# مهر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Common West Semitic term; compare Ugaritic 𐎎𐎅𐎗 (mhr), Old South Arabian 𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩩 (mhrt, “wealth, possessions, commodities, goods”), Biblical Hebrew מָהַר (mahar, “to acquire by exchange, to barter, to purchase”), Biblical Hebrew מֹהַר (mṓhar, “bridal payment, purchasing price”), Classical Syriac ܡܗܪܐ (“bride-price”), Nabataean 𐢓𐢇𐢛 (mohar). Uncertain connection to highly productive Akkadian 𒈠𒄩𒀸 (maḫārum, “to face or meet; to accept, to receive; to conduct; to do business, to shift commodities, to transact; to accept valuables, staples, or persons; to take in or collect offers, to take in women by dowries”) and Soqotri móḥor (“to offer”), as the sound change complicates the semantic overlaps. Comparison to Middle Persian mtr' (/⁠mihr⁠/, “contract, bond”) is fundamentally coincidental.

#### Verb

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I (non-past يَمْهُرُ (yamhuru) or يَمْهَرُ (yamharu), verbal noun مَهْر (mahr))
* to settle a dowry for (one's wife, etc.)

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

مَهْر • (mahr) m (plural مُهُور (muhūr))
* verbal noun of مَهَرَ (mahara) (form I)
* dowry, dower, marriage portion
* price
* contracting

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: مهر (mahar, “dowry”)
* → Middle Armenian: մահր (mahr)
* → English: mahr
* → Swahili: mahari

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwdl), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”), and denominal verb.

#### Noun

مُهْر • (muhr) m
* seal; signet; stamp

##### Descendants

* → Swahili: muhuri

#### Verb

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I (non-past يَمْهَرُ (yamharu), verbal noun ?)
* to stamp, to imprint

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

مَهْر • (mahr) m (plural مُهُور (muhūr))
* verbal noun of مَهَرَ (mahara) (form I)
* sealing; stamping

##### Declension
#### Related terms

* مُهْرَدَار (muhradār)
* مُهْرَق (muhraq)

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Semitic *mahir-/*marw- (“(young) man; still fast and physically useful”), possibly further Proto-Afroasiatic *ma(hi)r- (“servant, slave”), potentially related to Arabic مَرْء (marʔ). Compare Akkadian 𒌉 (mārum, “young man, son; subordinate, deployable man, service man, usable worker, hireling for a service”), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎅𐎗 (mhr, “warrior, man, troop; skilled, expert, trained; exceptional, faster, better, or heroic”), Sabaean 𐩩𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩩 (tmhrt, “contingent of Bedouin mercenaries; specialty troops, proficient at handling camels and desert warfare”), Aramaic מהר, Hebrew מָהִיר, Hebrew מַהֵר, Phoenician 𐤌𐤄𐤓 (mhr), Classical Syriac ܡܗܪ (“to instruct, to be instructed, to learn, to excel”), Ge'ez ምሁረ (məhurä /⁠məhur⁠/, “trained”).

#### Verb

مَهَرَ • (mahara) I (non-past يَمْهُرُ (yamhuru) or يَمْهَرُ (yamharu), verbal noun مَهْر (mahr) or مَهَار (mahār) or مَهَارَة (mahāra) or مُهُور (muhūr))
* to be skilled or skillful
* to be proficient
* to be trained, expert especially at handling

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

From Proto-Semitic *muhr-.

#### Noun

مُهْر • (muhr) m (plural أَمْهَار (ʔamhār) or مِهَارَة (mihāra), feminine مُهْرَة (muhra))
* foal, colt

##### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

The first sense borrowed from Arabic مَهْر (mahr, “dowry”), from the verb مَهَرَ (mahara, “to contract, to give a dowry”); see above. The remaining senses inherited from Middle Persian mtr' (mihr, “bond, contract”), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mithra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Iranian *miθráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra) and the above for a possible layer of phono-semantic matching with the Semitic root regarding business contracts and reception.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mahɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɒːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäɦɾ]

#### Noun

مَهْر • (mahr) (plural مهرها (mahr-hâ))
* (Islam) Mahr, dowry, bride-price or gift; a pre-negotiated gift of monetary or symbolic value which is promised to a bride by a groom upon marriage.
* contracting
* contract
* covenant

##### Synonyms

* مهریه (mahriye)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian mtr' (Mihr), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra), Ancient Greek μεσίτης (mesítēs). Doublet of میترا (mitrā, personal name).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mihɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [me̞ɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [me̞ɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [meːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [miɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [meɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [meɦɾ]

#### Noun

| Dari | مهر |
| Iranian Persian | مهر |
| Tajik | меҳр |
مِهْر • (mehr)
* kindness, mercy
* love, affection, sympathy, friendship
* prosperity

##### Derived terms

* مهربان (mehrabân)
* مهربانی (mehrabâni)

##### Descendants

* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਹਰ (mihar)
    Shahmukhi script: مہر (mihr)

#### Proper noun

| Dari | مهر |
| Iranian Persian | مهر |
| Tajik | Меҳр |
مِهْر • (mehr)
* Mehr, the seventh month of the solar Persian calendar.
* Name of the sixteenth day of any month of the solar Persian calendar.
* the Sun
** 1990, “سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران”, performed by Hassan Riyahi & Sayed Bagheri:سر زد از افق مهر خاورانSar zad az ofoq mehr-e xâvarânUpwards on the horizon rises the eastern sun
** 2019, “شب رویایی”‎performed by Aron Afshar:سوگند به لبخند تو / دل من بند تو / ای مهر و ماه / تو جان بخواهSowgand be labxand-e to / Del-e man band-e to / Ey mehr o mâh / To jân bexâhI swear by your smile / That my heart is your slave / Oh my sun and moon / You can ask my life of me
* (Zoroastrianism) Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.

##### Derived terms

* مهرگان (mehregân)

##### Related terms

* مهرآباد (mehr-âbâd)
* مهرداد (mehrdâd)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: Մհեր (Mher)

#### See also

* مهر on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{fa}$
* (مهر (ماه on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{fa}$

### Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwdl), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”) (compare Parthian 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/, “seal”), and Bactrian μολρο (molro)); possibly cognate with words above, otherwise from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /⁠musar⁠/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”); cf. the many descendants of Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet; cylinder seal”) including دیوان (divân), دف (daf), دفتر (daftar), Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), طُوب (ṭūb), طَابَع (ṭābaʕ), ذَبْر (ḏabr, “a writing on palm-leaves, a book”), ذَبَرَ (ḏabara, “to write, to point; to read thoroughly; to understand well”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [muhɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞ɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞ɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [muɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [moɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mɵhɾ]

#### Noun

| Dari | مهر, تاپه |
| Iranian Persian | مهر |
| Tajik | мӯҳр |
مُهْر • (mohr) (plural مهرها (mohr-hâ))
* seal
* impression
* stamp
* (Shia Islam) A prayer-stone, sometimes made from clay from Karbala or Mashhad, which is placed on the ground in front of the worshipper and onto which the forehead is touched during prayer; also known as a turba.

##### Derived terms

* مهر زدن (mohr zadan)
* مهر کردن (mohr kardan)
* مهر و موم (mohr-o-mum)

##### Related terms

* مهره (mohre)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: möhür
* → Ossetian: мыхуыр (myx°yr)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مهر (mühr, mühür)
** Turkish: mühür
** → Bulgarian: муху́р (muhúr)
** → Macedonian: мухур (muhur)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: му̏хур
    Latin script: mȕhūr
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਹਰ (mohar)
    Shahmukhi script: مہر (mohr)
* → Tatar: мөһер (möher)

#### See also

* (مهر (نماز on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{fa}$