# 懼

| 懼 | U+61FC, &#25084; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FC |
| ← 懻 [U+61FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懽 → [U+61FD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懼 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 心月山土 (PBUG), four-corner 9601$_4$, composition ⿰忄瞿)

#### Derived characters

* 𭟨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 43
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11488
* Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2371, character 7
* Unihan data for U+61FC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 瞿 | *kʷas, *ɡʷa |
| 衢 | *ɡʷa |
| 氍 | *ɡʷa |
| 癯 | *ɡʷa |
| 蠷 | *ɡʷa |
| 臞 | *ɡʷa, *ɡʷas |
| 欋 | *ɡʷa |
| 鸜 | *ɡʷa |
| 灈 | *ɡʷa |
| 躣 | *ɡʷa |
| 忂 | *ɡʷa |
| 戵 | *ɡʷa |
| 鑺 | *ɡʷa |
| 懼 | *ɡʷas |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jù (ju$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi$^6$ / geoi$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kū / kī / khū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$jiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^4$
*** Yale: jyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^6$ / geoi$^2$
*** Yale: geuih / géui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^6$ / goey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^6$ / gêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯²²/, /kɵy̯³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /køy²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ky²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
*** Tâi-lô: kū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ku
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
*** Tâi-lô: kī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
*** Tâi-lô: khū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qu
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jiu
*** MiniDict: jiu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑy²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑy²³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑy¹¹³/
* Middle Chinese: gjuH
Rime :
| Character | 懼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 其遇切 |
| Baxter | gjuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡio$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡio$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /guə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡio$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gju$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/ |
| English | fear (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7151 |
| Phonetic component | 瞿 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 懼 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷas/ |

### Definitions

懼
* to fear; to be afraid
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
    It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
* to scare; to frighten

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 害怕, 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 害怕, 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 害怕, 發毛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 怕, 害怕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 害怕, 怕, 打怵 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 害怕, 怵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 害怕, 怕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 驚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 害怕, 怕, 怯火 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 嫌怕, 打怵 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 害怕, 嚇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 害怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嚇不過, 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 害怕, 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 害怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 慌 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 嚇怕, 怕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 怕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 驚, 怕, 慌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 好怕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 驚, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 慌, 怕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huancheng) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nanlang) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Henglan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongfeng) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nantou) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Fusha) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shalang) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Gangkou) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huangpu) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Sanjiao) | 狂, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Minzhong) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Guzhen) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Banfu) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanzhou) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 驚, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 怕, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 怕 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 怕 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 好狂 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 怕, 驚, 畏 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 驚 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 驚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 驚 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Changting | 怕 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 怕 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 嚇 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 怕 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 怕 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 怕 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 狂, 驚 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 狂 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 驚 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 怕, 嚇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 害怕, 怕 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 著怕, 怕 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 畏 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 嚇 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 嚇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 驚惶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 嚇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 驚, 畏 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 驚, 畏 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 驚 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 驚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 驚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 驚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 驚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狂, 怕 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 嚇 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 怕 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 光 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 怕, 畏怯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 怕 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 怕 |

### Compounds

* 兇懼 / 凶惧
* 勇者不懼 / 勇者不惧
* 季常之懼 / 季常之惧
* 怖懼 / 怖惧 (bùjù)
* 怕懼 / 怕惧 (pàjù)
* 恐惶悚懼 / 恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
* 恇懼 / 恇惧
* 恐懼 / 恐惧 (kǒngjù)
* 恐懼不安 / 恐惧不安 (kǒngjùbù'ān)
* 恐懼症 / 恐惧症 (kǒngjùzhèng)
* 悚懼 / 悚惧 (sǒngjù)
* 愁懼兼心 / 愁惧兼心
* 慄慄危懼 / 栗栗危惧
* 憂懼 / 忧惧 (yōujù)
* 懼內 / 惧内 (jùnèi)
* 懼刀避劍 / 惧刀避剑
* 懼怕 / 惧怕 (jùpà)
* 懼怯 / 惧怯 (jùquè)
* 懼然 / 惧然
* 懼罪 / 惧罪
* 懼色 / 惧色
* 懼高症 / 惧高症
* 戒懼 / 戒惧 (jièjù)
* 敬懼 / 敬惧
* 毫無所懼 / 毫无所惧
* 無所畏懼 / 无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
* 猜懼 / 猜惧
* 畏懼 / 畏惧 (wèijù)
* 疑懼 / 疑惧 (yíjù)
* 聳懼 / 耸惧
* 臨事以懼 / 临事以惧
* 臨事而懼 / 临事而惧
* 臨危不懼 / 临危不惧
* 臨難不懼 / 临难不惧 (línnànbùjù)
* 荷懼 / 荷惧
* 誠惶誠懼 / 诚惶诚惧
* 震懼 / 震惧
* 驚懼 / 惊惧 (jīngjù)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* fear
* overawed

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: く (ku)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 懼れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懼: Hán Nôm readings: cụ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.