# विष
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वि॒ष (viṣá).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɪʂ/, [ʋɪʃ]

### Noun

विष • (viṣ) m (Urdu spelling وش)
* poison, venom
    मनुष्य के लिए, संखिया प्राण-घातक विष है।manuṣya ke lie, saṅkhiyā prāṇ-ghātak viṣ hai.For humans, arsenic is a deadly poison.
    छुआछूत हमारा समाज का विष है।chuāchūt hamārā samāj kā viṣ hai.Untouchability is a poison of our society.

#### Synonyms

* ज़हर (zahar), बिस (bis), गरल (garal)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “विष”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “विष”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वि॒ष (viṣá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋiʂ/, [ʋiːʂ]

### Noun

विष • (viṣ) n
* poison, venom

#### Derived terms

* विषबाधा (viṣbādhā, “poisoning”)
* विषाणू (viṣāṇū, “virus”)
* विषारी (viṣārī, “toxic”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱিষ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬶᬱ (Balinese script)
* বিষ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰰𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀺𑀱 (Brahmi script)
* ဝိၑ (Burmese script)
* વિષ (Gujarati script)
* ਵਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌿𑌷 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦶꦰ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂱𑂭 (Kaithi script)
* ವಿಷ (Kannada script)
* វិឞ (Khmer script)
* ວິຩ (Lao script)
* വിഷ (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᡳᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘱𑘬 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠢᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧒𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐶𑐲 (Newa script)
* ଵିଷ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢶꢰ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆴𑆰 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖰𑖬 (Siddham script)
* විෂ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩑𑪀 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚮 (Takri script)
* விஷ (Tamil script)
* విష (Telugu script)
* วิษ (Thai script)
* ཝི་ཥ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒱𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨁𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”). Cognate with Latin vīrus, Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬱𐬀 (vīša), Tocharian B wase, Middle Persian 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (ʿ(y)š /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”), Middle Irish fí.
Traditionally derived from the root विष् (viṣ, “to consume”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋi.ʂɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋi.ʂɐ/

#### Noun

वि॒ष • (viṣá) stem, n or m
* poison, venom, bane
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

##### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kalasha: biṣ
* Pali: visa
* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa) (see there for further descendants)

###### Borrowed terms

* → Braj: विख (vikh)
* → Gujarati: વિષ (viṣ)
* → Hindi: विष (viṣ), विख (vikh)
* → Kannada: ವಿಷ (viṣa)
* → Khmer: ពិស (pɨh)
* → Malay: bisa
** > Indonesian: bisa (inherited)
* → Malayalam: വിഷം (viṣaṁ)
* → Marathi: विष (viṣ)
* → Middle Gujarati: विष
** Gujarati: વિખ (vikh), વખ (vakh)
* → Old Javanese: wiṣa, biṣa, bisa
** > Javanese: ꦮꦶꦱ (wisa) (inherited)
** > Javanese: ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa), ꦲꦶꦱ (isa) (inherited)
*** → Peranakan Indonesian: iso
*** → Malay: bisa
**** > Indonesian: bisa (inherited)
* → Marwari: विख (vikh)
* → Tamil: விடம் (viṭam), விஷம் (viṣam), விசம் (vicam)
* → Telugu: విషము (viṣamu)
* → Thai: พิษ (pít)

#### Adjective

वि॒ष • (viṣá) stem
* poisonous
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From the root विष् (viṣ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋí.ʂɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋi.ʂɐ/

#### Noun

विष • (víṣa) stem, m
* servant, attendant
* name of a साध्य (sādhya)

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 563-4

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “विष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0995/2.