# ful
## Translingual
### Symbol

ful
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Fula.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Fula 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫.

### Adjective

ful (invariable)
* (relational) of Fula

### Noun

ful m (uncountable)
* Fula

#### Related terms

* fulbe

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz, cognate with Swedish ful, English foul, German faul, Dutch vuil.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuːˀl/, [ˈfuˀl]
* Homophone: fugl

### Adjective

ful (neuter fult, plural and definite singular attributive fule)
* (dated) nasty, ugly

## Korlai Creole Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Marathi फूल (phūl).

### Noun

ful
* flower

### References

* Clements, J. Clancy (1996) The Genesis of a Language: The Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 71

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic فُول (fūl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuːl/

### Noun

ful m (collective, singulative fula, paucal fuliet)
* broad bean, broad beans

### See also

* fażola

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English full, from Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

#### Alternative forms

* fol, full, vol, vul

#### Adverb

ful
* very; much; to a great extent
** 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:And I seide, "Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. […]And I said, "Sir, in his time master John Wycliffe was held by very many men the greatest clerk that they knew living upon earth. And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living. […]
* full
** ca. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 25:8
    and failynge he was deed in a good elde, and of greet age, and ful of dayes, and he was gaderyd to his puple.
       and failing he was dead in a good old [age], and of great age, and full of days, and he was gathered to his people.

##### Derived terms

* fulhede
* fulle
* fullen
* fulsom
* fulthe

##### Related terms

* fille
* fillen
* -ful
* ful-
* fully
* fulnesse

##### Descendants

* English: full
* Scots: fou, full
* Yola: vull

##### References

* “ful, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ful
* Alternative form of fulle

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʉːl/
* Rhymes: -ʉːl
* Homophone: fugl

### Adjective

ful (masculine and feminine ful, neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulere, indefinite superlative fulest, definite superlative fuleste)
* clever, sly

### References

* “ful” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “ful” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.

### Adjective

ful (neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulare, indefinite superlative fulast, definite superlative fulaste)
* clever, sly

### References

* “ful” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *full.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ful/

#### Adjective

ful
* Alternative form of full

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *fūl.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuːl/

#### Adjective

fūl
* foul (dirty, stinking, vile, corrupt)

##### Derived terms

* fūlnes

##### Descendants

* Middle English: foul
** English: foul
** Scots: foul

### Etymology 3

Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *full

#### Adverb

ful
* very, well
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
    ...and ful leof þam casere for his micclan sige þeah þe he nære gefullod ....and very dear to the emperor for his great victory, though he was not baptized.

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *full.

### Adjective

ful
* full

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: fol
* West Frisian: fol

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸul]

### Verb

·ful
* third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of fo·loing

#### Derived terms

* connach·ḟul

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* full

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

### Adjective

ful
* full

#### Related terms

* fullian

#### Descendants

* Low German: vull

## Plautdietsch
### Adjective

ful
* foul, rotten, putrid
* lazy, shiftless, indolent, slothful

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈful/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ul
* Syllabification: ful

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English full. Doublet of pełny and plenum.

#### Alternative forms

* full

#### Adjective

ful (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (colloquial) full

#### Noun

ful m inan
* (poker) full house
* (colloquial) stout, porter (beer with mid-high hop and alcohol levels)
* (colloquial) full house (situation in which a place is filled with people to its maximum capacity)
    Synonym: komplet

##### Declension
#### Numeral

ful
* (colloquial) full

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic فُول (fūl).

#### Noun

ful m inan
* type of heavily spiced Egyptian fava bean paste (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* ful in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ful in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English full.

### Noun

ful n (plural fuluri)
* (poker) full house

#### Declension
## Saterland Frisian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʊl/
* Hyphenation: ful
* Rhymes: -ʊl

### Etymology 1

From Old Frisian full, from Proto-West Germanic *full. Cognates include West Frisian fol and German voll.

#### Adjective

ful (masculine fullen, feminine, plural or definite fulle, comparative fuller, superlative fulst)
* full

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “full”): loos

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

ful
* Unstressed form of fúul

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “ful”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
* Marron C. Fort (2015) “fúul”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

## Spanish
### Etymology

Of Germanic origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈful/ [ˈful]
* Rhymes: -ul
* Syllabification: ful

### Adjective

ful (invariable)
* (slang) cheap, fake

#### Derived terms

* fulero

### Further reading

* “ful”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “ful”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz. Compare English foul, Dutch vuil, German faul.

### Pronunciation

* (Sweden) IPA: /fʉːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉːl

### Adjective

ful (comparative fulare, superlative fulast)
* ugly; of displeasing appearance
    Det var den fulaste unge jag någonsin settThat's the ugliest kid I've ever seen
** 1994, “Älska mig [Love me]”, in Sanningens morgon [The morning of truth]‎, performed by Köttgrottorna:Jag blir äldre och mindre attraktiv. Rent ut sagt fulare. Åren går så fort att jag har svårt att följa med. Jag byter punkfrisyr mot munkfrisyr och ansiktet det skrynklar ihop sig. Men mina egocentriska behov, de kvarstår år efter år.I'm getting older and less attractive. Uglier, to put it bluntly. The years go by so fast that I have a hard time keeping up. I exchange punk hairdo for monk hairdo and my face [it – redundant] crumples up. But my egocentric needs, they remain year after year.
* dirty, bad; something contradictory to norms and rules
    Larsson gjorde en riktigt ful tacklingLarsson pulled off a really dirty tackle
    ett fult orda bad word
* prefix indicating a state of low or lesser quality: an ironic opposite of fin (“fine, elegant”).
** 2000, Mikael Niemi, Populärmusik från Vittula p. 35; English translation by Laurie Thompson: Popular Music from Vittula (2003), p. 36.
    Hukande tassade han fram till predikstolen, en skygg liten gosse med fulsnaggat hår.Shoulders hunched, he tip-toed toward the pulpit, a bashful little boy with an awful haircut.

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* ful-
* ful fisk
* ful gubbe
* ful som stryk
* fuling
* fult ord
* fulöl
* fulsnygg

### References

* ful in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ful in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ful in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Ulf, ulf

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English fool.

### Noun

ful
* fool

## Volapük
### Noun

ful (nominative plural fuls)
* fullness

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only