# aperio
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *apwerjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, from”) (whence ab) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) +‎ *-ye-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). Related to operiō (“to cover”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aˈpe.ri.oː/, [äˈpɛrioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈpe.ri.o/, [äˈpɛːrio]

### Verb

aperiō (present infinitive aperīre, perfect active aperuī, supine apertum); fourth conjugation
* (literal) to uncover, make or lay bare, reveal, clear
    Synonym: adaperiō
    Antonyms: vēlō, dissimulō, occultō, indūcō, operiō, obnūbō, occulō, condō, recondō, verrō, obruō, adoperiō, nūbō, tegō, abdō, abscondō, cooperiō, premō, opprimō, mergō
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.681:cum serimus, caelum ventīs aperīte serēnīsWhen we are sowing, you (pl.) clear* the sky with fair winds. *(In this quotation, the imperative plural aperīte is invoking the goddesses Terra and Ceres.)
* (figurative) to make visible, discover, show, reveal, lay open
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.13.16:Astūtus omnia agit cum cōnsiliō: quī autem fatuus est aperit stultitiam.The prudent man doth all things with counsel: but he that is a fool, layeth open his folly. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
* (figurative)
** to unclose, open, break open
    Synonyms: adaperiō, patefaciō
    Antonyms: interclūdō, claudō, inclūdō, arceō, obserō, operiō
*** (figurative) to open, set up, establish, begin
** to open an entrance to, render accessible
** (transferred sense, to mental objects) to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, prove, demonstrate; (in general) to explain, recount
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Derived terms

* adaperiō
* apertibilis
* apertiō
* apertīvus
* apertō
* apertor
* apertūra
* apertus
* aprīcus
* exaperiō
* interaperiō
* subaperiō

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: abbèrrere, abèrriri, apèrrere
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: apir, apiru, apiriri
** Megleno-Romanian: apir, apiriri
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Dalmatian: aprer, apiar, apriar, aprier
** Italian: aprire
** Neapolitan: rapire
** Sicilian: ràpiri
** >? Venetan: vèrzar, averzir, avèrzer, avèrxer, vèrzer, vèrxer, vèrdher, verdar, verzar, verxar, verzxar
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: avierzi, aviergi (alternative orthography), vierzi, viergi (alternative orthography)
** Romansch: avrir, arver (Sursilvan), earver, duvrir (Sutsilvan), darveir (Surmiran), rivir, drivir (Vallader), earver, avrir (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter), arver (Sursilvan), duvrir (Sutsilvan), darveir (Surmiran), rivir, drivir (Vallader), rivir, avrir (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter), arver (Sursilvan), earver, duvrir (Sutsilvan), darveir (Surmiran), drivir (Vallader)
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: avrir, arvir
** Ligurian: arvî, aurī
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: abrir
** Old Galician-Portuguese: abrir
*** Fala: abril
*** Galician: abrir
*** Portuguese: abrir
** Spanish: abrir
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *operīre (< aperīre (present active infinitive))
** Northern Gallo-Romance:
*** Franco-Provençal: uvrir, auvrir, œvrir, uedre, urir
*** Old French: ovrir, olvrir, ouvrir, uvrir
**** Middle French: ouvrir
***** French: ouvrir
**** Norman: ouvri
** Southern Gallo-Romance:
*** Catalan: obrir, aubrir, aurir, eurir
*** Old Occitan: obrir, ubrir
**** Occitan:
    Gascon: aubrir, aurir, obrir, orbir ⇒ aubreisher
    Languedocien: obrir, ubrir
** Ibero-Romance:
*** Aragonese: ubrir, obrir
** ⇒ With prepended d-:
*** Rhaeto-Romance:
**** Romansch: duvrir, darveir, drivir
*** Gallo-Italic:
**** Emilian: dröv, dèrve
**** Ligurian: deubrî
**** Lombard: dervir, devrir, duvrir, derv, derver
**** Piedmontese: deurbe, deurve, durbì, drobì, drumbì ⇒ duerté
*** Northern Gallo-Romance:
**** Franco-Provençal: duvrir, druvir, duvertar
**** Old French:
***** Lorrain: duvrir, deivar
***** Walloon: drovi
*** Southern Gallo-Romance:
**** Catalan:
    Mallorcan: dobrir, dubrir, durbir
    Septentrional: daubrir, dubrir
**** Occitan:
    Occitan: durbir, drubir, dubrir, debrir, derbir
    Gascon: daubrir, draubir, daurir, daureisher
       Aranese: daurir
    Languedocien: durbir, dubrir, drubir, dobrir, derbir, dreber, dierber, dierbre, duerber
    Limousin: deibrir, dreibir, drubir, dubrir
    Provençal: drubir, durbir, duerber, derber, dorbir, duerbir
    Vivaro-Alpine: durbir, drubir, diuebre, durir

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “aperiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

### Further reading

* “aperio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aperio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* aperio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to open a route: viam patefacere, aperire to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire) to freely express one's opinions: sententiam suam aperire to make an obscure notion clear by means of definition: involutae rei notitiam definiendo aperire (Or. 33. 116) to explain one's sentiments: sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire to open a letter: epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere