# قطب
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ق ط ب (q ṭ b). The plant-name is suspect of an old Aramaic loan, preceding dissimilated Classical Syriac ܩܘܽܪܛܒܳܐ (qurṭəḇā) and ܛܘܽܪܒܳܐ (ṭurṭəḇā) (and ܩܘܽܛܒܳܐ (quṭəḇā), ܩܘܽܛܒܬܳܐ (quṭəḇtā, “puncture-vine”), possibly Arabisms), however already with the meaning specification, but agreeing with Biblical Hebrew קֹטֶב (qōṭəḇ), קֶטֶב (qeṭeḇ, “thorn”). Compare رَتَم (ratam) for a similar constellation.

### Verb

قَطَبَ • (qaṭaba) I (non-past يَقْطِبُ (yaqṭibu), verbal noun قَطْب (qaṭb))
* to gather, to collect, to bind together, to contract
* (obsolete) to mix the wine, to fill it into its vessels in a blended state
** a. 625, اَلأَعْشَى (al-ʔaʕšā)
    وَكَأسٍ كَعَينِ الديكِ باكَرتُ حَدَّها بِفِتيانِ صِدقٍ وَالنَواقيسُ تُضرَبُ سُلافٍ كَأَنَّ الزَعفَرانَ وَعَندَما يُصَفَّقُ في ناجودِها ثُمَّ تُقطَبُwa-kaʾsin ka-ʿayni ad-dīki bākartu ḥadda-hā bi-fityāni ṣidqin wa-n-nawāqīsu tuḍrabu sulāfin ka-ʾanna az-zaʿfarāna wa-ʿindamā yuṣaffaqu fī nājūdi-hā ṯumma tuqṭabuThere are stoops splendid like cock’s eyen, and I betook myself early to cross the border [into the land of the Christians] with friendly lads, where the bells are hit, where there is fore-must wine like saffron, and one clinks the beakers and then mixes the wine.

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَطَبَ • (qaṭaba) I (non-past يَقْطِبُ (yaqṭibu), verbal noun قَطْب (qaṭb) or قُطُوب (quṭūb))
* to knit the eyebrows, to scowl

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَطَّبَ • (qaṭṭaba) II (non-past يُقَطِّبُ (yuqaṭṭibu), verbal noun تَقْطِيب (taqṭīb))
* to scowl, to glower; to knit the brow, to frown
* (obsolete) to mix the wine, to fill it into its vessels in a blended state
* to bind or sew together

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قُطْب • (quṭb) m (plural أَقْطَاب (ʔaqṭāb))
* axis, axle
* pivot, hub
* (electricity, astronomy, geography) pole
* (usually in the plural) leader, authority, leading personality, celebrity

#### Derived terms

* قُطْبِيّ (quṭbiyy, “polar”)

#### Descendants

* → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܘܼܛܒܵܐ (quṭbā)
* → Azerbaijani: qütb
* → Bengali: কুতুব (kutub)
* → Chagatai: قطب
** Uyghur: قۇتۇپ (qutup)
** Uzbek: qutb
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: क़ुत्ब (qutb)
** Urdu: قطب (qutb)
* → Israeli Hebrew: קֹטֶב (kótev)
* → Malay: kutub
** Indonesian: kutub
* → Ottoman Turkish: قطب (kutb, vulg. kutub, kutup)
** Turkish: kutup
* → Pashto: قطب
* → Persian: قطب (qotb)
* → Punjabi: قُطْب (qut̤b)
* → Sindhi: قطب
* → Tatar: котып (qotıp)

### Noun

قَطْب • (qaṭb) m
* verbal noun of قَطَبَ (qaṭaba) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

قَطْب or قُطُب • (qaṭb or quṭub) m
* puncture-vine (Tribulus spp.)
    Synonyms: شَرْشَر (šaršar), شَكُوهَج (šakūhaj), حَسَك (ḥasak)

#### Descendants

* → Israeli Hebrew: קֹטֶב (kótev)
* → Tigre: ቅጠብ (ḳəṭäb), ቀጠብ (ḳäṭäb)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قطب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 463
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “قطب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 905

## Malay
### Noun

قطب (plural قطب-قطب or قطب٢, informal 1st possessive قطبکو, 2nd possessive قطبمو, 3rd possessive قطبڽ)
* Jawi spelling of kutub‎

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb, “axis, axle; pole”).

### Noun

قطب • (kutb or kutub) (definite accusative قطبی (kutbu, kutubu), plural اقطاب (aktâb) or قطوب (kutub))
* axle, pivot, the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel
    Synonyms: دنكل (dingil), محور (mihver)
* (geography) pole, either of the two points on the earth's surface around which it rotates
* (Sufism) qutb, one of the Sufi spiritual leaders, thought to have divine connection with God

#### Derived terms

* قطب ارض (kutb-ı arz, “pole of the Earth”)
* قطب العارفین (kutbüʼl-ʼarifîn, “the best of the wise”)
* قطب جنوبی (kutb-ı cenubî, “South Pole”)
* قطب حقیقی (kutb-ı hakikî, “geographic pole”)
* قطب رسالت (kutb-ı risâlet, “the prophet Mohammed”)
* قطب زمان (kutb-ı zemân, “the chief of the saints”)
* قطب شمالی (kutb-ı şimâlî, “North Pole”)
* قطب فلك (kutb-ı felek, “pole of the spheres”)
* قطب مثبت (kutb-ı müsbet, “cathode”)
* قطب مقناطیسی (kutb-ı mıknatısî, “magnetic pole”)
* قطب یلدزی (kutub yıldızı, “polar star”)
* قطبی (kutbî, kutubî, “polar”)
* قطبیت (kutbiyet, “polarity”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kutup

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kutup”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2869
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “kutb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 633
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قطب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 964
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Polus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1315
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قطب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3719
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kutup”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قطب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1461

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb).

### Noun

قطب • (qutb) m
* pole

### Further reading
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qutβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qʊt̪b]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qʊt̪b]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qʊt̪b]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qut̪b̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qot̪b̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qut̪b]

### Noun

| Dari | قطب |
| Iranian Persian | قطب |
| Tajik | қутб |
قطب • (qotb) (plural قطب‌ها (qotb-hâ) or اقطاب (aqtâb))
* pole
    قطب شمال ― qotb-e šomâl ― North Pole
* (Sufism) saint; specifically, a high-ranking saint considered the "pole of the world".

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “قطب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb).

### Noun

قُطْب • (qut̤b) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੁਤਬ)
* pole

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “قُطب”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb).

### Noun

قُطِبُ • (transliteration needed) ?
* pole

### Further reading

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “قُطِبُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
* “قطب”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قُطْب (quṭb).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /qʊt̪b/, /qʊ.t̪ʊb/, /qʊ.t̪əb/

### Noun

قُطْب • (qutb) m (Hindi spelling क़ुत्ब)
* pole

### Further reading

* “قطب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “قطب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “قطب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.