# κάλαμος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* καλάμη (kalámē)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos (“reed, straw”) via its zero-grade stem (such as genitive *ḱl̥h₂mós, with a shift in accent to *ḱĺ̥h₂mos), or (according to Beekes) independently thematicized from an original ablauting paradigm *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-. Cognates include Latin culmus, Russian соло́ма (solóma), Old Norse halmr, and Old English healm (English haulm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ká.la.mos/ → /ˈka.la.mos/ → /ˈka.la.mos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ká.la.mos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈka.la.mos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈka.la.mos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈka.la.mos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈka.la.mos/

### Noun

κᾰ́λᾰμος • (kắlămos) m (genitive κᾰλᾰ́μου); second declension
* a reed
* anything made of reed or cane
** staff, rod
** measuring rod
** pen
** flute
** shaft of an arrow
* collectively, of plants, which are neither bush, nor tree

#### Derived terms

* καλαμάγρωστις (kalamágrōstis)
* καλάμινος (kaláminos)
* καλάμιον (kalámion)
* κᾰλᾰμῐ́ς (kălămĭ́s)
* κᾰλᾰμῐ́σκος (kălămĭ́skos)
* κᾰλᾰμογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (kălămogrăphĭ́ā)
* καλαμοθήκη (kalamothḗkē)

#### Descendants

* → Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)
* → Arabic: قَلَم (qalam) (see there for further descendants)
** → English: qalam
* → Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)
* → Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin) (> קלמר (kalmar))
* → Latin: calamus (see there for further descendants)
* → Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάλαμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 621–622

### Further reading

* “κάλαμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κάλαμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κάλαμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* “κάλαμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2563 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* κάλαμος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. fishing-rod idem, page 323.pen idem, page 602.reed idem, page 684.rush idem, page 727.sedge idem, page 748.straw idem, page 823.stubble idem, page 828.

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos); doublet of καλάμι (kalámi) and καλέμι (kalémi). Also see καλαμάρι (kalamári). The figurative sense, a Semantic loan from French plume.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.la.mos/
* Hyphenation: κά‧λα‧μος

### Noun

κάλαμος • (kálamos) m (plural κάλαμοι)
* (formal) reed pen
* (formal) reed, cane
* (figurative) literary art of a writer

#### Related terms

* καλάμι n (kalámi, “reed, fishing rod, shin”) & related e.g. καλαμιά f (kalamiá, “reed”), καλαμάκι n (kalamáki, “small rod, skewer”)
* καλαμοειδής (kalamoeidís)
* Κάλαμος m (Kálamos) (placename, especially of resort near Athens)
* καλαμώδης m (kalamódis)

#### See also

* καλάμη f (kalámē) (ancient feminine form)
* Κάλαμος (disambiguation) on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$

### References

* ↑ κάλαμος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language