# testimonium
## Danish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin testimōnium.

### Noun

testimonium n (singular definite testimoniet, plural indefinite testimonier)
* evidence, testimony

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “testimonium” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “testimonium” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin testimōnium.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

testimonium n (plural testimoniums or testimonia)
* testimony

## Latin
### Etymology

From testis (“witness”) +‎ -mōnium (“obligation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /tes.tiˈmoː.ni.um/, [t̪ɛs̠t̪ɪˈmoːniʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /tes.tiˈmo.ni.um/, [t̪est̪iˈmɔːnium]

### Noun

testimōnium n (genitive testimōniī or testimōnī); second declension
* testimony, witness
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.16:Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
* evidence, proof

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Related terms

* testātiō
* testātus
* testificātiō
* testificor
* testis
* testor

#### Descendants

* Old French: tesmoin, tesmoing
** Middle French: tesmoing
*** French: témoin
** Norman: têmoin
* → Old Northern French: testemoingne, testimonie (learned)
** → Middle English: testimony
*** English: testimony
* Friulian: testimone
* Italian: testimonio, testimone
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: testimoni
** Occitan: testimòni
* Old Galician-Portuguese: testimonio
** Galician: testemuño
** Portuguese: testemunho, testemônio
* Romanian: testimoniu
* Sardinian: distimonzu, testimóngiu, tistimognu
* Spanish: testimonio
* Venetan: testimònio
* → Proto-Brythonic: *testʉn
** Middle Breton: testeni
*** Breton: testeni
** Old Cornish: tistuni
*** Middle Cornish: dustuny
** Middle Welsh: testun
*** Welsh: testun
* → Old Irish: testimin

### References

* “testimonium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “testimonium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* testimonium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

testimonium n (definite singular testimoniet, indefinite plural testimonier, definite plural testimonia or testimoniene)
* (formal) testimony
* (formal) certificate

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

testimonium n (definite singular testimoniet, indefinite plural testimonium, definite plural testimonia)
* (formal) testimony
* (formal) certificate

## Swedish
### Noun

testimonium n
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | testimonium | testimoniums |
| singular | definite | testimoniet | testimoniets |
| plural | indefinite | testimonier | testimoniers |
| plural | definite | testimonierna | testimoniernas |

### Further reading

* testimonium in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* testimonium in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)