OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# -mentum
## Latin
### Etymology

Derived from the Latin suffix -menta in collective nouns like armenta (“herd, flock”). Latin -menta is from Latin -mentum (singular), from Proto-Italic *-məntom, from the plural Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥teh₂ (*-mn̥ + *-teh₂, plural of *-mn̥-to-).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmen.tum/, [ˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmen.tum/, [ˈmɛn̪t̪um]

### Suffix

-mentum (plural -menta)
* instrument, medium, or result of; e.g. monumentum

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: -mintu
** Romanian: -mânt, -ment
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: -mento
** Sicilian: -mentu
* Padanian:
** Friulian: -ment
** Venetan: -mento
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: -ment
** Franco-Provençal: -ment
** Old French: -ment (see there for further descendants)
** Old Occitan: -ment
*** Occitan: -ment
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: -mientu
** Galician: -mento
** Portuguese: -mento
** Spanish: -mento, -miento
* Borrowings:
** → Basque: -mendu
** → Dutch: -ment
** → English: -ment
** → German: -ment
** → Norwegian Bokmål: -ment

### References

* ↑ Jean Haudry, L'indo-européen
* http://etimologias.dechile.net/latin/?Sufijos
* Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Grecque by Pierre Chantraine. Paris, 1968.
# 양자리
## Korean
### Etymology

From 양(羊) (yang, “sheep”) +‎ 자리 (jari, “constellation”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠ŋd͡ʑa̠ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [양자리]

### Proper noun

양자리 • (Yangjari)
* (astronomy) Aries

### See also

Zodiac signs in Korean · 황도 십이궁(黃道十二宮) (Hwangdo sibigung) (layout · text) :
| 양(羊)자리 (Yangjari) 모양(牡羊)자리 (Moyangjari) 백양궁(白羊宮) (Baegyanggung) | 황소자리 (Hwangsojari) 모우(牡牛)자리 (Moujari) 모우좌(牡牛座) (Moujwa) 금우궁(金牛宮) (Geumugung) | 쌍(雙)둥이자리 (Ssangdung'ijari) 쌍아궁(雙兒宮) (Ssang'agung) 쌍자궁(雙子宮) (Ssangjagung) | 게자리 (Gejari) 거해궁(巨蟹宮) (Geohaegung) |
| 사자(獅子)자리 (Sajajari) 사자궁(獅子宮) (Sajagung) 사자좌(獅子座) (Sajajwa) 예좌(猊座) (Yejwa) | 처녀(處女)자리 (Cheonyeojari) 처녀궁(處女宮) (Cheonyeogung) 처녀성좌(處女星座) (Cheonyeoseongjwa) 쌍녀궁(雙女宮) (Ssangnyeogung) | 천칭(天秤)자리 (Cheonchingjari) 천칭궁(天秤宮) (Cheonchinggung) 천칭좌(天秤座) (Cheonchingjwa) 저울자리 (Jeouljari) | 전갈(全蠍)자리 (Jeon'galjari) 천갈궁(天蠍宮) (Cheon'galgung) 전갈좌(全蠍座) (Jeon'galjwa) |
| 궁수(弓手)자리 (Gungsujari) 사수(射手)자리 (Sasujari) 인마궁(人馬宮) (Inmagung) 기사궁(騎射宮) (Gisagung) | 염소자리 (Yeomsojari) 산양(山羊)자리 (Sanyangjari) 산양좌(山羊座) (Sanyangjwa) 마갈궁(磨羯宮) (Magalgung) | 물병(甁)자리 (Mulbyeongjari) 수병(水甁)자리 (Subyeongjari) 수병좌(水甁座) (Subyeongjwa) 보병궁(寶甁宮) (Bobyeonggung) | 물고기자리 (Mulgogijari) 쌍어궁(雙魚宮) (Ssang'eogung) 어좌(魚座) (Eojwa) |
# minacia
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /miˈnaː.ki.a/, [mɪˈnäːkiä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /miˈna.t͡ʃi.a/, [miˈnäːt͡ʃiä]

### Etymology 1

From mināx +‎ -ia. Attested in Plautus and Arnobius the Younger.

#### Noun

minācia f (genitive mināciae); first declension (Old Latin, Late Latin)
* threat

##### Usage notes

* Usually found in the plural mināciae.

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: minaccia
*** →? Friulian: menace
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: minatta (Logudorese)
* North Italian:
** Friulian: manase
** Romansch: imnatscha
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: menaça
*** Catalan: amenaça
** Old French: manace, menace, menache, menaiche
*** French: menace
*** Norman: m'niche, méniche
*** → Middle English: manace
**** English: menace
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: mẽaça, amẽaça, meaça, ameaça
*** Galician: ameaza
*** Portuguese: ameaça
** Old Spanish: menaça
*** Ladin: amenasa
*** Spanish: menaza, amenaza
**** Papiamentu: amenasa
* Vulgar Latin:
** *mināciāre (see there for further descendants)

#### References

* minaciae in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* minaciae in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
* “minaciae”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mĭnācia”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/2: Mercatio–Mneme, page 99

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

minācia
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of mināx
# 처녀자리
## Korean
### Etymology

From 처녀(處女) (cheonyeo, “virgin”) +‎ 자리 (jari, “constellation”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕʰɘ(ː)ɲʌ̹d͡ʑa̠ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [처(ː)녀자리]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Proper noun

처녀자리 • (Cheonyeojari)
* (astronomy) Virgo

### See also

Zodiac signs in Korean · 황도 십이궁(黃道十二宮) (Hwangdo sibigung) (layout · text) :
| 양(羊)자리 (Yangjari) 모양(牡羊)자리 (Moyangjari) 백양궁(白羊宮) (Baegyanggung) | 황소자리 (Hwangsojari) 모우(牡牛)자리 (Moujari) 모우좌(牡牛座) (Moujwa) 금우궁(金牛宮) (Geumugung) | 쌍(雙)둥이자리 (Ssangdung'ijari) 쌍아궁(雙兒宮) (Ssang'agung) 쌍자궁(雙子宮) (Ssangjagung) | 게자리 (Gejari) 거해궁(巨蟹宮) (Geohaegung) |
| 사자(獅子)자리 (Sajajari) 사자궁(獅子宮) (Sajagung) 사자좌(獅子座) (Sajajwa) 예좌(猊座) (Yejwa) | 처녀(處女)자리 (Cheonyeojari) 처녀궁(處女宮) (Cheonyeogung) 처녀성좌(處女星座) (Cheonyeoseongjwa) 쌍녀궁(雙女宮) (Ssangnyeogung) | 천칭(天秤)자리 (Cheonchingjari) 천칭궁(天秤宮) (Cheonchinggung) 천칭좌(天秤座) (Cheonchingjwa) 저울자리 (Jeouljari) | 전갈(全蠍)자리 (Jeon'galjari) 천갈궁(天蠍宮) (Cheon'galgung) 전갈좌(全蠍座) (Jeon'galjwa) |
| 궁수(弓手)자리 (Gungsujari) 사수(射手)자리 (Sasujari) 인마궁(人馬宮) (Inmagung) 기사궁(騎射宮) (Gisagung) | 염소자리 (Yeomsojari) 산양(山羊)자리 (Sanyangjari) 산양좌(山羊座) (Sanyangjwa) 마갈궁(磨羯宮) (Magalgung) | 물병(甁)자리 (Mulbyeongjari) 수병(水甁)자리 (Subyeongjari) 수병좌(水甁座) (Subyeongjwa) 보병궁(寶甁宮) (Bobyeonggung) | 물고기자리 (Mulgogijari) 쌍어궁(雙魚宮) (Ssang'eogung) 어좌(魚座) (Eojwa) |
# torculum
## Latin
### Etymology

From torqueō (“twist”) +‎ -ulum (instrument noun suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtor.ku.lum/, [ˈt̪ɔrkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈtor.ku.lum/, [ˈt̪ɔrkulum]

### Noun

torculum n (genitive torculī); second declension
* a wine or olive oil press

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* torculō

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: torchio
* North Italian:
** Friulian: turchi
** Lombard: torcc
** Piedmontese: torcc
** Romansch: torchel
** Venetan: tòrcoło, tòrcol — Belluno
* Vulgar Latin: *troculum
** Catalan: trull
*** → Spanish: trullo
** Old French: truil, troil, treil, treuil
*** French: treuil
*** → Sicilian: trugghiu
** Occitan: truèlh, truòlh
** >? Galician: trollo, trolho (reintegrationist) (etymology 2)
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: tork
** → Catalan: tòrcul
** → Old High German: torcula
*** German: Torkel
** → Italian: torcolo (archaic)
** → Portuguese: tórculo
** → Spanish: tórculo

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “estrujar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 815
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tŏrcŭlum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 43

### Further reading

* “torculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* torculum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# -ittus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* -ettus

### Etymology

Uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈit.tus/, [ˈɪt̪ːʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈit.tus/, [ˈit̪ːus]

### Suffix

-ittus (feminine -itta, neuter -ittum); first/second-declension suffix
* diminutive suffix, used to create nouns

#### Usage notes

Attested in the female form in proper nouns of the Imperial period.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: -etto, -etta
** Neapolitan: -itto, -etta
** Sicilian: -ittu, -itta
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: -et, -eta
** Franco-Provençal: -èt, -èta
** French: -et
*** →? Galician: -ete, -eta
*** → Spanish: -ete
** Occitan: -et, -eta
* Ibero-Romance:
** Spanish: -ito, -ita
** Portuguese: -ito, -ita
# 수병자리
## Korean
### Etymology

From 수병(水甁) (subyeong) +‎ 자리 (jari, “constellation”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰubjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑa̠ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [수병자리]

### Proper noun

수병자리 • (Subyeongjari)
* (astronomy) Aquarius

### See also

Zodiac signs in Korean · 황도 십이궁(黃道十二宮) (Hwangdo sibigung) (layout · text) :
| 양(羊)자리 (Yangjari) 모양(牡羊)자리 (Moyangjari) 백양궁(白羊宮) (Baegyanggung) | 황소자리 (Hwangsojari) 모우(牡牛)자리 (Moujari) 모우좌(牡牛座) (Moujwa) 금우궁(金牛宮) (Geumugung) | 쌍(雙)둥이자리 (Ssangdung'ijari) 쌍아궁(雙兒宮) (Ssang'agung) 쌍자궁(雙子宮) (Ssangjagung) | 게자리 (Gejari) 거해궁(巨蟹宮) (Geohaegung) |
| 사자(獅子)자리 (Sajajari) 사자궁(獅子宮) (Sajagung) 사자좌(獅子座) (Sajajwa) 예좌(猊座) (Yejwa) | 처녀(處女)자리 (Cheonyeojari) 처녀궁(處女宮) (Cheonyeogung) 처녀성좌(處女星座) (Cheonyeoseongjwa) 쌍녀궁(雙女宮) (Ssangnyeogung) | 천칭(天秤)자리 (Cheonchingjari) 천칭궁(天秤宮) (Cheonchinggung) 천칭좌(天秤座) (Cheonchingjwa) 저울자리 (Jeouljari) | 전갈(全蠍)자리 (Jeon'galjari) 천갈궁(天蠍宮) (Cheon'galgung) 전갈좌(全蠍座) (Jeon'galjwa) |
| 궁수(弓手)자리 (Gungsujari) 사수(射手)자리 (Sasujari) 인마궁(人馬宮) (Inmagung) 기사궁(騎射宮) (Gisagung) | 염소자리 (Yeomsojari) 산양(山羊)자리 (Sanyangjari) 산양좌(山羊座) (Sanyangjwa) 마갈궁(磨羯宮) (Magalgung) | 물병(甁)자리 (Mulbyeongjari) 수병(水甁)자리 (Subyeongjari) 수병좌(水甁座) (Subyeongjwa) 보병궁(寶甁宮) (Bobyeonggung) | 물고기자리 (Mulgogijari) 쌍어궁(雙魚宮) (Ssang'eogung) 어좌(魚座) (Eojwa) |
# fabellor
## Latin
### Etymology

From fābella (“tale, short story”) +‎ -or (deponent verb-forming suffix). Attested in glosses from late antiquity.

### Verb

fābellor (present infinitive fābellārī, perfect active fābellātus sum); first conjugation, deponent (Late Latin)
* to recount, narrate

#### Descendants

(See also fābulor.)
* Dalmatian:
** faular
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: favellare
** Sassarese: fabiddà
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: faeddare
* North Italian:
** Friulian: fevelâ
** Istriot: favalà
** Romansch: favler
** Venetan: favelar (obsolete?)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: faveler
*** Lorrain: feuvler, fofler
** Old Occitan: favelar
*** Provençal: favelar

### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fabellari”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 341
# vestitura
## Italian
### Noun

vestitura f (plural vestiture)
* dressing (act of putting on clothes)
* covering, coating (material)

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From vestī- (“dress, enrobe”) +‎ -tūra. Attested in sense 2 from 769 CE and sense 7 from 899.

#### Noun

vestītūra f (genitive vestītūrae); first declension (Early Medieval Latin)
* investiture
* possession
* annual rent
* rent for an ecclesiastical subjection
* personal dependence
* appurtenances
* clothes, dress

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Descendants

(All with sense 7.)
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: vestitura
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: vestidura, vestedura, vestadura
*** Catalan: vestidura
** Old French: vesteure (see there for further descendants)
** Old Occitan: vestidura
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: vestidura
** Old Galician-Portuguese: vestidura
*** Galician: vestidura
*** Portuguese: vestidura
** Spanish: vestidura

#### References

* ↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “vestitura”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 1080

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

vestītūra
* inflection of vestītūrus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

#### Participle

vestītūrā
* ablative feminine singular of vestītūrus

#### References

* vestitura in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# penätä
## Finnish
### Etymology

Unknown; cognate with Karelian penie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpenætæˣ/, [ˈpe̞næt̪æ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -enætæ
* Hyphenation: pe‧nä‧tä

### Verb

penätä (transitive, usually atelic)
* to demand, press (for)
    Synonyms: tiukata, tivata
    Penäsin häneltä vastausta.I pressed him for an answer.
* to insist, argue
    Synonyms: inttää, väittää

#### Derived terms

* penääminen

### Further reading

* “penätä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* entäpä
# lingualis
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin linguālis, ellipsis of mūsculus linguālis (“lingual muscle”). Doublet of lingual.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /lɪŋˈɡwæl.ɪs/, /lɪŋˈɡweɪ.lɪs/, /lɪŋˈɡwɑl.ɪs/
* Rhymes: -ælɪs, -eɪlɪs, -ɑːlɪs

### Noun

lingualis (plural linguales)
* (anatomy) A longitudinal band of muscular fibres, situated on the undersurface of the tongue, lying in the interval between the hyoglossus and the geniohyoglossus, and extending from the base to the apex of the organ.

### References

* Henry Gray (1875) Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical

## Latin
### Etymology

From lingua (“the tongue”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /linˈɡʷaː.lis/, [lʲɪŋˈɡʷäːlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /linˈɡwa.lis/, [liŋˈɡwäːlis]

### Adjective

linguālis (neuter linguāle); third-declension two-termination adjective (Medieval Latin)
* lingual
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: lingual
* English: lingual, lingualis
* French: lingual
** → Romanian: lingual
* Galician: lingual
* Italian: linguale
* Portuguese: lingual
* Spanish: lingual
* German: lingual
* Swedish: lingval
* ⇒ Czech: lingvální
* ⇒ Russian: лингвальный (lingvalʹnyj)
* ⇒ Slovak: lingvalen
# nepta
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin nepeta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈnep.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈnep.ta]

### Noun

nepta f (plural neptes)
* catnip
    Synonyms: herba gatera, menta de gat

### Further reading

* “nepta” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “nepta” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Latin
### Noun

nepta f (genitive neptae); first declension (Late Latin)
* Alternative form of neptia

#### Descendants

* Dalmatian:
** niapta (“niece”)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: netta
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: néta ⇒ net
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: ñeta, nieta ⇒ ñetu, nietu
** Mirandese: nieta ⇒ nieto
** Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]
*** Galician: neta ⇒ neto
*** Portuguese: neta ⇒ neto
** Spanish: nieta ⇒ nieto

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “nĕptia”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 7: N–Pas, page 97
# مبك
## Arabic

* Root
* ب ك ي (b k y)
* 7 terms

### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of أَبْكَى (ʔabkā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mub.kin/

### Adjective

مُبْكٍ • (mubkin) (informal مُبْكِي (mubkī), feminine مُبْكِيَة (mubkiya), masculine plural مُبْكُون (mubkūn), feminine plural مُبْكِيَات (mubkiyāt))
* active participle of أَبْكَى (ʔabkā)
** causing tears, tear-jerking, tending to bring one to tears
** heart-rending, heart-wrenching

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: مبكی (mübki)
# retundus
## Latin
### Etymology

Variant of Classical rotundus, attested from the seventh century CE. May have developed via dissimilation and/or influence from the suffix re-.
It has also been suggested that retundus is really the original Latin form, despite first being attested around a millennium after rotundus; see there for more.

### Adjective

retundus (feminine retunda, neuter retundum); first/second-declension adjective (Early Medieval Latin)
* round

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* *tundus

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Romanian: rătund
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: ritondo (archaic)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: retundu, redundu
* North Italian:
** Ligurian: rióndo, róndo
** Lombard: redond, radond
** Piedmontese: riond, ariond
** Romansch: raduond, raund, radond, radund
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: riond
** Old French: reont
*** French: rond
*** Norman: rond
*** Walloon: rond
*** → Middle Dutch: ront
**** Dutch: rond
*** → Middle English: rounde (see there for further descendants)
*** → Middle High German: runt
**** German: rund
* Occitano-Romance:
** Old Catalan: redon ⇒? rodon
*** Catalan: redó, rodó
** Gascon: arredond, ardon
** Occitan: redond
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: redondo
** Asturian: redondu
** Galician: redondo
** Portuguese: redondo
** Spanish: redondo

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/reˈtʊnd-u/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
# dum interim
## Latin
### Etymology

From dum +‎ interim, both already meaning “while”.

### Adverb

dum interim (not comparable) (Late Latin)
* during, while
    Synonyms: dum, interim, interea
** [c. 400 CE, Donatus, Interpretationes Vergilianae, section 11,20:Interea, inquit, hoc est dum interim […]'Interea', he says, which means 'dum interim' […]]

#### Notes

In several descendants, the first syllable was reinterpreted as dē- and often deleted (having been taken as optional). It may be that there existed an early *minterim, inherited as such into multiple descendant branches, but the earliest attested Romance forms appear to be those that begin with do- or de-, with the syncopated forms surfacing only later.

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: domentre (obsolete), ⇒ mentre
** ⇒ Neapolitan: mente
** ⇒ Sicilian: mentri
** → Maltese: dment
* North Italian:
** Old Ligurian: demente
** Old Lombard: domente
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: dementre, ⇒ mentre, mentres
** Franco-Provençal: domentre
** Old French: domientres, demientres; dement, dementre, dementieres, adementiers; ⇒ mentre
*** Angevin: adementiers, ademintiers
** Old Occitan: domentre
*** Occitan: dementre, demente
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: demientres, ⇒ mientres
** Old Galician-Portuguese: domentres, dementres, ⇒ mentres
*** Galician: mentres
*** Portuguese: mentes
** Old Spanish: domientre, demientre, ⇒ mientre, ⇒ mientras, mientra
*** Spanish: mientras

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “mientras”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 70
* Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) “mentre”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “dum interim”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 178
* ↑ Heberlein, Fritz. 2011. Temporal Clauses. In Baldi, Philip & Cuzzolin, Pierluigi (eds.), New perspectives on historical Latin syntax, vol. IV: Complex sentences, grammaticalization, typology. Berlin: De Gruyter. Page 291.
# frondia
## Latin
### Etymology

Collective noun based on the neuter plural of frondeus (“leafy”), likely inspired by folia (originally "leaves", but often found as a collective meaning "foliage" in Late Latin). Attested in the Vetus Itala and also a late gloss.

### Noun

frondia n pl (Late Latin)
* foliage

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: frãndzã, frundzã, frãnzã, frunzã
** Istro-Romanian: frunzĕ
** Megleno-Romanian: frunză, frund̦ă
** Romanian: frunză
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: fronza (archaic)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: frunza (Logudorese), fròngia (Campidanese)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Lorrain: frogne
* North Italian:
** Ligurian: [ˈfruŋʃa]
* Ibero-Romance:
** Leonese: froncia
** Old Galician-Portuguese: fronça
*** Galician: fronza
*** ⇒ Portuguese: franças (crossed with frasca)

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “fronda”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 963
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “frondia”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 263
* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “frons, -dis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 818
* ↑ Georg Getz, Carl Gustav Löwe, Wilhelm C. Heraeus (1894) Corpus glossariorum Latinorum: Placidus Liber glossarum, glossaria reliqua‎, volume V, Leipzig: B. G. Teubner Verlag, page 495: “Comat ornat frondia”
# Burgbernheimerinnen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʊʁkˈbɛɐ̯nhaɪ̯məʁɪnən]
* Hyphenation: Burg‧bern‧hei‧me‧rin‧nen

### Noun

Burgbernheimerinnen f pl
* plural of Burgbernheimerin
# sinexter
## Latin
### Etymology

Blend of sinister (“left”) +‎ dexter (“right”). Attested in late manuscripts.

### Adjective

sinexter (feminine sinextra, neuter sinextrum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er) (Late Latin ?)
* left

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: sinèstro (archaic), >? sinistro
* North Italian:
** Friulian: signestri
** Romansch: sanester, seniester (Sursilvan), saniester (Sutsilvan), schnester (Puter, Vallader)
** Venetan: senestro
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: senestre
** Old French: senestre
*** Middle French: senestre
**** French: senestre, sénestre, senêtre
*** Norman: s'nêtre
** Occitan: senèstre
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: siniestru
** Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽestro, seestro
*** Portuguese: sestro
** Old Spanish: siniestro
*** Ladino: siniestro, סינייסטרו
*** Spanish: siniestro

### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sĭnĭster”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 11: S–Si, page 649
# haringus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* harengus (late 11th c. onward)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *hāring. Attested from the sixth century.

### Noun

haringus m (genitive haringī); second declension (Late Latin)
* herring

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Old Catalan: harench
** Catalan: areng
* Old French: harang, hareng, heryng, haranc
** Middle French: hareng, harenc
*** French: hareng
** Norman: ĥéren
** Picard: héring
** Walloon: haring
** → Middle English: herring (partially)
*** English: herring
* Old Occitan: harenc, arenc
** Occitan: arenc
** → Italian: aringa
*** → Armenian: առինկ (aṙink)
*** → Ottoman Turkish: رینغه
**** Turkish: ringa
**** → Arabic: رِنْكة (rinka)
**** → Armenian: ռինկա (ṙinka)
** → Old Spanish: arenque
*** Spanish: arenque
*** → Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]
**** Galician: arenque
**** Portuguese: arenque

### References

* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “harengus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 480
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “arenque”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 322
# Burgkunstädterinnen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʊʁkˈkʊnˌʃtɛtəʁɪnən]
* Hyphenation: Burg‧kun‧städ‧te‧rin‧nen

### Noun

Burgkunstädterinnen f pl
* plural of Burgkunstädterin
# lang'o
## Woiwurrung
### Noun

lang'o
* edge

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf