# clog
## English
### Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Middle English clog (“weight attached to the leg of an animal to impede movement”). Perhaps of North Germanic origin and derived from Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“lump, mass, clasp”); compare Old Norse klugu, klogo (“knotty tree log”), Dutch klomp.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /klɒɡ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /klɑɡ/, /klɔɡ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒɡ

### Noun

clog (plural clogs)
* A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.
    Dutch people rarely wear clogs these days.
** 1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], Shirley. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 117:[…] as to the poor—just look at them when they come crowding about the church-doors on the occasion of a marriage or a funeral, clattering in clogs; […]
** 2002, Alice Sebold, chapter 5, in The Lovely Bones‎, Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, page 92:She stomped up the stairs. Her clogs slammed against the pine boards of the staircase and shook the house.
* A blockage.
    The plumber cleared the clog from the drain.
* (UK, colloquial) A shoe of any type.
** 1987, Bruce Robinson, Withnail and I, spoken by Withnail:I let him in this morning. He lost one of his clogs.
* A weight, such as a log or block of wood, attached to a person or animal to hinder motion.
** 1663 (indicated as 1664), [Samuel Butler], “The Second Part of Hudibras. Canto III.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:Yet as a Dog committed close / For some offence, by chance breaks loose, / And quits his Clog; but all in vain, / He still draws after him his Chain.
** 1855, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Letters”, in Maud, and Other Poems‎, London: Edward Moxon, page 115:A clog of lead was round my feet / A band of pain across my brow;
* That which hinders or impedes motion; an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment of any kind.
** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 45:The grand Conſpirator, Abbot of Weſtminster, / With clog of Conſcience, and ſowre Melancholly / Hath yeelded up his body to the graue;
** 1777, Edmund Burke, A Letter from Edmund Burke: Esq; one of the representatives in Parliament for the city of Bristol, to John Farr and John Harris, Esqrs. sheriffs of that city, on the Affairs of America‎, London: J. Dodsley, page 8:All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England, are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression.
** 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 69–70:By the same rule, they must send your mamma her travelling expences, miss; she can't have the clog of a couple of grown daughters at her heels without money in her pocket.
** 1864 August – 1866 January, [Elizabeth] Gaskell, chapter 56, in Wives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1866, →OCLC:If we were as rich as your uncle, I should feel it to be both a duty and a pleasure to keep an elegant table; but limited means are a sad clog to one’s wishes.

#### Derived terms

* beclog
* clever clogs
* clog almanac
* clog dance
* clogger
* clogless
* cloglike
* clogmaker
* clogmaking
* clogs to clogs in three generations
* clog wog
* clogwood
* pop one's clogs
* shot-clog
* Yule clog

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

clog (third-person singular simple present clogs, present participle clogging, simple past and past participle clogged)
* To block or slow passage through (often with 'up').
    Hair is clogging the drainpipe.
    The roads are clogged up with traffic.
* To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion; to hamper.
** 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:The wings of winds were clogged with ice and snow.
* To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.
** 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:The commodities […] are clogged with impositions.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:You'll rue the time / That clogs me with this answer.
* (law) To enforce a mortgage lender right that prevents a borrower from exercising a right to redeem.
** 1973, Humble Oil & Refining Co. v. Doerr, 123 N.J. Super. 530, 544, 303 A.2d 898.
    For centuries it has been the rule that a mortgagor’s equity of redemption cannot be clogged and that he cannot, as a part of the original mortgage transaction, cut off or surrender his right to redeem. Any agreement which does so is void and unenforceable as against public policy.
* (intransitive) To perform a clog dance.
** 2014, Jeff Abbott, Cut and Run:And in a burst of Celtic drums and fiddles, a bosomy colleen with a jaunty green hat and suit jacket riverdanced onto the stage, clogging with a surprising degree of expertise, barely restrained breasts jiggling.

#### Derived terms

* anticlog
* cloggable
* clogger
* clogosphere
* cloggy
* clog up
* declog
* nonclogging
* reclog
* unclog
* uncloggable

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Transactions of the Philological Society. (1899). United Kingdom: Society, p. 657

### Anagrams

* G-LOC

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish cloc, from Old Irish cloc, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”). Doublet of clóca.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kl̪ˠɔɡ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /klˠoɡ/, /kl̪ˠoɡ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /klˠɞɡ/, /kl̪ˠɞɡ/

### Noun

clog m (genitive singular cloig, nominative plural cloig)
* bell
* clock
* blowball, clock (of dandelion)
* blister

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
clog
cloig
vocative
a chloig
a chloga
genitive
cloig
clog
dative
clog
cloig
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an clog
na cloig
genitive
an chloig
na gclog
dative
leis an gclog don chlog
leis na cloig :
* Alternative plural: cloganna (Cois Fharraige)

#### Derived terms

* a chlog (“o'clock”)
* clog adamhach (“atomic clock”)
* clog cuaiche (“cuckoo clock”)
* clogach (“stunning, deafening; blistered”)
* clogad (“helmet”)
* clogaire (“bell ringer”)
* clogán (“small bell; small blister”)
* clogás m (“bell tower, belfry”)
* clogra (“chimes”)

### Verb

clog (present analytic clogann, future analytic clogfaidh, verbal noun clogadh, past participle clogtha)
* (intransitive) ring a bell
* (transitive) stun with noise
* (intransitive) blister

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | clogaim | clogann tú; clogair$^†$ | clogann sé, sí | clogaimid | clogann sibh | clogann siad; clogaid$^†$ | a chlogann; a chlogas / a gclogann* | clogtar |
| indicative | past | chlog mé; chlogas | chlog tú; chlogais | chlog sé, sí | chlogamar; chlog muid | chlog sibh; chlogabhair | chlog siad; chlogadar | a chlog / ar chlog* | clogadh |
| indicative | past habitual | chlogainn / gclogainn‡‡ | chlogtá / gclogtá‡‡ | chlogadh sé, sí / gclogadh sé, sí‡‡ | chlogaimis; chlogadh muid / gclogaimis‡‡; gclogadh muid‡‡ | chlogadh sibh / gclogadh sibh‡‡ | chlogaidís; chlogadh siad / gclogaidís‡‡; gclogadh siad‡‡ | a chlogadh / a gclogadh* | chlogtaí / gclogtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | clogfaidh mé; clogfad | clogfaidh tú; clogfair$^†$ | clogfaidh sé, sí | clogfaimid; clogfaidh muid | clogfaidh sibh | clogfaidh siad; clogfaid$^†$ | a chlogfaidh; a chlogfas / a gclogfaidh* | clogfar |
| conditional | conditional | chlogfainn / gclogfainn‡‡ | chlogfá / gclogfá‡‡ | chlogfadh sé, sí / gclogfadh sé, sí‡‡ | chlogfaimis; chlogfadh muid / gclogfaimis‡‡; gclogfadh muid‡‡ | chlogfadh sibh / gclogfadh sibh‡‡ | chlogfaidís; chlogfadh siad / gclogfaidís‡‡; gclogfadh siad‡‡ | a chlogfadh / a gclogfadh* | chlogfaí / gclogfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gcloga mé; go gclogad$^†$ | go gcloga tú; go gclogair$^†$ | go gcloga sé, sí | go gclogaimid; go gcloga muid | go gcloga sibh | go gcloga siad; go gclogaid$^†$ | — | go gclogtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá gclogainn | dá gclogtá | dá gclogadh sé, sí | dá gclogaimis; dá gclogadh muid | dá gclogadh sibh | dá gclogaidís; dá gclogadh siad | — | dá gclogtaí |
| imperative | imperative | clogaim | clog | clogadh sé, sí | clogaimis | clogaigí; clogaidh$^†$ | clogaidís | — | clogtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh | clogadh |
| past participle | past participle | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha | clogtha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 154
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “clog”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “clog”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 150
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “clogaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 151

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *klog, from Proto-Celtic *klukā. Cognate with Irish cloch, Scottish Gaelic clach.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kloːɡ/
* Rhymes: -oːɡ

### Noun

clog f (plural clogau)
* cliff, rockface

#### Derived terms

* clogwyn (“cliff”)
* penglog (“skull”)

#### Related terms

* clegyr (“rock, crag”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.