# 但

| 但 | U+4F46, &#20294; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F46 |
| ← 佅 [U+4F45] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 佇 → [U+4F47] |

## Translingual
### Han character

但 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人日一 (OAM), four-corner 2621$_0$, composition ⿰亻旦)

#### Derived characters

* 𭈂, 𢭱, 𣵤, 𨧝, 𩊹, 亱, 𮏈, 𮃿, 𨵀, 𠜬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 495
* Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 132, character 4
* Unihan data for U+4F46

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 但
* Small seal scripts05883Transcribed ancient scriptsL34714L16006L16007
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 皽 | *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ |
| 担 | *taːnʔ |
| 胆 | *daːn, *daːn |
| 疸 | *taːnʔ, *taːns |
| 觛 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ |
| 亶 | *taːnʔ |
| 嬗 | *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans |
| 笪 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 狚 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 旦 | *taːns |
| 鴠 | *taːns |
| 譠 | *tʰaːn, *rteːn |
| 坦 | *tʰaːnʔ |
| 但 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns |
| 檀 | *daːn |
| 壇 | *daːn |
| 儃 | *daːn, *djan |
| 驙 | *daːn, *tan |
| 袒 | *daːnʔ, *rdeːns |
| 襢 | *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans |
| 繵 | *daːnʔ |
| 膻 | *daːnʔ |
| 澶 | *daːns, *djan |
| 邅 | *tan, *danʔ, *dans |
| 鱣 | *tan |
| 饘 | *tjan, *tjanʔ |
| 旜 | *tjan |
| 氈 | *tjan |
| 鸇 | *tjan |
| 顫 | *tjans |
| 蟺 | *djanʔ |
| 擅 | *djans |
| 羶 | *hljan |
| 呾 | *taːd, *ʔraːd |
| 怛 | *taːd |
| 妲 | *taːd |
| 靼 | *taːd, *tjad |
| 炟 | *taːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 單 (OC *taːn, “single”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dān
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): deng$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): an$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): than / thán
    (Hailu, HRS): tan$^ˇ$ / tan$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dan$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dan$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dáng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tān / nā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dang$^6$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): daan$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$de / $^6$daen / $^6$dae
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan$^5$ / dan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: dān
*** Sinological IPA : /tã⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^6$
*** Yale: daahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: deng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛŋ³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: an$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /an³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than / thán
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan / tan$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^4$ / tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/, /tʰan³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan$^ˇ$ / tan$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/, /tʰan²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tan⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tæ̃⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dáng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tān
*** Tâi-lô: tān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dan
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tan³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
*** Tâi-lô: nā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: na
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nã²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã³³/
* tān - literary;
* nā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 毋但).
* Middle Chinese: dan, danX, danH
Rime :
| Character | 但 | 但 | 但 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 寒 (61) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒干切 | 徒旱切 | 徒案切 |
| Baxter | dan | danX | danH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑn/ | /dɑn$^X$/ | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑn/ | /dɑn$^X$/ | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑn/ | /dɑn$^X$/ | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dan/ | /dan$^X$/ | /dan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑn/ | /dɑn$^X$/ | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑn/ | /dɑn$^X$/ | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑn/ | /dʱɑn$^X$/ | /dʱɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán | dàn | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^4$ | daan$^6$ | daan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤa[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/, /*daːnʔ/, /*daːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 但 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dan$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁa[n]ʔ/ |
| English | only |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 但 | 但 | 但 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 2060 | 2067 | 2072 |
| Phonetic component | 旦 | 旦 | 旦 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壇 | 但 | 憚 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːn/ | /*daːnʔ/ | /*daːns/ |
| Notes | 通作袒 | | |

### Definitions

但
* only
    但求 ― dàn qiú ― to only hope
* but; however; yet; still
    但是 ― dànshì ― but
       Zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng hěn shàojiàn, dàn yě bùshì bùhuì fāshēng. [Pinyin]
       This type of situation is rare, but it may still happen.
* a surname
* (Protestantism) Dan

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 而, 然, 但, 卻, 則 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過, 然而 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 但 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 但, 但是, 可是, 不過 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 但是 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | tapi |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係, but |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 但係, 不過, 之不過 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 但係, 董係 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過, 毋故 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋過 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 但係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | tapi |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 但是 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 但是, 毋過, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 但是, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 但是, 毋過, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 但是, 毋過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是, 毋句, 毋過 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 但是, 毋句, 毋過 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | tapi |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 是呾, 比補 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 但是, แต่ว่า |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 但是, tapi |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | tapi, 不過, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但是 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 但是, 必過, 不過, 但不過, 但必過 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 但必過 |
* (Dan): (Catholicism) 丹 (dān)

### Compounds

* 不但 (bùdàn)
* 但云
* 何但
* 但使
* 但係 / 但系
* 但凡 (dànfán)
* 但店 (Dàndiàn)
* 但得
* 但是 (dànshì)
* 但曲
* 但書 / 但书 (dànshū)
* 但有 (dànyǒu)
* 但歌
* 但民
* 但求塞責 / 但求塞责
* 但求如願 / 但求如愿
* 但澤 / 但泽 (Dànzé)
* 但聞 / 但闻 (dànwén)
* 但須 / 但须
* 但願 / 但愿 (dànyuàn)
* 可但
* 撒但 (Sādàn)
* 撒但教 (Sādànjiào)
* 格但斯克 (Gédànsīkè)
* 豈但 / 岂但 (qǐdàn)
* 非但 (fēidàn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: だん (dan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)
* Kun: ただし (tadashi, 但し, Jōyō)、ただ (tada, 但)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 但
* ただ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 但 – see the following entry. :
| 【ただ】 | [adverb] 唯, 只, 但: merely, commonly, simply, only [conjunction] 唯, 只, 但, 惟: but, however, although, except that Alternative spellings 唯, 只, 惟 |
(This term, 但, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 但
* ただ(し) Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Proper noun

但(ただし) or 但(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

但 (eumhun 다만 단 (daman dan))
* hanja form of 단 (“only”)
* hanja form of 단 (“but, however, yet, still”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

但: Hán Việt readings: đãn, đán
但: Nôm readings: giản, đản, đởn
* (literary) only
* (literary) but, however

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).