# 池

| 池 | U+6C60, &#27744; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C60 |
| ← 江 [U+6C5F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 污 → [U+6C61] |

## Translingual
### Han character

池 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水心木 (EPD), four-corner 3411$_2$, composition ⿰氵也)

#### Derived characters

* 𠲨, 𨦥, 𪢏, 𩶴, 𫇻, 筂, 𦈳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 606, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17141
* Dae Jaweon: page 1000, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1555, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6C60

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 池
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 他 | *l̥ʰaːl |
| 拖 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls |
| 駞 | *l'aːl |
| 池 | *l'aːl, *l'al |
| 灺 | *ljalʔ |
| 鍦 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals |
| 虵 | *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal |
| 也 | *laːlʔ |
| 忚 | *hleːl |
| 髢 | *l'eːls |
| 杝 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal |
| 肔 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ |
| 馳 | *l'al |
| 阤 | *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ |
| 施 | *hljal, *hljals |
| 絁 | *hljal |
| 葹 | *hljal |
| 弛 | *hljalʔ |
| 箷 | *lal |
| 衪 | *lel, *lalʔ |
| 暆 | *lel |
| 迆 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 酏 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 匜 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 迤 | *lalʔ |
| 扡 | *lalʔ |
| 崺 | *lalʔ |
| 貤 | *lals, *ɦljels, *lels |
| 地 | *l'els |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'al) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

### Etymology 1

Perhaps a Sino-Tibetan word; compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii (“pool; lake; pond”), whence Mizo li (“quiet, deep pool”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chí (chi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
* Jin (Wiktionary): ci$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): diè / dò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): di$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diè / dò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tie⁵³/, /to⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: di$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
*** Tâi-lô: tî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tî
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhr$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡sz̩¹³/
* Middle Chinese: drje
Rime :
| Character | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直離切 |
| Baxter | drje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡje/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lraj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'al/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drje › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.lraj/ |
| English | pool (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 池 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14779 |
| Phonetic component | 也 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 馳 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'al/ |

#### Definitions

池
* pool; pond
* moat
* cistern
* (computing) pool
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (pond):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 池沼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 池子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 池塘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 池子, 灣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 澇子, 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 池子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 池子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 池子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 池塘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 塘, 池子, 淌子 small |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 塘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 塘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 塘, 池塘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 塘, 池子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 池塘, 塘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 池塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 眼塘 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 眼塘 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 池塘 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 水塘 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 塘 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 塘, 池塘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 塘, 池塘, 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 水塘 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 塘 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 塘 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Changting | 塘 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 塘 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 水塘 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 塘水 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 塘水 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 塘 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 塘 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 水池子, 池塘 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 塘, 池 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 池 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 池, 潭仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 池 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 池 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 水塘 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 池 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 塘 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 塘 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 塘 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 池塘, 塘, 水塘 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 池塘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 池塘, 池潭 small, 塘 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 池塘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 池塘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 池, 池兒, 池塘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 塘 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 塘 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 塘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 塘, 池子 |
* (moat):
* 城壕 (chéngháo)
* 城河 (chénghé) (literary)
* 濠溝 / 濠沟 (háogōu)
* 護城壕 / 护城壕 (hùchéngháo)
* 護城河 / 护城河 (hùchénghé)

#### Compounds

* 尹霍夫池
* 乾電池 / 干电池 (gāndiànchí)
* 他瑪羅池 / 他玛罗池
* 伏打電池 / 伏打电池
* 光電池 / 光电池
* 劍池 / 剑池
* 化糞池 / 化粪池 (huàfènchí)
* 印池
* 呼倫池 / 呼伦池
* 咸池
* 噴水池 / 喷水池 (pēnshuǐchí)
* 城池 (chéngchí)
* 堅城深池 / 坚城深池
* 天池 (tiānchí)
* 天池埡 / 天池垭 (Tiānchíyà)
* 太液池 (Tàiyèchí)
* 太陽電池 / 太阳电池 (tàiyáng diànchí)
* 富池 (Fùchí)
* 差池
* 巴油池
* 廟小妖風大，池淺王八多 / 庙小妖风大，池浅王八多 (miào xiǎo yāofēng dà, chí qiǎn wángbā duō)
* 弄兵潢池
* 揮翰臨池 / 挥翰临池
* 昆明池
* 昆池劫灰
* 暈池 / 晕池
* 曲江池
* 東門之池 / 东门之池
* 樂池 / 乐池
* 殃及池魚 / 殃及池鱼 (yāngjíchíyú)
* 水池 (shuǐchí)
* 池上 (Chíshàng)
* 池中物
* 池中蛟龍 / 池中蛟龙
* 池坊流
* 池堂 (chítáng)
* 池塘 (chítáng)
* 池子 (chízi)
* 池州 (Chízhōu)
* 池座 (chízuò)
* 池榭
* 池河 (Chíhé)
* 池沼 (chízhǎo)
* 池湯 / 池汤 (chítāng)
* 池隍
* 池魚 / 池鱼
* 池魚之殃 / 池鱼之殃 (chíyúzhīyāng)
* 池魚之禍 / 池鱼之祸 (chíyúzhīhuò)
* 池魚堂燕 / 池鱼堂燕
* 池魚林木 / 池鱼林木
* 池魚籠鳥 / 池鱼笼鸟
* 池鹽 / 池盐 (chíyán)
* 泮池
* 泳池 (yǒngchí)
* 洗手池 (xǐshǒuchí)
* 洿池
* 浴池 (yùchí)
* 清水池
* 湯池 / 汤池 (tāngchí)
* 湯池鐵城 / 汤池铁城
* 游泳池 (yóuyǒngchí)
* 滇池 (Diānchí)
* 潢池
* 澗池 / 涧池 (Jiànchí)
* 潢池弄兵
* 澠池 / 渑池 (Miǎnchí)
* 澠池之功 / 渑池之功
* 澠池會 / 渑池会
* 濾水池 / 滤水池
* 瑤池 / 瑶池 (Yáochí)
* 瑤池玉液 / 瑶池玉液
* 瑤池金母 / 瑶池金母
* 瑤池閬苑 / 瑶池阆苑
* 璧池
* 石城湯池 / 石城汤池
* 硯池 / 砚池
* 碧池 (bìchí)
* 窮池之魚 / 穷池之鱼
* 終池 / 终池 (zhōngchí)
* 翰池
* 臨池 / 临池
* 臨池學書 / 临池学书
* 舞池 (wǔchí)
* 茅池
* 華池 / 华池 (Huáchí)
* 蓄水池 (xùshuǐchí)
* 蓄電池 / 蓄电池 (xùdiànchí)
* 蓮池 / 莲池 (Liánchí)
* 藕池 (Ǒuchí)
* 血汙池 / 血污池
* 裝池 / 装池
* 解池
* 記池 / 记池 (kì-tî) (Min Nan)
* 跳水池
* 跪池
* 配水池
* 酒池
* 酒池肉林 (jiǔchíròulín)
* 金城湯池 / 金城汤池 (jīnchéngtāngchí)
* 陂池
* 陳池 / 陈池 (Chénchí)
* 難越雷池 / 难越雷池
* 雲池 / 云池 (Yúnchí)
* 雷池 (léichí)
* 電池 / 电池 (diànchí)
* 非池中物 (fēichízhōngwù)
* 駕返瑤池 / 驾返瑶池
* 高城深池
* 魚池 / 鱼池 (yúchí)
* 魚池鄉 / 鱼池乡
* 鳳凰池 / 凤凰池
* 鳳池 / 凤池
* 鵝池 / 鹅池
* 鹼性電池 / 碱性电池
* 鹽池 / 盐池 (yánchí)
* 黃池 / 黄池
* 墨水池 (mòshuǐchí)
* 墨池筆塚 / 墨池笔冢
* 龍池 / 龙池

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuó (tuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuó
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: two
*** Palladius: то (to)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^4$
*** Yale: tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː²¹/
* Middle Chinese: da
Rime :
| Character | 池 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒河切 |
| Baxter | da |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /da/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | to$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14769 |
| Phonetic component | 也 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 駝 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːl/ |

#### Definitions

池
* Only used in 虖池／呼池 (“Hutuo River”).

### References

* “池”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* pond, lake, moat
** 1686, Matsuo Bashō, Haru no Hi:古池(ふるいけ)や蛙飛(かわずと)び込(こ)む水(みず)の音(おと)furuike ya kawazu tobi-komu mizu no otoThe old pond; A frog jumps in — The sound of the water.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* object used for storage

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)、だ (da)
* Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)、た (ta)
* Kun: いけ (ike, 池, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 池(ち)魚(ぎょ) (chigyo)
* 池(ち)水(すい) (chisui)
* 池(ち)沼(しょう) (chishō)
* 池(ち)泉(せん) (chisen)
* 池(ち)亭(てい) (chitei)
* 池(ち)汀(てい) (chitei)
* 池(ち)頭(とう) (chitō)
* 池(ち)畔(なん) (chinan)
* 印(いん)池(ち) (inchi)
* 園(えん)池(ち), 苑(えん)池(ち) (enchi)
* 金(きん)城(じょう)湯(とう)池(ち) (kinjōtōchi)
* 酒(しゅ)池(ち)肉(にく)林(りん) (shuchinikurin)
* 城(じょう)池(ち) (jōchi)
* 滇(てん)池(ち) (Tenchi)
* 電(でん)池(ち) (denchi)
* 肉(にく)池(ち) (nikuchi)
* 墨(ぼく)池(ち) (bokuchi)
* 瑶(よう)池(ち) (yōchi)
* 貯(ちょう)水(すい)池(ち) (chōsuichi)
* 養(よう)魚(ぎょ)池(ち) (yōgyochi)
* 養(よう)殖(しょく)池(ち) (yōshokuchi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 池
* いけ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 池 – see the following entry. :
| 【いけ】 | [noun] 池: a pond (small lake or pool) [noun] 池: a pool (small amount of liquid in a surface) [noun] 池: (calligraphy) part of an inkstone where water is stored [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, 池, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 池
* ち Grade: 2
* kan'on
/tʲie/ → /ti/ → /t͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 池 (MC drje).
Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ti⟩ in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕi]

#### Proper noun

池(ち) • (Chi)
* a surname

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

池 (eumhun 연못 지 (yeonmot ji))
* pool, pond

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

池 (eumhun 이름 타 (ireum ta))
* a surname

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: いち (ichi, 池)

### Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as いち.
From Proto-Japonic *ikay, cognate with Japanese 池(いけ) (ike).

### Noun

池(いち) (ichi)
* pond

### References

* ↑ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 15

## Vietnamese
### Han character

池: Hán Nôm readings: trì, đìa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.