# 讞

| 讞 | U+8B9E, &#35742; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B9E |
| ← 讝 [U+8B9D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 讟 → [U+8B9F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

讞 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+20, 27 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜月大 (YRYBK), four-corner 0353$_4$, composition ⿰訁獻)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1188, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36170
* Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4034, character 7
* Unihan data for U+8B9E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 獻 | *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad |
| 甗 | *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans |
| 巘 | *ŋranʔ, *ŋanʔ |
| 讞 | *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, *ŋrad |
| 鬳 | *ŋans |
| 瓛 | *ɦŋʷaːn |
| 囐 | *sɡaːd |
| 齾 | *ŋaːd, *ŋraːd |
| 钀 | *ŋrad, *ŋad |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, *ŋrad): semantic 言 + phonetic 獻 (OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^6$ / jin$^5$ / jit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngien / ngian
    (Hailu, HRS): ngien$^˖$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^6$ / jin$^5$ / jit$^6$
*** Yale: yihn / yíhn / yiht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^6$ / jin$^5$ / jit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^6$ / yin$^5$ / yid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²²/, /jiːn¹³/, /jiːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngien
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngian
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngien$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋien³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
*** Tâi-lô: hiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngjenX, ngjet
Rime :
| Character | 讞 | 讞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 魚蹇切 | 魚列切 |
| Baxter | ngjenX | ngjet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiᴇn$^X$/ | /ŋˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiɛn$^X$/ | /ŋᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiæn$^X$/ | /ŋiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋian$^X$/ | /ŋiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjɛn$^X$/ | /ŋjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɛn$^X$/ | /ŋĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɛn$^X$/ | /ŋi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^5$ | jit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)ar-s/, /*ŋ(r)at/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋranʔ/, /*ŋrans/, /*ŋrad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 讞 | 讞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yàn | yàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjen$^H$ › | ‹ ngjet › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ(r)ar-s/ | /*ŋ(r)at/ |
| English | announce a verdict | announce a sentence (of a court) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 讞 | 讞 | 讞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 14455 | 14457 | 14465 |
| Phonetic component | 鬳 | 鬳 | 鬳 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 齴 | 彥 | 孼 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋranʔ/ | /*ŋrans/ | /*ŋrad/ |

### Definitions

讞
* to pronounce (guilty, etc.); to decide; to judge; to announce a verdict

### Compounds

* 定讞 / 定谳 (dìngyàn)
* 讞牘 / 谳牍
* 讞獄 / 谳狱
* 讞讞 / 谳谳

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B04768
* “讞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げつ (getsu)、げち (gechi)、げん (gen)
* Kun: さばく (sabaku)

## Korean
### Hanja

讞 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

讞: Hán Việt readings: nghiện, nghiễn
* chữ Hán form of nghiện (“judge, convict, declare guilty”).

#### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).