# دون
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Developed from the root د ن و (d n w) denoting being lower, to come close or near before something, at their feet; cognate with Aramaic דני (“to prostrate, to lower oneself to or before a higher authority, to humble”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duːn/

#### Adjective

دُون • (dūn)
* low, base, inferior

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: دون (dun)
** Turkish: dun

#### Adverb

دُونُ • (dūnu)
* below
    Antonym: فَوْقُ (fawqu)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duː.na/

#### Preposition

دُونَ • (dūna)
* below
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 65:78:«فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ!» – فَوَضَعَ مِدْرَاسُهَا الَّذِي يُدَرِّسُهَا مِنْهُمْ كَفَّهُ عَلَى آيَةِ الرَّجْمِ، فَطَفِقَ يَقْرَأُ مَا دُونَ يَدِهِ وَمَا وَرَاءَهَا، وَلَا يَقْرَأُ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ.“faʔtū bi-t-tawrāti fātlūhā ʔin kuntum ṣādiqīna!” – fawaḍaʕa midrāsuhā llaḏī yudarrisuhā minhum kaffahu ʕalā ʔāyati r-rajmi, faṭafiqa yaqraʔu mā dūna yadihi wamā warāʔahā, walā yaqraʔu ʔāyata r-rajmi.“Bring the Torah here and recite it if ye art truthful!” – and the teacher teaching it put the palm of his hand over the stoning verse and commenced to read what was [written] below and what [from his point of view] behind his hand, not reading the stoning verse.
* less than
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.
* other than
** (Can we date this quote?), Jarir, (Please provide the book title or journal name):وَنَحْسُدُ أنْ نَزُورَكُمُ وَنَرْضَى / بِدُونِ الْبَذْلِ لَوْ عَلِمَ الْحَسُودُ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* behind
* without
    Synonyms: بِلَا (bilā), بِدُونِ (bidūni), مِنْ دُونِ (min dūni), مِنْ غَيْرِ (min ḡayri), بِغَيْرِ (biḡayri)

##### Inflection

Inflected forms :
| Base form | Base form | Base form | Base form | Base form | دُونَ (dūna) |
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Singular | Singular | Dual | Plural | Plural |
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine |
| First person | دُونِي (dūnī) | دُونِي (dūnī) | دُونَنَا (dūnanā) | دُونَنَا (dūnanā) | دُونَنَا (dūnanā) |
| Second person | دُونَكَ (dūnaka) | دُونَكِ (dūnaki) | دُونَكُمَا (dūnakumā) | دُونَكُمْ (dūnakum) | دُونَكُنَّ (dūnakunna) |
| Third person | دُونَهُ (dūnahu) | دُونَهَا (dūnahā) | دُونَهُمَا (dūnahumā) | دُونَهُمْ (dūnahum) | دُونَهُنَّ (dūnahunna) |

##### Derived terms

* بِدُونِ (bidūni)
* دُونَمَا (dūnamā)
* مِنْ دُونِ (min dūni)
* دُونَكَ (dūnaka)

##### Further reading

* Al-Shamsan, Abo Aws (2016) أحكام ‹دون› ودلالاتها السياقية‎

### Etymology 3

Denominal verb of دِيوَان (dīwān, “register”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daw.wa.na/

#### Verb

دَوَّنَ • (dawwana) II (non-past يُدَوِّنُ (yudawwinu), verbal noun تَدْوِين (tadwīn))
* to record, to write down

##### Conjugation
## Khowar
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit दन् (dán), nominative singular of दत् (dat, “tooth”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔn/

#### Noun

دون (don)
* a tooth

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit दधन् (dadhán, “coagulated milk”).

#### Alternative forms

* دوؤن

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔ̌ːn/

#### Noun

دون (doón)
* ghee; clarified butter

### References

* Elena Bashir, Maula Nigah, Rahmat Karim Baig (2022) “دون”, in A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio‎, second edition, Chicago, I.L.: South Asia Language and Area Center, University of Chicago, archived from the original on 2023-01-19.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tǖn.

### Noun

دون • (dün)
* yesterday
* the past
* night

#### Derived terms

* دون و کون (dün ü gün, “day and night”)

#### Related terms

* دونكی (dünkü)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: dün

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 592
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dün”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Ushojo
### Verb

دون (dōn)
* to give