# 追奔逐北
## Chinese

| | | pursue (a problem); to chase | go to; towards; to hurry or rushgo to; towards; to hurry or rush; to run quickly; to elope | to pursue; to chase; individuallyto pursue; to chase; individually; one by one | north |
| trad. (追奔逐北) | trad. (追奔逐北) | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| simp. $^#$(追奔逐北) | simp. $^#$(追奔逐北) | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |

### Etymology

During the Han dynasty, the biggest enemy is Xiongnu, fleeing northwards. Hence its synonym 追亡逐北 as well as 敗北 / 败北 (bàiběi, “to lose”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuībēnzhúběi
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄟ ㄅㄣ ㄓㄨˊ ㄅㄟˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuībēnzhúběi
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ ㄅㄣ ㄓㄨˊ ㄅㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhueibenjhúběi
*** Wade–Giles: chui$^1$-pên$^1$-chu$^2$-pei$^3$
*** Yale: jwēi-bēn-jú-běi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jueibenjwubeei
*** Palladius: чжуйбэньчжубэй (čžujbɛnʹčžubɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ pən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Middle Chinese: trwij pwon drjuwk pok
Rime :
| Character | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 幫 (1) | 澄 (11) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (18) | 魂 (55) | 屋 (4) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | III | I |
| Fanqie | 陟隹切 | 博昆切 | 直六切 | 博墨切 |
| Baxter | trwij | pwon | drjuwk | pok |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiuɪ/ | /puən/ | /ɖɨuk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʷᵚi/ | /puon/ | /ɖiuk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuɪ/ | /puən/ | /ȡiuk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjwi/ | /pwən/ | /ɖuwk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjui/ | /puən/ | /ȡiuk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶwi/ | /puən/ | /ȡĭuk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶwi/ | /puən/ | /ȡʱi̯uk̚/ | /pək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuī | bēn | zhú | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^1$ | bun$^1$ | zuk$^6$ | bak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truj pˤur [l]riwk pˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tul pɯːn l'ɯwɢ pɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuī | bēn | zhú | běi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trwij › | ‹ pwon › | ‹ drjuwk › | ‹ pok › |
| Old Chinese | /*truj/ | /*pˁur/ | /*[l]riwk/ | /*pˁək/ |
| English | pursue | run (v.) | pursue | north |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17739 | 440 | 17596 | 414 |
| Phonetic component | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| Rime group | 微 | 文 | 覺 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 追 | 奔 | 逐 | 北 |
| Old Chinese | /*tul/ | /*pɯːn/ | /*l'ɯwɢ/ | /*pɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文以師旅奔走追擊會意， 本非形聲字 | | | |

### Idiom

追奔逐北
* to pursue and attack a routed enemy
    From: circa early 1st century B.C.E., Li Ling,《答蘇武書》, translation based on Herbert A. Giles's work, 1922.
    Yǐ wǔqiān zhī zhòng, duì shíwàn zhī jūn, cè pífá zhī bīng, dāng xīn jī zhī mǎ. Rán yóu zhǎnjiāngqiānqí, zhuībēnzhúběi, mièjì sǎochén, zhǎn qí xiāoshuài. [Pinyin]
    With five thousand men I stood opposed to a hundred thousand: mine jaded foot soldiers, theirs horsemen fresh from the stable. Yet we slew their leaders, and captured their standards, and drove them back in confusion towards the north. We obliterated their very traces, swept them off like dust, and even beheaded their general.

#### Synonyms

* 追亡逐北 (zhuīwángzhúběi)