# διαίρεσις
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From διαιρέω (diairéō, “take apart, cleave, divide”) +‎ -σις (-sis), from δια- (dia-, “apart”) +‎ αἱρέω (hairéō, “take, grasp”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.ǎi̯.re.sis/ → /ðiˈɛ.re.sis/ → /ðiˈe.re.sis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /di.ǎi̯.re.sis/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /diˈɛ.re.sis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ðiˈɛ.re.sis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ðiˈe.re.sis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ðiˈe.re.sis/

### Noun

δῐαίρεσῐς • (dĭaíresĭs) f (genitive δῐαιρέσεως); third declension
* divisibility
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1016b.4
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.4.1027b.19
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.4.1027b.30
* (medicine) dissection
** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 4.664
** (medicine) venesection
*** 320 CE – 403 CE, Oribasius, Collected Works 7.9
** (medicine) surgical operation
*** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Frank Criticism p.56O
** (medicine, in the plural) wounds
*** 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library
* division, distribution
** (of money) Herodotus, Histories 7.144
** (of spoils) Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.55
** (of votes) Aeschylus, The Eumenides 749
* distinction
** 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 267b
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1294a.34
* (logic) division into logical genus and species (γένος (génos) and εἶδος (eîdos))
** 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 267d
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.31
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 266b
* (logic) separation of the subject and predicate
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Interpretation 1.16a
* (logic) the fallacy of division
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Sophistical Refutations 33.177a
* (rhetoric) division or distribution of an argument into its component subjects or subtopics (known formerly as "heads")
** Hermogenes of Tarsus, Progymnasmata 7
** Hermogenes of Tarsus, On legal issues 1
** 1 CE – 100 CE, Onasander, Strategikos 2
* (grammar) the resolution of a diphthong into two syllables, diaeresis
** 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 87.2
** An., Bachm. 2.367.3
* (grammar) the resolution of one word into two
** 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 11.492a
** Tryphon, On Tropes 1.8
* (poetry) division of a poetic line when the end of a word and a metrical foot coincide, diaeresis
** 200 CE – 300 CE, Aristides Quintilianus, On Music 1.24
** 200 CE – 300 CE, Aristides Quintilianus, On Music 47.23
* (mathematics) transformation of a dividend yield
** 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 5.1
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Definitions 15
** c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 2.6
* (military) division of troops in the Roman cohors
** 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 7.14.9
* (music) division or separation between sounds, interval
** 400 BCE – 250 BCE, Aristoxenus, Rhyth. 7.18.19

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “division”): σῠναίρεσῐς (sŭnaíresĭs)
* (antonym(s) of “division into logical genus and species”): σῠνᾰγωγή (sŭnăgōgḗ)
* (antonym(s) of “division of subject and predicate”): σῠ́νθεσῐς (sŭ́nthesĭs)
* (antonym(s) of “fallacy of division”): σῠ́νθεσῐς (sŭ́nthesĭs)
* (antonym(s) of “resolution of a diphthong into two syllables”): σῠναίρεσῐς (sŭnaíresĭs)
* (antonym(s) of “interval”): δῐᾰ́στημᾰ (dĭắstēmă)

#### Coordinate terms

* (προσῳδίαι ἑλληνικαί) προσῳδία; βαρεῖα ⟨ ` ⟩, βραχεῖα ⟨ ˘ ⟩, δασεῖα ⟨ ῾ ⟩, διαίρεσις ⟨ ¨ ⟩, κορωνίς ⟨ ᾽ ⟩, μακρά ⟨ ¯ ⟩, ὀξεῖα ⟨ ´ ⟩, περισπωμένη ⟨ ῀ ⟩, προσγεγραμμένη ⟨ ι ⟩, ὑπογεγραμμένη ⟨ ͺ ⟩, ψιλή ⟨ ᾿ ⟩

#### Descendants

* → Latin: diaeresis
** → English: diaeresis
** → French: diérèse
** → Portuguese: diérese
** → Spanish: diéresis

### Further reading

* “διαίρεσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “διαίρεσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* διαίρεσις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* 1 διαίρεσις in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* G1243 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. division idem, page 244.partition idem, page 595.separation idem, page 754.