# 鰈

| 鰈 | U+9C08, &#39944; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C08 |
| ← 鰇 [U+9C07] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鰉 → [U+9C09] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鰈 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 弓火心廿木 (NFPTD), four-corner 2439$_4$, composition ⿰魚枼)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1474, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46322
* Dae Jaweon: page 2006, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4700, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9C08

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 貰 | *ɦljebs, *hljebs |
| 跇 | *l̥ʰebs, *lebs |
| 迣 | *ʔljebs |
| 世 | *hljebs |
| 泄 | *lebs, *sled |
| 枻 | *lebs |
| 詍 | *lebs |
| 靾 | *lebs |
| 袣 | *lebs |
| 抴 | *lebs, *led |
| 呭 | *lebs |
| 勩 | *lebs, *libs |
| 屜 | *l̥ʰeːbs |
| 鰈 | *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb |
| 渫 | *zreːb, *sled |
| 煠 | *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb |
| 喋 | *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb |
| 鞢 | *rlaːb, *sleːb |
| 殜 | *l'eb, *leb, *lab |
| 葉 | *hljeb, *leb |
| 弽 | *hljeb, *hleːb |
| 韘 | *hljeb, *sleːb |
| 枼 | *leb |
| 楪 | *leb |
| 揲 | *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed |
| 鍱 | *leb |
| 偞 | *leb, *hleːb |
| 蝶 | *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb |
| 牒 | *l'eːb |
| 蹀 | *l'eːb |
| 諜 | *l'eːb |
| 堞 | *l'eːb |
| 牃 | *l'eːb |
| 褋 | *l'eːb |
| 惵 | *l'eːb |
| 碟 | *l'eːb |
| 屧 | *sleːb |
| 屟 | *sleːb |
| 紲 | *sled |
| 齛 | *sled |
| 疶 | *sled |
| 緤 | *sled |
| 媟 | *sled |
Possibly a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb). Another explanation is that it is an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + semantic 枼 (“flat, wide, thin”). It is possible that the two interpretations influenced each other.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dié (die$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dip$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dié
*** Wade–Giles: tieh$^2$
*** Yale: dyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
*** Palladius: де (de)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dip$^6$
*** Yale: dihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːp̚²/
* Middle Chinese: thap
Rime :
| Character | 鰈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 盍 (144) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 吐盍切 |
| Baxter | thap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰɑp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ta |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːb/, /*l'eːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鰈 | 鰈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11550 | 11571 |
| Phonetic component | 世 | 世 |
| Rime group | 盍 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 榻 | |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰaːb/ | /*l'eːb/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅 | 見爾雅或作鰨 |

### Definitions

鰈
* righteye flounder

#### Compounds

* 長鰈 / 长鲽 (chángdié)
* 鮫鰈 / 鲛鲽
* 鰈鶼 / 鲽鹣
* 鶼鰈 / 鹣鲽
* 鶼鰈情深 / 鹣鲽情深

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)、とう (tō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō)、とう (tō)
* Kun: かれい (karei, 鰈)

#### Compounds

* 鰈川(かれがわ) (Karegawa)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鰈
* かれい Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/kara eɸi/ → /kareɸi/ → /karewi/ → /karei/
Originally from a shift of 王余魚 (kara-ei) attested in the Honzō Wamyō, itself a compound of 韓 (Kara, “Korea”, euphemism) +‎ 鱝 (ei, “[a kind of] ray”); it is said that the flounder was imported from Korea to Japan in the Samhan period, and was regarded to the Koreans at that time as “beautiful”. From its ray-like appearance, the medieval Japanese had mistaken the flounder for such. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かれー [káꜜrèè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠ɾe̞ː]

### Noun

鰈(かれい) • (karei)
* a righteye flounder (flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae)
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:王餘魚 朱厓記云：南海有$_二$王餘魚$_一$［和名：加良衣比、俗$_二$云：加禮比$_一$］昔、越王作$_レ$鱠不$_レ$盡餘半棄$_レ$水因以$_二$半身$_一$爲$_レ$魚、故曰$_二$王餘魚$_一$也Righteye flounder (literally “king-remaining fish”): according to the Zhūyá chronicle, at the southern sea there exists a righteye flounder (Japanese name kara-ei, commonly said karei); long ago, the king of Yuè had not completely made kuài and discarded half of the remaining into the water; as a result half of his body turned into a fish, hence the name.
* (rare, obsolete) Synonym of 舌鮃 (shitabirame): a sole (flatfish of the family Soleidae)

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カレイ.

#### Derived terms

* カレイ科(か) (karei-ka, “Pleuronectidae”)
* カレイ目(もく) (karei-moku, “Pleuronectiformes”)
* 赤(アカ)鰈(ガレイ) (akagarei, “flathead flounder”)
* 油(アブラ)鰈(ガレイ) (aburagarei, “Kamchatka flounder”)
* 石(イシ)鰈(ガレイ) (ishigarei, “stone flounder”)
* 木(こ)の葉(は)鰈(がれい) (konoha-garei)
* 鮫(サメ)鰈(ガレイ) (samegarei)
* 縞(しま)鰈(がれい) (shimagarei)
* 角(ツノ)鰈(ガレイ) (tsunogarei, “Alaska plaice”)
* 滑(ナメ)多(タ)鰈(ガレイ) (nametagarei, “slime flounder”)
* 沼(ヌマ)鰈(ガレイ) (numagarei, “starry flounder”)
* 婆婆(ババ)鰈(ガレイ) (babagarei)
* 干(ほ)し鰈(がれい) (hoshigarei)
* 星(ほし)鰈(がれい) (hoshigarei)
* 真(マ)鰈(ガレイ) (magarei, “yellow striped flounder”)
* 真子(マコ)鰈(ガレイ) (makogarei, “marbled flounder”)
* 蒸(む)し鰈(がれい) (mushigarei)
* 目(メ)板(イタ)鰈(ガレイ) (meitagarei)

#### Idioms

* 左鮃右鰈(ひだりひらめみぎかれい) (hidari hirame migi karei)

#### See also

* 鮃(ヒラメ) (hirame, “olive flounder”)
* 牛(うし)の舌(した) (ushinoshita, “tonguefish”)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鰈 • (jeop) (hangeul 접, revised jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŏp, Yale cep)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.