# 鞨

| 鞨 | U+97A8, &#38824; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97A8 |
| ← 鞧 [U+97A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鞩 → [U+97A9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鞨 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 廿十日心女 (TJAPV), four-corner 4652$_7$, composition ⿰革曷)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1389, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42924
* Dae Jaweon: page 1904, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4342, character 18
* Unihan data for U+97A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hé (he$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
*** Yale: hot / hoht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hot$^8$ / hot$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hod$^3$ / hod$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hak
*** Sinological IPA : /hak̚²/
* Middle Chinese: hat
Rime :
| Character | 鞨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡葛切 |
| Baxter | hat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hot$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鞨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 5036 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːd/ |

#### Definitions

鞨
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) shoe

#### Compounds

* 靺鞨 (Mòhé)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò, hé (mo$^4$, he$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ, ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maat$^3$ / hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maat$^3$ / hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
*** Yale: maat / hot / hoht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maat$^8$ / hot$^8$ / hot$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mad$^3$ / hod$^3$ / hod$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/

#### Definitions

鞨
* Only used in 鞨巾.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shé (she$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shé
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shé
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^2$
*** Yale: shé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
*** Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: zyet
Rime :
| Character | 鞨 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食列切 |
| Baxter | zyet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljad/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鞨 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 5045 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 舌 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢljad/ |

#### Definitions

鞨
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “鞨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がち (gachi)、ぜち (zechi)、ぜつ (zetsu)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu)、せつ (setsu)
* Kun: かわぐつ (kawagutsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

鞨 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鞨: Hán Nôm readings: hạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.