# saddle
## English

$z=x^{2}-y^{2}$

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsædl̩/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈsæd(ə)l/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ædəl
* Hyphenation: sad‧dle

### Etymology 1

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

#### Noun

saddle (plural saddles)
* A seat for a rider, typically made of leather and raised in the front and rear, placed on the back of a horse or other animal, and secured by a strap around the animal's body.
** 1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “The Death of Sir Dodmore Cotton Ambassadour, at Cazbeen”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 126:His [Cotton's] Horſe vvas led before, vvith a mourning Veluet Saddle on his backe, his Coffin had a Crimſon Sattin Quilt lined with purple Silke, ouer him vvas laid his Bible, Svvord and Hat: […]
** 1652 June 21 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 11 June 1652]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 266:My horse's bridle they [robbers] slipt, and search'd y$^e$ saddle, which they pull'd off, but let the horse graze, and then turning againe bridl'd him and tied him to a tree, yet so as he might graze, and thus left me bound.
** 1731 (date written, published 1745), Jonathan Swift, “[Directions to Servants.] Chapter V (Directions to the Groom).”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XVI, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 152:Consider your master's health, and rather than let him take long journeys, […] leave one of his horse's fore shoes loose in the morning; or contrive that the saddle may pinch the beast in the withers; or keep him without corn all night and morning, so that he may tire on the road; […]
** [1877], Anna Sewell, “An Old War Horse”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part III, page 164:I saw many brave men cut down, many fall mortally wounded from their saddles.
** 1922 (date written; published 1926), T[homas] E[dward] Lawrence, “Book I: The Discovery of Feisal. Chapter X.”, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, published 1937, →OCLC, page 76:So he made the best of it, and prepared for me his own splendid riding-camel, saddled with his own saddle, and hung with luxurious housings and cushions of Nejd leather-work pierced and inlaid in various colours, with plaited fringes and nets embroidered with metal tissues.
** A similar implement used to secure goods to animals; a packsaddle.
** Synonym of harness saddle (“the part of a harness which supports the weight of poles or shafts attaching a vehicle to a horse or other animal”)
** A cushion used as a seat in a cart or other vehicle.
** The immovable seat of a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
** (by extension)
*** Chiefly preceded by the: horse-riding as an activity or occupation.
**** 1544 (date written; published 1571), Roger Ascham, Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions, of Shooting. […], London: […] Thomas Marshe, →OCLC; republished in The English Works of Roger Ascham, […], London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], and J[ohn] Newbery, […], 1761, →OCLC, book 2, page 212:[A] good horſeman, […] is ſkilfull to knovv, and hable to tell others, hovv, by certain ſure ſignes, a man may choiſe a colte, that is like to prove an other day excellent for the ſaddle.
**** 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Camell Dromedarie”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 99:[A]nd the third ſort [of camel] are called Ragnahil, vvhich are of lovver ſtature and learner bodies then the reſidue, vnfit for burthen, and therefore are vſed for the ſaddle, by all the Noble men of Numidia, Arabia, and Libia: […]Applied to camel-riding.
**** 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “Looking after the Halter when the Mare is Stolen”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 285:Well said!—are thy friends ripe for the saddle?
**** 1837, Washington Irving, chapter VI, in The Rocky Mountains: Or, Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the Far West; […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 74:He travelled in company with them until they reached the Sweet Water; then taking a couple of horses, one for the saddle, and the other as a packhorse, he started off express for Pierre's Hole, to make arrangements against their arrival, that he might commence his hunting campaign before the rival company.
**** 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 152:'Sir King, mine ancient wound is hardly whole, / And lets me from the saddle;' and the King / Glanced first at him, then her, and went his way.
*** Synonym of saddle brown (“a medium brown colour, like that of saddle leather”)
    saddle:
* Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.
** A low point, in the shape of a saddle, between two hills.
*** 1697, William Dampier, chapter IX, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 267:The Hill Zeliſco bore S.E. vvhich is a very high Hill in the Country, vvith a Saddle or bending on the top.
*** 1922 (date written; published 1926), T[homas] E[dward] Lawrence, “Book III: A Railway Diversion. Chapter XXXI.”, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, published 1937, →OCLC, page 180:[W]e had to dismount and lead our animals [camels] up a narrow hill-path with broken steps of rock so polished by long years of passing feet that they were dangerous in wet weather. […] After fifteen minutes of this we were glad to reach a high saddle on which former travellers had piled little cairns of commemoration and thankfulness.
*** 1960 December, Voyageur [pseudonym], “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 752:So we continue climbing to the saddle of the Kleine Scheidegg, where ahead there comes into view the wide expanse of the Grindelwald valley, backed by the snowy crown of the Wetterhorn.
*** 1977, John Le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], “Nelson”, in The Honourable Schoolboy, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN, page 514:With Lizzie leading, they scrambled quickly over several false peaks towards the saddle.
** A cut of meat that includes both loins and part of the backbone.
*** 1847, Margaret Dods [pseudonym; Christian Isobel Johnstone], “Roasting”, in The Cook and Housewife’s Manual. […], 8th edition, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; London; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, paragraph 19, pages 106–107:To roast a leg, haunch, or saddle of mutton. […] A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout; or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup and seasonings.
*** 1958, Anthony Burgess, chapter 6, in The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), London: William Heinemann, published 1979, →ISBN, page 71:Certainly, in the gravy soups, turbot, hare, roast saddles, cabinet puddings, boiled eggs at tea-time and bread and butter and meat paste with the morning tray, one tasted one's own decadence: a tradition had been preserved in order to humiliate. Perhaps it really was time the British limped out of Malaya.
** (construction)
*** A small sloped or tapered structure that helps channel surface water to drains. (Can we verify this sense?)
*** The raised floorboard in a doorway. (Can we verify this sense?)
** (dentistry) The part of a denture which holds the artificial teeth.
** (engineering) An equipment part, such as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.
*** 1944 November and December, “Modified G.W.R. "Hall" Class Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 350:[…] with this arrangement the cylinders are cast separately from the saddle, and bolted to the frames on each side with a fabricated stiffener between the frames. This stiffener is carried up to form the saddle for the smokebox, and within it is fitted the exhaust pipes from the cylinders to the blast pipe.
** (geology) An anticline (“fold with strata sloping downwards on each side”); specifically, a depression located along the axial trend of such a fold.
*** (chiefly Australia, mining) Synonym of saddle reef (“a saddle-shaped bedded mineral (usually gold-bearing quartz) vein occurring along the crest of an anticline or (less common) a syncline (an inverted saddle)”)
** (geometry) Synonym of saddle point (“a point in the range of a smooth function, every neighbourhood of which contains points on each side of its tangent plane”)
** (lutherie)
*** The part of a guitar which supports the strings and, in an acoustic guitar, transfers their vibrations through the bridge to the soundboard.
*** A small object (traditionally made of ebony) at the bottom of a string instrument such as a cello, viola, or violin below the tailpiece on which the tailgut (“cord securing the tailpiece to the instrument”) rests.
** (nautical) A block of wood with concave depressions at the top and bottom, usually fastened to one spar and shaped to receive the end of another.
** (zoology)
*** The clitellum of an earthworm (family Lumbricidae).
*** The lower part of the back of a domestic fowl, especially a male bird, bearing the saddle feathers or saddle hackles.
*** In full saddle marking or saddle patch: a saddle-like marking on an animal, such as one on the back of an adult harp seal or saddleback seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), or any of numerous such markings on a boa constrictor (Boa constrictor).
** (originally and chiefly Canada, US)
*** A piece of leather stitched across the instep of a shoe, usually having a different colour from the rest of the shoe.
*** Synonym of saddle oxford or saddle shoe (“a shoe, resembling an oxford, which has a saddle (sense 11.1)”)
**** 1972, Judy Blume, Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing‎, New York, N.Y.: Dutton Children’s Books, →ISBN, page 56:'Now then … What'll it be, boys?' Mr Berman asked. / My mother answered. 'Brown-and-white saddles for Fudge and loafers for Peter.'

##### Derived terms

* back in the saddle
* boots and saddles
* burr in one's saddle
* burr under one's saddle
* dressage saddle
* elfin saddle
* English saddle
* in the saddle
* jumping saddle
* McClellan saddle
* offsaddle
* packsaddle
* park saddle
* put the saddle on the right horse
* racing saddle
* ride tall in the saddle
* saddleback
* saddle-backed
* saddle-backed bush cricket
* saddle back reef
* saddle-bag
* saddlebag, saddle bag
* saddle bar
* saddle beast
* saddlebill
* saddle-billed stork
* saddle blanket
* saddle block anaesthesia
* saddlebow, saddle-bow, saddle bow
* saddle brown
* saddlebum, saddle-bum, saddle bum
* saddle carbine
* saddlecloth, saddle-cloth
* saddle embolus
* saddle feather
* saddle gall
* saddle grafting
* saddle hackle
* Saddle Hills County
* saddle horn
* saddle horse
* saddle joint
* saddleless
* saddlelike
* saddle nose
* saddle oxford
* saddle-oxforded
* saddle oyster
* saddle pad
* saddle pain
* saddle plate
* saddle point
* saddle quern
* saddle reef
* saddle ring
* saddle roof
* saddlery
* saddle seat
* saddle shoe
* saddle-sick
* saddle soap
* saddle sore
* saddle stapler
* saddle stitch
* saddle tank
* saddle thrombus
* saddle-tramp, saddle tramp
* saddletree, saddle-tree, saddle tree
* saddle vein
* sidesaddle, side-saddle
* spring saddle
* stock saddle
* Sybian saddle
* tall in the saddle
* Western saddle

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English sadelen (“to put a saddle on (an animal), to saddle”) [and other forms], from Old English sadolian, sadelian, sadilian (“to saddle”), from Proto-Germanic *sadulōną (“to saddle”), from *sadulaz (“a saddle”, noun) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōną (suffix forming denominative verbs from nouns).
* Middle Dutch sādelen (modern Dutch zadelen)
* Middle Low German sādelen
* Old Danish sathlæ (modern Danish sadle)
* Old High German satalōn, satulōn (Middle High German satelen, sateln, German satteln)
* Old Norse sǫðla
* Old Swedish saþla (modern Swedish sadla)

#### Verb

saddle (third-person singular simple present saddles, present participle saddling, simple past and past participle saddled)
* (transitive)
** To put a saddle (noun sense 1) on (an animal).
*** 1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Numerus [Numbers] xxij:[21], folio lxvii, recto, column 2:Then roſe Balaam vp in the mornynge, & ſadled his Aſſe, & wente wͪ the prynces of yͤ Moabites.
*** 1615, G[ervase] M[arkham], “[The Husbandmans Recreations: […].] Of the Ordering and Dyeting of the Running Horse.”, in Countrey Contentments, in Two Bookes: The First, Containing the Whole Art of Riding Great Horses in Very Short Time, […] The Second Intituled, The English Huswife: […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for R[oger] Iackson, […], →OCLC, 2nd section (Of Horse-manshippe), page 84:Saddle your horſe on the race day in the ſtable before you leade him forth, and fixe both the pannell and the girthes to his backe and ſides vvith Shooe-makers vvaxe to preuent all daungers.
*** 1623, Richard Percivale, John Minsheu, “Báyo”, in A Dictionary in Spanish and English: […], London: […] Iohn Haviland for William Aspley, →OCLC, page 44, column 1:vno pienſa el Báyo, otro que lo ensilla, the bay horſe thinketh one thing, and he that ſaddleth him thinketh another thing.
*** 1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book XXXVII]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC, page 766:Some fevv of the horſes kept their ſtanding ſtill unaffrighted, and even thoſe they had much ado to ſaddle, to bridle, and to mount upon; […]
*** 1853, R[ichard] W[illiams] Morgan, “The Venedotian and His Land”, in Raymond de Monthault, the Lord Marcher: A Legend of the Welch Borders. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 50:"Nay, nay, Reynallt," said Ap Teudor, replying to the angry glance of the Forester, "thou saddlest the wrong steed: like the Abbot, I have no voice but that of obedience."Used figuratively.
*** 1892, George Ferguson, “Canto VI. Earth’s Phases: The Ministry of Night: Early Temples.”, in Our Earth—Night to Twilight, volume I, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin […], →OCLC, page 155:And he [Abraham] doth rise up with the morrow's dawn, / And for that bidden flame, the wood straightway / He cleaveth now; and saddleth his ass; / And taking him his son [Isaac] and servants hence, / Doth journey thitherward—full of his God.
*** 1899, Richard Wagner, “Siegfried’s Death”, in William Ashton Ellis, transl., Richard Wagner’s Prose Works, volume VIII (Posthumous, etc.), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., →OCLC, act III, scene ii, page 45:Brünnhild! Brünnhild! / Thou shining child of Wotan! / Bright-beaming through the night, / the hero I see thee draw near: / with holy earnest smile / thou saddlest thy horse, / that dew-dripping / cleaveth the clouds.
** To put (something) on to another thing like a saddle on an animal.
*** 1693, Aulus Persius Flaccus, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 68, lines 207–208:Reſolv'd for Sea, the Slaves thy Baggage pack; / Each ſaddled, vvith his Burden on his back: […]
*** 1831, John James Audubon, “Purple Grackle or Common Crow-blackbird. Quiscalus versicolor, Vieill. […]”, in Ornithological Biography, or An Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America; […], Edinburgh: Adam Black, […], →OCLC, page 39:The centre of the nest is what I would call saddled on the bough, the materials being laid so that the nest is thinner in its middle part and thicker at the two opposite sides, so as to have a firm hold.
** (figuratively)
*** To enter (a trained horse) into a race.
*** (often passive voice) Chiefly followed by with: to burden or encumber (someone) with some problem or responsibility.
    He has been saddled with the task of collecting evidence of the theft.
    They went shopping and left me saddled with two children to look after.
**** 1917, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The Soul of a Bishop‎:He wished he had not been saddled with Whippham's rather futile son as his chaplain.
**** 1962 December, “Dr. Beeching Previews the Plan for British Railways”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 377:They saddled themselves with the handling of light flows on a multiplicity of branch lines, and they sacrificed the speed, reliability and low cost of through train operation, even over the main arteries of the system.
*** Chiefly followed by on or upon: to place (a burden or responsibility) or thrust (a problem) on someone.
**** 1881, Walter Besant, James Rice, “How Lord Chudleigh Received His Freedom”, in The Chaplain of the Fleet […], volume III, London: Chatto and Windus, […], →OCLC, part II (The Queen of the Wells), page 248:I did not dislose the name of the man I proposed, because I found her only too eager to marry anyone upon whom she could saddle her debts, and so make him either pay them or change places with her.
*** (archaic) To control or restrain (someone or something), as if using a saddle; to bridle, to harness, to rein in.
**** 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 567:But he never would believe that Providence had sent a few men into the world ready booted and spurred to ride, and millions ready saddled and bridled to be ridden.
*** (obsolete, rare) To get (someone) to do a burdensome task.
**** 1826 October 25 (date written), Walter Scott, “[Entry dated 25 October 1826]”, in David Douglas, editor, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott […], volume I, Edinburgh: David Douglas, published 1890, →OCLC, page 283:Picked up Sotheby, who endeavoured to saddle me for a review of his polyglot Virgil. I fear I shall scarce convince him that I know nothing of the Latin lingo.
** (woodworking) To cut a saddle-shaped notch in (a log or other piece of wood) so it can fit together with other such logs or pieces; also, to fit (logs or other pieces of wood) together with this method.
** (obsolete) To put something on to (another thing) like a saddle on an animal. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (intransitive, chiefly Canada, US) Often followed by up.
** To put a saddle on an animal.
*** 1922 (date written; published 1926), T[homas] E[dward] Lawrence, “Book VI: The Raid upon the Bridges. Chapter LXXI.”, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, published 1937, →OCLC, page 394:Next day, while we were saddling, Ali and Abd el Kader appeared.
** Of a person: to get into a saddle.
*** c. 1844 June (date written), Gottfried August Bürger, translated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Lenore […], London: Ellis and Elvey, […], published 1900, →OCLC, page 26:Till the dead midnight we saddled not,— / I have journeyed far and fast— / And hither I come to carry thee back / Ere the darkness shall be past.
*** 1866, C[harles] Kingsley, “How Hereward was Outlawed, and Went North to Seek His Fortunes”, in Hereward the Wake, “Last of the English.” […], volume I, London, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 61:[A]y, every churl who owns a manor, if he dares—must needs arm and saddle, and levy war on his own behalf, and harry and slay the King's lieges, if he have not garlic to his roast goose every time he chooses […]

##### Usage notes

Not to be confused with sidle.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) saddle | (to) saddle |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | saddle | saddled |
| 2nd-person singular | saddle, saddlest$^†$ | saddled, saddledst$^†$ |
| 3rd-person singular | saddles, saddleth$^†$ | saddled |
| plural | saddle | saddled |
| subjunctive | saddle | saddled |
| imperative | saddle | — |
| participles | saddling | saddled |
$^†$Archaic or obsolete.

##### Derived terms

* saddled (adjective)
* saddler
* saddle up
* saddle with
* saddling (noun)

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “saddle, n.$^1$ and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2022; “saddle, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “sā̆delen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ Compare “saddle, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “saddle, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “saddle”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Further reading

* saddle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* saddle (landform) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* saddle (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* addles, daleds