# fallo
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fallo.

### Noun

fallo (usually uncountable, plural fallos)
* (Philippines, law) The dispositive portion of a court's ruling, coming at the end of the ruling.

### References

* ↑ Philippine Law Dictionary‎, Rex Bookstore Inc., 1988, →ISBN, page 361

### Anagrams

* all of, of all

## Catalan
### Verb

fallo
* first-person singular present indicative of fallar

## Galician
### Etymology

Back-formation from fallar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfaɟo/ [ˈfa̠.ɟʊ]
* Rhymes: -aɟo
* Hyphenation: fa‧llo

### Noun

fallo m (plural fallos)
* defect; fail

#### Derived terms

* non hai fallo (“without fail; no problem”)

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fallo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fallo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfal.lo/
* Rhymes: -allo
* Hyphenation: fàl‧lo

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from fallare (“to make a mistake”) +‎ -o. Compare Spanish fallo.

#### Noun

fallo m (plural falli)
* fault, error
    Synonyms: colpa, sbaglio, errore
    senza fallo ― without fail, doubtless
    essere in fallo ― to be at fault
    cogliere qualcuno in fallo ― to catch somebody out
* (sports) foul
    fare fallo su qualcuno ― to foul somebody

##### Related terms

* fallace
* fallare
* fallire

### Etymology 2

From Latin phallus, from Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós).

#### Noun

fallo m (plural falli)
* phallus

### Etymology 3

From translingual Phallus, from Latin phallus, from Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

#### Noun

fallo m (plural falli)
* any member of the Phallus taxonomic genus

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fallo
* first-person singular present indicative of fallare

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fallo
* compound of fa', the second-person singular imperative form of fare, with lo
    Fallo ora! ― Do it now!

### References

* ↑ fallo$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ↑ fallo$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* folla

## Latin
### Etymology

Uncertain. According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *falsō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el- (“to stumble”) (with semantic shift "stumble" > "deceive"), and cognate with Sanskrit स्खल् (skhal, “to stumble, fail”), Persian سکرفیدن (sekarfidan, “to stumble”), Ancient Greek σφάλλω (sphállō, “to bring down”), σφάλλομαι (sphállomai, “to fall”), Old Armenian սխալեմ (sxalem, “to stumble, fail”).
Formerly considered to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive”), but this does not account for the /a/.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfal.loː/, [ˈfälːʲoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfal.lo/, [ˈfälːo]

### Verb

fallō (present infinitive fallere, perfect active fefellī, supine falsum); third conjugation
* to deceive, beguile, trick, cheat, delude, ensnare, disappoint
    Synonyms: dēcipiō, mentior, frūstror, ēlūdō, dēstituō, fraudō, circumdūcō, circumveniō, ingannō, indūcō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.296–297:At rēgīna dolōs – quis fallere possit amantem? – praesēnsit [...].But the queen suspected his deceit – Who could be able to delude a lover? – [...]. (The irony is that a lover can be both extremely perceptive and easily misled.)
* (reflexive) to mistake, be mistaken, deceive oneself
** 412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, City of God 11.26:Si enim fallor, sum. Nam qui non est, utique nec falli potest; ac per hoc sum, si fallor. Quia ergo sum si fallor, quo modo esse me fallor, quando certum est me esse, si fallor? Quia igitur essem qui fallerer, etiamsi fallerer, procul dubio in eo quod me novi esse, non fallor.Translation by David S. WiesenWell, if I am mistaken, I exist. For a man who does not exist can surely not be mistaken either, and if I am mistaken, therefore I exist. So, since I am if I am mistaken, how can I be mistaken in believing that I am when it is certain that if I am mistaken I am. Therefore, from the fact that, if I were indeed mistaken, I should have to exist to be mistaken, it follows that I am undoubtedly not mistaken in knowing that I am.
* to escape the notice of; be unknown, unseen, unaware, hidden
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.96-97:“Nec mē adeō fallit veritam tē moenia nostra suspectās habuisse domōs Karthāginis altae.”“Nor does it so escape me, the truth [that] you — [because of] our defenses — have distrusted the homes of lofty Carthage.” (Juno uses the negation of litotes to speak to Venus.)
* to appease, beguile
* to swear falsely, perjure

#### Derived terms

* falla
* fallāx
* fallēns
* falsārius
* falsē
* falsidicus
* falsificus
* falsiiūrius
* falsiloquium
* falsiloquus
* falsimōnia
* falsiparēns
* falsitās
* falsō
* falsum
* falsus
* refellō

#### Related terms

* fallācia
* fallāciloquus
* fallāciōsus
* fallācitās
* fallāciter
* falsātiō
* falsātus
* falsidicentia
* falsificātus

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fallāre
** Dalmatian: falur
** Italian: fallare
** Old Occitan:
*** Catalan: fallar
*** Occitan: falhar
** Old Galician-Portuguese: fallar
*** Galician: fallar
*** Portuguese: falhar
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: fallar
* Vulgar Latin: *fallīre (see there for further descendants)
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fallitāre (descendants are more likely internal Romance derivatives)
** Old French:
*** French: fauter
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: faltar
** Old Occitan:
*** Catalan: faltar
** Old Galician-Portuguese:
*** Galician: faltar
*** Portuguese: faltar
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: faltar
** → English: fault
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *falsāre
** Italian: falsare
** Old French:
*** French: fausser
** Old Galician-Portuguese:
*** Portuguese: falsar
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: falsar
** Sicilian: farsari
** → English: false
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *falsidiāre (descendants are more likely internal Romance derivatives)
** Italian: falseggiare
** Old Occitan:
*** Catalan: falsejar
** Old Galician-Portuguese:
*** Galician: falsear
*** Portuguese: falsear
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: falsear
** Sicilian: farsijari

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fallō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 199-200

### Further reading

* “fallo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fallo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fallo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. if I am not mistaken: nisi fallor if I am not mistaken: nisi (animus) me fallit unless I'm greatly mistaken: nisi omnia me fallunt to deceive a person's hope: spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23) to keep one's word (not tenere): fidem servare (opp. fallere)
* fallo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Portuguese
### Verb

fallo
* first-person singular present indicative of fallar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfaʝo/ [ˈfa.ʝo]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /ˈfaʝo/ [ˈfa.ʝo]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /ˈfaʎo/ [ˈfa.ʎo]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈfaʃo/ [ˈfa.ʃo]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈfaʒo/ [ˈfa.ʒo]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʝo
* Rhymes: -aʝo
* Rhymes: -aʎo
* Rhymes: -aʃo
* Rhymes: -aʒo
* Syllabification: fa‧llo

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from fallar. Compare Italian fallo.

#### Noun

fallo m (plural fallos)
* mistake
* failure
* (law) verdict, decision
** 2015 July 9, “El batería de AC/DC, condenado a ocho meses de arresto domiciliario”, in El País‎:El músico, que pasará los meses encerrado en su casa de Tauranga (en la costa este de la Isla Norte de Nueva Zelanda), escuchó el fallo inexpresivo y con signos de cansancio, según fuentes presentes en la sala.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* ruling
* (computing) bug, hole (security vulnerability in software which can be taken advantage of by an exploit)

##### Derived terms

* fallo de mercado

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fallo
* first-person singular present indicative of fallar

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

fallo
* first-person singular present indicative of fallir

### Further reading

* “fallo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10