# 冀

| 冀 | U+5180, &#20864; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5180 |
| ← 兿 [U+517F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冁 → [U+5181] |
| 冀 | U+FA75, &#64117; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA75 |
| ← 充 [U+FA74] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 勇 → [U+FA76] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冀 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 中心田廿金 (LPWTC), four-corner 1180$_1$, composition ⿱北異)

#### Derived characters

* 懻, 𱩿, 𪴗, 𥜥, 𭿮, 䆊, 䙫, 𮣪, 驥, 骥, 𬵷, 𲎎, 𧃞, 𢋸, 𨷨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1500
* Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5180
* Unihan data for U+FA75

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冀 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb12627b12628Small seal scripts05950Transcribed ancient scriptsL20221L20222L20223L20224L20225L35864L35865L20215L20216L20217L20218L20219L20220 |||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||
| | Old Chinese |
| 冀 | *krɯls |
| 驥 | *krɯls |
| 懻 | *krɯls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯls): semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kei$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kì
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kei$^3$
*** Yale: kei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kéi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰei̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
*** Tâi-lô: kì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kijH
Rime :
| Character | 冀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 几利切 |
| Baxter | kijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ki$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]rə[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]rə[t]-s/ (dial. < *[k]rək-s ?) |
| English | hope |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5852 |
| Phonetic component | 冀 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冀 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯls/ |

### Definitions

冀
* (literary) to look forward to; to hope for; to wish
       shìmín jì jiǎnshào jiāotōng shíjiān [Pinyin]
       Citizen(s) hope(s) for reduced travel time
       yìyuán jì diàojié jīngjì yuánzhù cuòshī [Pinyin]
       Lawmaker(s) hope(s) for regulating financial aid measures
    From: 3rd century BC, 韓非 (Han Fei), 守株待兔 (“Guarding Tree Stump to Wait For Rabbit”)
    Yīn shì qí lěi ér shǒu zhū, jì fù dé tù. [Pinyin]
    Thereupon [the farmer] laid aside his plow and [took up] watching the stump, hoping that he will get another rabbit [in the same way].
    From: Western Han, 禮記 (Lǐjì) (Book of Rites), 大戴禮記/曾子立事 (“Da Dai Liji/Zengzi about the correct serving [one's superiors]”)
    Jūnzǐ yì zé yǒu cháng, shàn zé yǒu lín; jiàn qí yī, jì qí èr; jiàn qí xiǎo, jì qí dà; gǒu yǒu dé yān, yì bù qiú yíng yú rén yě. [Pinyin]
    A gentleman's righteousness will bring habit, and his kindness will bring neighborhood; when he sees one, he hopes for two; when he sees small, he hopes for big; even if he has virtue, he does not seek for abundance from others.
* Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).
    From: Warring States, 列禦寇 (Lie Yukou), 列子 (古籍) (Liezi), 列子/湯問篇
    Zìshì, jì zhī nán, hàn zhī yīn, wú lǒng duàn yān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname

### Compounds

* 冀北
* 冀圖 / 冀图
* 冀州 (Jìzhōu)
* 冀望 (jìwàng)
* 冀求
* 冀馬 / 冀马
* 可冀
* 希冀 (xījì)
* 無冀 / 无冀 (wújì)
* 非冀
* 馬空冀北 / 马空冀北

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: こいねがう (koinegau, 冀う)、こいねがわくは (koinegawakuha, 冀わくは)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 冀
* き Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kijH).

### Affix

冀(き) • (ki)
* hope for, look forward to, wish

#### Derived terms

* 冀(き)願(がん) (kigan, “wish”)
* 冀(き)求(きゅう) (kikyū)
* 冀(き)幸(こう) (kikō)
* 冀図(きと) (kito)
* 冀(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)

### Proper noun

冀(き) • (Ki)
* (historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province
* Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province

#### Derived terms

* 冀(き)察(さつ)政権(せいけん) (Kisatsu Seiken)
* 冀(き)察(さつ)政(せい)務(む)委(い)員(いん)会(かい) (Kisatsu Seimu Īnkai)
* 冀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)
* 冀(き)北(ほく) (Kihoku)
* 冀(き)東(とう)政権(せいけん) (Kitō Seiken)
* 冀(き)東(とう)防(ぼう)共(きょう)自(じ)治(ち)政(せい)府(ふ) (Kitō Bōkyō Jichiseifu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kijH).

### Hanja

Wikisource 冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“to hope; to wish”)

#### Compounds

* 기도 (冀圖, gido)
* 기망 (冀望, gimang)
* 기원 (冀願, giwon)
* 기주 (冀州, Giju)
* 요기 (徼冀, yogi)
* 행기 (幸冀, haenggi)
* 희기 (希冀, huigi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冀: Hán Nôm readings: kí
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.