# स्फुट्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* स्फट् (sphaṭ), स्फोट् (sphoṭ)

### Alternative scripts

* স্ফুট্ (Assamese script)
* ᬲ᭄ᬨᬸᬝ᭄ (Balinese script)
* স্ফুট্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰲𑰘𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑀼𑀝𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* သ္ဖုဋ် (Burmese script)
* સ્ફુટ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ੍ਫੁਟ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑍁𑌟𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦱ꧀ꦦꦸꦛ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂳𑂗𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಸ್ಫುಟ್ (Kannada script)
* ស្ផុដ៑ (Khmer script)
* ສ຺ຜຸຏ຺ (Lao script)
* സ്ഫുട് (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᡦᡠᢞ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘳𑘘𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠹᠤᢌ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑧔𑦸𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑐸𑐚𑑂 (Newa script)
* ସ୍ଫୁଟ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢱ꣄ꢧꢸꢜ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆶𑆛𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖲𑖘𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ස‍්ඵුට් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩒𑩦 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚰𑚔𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஸ்பு²ட் (Tamil script)
* స్ఫుట్ (Telugu script)
* สฺผุฏฺ (Thai script)
* སྥུ་ཊ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒳𑒙𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨃𑨔𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan, whence Pali phuṭita (“burst open”) and Prakrit 𑀨𑀼𑀟𑀇 (phuḍaï, “bursts open”), from an older unattested root *स्फॢत् (sphḷt) or *फॢत् (phḷt), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- with a -t- enlargement. Compare फल (phala), though a Dravidian etymology is also proposed for that term. Compare Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), and English split. It is also possible that this root is related to फल् (phal, “to burst, cleave open”) instead, or is of onomatopoeic origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /spʰuʈ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪pʰuʈ/

### Root

स्फुट् • (sphuṭ)
* to burst, become suddenly rent asunder, split open (with a sound, part asunder
* to expand, blossom, bloom
* to disperse, run away
* to crack (as the joints of the fingers)
* to crackle (as fire)
* to burst into view, appear suddenly
* to abate (as a disease)
* to make clear or evident
* to burst or rend suddenly, break, split, divide
* to put out (eyes)
* to shake, wag, brandish
* to push aside (a bolt)
* to hurt, destroy, kill
* to winnow

#### Derived terms

* स्फुटति (sphuṭáti)
* स्फोटति (sphóṭati)
* स्फुट (sphuṭá)
* स्फोट (sphoṭa)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “स्फुट्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1270/2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 197
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्फुट्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 778-9
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 543
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्फुट्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 375
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0986”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0986