# estancar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Possibly from a Late Latin *stancāre, derived by metathesis from stagnō, or from a Vulgar Latin *stanticāre, from stāns (“standing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.təŋˈka]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.taŋˈkaɾ]

### Verb

estancar (first-person singular present estanco, first-person singular preterite estanquí, past participle estancat)
* (transitive) to hold up, block, halt
* (reflexive) to stagnate
* (reflexive) to grind to a halt, come to a standstill

#### Derived terms

* estanc

### Further reading

* “estancar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Etymology

Uncertain, compare Spanish, Catalan estancar and Old French estanchier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [estaŋˈkaɾ]

### Verb

estancar (first-person singular present estanco, first-person singular preterite estanquei, past participle estancado)
* (transitive) to staunch (to stop the loss of blood)
    Synonym: estiñar
** 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 85:estas meezjnas para estanqar o sange non as deuen a amouer da chaga ataa o terçeiro diathese medicines used to staunch the blood must not be removed from the wound till the third day
* (of water) to detain, staunch, or hold back the flow of water

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estancar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “estanqar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estancar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estancar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estancar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estancar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estancar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Uncertain, compare Spanish estancar and Old French estanchier.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [is.tɐ̃ˈka(h)], /es.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [es.tɐ̃ˈka(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [is.tɐ̃ˈka(h)], /es.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [es.tɐ̃ˈka(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.tɐ̃ˈka(ɾ)/, /es.tɐ̃ˈka(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [iʃ.tɐ̃ˈka(χ)], /eʃ.tɐ̃ˈka(ʁ)/ [eʃ.tɐ̃ˈka(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.tɐ̃ˈka(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɐ̃ˈkaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɐ̃ˈkaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɐ̃ˈka.ɾi/
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Hyphenation: es‧tan‧car

### Verb

estancar (first-person singular present estanco, first-person singular preterite estanquei, past participle estancado)
* (transitive) to staunch (to stop the loss of blood)
    Synonym: vedar
* (transitive, figurative) to staunch (to stop, check, or deter an action)
** 1906, Raul Brandão, Os Pobres‎:Os pobres são como os rios. Estancam a sêde da terra, fazem inchar as raizes e crescer as arvores; acarretam; móem o pão nos moinhos. Eil-a a vida da terra. Todas as cathedraes se construíram da sua dôr; sem elles a vida pararia.The poor are like the rivers. They staunch earth's thirstiness, make roots swell and trees grow; they carry; they grind the bread at the mill. They're earth's life. All cathedrals have been built from their pain; without them life would cease.
* (intransitive, pronominal) to stop
    Synonym: parar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin stagnum, cognate with Old French estanchier and thereby English stanch. Alternatively from vulgar latin *extancāre, and this from Celtic *ektankō 'to fix, fasten'; cf. tancar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estanˈkaɾ/ [es.t̪ãŋˈkaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧tan‧car

### Verb

estancar (first-person singular present estanco, first-person singular preterite estanqué, past participle estancado)
* (of water) to detain, staunch, or hold back the flow of water
* to stall, suspend, or stop a project or business plan
* to prohibit the free movement of merchandise
* (reflexive) to stagnate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* estancado
* estancamiento
* estancarse
* estanco
* estanque
* estanqueidad
* estanquidad

### Further reading

* “estancar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10