# 材料
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cáiliào
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coi$^4$ liu$^{6-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhòi-liau
    (Hailu, HRS): coi liau$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): coi$^2$ liau$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cài-lâiu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zai$^2$ lieo$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): châi-liāu / chhái-liāu / chhâi-liāu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cai$^5$ liao$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cáiliào
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cáiliào
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^2$-liao$^4$
*** Yale: tsái-lyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsairliaw
*** Palladius: цайляо (cajljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cáiliàor
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄠˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cáiliàor
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^2$-liao$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tsái-lyàur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsairliawl
*** Palladius: цайляор (cajljaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ li̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coi$^4$ liu$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: chòih líu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi$^4$ liu$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: coi$^4$ liu$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ liːu̯²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòi-liau
*** Hakka Romanization System: coi$^ˇ$ liau
*** Hagfa Pinyim: coi$^2$ liau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi̯¹¹ li̯au̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: coi liau$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi⁵⁵ liau³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: coi$^2$ liau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ¹¹ liau⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cài-lâiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɑu²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zai$^2$ lieo$^5$ [Phonetic: zai$^4$ lieo$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai¹³⁻⁴² lieu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-liāu
*** Tâi-lô: tsâi-liāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zailiau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³⁻³³ liau³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² liau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³⁻²² liau²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² liau²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ liau³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhái-liāu
*** Tâi-lô: tshái-liāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhayliau
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liau³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liau³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi-liāu
*** Tâi-lô: tshâi-liāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhailiau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³⁻³³ liau³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴⁻¹¹ liau³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cai$^5$ liao$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi liāu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liau¹¹/

### Noun

材料
* material; stuff; ingredient
    材料加工工程 ― cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng ― material processing engineering
    植物材料 ― zhíwù cáiliào ― plant material
* data
* reference material; document; documentation; information; source
    促銷材料／促销材料 ― cùxiāo cáiliào ― promotional material
    需提供材料 ― xū tígōng cáiliào ― supporting documentation
    一手材料 ― yīshǒu cáiliào ― firsthand information; primary source
       Zhè xiē cáiliào yǒu shuǐfèn, bù zhēnshí. [Pinyin]
       These sources are not genuine as they contain exaggerations.
* (figurative) makings; material (person of a specified quality)

#### Synonyms

* (makings):
* 人才 (réncái)
* 俊才 (jùncái)
* 天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
* 有天才的人 (yǒu tiāncái de rén)
* 棟樑 / 栋梁 (dòngliáng) (figurative)
* 菁英 / 精英 (jīngyīng) (elite)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “makings”):
* 庸才 (yōngcái)

#### Derived terms

* 包裝材料 / 包装材料 (bāozhuāng cáiliào)
* 原材料 (yuáncáiliào)
* 吸聲材料 / 吸声材料
* 奈米材料 (nàimǐ cáiliào)
* 建材 (jiàncái)
* 建築材料 / 建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
* 納米材料 / 纳米材料 (nàmǐ cáiliào)
* 耐火材料
* 複合材料 / 复合材料 (fùhé cáiliào)
* 超材料 (chāocáiliào)
* 黑材料 (hēicáiliào)

#### See also

* 布料 (bùliào)
* 物料 (wùliào)
* 原料 (yuánliào)
* 資料／资料 (zīliào)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 材 | 料 |
| ざい Grade: 4 | りょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 材料 (dzoj lew$^H$, literally “materials + ingredients”). Compare modern Mandarin reading cáiliào.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざいりょー [zàíryóꜜò] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡za̠iɾʲo̞ː]

### Noun

材(ざい)料(りょう) • (zairyō)
* a concrete material:
** ingredients for food
** materials for building something, such as furniture
* abstract material:
** data
** a subject to write about
** news
** a factor influencing markets

#### Synonyms

* (raw material): 原料(げんりょう) (genryō)
* (subject, topic): 素材(そざい) (sozai)

#### Derived terms

* 材料学(ざいりょうがく) (zairyō gaku): material science
* 材料株(ざいりょうかぶ) (zairyō kabu): an incentive-backed stock
* 材料強弱学(ざいりょうきょうじゃくがく) (zairyō kyōjakugaku): material dynamics
* 材料力学(ざいりょうりきがく) (zairyō rikigaku): material dynamics
* 材料試験(ざいりょうしけん) (zairyō shiken): materials testing
* 材料試験機(ざいりょうしけんき) (zairyō shikenki): a materials tester, a material testing machine
* 材料費(ざいりょうひ) (zairyō hi): the cost of materials

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 材 | 料 |

### Noun

材料 • (jaeryo) (hangeul 재료)
* hanja form of 재료 (“material; ingredient”)

### References
## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 材 | 料 |

### Noun

材料
* chữ Hán form of tài liệu (“document”).