# madu
## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmadu/ [ˈmʌdʊ]
* Hyphenation: ma‧du

### Noun

mádu m (feminine moltá)
* male lion

#### Declension

absolutive
mádu
predicative
mádu
subjective
madí
genitive
madí
Postpositioned forms
l-case
mádul
k-case
máduk
t-case
mádut
h-case
máduh :

#### Hypernyms

* lubák (“lion”)

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “madu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Balinese
### Romanization

madu
* Romanization of ᬫᬵᬤᬸ (“to fight”)
* Romanization of ᬫᬥᬸ (“honey”)

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *mato, see there for further etymology. Cognates include Finnish mato (“worm”), Votic mato, Ingrian mato, Livvi mado, Ludian mado and Veps mado.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑd̥u/, [ˈmɑd̥u]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑdu
* Hyphenation: ma‧du

### Noun

madu (genitive mao, partitive madu)
* snake
    mürgised maod ― poisonous snakes
    maona looklev järjekord ― a winding queue (like a snake)
    Madu nõelas poissi jalga.The snake stung the boy's leg.
    Eestis esinevad madudest rästik ja nastik.The most common snakes in Estonia are the viper and the grass snake.
* (figuratively) a mean, sneaky, deceitful person

#### Usage notes

Madu is commonly used for larger, poisonous snakes, whereas smaller snakes, that are native to Estonia, such as a viper or a grass snake are referred to as uss.

#### Synonyms

* uss

#### Derived terms

* madujas

#### Compounds

* boamadu
* lendmadu
* lohemadu
* lõgismadu
* meremadu
* merimadu
* mürkmadu
* noolmadu
* prillmadu
* rohemadu
* madu-uss
* madukael
* madukaktus
* madukotkas
* madunõel
* madupea
* madutäht
* maohammustus
* maokeel
* maomürk
* maopilk

### References

* madu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “madu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmadu]
* Hyphenation: ma‧du

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay madu, from Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).

#### Noun

madu (plural madu-madu)
* honey
* (figurative) sweet substance.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay madu, from Old Javanese madu, maru (“co-wife, jealous”) (compare Indonesian mendua). Comparable to Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

#### Noun

madu (plural madu-madu)
* mistress, the other woman,
** in polygyny relation.
** (figurative) in other type of relation.

##### Derived terms

* bermadu
* memadui
* mempermadukan
* pemaduan
* permaduan

### See also

* madukara

### Further reading

* “madu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

madu
* Romanization of ꦩꦢꦸ.

## Malay
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).

#### Noun

madu (Jawi spelling مادو, plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)
* honey
    Synonyms: air lebah, manisan lebah, misan, ningsan, nisan

### Etymology 2

Unknown, perhaps as semantic loan from Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

#### Noun

madu (plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)
* mistress or wife in a polygyny relation.
** (figurative) in other type of relation.

##### Derived terms

* bermadu
* memadui
* mempermadukan
* pemaduan
* permaduan

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: madu

### References

* Edi Sedyawati et al. (1994). Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini. Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. pp. 73–4.
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “مادو madoe”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 126-7
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “مادو madu”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 633
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “madu”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 84-5

### Further reading

* “madu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.du/
* Homophone: madhu
* Hyphenation: ma‧du
* Rhymes: -du, -u

### Etymology 1

Affixed ro, rwa (“two”) +‎ ma- (“active verb prefix”).

#### Noun

madu
* co-wife (in a polygamous marriage)

#### Adjective

madu
* jealous

#### Alternative forms

* maru

#### Derived terms

* minadu

#### Descendants

* >? Malay: madu
** > Indonesian: madu (inherited)

### Etymology 2

Affixed adu (“to stand opposite; to face, to meet”) +‎ ma- (“active verb prefix”).

#### Verb

madu
* to stand face to face

### Further reading

* "madu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit मधु (madhu).

### Noun

madu (Sundanese script ᮙᮓᮥ)
* honey