# rath
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Irish ráth.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɹɑːθ/
* (US) IPA: /ɹæθ/
* Rhymes: -ɑːθ, Rhymes: -æθ
* Homophone: wrath (some dialects)

#### Noun

rath (plural raths)
* (historical) A walled enclosure, especially in Ireland; a ringfort built sometime between the Iron Age and the Viking Age.
** 1907, James Woods, Annals of Westmeath, Ancient and Modern:There are numerous Danish raths in the parish.
** 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 1, in The Whisperer in Darkness:Those with Celtic legendry in their heritage—mainly the Scotch-Irish element of New Hampshire, and their kindred who had settled in Vermont on Governor Wentworth’s colonial grants—linked them vaguely with the malign fairies and “little people” of the bogs and raths, and protected themselves with scraps of incantation handed down through many generations.

##### Related terms

* Rathmines

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Hindi रथ (rath), from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).

#### Noun

rath (plural raths)
* A Burmese carriage of state.

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

rath (comparative more rath, superlative most rath)
* Alternative form of rathe.

### Anagrams

* Arth, HART, Hart, Thar, hart, tahr, thar

## Cornish
### Etymology

From Latin rattus. Cognate with Breton razh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹaːθ/

### Noun

rath f (plural rathes)
* rat
    Synonym: logojen vroas (Revived Late Cornish)

## German
### Verb

rath
* singular imperative of rathen

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish rath (“grace, virtue”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸratom (“grace, virtue, good fortune”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɾˠɑh/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /ɾˠa/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɾˠah/

### Noun

rath m (genitive singular ratha)
* (literary) bestowal, grant; grace, favour; gift, bounty
* prosperity
* abundance
* usefulness, good

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
rath
vocative
a rath
genitive
ratha
dative
rath
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an rath
genitive
an ratha
dative
leis an rath don rath :

#### Derived terms

* anrath (“ill-luck”)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “frato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 106, page 58

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “raṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 560
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rath”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “rath”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* rad, rat

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸratom (“grace, virtue, good fortune”), from the root of *ɸarnati (“bestow”) (whence ernaid), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“bestow, give”) (whence also Sanskrit पृणाक्ति (pṛṇā́kti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [r͈aθ]

### Noun

rath n (genitive raith)
* verbal noun of ernaid
* grace, virtue
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 33$^b$8
    Ní derlaicht⟨h⟩a a pecdæ doïb acht du·ratad dígal forru. Cenotad maic-si raith dano, má im·roimsid ní dílgibther dúib.Their sins have not been forgiven them, but punishment has been inflicted upon them. Though you pl, then, are children of grace, if you sin, you will not be forgiven.

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: rath
** Irish: rath

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “frato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “far-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* rað

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑθ/

### Noun

rath n
* wheel