OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# cúltreoir
## Irish
### Etymology

cúl (“behind; back”) +‎ treoir (“sight”)

### Noun

cúltreoir f (genitive singular cúltreorach, nominative plural cúltreoracha)
* backsight

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
cúltreoir
cúltreoracha
vocative
a chúltreoir
a chúltreoracha
genitive
cúltreorach
cúltreoracha
dative
cúltreoir
cúltreoracha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an chúltreoir
na cúltreoracha
genitive
na cúltreorach
na gcúltreoracha
dative
leis an gcúltreoir don chúltreoir
leis na cúltreoracha :

#### Derived terms

* cró cúltreorach (“peep-hole”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# دوشك
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دوشك (döşek, “mattress”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [doʊʃək]

### Noun

دوشك • (došak)
* mattress

## Iraqi Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دوشك (döşek, “mattress”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [doʊʃək]

### Noun

دوشك (došak)
* mattress

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *töĺe- (“to spread out; mat, mattress”), the same root of دوشه‌مك (döşemek, “to spread”).

#### Noun

دوشك • (döşek)
* mat
* pad
* cushion
* mattress

##### Derived terms

* دوشكسز (döşeksiz, “bedless”)
* دوشكلك (döşeklik, “place in which beds are kept”)
* دوشكلو (döşekli, “furnished with beds”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: döşek
* → Albanian: dyshek
* → Gulf Arabic: دوشك
* → Iraqi Arabic: دوشك
* → Bulgarian: дюшек (djušek)
* → Georgian: დოშეგი (došegi)
* → Northern Kurdish: doşek
* → Macedonian: душек (dušek)
* → Middle Armenian: տօշակ (tōšak)
** Armenian: դոշակ (došak)
* → Persian: دوشک / تشک
* → Serbo-Croatian: dušek / душек

#### See also

* مندر (minder)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “döşek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1293
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دوشك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 588
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lectus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 929
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دوشك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2173
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دوشك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 922

### Etymology 2

From دوشمك (düşmek, “to fall”).

#### Noun

دوشك • (düşük)
* miscarriage
* abortion
* an aborted fetus

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دوشك (döşek).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doː.ʃak/, [ˈdoː.ʃak]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

دوشك • (dōšak) m
* couch, sofa
# moblo
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from French meuble, German Möbel, Italian mobile, Russian ме́бель (mébelʹ), Spanish mueble, all ultimately from Latin mōbilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmo.blo/, /ˈmɔ.blɔ/

### Noun

moblo (plural mobli)
* piece of furniture

#### Derived terms

* angulomoblo (“corner-piece”)
* desmoblizar (“to unfurnish”)
* moblala
* moblaro (“household goods, furnishing”)
* moblifisto (“furniture maker”)
* moblizar (“to furnish”)
* moblizita (“furnished”)
# قارپوز
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* գարփուզ (karpuz) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خربز (xarbuz), variant of خربزه (xarbuza, “melon”).

### Noun

قارپوز • (karpuz) (plural قارپوزلر (karpuzlar))
* watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

#### Derived terms

* ایر قارپوزی (eyer karpuzı, “upright projection of a saddle”)
* قارپوز بالغی (karpuz balığı, “sea urchin”)
* قارپوز فنر (karpuz fener, “globular paper lantern”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: karpuz
* → Abkhaz: а-карпы́жә (a-kʼarpʼə́ẑʷ)
* → Adyghe: хъырбыдз (χərbədz)
* → Albanian: karpuz
* → Bulgarian: карпу́за (karpúza)
* → Greek: καρπούζι (karpoúzi)
* → Kabardian: хъарбыз (χarbəz)
* → Ladino: karpus
* → Serbo-Croatian: kàrpuza / ка̀рпуза

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “karpuz”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2444
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قارپوز”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 923
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Anguria”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 62
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قارپوز”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3578
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karpuz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قارپوز”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1412
# decidigar
## Ido
### Etymology

From decidar (“to decide, settle, determine”) +‎ -igar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /det͡sidiˈɡar/

### Verb

decidigar (present tense decidigas, past tense decidigis, future tense decidigos, imperative decidigez, conditional decidigus)
* to decide, determine

#### Derived terms

* decidigiva (“indecisive”)
# rivido
## Ido
### Etymology

ri- (“re-”) +‎ vido (“seeing”)

### Noun

rivido (plural rividi)
* reseeing

#### Derived terms

* til rivido! (“goodbye!”, literally “until the reseeing!”)
# mosko
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek μόσχος (móskhos) (whence Latin mūscus), ultimately from Sanskrit मुष्क (muṣka, “testicle”). Doublet of musko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmosko]
* Rhymes: -osko
* Hyphenation: mos‧ko

### Noun

mosko (accusative singular moskon, plural moskoj, accusative plural moskojn)
* musk

#### Derived terms

* moskulo (“musk deer”)

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto mosko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmosko/

### Noun

mosko (plural moski)
* musk

#### Derived terms

* moskizar
# điều hành
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 調 and 行.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɗiəw˨˩ hajŋ̟˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɗiw˦˩ hɛɲ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɗiw˨˩ han˨˩]

### Verb

điều hành
* to manage; to run; to operate
    giám đốc điều hành ― chief executive officer

#### Derived terms

* hệ điều hành
# doohdį́į́ł
## Navajo
### Verb

doohdį́į́ł
* second-person duoplural future of yidą́
# βιοφυσική
## Greek
### Etymology

From English biophysics.

### Noun

βιοφυσική • (viofysikí) f (uncountable)
* (sciences) biophysics

#### Derived terms

* βιοφυσικός (viofysikós, “biophysical”, adjective)
* βιοφυσικός m (viofysikós, “biophysicist”)

### Adjective

βιοφυσική • (viofysikí)
* nominative/accusative/vocative feminine singular of βιοφυσικός (viofysikós)

#### Further reading

* βιοφυσική on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# drawya
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit द्रव्य (dravya, “object of possession, wealth, goods, money; gold”, literally “substance, thing, object; tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dra.wja/
* Rhymes: -wja
* Hyphenation: dra‧wya

### Noun

drawya
* property
* pudenda

#### Alternative forms

* drabya, dṛwya, dṛbya, drĕwe, duwe, dwe

#### Derived terms

* adrĕwe
* amadṛwyakĕn
* andraweni
* andrĕwe
* andĕdrĕweni
* dumṛwya
* madṛwya
* makadṛwya
* pinakadṛwya
* umadṛwyakĕn
* drabya haji
* drawya haji
* dṛbya haji
* dṛwya haji

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦢꦸꦮꦺ (duwé, “to have, to own”)
* → Balinese: ᬤᬸᬯᬾ (duwé, “to have, to own”)

### Further reading

* "drawya" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# pullollaan
## Finnish
### Etymology

< pullolla (adessive singular) + possessive suffix; the stem is from pullottaa (“to bulge”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpulːolːɑːn/, [ˈpulːo̞lːɑ̝ːn]
* Rhymes: -ulːolːɑːn
* Hyphenation: pul‧lol‧laan

### Adverb

pullollaan
* (of state) bulging with, bursting with, abound with
    Elektroniikkakrääsän ja tilpehöörien myyjiä on netti pullollaan.The internet is filled to the brim with sellers of electronic junk and other stuff.

#### Usage notes

This adverb can be used predicatively with olla (“to be”); it can be used as an adjective in other positions (such as attributively) by using oleva.

#### Inflection

| →○ | allative | pullolleen |
| ○ | adessive | pullollaan |
| ○→ | ablative | – |

#### Synonyms

* täynnä

### Further reading

* “pullollaan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# समाज
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit समाज (samāja).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə.mɑːd͡ʒ/, [sɐ.mäːd͡ʒ]

### Noun

समाज • (samāj) m (Urdu spelling سماج)
* society, community
* an association
    श्री माहेश्वरी समाज, जयपुरśrī māheśvarī samāj, jaypurSri Maheshwari Samaj, Jaipur

#### Derived terms

* आर्य समाज (ārya samāj)
* समाजवाद (samājvād)
* समाजवादी (samājvādī)

#### References

* ↑ https://maheshwarisamajjaipur.com/

## Marathi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit समाज (samāja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.mad͡ʑ/

### Noun

समाज • (samāj) m
* society, community

#### Derived terms

* समाजवाद (samājvād, “socialism”)
* समाजवादी (samājvādī, “socialist”)
* समाजशास्त्र (samājśāstra, “social science”)
* सामाजिक (sāmājik, “social”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “समाज”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʌmä(d)z]
* Phonetic Devanagari: समाज्

### Noun

समाज • (samāj)
* society, community

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সমাজ (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬫᬵᬚ (Balinese script)
* সমাজ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰦𑰯𑰕 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀚 (Brahmi script)
* သမာဇ (Burmese script)
* સમાજ (Gujarati script)
* ਸਮਾਜ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌮𑌾𑌜 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦩꦴꦗ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂧𑂰𑂔 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಮಾಜ (Kannada script)
* សមាជ (Khmer script)
* ສມາຊ (Lao script)
* സമാജ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘦𑘰𑘕 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᠮᠠᢗᠽᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧆𑧑𑦵 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐖 (Newa script)
* ସମାଜ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢪꢵꢙ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆩𑆳𑆘 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖦𑖯𑖕 (Siddham script)
* සමාජ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩴𑩛𑩣 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚢𑚭𑚑 (Takri script)
* ஸமாஜ (Tamil script)
* సమాజ (Telugu script)
* สมาช (Thai script)
* ས་མཱ་ཛ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒧𑒰𑒖 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨢𑨊𑨥 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From सम्- (sam-) +‎ अज् (aj).

### Noun

समाज • (samāja) stem, m
* society, assembly, conclave

#### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “समाज”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1153.
# boghdóir
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* boghadóir

### Etymology

From Middle Irish bogatóir, from boga (“bow”) (compare modern bogha), from Old Norse bogi. Equivalent to bogha +‎ -dóir.

### Noun

boghdóir m (genitive singular boghdóra, nominative plural boghdóirí)
* archer, bowman
    Synonym: saighdeoir

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
boghdóir
boghdóirí
vocative
a bhoghdóir
a bhoghdóirí
genitive
boghdóra
boghdóirí
dative
boghdóir
boghdóirí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an boghdóir
na boghdóirí
genitive
an bhoghdóra
na mboghdóirí
dative
leis an mboghdóir don bhoghdóir
leis na boghdóirí :

#### Derived terms

* boghdóireacht (“archery”)

#### Related terms

* bogha (“bow”)
* saighdeoireacht (“archery”)
* saighead (“arrow”)
* truaill saighead (“quiver”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “boghdóir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “boghdóir”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “boghdóir”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# rrjedhore
## Albanian
### Etymology

From rrjedh (“derive”) + -ore (noun suffix).

### Noun

rrjedhore f (definite rrjedhorja)
* (grammar) ablative case

### See also

* ablativ (“ablative”)
* dhanore (“dative”), dativ (“id”)
* emërore (“nominative”), nominativ (“id”)
* gjinore (“genitive”), gjenitiv (“id”)
* kallëzore (“accusative”), akuzativ (“id”)
* rasë (“case”):
* thirrore (“vocative”), vokativ (“id”)
* vendore (“locative”), lokativ (“id”)
# tocsain
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tocsain f (genitive singular tocsaine, nominative plural tocsainí)
* toxin

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
tocsain
tocsainí
vocative
a thocsain
a thocsainí
genitive
tocsaine
tocsainí
dative
tocsain
tocsainí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tocsain
na tocsainí
genitive
na tocsaine
na dtocsainí
dative
leis an tocsain don tocsain
leis na tocsainí :

#### Derived terms

* antatocsain, fritocsain
* tocsaineach
* tocsaineacht
* tocsaineolaíocht

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tocsain”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “tocsain”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “tocsain”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# coirpín
## Irish
### Etymology

From corp (“body”) +‎ -ín (diminutive suffix).

### Noun

coirpín m (genitive singular coirpín, nominative plural coirpíní)
* corpuscle
* body

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
coirpín
coirpíní
vocative
a choirpín
a choirpíní
genitive
coirpín
coirpíní
dative
coirpín
coirpíní
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an coirpín
na coirpíní
genitive
an choirpín
na gcoirpíní
dative
leis an gcoirpín don choirpín
leis na coirpíní :

#### Derived terms

* coirpín fola, fuilchoirpín (“blood corpuscle”)
* coirpín mailpígeach (“Malpighian corpuscle”)
* coirpíneach (“corpuscular”, adjective)
* frithchoirpín (“antibody”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “coirpín”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# plástar
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* plástra

### Etymology

From English plaster.

### Noun

plástar m (genitive singular plástair, nominative plural plástair)
* plaster (material)
** (medicine) sticking plaster, band-aid
    Synonym: greimlín
** (familiar) plaster cast
    Synonym: teilgean plástair
* soft, flat-featured person

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
plástar
plástair
vocative
a phlástair
a phlástara
genitive
plástair
plástar
dative
plástar
plástair
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an plástar
na plástair
genitive
an phlástair
na bplástar
dative
leis an bplástar don phlástar
leis na plástair :

#### Derived terms

* plástar Pháras
* plástarchlár
* plástraeir, plástrálaí, plástróir (“plasterer”)
* plástráil, plástraigh (“plaster”, verb)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “plástar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “plástar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “plástar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# తోక
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* తోఁక (tōn̆ka)

### Etymology

Cognate with Kannada ತೋಕೆ (tōke, “tail”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪oːka/

### Noun

తోక • (tōka) ? (plural తోకలు)
* tail

#### Synonyms

* వాలము (vālamu)

#### Derived terms

* తోకకప్ప (tōkakappa, “tadpole”)
* తోకకోయు (tōkakōyu)
* తోకచుక్క (tōkacukka, “comet”)
* తోకపురుగు (tōkapurugu, “insect with tail”)
* నక్కతోక (nakkatōka, “foxtail”)

### References

* "తోక" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 563
# obat
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* ubat (Johor-Riau)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay ubat, obat, from Classical Malay اوبت (ubat), اوبت (obat), from Proto-Malayic *ubat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ubat. Influenced by Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦧꦠ꧀ (obat).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian)
** IPA: /ˈobat/ [ˈo.bat̪̚]
*** Rhymes: -obat
** IPA: (Javanese-influenced) /ˈɔbat/ [ˈɔ.bat̪̚]
*** Rhymes: -ɔbat
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: o‧bat

### Noun

obat (plural obat-obat)
* (medicine, pharmacy) medicine
    Pemerintah didesak dalam penelitian dan pengembangan obat. ― The government is pressed in medicine research and development.
* (colloquial, chemistry) chemical
    Synonym: bahan kimia
* (figurative) gunpowder; bullet
* (figurative) black magic

#### Affixed terms

* berobat
* mengobati
* mengobatkan
* obat-obatan
* pengobat
* pengobatan
* terobat
* terobati
* obat adiktif
* obat angin
* obat anorektik
* obat antidepresan
* obat antihipertensif
* obat antikonvulsan
* obat antispasmodik
* obat basah
* obat batuk
* obat bebas
* obat bebas terbatas
* obat bedil
* obat bius
* obat cacing
* obat daftar G
* obat dahaga
* obat dalam
* obat dokter
* obat esensial
* obat generik
* obat guna
* obat haus
* obat herbal
* obat jerih
* obat kampung
* obat keras
* obat kuat
* obat kumur
* obat lali
* obat lelah
* obat luar
* obat mata
* obat mentah
* obat merah
* obat nyamuk
* obat oral
* obat palsu
* obat paten
* obat pekasih
* obat pencahar
* obat penenang
* obat pengasih
* obat perangsang
* obat rektal
* obat rumah
* obat sinse
* obat stimulan
* obat tambahan
* obat telekap
* obat terlarang
* obat tidur
* obat tradisional
* obat urus-urus
* obat vaginal

### References

* “obat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

obat
* Romanization of ꦲꦺꦴꦧꦠ꧀
# cuaille
## Irish
### Etymology

Cognate with Welsh cofl. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

cuaille m (genitive singular cuaille, nominative plural cuaillí)
* pole; stake, post
* (heraldry) pale
* tall, thin person; lank, lazy person

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
cuaille
cuaillí
vocative
a chuaille
a chuaillí
genitive
cuaille
cuaillí
dative
cuaille
cuaillí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an cuaille
na cuaillí
genitive
an chuaille
na gcuaillí
dative
leis an gcuaille don chuaille
leis na cuaillí :

#### Synonyms

* (tall, thin person): coinnleoir m, léanscach m, pícealach m, sciúirse m, sínéalach m, spiacán m, spíce (de dhuine) m, spícéad m, spídéalach m, sreangaire m, sreangán m

#### Derived terms

* cleas an chuaille (“somersault”) (using pole, stick)
* cuaille báire (“goal-post”)
* cuaille comhraic (“challenge pole”)
* cuaille críche, cuaille teorann (“boundary post”)
* cuaille eolais (“signpost”)
* cuaille feistithe (“mooring-post”)
* cuaille geata (“gate post”)
* cuaille lampa (“lamp-post”)
* cuaille teileagraif (“telegraph pole”)
* cuaille tosaithe (“starting-post”)
* cuaille treo (“direction post”)
* cuaille treorach (“alignment picket”)
* cuailleach (“impaled”, adjective)
* cuailligh (“stud”, transitive verb)
* fál cuaillí (“picket-fence, stake fence”)
* lampa cuaille (“standard lamp”)
* léim chuaille (“pole vault”)
* sá cuaillí (“pole-planting”)
* sáiteoir cuaillí (“pole-sinker”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cofl”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cuaille”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# dychaś
## Lower Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* dychasch (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dyxati. Compare dych (“breath”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian dychać, Polish od-dychać, Czech dýchat, Old Church Slavonic дꙑхати (dyxati), and Russian дышать (dyšatʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɨxaɕ]

### Verb

dychaś impf (perfective dychnuś)
* to breathe (draw air in and out)

#### Conjugation

| Present | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | dycham | dychamej | dychamy |
| 2nd person | dychaš | dychatej | dychaśo |
| 3rd person | dycha | dychatej | dychaju |
| Preterite | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | dychach | dychachmej | dychachmy |
| 2nd person | dychašo | dychaštej | dychašćo |
| 3rd person | dychašo | dychaštej | dychachu |
| Imperative | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 2nd person | dychaj | dychajtej | dychajśo |

##### Participles

* Present: dychajucy
* Past active (“ł-form”): dychał
* Past passive: dychany

##### Infinitive

    dychaś

##### Supine

    dychat

##### Verbal noun

    dychanje

#### Derived terms

* dodychaś pf (“breathe one’s last”)
* dychadło n (“organ of breathing”)
* dychaŕ m (“breather”)
* dychaty (“short of breath”)
* dychawa f (“windpipe”)
* dychnjenje n (“a breath”)
* dychotaś impf (“breathe heavily, pant”)
* dychotaty (“short of breath”)
* dychotawy (“short of breath”)
* njedychaty (“short of breath, asthmatic”)
* pódychaś pf (“breathe weakly”)
* pózdychaś pf (“sigh”)
* wobdychaś pf (“breathe on”)
* wobzdychowaś pf (“sigh over, lament”)
* wódychaś pf (“catch one’s breath”)
* wótdychaś pf (“catch one’s breath”)
* wudychaś pf (“breathe out, exhale”)
* zadychaś pf (“breathe in”)
* zdychaś pf (“sigh”)

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “dychaś”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “dychaś”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
# bitra
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bitter, German bitter, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbitra/

### Adjective

bitra
* bitter, sharp, poignant, acrimonious
    Synonym: acerba
    Antonym: dolca

#### Derived terms

* bitrajo (“bitter thing”)
* bitre (“bitterly”)
* bitreso
* bitrigar