# 檜

| 檜 | U+6A9C, &#27292; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A9C |
| ← 檛 [U+6A9B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 檝 → [U+6A9D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

檜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木人一日 (DOMA), four-corner 4896$_6$, composition ⿰木會)
* Chinese cypress (Cupressus duclouxiana)
* Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 557, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15676
* Dae Jaweon: page 946, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1303, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6A9C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 譮 | *qʰruːbs |
| 會 | *koːbs, *ɡoːbs |
| 儈 | *koːbs |
| 膾 | *koːbs |
| 鱠 | *koːbs |
| 襘 | *koːbs |
| 禬 | *koːbs, *ɡoːbs |
| 檜 | *koːbs, *koːd |
| 旝 | *koːbs |
| 澮 | *koːbs |
| 鄶 | *koːbs |
| 廥 | *koːbs |
| 鬠 | *koːbs, *ɡoːd |
| 劊 | *koːbs, *koːd |
| 獪 | *koːbs, *kroːbs |
| 繪 | *ɡoːbs |
| 懀 | *qoːbs, *qroːbs, *qroːbs |
| 薈 | *qoːbs |
| 嬒 | *qoːbs, *qoːd |
| 瞺 | *qoːbs |
| 噲 | *kʰroːbs |
| 璯 | *kʰroːbs |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guì, kuài (gui$^4$, kuai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ, ㄎㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kui$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kòe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^4$
*** Yale: gwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuai$^4$
*** Yale: kwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
*** Palladius: куай (kuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kui$^2$
*** Yale: kúi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kui$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe
*** Tâi-lô: kuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kue¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kwajH, kwat
Rime :
| Character | 檜 | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (26) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古外切 | 古活切 |
| Baxter | kwajH | kwat |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑi$^H$/ | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑi$^H$/ | /kʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑi$^H$/ | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaj$^H$/ | /kwat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑi$^H$/ | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑi$^H$/ | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑi$^H$/ | /kuɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì | guo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gui$^3$ | gut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[o][p]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːbs/, /*koːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwaj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁ[o][p]-s/ |
| English | ornament on coffin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 檜 | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5499 | 5519 |
| Phonetic component | 會 | 會 |
| Rime group | 蓋 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儈 | 括 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːbs/ | /*koːd/ |

#### Definitions

檜
* Chinese juniper
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qíshuǐ yóuyóu, guìjí sōngzhōu. [Pinyin]
    The waters of the Qi flow smoothly; there are the oars of juniper and boats of pine.

#### Synonyms

* 圓柏／圆柏 (yuánbǎi)

#### Compounds

* 檜木 / 桧木 (guìmù)
* 檜柏 / 桧柏
* 紅檜 / 红桧 (hóngguì)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huì, kuài (hui$^4$, kuai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ, ㄎㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kui$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland China)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
*** Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuai$^4$
*** Yale: kwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
*** Palladius: куай (kuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kui$^2$
*** Yale: kúi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kui$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwajH
Rime :
| Character | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (26) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古外切 |
| Baxter | kwajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gui$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[o][p]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːbs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwaj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁ[o][p]-s/ |
| English | ornament on coffin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 檜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 5499 |
| Phonetic component | 會 |
| Rime group | 蓋 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儈 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːbs/ |

#### Definitions

檜
* Used in personal names.
    秦檜／秦桧 ― Qín Huì ― Qin Hui

##### Usage notes

* Its use in personal names is now rare because of Qin Hui (1090-1155), a chancellor of the Southern Song who is widely regarded and condemned as a traitor to the Chinese people for his part in the persecution and execution of his political enemy, Yue Fei, a general who fought for the Song against the Jin dynasty during the Jin–Song Wars.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 桧 |
| Kyūjitai | 檜 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 桧)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)、かち (kachi)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)、かつ (katsu)
* Kun: ひ (hi, 檜)、ひのき (hinoki, 檜)

#### Compounds

* 老檜(ろうかい) (rōkai)
* 翌檜(アスナロ) (asunaro), 翌檜(アスナロウ) (asunarō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 檜
* ひのき Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 桧 (shinjitai) 檜木
Originally a compound of 檜 (hi, “Japanese cypress”, see below) +‎ の (no, attributive particle) +‎ 木 (ki, “tree”).
The wood and bark was commonly used as tinder, and the term was previously thought to be from 火 (hi, “fire”) +‎ の (no, attributive particle) +‎ 木 (ki, “tree”). However, later research into ancient kana usage in Old Japanese revealed that 檜 had a reading of ⟨pi$_1$⟩, while 火 was read as ⟨pi$_2$⟩, ruling out this derivation.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひのき [hìnókí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ひのき [híꜜnòkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çino̞kʲi]
* (Kyoto) ひ​のき [híꜜnòkì] (Kōki – [1])

#### Noun

檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki)
* Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒノキ.

##### Derived terms

* 檜(ひのき)翌檜(あすなろ) (hinoki asunaro)
* 檜(ひのき)笠(がさ) (hinokigasa)
* 檜(ひのき)玉(だま) (hinokidama)
* 檜(ひのき)綱(づな) (hinokizuna)
* 檜(ひのき)舞台(ぶたい) (hinoki butai)
* 明日(あす)は檜(ひのき) (asu wa hinoki)
* 木曽(きそ)檜(ひのき) (Kiso Hinoki)
* 台湾(たいわん)檜(ひのき) (Taiwan hinoki)

##### Descendants

* → English: hinoki
** ⇒ English: hinokitiol

#### Proper noun

檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 檜
* ひ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
⟨pi$_1$⟩ → */pʲi/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese 檜 (pi$_1$).
First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

#### Noun

檜(ひ) • (hi)
* (archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

##### Derived terms

* 檜(ひ)扇(おうぎ) (hiōgi)
* 檜(ひ)垣(がき) (higaki)
* 檜(ひ)笠(がさ) (higasa)
* 檜(ひ)隈(ぐま) (Higuma)
* 檜(ひ)曾(そ), 檜(ひ)楚(そ) (hiso)
** 白(しら)檜(び)曾(そ) (shirabiso)
* 檜(ひの)枝(え)岐(また) (Hinoemata)
* 檜隈(ひのくま) (Hinokuma)
* 檜葉(ひば) (hiba)
* 檜(ひ)原(ばら) (hibara)
* 檜(ひ)物(もの) (himono)
* 檜(ひ)山(やま) (Hiyama)
* 檜(ひ)皮(わだ) (hiwada)
* 檜(ひ)破(わ)り子(ご) (hiwarigo)
* 明日(あす)檜(ひ) (asuhi)
* 黒(くろ)檜(び) (kurobi), 黒(くろ)檜(べ) (kurobe)
* 白(しら)檜(び) (shirabi), 白(しら)檜(べ) (shirabe)
* 唐(とう)檜(ひ) (tōhi)
* 紅(べに)檜(ひ) (benihi)

### References

* 1 2 “檜・檜木”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 “檜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 “檜”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

## Korean
### Hanja

檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 회목 (檜木, hoemok, “Japanese cypress”)

#### See also

* 괄 (栝, gwal, “juniper”)
* 노송 (老松, nosong, “Japanese cypress”)
* 백 (柏, baek, “cypress”)
* 측백 (側柏, cheukbaek, “oriental thuja”)
* 편백 (扁柏, pyeonbaek, “Japanese cypress”)
* 향목 (香木, hyangmok, “juniper”)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *pi. Cognate with Okinawan 檜 (finuchi, < *pinoki).

### Noun

檜 (pi$_1$) (kana ひ)
* Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
** 711–712, Kojiki, poem 100:...麻紀佐久比能美加度......maki$_2$ saku pi$_1$ no mi$_1$kado$_1$......this wooded palace of flourishing cypresses...

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 檜 (hi, hinoki)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

檜: Hán Nôm readings: cối
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.