# زیان
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* զիյան (ziyan) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian زیان (ziyân, “damage, injury, detriment”).

### Noun

زیان • (ziyan)
* damage, injury, detriment, harm, the condition or measure of something not being intact
    Synonyms: ضرر (zarar), گزند (gezend), مضرت (mazarrat)
** 1917, Efrat-ı cedideye mahsus topçuluk dersleri‎:س – طوپ نه‌در؟ ج - اوزاقده بولنان دشمنه فضله زیان ویرمك و آنی بر آن اول محاربه‌یی تركه مجبور ایتدیرمك ایچون یاپلمش بر سلاحدر.S – Top nedir? C – Uzakda bulunan düşmana fazla ziyan vermek ve anı bir an evvel muharebeye Türk'e mecbur ettirmek için yapılmış bir silahdır.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* loss, the result of no longer possessing an object, function, or characteristic
    Synonyms: خسارت (hasaret), ضرر (zarar), غائب (gayıb)

#### Derived terms

* زیان ویرمك (ziyan virmek, “to cause injury”)
* زیان چكمك (ziyan çekmek, “to suffer loss”)
* زیانجی (ziyancı, “damager”)
* زیانسز (ziyansız, “harmless”)
* زیانكار (ziyankâr, “harmful, mischievous”)
* زیانلو (ziyanlı, “noxious, mischievous”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ziyan
* → Armenian: զիյան (ziyan)
* → Bulgarian: зян (zjan)
* → Macedonian: зијан (zijan)
* → Serbo-Croatian: zìjān / зѝја̄н

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ziyan”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5492
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ziyân”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1432
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زیان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 652
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Damnum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 320
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زیان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2495
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ziyan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زیان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1021

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zydʾn' /⁠zyān⁠/, “loss, harm, damage”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫀𐫗 (zyʾn /⁠zyān⁠/, “loss, harm, damage, destruction”), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬁 (ziiānā, “damage”), Sanskrit ज्यान (jyāna, “oppression”), as well as the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian զեան (zean), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic [script needed] (zīyanā), Classical Mandaic ࡆࡀࡉࡉࡍࡀ (zāyinā).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zi.ˈjɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zi.jɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zi.jɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zi.jɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zi.jɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zi.jɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zi.jɔ́n]

### Noun

زیان • (ziyân)
* damage, detriment, injury, loss
    Synonym: ضرر (zarar)
    Antonyms: سود (sud), فایده (fâyede)

#### Descendants

* → Pashto: زيان (zyā́n, ziyā́n)
* → Baluchi: زیان (zyan)
* → Ossetian: зиа́н (zián)
* → Azerbaijani: ziyan
* → Udi: зийан (zijan)
* → Ottoman Turkish: زیان (ziyan), զիյան (ziyan) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: ziyan
** → Armenian: զիյան (ziyan)
** → Bulgarian: зян (zjan)
** → Macedonian: зијан (zijan)
** → Serbo-Croatian: zìjān / зѝја̄н
* → Georgian: ზიანი (ziani)
* → Bashkir: зыян (zıyan)
* → Kazakh: зиян (ziän)
* → Turkmen: zyýan
* → Urdu: زیان (zyān)
* → Uzbek: ziyon
* → Russian: изъя́н (izʺján) (via Turkic)
* → Uyghur: زىيان (ziyan)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “զեան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 89
* Berneker, Erich (1908–1913) Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 440
* Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 150
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 150
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 602–603

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian زیان (ziyān).

### Noun

زِیان • (ziyān) ? (Hindi spelling ज़ियान)
* loss, damage, harm