# कला
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.lɑː/, [kɐ.läː]

### Noun

कला • (kalā) f (Urdu spelling کلا)
* art

#### Declension
### See also

Colors in Hindi · रंग (raṅg) (layout · text) :
| सफ़ेद (safed), श्वेत (śvet), ऊजर (ūjar) | धूसर (dhūsar), छाई (chāī) | काला (kālā), कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), श्याम (śyām) |
| लाल (lāl), लोहित (lohit), सुर्ख़ (surx), राता (rātā); गहरा लाल (gahrā lāl), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī) | नारंगी (nāraṅgī), माल्टा (mālṭā); भूरा (bhūrā), पिङ्गल (piṅgal) | पीला (pīlā), पियर (piyar), पीत (pīt); मलाई (malāī) |
| नींबू (nīmbū), सुगा पंछी (sugā pañchī) | हरा (harā), हरित (harit) | |
| फ़िरोज़ा (firozā) | आकाशी (ākāśī), आसमानी (āsmānī) | नीला (nīlā), नील (nīl) |
| जामुनी (jāmunī); नील (nīl) | रानी (rānī); बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), जामुनी (jāmunī) | गुलाबी (gulābī), पाटल (pāṭal) |

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कला (kalā). Cognate with Gujarati કલા (kalā), Hindi कला (kalā), Konkani कला (kalā), Nepali कला (kalā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.la/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

कला • (kalā) f
* art

#### Derived terms

* कलाकार (kalākār, “artist”)
* कलाकुसर (kalākusar, “craft work”)
* कलाकृती (kalākŕtī, “artwork”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कला”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कला”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “कला”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

## Old Gujarati
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).

### Noun

कला • (kalā) f
* art

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কলা (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬮᬵ (Balinese script)
* কলা (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰩𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀮𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ကလာ (Burmese script)
* કલા (Gujarati script)
* ਕਲਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌲𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦭꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂪𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಲಾ (Kannada script)
* កលា (Khmer script)
* ກລາ (Lao script)
* കലാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᠯᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘩𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠯᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧉𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐮𑐵 (Newa script)
* କଲା (Odia script)
* ꢒꢭꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆬𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖩𑖯 (Siddham script)
* කලා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩽𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚥𑚭 (Takri script)
* கலா (Tamil script)
* కలా (Telugu script)
* กลา (Thai script)
* ཀ་ལཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒪𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨬𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ.lɑ́ː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɐ.l̪ɑː/

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. The meaning "art" possibly borrowed from Dravidian *kal-ay "art, skill" related to *kal meaning "to learn". Compare கலை (kalai).

#### Noun

कला • (kalā́) stem, f
* a small part of anything, any single part or portion of a whole, especially a sixteenth part
* a digit or one-sixteenth of the moon’s diameter
* a symbolical expression for the number sixteen
* interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it)
* a division of time (said to be 1/900 of a day or 1-6 minutes; or 1/1800 of a day or 0-8 minutes commentator or commentary on; or 2 minutes and 26 54/201 seconds; or 1 minute and 35 205/301, seconds, or 8 seconds)
* the sixtieth part of one-thirtieth of a zodiacal sign, a minute of a degree
* (prosody) a syllabic instant
* a term for the seven substrata of the elements or Dhatus of the human body (viz. flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, and semen)
* an atom (there are 3015 kalā-s or atoms in every one of the six dhātu-s, not counting the rasa-,therefore in all 18090)
* (with pāśupata-s) the elements of the gross or material world
* an embryo shortly after conception
* a designation of the three constituent parts of a sacrifice (viz. mantra-, dravya- and śraddhā-)
* the menstrual discharge
* any practical art, any mechanical or fine art (sixty-four are enumerated in the śaivatantra-;the following is a list of them: gītam-, vādyam-, nṛtyam-, nāṭyam-, ālekhyam-, viśeṣaka-cchedyam-, taṇḍula-kusuma-balivikārāḥ-, puṣpāstaranam-, daśana-vasanāṅgarāgāḥ-, maṇi-bhūmikā-karma-, śayana-racanam-, udaka-vādyam-, udaka-ghātaḥ-, citrā yogāḥ-, mālya-granthana-vikalpāḥ-, keśa-śekharāpīḍayojanam-, nepathya-yogāḥ-, karṇa-pattra-bhaṅgāḥ-, gandha-yuktiḥ-, bhūṣaṇa-yojanam-, indrajālam-, kaucumāra-yogāḥ-, hasta-lāghavam-, citraśākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyā-, pānaka-rasarāgāsava-yojanam-, sūcīvāpa-karma-, vīṇā-ḍama-ruka-sūtra-krīḍā-, prahelikā-, pratimā-, durvacakayogāḥ-, pustaka-vācanam-, nāṭakākhyāyikā-darśanam-, kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam-, paṭṭikā-vetrabāṇa-vikalpāḥ-, tarkū-karmāṇi-, takṣaṇam-, vāstu-vidyā-, rūpya-ratna-parīkṣā-, dhātu-vādaḥ-, maṇi-rāga-jñānam-, ākara-jñānam-, vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ-, meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ-, śuka-sārikā-pralāpanam-, utsādanam-, keśa-mārjana-kauśalam-, akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam-, mlechitaka-vikalpāḥ-, deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam-, puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nimitta-jñānam-, yantra-mātṛkā-, dhāraṇa-mātṛkā-, saṃpāṭyam-, mānasī kāvya-kriyā-, kriyā-vikalpāḥ-, chalitakayogāḥ-, abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam-, vastra-gopanāni-, dyūta-viśeṣaḥ-, ākarṣaṇa-krīḍā-, bālaka-krīḍanakāni-, vaināyikīnāṃ vidyāṇāṃ jñānam-, vaijayikīnāṃ vidyānāṃ jñānam-)
* skill, ingenuity
* ignorance
* a low and sweet tone
* name of a grammatical commentary

##### Descendants

* Central:
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: कल (kal)
*** Urdu: کَل (kal)
* Dardic:
** Kashmiri:
*** Arabic script: کَل (kal)
*** Devanagari script: कल (kal)
* Northwestern:
** Lahnda: کَل
** Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: ਕਲ਼ (kaḷ)
*** Shahmukhi script: کَلؕ (kaḷ)
** Sindhi:
*** Arabic script: ڪَل
*** Devanagari script: कल
* Southern:
** Dhivehi: ކާލި (kāli)
** Marathi: कळ् (kaḷ)
** Sinhalese: කල (kala)
* Eastern:
** Bengali: কল (kol)
** Odia: କଳ (kaḷa)
* Western:
** Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)
* → Newar:
** Devanagari script: कल (kala)
** Newa script: 𑐎𑐮 (kala)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கலம் (kalam).

#### Noun

कला • (kalā) stem, f
* a boat

##### Declension
#### Proper noun

कला • (kalā) stem, f
* a wife of Marichi
* a name of Sati (Hindu goddess)

##### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कला”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 261, column 1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kalā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 149
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kalā́”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 321-2
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “kalā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 72