# 妊

| 妊 | U+598A, &#22922; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-598A |
| ← 妉 [U+5989] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妋 → [U+598B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妊 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女竹土 (VHG), four-corner 4241$_4$, composition ⿰女壬)
* conceive
* be pregnant

#### Derived characters

* 𡤊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6072
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1031, character 6
* Unihan data for U+598A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 紝 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 鵀 | *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 拰 | *nɯmʔ |
| 賃 | *nɯms |
| 任 | *njɯm, *njɯms |
| 壬 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm |
| 恁 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 銋 | *njɯm, *njɯmʔ |
| 荏 | *njɯmʔ |
| 餁 | *njɯmʔ |
| 栠 | *njɯmʔ |
| 袵 | *njɯmʔ |
| 飪 | *njɯmʔ |
| 妊 | *njɯms |
| 衽 | *njɯms |

### Etymology

Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rèn (ren$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^6$ / jam$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rim$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$
*** Yale: rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
*** Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^6$ / jam$^4$
*** Yale: yahm / yàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^6$ / jam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^6$ / yem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²²/, /jɐm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
*** Tâi-lô: līm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lim
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
*** Tâi-lô: jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rim$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zim³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyimH
Rime :
| Character | 妊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 汝鴆切 |
| Baxter | nyimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10822 |
| Phonetic component | 壬 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妊 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯms/ |

### Definitions

妊
* pregnant

### Compounds

* 妊娠
* 妊娠紋 / 妊娠纹 (rènshēnwén)
* 妊娠線 / 妊娠线
* 妊婦 / 妊妇 (rènfù)
* 妊神星 (Rènshénxīng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pregnancy

#### Readings

* Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: じん (jin)
* Kun: はらむ (haramu, 妊む)

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 姙

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妊 (MC nyimH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅀᅵᆷ〮 (Yale: zím) | ᅀᅵᆷ〮 (Yale: zím) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄇᆡᆯ (Yale: pòyl) | ᅀᅵᆷ〯 (Yale: zǐm) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [i(ː)m]
* Phonetic hangul: [임(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im))
* hanja form of 임 (“pregnancy”)

#### Compounds

* 임부 (妊婦, imbu)
* 임산부 (妊産婦, imsanbu)
* 임신 (妊娠, imsin)
* 임신부 (妊娠婦, imsinbu)
* 피임 (避妊, piim)
* 피임법 (避妊法, piimbeop)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妊: Hán Nôm readings: nhâm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.