# incendo
## Latin
### Etymology

From in- (“in”) +‎ *cendō < candeō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /inˈken.doː/, [ɪŋˈkɛn̪d̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /inˈt͡ʃen.do/, [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛn̪d̪o]

### Verb

incendō (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation
* (transitive) to set on fire, burn, kindle
    Synonyms: ūrō, īnflammō, flammō, cōnflagrō, flagrō, accendō, ārdeō, cremō, adoleō
** c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.264:hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odoresThen I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum
* (transitive) to heat, make hot, scorch
* (transitive) to light up with fire, make a fire upon
* (transitive) to make bright or shining, light up, brighten; adorn
    Synonyms: lūstrō, clārō
* (transitive, figuratively) to set on fire, inflame, excite, rouse, incite; incense, irritate
    Synonyms: excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, stimulō, percieō, concieō, cieō, concitō, urgeō, impellō, īnflammō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, sollicitō, ērigō
    Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, plācō, restinguō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.196–197:Prōtinus ad rēgem cursus dētorquet Iarbān, incenditque animum dictīs atque aggerat īrās.At once [Rumor] turns her course to King Iarbas, and she inflames his passion with her tales and swells his wrath.
* (transitive, figuratively) to enhance, raise, intensify
    Synonyms: ērigō, augeō
* (transitive, figuratively) to ruin, destroy, lay waste
    Synonyms: ruīnō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, aboleō, occīdō, prōflīgō, dēstruō, exscindō, impellō, accīdō, tollō, dīruō, sepeliō, populor, interimō, perimō, trucīdō

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

#### Derived terms

* incendefaciō
* incendium
* incēnsiō
* incēnsor
* incēnsum
* incēnsus
* superincendō

#### Related terms

* incendiālis
* incendiārius
* incendiōsus

#### Descendants

* Asturian: encender
* Catalan: encendre
* English: incense, incendiary
* Italian: incendere, incendiare
* Occitan: encénder, encendre
* Portuguese: encender, encandear, incendiar, incender
* Romanian: încinge, încinde
* Spanish: encender, incendiar.

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-cendō, -ere (> Derivatives > incendere)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-7

### Further reading

* “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* incendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere to become furious: furore inflammari, incendi to fire a town: oppidum incendere