# گل
## Bakhtiari
### Alternative forms

* یل (yel), ل (el)

### Etymology

Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian گله.

### Suffix

گل (gel)
* A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.
    کرگل مین هونه بینkorgel meīne howne bīnThe boys were in the house

## Khalaj
### Noun

گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ, plural گُللار)
* Arabic spelling of gul (“flower”)

#### Declension
## Laki
### Noun

گل (gil)
* flower

## Mazanderani
### Etymology 1

Cognate to Classical Persian گرزه (garza, “rat”).

#### Noun

گل (gal)
* mouse

### Etymology 2

From Persian گل (gol). Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول (*vel).

#### Noun

گل (gël)
* flower

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡul]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡul̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥ol̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡul]
* Rhymes: -ol

#### Noun

| Dari | گُل |
| Iranian Persian | گُل |
| Tajik | гул |
گل • (gol) (plural گُل‌ها)
* flower
* (archaic, literary) rose
** 940-1020, فردوسی [firdawsī], شهنامه [šahnāma]:زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهارzan-i šēr az ān nāma-yi šahryār čū raxšanda-gul šud ba waqt-i bahār(please add an English translation of this quotation)(Classical Persian transliteration)
** 1325-1389, حافظ [hāfiz], دیوان حافظ [dēwān-i hāfiz]:صبحدم مرغ سحر با گل نوخاسته گفت ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفتsubhdam murğ-i čaman bā gul-i nawxāsta guft nāz kam kun ki dar īn bāğ basē čūn tū šukuft(please add an English translation of this quotation)(Classical Persian transliteration)
* the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)

##### Synonyms

* (rose): گل سرخ (gol-e sorx), رز (roz)

##### Derived terms

* ترگل (targol)
* نارگل (nârgol)
* نازگل (nâzgol)
* گل سرخ (gol-e sorx)
* گل و بلبل (gol-o-bolbol)
* گل کلم (gol-e kalam)
* گلاب (golâb)
* گلبرگ (golbarg)
* گلدان (goldân)
* گلزار (golzâr)
* گلستان (golestân)
* گلشن (golšan)
* گلپر (golpar)
* گلچه (golče)
* گلگون (gol-gun)
* گل‌کاری (gol-kâri)
* گل‌گلی (gol-goli)

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: جُلّ (jull)
* → Azerbaijani: gül
* → Bashkir: гөл (göl)
* → Bengali: গুল (gul)
* → Chagatai:
** > Uyghur: گۈل (gül) (inherited)
** > Uzbek: gul (inherited)
* → Gilaki: گل (gul)
* → Gujarati: ગુલ (gul)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: गुल (gul)
    Urdu: گل (gul)
* → Ishkashimi: gul
* → Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
* → Kazakh: гүл (gül)
* → Khalaj: gul
* → Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
* → Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ
* → Northern Kurdish: gul
* → Ottoman Turkish: گل (gül)
** Turkish: gül
** → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
** → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi) — Okordule
** → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
** → Romanian: ghiul
** → Serbo-Croatian: ђул / đul
** → Albanian: gjylë
* → Parachi: ګل (gul)
* → Pashto: ګل (gul)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲ (gul)
    Shahmukhi script: گل (gul)
* → Sanglechi: gɛl
* → Sarikoli: gəl
* → Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (gel)
* → Shughni: гул (gul)
* → Sindhi: گل (gulu)
* → Turkmen: gül
* → Wakhi: gul, gыl
* → Yazghulami: г̊ол (g̊ol)
* → Yidgha: گل (gul)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡil]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡɪl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡɪl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡɪl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡil̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡʲel̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡil]

#### Noun

| Dari | گل |
| Iranian Persian | گل |
| Tajik | гил |
گل • (gel) (plural گل‌ها (gel-hâ))
* clay
* silt
* mud
* lair

##### Derived terms

* کاه‌گل (kâh-gel)
* کاه‌گلی (kâh-geli)
* گل لگد کردن (gel lagad kardan)
* گل و لای (gel-o-lây)
* گلی (geli)
* گل‌آلود (gel-âlud)
* گل‌مالی (gel-mâli)

##### Descendants

* → Gujarati: ગિલ (gil)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English goal.

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥ol̥]

#### Noun

| Dari | گول |
| Iranian Persian | گل |
| Tajik | гол |
گل • (gol) (plural گل‌ها (gol-hâ))
* (chiefly Iran, sports, soccer) goal

##### Derived terms

* پرگل (por-gol)
* گل خوردن (gol xordan)
* گل زدن (gol zadan)
* گل کوچیک (gol kučik)
* گل‌زن (gol-zan)
* گل‌نزن (gol-nazan)

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

** (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡul̥]

#### Adjective

گل • (gul) (Dari, colloquial)
* (Hazaragi, Kabuli) off, disabled

##### Derived terms

* گل کردن (gul kardan, “to turn off”)

## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀮𑀳𑀸 (galahā) (Kalsi), from Sanskrit गर्हा (garhā).

#### Noun

گَلّ • (gall) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੱਲ)
* saying; conversation (ie. things to say)
    Synonym: بات (bāt)
* matter

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla).

#### Proper noun

گِلّ • (gill) m or f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)
* a Punjabi surname, Gill

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “گل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “ਗਿੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* “ਗੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*grilla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “garhā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 218

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡʊlʊ]

### Noun

گُلُ • (gulu) m (Devanagari गुलु)
* flower
* tree
* plant

### References

* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “گُلُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गल (gala).

#### Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)
* throat
* neck
* hook

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गल् (gal).

#### Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)
* speech
* word
* saying
* affair

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gil).

#### Noun

گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)
* earth, mud, silt, clay
* bole

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).

#### Noun

گُل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)
* flower
    باغوں میں گُل کِھلے ہَیں۔bāġõ mẽ gul khile ha͠i.Flowers have bloomed in the gardens.
* rose
    گُلِ گُلْزار ― gul-i gulzār ― Rose from the flowerbed

##### Declension

Declension of گل :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | گل (gul) | گل (gul) |
| oblique | گل (gul) | گلوں (gulõ) |
| vocative | گل (gul) | گلو (gulo) |

##### Derived terms

* گلبدن (gulbadan, “having a rosy body”)
* گلدان (guldān, “flowerpot; vase”)
* گلدستہ (guldastā, “bouquet”)
* گلگون (gulgūn, “rose-colored; pink”)

#### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “گل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.