# 繼

| 繼 | U+7E7C, &#32380; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E7C |
| ← 繻 [U+7E7B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 繽 → [U+7E7D] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 繼 |
| Shinjitai | 継 |
| Simplified | 继 |

### Han character

繼 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 女火女女戈 (VFVVI), four-corner 2291$_3$, composition ⿰糹㡭)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 941, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27997
* Dae Jaweon: page 1381, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3464, character 13
* Unihan data for U+7E7C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 繼 :
| Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 繼 | *keːɡs |
| 檵 | *keːɡs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *keːɡs): semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 㡭 (jì).
The original form may have depicted four 幺 (“silk”).

### Etymology

According to Schuessler 2007, originally the same word as 係 (OC *keːɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gai$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ki
    (Hailu, HRS): gi$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gai$^3$
*** Yale: gai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gié
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ke⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè
*** Tâi-lô: kè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kì
*** Sinological IPA : /ki²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ji$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kejH
Rime :
| Character | 繼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古詣切 |
| Baxter | kejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kiei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[e]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*keːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 繼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁ[e]-s/ |
| English | continue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 繼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5859 |
| Phonetic component | 繼 |
| Rime group | 賜 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 計 |
| Old Chinese | /*keːɡs/ |

### Definitions

繼
* to continue; to maintain; to carry on; to follow
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gǒu xìn bù jì, méng wúyì yě. [Pinyin]
    If there be not the appendage of good faith, covenants are of no use.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Wú wén zhī yě, jūnzǐ zhōu jí bù jì fù. [Pinyin]
    I have heard that 'a superior man helps the distressed, but does not add to the wealth of the rich'.
* to inherit and carry on; to succeed
    繼承／继承 ― jìchéng ― to inherit
    繼位／继位 ― jìwèi ― to succeed to the throne; to inherit the throne
    From: Liu Zongyuan,《封建論》On Investiture, 9th century CE (translated by Nolan Bensen)
    Jīn fú fēngjiàn zhě, jì shì ér lǐ. Jì shì ér lǐ zhě, shàng guǒ xián hū? Xià guǒ bùxiào hū? Zé shēngrén zhī lǐluàn, wèikě zhī yě. [Pinyin]
    Our present investitures, they practice government through inheritance. Those who inherit the right to govern, in the end can they be [expected to be] virtuous? When it comes down to it are they not unworthy? If so then we cannot yet know whether humanity will be governed or thrown into turmoil.
* follow-up; ensuing; following
* immediately afterward; right afterward; soon after
* a surname, Ji

#### Synonyms

* (to continue):
* 不休 (bùxiū)
* 不倒 (bùdǎo) (literary)
* 不停 (bùtíng)
* 不已 (bùyǐ)
* 不斷 / 不断 (bùduàn)
* 不迭 (bùdié)
* 延延 (yányán) (literary)
* 延續 / 延续 (yánxù)
* 持續 / 持续 (chíxù)
* 接 (jiē)
* 接續 / 接续 (jiēxù)
* 秉承 (bǐngchéng)
* 繼承 / 继承 (jìchéng)
* 繼續 / 继续 (jìxù)
* (to inherit): 承續／承续 (chéngxù)
* (follow-up): (attributive) 後續／后续 (hòuxù)

#### Compounds

* 三餐不繼 / 三餐不继
* 不繼 / 不继
* 中繼站 / 中继站
* 代位繼承 / 代位继承
* 以夜繼日 / 以夜继日
* 以日繼夜 / 以日继夜
* 入繼 / 入继 (rùjì)
* 共同繼承 / 共同继承
* 出繼 / 出继
* 前仆後繼 / 前仆后继 (qiánpūhòujì)
* 前家後繼 / 前家后继
* 前赴後繼 / 前赴后继 (qiánfùhòujì)
* 周急繼乏 / 周急继乏
* 夜以繼日 / 夜以继日 (yèyǐjìrì)
* 夜以繼晝 / 夜以继昼
* 存亡繼絕 / 存亡继绝
* 平均繼承 / 平均继承
* 張繼 / 张继
* 後繼 / 后继 (hòujì)
* 後繼乏人 / 后继乏人
* 後繼乏力 / 后继乏力
* 後繼有人 / 后继有人
* 後繼無人 / 后继无人 (hòujìwúrén)
* 後繼無力 / 后继无力
* 應繼分 / 应继分
* 承繼 / 承继 (chéngjì)
* 日以繼夜 / 日以继夜 (rìyǐjìyè)
* 比肩繼踵 / 比肩继踵 (bǐjiānjìzhǒng)
* 無以為繼 / 无以为继 (wúyǐwéijì)
* 焚膏繼晷 / 焚膏继晷 (féngāojìguǐ)
* 燃膏繼晷 / 燃膏继晷 (rángāojìguǐ)
* 相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
* 箕裘相繼 / 箕裘相继
* 糧不繼日 / 粮不继日
* 絕長繼短 / 绝长继短
* 繼任 / 继任 (jìrèn)
* 繼位 / 继位 (jìwèi)
* 繼嗣 / 继嗣 (jìsì)
* 繼天立極 / 继天立极
* 繼女 / 继女 (jìnǚ)
* 繼妻 / 继妻
* 繼子 / 继子 (jìzǐ)
* 繼室 / 继室 (jìshì)
* 繼往開來 / 继往开来 (jìwǎngkāilái)
* 繼志 / 继志
* 繼志述事 / 继志述事
* 繼承 / 继承 (jìchéng)
* 繼承人 / 继承人 (jìchéngrén)
* 繼承權 / 继承权
* 繼承法 / 继承法 (jìchéngfǎ)
* 繼晷焚膏 / 继晷焚膏 (jìguǐféngāo)
* 繼業 / 继业
* 繼武 / 继武
* 繼母 / 继母 (jìmǔ)
* 繼父 / 继父 (jìfù)
* 繼絆 / 继绊
* 繼統 / 继统 (jìtǒng)
* 繼絕 / 继绝
* 繼絕存亡 / 继绝存亡
* 繼絕扶傾 / 继绝扶倾
* 繼絕興亡 / 继绝兴亡
* 繼續 / 继续 (jìxù)
* 繼而 / 继而 (jì'ér)
* 繼親 / 继亲
* 繼踵 / 继踵
* 繼踵而至 / 继踵而至
* 繼軌 / 继轨
* 繼述 / 继述
* 繼配 / 继配
* 繼電器 / 继电器 (jìdiànqì)
* 繼體 / 继体
* 興亡繼絕 / 兴亡继绝
* 興廢繼絕 / 兴废继绝
* 興微繼絕 / 兴微继绝
* 興滅繼絕 / 兴灭继绝
* 舳艫相繼 / 舳舻相继
* 被繼承人 / 被继承人 (bèijìchéngrén)
* 覆車繼軌 / 覆车继轨
* 踵繼 / 踵继
* 過繼 / 过继 (guòjì)
* 間斷不繼 / 间断不继
* 難乎為繼 / 难乎为继 (nánhūwéijì)
* 難以為繼 / 难以为继 (nányǐwéijì)
* 音問相繼 / 音问相继
* 饔飧不繼 / 饔飧不继
* 首尾相繼 / 首尾相继

### References

* “繼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 継 |
| Kyūjitai | 繼 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 継)
* acquire by birthright
* follow in someone's footsteps or position
* (clothes) patch
* (be) grafted into a tree

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: つぐ (tsugu, 繼ぐ)、まま (mama)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 繼
* つぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 繼 – see the following entry: つぎ
(The following entry is uncreated: つぎ.)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 繼
* まま Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 繼 – see the following entry: まま
(The following entry is uncreated: まま.)

## Korean
### Hanja

繼 (eumhun 이을 계 (ieul gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“continue, persist”)
* hanja form of 계 (“inherit”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

繼: Hán Nôm readings: kế
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.