# 팔

| 팔 | U+D314, &#54036; HANGUL SYLLABLE PAL |
| Composition: | ㅍ + ㅏ + ㄹ |
| ← 팓 [U+D313] | Hangul Syllables | 팕 → [U+D315] |
파팍팎팏판팑팒 팓팔팕팖팗팘팙 팚팛팜팝팞팟팠 팡팢팣팤팥팦팧 :
| 티 ← | → 패 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆶ (Yale: pòlh). Compare dialectal forms 파리 (pari), 포리 (pori), 폴 (pol), 폴께 (polkke), and Jeju ᄑᆞᆯ (pawl).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰa̠ɭ]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [팔]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 팔의 / 팔에 / 팔까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.

#### Noun

팔 • (pal)
* arm
** 2007, Han Kang, 채식주의자 [chaesikjuuija, The Vegetarian], 22nd edition, Paju, Republic of Korea: Changbi, published 2016, →ISBN, page 27:검은 트렌치코트 차림으로 우두망찰 서 있는 아내의 팔을 끌고 안방으로 들어갔다.Geomeun teurenchikoteu charim-euro udumangchal seo inneun anae-ui par-eul kkeulgo anbang-euro deureogatda.I grabbed the arm of my wife, who was standing dumbfounded wearing a black trench coat, and dragged her into our room.

##### Derived terms

* 팔걸이 (palgeori)
* 팔꿈치 (palkkumchi)
* 팔다리 (paldari)
* 팔뚝 (palttuk)
* 팔목 (palmok)
* 팔베개 (palbegae)
* 팔심 (palsim, “power of the arm”)
* 팔씨름 (palssireum)
* 팔짱 (paljjang, “arm in arm”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 八 (“eight”), from the Middle Korean reading 팔〮 (Yale: phál), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC peat).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰa̠ɭ]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [팔]

#### Numeral

팔 • (pal) (hanja 八)
* (Sino-Korean numeral) eight
    Synonym: 여덟 (yeodeol, native numeral)

##### Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
* 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
* 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
* 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
* 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
* 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
* 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
* 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
* 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
* 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
* 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 八 for Sino-Korean compounds of 팔 (八, pal).

### References

* ↑ Rei, Fukui (2017 March 28) 小倉進平『朝鮮語方言の研究』所載資料による言語地図とその解釈―第１集‎, 東京大学人文社会系研究科 韓国朝鮮文化研究室, pages 29-32