# maith
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /mˠɑh/
* (Ulster) IPA: /mˠaiç/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish maith (compare Scottish Gaelic math and Manx mie), from Proto-Celtic *matis (compare Welsh and Breton mad, Cornish mas).

#### Adjective

maith (genitive singular masculine maith, genitive singular feminine maithe, plural maithe, comparative fearr)
* good

##### Usage notes

* Takes the adverbial construction go maith when used predicatively after a form of bí:
   * Tá an anraith seo go maith. ― This soup is good.

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Derived terms

* chomh maith
* fíormhaith
* go maith as
* go raibh maith agat, agaibh
* is maith an t-anlann an t-ocras
* is maith le
* lá breithe maith agat
* maidin mhaith
* maith go leor
* maith thú

#### Noun

maith f (genitive singular maithe, nominative plural maithe)
* good, goodness

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
maith
maithe
vocative
a mhaith
a mhaithe
genitive
maithe
maithe
dative
maith
maithe
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an mhaith
na maithe
genitive
na maithe
na maithe
dative
leis an maith don mhaith
leis na maithe :

##### Synonyms

* maitheas

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish maithid, from the adjective.

#### Verb

maith (present analytic maitheann, future analytic maithfidh, verbal noun maitheamh, past participle maite)
* to forgive, pardon

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | maithim | maitheann tú; maithir$^†$ | maitheann sé, sí | maithimid | maitheann sibh | maitheann siad; maithid$^†$ | a mhaitheann; a mhaitheas / a maitheann* | maitear |
| indicative | past | mhaith mé; mhaitheas | mhaith tú; mhaithis | mhaith sé, sí | mhaitheamar; mhaith muid | mhaith sibh; mhaitheabhair | mhaith siad; mhaitheadar | a mhaith / ar mhaith* | maitheadh |
| indicative | past habitual | mhaithinn / maithinn‡‡ | mhaiteá / maiteá‡‡ | mhaitheadh sé, sí / maitheadh sé, sí‡‡ | mhaithimis; mhaitheadh muid / maithimis‡‡; maitheadh muid‡‡ | mhaitheadh sibh / maitheadh sibh‡‡ | mhaithidís; mhaitheadh siad / maithidís‡‡; maitheadh siad‡‡ | a mhaitheadh / a maitheadh* | mhaití / maití‡‡ |
| future | future | maithfidh mé; maithfead | maithfidh tú; maithfir$^†$ | maithfidh sé, sí | maithfimid; maithfidh muid | maithfidh sibh | maithfidh siad; maithfid$^†$ | a mhaithfidh; a mhaithfeas / a maithfidh* | maithfear |
| conditional | conditional | mhaithfinn / maithfinn‡‡ | mhaithfeá / maithfeá‡‡ | mhaithfeadh sé, sí / maithfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | mhaithfimis; mhaithfeadh muid / maithfimis‡‡; maithfeadh muid‡‡ | mhaithfeadh sibh / maithfeadh sibh‡‡ | mhaithfidís; mhaithfeadh siad / maithfidís‡‡; maithfeadh siad‡‡ | a mhaithfeadh / a maithfeadh* | mhaithfí / maithfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go maithe mé; go maithead$^†$ | go maithe tú; go maithir$^†$ | go maithe sé, sí | go maithimid; go maithe muid | go maithe sibh | go maithe siad; go maithid$^†$ | — | go maitear |
| subjunctive | past | dá maithinn | dá maiteá | dá maitheadh sé, sí | dá maithimis; dá maitheadh muid | dá maitheadh sibh | dá maithidís; dá maitheadh siad | — | dá maití |
| imperative | imperative | maithim | maith | maitheadh sé, sí | maithimis | maithigí; maithidh$^†$ | maithidís | — | maitear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh | maitheamh |
| past participle | past participle | maite | maite | maite | maite | maite | maite | maite | maite |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 90, page 50
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 290, page 103
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “maith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [maθʲ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *matis, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂tis (“ripe, good”), from *meh₂- (“to ripen, to mature”). Cognate with Welsh mad and Gaulish mat.

#### Alternative forms

* maid

#### Adjective

maith (comparative ferr, superlative dech)
* good
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15$^c$23
    Hóre is cuci rigmi, is ferr dún placere illi.Since it is to him we will go, it is better for us to please him.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16$^b$9
    Ní indráigne dúib cinin·fil lib, ar idib maithi cene.It is no detriment to you pl, though we are not with you, for you are good already.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 33$^a$15
    Fomnid-si, a phopul núíednissi, ar ce dud·rónath ní di maith fri maccu Israhél…Take heed, O people of the New Testament, for although some good has been done to the children of Israel…
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51$^b$10
    In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

##### Declension

i-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | maith | maith | maith |
| Vocative | maith | maith | maith |
| Accusative | maith | maith | maith |
| Genitive | maith | maithe | maith |
| Dative | maith | maith | maith |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | maithi | maithi | maithi |
| Vocative | maithi | maithi | maithi |
| Accusative | maithi | maithi | maithi |
| Genitive | maith* maithe | maith* maithe | maith* maithe |
| Dative | maithib | maithib | maithib |
| Notes | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized |

##### Derived terms

* mad (adverb)

##### Descendants

* Irish: maith
* Manx: mie
* Scottish Gaelic: math

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “maith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

·maith
* third-person singular present indicative conjunct of maidid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Verb

maith (past mhaith, future maithidh, verbal noun mathadh, past participle maithte)
* Alternative form of math

### Noun

maith m
* genitive singular of math

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mai̯θ/
* Rhymes: -ai̯θ

### Adjective

maith (feminine singular maith, plural meithion, equative maithed, comparative maithach, superlative maithaf)
* long, far, large, extensive, numerous
* long-lasting, tedious, tiresome
    Synonyms: hir, hirfaith
* great (of quality)
* sad, bitter
* wise, clever, cunning, sly

#### Derived terms

* amser maith yn ôl (“a long time ago”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “maith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies