# غربال
## Arabic

* Root
* غ ر ب ل (ḡ r b l)
* 4 terms

### Etymology

From Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא / ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā) (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic more commonly written אַרְבָּאלָא / אַרְבָּלָא (ʾarbālā), and also vocalized עַרְכְּלָא (ʿarbəlā), אַרְכְּלָא (ʾarbəlā)). Possible a culture-word left from the Hurrian period in Nuzi from which sieves have been excavated and where the Hurrian word 𒂊𒅕𒁁𒀉𒋼 (e-ir-be-et-te /⁠erbette⁠/) is found, said to be of uncertain meaning. Such an origin is also supported by Old Armenian խարբալեմ (xarbalem, “to sift”), Middle Armenian խարբալ (xarbal, “sieve”). (Neo-Babylonian 𒌒𒁄𒆷 (/⁠arballu⁠/, “sieve”) is from Aramaic.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣir.baːl/

### Noun

غِرْبَال • (ḡirbāl) m (plural غَرَابِيل (ḡarābīl))
* sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter
    Synonyms: مِصْفاة (miṣfāh), مِنْخَل (minḵal)

#### Derived terms

* غَرْبَلَ (ḡarbala, “to sift”)
* غِرْبَالِيّ (ḡirbāliyy, “ethmoid”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għarbiel
* → Catalan: garbell
* → French: grabeau
* → Persian: غربال (ğarbâl), غربیل (ğarbil), غلبیر (ğalbir), غربیر (ğarbir), گربال (garbâl, gerbâl), قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
** → Azerbaijani: xəlbir
** → Uyghur: غەلۋىر (ghelwir)
** → Uzbek: gʻalvir
** → Turkmen: galbir
** → Ottoman Turkish: قلبور (kalbur), قالبور (kalbur)
*** Turkish: kalbur
*** → Armenian: խալպուր (xalpur)
*** → Persian: قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
*** → Russian: халбу́р (xalbúr) (19th-century argot)
** → Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)
** → Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)
** → Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)
* → Portuguese: alvarral
* → Sicilian: garbula
* → Spanish: garbillo

#### References

* “غربال” in Almaany
* “arballu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968, page 239
* “erbette”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 4, E, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1958, page 256
* “ˁrbl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “غربال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 205
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 91
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “غربال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 267
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1892) “Die semitischen Lehnwörter im Altarmenischen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 46, page 238
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “غربال”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 453
* Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, page 65
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “غربال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2245
* Müller, Friedrich (1893) “Pahlawi-, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎ (in German), volume 7, pages 380–381
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غربال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 749
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “غربال”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 344
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “غربال”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 784
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غربال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 910

## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* غ ر ب ل
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣur.baːl/, /ɣar.baːl/

### Noun

غُربال or غَربال • (ḡurbāl or ḡarbāl) m (plural غرابل (ḡrābil))
* coarse sieve (for grain)
    Synonyms: (for liquids) صفاية (ṣaffāya), (for liquids) ستاية (sattāya)

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* غربیل (ğarbil), غلبیر (ğalbir), غربیر (ğarbir), گربال (garbâl, gerbâl)
* قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl), from Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא / ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā), assumed to be from Hurrian.

### Noun

غربال • (ğarbâl)
* sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter
    Synonyms: الک (alak), ماشاو (mâšâv), تنگ‌بیز (tang-bêz), تنک‌بیز (tanuk-bêz)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: xəlbir
* → Uyghur: غەلۋىر (ghelwir)
* → Uzbek: gʻalvir
* → Turkmen: galbir
* → Ottoman Turkish: قلبور (kalbur), قالبور (kalbur)
** Turkish: kalbur
** → Armenian: խալպուր (xalpur)
** → Persian: قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
** → Russian: халбу́р (xalbúr) (19th-century argot)
* → Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)
* → Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)
* → Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)

### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 493–494