# जीव
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीउ (jīu) and जी (jī).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d͡ʒiːʋ/

### Noun

जीव • (jīv) m
* life
    Synonym: जीवन (jīvan)
* the soul; lifeforce
    Synonyms: प्राण (prāṇ), जान (jān)
* living creature

#### Derived terms

* जीव-रसायन (jīv-rasāyan)
* जीव-विज्ञान (jīv-vijñān, “biology”)
* जीव-वैज्ञानिक (jīv-vaijñānik, “biologist”)
* जीवकोष (jīvkoṣ)
* जीवसाधन (jīvsādhan)
* जीवहत्या (jīvhatyā)
* जीवहिंसा (jīvhinsā)
* जीवाणु (jīvāṇu, “microbe”)

#### Related terms

* सजीव (sajīv)

## Konkani
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीवु (jīvu).

### Noun

जीव • (jīv) (Latin script ziv, Kannada script ಜೀವ)
* life

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Related to जीवन (jīvan, “life”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʑiʋ/, [d͡ʑiːʋ]

### Noun

जीव • (jīv) m
* life
    Synonym: प्राण (prāṇ)
    त्याचा जीव धोक्यात आहे! ― tyācā jīv dhokyāt āhe! ― His life is in danger!

#### Derived terms

* जीव देणे (jīv deṇe, “to commit suicide”)
* जीवशास्त्र (jīvśāstra, “biology”)
* जैविक (jaivik, “biological”)
* निर्जीव (nirjīv, “non-living”)
* सजीव (sajīv, “living organism”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “जीव”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* jīva (Latin script)
* 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* জীৰ (Bengali script)
* ජීව (Sinhalese script)
* ဇီဝ or ဇဳဝ or ၹီဝ (Burmese script)
* ชีว or ชีวะ (Thai script)
* ᨩᩦᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ຊີວ or ຊີວະ (Lao script)
* ជីវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄎𑄩𑅇 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

जीव
* Devanagari script form of jīva (“living”)

#### Declension
### Noun

जीव m or n
* Devanagari script form of jīva (“life”)

#### Declension

When masculine, the nominative, vocative and accusative are instead:

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জীৱ (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬷᬯ (Balinese script)
* জীব (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰱𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* ဇီဝ (Burmese script)
* જીવ (Gujarati script)
* ਜੀਵ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑍀𑌵 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦷꦮ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂲𑂫 (Kaithi script)
* ಜೀವ (Kannada script)
* ជីវ (Khmer script)
* ຊີວ (Lao script)
* ജീവ (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᡳᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘲𑘪 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠢᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑧓𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐷𑐰 (Newa script)
* ଜୀଵ (Odia script)
* ꢙꢷꢮ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆵𑆮 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖱𑖪 (Siddham script)
* ජීව (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩑𑩛𑩾 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚯𑚦 (Takri script)
* ஜீவ (Tamil script)
* జీవ (Telugu script)
* ชีว (Thai script)
* ཛཱི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒲𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨁𑨊𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰiHwás (“alive”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬬𐬀 (jva), Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /⁠jīva⁠/), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Latin vīvus, Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ), Bulgarian жив (živ), Russian жив (živ), Old English cwic (whence English quick).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑiː.ʋɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑiː.ʋɐ/

### Adjective

जीव • (jīvá) stem
* alive, living
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.78.9:दश मासाञ्छशयानः कुमारो अधि मातरि । निरैतु जीवो अक्षतो जीवो जीवन्त्या अधि ॥daśa māsāñchaśayānaḥ kumāro adhi mātari. niraitu jīvo akṣato jīvo jīvantyā adhi.The child who hath for ten months' time been lying in his mother's womb, May he come forth alive, unharmed, yea, living from the living dame.

#### Derived terms

* जीवात्मन् (jīvātman)
* जीवन्मुक्त (jīvanmukta)
* जीवन्मुक्ति (jīvanmukti)

### Noun

जीव • (jīvá) stem, m or n
* life, existence
* any living being, anything living
* the principle of life, the vital breath
* m (a name of) बृहस्पति

#### Related terms

* जीवित (jīvitá)
* जीवति (jī́vati)
* जीवन (jī́vana)

#### Descendants

* Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
** Awadhi: जिउ (jiu)
* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: زُو (zuv)
* Khasa Prakrit:
** Nepali: जीउ (jīu)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
** Assamese: জীউ (ziu)
** Bengali: জী (ji)
** Bihari:
*** Bhojpuri: जीउ (jīu), जिव (jiv)
*** Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂫 (jīu)
*** Maithili: जिउ (jiu), जिआ (jiā)
** Odia: ଜୀଉ (jiu, “spirit”), ଜୀ (ji)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
** Konkani: जीवु (jīvu)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਜੀਓ (jīo), ਜੀ (jī)
** Sindhi: जीउ (jīu)
* Pali: jīva
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
** Garhwali: ज्यु (jyu)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: जीउ (jīu) जी (jī), जिया (jiyā)
    Urdu: جی (jī)
** Kumaoni: ज्यू (jyū), ज्यो (jyo)
** Romani: dǐ (“heart, soul”), gǐ

#### Borrowed terms

* Assamese: জীৱ (ziw)
* Bengali: জীব (jib)
* Burmese: ဇီဝ (jiwa.)
* Gujarati: જીવ (jīv)
* Hindi: जीव (jīv)
* Kannada: ಜೀವ (jīva)
* Konkani: जीव (jīv)
* Malay: jiwa
* Marathi: जीव (jīv)
* Punjabi: ਜੀਵ (jīv)
* Old Javanese: jīwa
** Javanese: ꦗꦶꦮ (jiwa)
** → Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ (jiwa)
* Telugu: జీవము (jīvamu)
* Thai: ชีว- (chiiu-), ชีว (chiiu)
* Tagalog: diwa

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “जीव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 422/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 594-5
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jīvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press