# अर्ध
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्ध (ardhá).
Doublet of आधा (ādhā), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əɾd̪ʱ/, [ɐɾd̪ʱ]

### Adjective

अर्ध • (ardh) (indeclinable)
* (literary, formal, in compounds) half
    Synonym: आधा (ādhā)

#### Alternative forms

* अर्द्ध (arddh)

#### Derived terms

* अर्धायु (ardhāyu)

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्ध (ardhá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʌrd̪ʱʌ̤]
* Phonetic Devanagari: अर्ध

### Adjective

अर्ध • (ardha)
* half
* mad; insane

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অৰ্ধ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬃᬥ (Balinese script)
* অর্ধ (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰨𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* အရ်္ဓ (Burmese script)
* અર્ધ (Gujarati script)
* ਅਰ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌰𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦂꦣ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂩𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
* ಅರ್ಧ (Kannada script)
* អធ៌ (Khmer script)
* ອຣ຺ຘ (Lao script)
* അര്ധ (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᡵᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
* ᠠᠷᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧈𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
* ଅର୍ଧ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢬ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆫𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖨𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
* අර්‍ධ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩼 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚤𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
* அர்த⁴ (Tamil script)
* అర్ధ (Telugu script)
* อรฺธ (Thai script)
* ཨ་རྡྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒩𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨫𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárdʰas. Cognate with ऋधक् (ṛdhak, “separately”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ar$^ə$δa), Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ́ɾ.d̪ʱɐ/, /ɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ/

### Adjective

अर्ध • (ardhá) stem
* half, halved, forming a half

#### Declension
### Noun

अर्ध • (ardhá) stem, n
* the half (also m)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.30.1:भूय इद्वावृधे वीर्यायँ एको अजुर्यो दयते वसूनि । प्र रिरिचे दिव इन्द्रः पृथिव्या अर्धमिदस्य प्रति रोदसी उभे ॥bhūya idvāvṛdhe vīryāyam̐ eko ajuryo dayate vasūni. pra ririce diva indraḥ pṛthivyā ardhamidasya prati rodasī ubhe.INDRA hath waxed yet more for hero prowess, alone, Eternal, he bestoweth treasures. Indra transcendeth both the worlds in greatness: one half of him equalleth earth and heaven.
* one part of two
* a part, party
* (in the locative) in the middle

#### Declension
### Noun

अर्ध • (árdha) stem, n (Vedic)
* side, part
* place, region, country

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: اَڈ (aḍ), اۆڈُ (oḍu)
** Phalura: آڈ (ā́ḍu)
** Torwali: ار (ar)
* Pali: addha
* Prakrit: 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥 (addha), 𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀠 (aḍḍha)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥 (addha)
**** Awadhi: आधा (ādhā)
**** Old Gujarati: अरधउं (aradhaüṃ)
***** Gujarati: અર્ધું (ardhũ), અડધું (aḍadhũ)
***** Marwari: अरधौ (ardhau)
**** Hindustani: ādhā
***** Hindi: आधा
***** Urdu: آدھا
**** → Telugu: అడ్డ (aḍḍa)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: আধা (adha), আধ (adh)
**** Bengali: আধা (adha), আধ (adh)
**** Bihari: आधा (ādhā)
***** Bhojpuri: आधा (ādhā)
***** Maithili: आध (ādh)
**** Odia: ଅଧ (adha), ଅଧା (adhā), ଆଡ଼ (āṛa)
**** Sylheti: ꠀꠗꠣ (àdá)
** Northern:
*** Central Pahari:
**** Kumaoni: आद् (ād), आधो (ādho)
*** Eastern Pahari:
**** Nepali: आधा (ādhā), अध (adh)
*** Western Pahari:
**** Bhadrawahi: अद्धू (addhū), अद्दो (addo), अद्धा (addhā)
** Northwestern:
*** Punjabi: addha
**** Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਧ
**** Shahmukhi script: اَدّھَ
*** Sindhi: adhu
**** Arabic script: اَڌُ
**** Devanagari script: अधु
** Southern:
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: ādo
    Devanagari script: आदो
    Latin script: ado
    Kannada script: ಆದೊ
**** Marathi: अर्धे (ardhe)
*** Sinhalese: අඩ (aḍa)
Borrowed terms
* → Telugu: అర్ధము (ardhamu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “अर्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0091/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 119
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ardha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press