# σπέρμα
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *spérmn̥, which consists of Proto-Indo-European *sper- + Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥. By surface analysis, σπείρω (speírō) +‎ -μα (-ma). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀟𐀔 (pe-ma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spér.ma/ → /ˈsper.ma/ → /ˈsper.ma/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /spér.ma/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsper.ma/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsper.ma/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsper.ma/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsper.ma/

### Noun

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (genitive σπέρμᾰτος); third declension
* (botany) seed
* semen, sperm
    Synonyms: θορός (thorós), σπόρος (spóros)
* seed-time, sowing
* (figuratively) germ, origin of anything
* race, origin, descent
* (poetic) seed, offspring
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.6

#### Derived terms

* λιθόσπερμον (lithóspermon)
* λινόσπερμον (linóspermon)
* σπερμαίνω (spermaínō)
* σπερματία (spermatía)
* σπερματίας (spermatías)
* σπερματίζω (spermatízō)
* σπερματικός (spermatikós)
* σπερμάτιον (spermátion)
* σπερματισμός (spermatismós)
* σπερματῖτις (spermatîtis)
* σπερματόομαι (spermatóomai)
* σπερματοποιέω (spermatopoiéō)
* σπερματοπώλης (spermatopṓlēs)
* σπερματοῦχος (spermatoûkhos)
* σπερματοφάγος (spermatophágos)
* σπερματώδης (spermatṓdēs)
* σπερμάτωσις (spermátōsis)
* σπερμεῖον (spermeîon)
* σπερμεῖος (spermeîos)
* σπερμοβόλος (spermobólos)
* σπερμογόνος (spermogónos)
* σπερμολόγος (spermológos)
* σπερμονόμος (spermonómos)
* σπερμοτοκέω (spermotokéō)
* σπερμοφόρος (spermophóros)
* σπερμοφυέω (spermophuéō)
* σπερμοφυής (spermophuḗs)

#### Descendants

* → Coptic: ⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ (sperma)
* Greek: σπέρμα (spérma)
* Mariupol Greek: сперма (spjerma)
* → Latin: sperma
** Catalan: esperma
** Old French: sperme
*** Middle French: sperme
**** → English: sperm
**** French: sperme
** → German: Sperma
*** → Estonian: sperma

### Further reading

* “σπέρμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σπέρμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “σπέρμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* σπέρμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* σπέρμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4690 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. brood idem, page 101.child idem, page 129.crew idem, page 184.descendant idem, page 214.descent idem, page 214.element idem, page 265.family idem, page 305.germ idem, page 357.grain idem, page 369.line idem, page 492.lineage idem, page 493.offspring idem, page 571.pack idem, page 588.parentage idem, page 592.progeny idem, page 653.race idem, page 667.root idem, page 721.seed idem, page 749.son idem, page 793.spawn idem, page 798.stem idem, page 815.stock idem, page 818.tribe idem, page 894.

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “seed, semen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈspeɾ.ma/
* Hyphenation: σπέρ‧μα

### Noun

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (plural σπέρματα)
* (biology, botany) seed, the seed of plants.
* (biology, medicine) human or animal seed, semen, sperm
* (figuratively) the origin, the source, the germ, a primeval element
* (figuratively) offspring, descendants, race, issue.

#### Related terms

* άσπερμος (áspermos, “seedless”, adjective)
* σπερματοζωάριο n (spermatozoário, “spermatozoon, sperm”)

#### Further reading

* σπέρμα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* σπέρμα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language