# 欒

| 欒 | U+6B12, &#27410; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B12 |
| ← 欑 [U+6B11] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 欓 → [U+6B13] |

## Translingual
### Han character

欒 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+19, 23 strokes, cangjie input 女火木 (VFD), four-corner 2290$_4$, composition ⿱龻木)

#### Derived characters

* 圞(𪢮) 灤(滦) 虊 𣡵 𬣘(𬤗)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 564, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15947
* Dae Jaweon: page 953, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1324, character 15
* Unihan data for U+6B12

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 欒
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·roːn) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 木 (“tree”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luán (luan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): luang$^2$ / luong$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): loân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luán
*** Wade–Giles: luan$^2$
*** Yale: lwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luan
*** Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯än³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lyun$^4$
*** Yale: lyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: luang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /luaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: luong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /luoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loân
*** Tâi-lô: luân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /luan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan²³/
* Middle Chinese: lwan
Rime :
| Character | 欒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 落官切 |
| Baxter | lwan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwan/ |
| Li Rong | /luɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /luɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]ə.rˤon/, /*[r]ˤo[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·roːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 欒 | 欒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | luán | luán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwan › | ‹ lwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m]ə.rˁon/ | /*[r]ˁo[n]/ |
| English | corners of the rim of an oval bell | emaciated, worn |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8616 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鑾 |
| Old Chinese | /*b·roːn/ |
| Notes | 金文作 |

### Definitions

欒
* Koelreuteria paniculata
* a surname

### References

* “欒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “欒”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “栾”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 147.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 栾 |
| Kyūjitai | 欒 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 栾)
* Koelreuteria paniculata
* get together
    Synonym: 圝

#### Readings

* Go-on: らん (ran)
* Kan-on: らん (ran)
* Kun: おうち (ōchi, 欒)、ひじき (hijiki, 欒)、まどか (madoka, 欒)、まるい (marui, 欒)

#### Compounds

* 欒(らん)栱(きょう) (rankyō)
* 欒(らん)子(し) (ranshi)
* 欒(らん)欒(らん) (ranran)
* 朱(しゅ)欒(らん) (shuran)
* 団(だん)欒(らん) (danran)
* 檀(だん)欒(らん) (danran)

## Korean
### Hanja

欒 (eumhun 둥글 란 (dunggeul ran), word-initial (South Korea) 둥글 난 (dunggeul nan)) 欒 (eumhun 모감주나무 란 (mogamjunamu ran), word-initial (South Korea) 모감주나무 난 (mogamjunamu nan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 欒

## Vietnamese
### Han character

欒: Hán Việt readings: loan
欒: Nôm readings: loan
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation