# bravo
## Translingual
### Noun

bravo
* Alternative letter-case form of Bravo of the ICAO/NATO radiotelephony alphabet.

## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/, /bɹɑˈvoʊ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɹɑːvəʊ/, /bɹɑːˈvəʊ/
* Rhymes: -ɑːvəʊ, Rhymes: -əʊ
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

bravo (plural bravos or bravoes or bravi)
* A hired soldier; an assassin; a desperado.
** 1753, Theophilus Cibber, The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (1753)‎:As for Rochester, he had not genius enough to enter the lists with Dryden, so he fell upon another method of revenge; and meanly hired bravoes to assault him.
** 1911, H. Rider Haggard, Red Eve‎:"Why should I fight the King of England's bravoes?" inquired Acour in a languid voice of those who stood about him, a question at which they laughed.
** 1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 104:Because the headache will always be there, a weapon that never wears out and is as deadly as the bravo’s rapier or Lucrezia's poison vial.
* A shout of "bravo!"
** 1907, Kate Dickinson Sweetser, Boys and girls from Thackeray‎:There was a roar of bravoes rang through the house; Pen bellowing with the loudest.
* (international standards, plural "bravos") Alternative letter-case form of Bravo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.

#### Synonyms

* (hired soldier): see Thesaurus:mercenary

### Interjection

bravo!
* Used to express acclaim, especially to a performer.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:well done
    Bravo, you have done a brilliant job!

#### Usage notes

Sometimes the (non-anglicized) Italian feminine form brava is used for a woman or girl, and the Italian plural forms brave f pl are used for female referents only, and bravi m pl are used for male only or two or more male and female referents.

#### Derived terms

* Bravo Zulu

#### Related terms

* brava
* bravissimo

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

bravo (third-person singular simple present bravos or bravoes, present participle bravoing, simple past and past participle bravoed)
* To cheer or applaud, especially by saying bravo!
** 1910, May Agnes Fleming, The Baronet's Bride‎:"And my Sunbeam was bravoed, and encored, and crowned with flowers, was she not?"
** 1899, Richard Le Gallienne, Young Lives‎:Together they had bravoed the great tragedians, and together hopelessly worshipped the beautiful faces, enskied and sainted, of famous actresses.

## Asturian
### Adjective

bravo
* neuter of bravu

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bravo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbrɑʋo(ː)/, [ˈbrɑ̝ʋo̞(ː)]
* IPA: /ˈbrɑˈʋo(ː)/, [ˈbrɑ̝ˈʋo̞(ː)]
* IPA: /ˈbrɑːʋo/, [ˈbrɑ̝ːʋo̞]
* Rhymes: -ɑʋo
* Hyphenation: bra‧vo

### Interjection

bravo
* bravo

#### Further reading

* “bravo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-12-12

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʁa.vo/
* Audio:(file)

### Interjection

bravo
* bravo!, hear, hear!, well said!, well done!

### Noun

bravo m (plural bravos)
* (in the plural) applause, cheers
* swordsman
    Synonym: spadassin

#### Related terms

* bravache
* bravade
* brave
* bravement
* braver
* bravoure

### Further reading

* “bravo”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾabo/ [ˈbɾa.β̞ʊ]
* Rhymes: -abo
* Hyphenation: bra‧vo

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bravo, from Latin barbarus, which was frequently found in Galician medieval Latin documentation with the meaning of "uncultivated, fallow". Alternatively from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.

#### Adjective

bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas)
* uncultivated, harsh, rough (when referring to a land)
** 1334, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (eds. ), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 487:
    et nos dedes delle en cada ano terça do pan e do viño, e de lino e de liguma do feytuo, e do monte bravo que aromperdesand you'll give us each year a third of the grain and of the wine, of the flax, and of the pulses, and of the uncultivated lands that you could plough up
* wild, spontaneous (when referring to a plant)
    Synonym: ventureiro
* wild, untamed (when referring to an animal)
    Synonym: salvaxe
* harsh, fierce
** 1364, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 441:
    son ende quatro boys, dous bravos et dous massosthere are four oxen: two are fierce and two are meek
    Synonym: fero
* strong (when referring to a beverage) or hot spicy
    Synonym: forte
* bold, valiant
    Synonyms: afouto, arriscado, valente

##### Derived terms

* besta brava (“wild horse”)
* Bravos
* faneca brava (“lesser weever”)
* porco bravo (“wild pig”)

##### Related terms

* bravádego (“copse”)
* braveiro (“sprout”)
* braveza (“braveness”)
* bravío (“wild”)
* bravún (“the odor of a wild animal”)
* bravura (“braveness”)
* embravecer (“to infuriate”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian bravo.

#### Interjection

bravo!
* bravo!

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “bravo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “bravo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “bravo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “bravo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* ↑ barbaras in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bravo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbra.vo/, [ˈbra.fo]
* Rhymes: -vo
* Hyphenation: bra‧vo

### Interjection

bravo
* bravo, well done!, good show!
    Synonym: syabas

### Further reading

* “bravo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from Vulgar Latin *bravus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus. Less likely from Provençal brau (“show-off”), from Gaulish *bragos (compare Middle Irish breagha (modern breá) 'fine', Breton braga 'to strut'). Or perhaps borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Germanic *hrawaz (“raw, uncooked”). Or possibly from a root *bravus, from bravium. Borrowed into French and English as brave.
Pierre Carpentier, in an 18th-century edition of du Cange's 17th-century dictionary of medieval and modern Latin, argued Latin branus originated in a misreading of Italian and Spanish bravo. However, George Nicholson argues the opposite in a 1950 Festschrift article, namely bravo being a misreading of Latin branus, which would have the origin du Cange had originally argued for, from Old French brahaigne (“barren”) (see barren). Compare English gravy, possibly a misreading of French grané (“stew”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbra.vo/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -avo
* Hyphenation: brà‧vo

### Adjective

bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave, superlative bravissimo)
* (prepositional) good, well-behaved
* good, skilful, capable, clever, fine
* good, obedient
* (obsolete) brave, bold
* (obsolete) wild, untamed (of animals)
* (obsolete) harsh (of places)

#### Related terms

* brav'uomo
* bravaccio
* bravamente
* bravare
* bravata
* bravazzo
* braveria
* bravino
* bravura

### Noun

bravo m (plural bravi)
* henchman

### Interjection

bravo m (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave)
* well done!, good show!
* (theater) bravo!

#### Descendants

* → English: bravo
* → French: bravo
* → Romanian: bravo
* → Turkish: bravo

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* 1 2 http://blog.oup.com/2013/11/brave-etymology-word-origin/
* ↑ http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/BRANA

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾa.vu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾa.vu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾa.vo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾa.vu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾa.vu/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾa.bu/ [ˈbɾa.βu]
* Rhymes: -avu, (Northern Portugal) -abu
* Hyphenation: bra‧vo

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.

#### Alternative forms

* brabo (regionalism)

#### Adjective

bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, comparable, comparative mais bravo, superlative o mais bravo or bravíssimo, diminutive bravinho, augmentative bravão)
* angry; furious, annoyed
    Synonyms: furioso, irado, raivoso, enraivecido
    Fico bravo quando você entra sem bater.I get angry when you enter without knocking first.
* brave; valiant, courageous
    Synonyms: valente, destemido, corajoso
* coarse; uneducated, uncivilized
    Synonyms: bárbaro, rude, grosseiro
* prone to irritation, easily angered, bad-tempered, choleric
    Synonyms: genioso, irritadiço
* rigorous, authoritarian
    Synonyms: rígido, rigoroso, severo
* difficult, unmanageable (of a person or situation)
    Synonyms: ruço, difícil
* undomesticated (of an animal)
    Synonyms: bravio, silvestre
* spontaneous, weed (of a plant or vegetable)
    Synonym: espontâneo
* uncultivated (of the land)
    Synonyms: bravio, inculto
* stormy (of the sea)
    Synonym: tempestuoso
* (Brazil, slang) a term akin to English dope, hard; meaning cool or good, usually with an aggressive connotation

##### Derived terms

* bravamente
* braveza
* bravio
* bravura
* coelho-bravo
* embravecer
* mandioca-brava

#### Noun

bravo m (plural bravos)
* (Brazil) a certain part of an oxcart
* (North Brazil) a neophyte to rubber tapping, a novice seringueiro

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian bravo.

#### Interjection

bravo!
* bravo! well done!
    Bravo! Você acertou!Bravo! You got it right!

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bravo or Italian bravo.

### Interjection

bravo
* bravo

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾabo/ [ˈbɾa.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -abo
* Syllabification: bra‧vo

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus (or from metathesis of an intermediate form *babru-).

#### Adjective

bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, superlative bravísimo)
* angry, furious
    Synonyms: enojado, enfadado, fiero, mañoso
* bold, courageous
    Synonym: valiente
* skilful, capable, clever, fine
* good, excellent
* agitated (sea)
* wild (animal)
    Synonym: salvaje

##### Derived terms

* a la brava
* barra brava
* bravamente
* Bravos de Atlanta
* encino bravo
* ganso bravo
* lino bravo
* patatas bravas
* picha brava
* salsa brava
* toro bravo

##### Related terms

* bravear
* bravero
* braveza
* bravío
* bravucón
* bravura
* desbravar
* embravecer

##### Descendants

* → Belizean Creole: braabo, braabu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian bravo.

#### Interjection

¡bravo!
* (in general use) well done!, good show!
* (at the theatre, etc) bravo!

### Further reading

* “bravo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Swedish
### Etymology

Internationalism, from Italian bravo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbrɑːvʊ/
* Rhymes: -¹ɑːvʊ

### Interjection

bravo
* bravo

#### Derived terms

* bravorop

#### Related terms

* bravur

### References

* bravo in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bravo in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bravo in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish براوو, from Italian bravo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b(ɯ)ɾɑ.vo/

### Interjection

bravo!
* well done!, good show!
* (theater) bravo!