# व्यवहार
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋjəʋ.ɦɑːɾ/, [ʋjɐʋ.ɦäːɾ]

### Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m (Urdu spelling ويوهار)
* behavior, treatment
    हमें उनके संतोषजनक व्यवहार के बारे में कोई उलहना नहीं है।hamẽ unke santoṣajnak vyavhār ke bāre mẽ koī ulahnā nahī̃ hai.We have no complaint about their satisfactory behavior.
    सेवकों और बच्चों से अच्छा व्यवहार करना चाहिए।sevkõ aur baccõ se acchā vyavhār karnā cāhie.Servants and children should be treated well.
* dealings
    हमारा उनसे किसी तरह का व्यवहार नहीं है।hamārā unse kisī tarah kā vyavhār nahī̃ hai.We have no dealings of any kind with them.
* usage
    यदि तुम इतना बुद्धिमान हो, तो अपनी बुद्धि को व्यवहार में लाओ!yadi tum itnā buddhimān ho, to apnī buddhi ko vyavhār mẽ lāo!If you are so smart, put your intelligence to use!

#### Synonyms

* सलूक (salūk)
* बरताव (bartāv)
* सलीखा (salīkhā)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “व्यवहार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋjə.ʋʱaɾ/

### Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m
* practical life
* dealing, trade, commerce

#### Derived terms

* गैरव्यवहार (gairavyavhār, “malfeasance”)
* व्यावहारिक (vyāvhārik)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “व्यवहार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “व्यवहार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “व्यवहार”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “व्यवहार”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱ্যৱহাৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬯ᭄ᬬᬯᬳᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
* ব্যবহার (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰪𑰮𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀯𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ဝျဝဟာရ (Burmese script)
* વ્યવહાર (Gujarati script)
* ਵ੍ਯਵਹਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌵𑌹𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦾꦮꦲꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ವ್ಯವಹಾರ (Kannada script)
* វ្យវហារ (Khmer script)
* ວ຺ຍວຫາຣ (Lao script)
* വ്യവഹാര (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠶᠠᠸᠠᡥᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘪𑘮𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧊𑧎𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐴𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଵ୍ଯଵହାର (Odia script)
* ꢮ꣄ꢫꢮꢲꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆮𑆲𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖪𑖮𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ව්‍යවහාර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩾𑪂𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚦𑚩𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
* வ்யவஹார (Tamil script)
* వ్యవహార (Telugu script)
* วฺยวหาร (Thai script)
* ཝྱ་ཝ་ཧཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒫𑒯𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨭𑨱𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From वि- (vi-) +‎ -अव- (-ava-) +‎ √हृ (√hṛ, “to take; to carry”, root) +‎ -अ (-a, nominalization suffix) with vṛddhi of the root.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋjɐ.ʋɐˈɦɑː.ɾɐ/

### Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavahāra) stem, m
* doing; conduct; behaviour
* dealing; business; trade; transaction
* custom; common or established practice; wont
** c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24.10:व्यवहारम् अनाश्रित्य परमार्थो न देश्यते ।vyavahāram anāśritya paramārtho na deśyate.Having no recourse to common practice, the highest truth cannot be made clear.
* affair; matter
* usage (of an expression)
    तैर् एव व्यवहारः ― tair eva vyavahāraḥ ― "just about these is the question"; "the discussion is all about these"
* legal procedure; litigation

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: व्यवहार (vyavhār) (learned)
* → Tamil: விவகாரம் (vivakāram)

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “व्यवहारः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Monier Williams (1899) “Vy-avahāra”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1034/1.