# 漢語
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Hànyǔ, hànyǔ
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ, ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ханйү (hanyü, III-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon$^3$ jyu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon$^1$ ngui$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Hon-ngî
* Eastern Min (BUC): Háng-ngṳ̄
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Hàn-gí / Hàn-gír / Hàn-gú
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$hoe-gniu$_6$ / $^5$hoe-gniu$_4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Hànyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Hànyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: Han$^4$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: Hàn-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hannyeu
*** Palladius: Ханьюй (Xanʹjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hànyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hànyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: hàn-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hannyeu
*** Palladius: ханьюй (xanʹjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ханйү (hanyü, III-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^3$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: hon yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^3$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^3$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^1$ ngui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hon-ngî
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon ngi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hon$^4$ ngi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Háng-ngṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hàn-gí
*** Tâi-lô: Hàn-gí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: harn'gie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hàn-gír
*** Tâi-lô: Hàn-gír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hàn-gú
*** Tâi-lô: Hàn-gú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: harn'guo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hoe-gniu$_6$
*** MiniDict: hoe$^去$ nyu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hoe-nyy$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hoe-gniu$_4$
*** MiniDict: hoe$^去$ nyu$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /hɤə⁴⁴ n̠ʲy²¹/

### Noun

漢語
* the Chinese language (usually spoken Chinese)
    說蹩腳漢語／说蹩脚汉语 ― shuō biéjiǎo hànyǔ ― to speak terrible Chinese
    沉浸式漢語教學／沉浸式汉语教学 ― chénjìnshì hànyǔ jiàoxué ― teaching of Chinese by immersion
       shēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng [Pinyin]
       the role of tone in Chinese syllable perception
    你會說漢語嗎？／你会说汉语吗？ ― Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma? ― Can you speak Chinese?
       Tā jì huì shuō yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō hànyǔ. [Pinyin]
       She can speak both English and Chinese.
       Xuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ diàolèi. [Pinyin]
       It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.

#### Usage notes

漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) usually refers to spoken Chinese. 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) can also imply 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, “Standard Mandarin Chinese”), especially in the term 現代漢語／现代汉语 (xiàndài hànyǔ, “Modern Chinese”). Ethnic minorities in China often refer to Standard Mandarin as 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) in order to contrast it with their respective ethnic languages.

#### Synonyms

* 中國話 / 中国话 (Zhōngguóhuà)
* 中國語 / 中国语 (Zhōngguóyǔ) (rare)
* 中文 (Zhōngwén)
* 唐儂話 / 唐侬话 (Penang Hokkien)
* 支那語 / 支那语 (zhīnàyǔ) (obsolete, often derogatory)
* 漢文 / 汉文 (Hànwén) (written Chinese)
* 華文 / 华文 (Huáwén)
* 華語文 / 华语文 (huáyǔwén) (both spoken and written)

#### Derived terms

* 上古漢語 / 上古汉语 (shànggǔ hànyǔ)
* 中古漢語 / 中古汉语 (zhōnggǔ hànyǔ)
* 古代漢語 / 古代汉语 (gǔdài hànyǔ)
* 古漢語 / 古汉语 (gǔhànyǔ)
* 對外漢語 / 对外汉语 (duìwài hànyǔ)
* 漢語拼音 / 汉语拼音 (hànyǔ pīnyīn)
* 漢語水平考試 / 汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
* 漢辦 / 汉办 (Hànbàn)
* 現代漢語 / 现代汉语 (xiàndài hànyǔ)
* 胡言漢語 / 胡言汉语 (húyánhànyǔ)

#### Related terms

* 國語／国语 (guóyǔ)
* 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)
* 中國話／中国话 (Zhōngguóhuà)
* 中文 (Zhōngwén)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 漢 | 語 |
| かん Grade: 3 | ご Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 漢語 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんご [kàńgó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ŋɡo̞]
* (Kyoto) かんご [kàǹgó] (Teiki – [0])

### Noun

漢(かん)語(ご) • (kango)
* kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)
    Antonym: (Japanese word of native Japanese origin) 和語 (wago)
* (less commonly) the Chinese language
    Synonym: 中国語 (Chūgokugo)
* the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢 / 汉 (hàn)) ethnicity

#### Usage notes

Kango are usually written in kanji, and read with the on'yomi (音読み). Contrast with wago (和語), which may be written in kanji read with the kun'yomi (訓読み) or in kana only.
Kango are derived from Classical Chinese. They are composed of words that:
* retained their original meanings in Classical Chinese, such as 天 (ten, “heaven”), 天下 (tenka, “the world”) or 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”)
* were repurposed to translate Western concepts, such as 社会 (shakai, “society”), 文化 (bunka, “culture”), 過渡 (kato, “transition”) or 博士 (hakushi, “doctor”)
* were newly coined from Classical Chinese syllables, morphemes or graphemes, such as 出超 (shutchō, “trade surplus”) or 腺 (sen, “gland”), where words coined from more than one syllable are called wasei kango (和製漢語) and coined kanji are called kokuji (国字)
Note that some words of Chinese origin are not considered kango, such as 北京 (Pekin, “Beijing”)(a gairaigo (外来語) borrowed from a modern Chinese language), 銭 (zeni, “money”) or 博士 (hakase, “doctor”) (both of which have undergone irregular shifts from their original Chinese pronunciation).

#### Synonyms

字音語

### See also

* 音(おん)読(よ)み (on'yomi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “かん‐ご 【漢語】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 漢 | 語 |

### Noun

漢語 • (haneo) (hangeul 한어)
* hanja form of 한어 (“Chinese language”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 漢 | 語 |

### Noun

漢語
* chữ Hán form of Hán ngữ (“Chinese language”).