# 矛

| 矛 | U+77DB, &#30683; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77DB |
| ← 矚 [U+77DA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 矜 → [U+77DC] |
| ⽭ | U+2F6D, &#12141; KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR |
| ← ⽬ [U+2F6C] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽮ → [U+2F6E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

矛 (Kangxi radical 110, 矛+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓竹 (NINH), four-corner 1722$_2$, composition ⿹予丿)
* Kangxi radical #110, ⽭.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/矛
* 𭑴, 𢘕, 𤝩, 柕, 䋒, 䟥, 𨱨, 𨥨, 𩶒, 𢦧, 敄, 𣭅, 務, 𨾣, 𪉝
* 𢦵, 茅, 𤔃, 罞, 雺, 髳, 𡛺, 𡬢, 𢘅, 柔, 𥁛, 𦚇, 䖥, 蟊, 𧕑, 袤, 裦, 𣓥, 霿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 821, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23846
* Dae Jaweon: page 1233, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2764, character 1
* Unihan data for U+77DB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矛 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 堥 | *muː, *mu |
| 蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
| 猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
| 茅 | *mruː |
| 罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
| 蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
| 鶜 | *mruː |
| 瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
| 愗 | *moːɡs |
| 袤 | *mus |
| 雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
| 懋 | *mus |
| 楙 | *mus |
| 矛 | *mu |
| 蟊 | *mu |
| 髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
| 鍪 | *mu |
| 鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
| 糅 | *ml'us |
| 腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
| 柔 | *mlju |
| 揉 | *mju |
| 蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 鍒 | *mju |
| 騥 | *mju |
| 蝚 | *mju |
| 葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
| 鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
| 鰇 | *mju |
| 瑈 | *mju |
| 鶔 | *mju |
| 楺 | *mjuʔ |
| 煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 韖 | *mjuʔ |
| 敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
| 務 | *moɡs |
| 鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
| 騖 | *moɡs |
| 婺 | *moɡs |
| 霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 嵍 | *moɡs |
| 霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
| 楘 | *moːɡ |
The pictogram of a bamboo spear with a ring in the middle. Unrelated to 予.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máo (mao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): màu
* Eastern Min (BUC): màu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bâu / mâu / mô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mao$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$meu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máo
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^2$
*** Yale: máu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mau
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maau$^4$
*** Yale: màauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mao$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màu
*** Hakka Romanization System: mau$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mau̯¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: màu
*** Sinological IPA : /mau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâu
*** Tâi-lô: bâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baau
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /bau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bau²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâu
*** Tâi-lô: mâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: maau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mãu²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mãu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /mãu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
*** Tâi-lô: môo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
* bâu/mâu - literary;
* mô͘ - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: mjuw
Rime :
| Character | 矛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 莫浮切 |
| Baxter | mjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muw/ |
| Li Rong | /miu/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | móu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mu/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 矛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | máo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*m(r)u/ |
| English | a kind of lance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 矛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8814 |
| Phonetic component | 矛 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 謀 |
| Old Chinese | /*mu/ |

### Definitions

矛
* spear; lance

#### Compounds

* 丈八蛇矛 (Zhàng bā shémáo)
* 亡戟得矛
* 厹矛
* 大相矛盾
* 弓矛之士
* 挺矛 (tǐngmáo)
* 擲級承矛 / 掷级承矛
* 杯酒戈矛
* 矛吻海龍 / 矛吻海龙 (máowěnhǎilóng)
* 矛盾
* 矛盾律 (máodùnlǜ)
* 矛盾相向
* 矛蟻 / 矛蚁 (máoyǐ)
* 矛頭 / 矛头 (máotóu)
* 自相矛盾 (zìxiāngmáodùn)
* 衛矛 / 卫矛
* 酋矛
* 階級矛盾 / 阶级矛盾

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kun: ほこ (hoko, 矛, Jōyō)
* Kanji in this term
* 矛
* ほこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 鉾 鋒 戈 戟

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほこ [hóꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ho̞ko̞]

### Noun

矛(ほこ) • (hoko)
* a Chinese spear; a lance; a halberd

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 矛 (MC mjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 모 (mwo) (Yale: mwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [모]

### Hanja

Wikisource 矛 (eumhun 창 모 (chang mo))
* hanja form of 모 (“spear; lance”)

#### Compounds

* 모순 (矛盾, mosun)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

矛: Hán Nôm readings: mâu, mấu
* chữ Hán form of mâu (“spear”).

#### Compounds

* 矛盾 (mâu thuẫn, “contradiction”)
* 蛇矛 (xà mâu, “snake-headed spear”)
* 長矛 (trường mâu, “long spear”)