# 伯公
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bógōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^3$ gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pak-kûng
    (Hailu, HRS): bag$^ˋ$ gung$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bag$^5$ gung$^1$
    (Changting, Changting Pinyin): ba$^2$ gong$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): bă-góng
* Eastern Min (BUC): báh-gŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba$^5$ gorng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): peh-kong / peeh-kong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh$^4$ gong$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): be$^7$ gong$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Ningbo): $^7$paq-kon$_1$
** (Jinhua): $^7$peq-kon$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bógōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bógong
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: bwó-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: borgong
*** Palladius: богун (bogun)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^3$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: baak gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^8$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^3$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak-kûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: bag$^ˋ$ gung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bag$^5$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pak̚² kuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bag$^ˋ$ gung$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pak² kuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bag$^5$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pak̚¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/
** (Changting)
*** Changting Pinyin: ba$^2$ gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pa²⁴ koŋ³³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bă-góng
*** Sinological IPA : /pa²⁴ kɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: báh-gŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$uŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ba$^5$ gorng$^1$ [Phonetic: ba$^1$ orng$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /pa²¹⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh-kong
*** Tâi-lô: peh-kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pehkofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pe(ʔ)⁵ kɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh-kong
*** Tâi-lô: peeh-kong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bêh$^4$ gong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh kong
*** Sinological IPA : /peʔ²⁻⁴ koŋ³³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: be$^7$ gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pɛ⁵⁵ kɔŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^7$paq-kon$_1$
*** MiniDict: pah$^入$ kon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /pɐʔ⁵⁵ koŋ³³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^7$peq-kon$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /pəʔ⁴⁴ koŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

伯公
* great-uncle (paternal grandfather's elder brother)
* uncle-in-law (husband's father's elder brother)
* (Huizhou, Jinhua Wu) uncle-in-law (wife's father's elder brother)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 伯祖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 伯爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 伯公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Changting | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 公公 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 大公 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 大爹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 伯公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 伯公 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伯公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 老伯 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 伯公 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 伯公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 伯公 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 伯爹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 伯公 |
* (wife's father's elder brother): (Xizhou Jin) 伯丈人

### Proper noun

伯公
* (chiefly Hakka, Teochew) Alternative name for 土地公 (Tǔdìgōng).
** 2015, 黃瑋傑 (lyrics and music), “天光日”, in 《天光。日》‎, performed by 黃瑋傑:
       na-sṳ̀ kóng, ke yin-kông siông-thùng chhiâng-chhiâng, hò-pa hàn chhiang-chhiang, he pak-kûng thùng ló chú-siên, sí-miang pia liù hâ-lòi ke ná [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 福德正神, 土地, 土地神 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 土地公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 土地老 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 土地老 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 土地爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 土地老 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 土地老兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 大伯公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 土地公, 大伯公 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 土地爺爺, 土地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 土老爺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 土地爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 土地爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 土地老爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 土地爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 土主爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 土地爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 社王公 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 土地爺爺, 土地公公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 土地, 土地公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 土地, 土地公 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 土地菩薩 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 土地, 土地公公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 伯公, 土地伯公, 土神 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 土地公公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 土地老太 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 伯公, 土地伯公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 土地老爺, 土地菩薩 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Linhe | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Jining | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Baotou | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 土地爺 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 土神爺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 土地公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 土地公, 大伯公 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 土地公, 大伯公 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 土地公, 福德正神 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 大伯公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 大伯公, 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 土地公, 福德正神 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 地主爺 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 地主爺, 土地爺伯, 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 土地伯, 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 地主爺, 土地爺伯, 伯公 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 地主公 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 伯公, 福德老爺 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 土地公 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 土地公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 土地公, 土地 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 土地, 土地菩薩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 土地爺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 土地老倌 |

#### Derived terms

* 伯公下
* 伯公亭
* 伯公坪
* 伯公火
* 伯公生
* 伯公生鬚 / 伯公生须
* 伯公生鬚──老神 / 伯公生须──老神
* 土地伯公
* 拜伯公
* 泥伯公
* 泥伯公過河──自身難保 / 泥伯公过河──自身难保
* 泥伯公過溪──自身難保 / 泥伯公过溪──自身难保
* 潮州伯公──學老成 / 潮州伯公──学老成
* 田頭伯公 / 田头伯公
* 食伯公福

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “伯公”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 20.