# з-
## Abkhaz
### Alternative forms

* с- (s-)
* cы- (cə-)

### Prefix

з- • (z-)
* (1st person singular pronoun) I.

#### Usage notes

Used in some transitive verbs for 1st-person singular as the subject, instead of с- (s-).
    усбоит → узбоит ― uzbojtʼ ― I see you
    исгоит → изгоит ― izgojtʼ ― I take it
    иузысгеит → иузызгеит ― iwzəzgejtʼ ― I took it for you
    исдыруеит → издыруеит ― izdərwejtʼ ― I know it

#### See also
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [z]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic з-, с- (z-, s-), from Old East Slavic з-, съ- (z-, sŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-. Doublet of со- (so-) from Old Church Slavonic съ- (sŭ-), as well as doublet of ко-, ком-, кон-, сим- and син- (ko-, kom-, kon-, sym- and syn-).

#### Alternative forms

* с- (s-) — before voiceless consonants
* зі- (zi-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"
* зо- (zo-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"

#### Prefix

з- • (z-)
* (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) → ‎з'ї́сти pf (zʺjísty)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) → ‎зроби́ти pf (zrobýty)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎розумі́ти impf (rozumíty, “to understand”) → ‎зрозумі́ти pf (zrozumíty)
* (used with verbs) together (indicates bringing together literally or abstractly)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎в'яза́ти impf (vʺjazáty, “to bind, to tie”) → ‎зв'яза́ти pf (zvʺjazáty, “to bind/tie together, to connect, to link”)
    ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎бра́ти impf (bráty, “to take”) → ‎зібра́ти pf (zibráty, “to collect, to gather, to assemble”)
    ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎ста́вити impf (stávyty, “to put”) → ‎зіста́вити pf (zistávyty, “to put together, to compare”)
* (used with verbs) down (indicates downward movement)
    ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎йти́ impf (jtý, “to go”) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go down, to descend”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎нести́ impf (nestý, “to carry, to bring”) → ‎знести́ pf (znestý, “to carry down, to bring down, to demolish”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎би́ти impf (býty, “to hit, to strike”) → ‎зби́ти pf (zbýty, “to knock down, to shoot down, to down”)
* (used with verbs) off, off from (indicates removal or extraction from somewhere)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎-ня́ти impf (-njáty, “to take”) → ‎зня́ти pf (znjáty, “to take off”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎де́рти impf (dérty, “to tear”) → ‎зде́рти pf (zdérty, “to tear off”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to copy, to plagiarize”)
* (used to form adverbs from adjectives)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎гаря́чий (harjáčyj, “hot, hot-tempered”) → ‎зга́рячу (zhárjaču, “in the heat of the moment”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎прости́й (prostýj, “simple, straightforward, sincere”) → ‎спро́ста́ (spróstá, “for no reason, naively, easily”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎по́вний (póvnyj, “full”) → ‎спо́вна́ (spóvná, “fully”)
* (used to form prefixes)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎не (ne) → ‎зне- (zne-, “dis-, de-”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎пів (piv, “half”) → ‎спів- (spiv-, “co-”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Ruthenian з-, уз-, вз- (z-, uz-, vz-), from Old East Slavic въз-, въс- (vŭz-, vŭs-), from Proto-Slavic *vъz-. Doublet of воз- (voz-) from Old Church Slavonic въз- (vŭz-).

#### Alternative forms

* зі- (zi-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"
* с- (s-) — before voiceless consonants
* вз- (vz-)
* вс- (vs-)

#### Prefix

з- • (z-)
* (used with verbs) up (indicates upward movement)
    ‎зі- (zi-) + ‎йти impf (jty, “to go”) → ‎зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go up, to ascend”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎вести́ impf (vestý, “to lead, to take”) → ‎звести́ pf (zvestý, “to lift, to erect, to cock (a trigger)”)
    ‎вс- (vs-) + ‎ста́ти pf (státy, “to stand”) → ‎вста́ти pf (vstáty, “to stand up, to rise, to wake up”)
* (used with verbs) indicates suddenness or abruptness
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎ду́мати impf (dúmaty, “to think”) → ‎зду́мати pf (zdúmaty, “to take it into one's head, to suddenly decide to do sth.”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎кри́кнути pf (krýknuty, “to shout out, to cry out”) → ‎скри́кнути pf (skrýknuty, “to shout out suddenly and abruptly”)
* (used with verbs) re-, back
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎помина́ти impf (pomynáty, “to commemorate, to mention”) → ‎спомина́ти impf (spomynáty, “to recall”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎пам'ята́ти impf (pamʺjatáty, “to remember”) → ‎спам'ята́ти pf (spamʺjatáty, “to recall”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎верну́ти impf (vernúty, “to turn”) → ‎(rare) зверну́ти pf (zvernúty, “to turn back”)
* (used to form nouns) next to, by, along
    ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎ліс (lis, “forest”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узлі́сся (uzlíssja, “forest edge, woodland edge”)
    ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎бе́рег (béreh, “bank, shore”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узбере́жжя (uzberéžžja, “coastline, seashore, littoral”)
    ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎голова́ (holová, “head”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎узголо́в'я (uzholóvʺja, “bedhead, head of the bed”)
* (used to form adverbs/prepositions) along
    ‎уз- (uz-) + ‎до́вгий (dóvhyj, “long”) → ‎уздо́вж (uzdóvž, “lengthwise, lengthways, along”)
    ‎на- (na-) + ‎вс- (vs-) + ‎пак (pak, “back”) → ‎(dialectal) навспа́к (navspák, “back, backward, backwards”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Ruthenian з-, с-, из- (z-, s-, iz-), from Old East Slavic из-, ис- (iz-, is-), from Proto-Slavic *jьz-. Doublet of екс- (eks-).

#### Alternative forms

* с- (s-) — before voiceless consonants
* із- (iz-)
* іс- (is-)

#### Prefix

з- • (z-)
* (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎міни́ти impf (minýty, “to change, to alter”) → ‎зміни́ти pf (zminýty)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎ціли́ти impf (cilýty, “to heal, to cure”) → ‎зціли́ти pf (zcilýty)
    ‎із- (iz-) + ‎ганьби́ти impf (hanʹbýty, “to disgrace, to decry”) → ‎ізганьби́ти pf (izhanʹbýty)
* (used with verbs) out (indicates intensity, extensiveness or exhaustion)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎cуши́ти impf (cušýty, “to dry”) → ‎зсуши́ти pf (zsušýty, “to dry out, to desiccate, to exhaust”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to write all over, to cover with writing”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎носи́ти impf (nosýty, “to wear”) → ‎зноси́ти pf (znosýty, “to wear out”)
* (used with verbs) ex-, out (indicates elimination)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎води́ти impf (vodýty, “to lead, to take”) → ‎зво́дити impf (zvódyty, “to exterminate, to excruciate, to waste (time)”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎жи́ти impf (žýty, “to live”) → ‎зжи́ти pf (zžýty, “to get rid of, to eradicate”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎(obsolete) ба́вити impf (bávyty, “to add”) → ‎зба́вити pf (zbávyty, “to rid of, to save from”)
* ex-, out (indicates outward movement)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎ри́нути impf or pf (rýnuty, “to rush”) → ‎зри́нути impf (zrýnuty, “to emerge”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎ходи́ти impf (xodýty, “to walk”) → ‎(dialectal) зхо́дити impf (zxódyty, “to leave”)
* (used to form adverbs) from
    ‎із- (iz-) + ‎нови́й (novýj, “new”) → ‎ізно́ву (iznóvu, “again, from the beginning”)
* (used to form prepositions) from
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎за (za, “behind”) → ‎з-за (z-za, “from behind, because of, due to”)
    ‎з- (z-) + ‎під (pid, “under”) → ‎з-під (z-pid, “from under”)