# rus
## Translingual
### Symbol

rus
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Russian.

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch rusten, from Middle Dutch rusten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rœs/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

rus (present rus, present participle rustende, past participle gerus)
* to rest
    Ek sal nie rus nie. ― I shall not rest.

## Albanian
### Adjective

rus (feminine ruse)
* Russian
    gjuha ruse ― the Russian language

#### Related terms

* Rusi
* rusisht

## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

rus (definite accusative rusu, plural ruslar)
* Russian (person)

#### Declension
### Adjective

rus (comparative daha rus, superlative ən rus)
* (in izafet II compounds) Russian (of, from, or pertaining to Russia)
    rus dili ― Russian language
    rus yazıçıları ― Russian writers

### Derived terms

* rusca (“in Russian”)
* rusdilli (“Russian-language; Russian-speaking, Russophone”)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈrus]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -us

### Adjective

rus (feminine russa, masculine plural russos, feminine plural russes)
* Russian (pertaining to Russia, to the Russian people, or to the Russian language)

#### Derived terms

* petit rus (“Ukrainian”)
* rus blanc (“Belorussian”)

### Noun

rus m (plural russos, feminine russa)
* Russian (an inhabitant of Russia or an ethnic Russian)

#### Derived terms

* petit rus (“Ukrainian”)
* rus blanc (“Belorussian”)

### Noun

rus m (uncountable)
* Russian (the Slavic language of the Russians)

### Noun

rus m (plural rusos)
* a long, thick overcoat

### Further reading

* “rus” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | рус |
| Roman | |

### Adjective

rus
* Russian

#### Derived terms

* rusça

### References

* “rus”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Dalmatian
### Alternative forms

* ruaz

### Etymology

From Latin radius. Compare Italian raggio, Romanian rază.

### Noun

rus m
* ray

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From an old Danish verb ruse, from Middle Low German rusen (“to rush”), itself from Old French ruser (“to drive back”), perhaps based on Latin rursus (“backwards”) or otherwise recusare (“to reject, refuse”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruːs/, [ʁuːˀs]

#### Noun

rus c (singular definite rusen, plural indefinite ruse)
* intoxication
* ecstasy

##### Derived terms

* rusmiddel

##### Related terms

* stoffer

### Etymology 2

Maybe an abbreviaton of Latin depositurus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rus/, [ʁus]

#### Noun

rus c (singular definite russen, plural indefinite russer)
* freshman, first-year student

##### Inflection
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: rus
* Rhymes: -ʏs

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rusch, rosch, from Old Dutch *rusk. The Juncaceae plants may constitute a parallel etymology, all ultimately deriving from Proto-West Germanic *ruskijā.

#### Noun

rus m (plural russen, diminutive rusje n)
* a sod, turf of soil, grass, reed or other vegetation
* (botany) rush (Juncus, Luzula)
* (botany) sea thrift (Armeria maritima)

##### Alternative forms

* resch, risch, rosch, ruisch, rusch (all obsolete)

##### Synonyms

* (sod): plag, zode
* (sea thrift): Engels gras n

##### Derived terms

* Alpenrus
* bosrus
* draadrus
* dwergrus
* greppelrus
* koprus
* lidrus
* paddenrus
* pitrus
* rusachtig
* rusruiterskruid
* russenpol
* steenrus
* trekrus
* waterrus
* zeerus

### Etymology 2

From rechercheur.

#### Noun

rus m (plural russen, diminutive rusje n)
* (slang) police detective

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

rus
* Alternative form of ruis

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

rus m
* plural of ru

## Latin
### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Italic *rowos, from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁os (“open space, field”), from *rewh₁- (“to open, wide”). Cognate with Old Irish róe (“flat field”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵- (rauuah-, “open space”), English room.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ruːs/, [ruːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /rus/, [rus]

### Noun

rūs n (genitive rūris); third declension
* countryside, country, lands, fields
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.927–928:‘sarculā nunc dūrusque bidēns et vōmer aduncus, rūris opēs, niteant’‘‘Now the hoes and hard mattocks and the curved plowshare – wealth of the countryside – may they gleam.’’ (A prayer spoken by the Flamen Quirinalis during the Robigalia to propitiate the deity Robigo or Robigus and prevent agricultural diseases.)
* farm, estate
* village

#### Usage notes

* Genitive plural and dative/ablative/locative plural forms are unattested in Classical Latin.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem), with locative.
Locative used in the sense "in the country".

#### Derived terms

* rūrālis
* rūrestris
* rūs in urbe
* rūsticus

#### Descendants

* → Italian: rura (poetic)

### See also

* cīvitās
* oppidum
* urbs

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rūs, rūrīs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 531

### Further reading

* “rus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “rus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* rus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* rus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to make a pleasure-trip into the country: rus excurrere to live in the country: ruri vivere, rusticari to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

rus m (definite singular rusen, uncountable)
* The mental state of inebriation, intoxication, brought on by using alcohol or other drugs.

#### Derived terms

* rusmiddel

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rʉːs/

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rus m (definite singular rusen, indefinite plural rusar, definite plural rusane)
* intoxication (the state of being intoxicated or drunk)
* extreme joy, ecstasy

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rus
* imperative of rusa

### References

* “rus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Noun

rus m (invariable)
* (historical) Rus (Scandinavian settlers and merchants in Eastern Europe)

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* рус (rus) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian русь (rusʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrus/
* Rhymes: -us
* Hyphenation: rus

### Adjective

rus m or n (feminine singular rusă, masculine plural ruși, feminine and neuter plural ruse)
* Russian

#### Declension
### Noun

rus m (plural ruși, feminine equivalent rusoaică)
* Russian (person)
* (dialectal) cockroach

#### Derived terms

* rusă
* rusesc

#### Related terms

* Rusia

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rˠus̪/

### Noun

rus m (genitive singular ruis, no plural)
* rice (grain)
    Synonym: rìs

## Spanish
### Noun

rus m (plural rus)
* (historical) Rus (Scandinavian settlers and merchants in Eastern Europe, particularly in Kievan Rus')

#### Related terms

* Rus de Kiev

### Further reading

* “rus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

Deverbal from rusa (“rush”).

### Noun

rus n
* a mental state of intoxication brought on by alcohol or other drugs
    Hon kunde inte minnas vad han gjort under rusetShe couldn't remember what she had done while intoxicated
* a state of exhilaration, a rush
    De kände ett rus när deras lag gjorde målThey felt a rush when their team scored

#### Derived terms

* alkoholrus
* drogrus
* rusdryck
* rusmedel

#### Related terms

* berusad

### References

* rus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* rus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* rus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkmen
### Alternative forms

* рус (Cyrillic)

### Adjective

rus (comparative rusrak, superlative iň rus)
* Russian

### Noun

rus (definite accusative rusy, plural ruslar)
* Russian (person)

## Uzbek
### Adjective

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | рус‍ |
| Latin | ‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |
rus
* Russian

### Noun

rus (plural ruslar)
* Russian (person)