# 料理
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attestable in imperial Chinese texts. In the sense of cuisine, borrowed from Japanese 料(りょ​う)理(り) (ryo​uri).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liàolǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): liu$^6$ lei$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liau-lî
    (Hailu, HRS): liau$^˖$ li$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lieo$^5$ li$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liāu-lí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liao$^7$ li$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liàolǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liàolǐ
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^4$-li$^3$
*** Yale: lyàu-lǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liawlii
*** Palladius: ляоли (ljaoli)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: liu$^6$ lei$^5$
*** Yale: liuh léih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: liu$^6$ lei$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: liu$^6$ léi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːu̯²² lei̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liau-lî
*** Hakka Romanization System: liau li$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liau$^4$ li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯au̯⁵⁵ li²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liau$^˖$ li$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /liau³³ li⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lieo$^5$ li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lieu²¹ li⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lieo$^5$ li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lieu²¹ li³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāu-lí
*** Tâi-lô: liāu-lí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liauxlie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liau²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liau²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liau³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liau³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: liao$^7$ li$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liāu lí
*** Sinological IPA : /liau¹¹ li⁵²/

### Verb

料理
* to arrange; to handle
* to cook

#### Synonyms

* (to arrange):
* 備辦 / 备办 (Hokkien)
* 受理 (shòulǐ)
* 審理 / 审理 (shěnlǐ)
* 張羅 / 张罗
* 從事 / 从事 (cóngshì)
* 打理 (dǎlǐ)
* 操持 (cāochí)
* 擺劃 / 摆划 (bǎihua) (regional)
* 清理 (qīnglǐ)
* 理 (lǐ)
* 經辦 / 经办 (jīngbàn)
* 處分 / 处分 (chǔfèn) (literary)
* 處決 / 处决 (chǔjué)
* 處理 / 处理
* 處置 / 处置 (chǔzhì)
* 辦理 / 办理 (bànlǐ)
* (to cook):
* 做菜 (zuòcài)
* 做飯 / 做饭 (zuòfàn)
* 搣食 (Hakka)
* 烹調 / 烹调 (pēngtiáo)
* 烹飪 / 烹饪 (pēngrèn)
* 調羹 / 调羹 (tiáogēng) (literary, figurative)

### Noun

料理
* cuisine
* art of cooking

#### Usage notes

There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

#### Derived terms

* 料理店 (liàolǐdiàn)
* 日本料理 (Rìběn liàolǐ)
* 黑暗料理 (hēi'àn liàolǐ)

### References

* (Min Nan) “Entry #6065”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 料 | 理 |
| りょう Grade: 4 | り Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* (honorific) お料(りょう)理(り) (o-ryōri)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りょーり [ryóꜜòrì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾʲo̞ːɾʲi]
* (Kagoshima) IPA: [d͡ʑui̯]

### Noun

料(りょう)理(り) • (ryōri)
* cooking
    料(りょう)理(り)を作(つく)る
       ryōri o tsukuru
       to make food
    中(ちゅう)華(か)料(りょう)理(り)を作(つく)る
       chūka ryōri o tsukuru
       to make Chinese food
    キャベツ料(りょう)理(り)
       kyabetsu ryōri
       cabbage dishes
    料(りょう)理(り)番(ばん)組(ぐみ)
       ryōri bangumi
       cooking show
    郷(きょう)土(ど)料(りょう)理(り)
       kyōdo ryōri
       local cuisine

### Verb

料(りょう)理(り)する • (ryōri suru) transitive suru (stem 料(りょう)理(り)し (ryōri shi), past 料(りょう)理(り)した (ryōri shita))
* to cook, to prepare (food)
* to deal with, to handle

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 料理し | りょうりし | ryōri shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 料理し | りょうりし | ryōri shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 料理する | りょうりする | ryōri suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 料理する | りょうりする | ryōri suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 料理すれ | りょうりすれ | ryōri sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 料理せよ¹ 料理しろ² | りょうりせよ¹ りょうりしろ² | ryōri seyo¹ ryōri shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 料理される | りょうりされる | ryōri sareru |
| Causative | 料理させる 料理さす | りょうりさせる りょうりさす | ryōri saseru ryōri sasu |
| Potential | 料理できる | りょうりできる | ryōri dekiru |
| Volitional | 料理しよう | りょうりしよう | ryōri shiyō |
| Negative | 料理しない | りょうりしない | ryōri shinai |
| Negative continuative | 料理せず | りょうりせず | ryōri sezu |
| Formal | 料理します | りょうりします | ryōri shimasu |
| Perfective | 料理した | りょうりした | ryōri shita |
| Conjunctive | 料理して | りょうりして | ryōri shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 料理すれば | りょうりすれば | ryōri sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* クッキング (kukkingu)

#### Derived terms

* 料(りょう)理(り)屋(や) (ryōriya): restaurant
* 料(りょう)理(り)人(にん) (ryōrinin): chef, cook
* 家(か)庭(てい)料(りょう)理(り) (katei ryōri): home cooking
* 日(に)本(ほん)料(りょう)理(り) (Nihon ryōri): Japanese cuisine
* 肉(にく)料(りょう)理(り) (nikuryōri): meat dishes
* 魚(さかな)料(りょう)理(り) (sakanaryōri): seafood dishes
* 卓(しっ)袱(ぽく)料(りょう)理(り) (shippoku ryōri): Japanese-Chinese cuisine
* 懐(かい)石(せき)料(りょう)理(り) (kaisekiryōri): kaiseki
* 精(しょう)進(じん)料(りょう)理(り) (shōjinryōri): Buddhist temple cuisine
* メイン料(りょう)理(り) (mein-ryōri): main course
* 中(ちゅう)華(か)料(りょう)理(り) (chūkaryōri): Chinese cuisine

#### See also

* 切(き)る (kiru): to cut
* 炒(いた)める (itameru): to stir-fry
* 焼(や)く (yaku): to bake, to fry
* 茹(ゆ)でる (yuderu): to boil
* 炙(あぶ)る (aburu): to scorch, to broil, to toast, to grill
* 煮(に)る (niru): to simmer
* 煮(に)込(こ)む (nikomu): to simmer away
* 蒸(む)す (musu): to steam
* 揚(あ)げる (ageru): to fry something in deep oil
* 混(ま)ぜる (mazeru): to stir, to mix
* 炒(い)る (iru), 煎(い)る (iru), 熬(い)る (iru): to fry, broil

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 料 | 理 |

### Noun

料理 • (yori) (hangeul 요리)
* hanja form of 요리 (“cooking”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 料 | 理 |

### Verb

料理
* chữ Hán form of liệu lí (“to arrange”).