# 晉

| 晉 | U+6649, &#26185; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6649 |
| ← 晈 [U+6648] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 晊 → [U+664A] |
| 晉 | U+2F8CD, &#194765; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CD |
| ← 書 [U+2F8CC] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 㬙 → [U+2F8CE] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 晋 |
| Simplified | 晋 |
| Traditional | 晉 |

### Han character

晉 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一戈戈日 (MIIA), four-corner 1060$_1$, composition ⿱⿳一厸一日)

#### Derived characters

* 搢, 溍, 𪬕, 榗, 瑨, 縉, 鄑, 戩

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 494, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13898
* Dae Jaweon: page 860, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1507, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6649
* Unihan data for U+2F8CD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 晉 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鄑 | *ʔsel |
| 戩 | *ʔsenʔ |
| 榗 | *ʔsens |
| 晉 | *ʔsins |
| 縉 | *ʔsins |
| 搢 | *ʔsins |
| 瑨 | *ʔsins |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 臸 (“to arrive”) + 日 (“sun”)

### Etymology

The I Ching relates it to 進／进 (jìn), whose etymology is unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jìn (jin$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeon$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dun$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chin
    (Hailu, HRS): zin$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jin$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ce̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): céng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zing$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$
*** Yale: jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^3$
*** Yale: jeun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tun³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin
*** Hakka Romanization System: jin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zin$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ce̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cixn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zing$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sin⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit晉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕin⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡siə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡sin³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕĩŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕin¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕin³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕin¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕin²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sin⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sin⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡saŋ⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡siʌ̃³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sin⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sin⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sin⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sin³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sin³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡søn³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐn³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡søn³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sin²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɛiŋ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡seiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siŋ²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sin³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsinH
Rime :
| Character | 晉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 即刃切 |
| Baxter | tsinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsi[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsins/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 晉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsi[n]-s/ |
| English | Jìn (place name) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 晉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6770 |
| Phonetic component | 晉 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 晉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsins/ |

### Definitions

晉
* to advance; to increase
* to promote
* (～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]
    The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.
* (～朝) Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420)
* 35th hexagram of the I Ching (䷢)
* Alternative name for 山西 (Shānxī, “Shanxi”).
* (～語) Jin (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Shanxi)
* a surname

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

### Compounds

* 三晉 / 三晋 (Sānjìn)
* 中晉 / 中晋
* 二晉 / 二晋
* 井晉 / 井晋
* 以諧秦晉 / 以谐秦晋
* 兩晉 / 两晋 (Liǎng-Jìn)
* 六卿分晉 / 六卿分晋
* 六晉 / 六晋
* 加官晉爵 / 加官晋爵
* 古晉 / 古晋 (Gǔjìn)
* 唐臨晉帖 / 唐临晋帖
* 子晉 / 子晋
* 孟晉 / 孟晋
* 後晉 / 后晋 (Hòujìn)
* 得成秦晉 / 得成秦晋
* 晉乘楚杌 / 晋乘楚杌
* 晉京 / 晋京
* 晉劇 / 晋剧 (jìnjù)
* 晉升 / 晋升 (jìnshēng)
* 晉南 / 晋南 (Jìnnán)
* 晉封 / 晋封
* 晉帖 / 晋帖
* 晉年 / 晋年
* 晉惠聞蛙 / 晋惠闻蛙
* 晉授 / 晋授
* 晉接 / 晋接
* 晉昌 / 晋昌 (Jìnchāng)
* 晉明 / 晋明
* 晉晉然 / 晋晋然
* 晉書 / 晋书
* 晉朝 / 晋朝 (Jìncháo)
* 晉棘 / 晋棘
* 晉江 / 晋江 (Jìnjiāng)
* 晉用 / 晋用
* 晉用楚材 / 晋用楚材
* 晉盛 / 晋盛
* 晉祠 / 晋祠
* 晉秩 / 晋秩
* 晉級 / 晋级 (jìnjí)
* 晉紳 / 晋绅
* 晉職 / 晋职 (jìnzhí)
* 晉號 / 晋号
* 晉見 / 晋见 (jìnjiàn)
* 晉語 / 晋语 (Jìnyǔ)
* 晉謁 / 晋谒
* 晉豎 / 晋竖
* 晉賢風 / 晋贤风
* 晉邦 / 晋邦
* 晉鐸 / 晋铎 (jìnduó)
* 晉鑄刑鼎 / 晋铸刑鼎
* 晉階 / 晋阶
* 晉陽之甲 / 晋阳之甲
* 晉陽秋 / 晋阳秋
* 晉陽關 / 晋阳关
* 晉食 / 晋食
* 晉鼎 / 晋鼎
* 晉鼓 / 晋鼓 (jìngǔ)
* 有晉 / 有晋
* 朝梁暮晉
* 東晉 / 东晋 (Dōngjìn)
* 楚才晉用 / 楚才晋用
* 楚材晉用 / 楚材晋用
* 樓蘭晉簡 / 楼兰晋简
* 汾晉 / 汾晋
* 王子晉 / 王子晋
* 皮裡晉書 / 皮里晋书
* 皮裏晉書 / 皮里晋书
* 石晉 / 石晋 (Shíjìn)
* 福晉 / 福晋 (fújìn)
* 秦晉 / 秦晋 (qínjìn)
* 秦晉之好 / 秦晋之好
* 秦晉之盟 / 秦晋之盟
* 秦晉之緣 / 秦晋之缘
* 秦歡晉愛 / 秦欢晋爱
* 西晉 / 西晋 (Xījìn)
* 追晉 / 追晋
* 鼖晉 / 鼖晋

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01795

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to proceed
* Jin dynasty

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: すすむ (susumu, 晉む)、すすむしん (susumushin, 晉)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、くに (kuni)、ゆき (yuki)

#### Usage notes

Alternative form of 晋 (Jinmeiyō kanji used for names).

## Korean
### Hanja

晉 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin))
* hanja form of 진 (“advance, increase”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

晉: Hán Nôm readings: tấn, tắn, tớn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.