# 衷

| 衷 | U+8877, &#34935; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8877 |
| ← 衶 [U+8876] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 衸 → [U+8878] |

## Translingual
### Han character

衷 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+4 in Chinese, 衣+3 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 十中竹女 (JLHV) or 卜中竹女 (YLHV), four-corner 5073$_2$, composition ⿴衣中 or ⿳亠中𧘇)

#### Derived characters

* 𠂻

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1112, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34139
* Dae Jaweon: page 1578, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3076, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8877

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 衷 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs): semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle; center”).

### Etymology

Related to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle; centre”); see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$ / zung$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cé̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thiong / tiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ / zung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng / jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ / dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ / zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiong
*** Tâi-lô: thiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
*** Tâi-lô: tiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: trjuwng, trjuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 衷 | 衷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟弓切 | 陟仲切 |
| Baxter | trjuwng | trjuwngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨuŋ/ | /ʈɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiuŋ/ | /ʈiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ȶiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuwŋ/ | /ʈuwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ȶiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuŋ/ | /ȶĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯uŋ/ | /ȶi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng | zhòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ | zung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ/, /*tuŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 衷 | 衷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17409 | 17411 |
| Phonetic component | 中 | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 中 | 中 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuŋ/ | /*tuŋs/ |

### Definitions

衷
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) undergarment; underwear
* inner feelings; heart; from the bottom of one's heart
* middle; center
* a surname

### Compounds

* 一本初衷
* 不衷
* 丹衷
* 共話衷腸 / 共话衷肠
* 初衷 (chūzhōng)
* 和衷共濟 / 和衷共济 (hézhōnggòngjì)
* 天誘其衷 / 天诱其衷
* 宸衷
* 寸衷
* 得衷
* 折衷 (zhézhōng)
* 折衷家庭
* 無動於衷 / 无动于衷 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
* 熱衷 / 热衷 (rèzhōng)
* 由衷 (yóuzhōng)
* 由衷之言
* 由衷感激
* 素衷
* 苦衷 (kǔzhōng)
* 莫衷一是 (mòzhōngyīshì)
* 莫衷壹是
* 衷心 (zhōngxīn)
* 衷悃
* 衷情 (zhōngqíng)
* 衷曲 (zhōngqū)
* 衷款
* 衷素
* 衷腸 / 衷肠 (zhōngcháng)
* 衷腸密語 / 衷肠密语
* 衷腸話 / 衷肠话
* 衷誠 / 衷诚
* 言不由衷 (yánbùyóuzhōng)
* 隱衷 / 隐衷 (yǐnzhōng)

### References

* “衷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* inmost, inside
* heart, mind (also 心)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
* Kun: うち (uchi, 衷)、まごころ (magokoro, 衷)
* Nanori: ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、まこと (makoto)

#### Compounds

* 苦(く)衷(ちゅう) (kuchū, “distress”)
* 折(せっ)衷(ちゅう) (setchū, “blending, compromise”)
* 衷(ちゅう)情(じょう) (chūjō, “inner feelings, true heart”)
* 衷(ちゅう)心(しん) (chūshin, “innermost feelings”)
* 微(び)衷(ちゅう) (bichū, “one's innermost thoughts”)
* 和(わ)衷(ちゅう)協(きょう)同(どう) (wachūkyōdō, “harmonious cooperation”)

## Korean
### Hanja

衷 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

衷: Hán Nôm readings: trung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.