# parma
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈpɑɹmə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɑːmə/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə

### Etymology 1

From parmigiana.

#### Noun

parma (plural parmas)
* (Australia) A dish cooked in the parmigiana style.
    The local pub was offering a chicken parma and a pot of beer for $8.

### Etymology 2

From Latin parma.

#### Noun

parma (plural parmae)
* (historical) A small shield carried by the infantry and cavalry.

### See also

* parma wallaby (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* AMRAP, param, praam

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈparma]

### Noun

parma f
* barbel (freshwater fish of the genus Barbus)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “parma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “parma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “parma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑrmɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rmɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑrmɑ
* Hyphenation: par‧ma

### Noun

parma (dialectal)
* Alternative form of paarma

#### Declension

Possessive forms of parma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parmani
parmani
accusative
nom.
parmani
parmani
gen.
parmani
genitive
parmani
parmojeni parmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
parmaani
parmojani
inessive
parmassani
parmoissani
elative
parmastani
parmoistani
illative
parmaani
parmoihini
adessive
parmallani
parmoillani
ablative
parmaltani
parmoiltani
allative
parmalleni
parmoilleni
essive
parmanani
parmoinani
translative
parmakseni
parmoikseni
abessive
parmattani
parmoittani
instructive
comitative
—parmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parmasi
parmasi
accusative
nom.
parmasi
parmasi
gen.
parmasi
genitive
parmasi
parmojesi parmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
parmaasi
parmojasi
inessive
parmassasi
parmoissasi
elative
parmastasi
parmoistasi
illative
parmaasi
parmoihisi
adessive
parmallasi
parmoillasi
ablative
parmaltasi
parmoiltasi
allative
parmallesi
parmoillesi
essive
parmanasi
parmoinasi
translative
parmaksesi
parmoiksesi
abessive
parmattasi
parmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—parmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parmamme
parmamme
accusative
nom.
parmamme
parmamme
gen.
parmamme
genitive
parmamme
parmojemme parmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
parmaamme
parmojamme
inessive
parmassamme
parmoissamme
elative
parmastamme
parmoistamme
illative
parmaamme
parmoihimme
adessive
parmallamme
parmoillamme
ablative
parmaltamme
parmoiltamme
allative
parmallemme
parmoillemme
essive
parmanamme
parmoinamme
translative
parmaksemme
parmoiksemme
abessive
parmattamme
parmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—parmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parmanne
parmanne
accusative
nom.
parmanne
parmanne
gen.
parmanne
genitive
parmanne
parmojenne parmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
parmaanne
parmojanne
inessive
parmassanne
parmoissanne
elative
parmastanne
parmoistanne
illative
parmaanne
parmoihinne
adessive
parmallanne
parmoillanne
ablative
parmaltanne
parmoiltanne
allative
parmallenne
parmoillenne
essive
parmananne
parmoinanne
translative
parmaksenne
parmoiksenne
abessive
parmattanne
parmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—parmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
parmansa
parmansa
accusative
nom.
parmansa
parmansa
gen.
parmansa
genitive
parmansa
parmojensa parmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
parmaansa
parmojaan parmojansa
inessive
parmassaan parmassansa
parmoissaan parmoissansa
elative
parmastaan parmastansa
parmoistaan parmoistansa
illative
parmaansa
parmoihinsa
adessive
parmallaan parmallansa
parmoillaan parmoillansa
ablative
parmaltaan parmaltansa
parmoiltaan parmoiltansa
allative
parmalleen parmallensa
parmoilleen parmoillensa
essive
parmanaan parmanansa
parmoinaan parmoinansa
translative
parmakseen parmaksensa
parmoikseen parmoiksensa
abessive
parmattaan parmattansa
parmoittaan parmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—parmoineen parmoinensa :

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* palma

### Etymology

Perhaps a back-formation from parmula, dissimilated from palmula, from palma (“hand”), referring to the shield being handheld.
Or, borrowed from a Celtic word.

### Pronunciation

* parma: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpar.ma/, [ˈpärmä]
* parma: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpar.ma/, [ˈpärmä]
* parmā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpar.maː/, [ˈpärmäː]
* parmā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpar.ma/, [ˈpärmä]

### Noun

parma f (genitive parmae); first declension
* a parma; a round shield carried by the infantry and cavalry
* (poetic) any shield
* (poetic) a Thraex; a gladiator armed with a parma

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* parmātus
* parmula

#### Descendants

* → Ancient Greek: πάρμη (pármē)

### References

* “parma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “parma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* parma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* parma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “parma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “parma”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* “parma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* “parma”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
* ↑ Classical Association of the Atlantic States (1919): The Classical Weekly, Volume 12, p. 215
* ↑ Ramat, Anna Giacalone et al (2015): The Indo-European Languages, p. 268

## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* pamma

### Noun

parma f
* palm (of the hand)