OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ꦲꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀
## Javanese
### Etymology

Affixed ꦲꦢꦸ (adu) +‎ -ꦲꦤ꧀ (-an).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.dɔn/
* Rhymes: -dɔn
* Hyphenation: a‧don

### Noun

ꦲꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (adon)
* something that is made to fight
* mixture

#### Descendants

* → Malay: ادون (adun)
** → Tausug: addun
* → Indonesian: adon

### Further reading

* “adu” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# 已むを得ず
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 已 | 得 |
| や Jinmeiyō | え Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 已むを得ず – see the following entry. :
| 【止やむを得えず】 | [phrase] Alternative form of 止むを得ない (yamu o enai, “have no choice but to”) Alternative spelling 不得已 |
(This term, 已むを得ず, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 正巳
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 巳 |
| まさ Grade: 1 | み Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠sa̠mʲi]

### Proper noun

正(まさ)巳(み) • (Masami)
* a male given name
# しゃーなし
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of しゃーなし – see the following entry. :
| 【しゃあなし】 | [interjection] (slang) Alternative form of しゃあない; alternative form of しょうがない |
(This term, しゃーなし (shānashi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# Diu
## English
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈdiːuː/

### Proper noun

Diu
* A city in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India.
* A district of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India.

### Anagrams

* D.U.I., DUI, IDU, IUD, UDI, UID, Udi, dui, udi-, uid

## Corsican
### Alternative forms

* Dio

### Etymology

From Latin Deus, from deus. See further etymology on diu. Cognates include Italian Dio and French Dieu.

### Proper noun

Diu m
* (Christianity) God

#### References

* http://infcor.adecec.net/

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin Deus.

### Proper noun

Diu m
* (Christianity) God

#### Synonyms

* Idiu, Signôr, Ğho

#### Related terms

* diu

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin Deus.

### Proper noun

Diu m
* (Christianity) God

#### Related terms

* diu

## Picard
### Etymology

From Latin Deus.

### Proper noun

Diu m
* (Christianity) God

#### Related terms

* diu

## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* Deu

### Etymology

From Latin Deus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdi.u/, [ˈd̪iːʊ̠]
* Hyphenation: Dì‧u

### Proper noun

Diu m
* (Christianity) God

#### Related terms

* diu
* deu
# sıxır
## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sïgïr. Cognate to Turkmen sygyr, Southern Altai сыйыр (sïyïr), etc.

### Pronunciation

* (Ili, Xinjiang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: /sɨχɨr/

### Noun

sıxır (3rd person possessive sıxırı, plural sıxırlar)
* bull, ox

### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “sıxır”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow
* Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “sıxır”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 160
# Hailakandi
## English
### Etymology

Transliteration of Sylheti ꠢꠣꠁꠟꠣꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠤ (hailaxandi).

### Proper noun

Hailakandi
* A district of Assam, India.
# 德利病
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 德 | 利 | 病 |
| とく > とっく Jinmeiyō (ateji) | り Grade: 4 (ateji) | びょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||
For pronunciation and definitions of 德利病 – see the following entry. :
| 【とっくりびょう】 | [noun] (mycology) "tokkuri disease": disease in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees where the trunk displays tokkuri-shaped hypertrophy Alternative spellings 徳利病, とっくり病 |
(This term, 德利病, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (徳利病) of the above term.) :
# とくよう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of とくよう – see the following entries. :
| 【特養】 | [noun] Short for 特別養護老人ホーム (tokubetsu yōgo rōjin hōmu). |
| 【徳用】 | [adjective] economical [noun] economy, advantageous |
(This term, とくよう (tokuyō), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) :
# Eileseech
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

Literally Eile (“owl's”) +‎ Seech (“piss”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɑɪləzeːɕ]

### Noun

Eileseech f (plural Eileseechen)
* (slang) dishwater (unpleasant coffee)

#### Synonyms

* Muckefuck
* Schlutchen
* Spullwaasser
# Panipat
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi पानीपत (pānīpat), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢 (paṇṇapatta) or 𑀧𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pannapatta), from Sanskrit पाण्डुप्रस्थ (pāṇḍuprastha, “City of Pāṇḍu”), from पाण्डु (pāṇḍu, “A character from the Mahabharata”) and प्रस्थ (prastha, “city”).

### Proper noun

Panipat
* A city and district of Haryana, India, where three important battles were fought.
# Poonch
## English
### Proper noun

Poonch
* A town, a district of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
* A district, a division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
* a river in the autonomous territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
# Holy Family
## English
### Proper noun

the Holy Family
* (Christianity) Jesus and his parents: Jesus Christ, Saint Mary, and Saint Joseph.
    Meronyms: Jesus, Mary, Joseph

#### See also

* Jesus, Mary and Joseph
# head in the sand
## English
### Alternative forms

* head-in-the-sand (attributive)

### Etymology

A reference to the imagined habit of the ostrich burying its head when threatened.

### Noun

head in the sand (plural heads in the sand)
* A state of disregarding or denying a problem or threat.
    People who deny the inevitable zombie apocalypse have their heads in the sand.
** 1961 June, B. A. Haresnape, “Design on the railway: Part Four”, in Trains Illustrated, page 354:In my opinion, the railways still have their heads in the sand on the subject of railway liveries.
** 1982 February 6, Jil Clark, quoting Mark Pierce, “Gay Father in Maine Fights for Custody of Son”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 28, page 1:Pierce commented that he has never considered himself to be "a militant homosexual or anything like that, but if they expect us to sit around with our heads in the sand and not fight back, call me militant."

#### Related terms

* bury one's head in the sand

#### See also

* ostrich policy
* ostrich politics

### Further reading

* Ostrich effect on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# bloemdier
## Dutch
### Etymology

From bloem (“flower”) +‎ dier (“animal”), perhaps translating the scientific name.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈblum.diːr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bloem‧dier

### Noun

bloemdier n (plural bloemdieren, diminutive bloemdiertje n)
* an anthozoan, animal of the class Anthozoa
# trôços
## Portuguese

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Noun

trôços
* (Brazil) plural of trôço
# textbookish
## English
### Etymology

From textbook +‎ -ish.

### Adjective

textbookish (comparative more textbookish, superlative most textbookish)
* Characteristic of a textbook
** 1976 February 7, Mark N. Silber, “After You're Out Is the Post-Stonewall Guide to Liberation”, in Gay Community News, volume 3, number 32, page 16:Another shortcoming of After You're Out is a lack of the emotion-invoking personality that was so evident in Out Of The Closets […] most of the essays seem cold and clinical. In this respect, After You're Out seems textbookish.
# transphobia
## English
### Etymology

From trans- +‎ -phobia or trans +‎ -phobia.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

transphobia (usually uncountable, plural transphobias)
* Hatred or fear of, or prejudice against, transgender and transsexual people.
** 1998, Kate Bornstein, My Gender Workbook:It is not really a debate about privacy and personal safety versus politics, so much as an impulse towards pride and a rejection of internalized transphobia.
** 2006, Susan Stryker, Stephen Whittle, The Transgender Studies Reader:In this case, transphobia is represented in Pollock's terms as both the "condition and the effect" of Cameron's social existence.
* (chemistry) The preference of pairs of high-trans effect soft ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and having other low-trans effect hard ligands trans to themselves.
** 2002 December 2, José Vicente, Aurelia Arcas, Delia Bautista, M. Carmen Ramı́rez de Arellano, Mono- and di-nuclear complexes of ortho-palladated and -platinated 4,4′-dimethylazobenzene with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane. More data on transphobia. in the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, volume 663, issues 1-2, pages 164–172:
    This unusual reactivity and the selectivity observed can be explained as a consequence of the high transphobia of aryl and P-donor ligands […]
** 2009, José Vicente, “Coordination chemistry of metal enolato complexes”, in Jacob Zabicky, editor, The chemistry of metal enolates, page 316:The reactions of trans-[Pt(Mef)Br(PPh$_3$)$_2$] with AgBF$_4$ and Ph$_3$ECHC(O)R (E = P, R = Me, OMe, Ph; E = As, R = Me) afford only trans-[Pt(Mef){OC(=CHEPh$_3$)R}(PPh$_3$)$_2$] because the C-alkyl/C-ylide transphobia is greater than the C-alkyl/O-ylide transphobia and also because of the lower steric requirement of the O-ylide ligand.
** 2014, Robert H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, →ISBN, page 78:In the symbiotic effect, a hard ligand tends to form ionic M-L bonds in which L retains more negative charge than in a soft ligand case, letting the metal ion keep more of its positive charge and hence attract additional hard ligands, […] . The antisymbiotic effect, also called transphobia, applies to pairs of high trans effect, soft ligands on a soft metal. Where a choice exists, there is a strong tendency for such ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and preferring to have low trans effect, hard ligands trans to themselves.

#### Antonyms

* transphilia

#### Coordinate terms

* cisphobia
* homophobia
* heterophobia
* biphobia
* interphobia

#### Related terms

* transphobe
* transphobic
* transphobism
* transmisia
# Jingūji
## Japanese
### Romanization

Jingūji
* Rōmaji transcription of じんぐうじ
# Fatz
## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fats/, [fɑt͡s], [fɑts]
    Rhymes: -ɑts

### Noun

Fatz f (plural Fatzen)
* cloth, rag
    Synonym: Lomp
* (slang) scrap (of paper, of fabric)
a Fatze rappen:
* (slang) to tear to pieces, to tear to shreds
    Synonym: a Fatze räissen

### Noun

Fatz m (uncountable)
kee Fatz
* (slang) nothing at all, sod all
* (slang) not a bit, not at all
    Synonyms: kee Batz, kee Fascht

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German Furz, English fart.

### Noun

Fatz m
* fart
# saxıt
## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sagut. Compare to Kazakh сауыт (sauyt), etc.

### Noun

saxıt (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])
* vessel

### References

Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “saxyt”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow
# Mëttel
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Old High German mittil, from Proto-Germanic *midlą. Cognate with German Mittel, English middle, Dutch middel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmətəl/, [mˈətəl]

### Noun

Mëttel n (plural Mëttelen)
* means, method
* (plural only) capital, funds, means
    Synonym: Moyen
* medicament, remedy
    Synonym: Heelmëttel
* product (chemical substance)
# Shimla
## English
### Alternative forms

* Simla

### Etymology

Transliteration of Hindi शिमला (śimlā).

### Proper noun

Shimla
* A city and district, the state capital of Himachal Pradesh, India.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Halims, Hamils, Hislam, Malhis, lamish

## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Shimla f
* Shimla (a city, the state capital of Himachal Pradesh, India)
# འཐག
## Tibetan
### Etymology 1

The sense “to weave” is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tək (“to weave, to plait”), cognate with Chinese 織 (OC *tjɯɡs, *tjɯɡ).

#### Pronunciation

* Old Tibetan: /*ⁿtʰak/
* Lhasa: /tʰa˥˨/
* Batang: /ɬa˥˧/
* Dêgê: /ɬa˥˧/
* Bla-Brang: /tʰak/
* Old Tibetan:
** IPA: /*ⁿtʰak/ (reconstructed)
* Ü-Tsang
** Tibetan pinyin: ta$^h$
** (Lhasa) IPA: /tʰa˥˨/
* Khams
** (Batang) IPA: /ɬa˥˧/
** (Dêgê) IPA: /ɬa˥˧/
* Amdo
** (Bla-Brang) IPA: /tʰak/

#### Verb

འཐག • ('thag) (nominal form འཐག་པ)
* to weave, to knit, to plait
* to grind, to mill, to crush
* to conquer, to annihilate

##### Derived terms

* འཐག་པ་པོ ('thag pa po, “weaver”)
* ཐགས་འཐག (thags 'thag, “to weave (cloth)”)
* འཐག་ཁྲི ('thag khri, “loom”)

##### Related terms

* འཐག ('thag, “mill, millstone”)
* འཐགས་པ ('thags pa, “(archaic?) to grind; to weave”)
* ཐགས (thags, “texture, web”)

##### See also

* འདོགས ('dogs, “to bind, to tie, to join”)
* ཐག་པ (thag pa, “string, rope”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

འཐག • ('thag) (nominal form འཐག་པ)
* (intransitive) to reduce by boiling, to dry up, to dry out
# vêja
## Portuguese

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Verb

vêja
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1971 in Brazil and 1945 in Portugal) of veja.
# çıxarğusı
## Salar
### Etymology 1

Causative of Salar çıqğusı. Cognate with Turkish çıkarmak, Southern Altai чыгар- (čïgar-, “to take out”), Kyrgyz чыгаруу (cıgaruu), etc.

#### Pronunciation

* (Chahandusi, Jiezi, Gaizi, Qingshui, Hanbahe, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [tʃiχɑr]
* (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA: [tʃɨχɑr]

#### Verb

çıxarğusı
* to pull out, extract
* to take out
* to raise, plant
* to release
* to invent

#### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “çıxarğusı”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 311-312
* Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “çıxarğusı”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 68
* 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “çıxarğusı”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 290

### Etymology 2

Alternative pronunciation of Salar çıqra (“to invite, call”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [tʃiχɑr], [tʃɨχɑr]

#### Verb

çıxarğusı
* to invite, call

#### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “çıxarğusı”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 311-312
# heelen
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German heilen, from Proto-West Germanic *hailijan, from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną.
Cognate with German heilen, Dutch helen, English heal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈheːlen/, [ˈheːlən]
* Rhymes: -eːlən

### Verb

heelen (third-person singular present heelt, past participle geheelt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (transitive) to heal
    Synonym: kuréieren
heelen (third-person singular present heelt, past participle geheelt, auxiliary verb sinn)
* (intransitive) to heal

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

## Middle English
### Verb

heelen (third-person singular simple present heeleth, present participle heelende, heelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle heeled)
* Alternative form of helen
# μάραθον
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* μάραθρον (márathron)

### Etymology

Probably a Pre-Greek loan of foreign origin. The old connection with Swedish mjärde (“fish-trap”) is to be rejected when considering the phonetics of Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (ma-ra-tu-wo). Compare Albanian maraj.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /má.ra.tʰon/ → /ˈma.ra.θon/ → /ˈma.ra.θon/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /má.ra.tʰon/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈma.ra.tʰon/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈma.ra.θon/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈma.ra.θon/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈma.ra.θon/

### Noun

μᾰ́ρᾰθον • (mắrăthon) n (genitive μᾰρᾰ́θου); second declension
* fennel

#### Derived terms

* ἱππομάραθον (hippomárathon)
* Μαραθών (Marathṓn) (unless folk etymology)

#### Descendants

* →? Proto-Albanian:
** Albanian: maraj
* > Greek: μάραθο (máratho) (inherited)
* → Latin: marathrum, marathum, maratum
** >? Romanian: mărar
** →? Old Church Slavonic: молотрь (molotrĭ)
** >? Dalmatian:
*** → Serbo-Croatian: mȍtar (“sea fennel”)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάραθον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 903-4

### Further reading

* “μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “μάραθον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* μάραθον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. fennel idem, page 315.
* “μάραθον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# germanus
## Latin
### Etymology

From germen (“sprout, bud”), perhaps for *germ(i)nānus. Not to be confused with the unrelated Germānus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡerˈmaː.nus/, [ɡɛrˈmäːnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /d͡ʒerˈma.nus/, [d͡ʒerˈmäːnus]
* Homophone: Germānus

### Adjective

germānus (feminine germāna, neuter germānum, adverb germānē); first/second-declension adjective
* of brothers or sisters
* full, own
* true, natural, authentic
* (poetic) denoting intimate friendship

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* Italian: germano
* → Old French: germain
** French: germain
** Norman: gèrmain
** → English: germane, german
* → Portuguese: germano

### Noun

germānus m (genitive germānī, feminine germāna); second declension
* brother

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* frāter

#### Descendants

* West Iberian
** Extremaduran: ermanu
** Navarro-Aragonese:
*** Aragonese: chirmán
** Old Leonese: ermano
*** Asturian: hermanu
*** Leonese: hermanu
*** Mirandese: armano
*** → Fala: hermanu
** Old Galician-Portuguese: irmão, yrmão, hermão, irmao
*** Galician: irmán, ermao, irmao, hermao (Eonavian)
*** Portuguese: irmão (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: ermano
*** Ladino: ermano
*** Spanish: hermano (see there for further descendants)
* Italian: germano
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: germà
* Sardinian: germanu, ghermanu, grammanu, zermanu
* Venetan: zerman, xerman, đerman, darman, germàn
* → Portuguese: germano
* → Spanish: germán, germano

### Related terms

* germāna
* germānē
* germānitās
* germānitus
* germen
* germinō

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gignō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 260-1: “The noun germen < *gen-men lies at the basis of germānus < *germn-āno-, even if the noun is attested significantly later than the adj.”

### Further reading

* “germanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “germanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* germanus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “germanus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* Lewis & Short, A Latin Dictionary
# germen
## English
### Etymology

From Latin germen (“germ, seed”). Doublet of germ.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈdʒɜː.mən/
* (US) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/
* Homophone: German
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)mən

### Noun

germen (plural germens or germina)
* (biology) The basic form of an organism; the seed or germ.

### Anagrams

* Mergen

## Latin
### Etymology

From earlier *genmen via dissimilation, from Proto-Italic *genamen, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁mn̥ (“offspring”, “seed”), from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”, “to give birth”). Equivalent to gignō (“I beget”) +‎ -men (noun-forming suffix). Compare with genimen.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡer.men/, [ˈɡɛrmɛn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒer.men/, [ˈd͡ʒɛrmen]

### Noun

germen n (genitive germinis); third declension
* shoot, sprout, bud
* germ, seed, origin
* embryo, fetus

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* germānus
* germinascō
* germinō

#### Related terms

* germinātiō
* germinātus

#### Descendants

* Galician: xerme, xermolo
* Italian: germe
* → Catalan: germen
* → English: germ, germen
* → French: germe
* → Occitan: gèrme
* → Portuguese: germe
* → Romanian: germen
* → Spanish: germen

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gignō, -ere (> Derivatives > germen, -inis 'shoot, sprout')”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 260-1
* ↑ “gens”; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “germen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “germen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* germen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* germene

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin germen.

### Noun

germen m (plural germeni)
* embryo
    Synonym: embrion
* (biology) seed, germ (small mass of cells from which an organism grows)
* germ
    Synonym: microb
* principle, element, component
    Synonyms: principiu, element

#### Related terms

* germina
* germinare
* germinat
* germinabil
* germinabilitate

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin germen (“germ, seed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxeɾmen/ [ˈxeɾ.mẽn]
* Rhymes: -eɾmen
* Syllabification: ger‧men

### Noun

germen m (plural gérmenes)
* germen
* microbe, microorganism
* (figurative) seed, origin

#### Derived terms

* germicida

#### Related terms

* germinar

### Further reading

* “germen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# muquirana
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Tupi mokyrana (“body louse”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾɐ̃.nɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾɐ̃.nɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾɐ.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾɐ.nɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾɐ.nɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /mu.kiˈɾa.nɐ/

### Noun

muquirana m or f by sense (plural muquiranas)
* (Brazil, slang) cheapskate; miser (someone who avoids spending money)
    Synonyms: pão-duro, mão de vaca, avarento, sovina, forreta

### Adjective

muquirana m or f (plural muquiranas)
* (Brazil, slang) miserly (who avoids spending money)
    Synonyms: sovina, forreta (Portugal), muquinha

### References

* ↑ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “mokyrana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 296, column 2