# kiri
## Bikol Central
### Noun

kirí
* (medicine) A sore which forms on the upper lip beneath the nose.

### Verb

kíri
* To shake one's head (to express disapproval or denial).

## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* kari
* ri — short form, only used mid-sentence

### Etymology

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-di. The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kini (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to diri (“here”), adia (“here be”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Tagalog iri.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiˈɾi/ [kɪˈɾ̪i]
* Hyphenation: ki‧ri

### Adverb

kirí
* this (closer to the speaker than the listener)

#### Usage notes

* kari is the form most commonly used by speakers, while kiri may come off as old-fashioned and literary.
* In colloquial usage, the nuances of kiri (“this near me”) and kini (“this near us”) have become blurred, such that both are used interchangeably.

### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*-di”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kirja. Cognate with Finnish kirja and Votic tširjõ.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

kiri (genitive kirja, partitive kirja)
* writing
* letter (message)
* font, script
* pattern (decorative, e.g., knitted, embroidered, or carved into wood)

#### Derived terms

* allkiri
* armastuskiri
* kiilkiri
* kindakiri
* kirjandus
* kirjanik
* kirjatuvi
* kirju
* käskkiri

### Further reading

* “kiri”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “kiri”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “kiri”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* kiri in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

Probably originally a back-formation from kiristää; compare English tighten the gap for the semantic development.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiri/, [ˈk̟iri]
* Rhymes: -iri
* Hyphenation: ki‧ri

#### Noun

kiri
* spurt (a sudden but not prolonged action, especially a brief increase in speed of an ongoing action)
    Hän aloitti kirinsä liian aikaisin ja väsähti sata metriä ennen maaliviivaa.He started his spurt too early and ran out of steam one hundred meters before the finish line.
    Kiinan taloudellinen kiri on ollut nopea.The Chinese economic spurt has been quick.

##### Declension

Possessive forms of kiri (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kirini
kirini
accusative
nom.
kirini
kirini
gen.
kirini
genitive
kirini
kirieni
partitive
kiriäni
kirejäni
inessive
kirissäni
kireissäni
elative
kiristäni
kireistäni
illative
kiriini
kireihini
adessive
kirilläni
kireilläni
ablative
kiriltäni
kireiltäni
allative
kirilleni
kireilleni
essive
kirinäni
kireinäni
translative
kirikseni
kireikseni
abessive
kirittäni
kireittäni
instructive
comitative
—kireineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kirisi
kirisi
accusative
nom.
kirisi
kirisi
gen.
kirisi
genitive
kirisi
kiriesi
partitive
kiriäsi
kirejäsi
inessive
kirissäsi
kireissäsi
elative
kiristäsi
kireistäsi
illative
kiriisi
kireihisi
adessive
kirilläsi
kireilläsi
ablative
kiriltäsi
kireiltäsi
allative
kirillesi
kireillesi
essive
kirinäsi
kireinäsi
translative
kiriksesi
kireiksesi
abessive
kirittäsi
kireittäsi
instructive
comitative
—kireinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kirimme
kirimme
accusative
nom.
kirimme
kirimme
gen.
kirimme
genitive
kirimme
kiriemme
partitive
kiriämme
kirejämme
inessive
kirissämme
kireissämme
elative
kiristämme
kireistämme
illative
kiriimme
kireihimme
adessive
kirillämme
kireillämme
ablative
kiriltämme
kireiltämme
allative
kirillemme
kireillemme
essive
kirinämme
kireinämme
translative
kiriksemme
kireiksemme
abessive
kirittämme
kireittämme
instructive
comitative
—kireinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kirinne
kirinne
accusative
nom.
kirinne
kirinne
gen.
kirinne
genitive
kirinne
kirienne
partitive
kiriänne
kirejänne
inessive
kirissänne
kireissänne
elative
kiristänne
kireistänne
illative
kiriinne
kireihinne
adessive
kirillänne
kireillänne
ablative
kiriltänne
kireiltänne
allative
kirillenne
kireillenne
essive
kirinänne
kireinänne
translative
kiriksenne
kireiksenne
abessive
kirittänne
kireittänne
instructive
comitative
—kireinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kirinsä
kirinsä
accusative
nom.
kirinsä
kirinsä
gen.
kirinsä
genitive
kirinsä
kiriensä
partitive
kiriään kiriänsä
kirejään kirejänsä
inessive
kirissään kirissänsä
kireissään kireissänsä
elative
kiristään kiristänsä
kireistään kireistänsä
illative
kiriinsä
kireihinsä
adessive
kirillään kirillänsä
kireillään kireillänsä
ablative
kiriltään kiriltänsä
kireiltään kireiltänsä
allative
kirilleen kirillensä
kireilleen kireillensä
essive
kirinään kirinänsä
kireinään kireinänsä
translative
kirikseen kiriksensä
kireikseen kireiksensä
abessive
kirittään kirittänsä
kireittään kireittänsä
instructive
comitative
—kireineen kireinensä :

##### Derived terms

* kirittää
* kiriä
* kasvukiri
* kiriherkkä
* kirikierros
* kirikyky
* loppukiri

#### See also

* kiire
* kiiriä

#### Further reading

* “kiri”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiri/, [ˈk̟iri] (third-person indicative)
* IPA: /ˈkiriˣ/, [ˈk̟iri(ʔ)] (imperative, indicative connegative)
* Rhymes: -iri
* Hyphenation: ki‧ri

#### Verb

kiri
* inflection of kiriä:
** third-person singular past indicative
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* riki

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈki.ri/
* Rhymes: -ri
* Hyphenation: ki‧ri

### Adjective

kiri
* left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)
* (politics) left-wing
    Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!You can start fighting left-wingers now!

#### Antonyms

* kanan

## Japanese
### Romanization

kiri
* Rōmaji transcription of きり
* Rōmaji transcription of キリ

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi (compare Makasar kairi), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi, a prefixed form of *wiʀi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiri/
* Rhymes: -iri, -ri, -i

### Adjective

kiri (Jawi spelling کيري)
* left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)

#### Antonyms

* kanan

#### Descendants

* "kiri" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “kiri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese

* Root
* k-r-j
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic كِرَاء (kirāʔ). Doublet of kera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɪ.rɪ/
* Rhymes: -ɪrɪ

### Noun

kiri m
* verbal noun of kera: renting

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *kili (compare with Hawaiian ʻili), from Proto-Oceanic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit (compare with Malay kulit), from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC (“rind”).

### Noun

kiri
* (anatomy) skin
* peel, bark, rind
* hide, leather
* surface

### References

* “kiri” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Rapa Nui
### Noun

kiri
* skin
* bark (of a tree)

#### Derived terms

* kiri vaꞌe

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English kill.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈki.ri/

### Verb

kiri
* (transitive) To kill, to murder.
* (transitive) To end, to shut down.

#### Derived terms

* kiriman (“killer, murderer”)

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَقَرَّ (ʔaqarra).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-kiri (infinitive kukiri)
* to accept, admit, acknowledge, recognise

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -kiri :
| Positive present | -nakiri |
| Subjunctive | -kiri |
| Negative | -kiri |
| Imperative singular | kiri |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukiri |
| Negative | kutokiri |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kiri |
| Plural | kirini |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukiri |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likiri |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukiri |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takiri |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takiri |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikiri |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekiri |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekiri |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikiri |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikiri |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekiri |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakiri |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakiri |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikiri |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokiri |
| Consecutive | kakiri / positive subject concord + -kakiri |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakiri |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -kiria
** Causative: -kirisha
** Passive: -kiriwa
** Reciprocal: -kiriana
** Stative: -kirika
* Nominal derivations:
** ukiri (“acceptance, acknowledgement”)

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kiˈɾi/ [kɪˈɾi]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ki‧ri

### Adjective

kirí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒ)
* flirtatious; coquettish (of women)
    Synonyms: malimbang, mapanlimbang, landi, malandi, talandi, hitad
* libidinous; lascivious (of women)
    Synonyms: landi, talandi, kirimpot, hitad, handak, handarak, balihanda, libog, malibog

### Noun

kirí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒ)
* flirt; coquette
    Synonyms: haliparot, landi, alembong
* siren (women who lures, tempts, or entices)