# 青山
## Chinese

* 青山 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 青山 (Cantonese)
* Chhiâng-sân-khî (Hakka)
* Chheng-san-khu (Southern Min)
* 青山区 (武汉市) (Wu)

### Etymology
#### “psycho”; “psychiatric hospital”

    From 青山醫院 (Castle Peak Hospital), the first psychiatric hospital in Hong Kong.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīngshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$ saan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiâng-sân
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-san
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingshan
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: chīng-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingshan
*** Palladius: циншань (cinšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$青山 青衫
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: chīng sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiâng-sân
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiang$^ˊ$ san$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiang$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-san
*** Tâi-lô: tshing-san
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhengsafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ san³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

### Noun

青山
* green mountains; mountains with lush forests
    From: c. 16th century, 楊慎 (Yang Shen), 臨江仙
    Qīngshān yījiù zài, jǐ dù xīyáng hóng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, derogatory, slang) psycho
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) psychiatric hospital
    青山走犯 [Cantonese] ― cing$^1$ saan$^1$ zau$^2$ faan$^{6-2}$ [Jyutping] ― a psychopath (literally, “an escaped criminal from the Castle Peak hospital”)

#### Synonyms

* (green mountains): 蒼山／苍山 (cāngshān)
* (psychiatric hospital): (Guangzhou Cantonese) 芳村 (Fāngcūn)

#### Derived terms

* 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒 / 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (liú dé qīngshān zài, bùpà méi chái shāo)
* 留得青山在，不愁沒柴燒 / 留得青山在，不愁没柴烧 (liú dé qīngshān zài, bù chóu méi chái shāo)
* 留得青山在，哪怕冇柴燒 / 留得青山在，哪怕冇柴烧
* 綠水青山 / 绿水青山 (lǜshuǐqīngshān)
* 青山綠水 / 青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ)

### Proper noun

青山
* Castle Peak (a mountain peak in Tuen Mun district, Hong Kong)
* (～區)
** Qingshan (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)
** Qingshan (a district of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China)
** Castle Peak (a former district of Hong Kong), renamed to Tuen Mun
* (～鎮) Qingshan (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)
* (～醫院) Castle Peak Hospital (a psychiatric hospital in Tuen Mun district, Hong Kong)
    去青山睇病 [Cantonese] ― heoi$^3$ cing$^1$ saan$^1$ tai$^2$ beng$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to get checked out at Castle Peak
* Aoyama (a sub-district in Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 青 | 山 |
| あお Grade: 1 | やま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 靑山 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 青 (ao, “blue or green; lush with life”) +‎ 山 (yama, “mountain”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あおやま [àóyámá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠o̞ja̠ma̠]

#### Noun

青(あお)山(やま) • (aoyama)
* a green lush mountain or mountainous area
* kamaboko (steamed fish paste) made into auspicious shapes, used in ceremonies

#### Proper noun

青(あお)山(やま) • (Aoyama)
* a Japanese habitational surname
* Aoyama (a neighborhood in the north of Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan)
    So named as the land was deeded to Aoyama Tadanari (青山忠成, d. 1613; Wikipedia article) by Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康, d. 1616; Wikipedia article)
* Aoyama (a former town in the Naga District, Mie Prefecture, Japan)
* Aoyama, Aoyama Station (a railway station in the city of Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

##### Derived terms

* 青山菊(あおやまぎく) (aoyamagiku): the Aoyama chrysanthemum, a family crest

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 青 | 山 |
| せい Grade: 1 | さん > ざん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 靑山 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 青山 (tsheng srɛn, literally “green or blue + mountain or hill”). Compare modern Min Nan reading chheng-san, or Mandarin reading qīngshān.
The 山 character is read san ordinarily. The san changes to zan as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーざん [séꜜèzàǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [se̞ːzã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

青(せい)山(ざん) • (seizan)
* a green lush mountain or mountainous area
* (figurative) a grave or one's final resting place

##### Idioms

* 青山一髪(せいざんいっぱつ) (seizan ippatsu): "lush mountains, a single hair" → the mountains are so far away that they recede into the distance, seeming only as tall as a single hair is wide
* 人間到(にんげんいた)る処青山有(ところせいざんあ)り (ningen itaru tokoro seizan ari); 人間至(じんかんいた)る所青山有(ところせいざんあ)り (jinkan itaru tokoro seizan ari): "wherever people go, there are green mountains", "wherever you go in the world, there are green mountains" → get out and see the world, don't be a homebody

#### Proper noun

青(せい)山(ざん) • (Seizan)
* Qingshan (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)
* Qingshan (a district of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China)
* Qingshan (several towns, townships and subdistricts in China)
* name of a famous 琵琶 (biwa, “four-stringed lute”) brought to Japan from Tang Dynasty China

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN