# gumma
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin gumma, extended in meaning from Late Latin gumma (“gum, resin”), a late form of cummis, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), of Egyptian origin. Doublet of gum (Etymology 2).

### Noun

gumma (plural gummas or gummata)
* (pathology) a soft, non-cancerous growth, a form of granuloma, resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.

#### Derived terms

* gumma hepatis
* gummata
* gummation
* gummose
* gummous
* gummy

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* mugam

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡuma]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Hyphenation: gu‧m‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin gumma (“gum”) (sticky substance from some plants), from Latin gummi (“gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “gum”), probably from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

#### Noun

gumma n
* (pathology) gumma, a non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis
    Synonym: (obsolete) hlíva
** 1896, Vítězslav Janovský, “Gumma”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎, volume X, Praha: J. Otto, page 617:Gumma, hlíva, nazývá se druh novotvaru příjičného, který v podobě uzlů ostře ohraničených se jeví na kůži a ostatních orgánech lidského těla jako pozdní projev příjice […]Gumma is a kind of syphilitic growth, which appears on the skin and other human body organs in the form of sharply bordered lumps as a late manifestation of syphilis […]

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From older gummi, from Latin gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), probably from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

#### Noun

gumma f (relational adjective gummový)
* (obsolete, singular only) gum, a sticky substance from some plants
    Synonyms: klovatina, guma
** 1902, “Pegu”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎, volume 19, Praha: J. Otto, pages 398–399:Tabák, ovoce, surové hedvábí, pryskyřice, gumma atd. dováží se z Číny po ř. Iravadi, […]Tobacco, fruit, crude silk, resin, gum etc. are imported from China along the Irrawaddy River, […]
* (obsolete, singular only) rubber
    Synonyms: guma, pryž
** 1902, Josef Pokorný, “Papír”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎, volume 19, Praha: J. Otto, pages 172–187:[…] zpodní válec dostává nyní obyčejně povlak z tvrdé gummy.[…] now the lower cylinder usually gets a hard rubber coating.

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ “gumma”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ Diab, Mohammad (1999). "Gumma". Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. p. 140. →ISBN.
* ↑ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “guma”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 209

### Further reading

* “gumma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “gumma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish guma of the same meaning.

#### Noun

gumma c
* (sometimes a little (literary) old-fashioned) an old woman, an old lady
    En rar liten gumma sålde stickade tumvantar på torgetA sweet little old lady sold knitted mittens at the square
    gubbar och gummorold men and women
* (colloquial, derogatory) a woman who looks old
* (colloquial) an affectionate form of address to a girl or a young woman
    Men lilla gumman, hur gick det? Gör det ont?Oh sweetheart, how did it go? Are you hurt?
* (derogatory, overbearing) an (adult) woman (who is put in place)
    Men lilla gumman, det är inte så världen fungerar.Oh, but sweetheart, that's not how the world works.
* (colloquial, dated) wife
    Jag och gumman min drog till Lanzarote.Me and my wife jetted off to Lanzarote.

##### Usage notes

* The word to use for (ordinary) old women in fairy tales, for example, though less restricted than that.
* "Gammal gumma" (old gumma) is a common collocation, implying "old-old" or emphasizing old age.

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | gumma | gummas |
| singular | definite | gumman | gummans |
| plural | indefinite | gummor | gummors |
| plural | definite | gummorna | gummornas |

##### Derived terms

* gumaktig
* krutgumma

##### See also

* gubbe

### Etymology 2

From gummi (“rubber”) +‎ -a.

#### Verb

gumma (present gummar, preterite gummade, supine gummat, imperative gumma)
* (archaic) to cover or otherwise apply with rubber
    Synonym: (modern) gummera

##### Conjugation
### References

* gumma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gumma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gumma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)