# 重複
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chóngfù
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^4$ fuk$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-fu̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): ciung fug$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiông-hok / tiông-ho̍k / tiōng-ho̍k / têng-hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêng$^5$ hog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chóngfù
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chóngfù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^2$-fu$^4$
*** Yale: chúng-fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chorngfuh
*** Palladius: чунфу (čunfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ fu⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$重復 / 重复 重複 / 重复
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^4$ fuk$^1$
*** Yale: chùhng fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^4$ fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^4$ fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ fʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-fu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiung$^ˇ$ fug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiung$^2$ fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ fuk̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciung fug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiuŋ⁵⁵ fuk²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-hok
*** Tâi-lô: tiông-hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dionghog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-ho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tiông-ho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dionghok
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² hɔk̚⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng-ho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tiōng-ho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioxnghok
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng-hok
*** Tâi-lô: tîng-hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: denghog
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dêng$^5$ hog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: têng ho̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /teŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚⁴/

### Verb

重複
* to recur; to repeat (itself)
* to repeat (something); to duplicate
** 1996, Forbidden City Cop:
       wai$^6$ zo$^2$ ling$^6$ daai$^6$ gaa$^1$ nang$^4$ gau$^3$ tai$^2$ zan$^1$ haa$^2$, ngo$^5$ dei$^6$ zoeng$^1$ wui$^5$ jat$^1$ lin$^4$ ng$^5$ maan$^5$ bat$^1$ tyun$^5$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ jau$^6$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ seng$^4$ go$^3$ gaai$^2$ pau$^2$ gwo$^3$ cing$^4$, mou$^6$ kau$^4$ ling$^6$ dou$^{3-2}$ daai$^6$ gaa$^1$ nang$^4$ gau$^3$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ jau$^6$ cung$^4$ fuk$^1$ gam$^2$ heoi$^3$ tai$^2$ zan$^1$ di$^1$ ga$^3$ ze$^1$. [Jyutping]
       To allow everyone to be able to have a closer look, we will repeat, repeat, and repeat the entire dissection process for five consecutive nights, so as to ensure everyone can repeatedly, repeatedly, and repeatedly examine it more closely.

#### Synonyms

* (to recur): 反覆 (fǎnfù)
* (to repeat): 疊／叠 (dié)

#### Derived terms

* 重複使力傷害 / 重复使力伤害 (chóngfù shǐlì shānghài)
* 重複性 / 重复性 (chóngfùxìng)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 重 | 複 |
| ちょう Grade: 3 | ふく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Noun

重(ちょう)複(ふく) • (chōfuku)
* duplication

#### Verb

重(ちょう)複(ふく)する • (chōfuku suru) suru (stem 重(ちょう)複(ふく)し (chōfuku shi), past 重(ちょう)複(ふく)した (chōfuku shita))
* duplicate

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 重複し | ちょうふくし | chōfuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 重複し | ちょうふくし | chōfuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 重複する | ちょうふくする | chōfuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 重複する | ちょうふくする | chōfuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 重複すれ | ちょうふくすれ | chōfuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 重複せよ¹ 重複しろ² | ちょうふくせよ¹ ちょうふくしろ² | chōfuku seyo¹ chōfuku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 重複される | ちょうふくされる | chōfuku sareru |
| Causative | 重複させる 重複さす | ちょうふくさせる ちょうふくさす | chōfuku saseru chōfuku sasu |
| Potential | 重複できる | ちょうふくできる | chōfuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 重複しよう | ちょうふくしよう | chōfuku shiyō |
| Negative | 重複しない | ちょうふくしない | chōfuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 重複せず | ちょうふくせず | chōfuku sezu |
| Formal | 重複します | ちょうふくします | chōfuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 重複した | ちょうふくした | chōfuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 重複して | ちょうふくして | chōfuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 重複すれば | ちょうふくすれば | chōfuku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 重 | 複 |
| じゅう Grade: 3 | ふく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Noun

重(じゅう)複(ふく) • (jūfuku)
* duplication

#### Verb

重(じゅう)複(ふく)する • (jūfuku suru) suru (stem 重(じゅう)複(ふく)し (jūfuku shi), past 重(じゅう)複(ふく)した (jūfuku shita))
* duplicate

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 重複し | じゅうふくし | jūfuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 重複し | じゅうふくし | jūfuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 重複する | じゅうふくする | jūfuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 重複する | じゅうふくする | jūfuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 重複すれ | じゅうふくすれ | jūfuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 重複せよ¹ 重複しろ² | じゅうふくせよ¹ じゅうふくしろ² | jūfuku seyo¹ jūfuku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 重複される | じゅうふくされる | jūfuku sareru |
| Causative | 重複させる 重複さす | じゅうふくさせる じゅうふくさす | jūfuku saseru jūfuku sasu |
| Potential | 重複できる | じゅうふくできる | jūfuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 重複しよう | じゅうふくしよう | jūfuku shiyō |
| Negative | 重複しない | じゅうふくしない | jūfuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 重複せず | じゅうふくせず | jūfuku sezu |
| Formal | 重複します | じゅうふくします | jūfuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 重複した | じゅうふくした | jūfuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 重複して | じゅうふくして | jūfuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 重複すれば | じゅうふくすれば | jūfuku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||