# proletariat
## English
### Etymology

From French prolétariat (“proletariats as a class; state of being a proletariat”), from Latin prōlētārius (“belonging to the lowest class of citizens, whose only contribution to the state was their offspring; member of this class”) + French -at (suffix denoting actions or the results of actions). Prōlētārius is derived from prōlēs (“offspring, posterity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, or forming nouns denoting agents of use from other nouns); prōlēs is from pro- (prefix meaning ‘bringing forth or into being; bringing into the open’) + *olēs (a variant of *oleō (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/
* (General American) enPR: prō'lĭ-târʹē-ət, IPA: /ˌpɹoʊ.lɪˈtɛɚ.i.ət/
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Hyphenation: pro‧le‧ta‧ri‧at

### Noun

proletariat (plural proletariats)
* (often derogatory, also figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.
    Synonym: proletary
* (Marxism) Wage earners collectively; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie (“the capital-owning class”).
    Synonyms: proletarian, proletary, prole
    Antonym: bourgeoisie
    Coordinate term: salariat
** 1848 February, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels], “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party. […], 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, published 1898, →OCLC, page 27:Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.
* (chiefly Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.
    Synonyms: proletarian, proletary

#### Alternative forms

* proletariate

#### Derived terms

* cognitariat
* dictatorship of the proletariat
* neo-proletariat
* precariat
* prole
* semiproletariat

#### Related terms

* proles (rare)
* proletaire (archaic)
* proletairism (archaic)
* proletarian
* proletarianisation, proletarianization
* proletarianise, proletarianize
* proletarianism
* proletarianly
* proletarisation, proletarization
* proletarised, proletarized (adjective)
* proletarise, proletarize (rare)
* proletary (archaic)
* proletkult
* prolicidal
* prolicide

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “proletariat, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “proletariat, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* proletariat on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* reptatorial

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пролетариа́т (proletariát), from French prolétariat.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

proletariat (definite accusative proletariatı, plural proletariatlar)
* proletariat

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “proletariat” in Obastan.com.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch proletariaat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /prolətaˈriat/ [pro.lə.t̪aˈri.at̪̚]
* Syllabification: pro‧le‧ta‧ri‧at

### Noun

prolêtariat (plural proletariat-proletariat)
* proletariat (lowest class of society)
* proletariat (wage-earners collectively)

### Further reading

* proletariat on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{id}$
* “proletariat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French prolétariat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɔ.lɛˈta.rjat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arjat
* Syllabification: pro‧le‧ta‧riat
* Homophone: Proletariat

### Noun

proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)
* (collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)
* (Ancient Rome, collective, historical) proletariat (lowest class of citizens in Rome)

#### Derived terms

* Proletariat
* proletaryzacja
* proletaryzm

#### Related terms

* proletariackość
* proletariatczyk
* proletariusz
* proletariuszka
* proletaryzować impf
* sproletaryzować pf

### Further reading

* proletariat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* proletariat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* proletariat in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French prolétariat.

### Noun

proletariat n (uncountable)
* proletariat

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Noun

proletariat n
* proletariat

#### See also

* proletär (“proletarian”)
* utsugare (“exploiter”)

### References

* proletariat in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* proletariat in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* proletariat in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)