# ים
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* י־מ־ם (y-m-m)
* 4 terms
A Northwest Semitic innovation. Compare earlier Eblaite 𒉿𒈬 (wamû, “sea”) which preserves the prototypical /w/ of this root, and distantly related Somali webi (“river”). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Classical Syriac ܝܡܐ (yammāʾ). From Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”).

### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /jaːm/, [jaːm]
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /jɔm/, [jɔːm]
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /jam/
* Rhymes: -am

### Noun

יָם • (yam) m (plural indefinite יַמִּים, singular construct יַם־, plural construct יַמֵּי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* sea
** Tanach, Jonah 1:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַיהוָה הֵטִיל רוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה אֶל־הַיָּם וַיְהִי סַעַר־גָּדוֹל בַּיָּם וְהָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר׃vaYHVH hetíl ruakh-g'dolá el-hayám vay'hí sá'ar-gadól bayám v'ha'oniyá khish'vá l'hishavér. waYHWH hēṭīl rūaḥ-gəḏōlā ʾel-hayyām wayəhī saʿar-gāḏōl bayyām wəhāʾŏniyyā ḥiššəḇā ləhiššāḇēr.But the LORD hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken.
* (Biblical Hebrew) west (the direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°)
** Tanach, Genesis 12:8, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם הָהָרָה מִקֶּדֶם לְבֵית־אֵל וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה בֵּית־אֵל מִיָּם וְהָעַי מִקֶּדֶם וַיִּבֶן־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה׃vaya'ték mishám hahára mikédem l'vet-'él vayét oholó bet-él miyám v'ha'áy mikédem vayivén-shám mizbéakh laYHVH vayikrá b'shém YHVH. wayyaʿtēq miššām hāhā́rā miqqéḏem ləḇēṯ-ʾēl wayyēṭ ʾohŏlō bēṯ-ʾēl miyyām wəhāʿay miqqéḏem wayyiḇen-šām mizbḗaḥ laYHWH wayyiqrā bəšēm YHWH.And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east; and he builded there an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.
* (slang) a lot
* the bottom grindstone (used for grinding flour)

#### Declension

| Number | Isolated forms | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns |
| Number | State | Form | Person | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Number | State | Form | Person | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| singular | indefinite | יָם | first | יָמִי | יָמִי | יָמֵנוּ | יָמֵנוּ |
| singular | definite | הַיָּם | second | יָמְךָ | יָמֵךְ | יַמְכֶם | יַמְכֶן |
| singular | construct | יַם־ | third | יָמוֹ | יָמָהּ | יָמָם | יָמָן |
| plural | indefinite | יַמִּים | first | ימיי / יַמַּי | ימיי / יַמַּי | יַמֵּינוּ | יַמֵּינוּ |
| plural | definite | הַיַּמִּים | second | יַמֶּיךָ | ימייך / יַמַּיִךְ | יַמֵּיכֶם | יַמֵּיכֶן |
| plural | construct | יַמֵּי־ | third | יַמָּיו | יַמֶּיהָ | יַמֵּיהֶם | יַמֵּיהֶן |

##### Notes

The root for the singular stem seems to be biconsonantal י־ם, while the plural stem has י־מ־ם.

#### Synonyms

* (compass point): מַעֲרָב (ma'aráv)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “compass point”): קֶדֶם (kédem) (archaic)
* (antonym(s) of “compass point”): מִזְרָח (mizrákh)

#### Hyponyms

* הַיָּם הַכַּסְפִּי (hayám hakáspi)
* הַיָּם הַצְּפוֹנִי (hayam hatsfoní)
* הים השחור / הַיָּם הַשָּׁחֹר (hayám hashakhór)
* הַיָּם הַתִּיכוֹן (hayám hatikhón)
* יַם הַמֶּלַח (yam hamélakh)
* יַם סוּף (yam súf)

#### Derived terms

* אֲרִי יָם (arí yam)
* בַּת יָם (bat yam)
* זְאֵב־הַיָּם (ze'év hayám)
* חֵיל יָם (khel yam)
* יַמַּאי (yama'í)
* כּוֹבַע יָם (kóva yam)
* כּוֹכַב יָם (kokháv yam)
* כֶּלֶב יָם (kélev yám)
* מֶלַח יָם (mélakh yam)
* מְלָפְפוֹן יָם (m'laf'fón yam)
* מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם (me'éver layám)
* מֵצַר יָם (metsár yam)
* סוּס יָם (sus yám)
* סַרְטַן יָם (sartán yám)
* בגד ים (béged yám)
* עֵיטָם (etám)
* שׁוֹדֵד יָם (shodéd yam)
* שוד ים / שֹׁד יָם (shod yam)
* שְׂפַת הַיָּם (s'fát hayám)

### References

* H3220 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* “ים” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* ים on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Anagrams

* ־ים, י־ם, מי, מ״י

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew ים (yam).

### Noun

ים • (yam) m, plural ימים (yamem) or ימען (yamen)
* sea, ocean
    Synonym: מער (mer)

#### Derived terms

* אײַז־ים (ayz-yam)
* ברעג ים (breg yam)
* גיי קאַקן אויפֿן ים (gey kakn oyfn yam)
* ים־פֿרוכט (yam-frukht)
* ים־גרונט (yam-grunt)