# napoleon
## English
### Alternative forms

* Napoleon

### Etymology

Borrowed from French Napoléon (“given name, usually in reference to Napoleon Bonaparte”). In reference to coins, via French napoléon (“(slang) a coin that originally had the appearance of Napoleon's face in the obverse”). In reference to guns and possibly cards, in reference to Napoleon III.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /nəˈpəʊlɪən/
* (US) IPA: /nəˈpoʊli.ən/, /nəˈpoʊljn/, /nəˈpoʊljən/
    Rhymes: -əʊliən

### Noun

napoleon (countable and uncountable, plural napoleons)
* (historical numismatics, slang) The franc germinal: a 20-franc gold coin issued under Napoleon I of France.
* (historical numismatics, slang) Other subsequent 20-franc coins, notes, or values.
** 1891, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Red-Headed League, Norton, published 2005, page 67:We had occasion some months ago to strengthen our resources, and borrowed, for that purpose, thirty thousand napoleons from the Bank of France.
* (usually admiringly derogatory) A person resembling Napoleon Bonaparte, (usually) in having come to dominate an area or sphere of activity through ruthlessness or illegality as well as surpassing ability.
** 1894, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, page 260:He [sc. James Moriarty] is the Napoleon of crime, Watson. He is the organizer of half that is evil and of nearly all that is undetected in this great city [sc. London]. He is a genius, a philosopher, an abstract thinker.
** 1896, J.S. Ogilvie, The Life and Speeches of William McKinley:He [sc. McKinley] has been called the Napoleon of protection, as other men have been called Napoleons of finance.
** 1997, Ben Macintyre, The Napoleon of Crime: The Life and Times of Adam Worth, Master Thief:
* (fashion, obsolete) Clipping of Napoleon boot: a form of topboot worn by officers during the Napoleonic Wars.
** 2011, Robert Morgan, Lions of the West::Always an eloquent speaker, Polk became known as the Napoleon of the stump.
* (historical weaponry) Clipping of Napoleon gun: a 12-pounder cannon first used by the Second French Empire.
* (card games, uncountable) A 19th-century five-card trick-taking game simplified from euchre.
* (card games, uncountable) Clipping of double napoleon: a form of patience.
* (rare UK horse racing slang, obsolete) Alternative form of nap: a horse to go nap on, a sure thing, a certain winner; a prediction of such a horse; a bet on such a horse.
* Clipping of Napoleon bigarreau: a variety of the white-fleshed bigarreau cherry; a variety of cherry tree bearing such fruit.
* (food, originally US slang) Clipping of Napoleon cake: another name for a millefeuille pastry.
** 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), page 373, column 1:Fascinated, Miss Manvers thrust aside a garnished plate, took a gulp of the decoction called coffee, and attacked her napoleon.
* (rare) Clipping of Napoleon brandy: any excellent brandy; a serving of such a brandy.
* Short for Napoleon slice.

#### Synonyms

* (gold coin): louis, louis d'or, franc germinal
* (pastry): custard slice, vanilla slice, mille-feuille, millefeuille

#### Hyponyms

(stacked pastry):
* strawberry napoleon
* raspberry napoleon
* berry napoleon

#### Derived terms

* double napoleon, double Napoleon
* nap (as a card game)
* napoleon bigarreau, Napoleon bigarreau, Napoleon Bigarreau
* napoleon boot, Napoleon boot
* napoleon brandy, Napoleon brandy
* napoleon cake, Napoleon cake
* napoleon cherry, Napoleon cherry
* napoleon gun, Napoleon gun
* napoleon pastry, Napoleon pastry

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ "Napoleon, n.¹" in the Oxford English Dictionary (2003), Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French napoléon. Named after Napoleon Bonaparte, whose image the coins originally bore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naːˈpoː.leː.ɔn/, /naːˈpoː.li.ɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na‧po‧le‧on

### Noun

napoleon m (plural napoleons)
* (historical, numismatics) the 20-franc gold coin, the franc germinal, originally issued under Napoleon, but also used of subsequent gold coins of the same denomination

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French napoléon, named after French military and political leader Napoleon Bonaparte.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.pɔˈlɛ.ɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɔn
* Syllabification: na‧po‧le‧on
* Homophone: Napoleon

### Noun

napoleon m animal
* (historical) napoleon (colloquial term for a former French gold coin, the 20-franc gold coin)
    Synonym: napoleondor

#### Related terms

* napoleoński
* Napoleon
* napoleondor
* napoleoniana
* napoleonika
* napoleonista
* napoleonizm
* napoleonka

### Further reading

* napoleon in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French napoléon.

### Noun

napoleon m (plural napoleoni)
* napoleon (coin)