# già
## Italian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin iam (“already, now”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒa/$^*$, /ˈd͡ʒa/$^°$
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: già

### Adverb

già
* already, yet
    Synonyms: ormai, fin d'ora
* as early as
* former, ex-
    Synonym: ex-
    Via Montello (già Trento)Montello Street (formerly known as Trento Street)
    Mario Rossi, già ministro delle FinanzeMario Rossi, former Minister of Finance
* (informal) yes, yeah
* an expletive, a word that adds to the strength of a phrase without affecting its meaning and is usually left untranslated
    Non credo io già, che ve ne avrete a male.I do not think you will take offense.

#### Derived terms

* giacché
* giammai

### References

* ↑ già in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Further reading

* già in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* AGI, agi, agì, gai

## Middle Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* jà

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah.
Attested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
The Middle Vietnamese form ancestral to the modern Southern Vietnamese form, although technically unattested, should be phonologically identical to the Northern Middle Vietnamese form here. The modern Southern form is listed as a "descendant" in this entry for convenience.
The modern North Central form tra is not a reflex of this form, but from an earlier from that underwent a separate development of the onset.

### Adjective

già (𦓅, 𫅷)
* (living being) old
    ou᷄ già ― old man
    bà già ― old woman
    thân ou᷄ già bà già ― dear old man and woman
    già cả ― very old
    già nua ― very old
    rủ rỉ già cả ― old and decrepit
    già lẩn ― senile
    già móm ― old and toothless
    Càng già càng khôn.Wisdom increases with age.
    đến già ― to reach old age, to approach old age
* overripe, mature
    blái già ― overripe fruit
    tle già ― mature bamboo
    ngà già ― mature ivory
    bạc già ― old silver

#### Descendants

* Northern Vietnamese: già
* Southern Vietnamese: già

### See also

* già giẹt, già giệt

### References

* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “già”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “càng”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “đến”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “lẩn”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
* Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “móm”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (North Central Vietnam) tra

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră.
Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese già in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects. The modern North Central form descended from an unattested Middle Vietnamese form, which derived from an unattested non-Northern Old Vietnamese form.
The standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaː˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [jaː˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jaː˨˩]

### Adjective

già • (𦓅, 𫅷)
* (of lifeforms) old; compare cũ (of objects)
    nhường bước người già ― to make way for the elderly
    gà già thịt dai ― old chickens have leathery meat
    cây già ― old tree
* having the characteristics of appearances of an old person although not that old
    mặt già ― an old face (ie. with wrinkles)
    tìm một chị tiếng già để đóng vai bà lão ― to search for a woman with an old voice to voice the role of an old woman (ie. someone whose voice sounds like an old person)
    lo nghĩ nhiều nên già trước tuổi ― to worry too much and thus age too soon
* veteran, experienced, longtime
    thầy già ― veteran teacher
    Cậu ta là bạn già của mình. ― He is my old friend.
    Chưa đến bốn mươi nhưng đã già tuổi Đảng.Not even 40 years old but already a Party veteran.
* overripe
    cau già ― overripe areca nut
    bầu già ― overripe gourd
* above average, more than normal
    nước nóng già ― too-warm water
    dọa già dọa non ― to scare someone and make them give in
    nước ô-xi già ― hydrogen peroxide
* slightly excessive, over
    già một thước ― over by one meter
    lấy già một đấu ― scoop just over one dou

#### Antonyms

* trẻ

#### See also

* già cả
* già chát
* già cỗi
* già dặn
* già khằn
* già khọm
* già khú
* già khú đế
* già néo đứt dây
* già nua

#### See also

* cũ; lão

### Pronoun

già
* (literary or dialectal) Used to indicate one's contact with a village or tribe elder or the elderly
    Cám ơn già.Thank you, elder.
* (now rare) Used to refer to the elder sister of one's mother
    Synonym: bá

### Noun

già
* (familiar) elder, old person
* (card games) king

#### See also

Playing cards in Vietnamese · bài tây (layout · text) :
| át, xì | heo, hai | ba | bốn | năm | sáu | bảy |
| tám | chín | mười | bồi | đầm | già | phăng teo |

### References

* "già" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)

### Anagrams

* gài