäːu̯rum]

### Noun

aurum n (genitive aurī); second declension
* gold (as mineral or metal)
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.138-139:Cui pharetrā ex aurō, crīnēs nōdantur in aurum, aurea purpuream subnectit fībula vestem.[Dido appears,] with her gold quiver, her tresses knotted into a gold [clasp], [and] a gold buckle fastens her purple gown. (See also: aurea. Cf. 4.134: Dido’s horse likewise is ornamented “aurō”.)
* gold (colour)
* any object made of gold, such as a gold coin or a gold ring
* lustre
* a Golden Age

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

#### Synonyms

* (the metal gold): chrȳsos

#### Derived terms

* aurārius
* aurea pellis
* aurēscō
* aureus
* auricoctor
* auricolor
* auricomāns
* auricomus
* aurifer
* aurifex
* aurifluus
* aurifodīna
* aurifrigium
* aurigāns
* aurigena
* auriger
* aurilegulus
* auripigmentum
* aurivestrix
* aurō
* aurōclāvus
* aurōsus
* aurūgō
* aurulentus

#### Related terms

* aura
* aurāria
* aurāta
* aurātilis
* aurātūra
* aurātus
* aureātus
* Aurēlia
* Aurēlius
* aureolus
* aurificīna
* aurificium
* aurūgineus
* aurūginō
* aurūginōsus

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: avru
** Istro-Romanian: aur
** Romanian: aur
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: oru
** Dalmatian: jaur, yaur, uar, vuar, iuar
** Italian: oro
*** → Esperanto: oro
*** → Sardinian: oru, oro
** Neapolitan: oro
** Sicilian: oru, àuru
** Venetan: oro
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: aur
** Ladin: or
** Romansch: aur, or, ôr
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: òr, ôr
** Ligurian: öo
** Lombard: òr
** Piedmontese: òr
** Romagnol: or
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: or, eu, eur, ouâ
** Occitan: aur
** Old Catalan: or, aur
*** Catalan: or
** Old French: or
*** Middle French: or, aur (alternate Latinized spelling)
**** French: or
***** Haitian Creole: lò
**** → English: or
*** Walloon: ôr
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: oro
** Old Galician-Portuguese: ouro
*** Galician: ouro
*** Portuguese: ouro (see there for further descendants)
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: oru
*** Extremaduran: oru
*** Leonese: ouru, oru
*** Mirandese: ouro
** Old Spanish: oro
*** Ladino: oro
*** Spanish: oro
* Borrowings:
** Ancient:
*** → Albanian: ar
*** → Old Irish: ór
**** Irish: ór
**** Manx: airh
**** Scottish Gaelic: òr
*** → Proto-Brythonic: *awr
**** Breton: aour
**** Old Cornish: our
***** Cornish: owr
**** Old Welsh: our
***** Welsh: awr
***** Middle Welsh: eur (probably < Latin aureus)
****** Welsh: aur
** Later:
*** → English: aurum
*** → Italian: auro, auro-

### References

* ↑ page 115
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

### Further reading

* “aurum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aurum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "aurum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* aurum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “aurum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “aurum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English aurum, from Latin aurum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aurom], [aurəm], [ɔrum], [aurum]
* Rhymes: -urum, -rum, -um

### Noun

aurum (Jawi spelling اٴوروم, informal 1st possessive aurumku, 2nd possessive aurummu, 3rd possessive aurumnya)
* gold (element)

#### Synonyms

* emas / امس
* kencana / کنچان

## Old Norse
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Noun

aurum
* dative plural of eyrir