# vilja
## Estonian
### Noun

vilja
* genitive singular of vili
* partitive singular of vili
* illative singular of vili

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

vilja (third person singular past indicative vildi, third person plural past indicative vilað, supine vilað)
* to will
* to wish
* to persist
* to intend to

#### Conjugation
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilja, borrowed from Proto-Indo-European (if not directly from Slavic or Balto-Slavic - compare Proto-Slavic *obilьje, from an earlier *obvilьje, see *obilъ) and Czech obilí (“grain, cereals”)). Other cognates include Karelian vil'l'a, Estonian vili, Veps vil'l' and Proto-Samic *vëljē.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋiljɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iljɑ
* Hyphenation: vil‧ja

### Noun

vilja
* grain, cereal, corn (type of grass cultivated for its edible grains)
* grain (harvested seeds from such or similar plants collectively)
* (archaic, dialectal) abundance

#### Declension

Possessive forms of vilja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viljani
viljani
accusative
nom.
viljani
viljani
gen.
viljani
genitive
viljani
viljojeni viljaini $^{rare}$
partitive
viljaani
viljojani
inessive
viljassani
viljoissani
elative
viljastani
viljoistani
illative
viljaani
viljoihini
adessive
viljallani
viljoillani
ablative
viljaltani
viljoiltani
allative
viljalleni
viljoilleni
essive
viljanani
viljoinani
translative
viljakseni
viljoikseni
abessive
viljattani
viljoittani
instructive
comitative
—viljoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viljasi
viljasi
accusative
nom.
viljasi
viljasi
gen.
viljasi
genitive
viljasi
viljojesi viljaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
viljaasi
viljojasi
inessive
viljassasi
viljoissasi
elative
viljastasi
viljoistasi
illative
viljaasi
viljoihisi
adessive
viljallasi
viljoillasi
ablative
viljaltasi
viljoiltasi
allative
viljallesi
viljoillesi
essive
viljanasi
viljoinasi
translative
viljaksesi
viljoiksesi
abessive
viljattasi
viljoittasi
instructive
comitative
—viljoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viljamme
viljamme
accusative
nom.
viljamme
viljamme
gen.
viljamme
genitive
viljamme
viljojemme viljaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
viljaamme
viljojamme
inessive
viljassamme
viljoissamme
elative
viljastamme
viljoistamme
illative
viljaamme
viljoihimme
adessive
viljallamme
viljoillamme
ablative
viljaltamme
viljoiltamme
allative
viljallemme
viljoillemme
essive
viljanamme
viljoinamme
translative
viljaksemme
viljoiksemme
abessive
viljattamme
viljoittamme
instructive
comitative
—viljoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viljanne
viljanne
accusative
nom.
viljanne
viljanne
gen.
viljanne
genitive
viljanne
viljojenne viljainne $^{rare}$
partitive
viljaanne
viljojanne
inessive
viljassanne
viljoissanne
elative
viljastanne
viljoistanne
illative
viljaanne
viljoihinne
adessive
viljallanne
viljoillanne
ablative
viljaltanne
viljoiltanne
allative
viljallenne
viljoillenne
essive
viljananne
viljoinanne
translative
viljaksenne
viljoiksenne
abessive
viljattanne
viljoittanne
instructive
comitative
—viljoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viljansa
viljansa
accusative
nom.
viljansa
viljansa
gen.
viljansa
genitive
viljansa
viljojensa viljainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
viljaansa
viljojaan viljojansa
inessive
viljassaan viljassansa
viljoissaan viljoissansa
elative
viljastaan viljastansa
viljoistaan viljoistansa
illative
viljaansa
viljoihinsa
adessive
viljallaan viljallansa
viljoillaan viljoillansa
ablative
viljaltaan viljaltansa
viljoiltaan viljoiltansa
allative
viljalleen viljallensa
viljoilleen viljoillensa
essive
viljanaan viljanansa
viljoinaan viljoinansa
translative
viljakseen viljaksensa
viljoikseen viljoiksensa
abessive
viljattaan viljattansa
viljoittaan viljoittansa
instructive
comitative
—viljoineen viljoinensa :

#### See also

* jyvä

### Adjective

vilja (rare)
* abundant
    Synonym: runsas

#### Derived terms

* viljalti (“a lot”)
* Viljanen
* viljava
* viljellä
* jumalanvilja
* kevätvilja
* korsivilja
* laatuvilja
* lakovilja
* leipävilja
* luomuvilja
* palkovilja
* peltovilja
* perusvilja
* rehuvilja
* sekavilja
* seosvilja
* siemenvilja
* suojavilja
* syysvilja
* syömävilja
* toukovilja
* tuontivilja
* uutisvilja
* verovilja
* vilja-aitta
* vilja-arvoyksikkö
* vilja-auma
* viljaelevaattori
* viljahehto
* viljahirssi
* viljajaloste
* viljakaskas
* viljakasvi
* viljakauppa
* viljakierukka
* viljakirva
* viljakukko
* viljakärsäkäs
* viljalaari
* viljalaiho
* viljalaina
* viljalaiva
* viljalaji
* viljalajike
* viljaluste
* viljalyhde
* Viljamaa
* viljamaissi
* viljamakasiini
* viljamitta
* viljamylly
* viljankorjuu
* viljankuivaamo
* viljankuivatus
* viljankuivaus
* viljankuivuri
* viljankylvö
* viljanleikkuu
* Viljanmaa
* viljanolki
* viljanoras
* viljanpuinti
* viljansiemen
* viljantuonti
* viljantähkä
* viljanvienti
* viljanviljely
* viljanäyte
* viljaomavaraisuus
* viljapehkiäinen
* viljapelto
* viljapörssi
* viljaraja
* viljariisi
* viljaripsiäinen
* viljaruoka
* viljaruuvi
* viljasato
* viljaseppä
* viljaseula
* viljasiilo
* viljasuppilo
* viljasäiliö
* viljasäkki
* viljasääski
* viljatatar
* viljateollisuus
* viljatila
* viljatuote
* viljavaaka
* viljavainio
* viljavalmiste
* viljavarasto
* viljaviina
* viljavuori
* viljavuosi
* viljayksikkö
* viljaylijäämä
* viljaympyrä

### References

* ↑ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
* ↑ Koivulehto, Jorma (2006) “Wie alt sind die Kontakte zwischen Finnisch-Ugrisch und Balto-Slavisch? The Slavicization of the Russian North”, in Slavica Helsingiensia, volume 27, pages 179-196

### Further reading

* “vilja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse vilja (“to want”), from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɪlja/
* Rhymes: -ɪlja

### Verb

vilja (preterite-present verb, third-person singular present indicative vill, third-person singular past indicative vildi, supine viljað)
* to want
    Ég vil fara heim.I want to go home.
* to wish
    Ég vildi að það væru þvottabirnir á Íslandi. Þeir eru svo sætir. Ég myndi leika við þá og gefa þeim ruslið mitt.I wish there were raccoons in Iceland. They're so cute. I'd play with them and give them my trash.

#### Conjugation

This verb is slightly irregular.

## Ingrian
### Alternative forms

* viljä

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilja. Cognates include Finnish vilja and Estonian vili.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋilʲː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋilʲjɑ]
* Rhymes: -ilj, -iljɑ
* Hyphenation: vil‧ja

### Noun

vilja
* grain, cereal
** 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:Vilja käsil kylvettii.The grain was sown by hand.

#### Derived terms

* viljaaitta
* viljapelto
* viljarunni
* viljasarka
* viljellä

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 667

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* vilje (e infinitive)

### Etymology

From Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Akin to English will.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ʋɪljɑ/

### Verb

vilja (present tense vil, past tense ville, past participle vilja, present participle viljande)
* want
    Eg vil dra no. ― I want to leave now.
* will (expressing future tense)
    Det der vil du angra på. ― You will regret that.

### References

* “vilja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to want, choose”). Compare Old English willan, Old Frisian willa, Old Saxon willian, Old High German wellen, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan).

#### Verb

vilja (singular past indicative vildi, plural past indicative vildu, past participle viljat)
* to want

##### Usage notes

* Along with only two other verbs (munu and skulu), vilja has a special past tense infinitive. It is equal to the third person plural past tense vildu. This rare form is mostly used when the verb of the main clause also is in the past tense.

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: vilja
* Faroese: vilja
* Norwegian Nynorsk: vilja; (dialectal) vi(j)a, vyljå, vyå, velja, vi, ve
* Jamtish: vili
* Elfdalian: wila
* Old Swedish: vilia
** Swedish: vilja
* Old Danish: willæ
** Danish: ville
*** Norwegian Bokmål: ville
** Scanian: villa
* Old Gutnish: wilia
** Gutnish: ville, vila

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

vilja
* inflection of vili:
** indefinite accusative singular/plural
** indefinite dative/genitive singular
** indefinite genitive plural

#### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “vilja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²vɪlːja/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish vili, vilie, from Old Norse vili, from Proto-Germanic *wiljô.

#### Noun

vilja c
* will; a person’s intent, volition, decision.

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | vilja | viljas |
| singular | definite | viljan | viljans |
| plural | indefinite | viljor | viljors |
| plural | definite | viljorna | viljornas |

##### Alternative forms

* vilje

##### Related terms

* ha en egen vilja
* viljestyrka
* frivillig
* att vilja är att kunna

##### Descendants

* → Elfdalian: wila f

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish vilia, from Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

#### Verb

vilja (present vill, preterite ville, supine velat)
* to want, desire
    De vill att vi hjälper dem att måla husetThey want us to help them paint the house
    Jag vill klappa en gullig kaninI want to pet a cute rabbit
    Vill du ha kaffe eller te?Do you want coffee or tea?
    Jag vill till affärenI want to go to the store (see the usage notes for why there is no gå, åka, or the like)
    Jag vill hemI want (to go) home
** 1917 translation, the Bible, Deuteronomy (Femte Mosebok), 1:26
    Men I villen icke draga ditupp, utan voren gensträviga mot HERRENS, eder Guds, befallning.Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God.
* (rare) to intend, be going to, will
    Det vill komma till dig, när du är gammal nog.It will come to you, when you are old enough.

##### Usage notes

* Used with verbs in the infinitive, without infinitive marker ("att"). However note that there may be a conjunction "att" (in the sense of "that") following right after. The first example is a case in point, which could be interpreted as They want that we help them or, more naturally, They want us to help them.
* Unlike wanting to do something ("I want to eat") and wanting something to happen ("I want you to eat"), wanting an object is expressed with vilja in combination with ha ("have"). Thus "I want food" is said Jag vill ha mat (not Jag vill mat). Put another way, wanting to have (ha) is not a special case in Swedish, and needs to be specified.
* Often used with an implied gå (“walk”), åka (“drive”), följa (“follow”), or the like. See ska, which works identically.

##### Derived terms

* skulle vilja

### References

* vilja in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* vilja in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* vilja in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)