# gabh
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* gaibh (Munster)

### Etymology

From Old Irish gaibid (“grasp; receive”), from Proto-Celtic *gabyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-. Cognate with English habit.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɡavʲ/ (corresponding to the variant gaibh)
* (Aran) IPA: /ɡo/, /ɡau/
* (Cois Fharraige, Mayo) IPA: /ɡo/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɡoː/

### Verb

gabh (present analytic gabhann, future analytic gabhfaidh, verbal noun gabháil, past participle gafa)
* (transitive) take
* (transitive) arrest (take into legal custody)
* (intransitive) go
* (intransitive) come
* (transitive) perform (music)

#### Usage notes

* In Connemara, the future, conditional, and second-person singular imperative of this verb supply forms of téigh. In Ulster, the entire imperative supplies alternative forms of both tar (“come”) and téigh (“go”).

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | gabhaim | gabhann tú; gabhair$^†$ | gabhann sé, sí | gabhaimid | gabhann sibh | gabhann siad; gabhaid$^†$ | a ghabhann; a ghabhas / a ngabhann*; a ngabhas* | gabhtar |
| indicative | past | ghabh mé; ghabhas | ghabh tú; ghabhais | ghabh sé, sí | ghabhamar; ghabh muid | ghabh sibh; ghabhabhair | ghabh siad; ghabhadar | a ghabh / ar ghabh* | gabhadh |
| indicative | past habitual | ghabhainn | ghabhtá | ghabhadh sé, sí | ghabhaimis; ghabhadh muid | ghabhadh sibh | ghabhaidís; ghabhadh siad | a ghabhadh / ar ghabhadh* | ghabhtaí |
| future | future | gabhfaidh mé; gabhfad | gabhfaidh tú; gabhfair$^†$ | gabhfaidh sé, sí | gabhfaimid; gabhfaidh muid | gabhfaidh sibh | gabhfaidh siad; gabhfaid$^†$ | a ghabhfaidh; a ghabhfas / a ngabhfaidh*; a ngabhfas* | gabhfar |
| conditional | conditional | ghabhfainn / ngabhfainn‡‡ | ghabhfá / ngabhfá‡‡ | ghabhfadh sé, sí / ngabhfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghabhfaimis; ghabhfadh muid / ngabhfaimis‡‡; ngabhfadh‡‡ muid | ghabhfadh sibh / ngabhfadh sibh‡‡ | ghabhfaidís; ghabhfadh siad / ngabhfaidís‡‡ / ngabhfadh siad‡‡ | a ghabhfadh / ar ghabhfadh* | ghabhfaí / ngabhfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngabha mé; go ngabhad$^†$ | go ngabha tú; go ngabhair$^†$ | go ngabha sé, sí | go ngabhaimid; go ngabha muid | go ngabha sibh | go ngabha siad; go ngabhaid$^†$ | — | go ngabhtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngabhainn | dá ngabhtá | dá ngabhadh sé, sí | dá ngabhaimis; dá ngabhadh muid | dá ngabhadh sibh | dá ngabhaidís; dá ngabhadh siad | — | dá ngabhtaí |
| imperative | imperative | gabhaim | gabh | gabhadh sé, sí | gabhaimis | gabhaigí; gabhaidh$^†$ | gabhaidís | — | gabhtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil | gabháil |
| past participle | past participle | gafa | gafa | gafa | gafa | gafa | gafa | gafa | gafa |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
in older literary language and some parts of Munster, alternative future and conditional forms (identical to the independent future/conditional forms of faigh, but without lenition in the future) are found:
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| future | geobhaidh mé; geobhad | geobhaidh tú; geobhair$^†$ | geobhaidh sé, sí | geobhaimíd | geobhaidh sibh | geobhaidh siad; geobhaid | a gheobhaidh, a gheobhas / a ngeobhaidh*, a ngeobhas* | geofar |
| conditional | gheobhainn / ngeobhainn‡‡ | gheofá / ngeofá‡‡ | gheobhadh sé, sí / ngeobhadh sé, sí‡‡ | gheobhaimís / ngeobhaimís‡‡ | gheobhadh sibh / ngeobhadh sibh‡‡ | gheobhaidís / ngeobhaidís‡‡ | a gheobhadh / ar gheobhadh* | gheofaí / ngeofaí‡‡ |

#### Derived terms

* aisghabh
* gabh in ionad
* gabh mo leithscéal
* gabh seilbh ar
* gabhaigí mo leithscéal
* gabháil cheoil
* gabhdóir
* urghabh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 129
* ↑ Focail Fholaithe, "gabh i leith"
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 131, page 51

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gabh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gaibid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish gaibid (“grasp; receive”), from Proto-Celtic *gabyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ̊a/, /ɡ̊av/
* (Lewis) IPA: /ɡ̊ɔ/

### Verb

gabh (past ghabh, future gabhaidh, verbal noun gabhail, past participle gabhte)
* take, accept, receive, have
    Gabh cupa tì. ― Have/take a cup of tea.
* contain, hold
* sing, say, give, deliver, perform
    Gabh òran! ― Give [us] a song!
* get infected
* assume, pretend
* burn, kindle, ferment
* undertake, endeavour, be concerned with
* arrange
* can
    Cha ghabh sin a dhèanamh. ― That can't be done.
    cho teth 's a ghabhas ― as hot as possible
* must, be compelled to
* enlist, engage as a servant
* make secure
* entertain, treat
* acknowledge
* worry
* conceive, become pregnant
* beat, belabour
* betake, repair, proceed, go (motion)
* rest

#### Derived terms

* a' gabhail a-steach (“including”)
* cho luath sa ghabhas (“as soon as possible”)
* gabh a-steach (“include”)
* gabh air mhàl (“rent”) (from somebody)
* gabh àite (“take place”)
* gabh brath (“take advantage”)
* gabh dragh de (“be worried by”)
* gabh gaol air (“fall in love with”)
* gabh mo leisgeul (“excuse me”)
* gabh socair (“take it easy”)
* gabh tlachd ann (“enjoy”)
* gabh ùine (“take [one's] time”)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gaibid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎, Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Donald A. Morrison (2020) Modularity and stratification in phonology: Evidence from Scottish Gaelic (Thesis)‎, Manchester: University of Manchester

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “gabh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN