# 形

| 形 | U+5F62, &#24418; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F62 |
| ← 彡 [U+5F61] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 彣 → [U+5F63] |
| 形 | U+2F899, &#194713; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F899 |
| ← 𦇚 [U+2F898] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 彫 → [U+2F89A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

形 (Kangxi radical 59, 彡+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一廿竹竹竹 (MTHHH), four-corner 1242$_2$, composition ⿰开彡)

#### Derived characters

* 䤯 𥒱 𧨘 𫌟 𪫊 𨴸 𩃋 𡌑 𬑖 𭑾 𮏂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 363, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9969
* Dae Jaweon: page 681, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 852, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5F62
* Unihan data for U+2F899

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 形 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 硎 | *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ |
| 耕 | *kreːŋ |
| 荊 | *keŋ |
| 井 | *skeŋʔ |
| 丼 | *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ |
| 妌 | *sɡeŋʔ |
| 穽 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 阱 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 汫 | *sɡeːŋʔ |
| 刑 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 形 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 邢 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 鉶 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 型 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 侀 | *ɡeːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 幵 + 彡. In current form 幵 has been simplified to 开.
It may also be interpreted as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːŋ) : phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ) + semantic 彡, if the original character was 𢒈.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xíng (xing$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xíng
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xín
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jeang$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hìn
    (Hailu, HRS): hin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hing$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hang$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yin / $^2$yin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$
*** Yale: syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: xíng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ²⁴/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: xín
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕĩ²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jeang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /zəŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin
*** Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hěng
*** Sinological IPA : /xeiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hìng
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
*** Tâi-lô: hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ⁵⁵/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: hing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiŋ²²/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: hang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /həŋ²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yin
*** MiniDict: yin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²³/
** (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^2$yin
*** MiniDict: yin$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦiŋ³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦiŋ³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦin²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦin²²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /ɦin¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦiŋ¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦin³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦin²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦiŋ²³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦiŋ³¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦiŋ²²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit形 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕĩn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕin²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕĩ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦin²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jaŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕin¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hin¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hin¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: heng
Rime :
| Character | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 戸經切 |
| Baxter | heng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ heng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | form, shape |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6862 |
| Phonetic component | 井 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㓝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːŋ/ |

### Definitions

形
* form; shape; appearance
    形狀／形状 ― xíngzhuàng ― form; appearance; shape
* image; appearance
* body; entity; contour
    形體／形体 ― xíngtǐ ― physique
* style; vogue
* (grammar) Short for 形容詞／形容词 (xíngróngcí, “adjective”).
* to appear; to display
    喜形於色／喜形于色 ― xǐxíngyúsè ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to form; to become
    更形複雜／更形复杂 ― gèng xíng fùzá ― to become more complicated
* to compare
    相形見絀／相形见绌 ― xiàngxíngjiànchù ― pale by comparison

#### Synonyms

* (form): 樣／样 (yàng), 型 (xíng)

### Compounds

* 三角形 (sānjiǎoxíng)
* 不形 (bùxíng)
* 不形於色 / 不形于色 (bùxíngyúsè)
* 中形
* 二形人
* 二形花
* 人形 (rénxíng)
* 傘形 / 伞形
* 儀形 / 仪形
* 六角形 (liùjiǎoxíng)
* 分形 (fēnxíng)
* 分形同氣 / 分形同气
* 勞形 / 劳形
* 勢合形離 / 势合形离
* 勾股形
* 化形
* 匿影藏形 (nìyǐngcángxíng)
* 匿跡潛形 / 匿迹潜形
* 匿跡隱形 / 匿迹隐形
* 卵形 (luǎnxíng)
* 原形 (yuánxíng)
* 原形畢露 / 原形毕露 (yuánxíngbìlù)
* 原形質 / 原形质
* 口形 (kǒuxíng)
* 同形詞 / 同形词
* 呈形
* 吠形吠聲 / 吠形吠声
* 喜劇形象 / 喜剧形象
* 喜形於色 / 喜形于色
* 四邊形 / 四边形 (sìbiānxíng)
* 圓形 / 圆形 (yuánxíng)
* 圓形劇場 / 圆形剧场
* 圓形動物 / 圆形动物
* 圖形 / 图形 (túxíng)
* 圖形分析 / 图形分析
* 土木形骸
* 地形 (dìxíng)
* 地形雨
* 外形 (wàixíng)
* 多角形 (duōjiǎoxíng)
* 多邊形 / 多边形 (duōbiānxíng)
* 奇形怪狀 / 奇形怪状 (qíxíngguàizhuàng)
* 如影隨形 / 如影随形 (rúyǐngsuíxíng)
* 妖形怪狀 / 妖形怪状
* 字形 (zìxíng)
* 孤形吊影
* 孤形單影 / 孤形单影
* 孤形隻影 / 孤形只影
* 定形 (dìngxíng)
* 寓形
* 寫形 / 写形
* 幾何圖形 / 几何图形 (jǐhé túxíng)
* 弓形 (gōngxíng)
* 弓形鑽 / 弓形钻
* 弧形 (húxíng)
* 弭患無形 / 弭患无形
* 形上 (xíngshàng)
* 形上學 / 形上学 (xíngshàngxué)
* 形似 (xíngsì)
* 形便 (xíngbiàn)
* 形像 (xíngxiàng)
* 形制 (xíngzhì)
* 形勝 / 形胜 (xíngshèng)
* 形勢 / 形势 (xíngshì)
* 形同具文
* 形名參同 / 形名参同
* 形同虛設 / 形同虚设 (xíngtóngxūshè)
* 形單影單 / 形单影单
* 形單影支 / 形单影支
* 形單影隻 / 形单影只 (xíngdānyǐngzhī)
* 形孤影寡
* 形孤影隻 / 形孤影只
* 形容 (xíngróng)
* 形容句
* 形容枯槁 (xíngróng kūgǎo)
* 形容盡致 / 形容尽致
* 形容詞 / 形容词 (xíngróngcí)
* 形式 (xíngshì)
* 形式主義 / 形式主义 (xíngshìzhǔyì)
* 形式美
* 形形色色 (xíngxíngsèsè)
* 形影 (xíngyǐng)
* 形影不離 / 形影不离 (xíngyǐngbùlí)
* 形影相依
* 形影相弔 / 形影相吊
* 形影相追
* 形影相隨 / 形影相随
* 形影相顧 / 形影相顾
* 形意拳
* 形態 / 形态 (xíngtài)
* 形態學 / 形态学 (xíngtàixué)
* 形成 (xíngchéng)
* 形成層 / 形成层 (xíngchéngcéng)
* 形於色 / 形于色 (xíngyúsè)
* 形於言色 / 形于言色
* 形於辭色 / 形于辞色
* 形於顏色 / 形于颜色
* 形旁 (xíngpáng)
* 形景
* 形格勢禁 / 形格势禁 (xínggéshìjìn)
* 形氣 / 形气
* 形狀 / 形状 (xíngzhuàng)
* 形疲神困
* 形相 (xíngxiàng)
* 形神
* 形穢 / 形秽
* 形符
* 形而下 (xíng'érxià)
* 形而上 (xíng'érshàng)
* 形而上學 / 形而上学 (xíng'érshàngxué)
* 形聲 / 形声 (xíngshēng)
* 形聲偏旁 / 形声偏旁 (xíngshēng piānpáng)
* 形聲字 / 形声字 (xíngshēngzì)
* 形色
* 形藏
* 形解
* 形訓 / 形训
* 形變 / 形变 (xíngbiàn)
* 形象 (xíngxiàng)
* 形象化
* 形象藝術 / 形象艺术
* 形貌 (xíngmào)
* 形質 / 形质
* 形跡 / 形迹 (xíngjì)
* 形跡可疑 / 形迹可疑
* 形跡敗露 / 形迹败露
* 形蹟 / 形迹
* 形蹤 / 形踪
* 形銷骨立 / 形销骨立
* 形隻影單 / 形只影单 (xíngzhīyǐngdān)
* 形骸 (xínghái)
* 形體 / 形体 (xíngtǐ)
* 形魄
* 影形不離 / 影形不离
* 影隻形單 / 影只形单
* 得意忘形 (déyìwàngxíng)
* 心形 (xīnxíng)
* 忘形 (wàngxíng)
* 忘形之交
* 忘形之契
* 忘形交
* 怒形於色 / 怒形于色
* 情形 (qíngxíng)
* 意識形態 / 意识形态 (yìshí xíngtài)
* 憂形於色 / 忧形于色
* 應物現形 / 应物现形
* 成形 (chéngxíng)
* 扇形 (shànxíng)
* 扇形理論 / 扇形理论
* 扇形角
* 披針形葉 / 披针形叶
* 放浪形骸 (fànglàng xínghái)
* 斂影逃形 / 敛影逃形
* 新月形麵包 / 新月形面包 (xīnyuèxíng miànbāo)
* 方形 (fāngxíng)
* 星形 (xīngxíng)
* 月形天蠶蛾 / 月形天蚕蛾 (yuèxíng tiāncán'é)
* 有形 (yǒuxíng)
* 有形戰力 / 有形战力
* 有形損耗 / 有形损耗
* 有形資本 / 有形资本
* 有形資產 / 有形资产
* 木形灰心
* 未形之患
* 枯形灰心
* 案牘勞形 / 案牍劳形
* 梯形 (tīxíng)
* 條形圖 / 条形图 (tiáoxíngtú)
* 楔形文字 (xiēxíng wénzì)
* 構形 / 构形 (gòuxíng)
* 模塑成形
* 樂極忘形 / 乐极忘形
* 橢圓形 / 椭圆形 (tuǒyuánxíng)
* 正三角形
* 正多邊形 / 正多边形 (zhèngduōbiānxíng)
* 正方形 (zhèngfāngxíng)
* 殊形妙狀 / 殊形妙状
* 殊形怪狀 / 殊形怪状
* 殊形詭狀 / 殊形诡状
* 殊形詭色 / 殊形诡色
* 毀形滅性 / 毁形灭性
* 沒人形 / 没人形
* 沒形沒影 / 没形没影
* 波形 (bōxíng)
* 波形板
* 流形 (liúxíng)
* 流於形式 / 流于形式
* 潛形 / 潜形
* 潛形匿跡 / 潜形匿迹
* 灰心槁形
* 無形 / 无形 (wúxíng)
* 無形中 / 无形中 (wúxíngzhōng)
* 無形無影 / 无形无影
* 無形無蹤 / 无形无踪
* 無形眼鏡 / 无形眼镜
* 無形貿易 / 无形贸易
* 無形鏡 / 无形镜
* 無影無形 / 无影无形
* 無所遁形 / 无所遁形 (wúsuǒdùnxíng)
* 現形 / 现形 (xiànxíng)
* 環形 / 环形 (huánxíng)
* 環形山 / 环形山 (huánxíngshān)
* 異形 / 异形 (yìxíng)
* 異形葉 / 异形叶
* 異形詞 / 异形词 (yìxíngcí)
* 異形配子 / 异形配子
* 畫影圖形 / 画影图形 (huàyǐngtúxíng)
* 畸形 (jīxíng)
* 畸形兒 / 畸形儿
* 畸形發展 / 畸形发展
* 發泡成形 / 发泡成形
* 相似形 (xiāngsìxíng)
* 相形
* 省形
* 相形之下
* 相形失色
* 相形見絀 / 相形见绌 (xiāngxíngjiànchù)
* 看情形
* 矩形 (jǔxíng)
* 矩形體 / 矩形体
* 神勞形瘁 / 神劳形瘁
* 空間圖形 / 空间图形
* 窮形極狀 / 穷形极状
* 窮形盡相 / 穷形尽相
* 立體圖形 / 立体图形
* 筒形
* 等腰梯形 (děngyāo tīxíng)
* 線形動物 / 线形动物 (xiànxíng dòngwù)
* 義形於色 / 义形于色
* 胚形成
* 脣形花 / 唇形花
* 自慚形穢 / 自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì)
* 自覺形穢 / 自觉形秽
* 舉止形容 / 举止形容
* 船形帽
* 花形
* 菱形 (língxíng)
* 葉形 / 叶形
* 蔽形術 / 蔽形术
* 藏形
* 藏形匿影
* 彪形大漢 / 彪形大汉 (biāoxíngdàhàn)
* 蠕形動物 / 蠕形动物 (ruǎnxíng dòngwù)
* 表形文字
* 觀形察色 / 观形察色
* 觀念形態 / 观念形态 (guānniàn xíngtài)
* 詭形怪狀 / 诡形怪状
* 詭形殊狀 / 诡形殊状
* 詭狀異形 / 诡状异形
* 變形 / 变形 (biànxíng)
* 變形工時 / 变形工时
* 變形蟲 / 变形虫 (biànxíngchóng)
* 變形金剛 / 变形金刚 (biànxíng jīngāng)
* 象形 (xiàngxíng)
* 象形文字 (xiàngxíng wénzì)
* 賦形劑 / 赋形剂 (fùxíngjì)
* 身形 (shēnxíng)
* 輪形動物 / 轮形动物
* 造形 (zàoxíng)
* 造形藝術 / 造形艺术
* 遁形
* 遁跡潛形 / 遁迹潜形
* 遯形 / 遁形
* 針形葉 / 针形叶
* 鍊形 / 炼形
* 鎮暴隊形 / 镇暴队形
* 鐘形蟲 / 钟形虫
* 長方形 / 长方形 (chángfāngxíng)
* 隊形 / 队形 (duìxíng)
* 隨物賦形 / 随物赋形
* 隱介藏形 / 隐介藏形
* 隱形 / 隐形 (yǐnxíng)
* 隱形塗料 / 隐形涂料
* 隱形眼鏡 / 隐形眼镜 (yǐnxíng yǎnjìng)
* 雁形目
* 雛形 / 雏形 (chúxíng)
* 雲形定規 / 云形定规
* 露原形
* 露形
* 面形
* 顯形 / 显形 (xiǎnxíng)
* 顯露原形 / 显露原形
* 馬蹄形 / 马蹄形
* 駐形 / 驻形
* 體形 / 体形 (tǐxíng)
* 鳥面鵠形 / 鸟面鹄形
* 鳩形鵠面 / 鸠形鹄面
* 鳶形 / 鸢形 (yuānxíng)
* 鵜形目 / 鹈形目
* 鵠形菜色 / 鹄形菜色
* 鵠面鳥形 / 鹄面鸟形
* 鵠面鳩形 / 鹄面鸠形
* 鶴形目 / 鹤形目
* 點檢形骸 / 点检形骸

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: hình (形)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “形”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 265.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 形 |
| Kyūjitai | 形󠄁 形+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* shape, form, style

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Kun: かた (kata, 形, Jōyō)、かたち (katachi, 形, Jōyō)、かたぎ (katagi)、なり (nari, 形)
* Nanori: ち (chi)

#### Compounds

* 形(けい)声(せい) (keisei): the phonosemantic formation of a kanji character from elements signifying meaning and elements signifying sound
* 形(けい)成(せい) (keisei): formation, shape
* 形(けい)而(じ)下(か) (keijika): physical, material
* 形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう) (keijijō): metaphysical
* 形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)学(がく) (keijijōgaku): metaphysics
* 形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) (keiyōshi): adjective
* 形(けい)容(よう)動(どう)詞(し) (keiyōdōshi): (Japanese grammar) adjectival noun, na- adjective
* 形(けい)態(たい) (keitai): shape, form
* 形(けい)態(たい)学(がく) (keitaigaku): (biology) morphology
* 形(けい)態(たい)論(ろん) (keitairon): (linguistics) morphology
* 形(けい)体(たい) (keitai): physical shape
* 形(ぎょう)相(そう) (gyōsō): a facial expression, a look
* 形(けい)相(そう) (keisō): (philosophy) the form, the eidos; the Platonic ideal
* 原(げん)形(けい)質(しつ) (genkeishitsu): protoplasm

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 形
* かた Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 型
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Probably related to 堅い / 硬い / 固い (katai, “hard”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かた [kàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠ta̠]

#### Noun

形(かた) • (kata)
* [from 720] a shape
* [from 720] a form
* [from 1007] a pattern, die, or model from which copies are made
* [from roughly 1300s] collateral for borrowed money
* [from 1775] on a coin, the side with writing on it
    Antonym: 縵面 (name)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 形
* がた Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 型
Derived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.
The standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がた [gàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɡa̠ta̠]

#### Noun

形(がた) or 形(がだ) • (gata or gada)
* [from 1820] (kabuki, theater) Short for 女形 (onnagata), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater
    Synonyms: 女形 (onnagata), お山 (oyama)

#### Suffix

形(がた) • (-gata)
* (affixed to nouns): the shape or form of the affixed noun
    渦(うず)巻(ま)き形(がた)
       uzumakigata
       a whirlpool shape
    卵(たまご)形(がた)
       tamagogata
       an egg shape
* (affixed to on'yomi nouns): a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun
    学(がく)者(しゃ)形(がた)
       gakushagata
       a scholar type
    英(えい)雄(ゆう)形(がた)
       eiyūgata
       a hero type

##### Usage notes

* For a shape, the spelling 形 is more commonly used. For a type, the spelling 型 is more commonly used.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 形
* かたち Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 容 躰
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Compound of 形 (kata, “shape, form”) +‎ ち (-chi), but the derivation of the chi element is unclear.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かたち [kàtáchí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ta̠t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

形(かたち) • (katachi)
* [from 720] shape or form
* [from late 900s] shapeliness: see 形有り (katachiari)
* [from 1688] form, as opposed to substance

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 形
* けい Grade: 2
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 形 (MC heng). Compare modern Mandarin 形 (xíng). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Suffix

形(けい) • (-kei)
* (linguistics) grammatical tense
    過(か)去(こ)形(けい)
       kakokei
       the past tense
    将(しょう)来(らい)形(けい)
       shōraikei
       the future tense
* (Japanese grammar) a conjugation form of a verb
    連(れん)用(よう)形(けい)
       ren'yōkei
       the continuative form
    命(めい)令(れい)形(けい)
       meireikei
       the imperative or command form

##### Derived terms

* 意(い)向(こう)形(けい) (ikōkei, “the volitional form”)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 形
* なり Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 態
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
From 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).
First attested as a suffix on a noun in the 曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari), of uncertain dating but probably in the late 1300s. As a suffix on a verb stem, first attested from 1927.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なり [nàríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [na̠ɾʲi]

#### Usage notes

* The most common spelling for this use is なり, for all parts of speech.

#### Noun

形(なり) • (nari)
* [from 720] the shape or form of something
* [from late 900s] one's clothing and appearance
* [from mid 1600s] one's body shape or form
* [from 1477] one's circumstances or situation
* [from 1773] one's reputation
* [from 1763] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb) indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
    人(ひと)々(びと)の言(い)うなりになった
       hitobito no iu nari ni natta
       things turned out just as people were saying
* [from 1915] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective) indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting
    寒(さむ)ければ寒(さむ)いなりの厚(あつ)着(ぎ)をする
       samukereba samui nari no atsugi o suru
       if it's cold, then put on warm clothing / if it's cold, then put on warm clothes for cold weather
* [from 1928] (following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of a verb) indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as
    Synonym: や否や (ya ina ya)
    断(ことわ)りを聞(き)くなり泣(な)き出(だ)した
       kotowari o kiku nari nakidashita
       she burst into tears as soon as she heard the rejection
    幼(よう)稚(ち)園(えん)から帰(かえ)るなり、母(はは)に抱(だ)きついてきました。
       Yōchien kara kaeru nari, haha ni dakitsuite kimashita.
       As soon as she returned from kindergarten, she clung to her mom.
* (after a verb in the past tense 〜た) ... while ...
    Synonym: 儘 (mama)
    着(き)たなり脱(ぬ)ごうとしません
       kita nari nugō to shimasen
       [it's so comfortable that] She doesn't want to take it off while wearing it

#### Suffix

形(なり) • (-nari)
* following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as
    人(ひと)々(びと)が言(い)いなりになった
       hitobito ga iinari ni natta
       things turned out just as people say
* [from 1951] following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun
    子(こ)供(ども)なりに想(そう)像(ぞう)する
       kodomo nari ni sōzō suru
       imagine in a way fitting for a child / imagine like a child (implies that the subject is a child)
    自(じ)分(ぶん)なりの判(はん)断(だん)
       jibun nari no handan
       my own kind of decision / deciding in my own way
* [from late 1300s] following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like
    弓(ゆみ)なりになる
       yumi nari ni naru
       to become bow-shaped / to become like a bow

### References

* 1 2 “形・型”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “堅い／固い／硬い／かたい”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2025, mentioning the likely overlap with kata.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “形・容”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 “形・態”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 形 (MC heng).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅧᇰ (Yale: hhyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 혀ᇰ (hyeng) (Yale: hyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [çʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [형]

### Hanja

Wikisource 形 (eumhun 모양 형 (moyang hyeong))
* hanja form of 형 (“form; shape”)

#### Compounds

* 도형 (圖形, dohyeong)
* 형상 (形象, hyeongsang)
* 형식 (形式, hyeongsik)
* 형용사 (形容詞, hyeong'yongsa)
* 형태 (形態, hyeongtae)
* 형태소 (形態素, hyeongtaeso)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

形: Hán Nôm readings: hình, hềnh
* image
* a figure or a silhouette
* (Southern Vietnam) a photo; a picture
* (geometry) a shape
* Clipping of hình học (“geometry”).