# 算盤
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): suànpán
       (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄆㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan$^4$ pan$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): suānpan
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): суанпан (suanpan, III-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun$^3$ pun$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soen$^3$ pun$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon$^1$ pon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): son$^4$ pon
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): son-phàn
    (Hailu, HRS): son$^ˇ$ pan
    (Meixian, Guangdong): son$^4$ pan$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): suan$^3$ pan$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sáung-buàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sua$^4$ bua$^2$ / suaⁿ$^4$ buaⁿ$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sǹg-pôaⁿ / sùiⁿ-pôaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): seng$^3$ buan$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slun$^3$ bun$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$soe-boe$_6$ / $^5$soe-bie$_2$ / $^5$soe-boe$_2$ / $^5$suon-buon$_2$ / $^5$soe-bun$_2$
** (Jinhua): $^5$soe-boe$_2$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn$^4$ bonn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suànpán → suànpan (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄆㄢˊ → ㄙㄨㄢˋ ˙ㄆㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suànpån
*** Wade–Giles: suan$^4$-pʻan$^5$
*** Yale: swàn-pan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann.parn
*** Palladius: суаньпань (suanʹpanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/ → /su̯än⁵¹ pʰän¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: suan$^4$ pan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suanpan
*** Sinological IPA : /suan²¹³ pʰan²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: suānpan
*** Sinological IPA : /suã⁵⁵ pʰã/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: суанпан (suanpan, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /suæ̃⁴⁴ pʰæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^3$ pun$^4$
*** Yale: syun pùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^3$ pun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^3$ pun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn³³ pʰuːn²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: soen$^3$ pun$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /søn³² pʰun²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhon$^1$ pon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬᵘɔn³³ pʰᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: son$^4$ pon
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn³⁵ pʰɵn²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son-phàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: son pan$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: son$^4$ pan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /son⁵⁵ pʰan¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: son$^ˇ$ pan
*** Sinological IPA: /son¹¹ pʰan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: son$^4$ pan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰan¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: suan$^3$ pan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃⁴⁵ pʰæ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung-buàng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$muaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sua$^4$ bua$^2$ [Phonetic: sua$^4$ mua$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬua⁴² $^{(p-)}$mua¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suaⁿ$^4$ buaⁿ$^2$ [Phonetic: suaⁿ$^1$ mua$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬũã⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$mua¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǹg-pôaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sǹg-puânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngrpvoaa
*** IPA (Singapore): /sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴² puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /sŋ̍³¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /sŋ̍¹²⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ puã²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Tainan): /sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùiⁿ-pôaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suìnn-puânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svuie'pvoaa
*** IPA (Singapore): /suĩ²¹⁻⁴² puã²⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /suĩ²¹⁻³³ puã²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ²¹⁻⁵³ puã¹³/
*** IPA (Yilan): /suĩ²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: seng$^3$ buan$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ̀ng puâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pũã⁵⁵/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: slun$^3$ bun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬun⁵⁵ pun²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$soe-boe$_6$
*** MiniDict: soe$^去$ boe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$soe-boe$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø³³ bø⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^5$soe-bie$_2$
*** MiniDict: soe$^去$ bie$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /sø⁴² bie⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$soe-boe$_2$
*** MiniDict: soe$^去$ boe$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sø⁵² bø³³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$suon-buon$_2$
*** MiniDict: suon$^去$ buon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /szʷõ³⁴ buõ⁵³/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^5$soe-bun$_2$
*** MiniDict: soe$^去$ bun$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /sø⁵⁵ bũ³³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^5$soe-boe$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /sɤ³³ bɤ¹⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sonn$^4$ bonn$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sõ⁴⁵ põ¹³/

### Noun

算盤
* (mathematics) abacus (Classifier: 把 m; 個／个 m c mn; 支 mn)
* (figurative) plan; plan of action; master plan

#### Synonyms

* (abacus):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 算盤, 算盤兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 算盤兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 算盤兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 算盤兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 算盤兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 算盤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 算盤兒, 算盤子, 算子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 算盤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 算盤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 算盤兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 算盤兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 算盤兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 算盤子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 算盤兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 算盤子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 盤子, 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 算盤子, 盤子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 算盤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 算盤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 算盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 算盤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 算盤 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 算盤 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 算盤 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 算盤 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 算盤子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 算盤 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 算盤 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 算盤 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 算盤 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 算盤 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 算盤 |
| Jin | Datong | 算盤 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 算盤子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 算盤子 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 算盤 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 算盤 |
| Jin | Linhe | 算盤子, 算盤 |
| Jin | Jining | 算盤 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 算盤子, 算盤 |
| Jin | Baotou | 算盤 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 算盤 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 算盤兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 算盤 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 算盤 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 算盤 |
| Jin | Handan | 算盤 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 算盤 |
| Jin | Suide | 算盤兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 算盤 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 算盤 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 算盤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 數盤 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 算盤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 算盤 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 算盤 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 算盤 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 算盤 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 算盤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 算盤 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 算盤 |
| Wu | Danyang | 算盤 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 算盤 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 算盤 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 算盤 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 算盤 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 算盤, 算盤子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 算划子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 算盤子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 算盤 |

#### Derived terms

* 如意算盤 / 如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
* 小算盤 / 小算盘
* 打大算盤 / 打大算盘
* 打如意算盤 / 打如意算盘
* 打小算盤 / 打小算盘
* 打打算盤 / 打打算盘
* 打算盤 / 打算盘 (dǎ suànpán)
* 打細算盤 / 打细算盘
* 打鐵算盤 / 打铁算盘
* 撥算盤 / 拨算盘
* 沒算盤 / 没算盘
* 算盤子 / 算盘子 (suànpánzǐ)
* 算盤子兒 / 算盘子儿 (suànpánzǐr)
* 算盤珠 / 算盘珠 (suànpánzhū)
* 算盤珠子 / 算盘珠子
* 鐵算盤 / 铁算盘
* 鬼算盤 / 鬼算盘

#### Descendants

* → Bouyei: suansbaanz, suansbeanz
* → English: suanpan
* → Hlai: duixbhuas
* → Japanese: 算盤(そろばん) (soroban)
* → Malay: sempoa, sepua, cepua, suipoa
* → Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠸᠠᠨᠫᠠᠨ (suwanpan) / сампин (sampin)
* → Zhuang: suenqbuenz

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 算 | 盤 |
| そろ Grade: 2 | ばん Grade: S |
| irregular | goon |
* Alternative spellings
* 十露盤 曾呂盤 珠盤 揃盤 三羅盤 (possibly read as saraban)
Japanese sources consistently describe the abacus itself as being imported to Japan from China some time during the Muromachi period (1336–1573), although there is some disagreement as to whether this happened early in the period, or late.
First attested with the reading soroban in the 1595 trilingual Latin-Portuguese-Japanese dictionary Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, Ac Iaponicum, also 羅葡日対訳辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Taiyaku Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Translation Dictionary”) based on work originally by Ambrogio Calepino, corroborated in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.
Japanese sources generally describe the soroban reading as a shift or corruption from the reading swanpan, the 唐音 (tōon, literally "Tang sound", referring to the Chinese-derived kanji readings that were borrowed into Japanese during the Tang dynasty or later) for the kanji spelling. However, this is problematic on phonological grounds:
* There is no known phonological process whereby swan would become soro in Japanese.
* Middle Chinese swan consistently became Japanese san in all other known instances of the Chinese reading swan for any kanji character.
* The character 算 appearing as the first character in 算盤 (soroban) is also read as san, and san is similarly listed as a synonym for soroban in the 1595 dictionary entry.
An alternative, albeit speculative, explanation is that this soro- is some other morpheme unrelated to the Chinese. If so, this might be native root soro-, as seen in adverb そろそろ (sorosoro, “quietly and calmly”), そろり (sorori) and そろっと (sorotto, “quietly and smoothly; slidingly, glidingly”), verb 揃う (sorou, “to be in alignment; to be in order; to match, to go together”).
Notably, this term appears historically with the alternative kanji spelling 三羅盤. Given the expected Japanese readings of these characters, this may have been read as saraban. Root sara- -- and also root suru- -- also appear in various terms related to senses of smooth, gliding, sliding.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そろばん [sòróbáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ɾo̞bã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

算(そろ)盤(ばん) • (soroban)
* [from 1595] (mathematics) an abacus
    手(て)を算盤(そろばん)として六進法(ろくしんほう)で計算(けいさん)する
       te o soroban to shite roku-shinhō de keisan suru
       calculate in base-6 using one's hands as an abacus

##### Derived terms

* 算盤占(そろばんうらな)い (soroban'uranai)
* 算盤(そろばん)が合(あ)う (soroban ga au)
* 算盤(そろばん)が持(も)てない (soroban ga motenai)
* 算盤勘定(そろばんかんじょう) (sorobankanjō)
* 算盤木(そろばんぎ) (sorobangi)
* 算盤桟手(そろばんさで) (sorobansade)
* 算盤絞(そろばんしぼ)り (sorobanshibori)
* 算盤尽(そろばんず)く (sorobanzuku)
* 算盤責(そろばんぜ)め (sorobanzeme)
* 算盤高(そろばんだか)い (sorobandakai)
* 算盤玉(そろばんだま) (sorobandama)
* 算盤(そろばん)の玉(たま)はずれ (soroban no tama wa zure)
* 算盤(そろばん)を置(お)く (soroban o oku)
* 算盤(そろばん)を弾(はじ)く (soroban o hajiku)
* 算盤(そろばん)を枕(まくら)にする (soroban o makura ni suru)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 算 | 盤 |
| さん Grade: 2 | ばん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | goon |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 算盤 (MC swanX ban, “abacus”, literally “calculation + board, grid”). Compare modern Min Nan reading sǹg-pôaⁿ, Mandarin suànpán.
Japanese sources consistently describe the abacus itself as being imported to Japan from China some time during the Muromachi period (1336–1573), although there is some disagreement as to whether this happened early in the period, or late.
First attested with the reading sanban to a text from 1688.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さんばん [sàńbáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sã̠mbã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

算(さん)盤(ばん) • (sanban)
* [from 1688] (mathematics) a kind of grid used in 和算 (wasan, “traditional Japanese mathematics”) to calculate higher-order functions
* [from 1717] (mathematics) an abacus

### References

* 1 2 “そろばん”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
* 1 2 3 4 5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 “算盤”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 1595, Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, Ac Iaponicum (in Latin, Portuguese, and Japanese), 1979 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text visible online in the Abáculus entry here
* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text visible online here, two entries above the highlighted term
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN