# g

| g | U+0067, &#103; LATIN SMALL LETTER G |
| ← f [U+0066] | Basic Latin | h → [U+0068] |
| ᵍ | U+1D4D, &#7501; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL G |
| ← ᵌ [U+1D4C] | Phonetic Extensions | ᵎ → [U+1D4E] |
| ｇ | U+FF47, &#65351; FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER G |
| ← ｆ [U+FF46] | Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms | ｈ → [U+FF48] |
* Some typefaces have an open-tail form of g. This has a dedicated Unicode character ⟨ɡ⟩ for IPA use.

## Translingual
### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter G): Ǵǵ Ğğ Ĝĝ Ǧǧ Ġġ Ģģ Ḡḡ Ǥǥ Ɠɠ ᶃ ɢ Ｇｇ Ŋŋ
* (IPA): ɡ
* Greek forms: Γ, γ
* Guitar Chord - G - Played 3 3 0 0 2 3

### Pronunciation

* Pronunciation of IPA [gɑː, ɑggɑː] with the sound [g]:(file)

### Symbol

g
* Symbol for the gram, an SI unit of mass.
** 2013, David Hafemeister, Physics of Societal Issues: Calculations on National Security, Environment, and Energy (in English), Springer, →ISBN, page 23:A more useable size might be 1 g with an accelerated decay of 200 kg of TNT. The isomer bomb obtained funding, but was canceled as nonsensical.
** 2024 February 23, Kate Connolly, “Germany legalises possession of cannabis for personal use”, in The Guardian‎ (in English):The law passed by the chancellor, Olaf Scholz’s ruling three-party coalition, legalises cultivating up to three plants for private consumption, the possession of 50g of cannabis at one time at home, and 25g in public.
* Symbol for gravitational acceleration, approximately 9.81 m/s$^2$ or 32 ft/sec$^2$ at the earth's surface. Distinguished from G.
* (IPA) Alternative form of ɡ (voiced velar stop).
* (superscript ⟨ᵍ⟩, IPA) Alternative form of ᶢ.
* (physics) gluon

#### Translations
### Gallery

* Letter styles
* Uppercase and lowercase versions of G, in normal and italic type
* Uppercase and lowercase G in Fraktur

### See also

* Ȝ
* Ŋ
Other representations of G:
| NATO phonetic: Golf Morse code: ––· Braille: ⠛ ASL Manual: G | Signal flag: | Semaphore: |

## English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /d͡ʒiː/
    Audio (US):(file)
    Audio (UK):(file)
* Homophone: gee
* (letter name) Rhymes: -iː
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/, /d͡ʒ/

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G, plural gs or g's)
* The seventh letter of the English alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

#### Number

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The ordinal number seventh, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

#### Noun

g (countable and uncountable, plural gs)
* (physics) A unit of gravitational acceleration.
    Alternative form: G
    pull Gs
* Abbreviation of gram.
* (chiefly US) Abbreviation of grand (“thousand (dollars, pounds etc.)”).
    Alternative form: G
* (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of good.
    All g, it happens.
* (Internet slang) Abbreviation of grin; often enclosed in * * or < > to indicate that the user is grinning.
    Coordinate terms: bg (“big grin”), vbg (“very big grin”)
** 2007 May 12, FastWolf, “Re: Re: i like paris hilton (off topic, am i ever on topic?)”, in alt.drugs.hard‎ (Usenet), message-ID <ft2d43t7k9injhqvlhfssg5c8n89eejim3@4ax.com>:Call me old fashioned, but the cyberdong virtual dildo just didn't do it for me. […] PS= Does that make the cyberdong a dildon't? ... okay I apologize <g>

##### Derived terms

* anti-g
* g-block
* g-dropping
* get one's a into g
* g-factor
* g-force
* g-girl
* g st
* g value
* g-word
* hard g
* it's all g
* soft g
* zero-g

### Multiple parts of speech

g
* (stenoscript) Abbreviation of go and inflections goes, going, gone
* (stenoscript) The sounds /ɡ, ŋɡ, ŋ/
* (stenoscript) The suffix -ing

### Usage notes

(abbreviation of go): Note that g is not used for the inflection went, which is instead notated with w—.

## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɟ/

### Letter

g lower case (upper case G)
* The ninth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe/, [ɡe̞]

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Catalan
### Letter

g (upper case G)
* (used to represent /ɡ/ before a, o or u; /ʒ/ (/d͡ʒ/ in Valencian) before e or i; /t͡ʃ/ at the end of a syllable after i (assimilating to /d͡ʒ/ before a voiced consonant); and /k/ at the end of a word)

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Central Mazahua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter G): Ǵǵ Ğğ Ĝĝ Ǧǧ Ġġ Ģģ Ḡḡ Ǥǥ Ɠɠ ᶃ ɢ Ｇｇ Ŋŋ

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

## Chipewyan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Czech
### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The twelfth letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, E e, É é, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, P p, Q q, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, Ů ů, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eː
* (letter name): IPA: /ɣeː/

### Noun

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* (physics) a unit of gravitational acceleration

#### Derived terms

* harde g
* zachte g

#### See also

* Previous letter: f
* Next letter: h

### Noun

g
* (physics) Abbreviation of gram.

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ɡo/
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called go and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

## Estonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡ̊eː/, [ˈɡ̊eː]

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Estonian alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and g for information on the development of the glyph itself.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡeː/, [ˈɡe̞ː] (name of letter)
* Audio: gee, kengät, grilli, gee:(file)
* Rhymes: -eː

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Finnish alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

##### Usage notes

* Used only in loanwords except for ng [ŋː].

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

### Etymology 2

German musical notation.

#### Noun

g
* (music) G (note)

##### Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

##### Declension

Inflection of g (Kotus type 18/maa)
singular
plural
nominative
g
g:t
genitive
g:n
g:iden g:itten
partitive
g:tä
g:itä
accusative
g g:n
g:t
inessive
g:ssä
g:issä
elative
g:stä
g:istä
illative
g:hen
g:ihin
adessive
g:llä
g:illä
ablative
g:ltä
g:iltä
allative
g:lle
g:ille
essive
g:nä
g:inä
translative
g:ksi
g:iksi
abessive
g:ttä
g:ittä
instructive
g:in
comitative
g:ineen :

##### Derived terms

* G-duuri
* g-molli

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒe/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Symbol

g
* (physics) g
* (text messaging slang) Abbreviation of j’ai (“I have”).
    g pas dfric ― i don't have any cash

## Fula
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

## Gothic
### Romanization

g
* Romanization of 𐌲

## Heiltsuk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /c/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, A̓ a̓, B b, C c, C̓ c̓, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, G g, Gv gv, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧv ǧv, H h, H̓ h̓, Ħ ħ, I i, Í í, I̓ i̓, K k, Kv kv, K̓ k̓, K̓v k̓v, L l, ʼL l̓, Ḷ ḷ, Ḷ́ ḷ́, ʼḶ ḷ̓, Ɫ ɫ, M m, ʼM m̓, Ṃ ṃ, Ṃ́ ṃ́, ʼṂ ṃ̓, N n, ʼN n̓, Ṇ ṇ, Ṇ́ ṇ́, ʼṆ ṇ̓, P p, P̓ p̓, Q q, Qv qv, Q̓ q̓, Q̓v q̓v, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, U u, Ú ú, U̓ u̓, W w, ʼW w̓, X x, Xv xv, X̌ x̌, X̌v x̌v, Y y, ʼY y̓, Z z, ʔ

## Hungarian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: [ˈɡ]
* (letter name): IPA: [ˈɡeː]
* Audio:(file)

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The twelfth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called gé and written in the Latin script.

##### Derived terms

* g-moll

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of gramm (“gram”).

#### Noun

g (plural g-ok)
* g (a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* (sound, letter, and abbreviation): g in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (musical note and its key): g in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /cɛː/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The ninth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* (context pronunciation) IPA: /ɡ/
* (letter name) IPA: /ɡe/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ɡe/
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /dʒe/
* (phoneme): IPA: /dʒ/ before 'i'/'e'/'y', as /ʒ/ in the suffix -age, and /ɡ/ elsewhere.

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Interlingua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Previous letter: f
* Next letter: h

## Irish
### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
* (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
* (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

## Italian
### Letter

g f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Italian alphabet, called gi and written in the Latin script.

## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of g – see the following entry. :
| 【グラム】 | [noun] gram (unit of mass) [counter] gram (unit of mass) Alternative spelling 瓦 |
(This term, g (g), is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Kankanaey
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog g. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English g.

### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /dji/ [d͡ʒi̞]
** Rhymes: -i
* (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/ [ɡ̚]

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyi and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

### References

* Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎ (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

## Kashubian
### Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and g for development of the glyph itself.

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eleventh letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

## Latin
### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* A letter in the Latin alphabet, representing the sound /g/

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

## Latvian
### Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡ]
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The tenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called gā and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Letters of the Latvian alphabet:
    burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The eleventh letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

## Lushootseed
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g
* The twelfth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet.

## Malay
### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/
* IPA: /k/ (per final devoicing or assimilation to a following voiceless obstruent)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

## Navajo
### Letter

g (upper case G)
* A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

## North Frisian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡ], (in the syllable coda) [ç], [x]
* (Sylt) IPA: (at the start of a word or stressed syllable) [ɡ̊], (otherwise) [ç], [x]

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Etymology

* Word-internal or final ⟨g⟩ alternates with ⟨ch⟩ in many cases. Originally this alternation reproduced closely the pronunciation: voiced [ʝ~ɣ] and devoiced [ç~x] respectively. For example, kuuch > kuuger reflected [kuːx] > [kuːɣɐ], whereas fraag > fraagen reflected [fraːɣ] > [fraːɣn̩].
* Most contemporary dialects have eliminated the voiced fricatives [ʝ], [ɣ] devoicing them to [ç], [x] in coda and otherwise hardening them to [ɡ] (similarly to northern Standard German). This means that the pronunciation can still be deduced from the spelling, but it has become inscrutable why kuuch has final ⟨ch⟩ and fraag does not, given that both of them are now pronounced with [x] in the singular and [ɡ] in the plural.
* Sylt Frisian has also eliminated the voiced fricatives, but it has devoiced them to [ç], [x] in all positions. Accordingly, it has not only Fraag [froːx], but also plural Fraagen [froːxn̩]. With very few exceptions, ⟨g⟩ is written after long or unstressed vowels and ⟨ch⟩ after short stressed vowels.

### See also

* (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

## Norwegian
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ɡeː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/, /k/, /j/, /ʃ/, /ɪ/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

g
* The seventh letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* When g is written before j, they merge together and create the sound of y in you.
* G is sometimes pronounced like the s in sugar in words of French origin, like genre, due to the fact that Norwegian lacks the voiced palato-alveolar sibilant [ʒ].
* In eastern and nothern dialects, g at the end of pronouns is pronounced like the y in boy. In western and southern dialects, the g is pronounced like g in great.
* When g is written before t, it is pronounced like the k in king.
* In Norwegian runic inscriptions from 17-19 centuries this letter is usually written as ᚵ.

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

## Polish
### Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and g for development of the glyph itself.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡjɛ/

### Letter

g (upper case G, lower case)
* The tenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called gie and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (letter name) (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒe/
* Audio (Brazil):(file)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
** 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 75:Não o perdoou por abandonar o serviço em vez de seguir você.She didn't forgive him for abandoning his service instead of following you.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Romani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* (International Standard) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* (Pan-Vlax) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ/, /dʒ/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The ninth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ge, ghe, or gî and written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

See G for pronunciation notes.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă, Â â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Î î, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by f and followed by h. Its traditional name is gort (“ivy”).

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
* (diacritics) ◌̀
* (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* G (uppercase)

### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (Cyrillic spelling г)
* The 11th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by f and followed by h.

## Silesian
### Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and g for development of the glyph itself.

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The ninth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

## Skolt Sami
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The twelfth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [k]

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The eleventh letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Gaj's Latin alphabet g, from Czech alphabet g, from Latin g. Pronunciation as /ɡə/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German g.

### Pronunciation

* Phoneme
* (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k]
* (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k]
* (colloquial): IPA: /ɡ/, [k], [x], SNPT: /g/, [k], [h]
* (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA: /ɣ/, [x], SNPT: /ɣ/, [h]
Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
* Letter name
* (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: [ˈɡə̂], [ˈɡêː], [ˈɡěː], SNPT: [gə̏], [gẹ̄]
* (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: [ˈɡə], [ˈɡeː], SNPT: [gə̀], [gé], Audio:(file)
* (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA: [ˈɣə̂], [ˈɣêː], [ˈɣěː], SNPT: [ɣə̏], [ɣẹ̄], Audio:(file)
Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
* Rhymes: -ə, -eː (ə̀, é) (non-tonal)
* Hyphenation: g
* Homophone: G (tonal and non-tonal)
* Homophone: G (non-tonal only)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* The eleventh letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
* The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

### Symbol

g
* (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [ɡ].

### Noun

g m inan
* The name of the Latin script letter G / g.
* (linguistics) The name of the phoneme /ɡ/.

#### Inflection

* Overall more common
* More common when with a definite adjective
* Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century

### Derived terms

* ǧ
* ǵ
* ǥ

### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
* ǧ
* ǵ
* ǥ

### Further reading

* “g”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (phoneme) /ɡ/, [ɣ̞], /x/
* IPA: (letter name) /ˈxe/ [ˈxe]
** Audio (Spain):(file)
** Rhymes: -e

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation
#### Letter name

* IPA: /ɡeː/

#### Phoneme

* IPA: /ɡ/, /j/, /ɧ/
** Homophone: j (in some positions)

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Swedish alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script. Pronounced /ɡ/ in front of a, o, u and å and /j/ in front of e, i, y, ä and ö. Pronounced /ɧ/ in some loan words.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish g. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English g.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜄ (ga).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish g.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈdji/ [ˈd͡ʒi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
*** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈdji/ [ˈd̪ji] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
*** Rhymes: -i
** IPA: /ˈɡa/ [ˈɡa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
*** Rhymes: -a
** IPA: /ˈhe/ [ˈhɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
*** Rhymes: -e
** IPA: /ɡ/ [ɡ] (phoneme)
** IPA: /ɡ/ [ɣ] (phoneme, intervocalic)
** IPA: /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] (phoneme, followed by e or i, English unadapted loanwords)
*** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ds/ [d̪s] (phoneme, followed by e or i, English unadapted loanwords)
** IPA: /h/ [h] (phoneme, followed by e or i, Spanish unadapted loanwords)
** IPA: /s/ [s] (phoneme, followed by e or i, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete)

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)
* The seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dyi and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G, Baybayin spelling ᜄ)
* The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ga and written in the Latin script.

#### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)
* (historical) The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ge and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* g̃

### Etymology 2
#### Interjection

g (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)
* (slang) Alternative letter-case form of G

### Further reading

* “g”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Tlingit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Canada:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à, Â â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
* US:
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/, /ɟ/
* (letter name): IPA: /ɟeː/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harf; A a (Â â), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i (Î î), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u (Û û), Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ~ʁ/

### Letter

g (upper case G)
* The eighth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ze˧˧], [ɣəː˨˩], [ɣəː˨˩ ʔɗəːn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jej˧˧], [ɣəː˦˩], [ɣəː˦˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jej˧˧], [ɣəː˨˩], [ɣəː˨˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: giê, gờ, gờ đơn

### Letter

g
* The tenth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

### Noun

g
* Contraction of -ương.
    lương → lgwork pay

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /ɛɡ/
** (informal) IPA: /ɡə/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The tenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èg and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by ff and followed by ng.

### Mutation

* G at the beginning of words is omitted in a soft mutation, mutates to Ng in a nasal mutation and is unchanged by aspirate mutation, for example with the word gorsaf (“station”):
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “g”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
* (letter name): IPA: /ɡí/

### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called gí and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
* (Benin)
* (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

## Zulu
### Letter

g (lower case, upper case G)
* The seventh letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z