# 鐙

| 鐙 | U+9419, &#37913; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9419 |
| ← 鐘 [U+9418] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鐚 → [U+941A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鐙 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 金弓人廿 (CNOT), four-corner 8211$_8$, composition ⿰釒登)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1323, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40904
* Dae Jaweon: page 1822, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4260, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9419

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 登 | *tɯːŋ |
| 璒 | *tɯːŋ |
| 燈 | *tɯːŋ |
| 簦 | *tɯːŋ |
| 蹬 | *tɯːŋ, *dɯːŋs |
| 磴 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ |
| 鐙 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs |
| 嶝 | *tɯːŋs |
| 隥 | *tɯːŋs |
| 橙 | *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 凳 | *tɯːŋs |
| 墱 | *tɯːŋs |
| 鼟 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 膯 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 澄 | *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ |
| 鄧 | *dɯːŋs |
| 僜 | *dɯːŋs, *tʰɯŋ |
| 覴 | *tʰɯŋs |
| 瞪 | *dɯŋ, *dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 憕 | *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ |
| 撜 | *tjɯŋʔ |
| 證 | *tjɯŋs |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dèng (deng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dèng
*** Wade–Giles: têng$^4$
*** Yale: dèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: denq
*** Palladius: дэн (dɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dang$^3$
*** Yale: dang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dang$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tongH
Rime :
| Character | 鐙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都鄧切 |
| Baxter | tongH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /təŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dang$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐙 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2177 |
| Phonetic component | 登 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嶝 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

鐙
* stirrup

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dēng (deng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: deng
*** Wade–Giles: têng$^1$
*** Yale: dēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: deng
*** Palladius: дэн (dɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dang$^1$
*** Yale: dāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-tˤəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鐙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tong › |
| Old Chinese | /*k-tˁəŋ/ |
| English | ritual vessel; lamp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 2175 |
| Phonetic component | 登 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

鐙
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 燈 / 灯 (“lamp; oil lamp”)

### Compounds

* 執鞭墜鐙 / 执鞭坠镫
* 執鞭隨鐙 / 执鞭随镫
* 截鐙留鞭 / 截镫留鞭
* 撥鐙法 / 拨镫法
* 明鐙 / 明镫
* 馬鐙 / 马镫 (mǎdèng)

### References

* “鐙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* stirrup

#### Readings

* Go-on: とう (tō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: あぶみ (abumi, 鐙)、たかつき (takatsuki)、ひともし (hitomoshi)
* Nanori: のぼる (noboru)

#### Compounds

* 鐙(とう)骨(こつ) (tōkotsu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鐙
* あぶみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
足(あ) (a, “foot”) + 踏(ふ)み (fumi, continuative form of 踏(ふ)む (fumu, “to step on”)). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あぶみ [àbúmí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠bɯ̟mʲi]

### Noun

鐙(あぶみ) • (abumi)
* stirrup
** 1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記‎, 青空文庫:
    低(ひく)い椽(えん)に腰(こし)を掛(か)けたような具(ぐ)合(あい)にごく鐙(あぶみ)の紐(ひも)を短(みじか)くして足(あし)を折(お)って乗(の)って居(い)る。
       Hikui en ni koshi o kaketa yō na guai ni goku abumi no himo o mijikaku shite ashi o otte notte iru.
       They ride with their stirrup straps very short and with their legs bent, in a manner like that of sitting on a low en.

#### Derived terms

* 足踏(あぶ)み板(いた) (abumiita)
* 鐙(あぶみ)頭(がしら) (abumigashira)
* 鐙(あぶみ)革(がわ) (abumigawa)
* 鐙(あぶみ)瓦(がわら) (abumigawara)
* 鐙(あぶみ)鍬(ぐわ) (abumiguwa)
* 鐙(あぶみ)骨(こつ) (abumikotsu)
* 鐙(あぶみ)摺(ずり) (abumizuri)
* 鐙(あぶみ)釣(つり) (abumitsuri)
* 内(うち)鐙(あぶみ) (uchiabumi)
* 加(か)賀(が)鐙(あぶみ) (Kaga abumi)
* 鏡(かがみ)鐙(あぶみ) (kagamiabumi)
* 籠(かご)鐙(あぶみ) (kagoabumi)
* 作(さく)の鐙(あぶみ) (saku no abumi)
* 舌(した)短(みじか)鐙(あぶみ) (shitamijika abumi)
* 舌(した)長(なが)鐙(あぶみ) (shitanaga abumi)
* 壺(つぼ)鐙(あぶみ) (tsuboabumi)
* 唐(とう)鐙(あぶみ) (tōabumi)
* 武(む)蔵(さし)鐙(あぶみ) (Musashi abumi)
* 鞭(むち)鐙(あぶみ) (muchiabumi)
* 諸(もろ)鐙(あぶみ) (moroabumi)
* 洋(よう)鐙(あぶみ) (yōabumi)
* 輪(わ)鐙(あぶみ) (waabumi)

#### See also

* 足(あし)踏(ぶ)み (ashibumi)

## Korean
### Hanja

鐙 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng, Yale tung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鐙: Hán Nôm readings: đăng, đâng, đặng, đáng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.