# 黄葉
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| もみじ ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai)
⟨mo$_{(1)}$mi$_1$ti⟩ → */mʷomʲiti/ → */mʷomʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/
Shift from Old Japanese 黄葉 (momiti → momichi).
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 黄葉づ (momidu), modern 黄葉ず (momizu, “to yellow in autumn, said of leaves”).
Probably cognate with classical verb 燃ゆ (/mo$_1$yu/ → moyu), modern 燃える (moeru, “to burn”), from the coloring of autumn leaves appearing like a fire burning.

#### Alternative forms

* (autumn leaves, mostly reddened): 紅葉

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もみじ [móꜜmìjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mo̞mʲiʑi]

#### Noun

黄葉(もみじ) or 黄葉(モミジ) • (momiji)
* the yellowing of leaves in autumn
* the yellowed autumn leaves themselves
* Alternative spelling of 紅葉 (momiji): the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum); a kind of kamon with a Japanese maple leaf design

##### Derived terms

* 銀杏(いちょう)黄葉(もみじ) (ichō momiji, “yellowed gingko leaves”)

#### Verb

黄葉(もみじ)する • (momiji suru) suru (stem 黄葉(もみじ)し (momiji shi), past 黄葉(もみじ)した (momiji shita))
* (of leaves) to yellow in autumn

##### Inflection

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 黄葉し | もみじし | momiji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 黄葉し | もみじし | momiji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 黄葉する | もみじする | momiji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 黄葉する | もみじする | momiji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 黄葉すれ | もみじすれ | momiji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 黄葉せよ¹ 黄葉しろ² | もみじせよ¹ もみじしろ² | momiji seyo¹ momiji shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 黄葉される | もみじされる | momiji sareru |
| Causative | 黄葉させる 黄葉さす | もみじさせる もみじさす | momiji saseru momiji sasu |
| Potential | 黄葉できる | もみじできる | momiji dekiru |
| Volitional | 黄葉しよう | もみじしよう | momiji shiyō |
| Negative | 黄葉しない | もみじしない | momiji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 黄葉せず | もみじせず | momiji sezu |
| Formal | 黄葉します | もみじします | momiji shimasu |
| Perfective | 黄葉した | もみじした | momiji shita |
| Conjunctive | 黄葉して | もみじして | momiji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 黄葉すれば | もみじすれば | momiji sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Proper noun

黄葉(もみじ) • (Momiji)
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| もみじ Grade: 2 | は > ば Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai) もみじ葉
Shift from Old Japanese 黄葉 (momichi-ba).
Can also be parsed as a compound of 黄葉(もみじ) (momiji, “yellowing of leaves in autumn”) + 葉(は) (ha, “leaf, leaves”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もみじば [mòmíjíꜜbà] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mo̞mʲiʑiba̠]

#### Noun

黄(もみじ)葉(ば) • (momiji-ba)
* yellowed autumn leaves
* Alternative spelling of 紅葉 (momiji-ba): the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)

##### Usage notes

For emphasis, the initial momiji is almost always written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (​momiji-ba).

##### Derived terms

* 黄(もみじ)葉(ば)の (momiji-ba no, pillow word)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| こう Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai)
/kwau jepu/ → /kwɔːjefu/ → /kwɔːjeu/ → /koːjoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 黃葉 (MC hwang yep).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーよー [kòóyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːjo̞ː]

#### Noun

黄(こう)葉(よう) • (kōyō)
* the yellowing of leaves in autumn
* the yellowed autumn leaves themselves

##### Derived terms

* 黄葉(こうよう)和歌(わか)集(しゅう) (Kōyō Wakashū)

#### Verb

黄(こう)葉(よう)する • (kōyō suru) suru (stem 黄(こう)葉(よう)し (kōyō shi), past 黄(こう)葉(よう)した (kōyō shita))
* (of leaves) to yellow in autumn

##### Inflection

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 黄葉し | こうようし | kōyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 黄葉し | こうようし | kōyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 黄葉する | こうようする | kōyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 黄葉する | こうようする | kōyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 黄葉すれ | こうようすれ | kōyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 黄葉せよ¹ 黄葉しろ² | こうようせよ¹ こうようしろ² | kōyō seyo¹ kōyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 黄葉される | こうようされる | kōyō sareru |
| Causative | 黄葉させる 黄葉さす | こうようさせる こうようさす | kōyō saseru kōyō sasu |
| Potential | 黄葉できる | こうようできる | kōyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 黄葉しよう | こうようしよう | kōyō shiyō |
| Negative | 黄葉しない | こうようしない | kōyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 黄葉せず | こうようせず | kōyō sezu |
| Formal | 黄葉します | こうようします | kōyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 黄葉した | こうようした | kōyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 黄葉して | こうようして | kōyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 黄葉すれば | こうようすれば | kōyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### See also

* 紅葉(こうよう) (kōyō, “reddened autumn leaves”)

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| き Grade: 2 | は > ば Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Proper noun

黄(き)葉(ば) • (Kiba)
* a surname

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| おう Grade: 2 | は > ば Grade: 3 |
| jūbakoyomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 黄 (ō, “yellow”, the goon reading) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”, the kun-yomi or native Japanese reading).
The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Proper noun

黄(おう)葉(ば) • (Ōba)
* a surname

### Etymology 6

Kanji in this term :
| 黄 | 葉 |
| こう Grade: 2 | は Grade: 3 |
| jūbakoyomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 黃葉 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 黄 (kō, “yellow”, the kan'on reading) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”, the kun-yomi or native Japanese reading).

#### Proper noun

黄(こう)葉(は) • (Kōha)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN