OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# hepatitis C virus
## English
### Noun

hepatitis C virus (uncountable)
* A virus that causes the disease hepatitis C.

#### Related terms

* HAV (“hepatitis A virus”)
* HBV (“hepatitis B virus”)
* HDV (“hepatitis D virus”)
* HEV (“hepatitis E virus”)
* HFV (“hepatitis F virus”)
* HGV (“hepatitis G virus”)
# kulas
## English
### Noun

kulas
* plural of kula

### Anagrams

* Lusak, Lukas, Klaus, Sulak, Sukla, Kalus

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* kulás (Kielce)

### Etymology

From kuleć +‎ -as.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.las/
* (Masovia):
** (Masuria) IPA: /ˈku.las/
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈku.las/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ulas
* Syllabification: ku‧las
* Homophone: Kulas

### Noun

kulas m inan
* (dialectal) leg, especially of a cow or a horse
* (Far Masovian, Masuria) curved or thick stick
    Hypernym: kij

#### Alternative forms

* kulasa (“leg or thick stick”) (Kociewie, Malbork, Masuria)

### Noun

kulas m pers
* (colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, offensive) lame person (someone who is unable to walk properly); gimp; cripple

#### Declension
### Further reading

* kulas in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kulas in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “kulas”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 112
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “kulas”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 389

## Swedish
### Noun

kulas
* indefinite genitive singular of kula

### Anagrams

* Lukas, skula, sluka

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* colas — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkulas/ [ˈkuː.lɐs]
* Rhymes: -ulas
* Syllabification: ku‧las

#### Noun

kulas (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔) (colloquial)
* banker's share or commission in gambling bets
    Synonym: tong

#### Adjective

kulas (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔) (obsolete)
* odd (in number)
    Synonym: gansal

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kuˈlas/ [kʊˈlas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: ku‧las

#### Noun

kulás (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔) (colloquial)
* nickname for a boy (especially a servant)

### Anagrams

* sukal, sulak, uslak, luksa, lusak
# diwozh
## Navajo
### Etymology

di- (adjectival) + -wozh (neuter imperfective stem of root -WOZH, “to be thorny”).

### Verb

diwozh
* it is thorny

### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 340.
# քրքեմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Of the same Proto-Indo-European origin as քուք (kʻukʻ).

### Verb

քրքեմ • (kʻrkʻem) (aorist indicative քրքեցի)
* to give joy

#### Derived terms

* քրքանք (kʻrkʻankʻ)

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “քրքանք”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# for the record
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Prepositional phrase

for the record
* For the purpose of being recorded, especially when already known.
    I will ask you, for the record, to state your name and address.
    Now, just for the record, you have served time for drug dealing, haven't you?
** 2004, John N. Maclean, Fire and Ashes: On the Front Lines Battling Wildfires, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 13:During brief courtroom appearances, Pattan restricted his comments for the record to “Guilty, sir” for each of the two counts of the indictment.
* (by extension) For the purpose of following correct procedure, especially when otherwise redundant and repetitive.
    The court almost certainly knows your answer to this already, but, for the record, do you plea guilty or not guilty?
    I can definitely send you those documents, but you'll need to send the request in writing just for the record.
* Used to emphasize a point in an attempt to make it known or noticed.
    For the record, I think these policies are weird and unnecessary.
# ląc
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* lęgnąć
* pląc, plegnąć (Kuyavia, Near Masovian)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɔnt͡s/
* Audio; “ląc się”:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnt͡s
* Syllabification: ląc

### Verb

ląc impf
* (reflexive with się) to hatch (to emerge from an egg)
    Synonym: wykluwać się
* (reflexive with się) to arise, to come about, to develop
    Synonyms: powstawać, rodzić się, tworzyć się

#### Conjugation

or

#### Derived terms

* wyląc
* wylęgać
* wylęgnąć

#### Related terms

* lęgowy
* ląg
* lęg
* lęgowisko

### Further reading

* ląc in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ląc in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# дръжати
## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* дрьжати (drĭžati)
* Glagolitic: ⰴⱃⱏⰶⰰⱅⰹ (drŭžati)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dьržati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”).

### Verb

дръжати • (drŭžati) impf
* to hold, possess

#### Derived terms

* въздрьжание (vŭzdrĭžanije)
* въздрьжати (vŭzdrĭžati)
* вьседрьжитель (vĭsedrĭžitelĭ)
* домодрьжица (domodrĭžica)
* дрьжава (drĭžava)
* дрьжание (drĭžanije)
* издрьжати (izdrĭžati)
* ключедрьжьць (ključedrĭžĭcĭ)
* невъздрьжание (nevŭzdrĭžanije)
* неодрьжимъ (neodrĭžimŭ)
* объдрьжание (obŭdrĭžanije)
* объдрьжати (obŭdrĭžati)
* одрьжание (odrĭžanije)
* одрьжати (odrĭžati)
* подрьжание (podrĭžanije)
* прѣдрьжати (prědrĭžati)
* прѣодрьжати (prěodrĭžati)
* самодрьжитель (samodrĭžitelĭ)
* самодрьжьць (samodrĭžĭcĭ)
* съдрьжание (sŭdrĭžanije)
* съдрьжатель (sŭdrĭžatelĭ)
* съдрьжати (sŭdrĭžati)
* оудрьжание (udrĭžanije)
* оудрьжати (udrĭžati)
# 沃兹基硕德
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 沃兹基硕德 – see 沃茲基碩德. (This term is the simplified form of 沃茲基碩德).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# пляґіят
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [plʲɐɡʲiˈjat]
* Hyphenation: пля‧ґі‧ят

### Noun

пляґія́т • (pljagiját) m inan (genitive пляґія́ту, nominative plural пляґія́ти, genitive plural пляґія́тів)
* 1928–1933 spelling of плагіа́т (plahiát, “plagiarism”), which was deprecated in the orthography reform of 1933

#### Derived terms

* пляґія́тор m pers (pljagijátor, “plagiarist”)
* пляґіюва́ти impf (pljagijuváty)
* пляґія́тити impf (pljagijátyty)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “пляґіят”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
# kurzáć
## Polish
### Etymology

From kurzyć +‎ -acz.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈku.ʐɒt͡ɕ/

### Noun

kurzáć m pers
* (Kielce) Synonym of węglarz (“one who burns coal from wood in the forests”)

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “kurzáć”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 248
# dezayuno
## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Deverbal from dezayunar. Cognate with Spanish desayuno.

#### Noun

dezayuno m (Hebrew spelling דיזאייונו)
* breakfast (the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning)
    Hypernym: almorzo
** 2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 65:Me fui ande Marko ke me aresivio kon brasos aviertos i me kombido a komer un dezayuno savrozo ke avia aprontado su mujer.I went [to] where Marko received me with open arms and invited me to have a savoury breakfast that his mother prepared.

##### Alternative forms

* desayuno

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dezayuno (Hebrew spelling דיזאייונו)
* first-person singular present indicative of dezayunar
* third-person singular preterite indicative of dezayunar

#### References

* ↑ “dezayuno”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.
# փապ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian փապ (pʻap); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pʰɑp/, [pʰɑp]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /pɑb/, [pʰɑb]

### Noun

փապ • (pʻap)
* (archaic, poetic) cave, grotto
* (archaic, poetic) gorge, ravine; canyon
* (archaic, poetic) cleft, crevice, fissure

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is uncertain.

### Noun

փապ • (pʻap)
* crevice, rift, cleft
* cave, cavity, hollow, hole

#### Declension
### Adjective

փապ • (pʻap)
* hollow

#### Derived terms

* անփապ (anpʻap)
* անփապելի (anpʻapeli)
* անօսրափապարք (anōsrapʻaparkʻ)
* նսեմափապ (nsemapʻap)
* փապար (pʻapar)
* փապարեմ (pʻaparem)
* փապարիմ (pʻaparim)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: փապ (pʻap)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “փապ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “փապ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “փապ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# Baleara Maro
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [baleˈara ˈmaro]
* Rhymes: -aro
* Hyphenation: Ba‧le‧a‧ra Ma‧ro

### Proper noun

Baleara Maro (accusative Balearan Maron)
* Balearic Sea
    Holonym: Mediteraneo
    Meronym: Balearoj

### See also

| | Francio | Ligura Maro |
| Hispanio | | Korsiko Markolo de Bonifacio Sardio |
| | Mediteraneo | |
# Hühnerdiebinnen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhyːnɐˌdiːbɪnən]
* Hyphenation: Hüh‧ner‧die‧bin‧nen

### Noun

Hühnerdiebinnen
* nominative/genitive/dative/accusative plural of Hühnerdiebin
# պողոտայ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* պաղատայ (pałatay), պողոտ (połot)

### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܦܠܛܝܐ (plāṭīā, “square, public street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”).

### Noun

պողոտայ • (połotay)
* square
* the centre or the chief square of a city
* thoroughfare, broad street
** 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 206:Արդ՝ ելեալ դահճապետն պարծելով՝ չարամահ առնել զնա, եւ ետ հանել զնոսա շղթայիւք ի քաղաքէն ընդ դուռն հարաւոյ, ընդ կողմն պողոտային որ հանէր ի Մեծամօրի կամուրջն, ի տեղին յայն, ուր սովոր էին սպանանել զամենայն մահապարտս, ի ճախճախուտ տեղի մի, մօտ ի պարկէն փոսին որ շուրջ գայր զքաղաքաւն։ Եւ վարեցին չորս չորս ցիցս միում միում ի նոցանէն։Ard, eleal dahčapetn parcelov, čʻaramah aṙnel zna, ew et hanel znosa šłtʻayiwkʻ i kʻałakʻēn ənd duṙn harawoy, ənd kołmn połotayin or hanēr i Mecamōri kamurǰn, i tełin yayn, ur sovor ēin spananel zamenayn mahaparts, i čaxčaxut tełi mi, mōt i parkēn pʻosin or šurǰ gayr zkʻałakʻawn. Ew varecʻin čʻors čʻors cʻicʻs mium mium i nocʻanēn.Translation by Robert W. ThomsonSo the chief-executioner came out boasting that he would put her to a cruel death. He had them taken in chains out of the city by the South Gate, along the road that leads to the Metsamawr bridge, to the place where they were accustomed to execute those condemned to death, a marshy place near the moat which ran round the city. And they brought four stakes for each one of them.

#### Declension

the plural genitive/dative/ablative can also be պողոտայց (połotaycʻ)

#### Derived terms

* անպողոտայ (anpołotay)
* աշխարհապողոտայ (ašxarhapołotay)
* արտապողոտայ (artapołotay)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: պողոտա (poġota) (learned)

### References

* ↑ Thomson, R. W. (1976) Agathangelos, History of the Armenians‎, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pages 212–213

### Further reading

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պողոտայ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “պողոտայ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “պողոտայ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# 肉块
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 肉块 – see 肉塊 (“lump of meat; piece of flesh”). (This term is the simplified form of 肉塊).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# ґримаса
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡreˈmasɐ]
* Hyphenation: ґри‧ма‧са

### Noun

ґрима́са • (grymása) f inan (genitive ґрима́си, nominative plural ґрима́си, genitive plural ґрима́с)
* 1928–1933 spelling of грима́са (hrymása, “grimace”), which was deprecated in the orthography reform of 1933

#### Derived terms

* ґримасува́ти impf or pf (grymasuváty, “to grimace”)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “ґримаса”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
# नराशंस
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnárāśánsas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnárāćánsas. Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬋⸱𐬯𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (na$^i$riiō.saŋha, “Nairyosangha”, literally “potent utterance”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /n̪ɐ́.ɽɑː.ɕɐ̃́.s̪ɐ/
* (Classical) IPA: /n̪ɐ.ɽɑːˈɕɐ̃.s̪ɐ/

### Proper noun

नराशंस • (nárā-śáṃsa) m
* Possibly literally 'the desire or praise of men': a mystical name of Agni
# eindrücken
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German īndrucken, from Old High German inthrucken, calque of Latin imprimo; equivalent to ein- +‎ drücken (“to press”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaɪ̯nˌdʁʏkn̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ein‧drü‧cken

### Verb

eindrücken (weak, third-person singular present drückt ein, past tense drückte ein, past participle eingedrückt, auxiliary haben)
* to push in

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Eindrücker, Eindrückung
* eindrückbar

#### Related terms

* Eindrücken
* eindrückend, eingedrückt
* abdrücken, wegdrücken, zudrücken

### Further reading

* “eindrücken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “eindrücken” in Duden online
# դրուագ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* դրուակ (druak)

### Etymology

According to Perikhanian, the sense “thin plate” is from Iranian *drubaka-/*draubaka- (“upper layer; peel”), from *draub- (“to scrape off”); compare Sogdian [script needed] (žōβa-, “peel, rind”) and perhaps Ossetian рӕдувын (ræduvyn, “to scrape”). The sense “chapter” is perhaps from Parthian *dōδβāγ (“double; folded twice; scroll”). The two senses were conflated in Armenian.

### Noun

դրուագ • (druag)
* thin plate of metal or other material used as a covering for ornamental purposes; panel
* chapter (in a literary work)

#### Derived terms

* բազմադրուագեալ (bazmadruageal)
* բազմադրուագութիւն (bazmadruagutʻiwn)
* դրուագեմ (druagem)
* դրուագրեմ (druagrem)
* ինքնադրուագեալ (inkʻnadruageal)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: դրվագ (drvag) (learned)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “դրուագ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “դրուագ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “դրուագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Perixanjan, A. G. (1993) Материалы к этимологическому словарю древнеармянского языка. Часть I [Materials for the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Armenian Language. Part 1]‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 34
# Japana Maro
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jaˈpana ˈmaro]
* Rhymes: -aro
* Hyphenation: Ja‧pa‧na Ma‧ro

### Proper noun

Japana Maro (accusative Japanan Maron)
* Sea of Japan

### See also

| | Rusio | |
| Nord-Koreio Sud-Koreio | | Japanio |
| Korea Markolo | | |
# płatnąć
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* płátnąć (Near Masovian)

### Etymology

From płatać +‎ -nąć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpwat.nɔɲt͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -atnɔɲt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: płat‧nąć

### Verb

płatnąć pf (imperfective płatać)
* (transitive, archaic) to cleave, to sever, to slice open, to slit
    Synonyms: rozciąć, rozrąbać

#### Related terms

* płat
* napłatać pf
* odpłatać pf
* popłatać pf
* rozpłatać pf
* rozpłatywać impf
* wypłatać pf

### Further reading

* płatnąć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Մովսէս
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Μωσῆς (Mōsês), from Hebrew משה (Mōšẹ). See also Մուշէ (Mušē).

### Proper noun

Մովսէս • (Movsēs)
* (biblical) Moses
* a male given name

#### Derived terms

* մովսեսաբար (movsesabar)
* մովսեսական (movsesakan)
* մովսեսեան (movsesean)
* մովսէսական (movsēsakan)
* մովսէսապէս (movsēsapēs)
* մովսէսափոյթ (movsēsapʻoytʻ)
* մովսէսեան (movsēsean)
* մովսիսաբար (movsisabar)
* մովսիսաբեր (movsisaber)
* մովսիսագիր (movsisagir)
* մովսիսադիր (movsisadir)
* մովսիսական (movsisakan)
* մովսիսապէս (movsisapēs)
* մովսիսափոյթ (movsisapʻoytʻ)
* մովսիսեան (movsisean)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: Մովսես (Movses)

### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Մովսէս”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# sảo
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [saːw˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂaːw˧˨] ~ [saːw˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂaːw˨˩˦] ~ [saːw˨˩˦]

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Alternative forms

* xảo

#### Noun

(classifier cái) sảo • (𬕍, 稍)
* bamboo lattice basket

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

sảo
* (chiefly of an animal) to give premature birth
# Blausteiners
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈblaʊ̯ʃtaɪ̯nɐs]
* Hyphenation: Blau‧stei‧ners

### Proper noun

Blausteiners
* genitive singular of Blausteiner
# intraframe
## English
### Alternative forms

* intra frame
* intra-frame

### Etymology

From intra- +‎ frame.

### Noun

intraframe (plural intraframes)
* (signal processing) A video frame that does not depend on any other frame for rendering, but simply presents a fixed image. Usually subject to spatial compression.
** 1999, Francis Botto, Dictionary of Multimedia and Internet Applications‎, page 156:The frequency of intraframes determines the frequency of random access points for non-linear playback or editing.

#### Synonyms

* I-frame

#### Coordinate terms

* keyframe
* interframe
* intraframe
* B-frame
* D-frame
* I-frame
* P-frame

#### Related terms

* intra
* intracoding

#### See also

* intraframe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* antifarmer
# el gün
## Turkish
### Etymology

el (“nation, people”) +‎ gün (“foreign people”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm, people”) and Proto-Turkic *kün (“foreign people”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (elgün), Karakhanid [script needed] (el kün), and Azerbaijani el gün.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /el ˈɡyn/

### Noun

el gün
* strangers

#### Usage notes

* Frequently found in the expression ele güne karşı (“in front of strangers”).

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: էլ գյուն (ēl gyun)

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kün”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “el gün”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# գարիմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From *գար (*gar, “pain”), borrowed from the Parthian cognate of Sanskrit गद (gada, “disease”), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬜𐬀 (gaδa, “pain”), Middle Persian [script needed] (gad, “pain; damage”).

### Verb

գարիմ • (garim)
* (intransitive) to be in pain; to hurt

#### Derived terms

* աբգար (abgar)
* անգար (angar)
* անկար (ankar)
* անկարութիւն (ankarutʻiwn)
* աչագար (ačʻagar)
* գարաղութիւն (garałutʻiwn)
* գարելի (gareli)
* գարրելի (garreli)
* գլխագար (glxagar)
* գլխագարութիւն (glxagarutʻiwn)
* լեզուագար (lezuagar)
* լեզուագարեմ (lezuagarem)
* լեզուագարիմ (lezuagarim)
* լեզուագարութիւն (lezuagarutʻiwn)
* խելագար (xelagar)
* խելագարական (xelagarakan)
* խելագարանք (xelagarankʻ)
* խելագարեցուցանեմ (xelagarecʻucʻanem)
* խելագարիմ (xelagarim)
* խելագարութիւն (xelagarutʻiwn)
* միջագար (miǰagar)
* միջագարութիւն (miǰagarutʻiwn)
* ցաւագար (cʻawagar)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “գար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Perixanjan, A. G. (1993) Материалы к этимологическому словарю древнеармянского языка. Часть I [Materials for the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Armenian Language. Part 1]‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 45
# Sudĉina Maro
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sudˈt͡ʃina ˈmaro]
* Rhymes: -aro
* Hyphenation: Sud‧ĉi‧na Ma‧ro

### Proper noun

Sudĉina Maro (accusative Sudĉinan Maron)
* South China Sea

### See also

| | Ĉinio Tajvano | Pacifiko |
| Vjetnamio Kamboĝo Tajlando | | Filipinoj |
| | [Term?] Malajzio | |
# 相槌
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 相 | 槌 |
| あい Grade: 3 | つち > づち Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

From あい (ai-, “mutual, together”) + 槌(つち) (tsuchi, “hammer”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいづち [àízúchí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) あいづち [àízúchíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
* IPA: [a̠izɨt͡ɕi]

### Noun

相(あい)槌(づち) • (aizuchi)
* (archaic, metalworking) (two persons) hammering an object alternately or in unison [from 13th century]
** [c. 1288, Chiribukuro, volume 8:鍛冶があひつちと云ふは、二人むかひてうつゆへ歟Kaji ga aizuchi to iu wa, futari mukai de utsu yue yoWhen a blacksmith says aizuchi they mean two people working face-to-face]
* (construction) a large hammer used to drive a ridgepole, beam, or other large member [from 16th century]
* customary signals made during a conversation to indicate comprehension or attentiveness; backchannelling [from 17th century]

#### Usage notes

In Japanese culture it is considered polite and necessary to indicate while listening that you are in fact listening. In this sense 相槌 is usually done through terse comments, affirmative grunts and other noises, and gesticulations such as a slight nodding of the head. While it is common to do this in the U.S., it is not as clearly defined a custom. Thus, it is not generally considered impolite when a person doesn't make such signals.

#### Derived terms

* 相槌(あいづち)を打(う)つ (aizuchi o utsu): chime in

#### Descendants

* → English: aizuchi

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* “あい‐づち”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here