# 剛

| 剛 | U+525B, &#21083; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525B |
| ← 剚 [U+525A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剜 → [U+525C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

剛 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月山中弓 (BULN), four-corner 7220$_0$, composition ⿰岡刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𭡺, 𬌧, 𫅙, 𮢪, 𡬼, 𪮚, 𠠊

#### Related characters

* 刚 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2042
* Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 344, character 10
* Unihan data for U+525B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 岡 | *klaːŋ |
| 崗 | *klaːŋ |
| 剛 | *klaːŋ |
| 掆 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 鋼 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 綱 | *klaːŋ |
| 犅 | *klaːŋ |
| 堈 | *klaːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːŋ): phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

### Etymology 1

Along with 鋼 (OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs, “steel”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gāng (gang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gong$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$
*** Yale: gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
*** Tâi-lô: kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
*** Tâi-lô: kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kaon
*** MiniDict: kaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kan³³/
* Middle Chinese: kang
Rime :
| Character | 剛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古郎切 |
| Baxter | kang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 剛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kang › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁaŋ/ |
| English | strong; hard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3713 |
| Phonetic component | 岡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 岡 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

剛
* firm; hard; stiff
* strong
       Tā de xìnggé shì gāng yǔ róu de jiéhé. [Pinyin]
       His character is a combination of strength and kindness.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 丈二金剛 / 丈二金刚
* 以柔克剛 / 以柔克刚
* 以柔制剛 / 以柔制刚
* 內柔外剛 / 内柔外刚 (nèiróuwàigāng)
* 剛健 / 刚健 (gāngjiàn)
* 剛克 / 刚克
* 剛切 / 刚切
* 剛勁 / 刚劲 (gāngjìng)
* 剛勇 / 刚勇
* 剛卯 / 刚卯 (gāngmǎo)
* 剛口 / 刚口
* 剛度 / 刚度
* 剛強 / 刚强 (gāngqiáng)
* 剛性 / 刚性 (gāngxìng)
* 剛性憲法 / 刚性宪法
* 剛性路面 / 刚性路面
* 剛愎 / 刚愎 (gāngbì)
* 剛愎不仁 / 刚愎不仁
* 剛愎性成 / 刚愎性成
* 剛愎自用 / 刚愎自用 (gāngbìzìyòng)
* 剛戾 / 刚戾
* 剛戾自用 / 刚戾自用
* 剛日 / 刚日
* 剛果 / 刚果 (Gāngguǒ)
* 剛板硬正 / 刚板硬正
* 剛果紅 / 刚果红 (gāngguǒhóng)
* 剛柔 / 刚柔 (gāngróu)
* 剛架 / 刚架
* 剛柔並濟 / 刚柔并济
* 剛柔相濟 / 刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
* 剛棱 / 刚棱
* 剛正 / 刚正 (gāngzhèng)
* 剛正不阿 / 刚正不阿 (gāngzhèngbù'ē)
* 剛毅 / 刚毅 (gāngyì)
* 剛毅木訥 / 刚毅木讷
* 剛毅果決 / 刚毅果决
* 剛毛 / 刚毛 (gāngmáo)
* 剛毫筆 / 刚毫笔
* 剛氣 / 刚气
* 剛烈 / 刚烈 (gāngliè)
* 剛玉 / 刚玉 (gāngyù)
* 剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
* 剛石 / 刚石
* 剛砂 / 刚砂
* 剛硬 / 刚硬
* 剛而自矜 / 刚而自矜
* 剛腸 / 刚肠
* 剛行剛驀 / 刚行刚蓦
* 剛褊自用 / 刚褊自用
* 剛道 / 刚道
* 剛韌 / 刚韧
* 剛風 / 刚风
* 剛體 / 刚体 (gāngtǐ)
* 吐剛茹柔 / 吐刚茹柔
* 吳剛 / 吴刚
* 吳剛伐桂 / 吴刚伐桂
* 四大金剛 / 四大金刚
* 外剛內柔 / 外刚内柔
* 外柔內剛 / 外柔内刚
* 大剛來 / 大刚来
* 大剛喒 / 大刚咱
* 好剛口 / 好刚口
* 密跡金剛 / 密迹金刚
* 待剛來 / 待刚来
* 摧剛為柔 / 摧刚为柔
* 柔能克剛 / 柔能克刚
* 柔能制剛 / 柔能制刚
* 柔茹剛吐 / 柔茹刚吐
* 氣血方剛 / 气血方刚
* 沒剛性 / 没刚性
* 沉漸剛克 / 沉渐刚克
* 沉潛剛克 / 沉潜刚克
* 洪剛 / 洪刚
* 無欲則剛 / 无欲则刚
* 百鍊剛 / 百炼刚
* 立地金剛 / 立地金刚
* 茹柔吐剛 / 茹柔吐刚
* 血氣方剛 / 血气方刚 (xuèqìfānggāng)
* 變形金剛 / 变形金刚 (biànxíng jīngāng)
* 金剛 / 金刚 (jīngāng)
* 金剛努目 / 金刚努目
* 金剛怒目 / 金刚怒目
* 金剛智 / 金刚智
* 金剛猩猩 / 金刚猩猩
* 金剛界 / 金刚界
* 金剛石 / 金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
* 金剛砂 / 金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
* 金剛經 / 金刚经
* 金剛鑽 / 金刚钻 (jīngāngzuàn)
* 金剛鑽婚 / 金刚钻婚
* 金剛頂經 / 金刚顶经
* 陽剛 / 阳刚 (yánggāng)
* 騂剛 / 骍刚

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gāng, jiāng (gang$^1$, jiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄐㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gong$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiong$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): gong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jion$^1$ / gon$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kaon; $^1$cian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jian$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$
*** Yale: gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jion$^1$ / gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹/, /kɒ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
*** Tâi-lô: kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
*** Tâi-lô: kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kaon; $^1$cian
*** MiniDict: kaon$^平$; cian$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kaan; $^1$jian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵³/, /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯æn³³/

#### Definitions

剛
* just; exactly
    剛好／刚好 ― gānghǎo ― just, exactly
* only a short while ago; just
    剛才／刚才 ― gāngcái ― just now; a moment ago
    剛剛／刚刚 ― gānggāng ― just now; only
    他剛回來。／他刚回来。 ― Tā gāng huílái. ― He has just came back.
* barely; just
       Yī ge yuè 1000 yuán de gōngzī, gāng gòu tā chīfàn. [Pinyin]
       He earns 1000 yuan a month, barely enough for food.
* as soon as; only at this moment
       tā gāng zuòwán gōngzuò, líng jiù xiǎng le [Pinyin]
       The moment he finished his work, the bell rang.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 剛才, 方才, 適才, 剛剛, 剛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 剛才, 才剛, 將才 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 剛才, 剛剛, 剛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 才剛兒, 頭先, 頭前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 剛才 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 剛才, 剛剛, 剛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 剛才, 剛剛的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 剛打剛兒, 剛剛兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 才剛, 才剛剛兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 剛剛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 剛才 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 才才 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 才剛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 剛才, 才剛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 剛頭兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 才剛, 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 先頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 才剛, 剛才, 才一路, 才路, 一路 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頭先, 啱先 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛, 剛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 剛才 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話, 疇先 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 正就 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 頭先, 啱啱, 啱先, 正話 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 啱啱 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 啱啱 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 剛啱, 舊家 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 舊先 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 啱啱 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 啱青 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 頭先, 正話 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 啱啱 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蚊蚊, 啱先, 啱啱 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 頭先 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 頭先, 啱先 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 啱先 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 啱啱, 正話 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 頭先, 啱啱 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 剛腳, 一腳 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 剛腳 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 頭先, 啱先, 啱啱 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 先頭, 頭先 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 正先 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 正先 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 早先 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 頭先 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 正先 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 啱啱 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 早回 |
| Hakka | Changting | 頭先 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 頭間 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 正 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 當頭 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 正 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 剛正哩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭先, 頭下 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頭先 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 啱 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 啱先 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 正先 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 剛才, 剛剛, 剛之 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 剛才, 剛剛 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 頃先, 頃, 頃頃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 頭先, 頭先早, 連眼, 連刻, 矢文 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 拄 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 頭站仔, 拄 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭先, 頭先仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 前拄仔, 盡拄仔, 拄 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 拄才 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 拄才 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 拄才 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 拄拄仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 拄仔才 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 頭陣仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 頭拄仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 拄仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 拄才 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 麻汝, 耽仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 麻汝, 頭先, 頭早 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 站仔, 頭站仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 頭陣, 同早, 同旰 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 剛才 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 同早, 同旰, 頭先, 同陣, 頭陣, 自早 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 同旰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 麻汝, 頭先, 同早 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 當奉囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 頭先, 開頭, 啱啱, 啱先 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 啱先, 頭先, 幾早, 頭幾早 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 剛剛, 剛, 剛正, 開開 dated, 客客 dated, 方才 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 剛剛, 剛剛頭, 剛巧 |
| Wu | Danyang | 剛才, 剛剛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 剛剛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 剛剛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頭前, 頭先, 頭兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 剛才, 才剛, 嚴剛 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 剛剛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 當好, 才當 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 剛才 |

#### Compounds

* 剛剛 / 刚刚 (gānggāng)
* 剛好 / 刚好 (gānghǎo)
* 剛子 / 刚子
* 剛巧 / 刚巧 (gāngqiǎo)
* 剛才 / 刚才 (gāngcái)
* 才剛 / 才刚 (cáigāng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* sturdy

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)
* Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 剛い)、こわい (kowai)

### Proper noun

剛(たけし) • (Takeshi)
* a male given name

### Proper noun

剛(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
* a male given name

### Proper noun

剛(ごう) • (Gō)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

剛 (eum 강 (gang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

剛: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cang
* hard, strong, firm

#### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).