# パン
## Ainu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese パン, from Portuguese pão (“bread”), from Latin pānem, accusative singular form of pānis (“bread”). Compare French pain, Italian pane, Romanian pâine, Spanish pan.

### Noun

パン • (pan)
* bread

### References

* John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) パン [páꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [pã̠ɴ]

### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 麵麭 (rare) 麺麭 (rare) 麺𮮆 (rare) 麺包 (rare) 麪包 (rare)
From Portuguese pão (“bread”), from Latin pānem, accusative singular form of pānis (“bread”). Compare French pain, Italian pane, Romanian pâine, Spanish pan.

#### Noun

パン • (pan)
* bread, pastries, any baked good with a crust (a type of food)

##### Usage notes

* The kanji spellings 麺麭, 麺包, and 麪包 are examples of jukujikun. Use of these spellings is extremely rare in modern Japanese.
* While usually translated as 'bread', the term also covers a wide variety of baked goods that would not be called bread in English. This includes bread-like sweets like brioche, filled puff pastries and similar items, as well as various Asian steamed dough dumplings.

##### Derived terms

* パン屑(くず) (pankuzu): crumbs, breadcrumbs
* パン粉(こ) (panko): dry breadcrumbs
* パン屋(や) (pan'ya): a bakery; a baker
* フランスパン (Furansu pan): French bread
* 食(しょく)パン (shokupan): pullman loaf, sandwich loaf, pain de mie, a loaf or a slice
* あんパン (anpan)

##### Descendants

* → Ainu: パン (pan)
* → Amis: epang
* → Bunun: paang
* → Hakka: 麭 / 𮮆 (pháng)
* → Korean: 빵 (ppang)
* → Min Nan: 麭 / 𮮆 (pháng)
* → Paiwan: pang
* → Rukai: pange
* → Saaroa: pangʉ

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English pan.

#### Noun

パン • (pan)
* (cooking) a pan (flat vessel used for cooking)
* (cinematography) a pan shot (a film shot where the camera is turned horizontally)

##### Derived terms

* フライパン (furai pan): a fry pan, a frying pan
* ソースパン (sōsu pan): a saucepan

#### Verb

パンする • (pan suru) suru (stem パンし (pan shi), past パンした (pan shita))
* to pan (to turn a camera horizontally)

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | パンし | pan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | パンし | pan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | パンする | pan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | パンする | pan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | パンすれ | pan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | パンせよ¹ パンしろ² | pan seyo¹ pan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | パンされる | pan sareru |
| Causative | パンさせる パンさす | pan saseru pan sasu |
| Potential | パンできる | pan dekiru |
| Volitional | パンしよう | pan shiyō |
| Negative | パンしない | pan shinai |
| Negative continuative | パンせず | pan sezu |
| Formal | パンします | pan shimasu |
| Perfective | パンした | pan shita |
| Conjunctive | パンして | pan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | パンすれば | pan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 3

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πάν (Pán). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

パン • (Pan)
* (Greek mythology) Pan
* (astronomy) Pan

##### Derived terms

* パンパイプ (panpaipu, “panpipes”)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN