# 愴

| 愴 | U+6134, &#24884; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6134 |
| ← 愳 [U+6133] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 愵 → [U+6135] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愴 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心人戈口 (POIR), four-corner 9806$_7$, composition ⿰忄倉)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 396, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11008
* Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2338, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6134

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 愴 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuàng (chuang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: chwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^3$
*** Yale: chong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsrhjangH
Rime :
| Character | 愴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 初亮切 |
| Baxter | tsrhjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1144 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剏 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraŋs/ |

#### Definitions

愴
* (literary) sad; sorrowful
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 滄 / 沧 (cāng, “cold”)

#### Compounds

* 悄愴 / 悄怆
* 惋愴 / 惋怆
* 悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng)
* 悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng)
* 惻愴 / 恻怆
* 愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 感愴 / 感怆
* 愴地呼天 / 怆地呼天
* 愴天呼地 / 怆天呼地
* 愴恍 / 怆恍
* 愴悢 / 怆悢 (chuàngliàng)
* 愴惻 / 怆恻
* 愴惶 / 怆惶
* 愴慌 / 怆慌
* 愴愴 / 怆怆
* 愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán)
* 愴然垂首 / 怆然垂首
* 慘愴 / 惨怆
* 酸愴 / 酸怆

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuǎng (chuang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^3$
*** Yale: chwǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choang
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^2$
*** Yale: chóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsrhjangX
Rime :
| Character | 愴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 初兩切 |
| Baxter | tsrhjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1142 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 磢 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

愴
* Only used in 愴怳／怆怳 (chuǎnghuǎng).

### References

* “愴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sad, pathetic

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: いたむ (itamu, 愴む)

## Korean
### Hanja

愴 (eum 창 (chang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

愴: Hán Nôm readings: sảng, thương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation