# խլուրդ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian խլուրդ (xlurd).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χəˈluɾd/, [χəlúɾd]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χəˈluɾt/, [χəlúɾtʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

խլուրդ • (xlurd)
* mole (animal)
* (dialectal) small lizard
* (dialectal) wooden lock
* (dialectal) gangrene, canker

#### Derived terms

* խլրդային (xlrdayin)
* խլրդբլոց (xlrdblocʻ)
* խլրդկտոց (xlrdktocʻ)
* խլրդուկ (xlrduk)

### Further reading

* խլուրդ on the Armenian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{hy}$
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խլուրդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 374ab
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2002), “խլուրդ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 333a

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* խլիրդն (xlirdn)

### Etymology

A Classical Syriac borrowing: compare Classical Syriac ܚܘܠܕܐ (ḥuldā, “mole”), ܚܠܕܘܕܐ (ḥalḏūḏā, ḥaləḏūḏā, “field mouse or jerboa”), ܚܠܘܕܐ (ḥallūḏā, ḥālūḏā, “field mouse or jerboa”), ܚܠܕܝܬܐ (ḥalāḏīṯā, “gangrene, canker”) (attested in the same passages of Aphrahat as խլիրդն (xlirdn), խլրդենի (xlrdeni, “gangrene, canker”)), all from the root ܚ ܠ ܕ related to crawling. See also խլրտամ (xlrtam).

### Noun

խլուրդ • (xlurd)
* mole (animal)
** 5th century, Bible, Leviticus 11.30:[…] եւ մկնաքիս եւ գետնառեւծ եւ կովադիաց եւ մողէզ եւ խլուրդ (var. խլուրդն):[…] ew mknakʻis ew getnaṙewc ew kovadiacʻ ew mołēz ew xlurd (var. xlurdn):Translation by New English Translation of the Septuagint […] field mouse and chameleon and gecko and lizard and blind rat.
** 10/13th century, Tʻovmay Arcruni and Ananun, Patmutʻiwn tann Arcruneacʻ [History of the House of Artsrunik] :Ո՜վ Բաբելացի կոյր՝ ունելով խելապատակ ցնդեալ ի մկանց եւ ի խլրդից […] O$^!$v Babelacʻi koyr, unelov xelapatak cʻndeal i mkancʻ ew i xlrdicʻ […]Translation by Robert W. ThomsonOh blind Babylonian with brains addled by mice and moles […]
** 11th century, Grigor Magistros, Grigor Magistrosi tʻłtʻerə [The letters of Grigor Magistros] : […] կափուցեալ զաչս իբրև զխլուրդս […] […] kapʻucʻeal začʻs ibrew zxlurds […]
** 13th century, Patmutʻiwn vracʻ [The History of Georgians] :Եւ ասէ ցնա Վախթանգ․ Անմիտ դու և մուկն խլուրդ […] Ew asē cʻna Vaxtʻang; Anmit du ew mukn xlurd […]Translation by Robert W. ThomsonVaxt‘ang said to him: ‘You are a stupid mouse-like mole […]
* (only in the form խլիրդն (xlirdn)) gangrene, canker
    Synonym: խլրդենի (xlrdeni)
** 5th century, Aphrahat, Zgōn [Demonstrations] VII.3:[…] իսկ որ խլրդենին (var. խլիրդն) ստանայ յանձն իւր, չիք ինչ հնար բժշկութեան նորա […][…] isk or xlrdenin (var. xlirdn) stanay yanjn iwr, čʻikʻ inčʻ hnar bžškutʻean nora […]Translation by Guy Lafontaine […] (ei) qui autem gangraenam habet in se ipso, non est ullum remedium sanationis ei […]
** 5th century, Aphrahat, Zgōn [Demonstrations] VII.5:[…] զէն ոչ կարեն զգենուլ, զի խլրդենի (var. խլիրդն) ստացան ի մարմինս իւրեանց։ Եւ մինչ խլրդենին ի (var. մինչև խլիրդն առ) նոսա իցէ և ժպրհեսցին զէն զգենուլ […][…] zēn očʻ karen zgenul, zi xlrdeni (var. xlirdn) stacʻan i marmins iwreancʻ. Ew minčʻ xlrdenin i (var. minčʻew xlirdn aṙ) nosa icʻē ew žprhescʻin zēn zgenul […]Translation by Guy Lafontaine […] arma non possunt induere, quod gangraenam habuerunt in corporibus suis. Et dum gangraena in eis erit et audebunt arma induere […]

#### Usage notes

* In the Bible, translates Ancient Greek ἀσπάλαξ (aspálax).
* The passage in Arcruni alludes to Leviticus 11.30 which refers to mice and moles as unclean animals.
* Some dictionaries postulate a nominative *խլուրդն (*xlurdn) based on the genitive խլրդան (xlrdan), but it could be the genitive of the form խլիրդն (xlirdn) attested as a variant reading of the sense "gangrene, canker".

#### Derived terms

* խլրդենի (xlrdeni)
* խլրդնի (xlrdni)
* հլրդենի (hlrdeni)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: խլուրդ (xlurd)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խլուրդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 374ab
* ↑ Zēytʻunean A. S., editor (1993), Girkʻ Łewtacʻwocʻ [Book of Leviticus] (Hay hnaguyn tʻargmanakan hušarjanner; 4)‎, Antelias: Holy See of Cilicia, critical text, page 87
* ↑ Tʻovma Arcruni ew Ananun (2006) M. H. Darbinyan-Melikʻyan, editor, Patmutʻiwn Tann Arcruneacʻ [History of the House of Artsrunik]‎, Yerevan: Magaghat, critical text with introduction and commentary, page 29
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (1985) Thomas Artsruni, History of the House of the Artsrunik‘: translation and commentary (Byzantine texts in translation)‎, Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press, page 84
* ↑ Kostaneancʻ, Karapet (1910) Grigor Magistrosi tʻġtʻerə [The letters of Grigor Magistros]‎, Alexandropol: Gēorg Sanoyeancʻ Press, page 206
* ↑ J̌uanšēr (1884) Hamaṙōt patmutʻiwn vracʻ [Abridged History of Georgians] (Matenagrutʻiwnkʻ naxneacʻ), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 88
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (1996) Rewriting Caucasian History: The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles. The Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 208
* ↑ Lafontaine, Guy (1979) La version arménienne des œuvres d’Aphraate le Syrien. Tome II. Démonstrations VI–XII (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 405. Scriptores Armeniaci; 9)‎, a critical edition of the Old Armenian text, Louvain: Peeters, page 37
* ↑ Lafontaine, Guy (1979) La version arménienne des œuvres d’Aphraate le Syrien. Tome II. Démonstrations VI–XII (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 406. Scriptores Armeniaci; 10)‎, a translation from Old Armenian into Latin, Louvain: Peeters, page 22
* ↑ Lafontaine, Guy (1979) La version arménienne des œuvres d’Aphraate le Syrien. Tome II. Démonstrations VI–XII (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 405. Scriptores Armeniaci; 9)‎, a critical edition of the Old Armenian text, Louvain: Peeters, page 39
* ↑ Lafontaine, Guy (1979) La version arménienne des œuvres d’Aphraate le Syrien. Tome II. Démonstrations VI–XII (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 406. Scriptores Armeniaci; 10)‎, a translation from Old Armenian into Latin, Louvain: Peeters, page 22

### Further reading

* “ḥld”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-06-26
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “խլուրդ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 946c
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “խլիրդն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 946b
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “խլուրդ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy