# arm
## Translingual
### Symbol

arm
* (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Armenian.

## English

Picture dictionary :
arm
shoulder
upper arm
elbow
forearm
wrist
hand :

### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: äm, IPA: /ɑːm/
* (US) enPR: ärm, IPA: /ɑɹm/
* (General Australian) enPR: äm, IPA: /ɐːm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m

### Etymology 1

From Middle English arm, from Old English earm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“a fitting, joint; arm, forequarter”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”).
Akin to Dutch arm, German Arm, Yiddish אָרעם (orem), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish arm. Indo-European cognates include Latin armus (“the uppermost part of the arm, shoulder”), Bulgarian рамо (ramo), Polish ramię, Serbo-Croatian rȁme, Armenian արմունկ (armunk, “elbow”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós, “joint, shoulder”) and ἅρμα (hárma, “wagon, chariot”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬨𐬀 (arma), Old Persian [script needed] (arma).

#### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* (anatomy) The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.
    She stood with her right arm extended and her palm forward to indicate “Stop!”
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.
** 1991, “Jesus Christ Pose”, in Chris Cornell (lyrics), Soundgarden (music), Badmotorfinger, performed by Soundgarden, Track 4:And you stare at me In your Jesus Christ pose Arms held out Like you've been carrying a load
* (anatomy) The extended portion of the upper limb, from the shoulder to the elbow.
    The arm and forearm are parts of the upper limb in the human body.
* A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.
    the arms of an octopus
* The part of a piece of clothing that covers the arm.
    Synonym: sleeve
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter 100”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 485:[…] one arm of this jacket streamed behind him like the broidered arm of a huzzar’s surcoat.
** 1970, J. G. Farrell, Troubles‎, New York: Knopf, published 1971, page 340:[…] he noticed that a dark stain had appeared under the arm of her grey silk dress.
** 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 82:Samad made a grab for the boy and caught him by the arm of his shirt.
* A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the armrest of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.
    The robot arm reached out and placed the part on the assembly line.
* (geography) A bay or inlet off a main body of water.
    Shelburne Bay is an arm of Lake Champlain.
* A branch of an organization.
    the cavalry arm of the military service
** 2018 April 25, Ron Nixon, “Scandals and Investigations, but Few Arrests, for Air Marshals Program”, in The New York Times‎:Congress has asked the Government Accountability Office, its investigative arm, to review the workplace complaints raised by air marshals, said Charles Young, a spokesman for the office.
* (figurative) Power; might; strength; support.
    the arm of the law
    the secular arm
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 52:1:To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?
* (baseball, slang) A pitcher
    The team needs to sign another arm in the offseason.
* (genetics) One of the two parts of a chromosome.
* A group of patients in a medical trial.

##### Derived terms

* aftarm
* an arm and a leg
* arm ball
* armband
* armbar
* armbinder
* armbone, arm bone
* armbrace
* arm candy
* armchair, arm-chair
* arm day
* -armed
* armfloat
* armful
* arm garter
* armgaunt
* armguard, arm guard
* armhole, arm hole
* armhook
* arm-in-arm, arm in arm
* arm in crook
* armlength
* armless
* armlet
* armlike
* armload
* armlock
* armlong
* arm of flesh
* armpiece
* armpit, arm pit
* armplate
* arm pump
* armrest, arm rest
* armring
* Arm River
* armscye
* armshield
* arm's length
* arm span
* arm's reach
* armstand
* arm-twist, arm twist
* arm-twister, arm twister
* arm-twisting, arm twisting
* armwear
* arm-wrestle, arm wrestle
* arm-wrestler, arm wrestler
* arm-wrestling, arm wrestling
* at arm's length
* auntie arm
* babe in arms
* bend of the arm
* break one's arm patting oneself on the back
* cement arm
* chance one's arm
* control arm
* counterarm
* crankarm, crank arm
* crook of the arm
* crossarm
* dead man's arm
* dinner lady arm
* fire arm
* fore-arm
* forearm, fore arm
* give one's right arm
* give someone the arm
* glass arm
* hand-arm vibration syndrome
* input arm
* interarm
* in the arms of Morpheus
* keep at arm's length
* left arm orthodox
* left arm unorthodox
* lever arm
* Local Arm
* longarm, long arm
* long arm of the law
* long-arm statute, long arm statute
* long as one's arm
* lower arm
* make a long arm
* man-arm
* midarm
* moment arm
* more power to your arm
* multiarm
* one-arm
* one-arm bandit, one-armed bandit
* one-arm joint
* one-arm lunchroom
* one-arm restaurant
* one can't carry two watermelons under one arm
* on one's arm
* Orion Arm
* outer arm
* output arm
* overarm
* Perseus Arm
* pitman arm
* put the arm on someone
* radial arm saw
* radius arm
* resistance arm
* right arm
* Right Arm of the Free World
* righting arm
* roundarm
* secular arm
* seven-arm octopus
* short arm
* shot in the arm
* side arm
* slap on the arm
* South Arm
* spiral arm
* steering arm
* stiff-arm
* straight-arm, straight arm
* strong-arm, strong arm
* swingarm
* sword arm
* take in one's arms
* take someone's arm
* talk someone's arm off
* teeth arm
* tonearm, tone arm
* trans broken arm syndrome
* tuck shop arm
* tuck shop lady arm
* twist someone's arm
* underarm
* under one's arm
* upper arm
* white arm
* with a high arm
* with one arm tied behind one's back
* with open arms
* yardarm, yard-arm

##### Translations
#### Verb

arm (third-person singular simple present arms, present participle arming, simple past and past participle armed)
* (obsolete) To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms.
** 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:And make him with our pikes and partisans / A grave: come, arm him.
** 1613–1614 (date written), John Fletcher, William Shak[e]speare, The Two Noble Kinsmen: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Waterson; […], published 1634, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):Arm your prize; / I know you will not lose him.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English arm (“poor, wretched”), from Old English earm (“poor, miserable, pitiful, wretched”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”).
Akin to Dutch arm (“poor”), German arm (“poor”), Yiddish אָרעם (orem, “poor”), Swedish arm (“poor”).

#### Adjective

arm (comparative armer or more arm, superlative armest or most arm)
* (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) Poor; lacking in riches or wealth.
* (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) To be pitied; pitiful; wretched.

##### Derived terms

* armth

#### References

* The Dictionary of the Scots Language

### Etymology 3

Back-formation from arms (plural), from Middle English armes, from Old French armes, from Latin arma (“weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mo-, a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to fit together”), hence ultimately cognate with etymology 1.

#### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* (usually used in the plural) A weapon.
** 1789, Second Amendment to the United States Constitution:A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:The next thing I laid hold of was a brace of pistols, and as I already had a powder horn and bullets, I felt myself well supplied with arms.
* (in the plural) Heraldic bearings or insignia.
    The Duke's arms were a sable gryphon rampant on an argent field.
* (in the plural, obsolete) War; hostilities; deeds or exploits of war. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

##### Usage notes

* Pubs and taverns often use this word in their names, as a reference to heraldic bearings, e.g. The Queen's Arms.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:weapon

##### Derived terms

* arm-chest
* armed
* armrack
* arms factory
* arms race
* army
* bear arms
* brothers in arms
* coat of arms
* disarm
* firearm
* in arms
* lay down one's arms
* outarm
* polearm
* present arms!
* sidearm
* small arm
* take up arms against
* to arms!
* under arms
* up in arms

##### Translations
#### Verb

arm (third-person singular simple present arms, present participle arming, simple past and past participle armed)
* (transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons.
    The king armed his knights with swords and shields.
** 2015, George R. R. Martin, A Dance with Dragons, Bantam, →ISBN, page 593:They were arming them with spears and shields, putting iron halfhelms on their heads, and arraying them along the inner wall, a rank of snowy sentinels. "Lord Winter has joined us with his levies," one of the sentries [said].
* (transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.
** 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:thou getteſt no more of me. For I am ſure thy Office doth not arme thee with ſuch authoritie.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 4:1:arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin;
** 1801(?), John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress ... to which is Added, the Life and Death of the Author, page 359:
    Many following him, and, in his journeyings, he visited many at their houses, and gave them consolation, arming them with steady resolves, to be patient in suffering and trust to God for their reward; […]
** 1806, William turner, An Abstract of the History of the Bible ... With questions for examination, etc, page 43:[God] directed them to choose out three hundred only, and, arming them with nothing but trumpets and lamps, to send them by night into the camp of the Midianites.
** 1885, United States Congressional Serial Set, page 119:Q. In other words, you were commissioning men here in Cincinnati to attend the polls, arming them with authority to arrest citizens; men from outside of the city of Cincinnati to arrest citizens of the city of Cincinnati […]
** 2011, Meredith H. Lair, Armed with Abundance: Consumerism & Soldiering in the Vietnam War, Univ of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 215:Picture taking soothed support troops' anxieties twice over, empowering them as they navigated a strange environment, and arming them with proof that they really had served in a war.
** 2014, Susan Fawcett, Grassroots with Readings: The Writer's Workbook, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 466:[…] and arming them with skills, work habits, and inner confidence that no one can ever take away.
* (transitive) To prepare (a tool, weapon, or system) for action; to activate.
    Remember to arm the alarm system before leaving for work.
* (intransitive, of a tool, weapon, or system) To become prepared for action; to activate.
** 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 14:43 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎, archived from the original on 17 October 2022:Torpedoes were loosed, but the range was too short for them to actually arm, and they bounced harmlessly off the ship as it cut loose with its secondary and antiaircraft guns, smashing anything that it could see.
* (transitive) To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency.
    to arm the hilt of a sword; to arm a hook in angling
* (intransitive) To take up weapons; to arm oneself.
** 1974 February 2, Igor S. V. de Goldilox-Goldilox, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 32, page 14:Are you arming, comrade Atheists? Are you arming for the fray?
* (transitive) To fit (a magnet) with an armature.

##### Synonyms

* (furnish with weapons): beweapon

##### Derived terms

* armable
* arming press
* arming sword
* arm out
* arm the lead
* arm to the teeth
* arm up
* dearm
* enarm
* prearm
* rearm
* unarm
* unarmed

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* -mar-, AMR, MAR, MRA, Mar, Mar., RAM, RMA, Ram, mar, mar-, ram

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch arm.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* arm

## Cimbrian
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German arm, from Old High German arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”). Cognate with German Arm, English arm.

#### Noun

arm m (plural èrme)
* (Sette Comuni) arm
    An langar arm rékhet béetor. ― A long arm can reach further.

##### Related terms

* èrmel

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German arm, from Old High German arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor, pitiful”). Cognate with German arm, English arm.

#### Adjective

arm (comparative èrmor, superlative dar èrmorste)
* (Sette Comuni, Luserna) poor
    Bèar is arm hat nicht so borliran. ― He who is poor has nothing to lose.

##### Declension

This adjective has irregular declension; positive inflected forms also have umlaut.

##### Derived terms

* armakhot, èrmakhot
* èrmar stòkh

### References

* “arm” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arm/, [ɑːˀm]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse armr (“arm”), from Proto-Germanic *armaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mo- (“arm”).

#### Noun

arm c (singular definite armen, plural indefinite arme)
* (anatomy) arm

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse armr (“arm, poor”), from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor”).

#### Adjective

arm
* (dated) poor, not rich
    Synonym: fattig
* unfortunate, poor
    Synonym: stakkels

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### Further reading

* arm on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Arm (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## Dutch

Picture dictionary :
arm
schouder
bovenarm
elleboog
onderarm
pols
hand :

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑrm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: arm
* Rhymes: -ɑrm

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch arm, from Old Dutch arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“a fitting, joint”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬨𐬀 (arma) and Old Persian [script needed] (arma).

#### Noun

arm m (plural armen, diminutive armpje n)
* arm
    Iemand kneep in mijn arm.Someone pinched my arm.
* branch (especially of streams and organisations)

##### Derived terms

* armband
* armlengte
* armsnoer
* bovenarm
* omarmen
* onderarm
* werkarm
* zijarm

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: arm
* Javindo: arrem
* Negerhollands: arm, erm

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch arm, from Old Dutch arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erH- (“to be sparse”).

#### Adjective

arm (comparative armer, superlative armst)
* poor (not rich)
    arme landen ― poor countries
* poor (unfortunate)
    arme stakker… ― poor soul…

##### Derived terms

* armoede
* kansarm
* verarmen
* voedselarm

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: arm
* Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
* Jersey Dutch: arm
* Negerhollands: aerm
* Petjo: arm

### Anagrams

* ram

## East Central German
### Verb

arm
* (Erzgebirgisch, intransitive) to work
    Synonym: arbittn

### Further reading

* 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler, Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch‎, 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 17:

## Estonian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *arpi; arm is an irregular variant of the root; the expected arb can be seen in dialects.

#### Noun

arm (genitive armi, partitive armi)
* scar

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *armo. Most likely derived from armas. Cognate to Votic armo (“grace, mercy”).

#### Noun

arm (genitive armu, partitive armu)
* mercy
* pardon
* (poetic) love, affection

##### Declension
## Faroese
### Noun

arm
* indefinite accusative singular of armur

## German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erH- (“to be sparse”) or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aʁm]
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Adjective

arm (strong nominative masculine singular armer, comparative ärmer, superlative am ärmsten)
* poor (having little money)
* poor (to be pitied)
    arm dran sein ― to have bad luck
    lieber arm dran als Arm ab ― better to have bad luck than to lose an arm [the play on words is lost in translation]
* low (having a small amount)

#### Antonyms

* reich

#### Derived terms

* Armenkasse
* Armenkrankenhaus
* Arme Ritter
* armes Würstchen

#### Related terms

* -arm
* arme Seele
* ärmlich
* armselig
* Armut

### Further reading

* “arm” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “arm” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “arm” in Duden online

## Icelandic
### Noun

arm
* indefinite accusative singular of armur

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish arm n (“armour, battle-equipment, panoply; weapon; army”), from Latin arma.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /ˈɑɾˠəmˠ/
* (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /ˈaɾˠəmˠ/

### Noun

arm m (genitive singular airm, nominative plural airm)
* weapon; implement, tool
* (collective) arms
* army

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
arm
airm
vocative
a airm
a arma
genitive
airm
arm
dative
arm
airm
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-arm
na hairm
genitive
an airm
na n-arm
dative
leis an arm don arm
leis na hairm :

#### Derived terms

* arm diúractha (“missile”)
* arm faobhair (“edged weapon”)
* arm géar (“sharp weapon”)
* arm tine (“firearm”)
* armach (“armed”, adjective)
* armadóir (“armourer”)
* armáil (“armament; army”)
* armáil (“arm”, verb)
* armbheart (“feat of arms”)
* armchúirt (“court martial”)
* armghéag (“arm, branch of service”)
* armlann (“armoury, magazine”)
* armlón m (“ammunition”)
* armrua (“fierce in arms”, adjective)
* armshlua m (“armed host”)
* giolla airm (“armour-bearer”)
* seirbhís airm f (“army service”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 110, page 59
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 10
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 54

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “arm”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “arm”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 40
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “arm”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “arm”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Jersey Dutch
### Alternative forms

* ārm

### Etymology

From Dutch arm. Cognates include Afrikaans arm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑrm/

### Adjective

arm
* poor
** 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
    Hāi waz nît tevrêde täus en dârkîs tû râkni arm. […] |He was not content at home and therefore he became poor.

## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *armo. Akin to Finnish armo.

### Noun

arm
* peace
* love

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish arm n (“armour, battle-equipment, panoply; weapon; army”), from Latin arma.

### Noun

arm m (genitive singular arm, plural armyn)
* arm, weapon, armament

### Verb

arm (verbal noun armal, past participle garmal)
* arm

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Middle Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arm/

### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.

#### Noun

arm m
* arm

##### Alternative forms

* ārem
* āerm

##### Descendants

* Dutch: arm
** Afrikaans: arm
** Javindo: arrem
** Negerhollands: arm, erm
* Limburgish: erm

##### Further reading

* “arm (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “arm (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.

#### Adjective

arm
* poor, having few possessions
* unfortunate, pitiable

##### Alternative forms

* ārem

##### Descendants

* Dutch: arm
** Afrikaans: arm
** Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
** Jersey Dutch: arm
** Negerhollands: aerm
** Petjo: arm
* Limburgish: erm

##### Further reading

* “arm (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “arm (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English earm (“arm”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *arəm- (“arm”).

#### Alternative forms

* arum, harm, erm, herm

#### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* arm

##### Descendants

* English: arm
* Scots: airm
* Yola: arrm

#### References

* “arm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English earm (“poor, wretched”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor”), from Proto-Indo-European *erm- (“poor, ill”).

#### Adjective

arm
* poor
* miserable, wretched

##### Descendants

* English: arm
* Scots: arm

#### References

* “arm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse armr.

### Adjective

arm (neuter singular armt, definite singular and plural arme)
* poor

#### Synonyms

* fattig

### Noun

arm m (definite singular armen, indefinite plural armer, definite plural armene)
* (anatomy) an arm

#### Derived terms

* armbind
* armbånd
* armhule
* armlene
* fjordarm
* lovens lange arm
* overarm
* underarm

### References

* “arm” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑrm/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse armr m, from Proto-Germanic *armaz m. Akin to English arm.

#### Noun

arm m (definite singular armen, indefinite plural armar, definite plural armane)
* (anatomy) an arm

##### Derived terms

* armbind
* armlene
* fjordarm
* lovas lange arm
* overarm
* underarm

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse armr, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.

#### Adjective

arm (neuter armt, definite singular and plural arme, comparative armare, indefinite superlative armast, definite superlative armaste)
* poor, pitiful (to be pitied)

##### Derived terms

* arming

### References

* “arm” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* mar, ram

## Old Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.

#### Noun

arm m
* arm

##### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: arm
** Dutch: arm
*** Afrikaans: arm
*** Javindo: arrem
*** Negerhollands: arm, erm
** Limburgish: erm

##### Further reading

* “arm (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.

#### Adjective

arm
* poor

##### Derived terms

* armo

##### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: arm
** Dutch: arm
*** Afrikaans: arm
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
*** Jersey Dutch: arm
*** Negerhollands: aerm
*** Petjo: arm
** Limburgish: erm

##### Further reading

* “arm (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* earm

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), whence also Old High German arm, Old Norse armr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑrm/, [ɑrˠm]

### Noun

arm m (Anglian)
* Alternative form of earm

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* aram, arma

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arm/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ermos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, whence also Old English arm, Old Norse armr.

#### Noun

arm m
* (anatomy) arm

##### Derived terms

* armboug
* armil

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: arm, arn
** Alemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme
** Bavarian: Oarm
    Cimbrian: arm
** Central Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)
    Hunsrik: Aarem
** German: Arm
** Luxembourgish: Aarm
** Rhine Franconian:
*** Pennsylvania German: Aarm
** Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, whence also Old English earm, Old Norse armr.

#### Adjective

arm
* poor, miserable

##### Derived terms

* arming

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: arm
** Cimbrian: arm
** German: arm
** Luxembourgish: aarm
** Plautdietsch: aarem
** Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)

### References

* Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

## Old Saxon
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, whence also Old English earm, Old Norse armr.

#### Noun

arm m
* arm

##### Descendants

* Middle Low German: arm
** Low German:
*** German Low German:
    Hamburgisch: Arm
    Westphalian:
       Ravensbergisch: Ārm
       Lippisch: Arm
       Sauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm
       Westmünsterländisch: Arm
*** Plautdietsch: Oam, Oarm

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz, whence also Old English earm, Old Norse armr.

#### Adjective

arm (comparative armoro, superlative armost)
* miserable, poor

##### Descendants

* Low German: arm (also Lippisch)

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin armus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join”).

### Noun

arm n (plural armuri)
* (chiefly Oltenia) an animal's haunch, or a thigh on a person
    Synonyms: coapsă, șold

#### Related terms

* întrema

### See also

* armă
* spată

## Scots
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːrm/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English arm, from Old English earm (“arm”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mo- (“arm”).

#### Alternative forms

* airm, arme, harme, areme, airme

#### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* arm
* arm of the sea
* bar, beam

### Etymology 2

From Middle English arm (“poor”), from Old English earm (“poor”), from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“poor”), from Proto-Indo-European *erm- (“poor, ill”).

#### Adjective

arm (comparative mair arm, superlative maist arm)
* poor; wretched
* weak; thin; sickly

#### Verb

arm (third-person singular simple present arms, present participle armin, simple past armt, past participle armt)
* (intransitive) to crawl about miserably.

### Etymology 3

From Middle English armen (“to arm”), from Old French armer (“to arm”), from Latin armō (“to arm”). More at arm.

#### Verb

arm (third-person singular simple present arms, present participle armin, simple past armt, past participle armt)
* to arm, outfit with weapons or armour

### Etymology 4

From Old Norse armr (“wing of a body”).

#### Alternative forms

* aarm

#### Noun

arm (plural arms)
* (Shetland) the tail end of something, especially of fishing line

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish arm n (“armour, battle-equipment, panoply; weapon; army”), from Latin arma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɾam/

### Noun

arm m (genitive singular airm, plural airm)
* army
    Synonym: armailt
* arm, weapon

#### Usage notes

* Arm is usually used to refer to the entire fighting force of a nation etc, while armailt usually refers to the an "army" involved in a particular battle etc:
    Arm Bhreatainn anns a' Chogadh Mhòr ― British Army in the First World War (the armed forces as a whole)
    armailt Bhreatannach ann an Afraga ― British Army in Africa

#### Derived terms

* taigh-airm

#### Related terms

* armaich
* dì-armaich

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “arm”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Swedish

Picture dictionary :
arm
skuldra
överarm
armbåge
underarm
handled
hand :

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse armr (“arm”), from Proto-Germanic *armaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ermos, *h₂ŕ̥mos.

#### Noun

arm c
* (anatomy) arm; the body part
* arm; something extending from a body

##### Derived terms

* armbåge
* underarm
* ärm
* överarm

#### See also

* axel
* hand
* handled

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse armr (“poor”), from Proto-Germanic *armaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ormos.

#### Adjective

arm (comparative armare, superlative armast)
* (dated) poor; to be pitied
    Synonym: stackars
* (dated) poor; with no possessions or money
    Synonym: fattig

##### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

##### Derived terms

* utarma

### References

* arm in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* arm in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* arm in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

### Anagrams

* mar, ram

## Yimas
### Noun

arm
* water

### References

* The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN) (as arɨm)
* William A. Foley, The Yimas Language of New Guinea (1991, →ISBN), page 296:
    arm tark kantk-rm ima-na-tɨ-n
    water coldness with-water water S-DEF-becomes-PRES
    'The water is getting cold.'