# -sen
## Danish
### Etymology

From søn (“son”); the spelling change ø to e is likely a vowel reduction for ease of pronunciation. See Scandinavian family name etymology.

### Suffix

-sen
* (not productive) -son; Forms patronymic surnames.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Norwegian-American Surnames (Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume XII: Page 1

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sən/

### Suffix

-sen
* Alternative form of -s (“patronymic suffix”)

#### Derived terms
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sən/, /zən/
* Voiceless after obstruents, voiced after vowels and sonorants. (In the latter case, /s/ may occur regionally or idiolectally in individual words.)

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German -sen, byform of -(ez)zen, from Old High German -ezzen, -azzen, from Proto-West Germanic *-attjan, from Proto-Germanic *-atjaną. In some cases merged with unrelated Old High German -isōn, from Proto-Germanic *-isōną. Modern formations often interact with the nominal suffix -s in such a way that it is impossible to say whether the derivation is denominal or deverbal (e.g. stuppen > Stups > stupsen or stuppen > stupsen > Stups).

#### Suffix

-sen
* Verbal suffix that expresses an action being intensified or stretched by iteration.

##### Alternative forms

* -zen, -schen

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German -(e)sen, contraction of -hûsen. Thus a byform of German -hausen, which occurs in the same areas in seemingly random variation. Compare -trop, -trup, another Low German contraction that has often survived unaltered.

#### Suffix

-sen
* Placename suffix found in northern Germany.

##### Derived terms

* Alvesen
* Amelsen
* Ammensen
* Apensen
* Armsen
* Behrensen
* Bennigsen
* Bötersen
* Buensen
* Dassensen
* Deensen
* Dehnsen
* Deinsen
* Deitersen
* Delligsen
* Delmsen
* Dibbersen
* Dörrigsen
* Drochtersen
* Dunsen
* Eilensen
* Eimsen
* Ellensen
* Erbsen
* Etelsen
* Garbsen
* Güntersen
* Hamersen
* Heinsen
* Hembsen
* Hettensen
* Holtensen
* Hornsen
* Hullersen
* Hülsen
* Imbsen
* Imsen
* Ippensen
* Kohnsen
* Kreiensen
* Lödingsen
* Lüdersen
* Mackensen
* Meckelsen
* Naensen
* Offensen
* Ollsen
* Otersen
* Ottensen
* Parensen
* Pattensen
* Pippensen
* Pülsen
* Seppensen
* Siddessen
* Sittensen
* Uelsen
* Varrigsen
* Viersen
* Vögelsen
* Voldagsen
* Völkersen
* Waffensen
* Wangersen
* Wellersen
* Wickensen
* Wiegersen
* Willensen
* Winsen

## Japanese
### Romanization

-sen
* Rōmaji transcription of せん

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English -tion or -sion. Doublet of -syen, -shen, -esyen, and -esen. Cognates to Tok Pisin -sen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-sen/
* Hyphenation: -sén

### Suffix

-sen (Jawi spelling ـسين)
* (Malaysia, Singapore) -tion
    imigresen ― immigration
    stesen ― station

#### Usage notes

In newer adaptations of English loanwords ending in -tion or -sion, this is now replaced by -si in an effort to make the ending of words of this kind uniform with its Dutch-derived counterparts in Indonesian (compare opsyen for option and aksi for action).

#### Derived terms
## Middle Low German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-sən/

### Suffix

-sen
* -son; a suffix used to form patronymic surnames

## Norwegian
### Etymology

From sønn; the spelling change ø to e is likely a vowel reduction for ease of pronunciation. See Scandinavian family name etymology.

### Suffix

-sen
* -son

#### Derived terms
## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

Borrowed from English -tion or -sion. Doublet of -sen, -esyen, and -esen. Cognates to Malay -sen and Tagalog -syon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ʃən/
* Hyphenation: -syen

### Suffix

-sen
* -tion
    imigresen ― immigration
    stesen ― station

#### Derived terms
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* -en

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛn/

### Suffix

-sen
* (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional
* (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional