# 危

| 危 | U+5371, &#21361; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5371 |
| ← 印 [U+5370] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 卲 → [U+5372] |

## Translingual
### Han character

危 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓一尸山 (NMSU), four-corner 2721$_2$, composition ⿸厃㔾)

#### Derived characters

* 佹, 𠱓, 垝, 姽, 尯, 峗, 𢂕, 恑, 㧪, 洈, 陒, 㫉, 𣆡, 脆, 桅, 𤙙, 𤥕, 祪, 硊, 䍯, 蛫, 觤, 詭(诡), 跪, 䤥, 鮠(𬶏), 𣢪, 䣀, 㩻, 頠(𬱟), 𡧭, 峞, 𢈌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2849
* Dae Jaweon: page 364, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 312, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5371

## Chinese

* Roof (Chinese constellation) (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 危 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鮠 | *ŋuːl |
| 峞 | *ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ |
| 頠 | *ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ |
| 詭 | *krolʔ |
| 垝 | *krolʔ, *krols |
| 陒 | *krolʔ |
| 觤 | *krolʔ |
| 恑 | *krolʔ |
| 蛫 | *krolʔ |
| 祪 | *krolʔ |
| 洈 | *krolʔ, *ŋrol |
| 姽 | *krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ |
| 桅 | *krolʔ |
| 佹 | *krolʔ |
| 跪 | *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ |
| 危 | *ŋrol |
| 峗 | *ŋrol |
| 硊 | *ŋrolʔ |
| 卼 | *kʰruls |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 厃 (“person on a cliff or mountain”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”).
Written like 𡴲 during the Warring States period, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 人 (“person”) + 山 (“mountain”).

### Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋō̆j (~-ō̆l) (“high, rise”) and compares 危 to Burmese ငွား (ngwa:, “be large, great, be high, to project prominently above and beyond others”), Jingpho [script needed] (ŋoi, “to rise, as a hill”); & possibly Proto-Kiranti *ŋo-.
Schuessler (2007) notes that Chinese and Written Burmese can be reconciled by assuming an ST final *-l; furthermore, 危 (OC *ŋoi) may be a vocalic variant of 巍 (OC *ŋui), which in turn is related to 魏 (OC *ŋuih).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wēi, wéi
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ, ㄨㄟˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngai$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngai$^3$ / ngui$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ui$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngùi
    (Hailu, HRS): ngui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): vei$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̂
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngùi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gûi / hûi / ûi / hui / ui / lûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguin$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$we / $^2$we / $^2$wei
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wei
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^1$
*** Yale: wēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$
*** Yale: wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wei$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /uei²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$
*** Yale: ngàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^3$ / ngui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡai²²/, /ᵑɡui²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ui³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋui⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vei¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋy³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngùi
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋui⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kui¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi
*** Tâi-lô: guî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: guii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Lukang, Kinmen): /ɡui²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /ɡui²¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi
*** Tâi-lô: huî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huii
*** IPA (Xiamen, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Tainan, Yilan): /hui²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
*** Tâi-lô: uî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ui²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Changtai)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui
*** Tâi-lô: hui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huy
*** IPA (Changtai): /hui⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Changtai)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
*** Tâi-lô: ui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uy
*** IPA (Changtai): /ui⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
*** Tâi-lô: luî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luii
* gûi - literary;
* hûi - vernacular;
* ûi/lûi - colloquial.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit危 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ve⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /uei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uɨ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vei⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uəi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ue⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uei¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /vei³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦue²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦue̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦui²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵy³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uei¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uəi¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ui⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋui¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vui¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋɐi²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋɐi²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gui³⁵/ /hui³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋuoi⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋy³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋũi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋui³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjwe
Rime :
| Character | 危 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚爲切 |
| Baxter | ngjwe |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋjwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjue/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋwie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 危 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wēi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwe › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ](r)[o]j/ |
| English | in danger |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 危 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12781 |
| Phonetic component | 危 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 危 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋrol/ |

#### Definitions

危
* dangerous
    危在旦夕 ― wēizàidànxī ― in imminent danger
    居安思危 ― jū'ānsīwēi ― to think of danger in times of safety
* (literary) precarious; high
    危峰 ― wēifēng ― towering peak
* dying
    病危 ― bìngwēi ― critically ill
    垂危 ― chuíwēi ― to be critically ill
* (literary) upright; proper
    正襟危坐 ― zhèngjīnwēizuò ― to sit straight solemnly
* to endanger; to put in danger
    危及 ― wēijí ― to endanger
* to fear; to be uneasy
    人人自危 ― rénrénzìwēi ― everyone feels insecure
* (literary) roof
* (～宿) (astronomy) the Roof, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Pegasus
* (Internet slang, ACG) Danger! (Used usually alone by one to warn or tell other participants or viewers of a video, video game, etc. that one or several persons or things are in danger and dying for help. Originated from a video game.)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三危山 (Sānwēishān)
* 乘人之危 (chéngrénzhīwēi)
* 乘危
* 事危累卵
* 人人自危 (rénrénzìwēi)
* 人命危淺 / 人命危浅 (rénmìngwēiqiǎn)
* 人心惟危
* 倒懸之危 / 倒悬之危 (dàoxuánzhīwēi)
* 傾危 / 倾危 (qīngwēi)
* 危亡 (wēiwáng)
* 危及 (wēijí)
* 危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
* 危坐
* 危城 (wēichéng)
* 危如累卵 (wēirúlěiluǎn)
* 危害 (wēihài)
* 危宿 (Wēixiù, Wéixiù)
* 危局 (wēijú)
* 危屋
* 危弱
* 危急 (wēijí)
* 危惙
* 危情 (wēiqíng)
* 危房 (wēifáng)
* 危於累卵 / 危于累卵
* 危樓 / 危楼 (wēilóu)
* 危機 / 危机 (wēijī, wéijī)
* 危機四伏 / 危机四伏 (wēijīsìfú)
* 危機意識 / 危机意识
* 危檣 / 危樯
* 危殆 (wēidài)
* 危竿
* 危篤 / 危笃 (wēidǔ)
* 危若朝露
* 危行
* 危言 (wēiyán)
* 危言危行
* 危言正色
* 危言聳聽 / 危言耸听 (wēiyánsǒngtīng)
* 危言讜論 / 危言谠论
* 危邦
* 危險 / 危险 (wēixiǎn)
* 危險分子 / 危险分子
* 危險性 / 危险性 (wēixiǎnxìng)
* 危險期 / 危险期
* 危險物 / 危险物
* 危難 / 危难 (wēinàn)
* 去危就安
* 古巴危機 / 古巴危机
* 國際危機 / 国际危机
* 垂危 (chuíwēi)
* 孤危
* 安不忘危 (ānbùwàngwēi)
* 安危 (ānwēi)
* 安必思危
* 居安思危 (jū'ānsīwēi)
* 居安慮危 / 居安虑危
* 居高思危
* 岌岌可危 (jíjíkěwēi)
* 忘戰必危 / 忘战必危
* 忘戰者危 / 忘战者危
* 慄慄危懼 / 栗栗危惧
* 扶危 (fúwēi)
* 扶危定亂 / 扶危定乱
* 扶危定傾 / 扶危定倾
* 扶危拯溺
* 扶危持顛 / 扶危持颠
* 扶危救困
* 扶危濟困 / 扶危济困
* 扶危翼傾 / 扶危翼倾
* 扶顛持危 / 扶颠持危
* 拯危扶溺
* 持危扶顛 / 持危扶颠
* 拯溺扶危
* 拯溺濟危 / 拯溺济危
* 排危
* 捨安就危 / 舍安就危
* 撥亂濟危 / 拨乱济危
* 救困扶危 (jiù kùn fúwēi)
* 整襟危坐
* 旦夕之危
* 桓殷危語
* 正色危言
* 正襟危坐 (zhèngjīnwēizuò)
* 涉危履險 / 涉危履险
* 涉艱履危 / 涉艰履危
* 潛在危機 / 潜在危机
* 濟困扶危 / 济困扶危
* 濟弱扶危 / 济弱扶危
* 瀕危 / 濒危 (bīnwēi)
* 病危 (bìngwēi)
* 直言危行
* 知安忘危
* 石油危機 / 石油危机
* 破家危國 / 破家危国
* 累卵之危
* 經濟危機 / 经济危机 (jīngjì wēijī)
* 能源危機 / 能源危机
* 臨危 / 临危 (línwēi)
* 臨危下石 / 临危下石
* 臨危不亂 / 临危不乱 (línwēibùluàn)
* 臨危不懼 / 临危不惧
* 臨危不撓 / 临危不挠
* 臨危不顧 / 临危不顾
* 臨危受命 / 临危受命 (línwēishòumìng)
* 臨危履冰 / 临危履冰
* 臨危授命 / 临危授命 (línwēishòumìng)
* 臨危效命 / 临危效命
* 臨危自悔 / 临危自悔
* 臨危自省 / 临危自省
* 臨危自計 / 临危自计
* 臨危致命 / 临危致命
* 自危
* 艱危 / 艰危 (jiānwēi)
* 處安思危 / 处安思危 (chǔ'ānsīwēi)
* 見危 / 见危
* 見危受命 / 见危受命
* 見危授命 / 见危授命
* 見危致命 / 见危致命
* 解危
* 變危為安 / 变危为安
* 趁人之危
* 轉危為安 / 转危为安 (zhuǎnwēiwéi'ān)
* 阽危 (diànwēi)
* 高而不危
* 齒危髮秀 / 齿危发秀

### Pronunciation 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 危 – see 懸 (“(Teochew) high; tall”). (This character is a variant form of 懸).

### References

* “危”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 危 |
| Kyūjitai | 危󠄁 危+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 危󠄄 危+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* danger

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kan-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kan’yō-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: あぶない (abunai, 危ない, Jōyō)、あやうい (ayaui, 危うい, Jōyō)、あやぶむ (ayabumu, 危ぶむ, Jōyō)、あやめる (ayameru, 危める)、けわしい (kewashii, 危しい)

#### Compounds

* 安(あん)危(き) (anki, “safety”)
* 危(き)害(がい) (kigai, “harm”)
* 危(き)機(き) (kiki, “crisis”)
* 危(き)急(きゅう) (kikyū, “emergency”)
* 危(き)惧(ぐ) (kigu, “apprehension”)
* 危(き)険(けん) (kiken, “dangerous”)
* 危(き)殆(たい) (kitai, “grave danger”)
* 危(き)篤(とく) (kitoku, “critical illness”)
* 危(き)難(なん) (kinan, “calamity”)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 372 (paper), page 236 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 261 (paper), page 142 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

危 (eumhun 위태할 위 (witaehal wi))
* dangerous, precarious
* high

## Vietnamese
### Han character

危: Hán Nôm readings: nguy, ngoay, ngoe, nguầy, ngùy/nguỳ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.