# 鬱金
## Chinese

* 鬱金

### Etymology

Related to Persian کرکم (kurkum, “saffron”) (suggested as possible by Pulleyblank (1962)). Most likely ultimately from Sanskrit कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma, “saffron”). Compare Khotanese [script needed] (kurkuma-, “saffron, crocus”), Tocharian B kurkamäṣṣi (“of saffron”), Sogdian [script needed] (kwrkwnph, “saffron”), Tibetan གུར་གུམ (gur gum, “saffron”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùjīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄐㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^1$ gam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ut-kim / it-kim
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$iuq-cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùjīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùjin
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$-chin$^1$
*** Yale: yù-jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhjin
*** Palladius: юйцзинь (jujczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$浴巾 鬱金 / 郁金
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^1$ gam$^1$
*** Yale: wāt gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^7$ gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^1$ gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ut-kim
*** Tâi-lô: ut-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: utkym
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ut̚³²⁻⁴ kim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it-kim
*** Tâi-lô: it-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: itkym
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /it̚³²⁻⁴ kim⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$iuq-cin
*** MiniDict: iuih$^入$ cin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$yq-jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yɪʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'jut kim
Rime :
| Character | 鬱 | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 紆物切 | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | 'jut | kim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨut̚/ | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiut̚/ | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuət̚/ | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔut̚/ | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuət̚/ | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭuət̚/ | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯uət̚/ | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yu | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wat$^1$ | gam$^1$ |

### Noun

鬱金
* turmeric (Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, etc.) or its tuberous root (used as an herb in traditional Chinese medicine)

#### Derived terms

* 鬱金香 / 郁金香 (yùjīnxiāng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鬱金(うこん) (ukon); 鬱金(うっこん) (ukkon)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 鬱 | 金 |
| う Grade: S | こん Grade: 1 |
| irregular | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 欝金
/uk̚koɴ/ → /ukoɴ/
Shift from ukkon below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うこん [ùkóń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟kõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

鬱(う)金(こん) or 鬱金(ウコン) • (ukon)
* the turmeric, Curcuma longa
    Synonyms: 黄染草 (kizomegusa), ターメリック (tāmerikku)
    Hypernym: 生姜 (shōga)
* a dye extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric
* Short for 鬱金色 (ukon-iro): saffron yellow
* Short for 鬱金桜 (ukonzakura): a 里桜 (satozakura) cultivar, Prunus lannesiana
* (traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma longa used in medicine

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウコン.

##### Derived terms

* 鬱(う)金(こん)色(いろ) (ukon-iro)
* 鬱(ウ)金(コン)空(ウツ)木(ギ) (ukon utsugi)
* 鬱(う)金(こん)粉(こ) (ukon-ko)
* 鬱(ウ)金(コン)香(コウ) (ukonkō)
* 鬱(ウ)金(コン)桜(ザクラ) (ukonzakura)
* 鬱(う)金(こん)染(ぞ)め (ukonzome)
* 鬱(ウ)金(コン)花(バナ) (ukonbana)
* 鬱(う)金(こん)文(ぶ)庫(んこ) (ukon bunko)
* 鬱(う)金(こん)木(も)綿(めん) (ukon momen)
* 葛(クズ)鬱(ウ)金(コン) (kuzu-ukon)
* 蕃(バン)鬱(ウ)金(コン) (ban ukon)
* 紅(べに)鬱(う)金(こん) (beni ukon)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 鬱 | 金 |
| うち > うっ Grade: S | こん Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
/utɨ komʉ/ → /uk̚komʉ/ → /uk̚koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 鬱金 (MC 'jut kim).

#### Noun

鬱(うっ)金(こん) or 鬱金(ウッコン) • (ukkon)
* (archaic) the turmeric, Curcuma longa
* Short for 鬱金色 (ukkon-iro): saffron yellow
* Short for 鬱金香 (ukkonkō): a tulip

##### Derived terms

* 鬱(ウッ)金(コン)香(コウ) (ukkonkō, “tulip”)
* 鬱(ウッ)金(コン)草(ソウ)樹(ジュ) (ukkonsōju, “tulip tree”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN