# col
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɒl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒl

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of collum.

#### Noun

col (plural cols)
* (geography) A dip on a mountain ridge between two peaks.
    Synonym: (South Africa) nek
    Coordinate terms: bealach, mountain pass, pass, saddle, hause
** 1999, Harish Kapadia, “Ascents in the Panch Chuli Group”, in Across Peaks & Passes in Kumaun Himalaya, New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 136:We spent half an hour on the summit before returning to our camp, where we stuffed the frozen tent and all the gear into our packs and started the long descent of the southwest ridge to rejoin Harish and others who were still encamped on the col at the foot of it.
** 2012, Paul Lee, Vignettes: Musings and Reminiscences of a Modern Renaissance Man, page 344:I recall one specific trip when we climbed to Madison Hut which is located in the col between Mount Madison and Mount Jefferson.
** 2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 74:Turn left through a gate in the right angle of the wall and drop down to a col before climbing up the hill.
* (meteorology) A pressure region between two anticyclones and two low-pressure regions.
    Synonym: saddle point

##### Derived terms

* North Col

##### Translations
#### See also

* hausse-col

#### Further reading

* col on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* col (meteorology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* mountain pass on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation

#### Noun

col (plural cols)
* Clipping of column.
* Abbreviation of color.

### Anagrams

* 'loc, CLO, Clo, LOC, LoC, OCL, OLC, loc, loc.

## Asturian
### Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition con (“with”) + masculine singular article el (“the”).

### Contraction

col m (feminine cola, neuter colo, masculine plural colos, feminine plural coles)
* with the

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɔl]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”).

#### Noun

col f (plural cols)
* cabbage

##### Derived terms

* a qui no vol cols, dos plats
* cada dia cols, amarguen
* col de Brussel·les
* col de Milà
* col llombarda
* col verda
* col xinesa
* colrave

##### Related terms

* coliflor

### Etymology 2

From Latin coagulum. Doublet of quall and coàgul, a borrowing.

#### Noun

col m (plural cols)
* (Pallars) wild cardoon (used as a coagulating agent in cheesemaking)
    Synonym: card formatger

##### Derived terms

* colet
* herbacol

##### Related terms

* coler

### Further reading

* “col” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “col”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “col” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “col” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

col (Northern dialect)
* road, way

#### Usage notes

* Literary form: yol

#### Declension
## Dalmatian
### Alternative forms

* coll

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *cu illu, contracted from the accusative of Vulgar Latin *eccum ille. Compare Italian quello, Romanian acel, Old French cil, Spanish aquel.

### Pronoun

col
* that

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: col
* Rhymes: -ɔl
* Homophone: kol

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French col (“collar”), from Latin collum (“neck”).

#### Noun

col m (plural cols, diminutive colletje n)
* (informal, chiefly Belgium) (clothing) collar
    Synonym: kraag
* turtleneck (high, close-fitting collar)

##### Derived terms

* coljurk
* coltrui

#### Noun

col m (plural collen, diminutive colletje n)
* (informal, Belgium, sports) mountain pass
    Synonym: bergpas

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French colle.

#### Noun

col f (uncountable)
* (informal, Belgium) glue
    Synonym: lijm

##### Related terms

* collage

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: colle, collent, colles, cols

### Noun

col m (plural cols)
* (clothing) collar
* (geography) col (dip on a mountain ridge)
* (anatomy, dated) neck
    Synonym: cou
* neck (of objects, vases etc.)
    le col d’une bouteille ― the neck of a bottle

#### Derived terms

* col Danton
* col de l’utérus
* col Mao
* col romain
* col roulé

#### Related terms

* cou
* collier

#### Descendants

* → Hausa: kwal

### Further reading

* “col”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* coia, couva

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese col (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from an older unattested *coule, from Latin caulis. Cognate with Portuguese couve and Spanish col.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔl/

### Noun

col f (plural coles)
* collard; wild mustard, wild cabbage; kale; Brassica oleracea var. acephala
    Synonyms: coella, verza

#### Derived terms

* coella
* coíña
* coíñeiro

#### Related terms

* coliflor

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “col”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “coles”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “couues”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “col”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “col”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “col”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “col”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zoll.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sol]
* Hyphenation: col
* Rhymes: -ol

### Noun

col (plural colok)
* inch
    Synonym: hüvelyk

#### Derived terms

* colos

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* col in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* col in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɔl̪ˠ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish col, from Proto-Celtic *kulom.

#### Noun

col m (genitive singular coil, nominative plural colanna)
* prohibition
* sin, lust
* violation
* dislike
* incest
    Synonyms: ciorrú coil, corbadh
* relation, relationship

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
col
colanna
vocative
a choil
a cholanna
genitive
coil
colanna
dative
col
colanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an col
na colanna
genitive
an choil
na gcolanna
dative
leis an gcol don chol
leis na colanna :

##### Derived terms

* col ceathar
* col ceathrair
* col cúigir
* col gaoil
* col seisir
* colscaradh

### Etymology 2

From French col (“neck”).

#### Noun

col m (genitive singular coil, nominative plural coil)
* (geography) col

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
col
coil
vocative
a choil
a chola
genitive
coil
col
dative
col
coil
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an col
na coil
genitive
an choil
na gcol
dative
leis an gcol don chol
leis na coil :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “col”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “col”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “col”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Italian
### Contraction

col
* contraction of con il; with the

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* coul, coyl
* cal, cale, kal, kale (Northern)

### Etymology 1

From Old English cāl, variant of cawel, borrowed from Latin caulis.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔːl/
* (Northern) IPA: /kaːl/

#### Noun

col (plural coles)
* cabbage, kale, colewort

##### Descendants

* English: cole, kale, kail
* Scots: cale, caill, kail
* Yola: kaayle ⇒ Coolpeach
* → Irish: cál

##### References

* “cōl, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English col

#### Noun

col (plural coles)
* charcoal
* coal (the mineral)
* coal (ember)

##### Descendants

* English: coal

##### References

* “cōl, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French col, from Latin collum.

### Noun

col m (plural cols)
* (anatomy) the neck

#### Descendants

* French: cou, col

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī). Cognate with Old High German kuoli.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːl/

#### Adjective

cōl (comparative cōlra, superlative cōlost)
* cool (not hot or warm)

##### Descendants

* Middle English: col, coul, cool
** Scots: cule, cuill, kuil
** English: cool (see there for further descendants)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *kol. Cognate with Old Frisian kole, Old High German kolo, Old Norse kol.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kol/

#### Noun

col n
* coal
* charcoal

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Derived terms

* colpytt
* colsweart

##### Descendants

* Middle English: col
** English: coal

## Old French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin collum. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese colo and Old Spanish cuello.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔl/
* Rhymes: -ɔl

### Noun

col oblique singular, m (oblique plural cous or cox or cols, nominative singular cous or cox or cols, nominative plural col)
* (anatomy) neck

#### Related terms

* coler

#### Descendants

* Middle French: col
** French: cou, col
* Norman: co
* Walloon: cô

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kulɸom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkol]

### Noun

col n (genitive cuil)
* sin, violation

#### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | col$^N$ | col$^N$ | col$^L$, cola |
| Vocative | col$^N$ | col$^N$ | col$^L$, cola |
| Accusative | col$^N$ | col$^N$ | col$^L$, cola |
| Genitive | cuil$^L$ | col | col$^N$ |
| Dative | col$^L$ | colaib | colaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* mórchol

#### Descendants

* Irish: col
* Scottish Gaelic: col (“incest”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “col”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish col (“sin”).

### Noun

col m (genitive singular cola, plural colan)
* incest

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zoll.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sôːl/

### Noun

cȏl m (Cyrillic spelling цо̑л)
* inch

#### Related terms

* ȉnč, pȁlac

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”). Cognate with English cole and chou.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkol/ [ˈkol]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -ol
* Syllabification: col

### Noun

col f (plural coles)
* cabbage
    Synonyms: berza, repollo

#### Derived terms

* col china
* col de Bruselas
* col kale
* col lombarda
* col marina
* col rizada
* col verde
* coliflor
* colinabo

#### Related terms

* brécol

#### Descendants

* → Taos: kùliʼína

### Further reading

* “col”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tocharian B
### Adjective

col
* wild

## Vilamovian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cōl m (plural cōln)
* inch (unit of measure)