# 過去
## Chinese
### Etymology
#### "the past"

    Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अतीत (atīta, “[what has] gone by; bygone; the past”, past participle), from अति (ati, “over; beyond”) + verb root इ (i, “to go”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guòqù
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo$^3$ heoi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-hi
* Eastern Min (BUC): guó-kó̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kè-khì / kèr-khìr / kòe-khì / kè-khù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guê$^3$ ke$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku-chi; $^5$ku-chiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guòqù
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guòcyù
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^4$-chʻü$^4$
*** Yale: gwò-chyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guohchiuh
*** Palladius: гоцюй (gocjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuə⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwo$^3$ heoi$^3$
*** Yale: gwo heui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwo$^3$ hoey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guo$^3$ hêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔː³³ hɵy̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-hi
*** Hakka Romanization System: go hi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^4$ hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guó-kó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(kʰ-)}$ɔ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khì
*** Tâi-lô: kè-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qix
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr-khìr
*** Tâi-lô: kèr-khìr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Lukang): /kə³¹⁻⁵³ kʰɨ³¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /kə¹²⁻⁵³ kʰɯ¹²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-khì
*** Tâi-lô: kuè-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koea'qix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khù
*** Tâi-lô: kè-khù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qux
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰu¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guê$^3$ ke$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuè khṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰɯ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku-chi; $^5$ku-chiu
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$ chi; ku$^去$ chiu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku-qi; $^2$ku-qy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/, /ku³³ t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kwaH khjoH
Rime :
| Character | 過 | 去 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古卧切 | 丘倨切 |
| Baxter | kwaH | khjoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwa$^H$/ | /kʰɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑ$^H$/ | /kʰi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guò | qù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwo$^3$ | heoi$^3$ |

### Noun

過去
* the past
    回顧過去／回顾过去 ― huígù guòqù ― to look back (into the past)
       Dǒngshìjú zài guòqù jǐnián chūxiàn duōcì de rénshì biàndòng. [Pinyin]
       The board of directors has undergone several personnel changes in the past few years.

#### Synonyms

* nan-xia, nan-qua, 往常時 / 往常时 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* nan-xia, 往當時 / 往当时 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 以往 (yǐwǎng)
* 前時 / 前时 (qiánshí) (literary)
* 原來 / 原来 (yuánlái)
* 向時 / 向时 (xiàngshí)
* 向時仔 / 向时仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 夙昔 (sùxī) (literary)
* 已往 (yǐwǎng)
* 平昔 (píngxī) (literary)
* 往前 (wǎngqián)
* 往常 (wǎngcháng)
* 往日 (wǎngrì) (literary)
* 往日仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 往昔 (wǎngxī) (literary)
* 往時 / 往时 (wǎngshí)
* 往時仔 / 往时仔 (Min Nan)
* 從前 / 从前 (cóngqián)
* 既往 (jìwǎng)
* 日前 (rìqián) (literary)
* 日者 (rìzhě) (literary)
* 早日 (zǎorì)
* 昔年 (xīnián) (literary)
* 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
* 昔者 (xīzhě) (literary)
* 曩昔 (nǎngxī) (literary)
* 異日 / 异日 (yìrì) (literary)
* 當年 / 当年
* 疇昔 / 畴昔 (chóuxī) (literary)
* 素日 (sùrì) (literary)
* 老底子 (lǎodǐzi) (dialectal)
* 舊𫢗時 / 旧𫢗时 (gu$^7$ diang$^1$ si$^5$) (Teochew)
* 舊底 / 旧底 (gau$^6$ dai$^2$) (Cantonese, Min Nan)
* 舊時 / 旧时 (jiùshí)
* 舊陣時 / 旧阵时 (Cantonese)
* 過往 / 过往 (guòwǎng)

### Verb

過去
* to go over; to pass by
* to have already happened; to be in the past
    忍忍就過去了。／忍忍就过去了。 ― Rěn rěn jiù guòqù le. ― Endure it for a bit and then it'll be gone.
* (euphemistic) to die; to pass away

#### Usage notes

In the euphemistic sense to die, must be followed by 了 (le).

#### Synonyms

* (to die):
* 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
* 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
* 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
* 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 不祿 / 不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
* 亡
* 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
* 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
* 仙遊 / 仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
* 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
* 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
* 傾世 / 倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
* 傾亡 / 倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
* 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
* 凋謝 / 凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
* 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
* 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 去世 (qùshì)
* 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 喪亡 / 丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
* 喪命 / 丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
* 喪生 / 丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 嗚呼 / 呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
* 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
* 嚥氣 / 咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
* 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
* 圓寂 / 圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
* 壽終正寢 / 寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
* 失氣 / 失气 (shīqì) (literary)
* 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
* 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
* 小喇叭兒吹了 / 小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 就義 / 就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
* 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 彈老三 / 弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
* 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 掛 / 挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
* 故 (gù)
* 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 斃命 / 毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
* 早死 (zǎosǐ)
* 晏駕 / 晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
* 棄世 / 弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
* 歸天 / 归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
* 歸西 / 归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
* 歸道山 / 归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
* 死 (sǐ)
* 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
* 死人 (sǐrén)
* 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
* 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
* 死翹翹 / 死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
* 死脫 / 死脱 ($^5$shi-theq) (Wu)
* 殞 / 殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
* 氣絕 / 气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
* 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 沒世 / 没世 (mòshì) (literary)
* 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
* 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
* 狗帶 / 狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
* 畢命 / 毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
* 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
* 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
* 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
* 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
* 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
* 百年歸老 / 百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 盡命 / 尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
* 終 / 终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
* 絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
* 翹辮子 / 翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
* 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 蒙主寵召 / 蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
* 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
* 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
* 被難 / 被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
* 見背 / 见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
* 見閻王 / 见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
* 見馬克思 / 见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
* 謝世 / 谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
* 賓天 / 宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
* 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
* 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
* 辭世 / 辞世 (císhì) (literary)
* 辭塵 / 辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
* 逝世 (shìshì)
* 進棺材 / 进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
* 過世 / 过世 (guòshì)
* 過往 / 过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
* 過身 / 过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
* 過面 / 过面 (Hokkien)
* 長山賣鴨卵 / 长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 長眠 / 长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 閉眼 / 闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 隕落 / 陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
* 離世 / 离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
* 駕崩 / 驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 駕鶴西去 / 驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
* 駕鶴西遊 / 驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
* 龍馭上賓 / 龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 死, 亡, 歿, 卒 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 死, 撂, 撂條, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 死, 過世 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 § |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 歿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 死, 過世 †, 不在 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 § |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 死, 不在 †, 老 † |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 過身, 去 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 去歸, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 死, 善, 去 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 死, 登仙 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 § |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 死, 過身 † |
| Gan | Nanchang | 死, 過世 †, 老 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 死 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 過身, 香 † |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 過身, 死 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 死 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 過身, 老 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 § |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 死去, 老 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 † |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 † |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 † |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 † |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 死, 過身 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 § |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 § |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 死 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 死 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 § |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Wu | Suzhou | 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 § |
| Wu | Danyang | 死 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤ |
| Wu | Jinhua | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Xiang | Changsha | 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 † |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 死, 過世 †, 故 † |
| Note | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful |

### Derived terms

* 說不過去 / 说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)
* 說得過去 / 说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
* 過去分詞 / 过去分词 (guòqù fēncí)
* 過去史 / 过去史 (guòqùshǐ)
* 過去式 / 过去式 (guòqùshì)
* 過去時 / 过去时 (guòqùshí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 過 | 去 |
| か Grade: 5 | こ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かこ [káꜜkò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠ko̞]

### Noun

過(か)去(こ) • (kako)
* the past (period of time that has already happened)
** 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)61話(わ)　愛(いと)しきものの為(ため)に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 48–49:
    過(か)去(こ)を断(た)ち切(き)る力(ちから)　見(み)せてもらいたいものね
       Kako o tachikiru chikara misete moraitai mono ne
       Your willingness to cut ties with the past. Show me.
** 2007 July 21, “六(ろく)武(ぶ)衆(しゅう)の侍(じ)従(じゅう) [Chamberlain of the Six Samurai]”, in GLADIATOR'S ASSAULT(グラディエイターズ・アサルト), Konami:
    六(ろく)武(ぶ)衆(しゅう)を陰(かげ)で支(ささ)える謎(なぞ)多(おお)き人(じん)物(ぶつ)。今(いま)はもう闘(たたか)う事(こと)はないが、体(からだ)に刻(きざ)まれた無(む)数(すう)の傷(きず)跡(あと)が何(なに)かを語(かた)る。その過(か)去(こ)を知(し)る者(もの)はいない。
       Rokubushū o kage de sasaeru nazōoki jinbutsu. Ima wa mō tatakau koto wa nai ga, karada ni kizamareta musū no kizuato ga nanika o kataru. Sono kako o shiru mono wa inai.
       An enigmatic character who supports the Six Samurai from the shadows. He no longer engages in battles, but countless scars on his body definitely tell something. No one really knows about that past of his, though.

### See also

* 現(げん)在(ざい) (genzai, “present”)
* 未(み)来(らい) (mirai, “future”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 過 | 去 |

### Noun

過去 • (gwageo) (hangeul 과거)
* hanja form of 과거 (“the past”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 過 | 去 |

### Noun

過去
* chữ Hán form of quá khứ (“the past”).