# λάβρος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* λαῦρος (laûros)

### Etymology

Unknown. Beekes rejects the traditional connections to λαβεῖν (labeîn) and λάζομαι (lázomai, “to seize, grasp”) and tentatively derives the word from Pre-Greek, albeit without strong evidence of typical Pre-Greek alternation patterns.
Another theory derives the word from a dissimilation of from Proto-Indo-European *rabʰros, from *rabʰ- (“to rage, to be furious, to anger”) (whence also Latin rabiō, rabiēs and Sanskrit रभस् (rabhas)); though semantically sound, this is phonetically difficult, as the expected form going from *ράφρος (*ráphros) > λάβρος (lábros) requires two consonant changes. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lá.bros/ → /ˈla.βros/ → /ˈla.vros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /lá.bros/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈla.bros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈla.βros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈla.vros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈla.vros/
* IPA: /lǎː.bros/ → /ˈla.βros/ → /ˈla.vros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /lǎː.bros/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈla.bros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈla.βros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈla.vros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈla.vros/

### Adjective

λᾱ́βρος • (lā́bros) m or f (neuter λᾱ́βρον); second declension (Homeric) λᾰ́βρος • (lắbros) m or f (neuter λᾰ́βρον); second declension (Post-Homeric) λᾰ́βρος • (lắbros) m (feminine λᾰ́βρᾱ, neuter λᾰ́βρον); first/second declension (Post-Homeric, rare)
* (Homeric, of wind and water) furious, boisterous
* (Homeric, of the Hellespont personified) huge, mighty
* (Post-Homeric, of men) boisterous, turbulent
* (Post-Homeric, of men, of speech) hasty
* (Post-Homeric, of men) fierce, violent, impetuous

#### Usage notes

* The initial alpha is long by position in Epic Greek but short in later texts. Although Homer does not use λάβρος to describe people or their speech, he has the related words λαβραγόρης and λαβρεύομαι used in those ways.

#### Derived terms

* λαβραγορέω (labragoréō)
* λαβραγόρης (labragórēs)
* λαβράζω (labrázō)
* λαβράκιον (labrákion)
* λαβράκτης (labráktēs)
* λαβράνιος (labránios)
* λάβραξ (lábrax)
* λαβρεία (labreía)
* λαβρεύομαι (labreúomai)
* λαβρηγορέω (labrēgoréō)
* λαβροβόρος (labrobóros)
* λαβρόνιον (labrónion)
* λαβρόομαι (labróomai)
* λαβροπόδης (labropódēs)
* λαβροποσία (labroposía)
* λαβροποτέω (labropotéō)
* λαβροσιάων (labrosiáōn)
* λαβροστομέω (labrostoméō)
* λαβροστομία (labrostomía)
* λαβροσύνη (labrosúnē)
* λαβρόσυτος (labrósutos)
* λαβρότης (labrótēs)
* λαβροφαγέω (labrophagéō)
* λαβρύσσει (labrússei)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “λάβρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 818

### Further reading

* “λάβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “λάβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “λάβρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* λάβρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* λάβρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “λάβρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter