# 認定
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rèndìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^6$ ding$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngin-thin
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): līn-tēng / jīn-tēng / līn-tiāⁿ / jīn-tiāⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ring$^7$ dian$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèndìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèndìng
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$-ting$^4$
*** Yale: rèn-dìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renndinq
*** Palladius: жэньдин (žɛnʹdin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^6$ ding$^6$
*** Yale: yihng dihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^6$ ding$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^6$ ding$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin-thin
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin tin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^4$ tin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ tʰin⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-tēng
*** Tâi-lô: līn-tīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixndeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin³³⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-tēng
*** Tâi-lô: jīn-tīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jixndeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²⁻²¹ tiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin³³⁻²¹ tiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-tiāⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: līn-tiānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixndvia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-tiāⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: jīn-tiānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jixndvia
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ring$^7$ dian$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jīng tiāⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziŋ¹¹ tĩã¹¹/

### Verb

認定
* to firmly believe; to maintain
* to confirm; to establish
* (business, law) to authorize; to approve
* (Vietnam) to think; to believe

#### Synonyms

* (to confirm):
* 指定 (zhǐdìng)
* 確定 / 确定 (quèdìng)
* 確認 / 确认 (quèrèn)
* (to authorize):
* 公證 / 公证 (gōngzhèng)
* 認證 / 认证 (rènzhèng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 認 | 定 |
| にん Grade: 6 | てい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にんてー [nìńtéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ĩnte̞ː]

### Noun

認(にん)定(てい) • (nintei)
* authorization

### Verb

認(にん)定(てい)する • (nintei suru) suru (stem 認(にん)定(てい)し (nintei shi), past 認(にん)定(てい)した (nintei shita))
* authorize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 認定し | にんていし | nintei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 認定し | にんていし | nintei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 認定する | にんていする | nintei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 認定する | にんていする | nintei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 認定すれ | にんていすれ | nintei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 認定せよ¹ 認定しろ² | にんていせよ¹ にんていしろ² | nintei seyo¹ nintei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 認定される | にんていされる | nintei sareru |
| Causative | 認定させる 認定さす | にんていさせる にんていさす | nintei saseru nintei sasu |
| Potential | 認定できる | にんていできる | nintei dekiru |
| Volitional | 認定しよう | にんていしよう | nintei shiyō |
| Negative | 認定しない | にんていしない | nintei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 認定せず | にんていせず | nintei sezu |
| Formal | 認定します | にんていします | nintei shimasu |
| Perfective | 認定した | にんていした | nintei shita |
| Conjunctive | 認定して | にんていして | nintei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 認定すれば | にんていすれば | nintei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 認 | 定 |

### Noun

認定 • (injeong) (hangeul 인정)
* hanja form of 인정 (“recognition; acknowledgment; authorisation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 認 | 定 |

### Verb

認定
* chữ Hán form of nhận định.