# 嘆

| 嘆 | U+5606, &#22022; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5606 |
| ← 嘅 [U+5605] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嘇 → [U+5607] |
| 嘆 | U+FA37, &#64055; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA37 |
| ← 喝 [U+FA36] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 器 → [U+FA38] |
| 嘆 | U+2F84C, &#194636; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C |
| ← 圖 [U+2F84B] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 圗 → [U+2F84D] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 嘆 |
| Simplified | 叹 |
| Traditional | 嘆 |

### Alternative forms

* In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm, the component for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天.
* In Japanese shinjitai, the component is written either with ⺾ (3 strokes) on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
* In Simplified Chinese, the component is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 叹 (U+53F9).
* Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA37 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+2F84C is an alternative form used in Taiwan and North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai but the top right component is written ⺿ (4 strokes) instead of ⺾ (3 strokes).

### Han character

嘆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11 in Chinese, 口+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口廿中人 (RTLO) or 口廿日人 (RTAO), four-corner 6403$_4$, composition ⿰口⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA37) or ⿰口𦰩(J or U+2F84C))

#### Derived characters

* 𫛗

#### Related characters

* 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
* 歎 (Orthodox form in Hong Kong; Variant traditional form of 嘆 in Mainland China)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 205, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4138
* Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 673, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5606
* Unihan data for U+FA37
* Unihan data for U+2F84C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 嘆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 儺 | *naːl |
| 臡 | *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl |
| 嘆 | *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns |
| 灘 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 擹 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 攤 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns |
| 癱 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 歎 | *n̥ʰaːns |
| 難 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns |
| 暵 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 熯 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ |
| 漢 | *hnaːns |
| 戁 | *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tàn (tan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): than
* Eastern Min (BUC): táng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): taan$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^3$
*** Yale: taan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: táng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn
*** Tâi-lô: thàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰan¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thàng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ²¹³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: taan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰan⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰan⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: than, thanH
Rime :
| Character | 嘆 | 嘆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 他干切 | 他旦切 |
| Baxter | than | thanH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰan/ | /tʰan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑn/ | /tʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tān | tàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^1$ | taan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn/, /*n̥ʰaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 嘆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ than$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ˁar-s/ |
| English | sigh |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嘆 | 嘆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4890 | 4895 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 | 暵 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 灘 | 炭 |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ʰaːn/ | /*n̥ʰaːns/ |

### Definitions

嘆
* to sigh
    一聲長嘆／一声长叹 ― yīshēng chángtàn ― to heave a deep sigh
       Tā shēnshēn de tàn le yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
       He let out a deep sigh.
* (literary or in compounds) to chant
* (literary or in compounds) to praise; to exclaim in admiration
    嘆服／叹服 ― tànfú ― to gasp in admiration
    嘆為觀止／叹为观止 ― tànwèiguānzhǐ ― to gasp in amazement
* (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).
* (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua) to enjoy
    嘆世界／叹世界 [Cantonese] ― taan$^3$ sai$^3$ gaai$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to enjoy life
    嘆冷氣／叹冷气 [Cantonese] ― taan$^3$ laang$^5$ hei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to enjoy air conditioning

#### Usage notes

嘆 is considered a variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong.

#### Synonyms

* (to sigh):
* nan-hbl+nan-tws:喘氣 / nan-hbl+nan-tws:喘气
* 吐氣 / 吐气 (Hokkien)
* 呻氣 / 呻气 (san$^3$ hi$^3$) (Southern Pinghua)
* 咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
* 嘆息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
* 嘆氣 / 叹气 (tànqì)
* 太息 (tàixī) (literary)
* 打咳聲 / 打咳声 (Harbin)
* (to chant):
* 低吟 (dīyín)
* 吟唱 (yínchàng)
* 吟詠 / 吟咏 (yínyǒng)
* 吟誦 / 吟诵 (yínsòng)
* 呻吟 (shēnyín) (literary)
* 哦 (é) (literary)
* 唱誦 / 唱诵 (chàngsòng)
* 詠嘆 / 咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
* 誦讀 / 诵读 (sòngdú)
* (to praise):
* 名目 (míngmù) (Classical Chinese)
* 吹噓 / 吹嘘 (chuīxū)
* 吹捧 (chuīpěng)
* 呵咾 (Hokkien)
* 咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
* 嘉勉 (jiāmiǎn) (formal, to praise and encourage)
* 嘆美 / 叹美 (tànměi) (literary)
* 嘉許 / 嘉许 (jiāxǔ)
* 嘆賞 / 叹赏 (tànshǎng)
* 捧 (pěng)
* 揄揚 / 揄扬 (yúyáng) (literary)
* 禮讚 / 礼赞 (lǐzàn)
* 稱嘆 / 称叹 (chēngtàn)
* 稱揚 / 称扬 (chēngyáng)
* 稱美 / 称美 (chēngměi) (literary)
* 稱許 / 称许 (chēngxǔ)
* 稱謂 / 称谓 (chēngwèi) (literary)
* 稱譽 / 称誉 (chēngyù) (formal)
* 稱讚 / 称赞 (chēngzàn)
* 稱賞 / 称赏 (chēngshǎng) (formal)
* 稱道 / 称道 (chēngdào)
* 稱頌 / 称颂 (chēngsòng)
* 表彰 (biǎozhāng)
* 表揚 / 表扬 (biǎoyáng)
* 褒揚 / 褒扬 (bāoyáng)
* 誇 / 夸 (kuā)
* 誇獎 / 夸奖 (kuājiǎng)
* 讚嘆 / 赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 讚揚 / 赞扬 (zànyáng)
* 讚美 / 赞美 (zànměi)
* 讚許 / 赞许 (zànxǔ)
* 讚頌 / 赞颂 (zànsòng)
* 賞 / 赏 (shǎng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 頌讚 / 颂赞 (sòngzàn)
* 顯揚 / 显扬 (xiǎnyáng) (literary)

### Compounds

* 付之一嘆 / 付之一叹
* 仰屋興嘆 / 仰屋兴叹
* 可嘆 / 可叹 (kětàn)
* 咳聲嘆息 / 咳声叹息
* 唉聲嘆氣 / 唉声叹气 (āishēngtànqì)
* 喟嘆 / 喟叹
* 喟然而嘆 / 喟然而叹
* 嗟嘆 / 嗟叹 (jiētàn)
* 嘖嘖讚嘆 / 啧啧赞叹
* 嘆息 / 叹息 (tànxī)
* 嘆服 / 叹服 (tànfú)
* 嘆氣 / 叹气 (tànqì)
* 嘆為觀止 / 叹为观止 (tànwéiguānzhǐ)
* 嘆美 / 叹美 (tànměi)
* 嘆詞 / 叹词 (tàncí)
* 對天長嘆 / 对天长叹
* 廣武嘆 / 广武叹
* 廢然長嘆 / 废然长叹
* 怨嘆 / 怨叹 (oàn-thàn)
* 惋嘆 / 惋叹
* 悲嘆 / 悲叹 (bēitàn)
* 慨嘆 / 慨叹 (kǎitàn)
* 感嘆 / 感叹 (gǎntàn)
* 感嘆句 / 感叹句
* 感嘆詞 / 感叹词 (gǎntàncí)
* 拍桌驚嘆 / 拍桌惊叹
* 搖頭嘆息 / 摇头叹息
* 望洋驚嘆 / 望洋惊叹
* 短嘆長吁 / 短叹长吁
* 自嗟自嘆 / 自嗟自叹
* 自嘆不如 / 自叹不如
* 興嘆 / 兴叹 (xīngtàn)
* 芝焚蕙嘆 / 芝焚蕙叹
* 詠嘆 / 咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
* 詠嘆調 / 咏叹调 (yǒngtàndiào)
* 讚嘆 / 赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 長吁短嘆 / 长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)
* 長嘆 / 长叹 (chángtàn)
* 驚嘆 / 惊叹 (jīngtàn)
* 驚嘆號 / 惊叹号 (jīngtànhào)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 嘆 |
| Kyūjitai | 嘆 &#xFA37; or 嘆+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 嘆󠄀 嘆+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 嘆󠄃 嘆+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嘆)
* to sigh
* to lament
* to moan
* to grieve

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kun: なげく (nageku, 嘆く, Jōyō)、なげかわしい (nagekawashii, 嘆かわしい, Jōyō)、なげかう (nagekau, 嘆かう)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 嘆
* たん Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 嘆 (kyūjitai) 歎
From Middle Chinese 嘆 (MC than|thanH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たん [táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [tã̠ɴ]

### Noun

嘆(たん) • (tan)
* sigh

#### Derived terms

* 嘆(たん)願(がん) (tangan)
* 嘆(たん)息(そく) (tansoku)
* 感(かん)嘆(たん) (kantan)
* 驚(きょう)嘆(たん) (kyōtan)
* 三(さん)嘆(たん) (santan)
* 悲(ひ)嘆(たん) (hitan)

### References

* ↑ “嘆”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

Wikisource 嘆 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
* Alternative form of 歎 (“hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)”)

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 45.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết)), than
嘆: Nôm readings: than, han, thán, thăn, hớn, hen, thơn
* Nôm form of than (“to complain”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 3 4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).