# 盈

| 盈 | U+76C8, &#30408; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76C8 |
| ← 盇 [U+76C7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盉 → [U+76C9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

盈 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸月廿 (NSBT), four-corner 1710$_7$, composition ⿱夃皿)
* fill
* full, overflowing
* surplus
* (of the Moon) to wax

#### Derived characters

* 𫣂, 𰈏, 𡎠, 𡟚, 𡺡, 㨕, 溋, 𤟣, 𬨸, 𭦻, 楹, 𦝚, 𥈱, 䋼, 𫄮, 𨩙, 𧀟, 𨜏, 戤, 𤔷, 𡺦, 萾, 𥯰

#### Descendants

* 𛀏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 793, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22961
* Dae Jaweon: page 1208, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2558, character 12
* Unihan data for U+76C8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 盈 | *leŋ |
| 楹 | *leŋ |
Uncertain. Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 夃 + 皿 (“vessel”). Meaning of the 夃 component is unclear.

### Etymology

Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(p/b)liŋ (“full; fill”), whence Chepang ब्‍लीङ्‌सा (bliŋ‑, “to be full; fill”), Burmese ပြည့် (prany., “to be full”), Burmese ဖြည့် (hprany., “to add”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). An allofam is perhaps 孕 (OC *lɯŋs, “pregnant”), as well as 填 (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill up”) (Schuessler, 2007). Despite STEDT's suggestion, 贏 (OC *leŋ, “surplus, profit; to win”) is probably not related, in light of Baxter and Sagart's later Old Chinese reconstruction.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yíng (ying$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yin$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâⁿ / ihⁿ / êng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^2$
*** Yale: yíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yng
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /in¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /in¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: iânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: viaa
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iã¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iã²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ihⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: innh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: viq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ĩʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: êng
*** Tâi-lô: îng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ¹³/
* iâⁿ/ihⁿ - vernacular;
* êng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit盈 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /in²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /in³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /in²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ĩ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /in²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦin²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /in⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /in¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /in⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /in¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /in¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iŋ³⁵/ /iã³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ²¹/ /ieiŋ²¹/ 新 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ioŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zeŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: yeng
Rime :
| Character | 盈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以成切 |
| Baxter | yeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*leŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*leŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 盈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*leŋ/ (< *liŋ?) |
| English | fill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15352 |
| Phonetic component | 盈 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 盈 |
| Old Chinese | /*leŋ/ |

### Definitions

盈
* to fill; to be full of; to be filled with
    車馬盈門／车马盈门 ― chēmǎyíngmén ― to have many guests (literally, “vehicles and horses fill the door”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ cāng jì yíng, wǒ yǔ wéi yì. [Pinyin]
    When our barns are full, And our stacks can be counted by tens of myriads.
    From: 2006, 劉殷傑 [Jackie Lau], 數算奇異恩典 [Count His Grace]
    jan$^1$ din$^2$ baak$^6$ baak$^6$ kap$^1$ jyu$^5$, ling$^6$ ngo$^5$ jing$^4$ leoi$^6$ ngaan$^5$ zyu$^1$. [Jyutping]
    Grace He freely gives me, causing my eyes to be filled with tears.
* to have a surplus; to have excess
    盈餘／盈余 ― yíngyú ― surplus
* (of a person's body, or handwriting) well-developed; full-grown; shapely; curvaceous; plump
    豐盈／丰盈 ― fēngyíng ― full and round
* (obsolete) vigorous; exuberant
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ jié wǒ yíng, gù kè zhī. [Pinyin]
    With our spirit at the highest pitch we fell on them with their spirit exhausted; and so we conquered them.
* (literary) to reach
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qiě nián wèi yíng wǔshí, ér zhūnzhūn yān rú bā jiǔshí zhě, fú néng jiǔ yǐ. [Pinyin]
    And moreover, though his years are not yet fifty, he keeps repeating the same thing like a man of eighty or ninety—he cannot endure long.
    From: c. early 8th century, Li Bai (李白), 《蜀道難》
    Liánfēng qù tiān bù yíng chǐ, kūsōng dǎoguà yǐ juébì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to increase
* (obsolete) proud; arrogant
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Tiāndào kuī yíng ér yì qiān, dìdào biàn yíng ér liú qiān, guǐshén hài yíng ér fú qiān, réndào wù yíng ér hào qiān. [Pinyin]
    It is the way of heaven to diminish the full and augment the humble. It is the way of earth to overthrow the full and replenish the humble. Spiritual Beings inflict calamity on the full and bless the humble. It is the way of men to hate the full and love the humble.
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to fill): 充滿／充满 (chōngmǎn), (literary) 充牣 (chōngrèn)
* (well-developed): (literary) 充盈 (chōngyíng), 豐滿／丰满 (fēngmǎn)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to have a surplus”): (literary, or in compounds) 虧／亏 (kuī)

#### Compounds

* 保泰持盈
* 保留盈餘 / 保留盈余
* 充盈 (chōngyíng)
* 取盈
* 喜气盈盈
* 喜盈盈 (xǐyíngyíng)
* 喜笑盈腮
* 器小易盈
* 囊橐豐盈 / 囊橐丰盈
* 宾客盈门
* 彼竭我盈 (bǐjiéwǒyíng)
* 志盈心满
* 扭亏为盈 (niǔkuīwéiyíng)
* 扭亏增盈
* 持滿戒盈 / 持满戒盈
* 持盈
* 持盈保泰
* 持盈守成
* 持盈守虛 / 持盈守虚
* 擲果盈車 / 掷果盈车
* 方丈盈前
* 春水盈盈
* 春雪盈盈
* 月盈則虧 / 月盈则亏
* 月盈則食 / 月盈则食
* 月盈花好
* 沸反盈天
* 洋洋盈耳
* 淚珠盈眶 / 泪珠盈眶
* 滿盈 / 满盈 (mǎnyíng)
* 熱淚盈眶 / 热泪盈眶 (rèlèiyíngkuàng)
* 盈利 (yínglì)
* 盈千累百
* 盈千累萬 / 盈千累万
* 盈室
* 盈尺之地
* 盈掬
* 盈月
* 盈溢
* 盈滿 / 盈满
* 盈滿之咎 / 盈满之咎
* 盈盈 (yíngyíng)
* 盈盈一水
* 盈盈在目
* 盈盈带水
* 盈盈秋水
* 盈盈笑语
* 盈眸
* 盈眶 (yíngkuàng)
* 盈積 / 盈积
* 盈篇累牘 / 盈篇累牍
* 盈耳
* 盈花
* 盈虧 / 盈亏 (yíngkuī)
* 盈警 (yíngjǐng)
* 盈貫 / 盈贯
* 盈車嘉穗 / 盈车嘉穗
* 盈門 / 盈门
* 盈餘 / 盈余 (yíngyú)
* 益謙虧盈 / 益谦亏盈
* 硕果盈盈
* 福不盈眥 / 福不盈眦
* 禍盈惡稔 / 祸盈恶稔
* 秋波盈盈
* 笑意盈盈
* 笑盈盈 (xiàoyíngyíng)
* 笑语盈盈
* 累積盈餘 / 累积盈余
* 纖不盈握 / 纤不盈握
* 肌理豐盈 / 肌理丰盈
* 蓝盈盈
* 豐盈 / 丰盈 (fēngyíng)
* 貫盈 / 贯盈 (guànyíng)
* 賓客盈庭 / 宾客盈庭
* 賓客盈門 / 宾客盈门
* 車馬盈門 / 车马盈门
* 輕盈 / 轻盈 (qīngyíng)
* 量小易盈
* 驕盈 / 骄盈 (jiāoyíng)
* 體態輕盈 / 体态轻盈

### References

* “盈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* fill
* surplus

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: えい (ei)
* Kun: みちる (michiru)、みたす (mitasu)、みつ (mitsu)
* Nanori: みち (michi)、みちる (michiru)、みつ (mitsu)、みつる (mitsuru)

#### Compounds

* 潮盈珠(しおみつたま) (shiomitsutama)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 盈
* えい Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 盈 (MC yeng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [e̞ː]

### Affix

盈(えい) • (ei)
* to be full; to be filled; (of moon) to wax

#### Derived terms

* 盈盈(えいえい) (eiei)
* 盈虧(えいき) (eiki)
* 盈虚(えいきょ) (eikyo)
* 盈月(えいげつ) (eigetsu)
* 盈満(えいまん) (eiman)
* 虧盈(きえい) (kiei)
* 欠盈(けつえい) (ketsuei)
* 充盈(じゅうえい) (jūei)
* 満盈(まんえい) (man'ei)

## Korean
### Hanja

盈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

盈: Hán Nôm readings: dềnh, doanh, giềng, diềng, riêng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.