# 停留
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tíngliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ting$^4$ lau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thìn-liù
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thêng-liû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tíngliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tínglióu
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^2$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: tíng-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyngliou
*** Palladius: тинлю (tinlju)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ting$^4$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: tìhng làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ting$^4$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ting$^4$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɪŋ²¹ lɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thìn-liù
*** Hakka Romanization System: tin$^ˇ$ liu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tin$^2$ liu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰin¹¹ li̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thêng-liû
*** Tâi-lô: thîng-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tengliuu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² liu¹³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ liu²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/

### Verb

停留
* to stay; to remain; to stop
    禁止車輛停留。／禁止车辆停留。 ― Jìnzhǐ chēliàng tíngliú. ― No stopping.
       Fēi jǐnjí qíngkuàng bùdé tíngliú. [Pinyin]
       Emergency stop only.
* to stagnate; to bog down; to be at a standstill; to be held up

#### Synonyms

* (to stay):
* 停 (tíng)
* 勾留 (gōuliú)
* 盤桓 / 盘桓 (pánhuán)
* 蹲 (figurative)
* 逗 (dòu)
* 逗留 (dòuliú)
* 逋留 (būliú) (literary)
* 駐 / 驻 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 駐留 / 驻留 (zhùliú)
* (to stagnate):
* 停滯 / 停滞 (tíngzhì)
* 凝滯 / 凝滞 (níngzhì)

#### Related terms

* 滯留／滞留 (zhìliú)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 停 | 留 |
| てい Grade: 5 | りゅう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てーりゅう [tèéryúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [te̞ːɾʲɨː]

### Noun

停(てい)留(りゅう) • (teiryū)
* stoppage

### Verb

停(てい)留(りゅう)する • (teiryū suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 停(てい)留(りゅう)し (teiryū shi), past 停(てい)留(りゅう)した (teiryū shita))
* stop

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 停留し | ていりゅうし | teiryū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 停留し | ていりゅうし | teiryū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 停留する | ていりゅうする | teiryū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 停留する | ていりゅうする | teiryū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 停留すれ | ていりゅうすれ | teiryū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 停留せよ¹ 停留しろ² | ていりゅうせよ¹ ていりゅうしろ² | teiryū seyo¹ teiryū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 停留される | ていりゅうされる | teiryū sareru |
| Causative | 停留させる 停留さす | ていりゅうさせる ていりゅうさす | teiryū saseru teiryū sasu |
| Potential | 停留できる | ていりゅうできる | teiryū dekiru |
| Volitional | 停留しよう | ていりゅうしよう | teiryū shiyō |
| Negative | 停留しない | ていりゅうしない | teiryū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 停留せず | ていりゅうせず | teiryū sezu |
| Formal | 停留します | ていりゅうします | teiryū shimasu |
| Perfective | 停留した | ていりゅうした | teiryū shita |
| Conjunctive | 停留して | ていりゅうして | teiryū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 停留すれば | ていりゅうすれば | teiryū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN