# خدمت
## Arabic
### Verb

خدمت (form I)
* خَدَمْتُ (ḵadamtu) /xa.dam.tu/: first-person singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خَدَمْتَ (ḵadamta) /xa.dam.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خَدَمْتِ (ḵadamti) /xa.dam.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خَدَمَتْ (ḵadamat) /xa.da.mat/: third-person feminine singular past active of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خُدِمْتُ (ḵudimtu) /xu.dim.tu/: first-person singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خُدِمْتَ (ḵudimta) /xu.dim.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خُدِمْتِ (ḵudimti) /xu.dim.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)
* خُدِمَتْ (ḵudimat) /xu.di.mat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of خَدَمَ (ḵadama)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* خذمت (hızmet, hizmet)

### Etymology

From Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma, “service, official duty”).

### Noun

خدمت • (hidmet or hizmet) (plural خدمات (hidemat))
* service, an act of being of assistance to someone
    Synonym: قوللق (kulluk)
* (economics) service, the practice of providing assistance as economic activity
* duty, that which one is morally or legally obligated to do
* employment, the work or occupation for which one is used, and often paid

#### Derived terms

* خدمت گورمك (hizmet görmek, “to serve”)
* خدمتجی (hizmetci, “servant”)
* خدمتكار (hizmetkâr, “servant”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hizmet
* → Albanian: hyzmet
* → Armenian: խըզմէթ (xəzmētʻ), խըզմա̈թ (xəzmätʻ)
* → Aromanian: huzmeti, huzmete, uzmeti, iuzmeti
* → Bulgarian: хизме́т (hizmét), изме́т (izmét), хюзме́т (hjuzmét)
* → Greek: χοσμέτι (chosméti), χουσμέτι (chousméti)
* → Macedonian: измет (izmet)
* → Romanian: huzmét
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хѝзмет, ѝзмет
    Latin script: hìzmet, ìzmet

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hizmet”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1976
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “خدمت”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 447
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خدمت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 532
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Servitium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1549
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خدمت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1867
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hizmet”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خدمت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 834

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* خذمت (xezmat) (dialectal, Mashhad, Southwestern Fars, Tajik, otherwise archaic)
* خذمد (xezmad) (dialectal, Birjand)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma), from خَدَمَ (ḵadama).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xið.ˈmat]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪd̪.mǽt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪd̪.mǽt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɪd̪.mǽt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xid̪.mǽt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xed̪.mǽt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χiz.mǽt̪]
* (Mashhad) IPA: [xez.mǽt̪]
* (Birjand) IPA: [xez.mǽd̪̥]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | خدمت |
| Iranian Persian | خدمت |
| Tajik | хизмат |
خِدمَت • (xedmat) (plural خدمات (xadamât))
* service
    خدمت سربازی ― xedmat-e sarbâzi ― military service
    در خدمتتان هستم ― dar xedmat-tân hastam ― I am at your service
* employment, work

#### Derived terms

(verbs)
* خدمت کردن (xedmat kardan)
(others)
* خدمت گزار (xedmat-gozâr)
* خدمتانه (xedmatâne)
* خدمتکار (xedmatkâr)
* خدمتی (xedmati)
* پیشخدمت (piš-xedmat)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: xidmət
* → Bengali: খেদমত (khedomot)
* → Ottoman Turkish: خدمت (hidmet), خذمت (hızmet, hizmet)
** Turkish: hizmet
** → Albanian: hyzmet
** → Armenian: խըզմէթ (xəzmētʻ), խըզմա̈թ (xəzmätʻ)
** → Aromanian: huzmeti, huzmete, uzmeti, iuzmeti
** → Bulgarian: хизме́т (hizmét), изме́т (izmét), хюзме́т (hjuzmét)
** → Greek: χοσμέτι (chosméti), χουσμέτι (chousméti)
** → Macedonian: измет (izmet)
** → Romanian: huzmét
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хѝзмет, ѝзмет
    Latin script: hìzmet, ìzmet
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़िदमत (xidmat)
    Urdu: خدمت (xidmat)
* → Kazakh: қызмет (qyzmet)
* → Kyrgyz: кызмат (kızmat)
* → Punjabi: خدمت
* → Uyghur: خىزمەت (xizmet)
* → Uzbek: xizmat
* → Turkmen: hyzmat

### References

* ↑ Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235:The d/z fluctuation in isolated words has already been reported by Meier. What can be inferred from the early written documentation matches fairly well with the modern dialectological data: the word xedmat ‘service’ (← Ar. k̠h̠idmat) has the variants xezmad/xedmad in the Xorāsāni dialect of Birǰand; it is xezma:t in Zāboli (Sistān), xezmat in Mašhadi (Xorāsān), as well as in Davāni, Zarqāni (Fārs), and Daštestāni.

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خِدْمَت (xidmat), borrowed from Arabic خِدْمَة (ḵidma), from خَدَمَ (ḵadama). First attested in c. 1603 as Middle Hindi خدمت (xdmt /⁠xidmat⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xɪd̪.mət̪/
* Rhymes: -ət̪
* Hyphenation: خِد‧مَت

### Noun

خِدْمَت • (xidmat) f (formal plural خِدْمَات (xidmāt), Hindi spelling ख़िदमत)
* service (ie. help; contribution, typically volunteering)
    Synonym: سیوَا (sevā)
* service; employment (as part of work; job etc.)
* (formal) presence; obedience (ie. in the presence of someone)
* (by extension) discipleship

#### Declension

Declension of خدمت :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتیں (xidmatẽ) |
| oblique | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتوں (xidmatõ) |
| vocative | خِدْمَت (xidmat) | خِدْمَتو (xidmato) |

#### Derived terms

* خِدْمَت کَرْنا (xidmat karnā, “to serve”)
* خِدْمَت گار (xidmat gār)

#### See also
### References

* ↑ Platts, John T. (1884) “خدمت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* ↑ “خدمت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “خدمت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “خدمت”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]