# 薺

| 薺 | U+85BA, &#34234; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85BA |
| ← 薹 [U+85B9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薻 → [U+85BB] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 薺 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 萕 |
| Simplified | 荠 |

### Han character

薺 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜難 (TYX), four-corner 4422$_3$, composition ⿱艹齊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1063, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32208
* Dae Jaweon: page 1527, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3315, character 11
* Unihan data for U+85BA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 儕 | *zriːl |
| 麡 | *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl |
| 齋 | *ʔsriːl |
| 穧 | *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls |
| 擠 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 躋 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 齏 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齎 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil |
| 櫅 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齌 | *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls |
| 隮 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 賷 | *ʔsliːl |
| 虀 | *ʔsliːl |
| 濟 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls |
| 癠 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls |
| 霽 | *ʔsliːls |
| 齊 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 臍 | *zliːl |
| 蠐 | *zliːl, *zlil |
| 懠 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 薺 | *zliːlʔ, *zlil |
| 鱭 | *zliːlʔ |
| 嚌 | *zliːls |
| 劑 | *zliːls, *ʔslel |
| 齍 | *ʔslil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zliːlʔ, *zlil) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cī
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chē / ché
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^5$
*** Yale: cháih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
*** Tâi-lô: tsē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ze
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
*** Tâi-lô: tsé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zhi
*** MiniDict: zhi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$xxi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzejX
Rime :
| Character | 薺 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徂禮切 |
| Baxter | dzejX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ziei$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱiei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*dzˤ[ə]jʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zliːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 薺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*dzˁ[ə]jʔ/ |
| English | Capsella bursa-pastoris |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10058 |
| Phonetic component | 齊 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薺 |
| Old Chinese | /*zliːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

薺
* shepherd's purse

#### Compounds

* 庭薺 / 庭荠 (tíngjì)
* 甘之如薺 / 甘之如荠
* 甘心如薺 / 甘心如荠
* 薺苨 / 荠苨
* 薺菜 / 荠菜 (jìcài)
* 薺薴 / 荠苧

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qí (qi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhì
* Jin (Wiktionary): qi$^3$ / qi$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sì
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chî / chê
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qí
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cí
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^2$
*** Yale: chí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^4$
*** Yale: chàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^3$ / qi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sì
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chî / chê
*** Tâi-lô: tsî / tsê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cii, zee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si¹³/, /t͡se¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡si²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²³/, /t͡se²³/
* chî - vernacular;
* chê - literary.

#### Definitions

薺
* Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi) and its regional synonyms.

#### Compounds

* 荸薺 / 荸荠
* 莓薺 / 莓荠
* 荸薺子 / 荸荠子
* 葧薺 / 葧荠 (bóqí)
* 馬薺 / 马荠

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cí (ci$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chîr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cí
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
*** Tâi-lô: tsîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzij
Rime :
| Character | 薺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾資切 |
| Baxter | dzij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zi/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zi/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlil/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薺 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10071 |
| Phonetic component | 齊 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茨 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlil/ |

#### Definitions

薺
* Alternative form of 茨 (cí, “Tribulus terrestris”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 萕 |
| Kyūjitai | 薺 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 萕)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざい (zai)、じ (ji)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)、し (shi)
* Kun: なずな (nazuna, 薺)、ひとしい (hitoshii, 薺しい)、ととのえる (totonoeru, 薺える)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 薺
* なずな Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/nad͡zuna/ > /nazuna/
Unclear. There are two leading theories, based on older form nadzuna:
* May be derived from natsu na, as in 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 無 (na, “missing, gone”), from the way the plant dies back in the summer.
* May be derived from nadzuru na, as in 撫づる (nadzuru, “to pet, to pat, to stroke”, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Old Japanese verb 撫づ nadzu, modern Japanese 撫でる naderu) + 菜 (na, “edible greens”), from the way the flower clusters may invite handling.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なずな [nàzúná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [na̠zɨna̠]

### Noun

薺(なずな) or 薺(ナズナ) • (nazuna)
* shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris
    Synonyms: 三味線草 (shamisen-gusa), 撥草 (bachikusa), ぺんぺん草 (penpengusa)
    Hypernym: 春の七草
    Coordinate terms: 芹, 薺, 御形, 繁縷, 仏の座, 菘, 蘿蔔

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナズナ.

#### Derived terms

* 甘薺(アマナズナ) (ama nazuna)
* 犬薺(イヌナズナ) (inu nazuna)
* 岩薺(イワナズナ) (iwa nazuna)
* 唐草薺(カラクサナズナ) (karakusa nazuna)
* 軍配薺(グンバイナズナ) (gunbai nazuna)
* 庭薺(ニワナズナ) (niwa nazuna)
* 白鮮薺(ハクセンナズナ) (hakusen nazuna)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

薺 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.