# 紅花
## Chinese

* 紅花 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Safflower (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hónghuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^4$ faa$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): âng-hoe / âng-hoa
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ghon-ho$_1$ / $^2$ghon-ho$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hónghuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hónghua
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: húng-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hornghua
*** Palladius: хунхуа (xunxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: hùhng fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^4$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: âng-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: anghoef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: âng-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: anghoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghon-ho$_1$
*** MiniDict: ghon$^去$ ho$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhon-ho$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²² ho⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ghon-ho$_1$
*** MiniDict: ghon$^平$ ho$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦoŋ²² ho³³/

### Noun

紅花
* red flower (in general)
* (specifically) safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
* (specifically) ornamental red rosette or pompon flower worn on the chest on celebratory occasions

#### Derived terms

* 番紅花 / 番红花 (fānhónghuā)
* 紅花人 / 红花人
* 紅花坪 / 红花坪 (Hónghuāpíng)
* 紅花綠葉 / 红花绿叶
* 藏紅花 / 藏红花 (zànghónghuā)

### Proper noun

紅花
* (～村) Honghua (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 紅 | 花 |
| べに Grade: 6 | はな > ばな Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) べにばな [bèníbáná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [be̞ɲ̟iba̠na̠]

#### Noun

紅(べに)花(ばな) or 紅花(ベニバナ) • (benibana)
* safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

##### Synonyms

* (safflower): 紅(くれない) (kurenai), 紅(べに) (beni)
* (safflower, archaic): 呉(くれ)の藍(あい) (Kure-no-ai)
* (safflower, archaic): 末摘花(すえつむはな) (suetsumu-hana)

##### Derived terms

* 紅花(ベニバナ)苺(イチゴ) (benibana ichigo, “Rubus vernus”)
* 紅花(ベニバナ)隠元(インゲン) (benibana ingen, “Phaseolus coccineus”)
* 紅花(ベニバナ)襤褸(ボロ)菊(ギク) (benibana-borogiku, “Crassocephalum crepidioides”)
* 紅花(べにはな)油(ゆ) (benihana-yu, “safflower oil”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 紅 | 花 |
| こう Grade: 6 | か Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 紅花 (MC huwng xwae).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーか [kóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ːka̠]

#### Noun

紅(こう)花(か) • (kōka)
* (literal) red- or crimson-colored flower
* Synonym of 紅花 (benibana, “safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)”)
* (traditional Chinese medicine) dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius used in medicine

#### Proper noun

紅(こう)花(か) • (Kōka)
* a female given name

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 紅 | 花 |
| べに Grade: 6 | か Grade: 1 |
| jūbakoyomi ||
紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”).

#### Proper noun

紅(べに)花(か) • (Benika)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN