# stóll
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse stóll, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stāl- (“frame, rack, stand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stoutl/
    Rhymes: -outl

### Noun

stóll m (genitive singular stóls, nominative plural stólar)
* chair

#### Declension

$^1$Mainly in fixed expressions and compounds.

#### Derived terms

* armstóll
* hægindastóll

## Old Norse
### Pronunciation

* (12th century Icelandic) IPA: /ˈstoːlː/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“stool, chair, throne”). Cognate with Old English stōl, Old Frisian stōl, Old Saxon stōl, Old Dutch stuol, Old High German stuol, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stāl- (“frame, rack, stand”). The second meaning is a calque of Latin sēdēs (“seat”), while the third is presumably a calque of Latin thronī (“the Thrones”).

#### Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)
* a stool, chair, throne
** Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar 254, in 1835, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume X. Copenhagen, page 16:
    […] þar tvískipat eptir endilöngu, voru skipaðir XIII stólar.
    […] there along the entire length [of the king's court] were set in two thirteen chairs.
* (ecclesiastic) bishop's residence, see
** Guðmundar saga 68, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 508:
    […] ok fór hann heim til stóls sins; […]
    […] and came back to [the bishop's] see; […]
* (Christianity, in the plural) the Thrones (a class of angels)
** Old Norwegian Homily Book, in 1864, C. R. Unger, Gammel Norsk Homiliebog. Christiania, page 185, lines 11-12:
    […] þat ero englar oc hofuðenglar oc craftar, veldisenglar oc hofðingiar, drotnar oc stolar, […]
    […] there are angels and archangels and Powers, Virtues and Principalities, Dominions and Thrones, […]

##### Derived terms

* biskupsstóll (“bishop's see”)
* gullstóll (“golden chair”)
* rǫkstóll (“council seat”)
* stólbrúða, stólbrúðr (“chair-post”)
* stólkonungr (“the Greek emperor”)
* stólmaðr (“chairman”)
* stólsetning (“enthroning”)
* stólsettr (“enthroned”)

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: stóll
* Faroese: stólur
* Norn: stol, stul, støl
* Norwegian Bokmål: stol
* Norwegian Nynorsk: stol
* Old Swedish: stōl
** Swedish: stol
** → Finnish: tuoli
** → Ingrian: stooli
* Danish: stol
* Gutnish: stol, stul

### Etymology 2

Presumably from Old East Slavic столъ (stolŭ, “table”).

#### Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)
* a table for eating and drinking
** Bósa saga ok Herrauðs 12, in 1830, C. C. Rafn, Fornaldar sögur Nordrlanda, Volume III. Copenhagen, page 223:
    […] hann tók borðbúnað af stólnum, ok kastaði upp í sængina, […]
    […] he took the dishes from the table and threw them up in the bed sheets, […]

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Ultimately from Ancient Greek στόλος (stólos, “army, fleet, troop”).

#### Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)
* (especially in compounds) a stock (especially of weapons and ships), host, fleet
** Sverris saga 71, in 1834, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VIII, Copenhagen, page 177:
    Í þenna tíma hafði Magnús konúngr einn allan skipastólinn, […]At that time king Magnus alone owned the entire fleet of ships, […]

##### Derived terms

* hǫfuðstóll (“funds, stock”)
* skipastóll (“fleet”)

### Further reading

* Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “stóll”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 596
* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “stóll”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 410; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/410 Internet Archive]