# oni
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 鬼 (oni).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoʊniː]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -iː

### Noun

oni (plural onis or oni)
* A Japanese evil spirit or demon.
** 1908, Henri L. Joly, Legend in Japanese Art: A Description of Historical Episodes, Legendary Characters, Folk-lore, Myths, Religious Symbolism, Illustrated in the Arts of Old Japan, pages 263–264:ONI 鬼. Generic name for devils, the representation of which in art is quite a common feature. Onis have claws, a square head with two horns, sharp teeth, and malignant eyes surmounted by big eyebrows; occasionally they wear trousers of tiger skin.
** 1918, William Elliot Griffis, Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks‎:Across the ocean, in Japan, there once lived curious creatures called Onis. Every Japanese boy and girl has heard of them, though one has not often been caught.
** 1979, Marian Ury, Tales of Times Now Past: Sixty-Two Stories from a Medieval Japanese Collection, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 147:"That's no human being playing the instrument," he thought in amazement. "It can only be an oni or some such being."
** 1992, Karl M. Schwarz, Netsuke Subjects: A Study on the Netsuke Themes with Reference to Their Interpretation and Symbolism, Böhlau Verlag Wien, →ISBN, page 46:The standing Shoki holds with his left hand an oni on his leg.
** 2005, Christopher Hart, Manga Mania Shoujo: How to Draw the Charming and Romantic Characters of Japanese Comics, →ISBN, page 69:This is actually a boy bishie in the form of an ogre. It's called an oni in Japanese. Onis have supernatural powers that can command the forces of nature such as wind (to create hurricanes) and lightning (to create thunderbolts).
** 2011, Mike Shel, “Ecology of the Oni”, in Jade Regent: The Brinewall Legacy, Paizo Publishing, →ISBN, page 69:The oni are a diverse group of evil spirits who take on the form of humanoid creatures so that they can enjoy the pleasures and vices of the flesh.

### Anagrams

* NOI, ion, Ino, Ion, -ion, NIO, -ino

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech oni, from Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoɲɪ]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

oni m anim pl
* they (third person personal masculine animate plural)

#### Declension

$^1$After a preposition.

#### Derived terms

* onikat

#### Related terms
### Pronoun

oni
* nominative animate masculine plural of onen

## Dupaningan Agta
### Interjection

oni
* yes

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French on, ultimately from Latin homō (“human being; man”). English one is not etymologically related to on, but its use as an indefinite personal pronoun was influenced by French. Doublet of homo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoni]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oni
* Hyphenation: o‧ni

### Pronoun

oni (accusative onin, possessive onia)
* (indefinite personal pronoun) one
    Oni povas vidi ĝin. ― One can see it.
* (indefinite pronoun, vague meaning) they (some people, people in general)
    Oni diras, ke Norvegio estas bonega loko por loĝi. ― They say Norway is a great place to live.

#### Usage notes

* Comparable to the use of generic "you" in English (e.g. In America, you can do what you want).
* A sentence whose subject is "oni" can often be translated as an English sentence in the passive voice, for example: "Oni ofte referencas al Kimrio kiel la 'lando de la kanto.'" can be translated as "Wales is often referred to as the 'land of song.'"
* Although the accusative onin and the possessive onia are possible, they are far less frequent than oni itself. Correlatives such as iun (“someone (accusative)”) or ies (“someone's”) are often more natural in contexts where onin or onia might make sense: "one's mother tongue" will usually be rendered ies gepatra lingvo rather than onia gepatra lingvo, though the latter would still be correct. Note that where the subject of a clause is oni, anything that oni possesses in that clause will take the reflexive possessive sia, not onia: Oni plej nature pensas en sia gepatra lingvo (one thinks most naturally in one's mother tongue).

#### Descendants

* → Ido: onu

### See also
## Guinau
### Noun

oni
* water

### References

* Alfred Russel Wallace, A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro
* Proceedings [of the] Philological Society, London, Volume 3

## Isoko
### Noun

oni (plural ini)
* mother

## Japanese
### Romanization

oni
* Rōmaji transcription of おに

## Lindu
### Noun

oni
* noise

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈoɲi/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈoɲi/

### Pronoun

oni m pl (third person)
* they (masculine plural)

#### Descendants

* Czech: oni

### Pronoun

oni
* nominative masculine plural of onen

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish oni. The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic *ji.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.ɲi/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲi
* Syllabification: o‧ni

### Pronoun

oni vir
* they (third-person masculine personal nominative)

#### Declension
### See also

* one
* Appendix:Polish pronouns

### Further reading

* oni in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǒni/
* Hyphenation: o‧ni

### Pronoun

òni (Cyrillic spelling о̀ни)
* they (nominative plural of ȏn (“he”))

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔɲi]

### Pronoun

oni
* masculine animate nominative plural of on (“they”)

#### Related terms
### Further reading

* “oni”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *oni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̀ːni/

### Pronoun

óni
* they (masculine plural, more than two)

#### Inflection

Forms between parentheses indicate clitic forms; the main forms are used for emphasis.

### See also
## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English honey.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈo.ni/

### Noun

oni
* honey
* honey bee, Apis mellifera
    Synonym: onifrei
* stingless bee
    Synonym: onifrei

## Volapük
### Pronoun

oni
* accusative singular of on
** 1937, “Nuns”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 47:Utans, kels vilons kopiedön lisedi at, kanons loenön oni de redakan balid Vpagaseda at.Those who wish to make a copy of this list may borrow it from the first editor of this journal.

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* onid (used before a vowel)
* on' (colloquial, before a consonant), on'd (colloquial, before a vowel)

### Etymology

o (“if”) +‎ ni (“not”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔni/

### Conjunction

oni (triggers mixed mutation except of forms of bod)
* unless
    oni lwydda ― unless he succeeds
    Oni bai fe yma, bydden ni wedi gwybod.Unless he were here, we would have known.
* until
    oni ddaw fe ― until he comes

#### Synonyms

* (until): nes, hyd oni

### Particle

oni (triggers mixed mutation)
* used to introduce a negative question
    Oni fuom yn proffwydo yn dy enw di?Did we not prophesy in thy name?
* (colloquial) used to form a tag question
    Byddwch chi yma, oni fyddwch chi?You'll be there, won't you?

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* èní (Lagos)

### Etymology

Cognate with Olukumi òní, Ifè òní, and likely cognate with Igala èñíni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ò.nĩ́/

### Noun

òní
* today
    Òní ni ọjọ́-ìbí mi.Today is my birthday.
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Òní l'a rí, ọba òkè l'ó rọ́la.It is [only] today that we see, [only] the Most High sees tomorrow (proverb on divine supremacy)

#### Synonyms

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - òní (“today”) :
| view map; ||||||
| Language Family | Variety Group | Variety/Language | Subdialect | Location | Words |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Eastern Àkókó | Ọ̀bà | Ọ̀bà Àkókó | òní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú Òde | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ẹ̀pẹ́ | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ìkòròdú | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ṣágámù | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀) | Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀) | Òkìtìpupa | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ) | Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ) | Mahin | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Oǹdó | Oǹdó | Oǹdó | èní |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìwẹrẹ | ònùwé |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Ugbódù | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Èkìtì | Àdó Èkìtì | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Èkìtì | Òdè Èkìtì | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Èkìtì | Ìfàkì Èkìtì | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Àkúrẹ́ | Àkúrẹ́ | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Mọ̀bà | Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Òkè Igbó | Òkè Igbó | Òkè Igbó | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Àwórì | Àwórì | Èbúté Mẹ́tà | èní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Èkó | Èkó | Èkó | èní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìbàdàn | Ìbàdàn | Ìbàdàn | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìbàràpá | Ìbàràpá | Igbó Òrà | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìbọ̀lọ́ | Ìbọ̀lọ́ | Òṣogbo (Òsogbo) | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìlọrin | Ìlọrin | Ìlọrin | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òtù | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìwéré Ilé | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òkèhò | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìsẹ́yìn | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ṣakí | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Tedé | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìgbẹ́tì | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Nàìjíríà | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Bɛ̀nɛ̀ | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northeast Yoruba/Okun | Owé | Owé | Kabba | ònì |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú) | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Tchaourou | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ìdàácà | Benin | Igbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀) | òní |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Akpáré | òní, nɔ́mbɛ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Atakpamɛ | òní, nɔ́mbɛ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti) | òní, nɔ́mbɛ́ |
| Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo. ||||||

#### Coordinate terms

Dates relative to today in Yoruba (layout · text) :
| | –3 | –2 | –1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 |
| direct speech | three days ago | two days ago | yesterday | today | tomorrow | in two days | in three days |
| direct speech | ìjẹrin | ìjẹta | àná | òní, èní | ọ̀la | ọ̀túnla | ọjọ́ mẹ́rin òní |
| reported speech | three days before, three days earlier | two days before, two days earlier | the day before | on that day | the next day | two days later | three days later |
| reported speech | ọjọ́ mẹ́ta sẹ́yìn | ọjọ́ méjì sẹ́yìn | ọjọ́ kan sẹ́yìn | ọjọ́ yìí | ọjọ́ tó ń bọ̀, ọjọ́ kejì | ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn, ọjọ́ kẹta | ọjọ́ mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn, ọjọ́ kẹrin |

#### Derived terms

* lónìí (“today”)
* lóòní (“today”)
* àtànámónìí (“combination of today and yesterday”)
* òde-òní (“modern, contemporary time”)
* Òní (“a child who cries non-stop until its naming ceremony”)

### References

* Awoyale, Yiwola (2008 December 19) Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, volume LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN
* Salem Ǒchála È̩jè̩bá (2016) A Grammar of Ígálâ, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN), M & J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd., →ISBN
* SIL International (2016) Dictionnaire Ifè‎ (in French)