# cerno
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈsɛr.nu]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈsɛr.no]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈsɛɾ.no]

### Verb

cerno
* first-person singular present indicative of cerndre

## Galician
### Etymology

Perhaps from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“kernel”). Compare Icelandic, Faroese, Old Norse kjarni (“kernel, core”).

### Noun

cerno m (plural cernos)
* Alternative form of cerna (“kernel, core; sap; heartwood, duramen; pith”)
** 1459, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 441:Fernán Gonçalues de Lamella se obrigou de dar en nome do conçello de çidade d'Ourense çento táboas et quarenta madeyros en esta maneyra que se sige: las táboas que aja cada hua des pees do dito Fernán Garçía et de la anchura, segundo está aquí asinallada de maao a maao, et an de auer de gordo dous dedos et que sejan dereytas e chaas e boas e merchinas sen furados, et os quarenta madeyros an de seer en esta maneyra que se sige: de ancho como está asinallado de maao en maao et de alto a terçeera maao, et an de auer de longo dose pees ou mays, et destes madeyros ha de auer quatro que an de auer des et oyto pees en longo ou mays, se mays poderen auer, et estes madeyros an de seer de çerno de carballo et as táboas de castañoFernán Gonzalvez de Lamela committed himself to give, in the name of the city council of Ourense, a hundred boards and forty planks, in this way: each one of the boards must be ten feet, of this Fernán García, in long; and in width as it is here consigned from hand to hand; and they should be two inches in thickness; and they should be straight and level and good without holes. And the forty planks must be made in this way: in width as it is consigned, from hand to hand, in high to the third hand; and they must have twelve feet or more in long; and of these planks four must be eighteen feet or more in long, as long as they can be made; and these planks must be made in oak heartwood, and the boards in chestnut.

### Adjective

cerno (feminine cerna, masculine plural cernos, feminine plural cernas)
* steady, firm, upright
* hard
* inner

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “çerno”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cerno”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cerno”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cerno”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Verb

cerno
* first-person singular present indicative of cernere

### Anagrams

* necro-

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to sieve”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō), English ridder, riddle (“sieve”), and possibly English rinse.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈker.noː/, [ˈkɛrnoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃer.no/, [ˈt͡ʃɛrno]

### Verb

cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation
* to distinguish, divide, separate, sift
    Synonyms: aufero, eripio, diripio, excludo, distraho, tollo
* to perceive, see, discern, behold
    Synonyms: percipiō, sentiō, audiō, videō, cōnspicor
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.401:Migrantis cernās, tōtāque ex urbe ruentis.You could see [the Trojans] moving about, and rushing out from the whole city [of Carthage]. (Poetic use of the present active subjunctive to engage the imagination.)
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.671–672:nunc quoque, sē suprā nē quid nisi sīdera cernat, exiguum templī tēcta forāmen habent.Even now, so that he may see nothing except the stars above him, the roof of the temple has a tiny opening. (Ancient Romans believed that Terminus (god), protector of boundary stones, had refused to yield the ground of his own shrine – located inconveniently on the site where the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was to be built. And that is why Jupiter's great temple honored the immovable will of Terminus by way of a sacred stone or altar with a clear sightline to the stars.)
* to (intellectually) comprehend, discern, regard, understand
    Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, sciō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, inveniō, tongeō, audiō
    Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō
* to decide
    Synonyms: statuō, dēcernō, parō, cōnstituō, placeō

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

#### Derived terms

* certus
* concernō
* crētiō
* crētūra
* crētus
* crībrum
* crīmen
* dēcernō
* discernō
* excernō
* incernō
* sēcernō
* succernō
* supercernō

#### Related terms

* certābundus
* certāmen
* certāminō
* certātim
* certātiō
* certātivē
* certātor
* certātus
* certē
* certificō
* certissō
* certitūdō
* certō
* concertātiō
* concertātīvus
* concertātor
* concertātōrius
* concertō
* concrīminor
* condēcernō
* crībellō
* crībellum
* crībrārius
* crībrātus
* crībrō
* crīminālis
* crīmināliter
* crīminātiō
* crīminātor
* crīminātrīx
* crīminātus
* crīminor
* crīminōsē
* crīminōsus
* decertātiō
* decertātor
* decertō
* dēcrētālis
* dēcrētiō
* dēcrētōrius
* dēcrētum
* dēcrētus
* discernenter
* discernibilis
* discerniculum
* discrētē
* discrētim
* discrētiō
* discrētīvē
* discrētīvus
* discrētor
* discrētōrium
* discrētus
* discrīmen
* discrīminālis
* discrīminātim
* discrīminātiō
* discrīminātor
* discrīminātrīx
* discrīminō
* discrīminōsius
* excrēta
* excrētiō
* excrētus
* incertē
* incertō
* incertum
* incertus
* incrētus
* incribrātus
* incrīminātiō
* incrīminō
* indiscrētē
* indiscrētiō
* indiscrētus
* indiscrīminābilis
* indiscrīminātim
* percrībrō
* perincertus
* praecertātiō
* sēcrētāria
* sēcrētārium
* sēcrētē
* sēcrētim
* sēcrētiō
* sēcrētō
* sēcrētum
* sēcrētus
* succrētus
* supercertō
* superincernō

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: ntsernu, ntsearniri, tsernu
** Romanian: cerne, cernere
* Italo-Romance:
** Central Italian: cèrne
** Corsican: cèrne
** Italian: cernere
** Neapolitan: cernere (Calabrian)
** Sicilian: cèrniri
* Padanian:
** Emilian: sernar, scernir
** Friulian: cerni
** Ligurian: cerner
** Old Lombard: cerner
*** Lombard: scernir, sern, sernar
** Old Venetan: zarnir, cernir
*** Venetan: sernìr, sèrner
** Piedmontese: serne, sernie
    Alpine: scerna, cerna
** Romansch: tscherner, tscharner
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old Francoprovençal: cierdre
*** Franco-Provençal: cierdre, cedre, cherdre
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: cerner, cernar
** Catalan: cendre, cenre, cerndre
** Gascon: cèrner, cernir
** Provençal: cèrner, cernir
** Vivaro-Alpine: cernir, çarnir
* Ibero-Romance:
** Galician: cernir
** Portuguese: cernir
** Spanish: cerner, cernir
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian:
    Campidanese: cerriri, cerri
    Logudorese: chernere, cherrere

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cernō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

### Further reading

* “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* cerno in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* cerno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to see clearly, distinctly: cernere et videre aliquid the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re) to take possession of an inheritance: hereditatem adire, cernere
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cĕrnĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 606

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin circinus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈθeɾno/ [ˈθeɾ.no]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈseɾno/ [ˈseɾ.no]
* Rhymes: -eɾno
* Syllabification: cer‧no

### Noun

cerno m (plural cernos)
* heartwood

### Further reading

* “cerno”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10