# mess
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛs

### Etymology 1

Perhaps a corruption of Middle English mesh (“mash”), compare muss, or derived from Etymology 2 "mixed foods, as for animals". Compare also Old English mes (“dung, excrement”).

#### Noun

mess (countable and uncountable, plural messes)
* A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding.
** 2006 Feb. 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 4:
    No, look, I know that the place looks like a bit of a mess but it's actually a very delicate ecosystem. Everything is connected. It's like the rainforest. You change one thing, even the tiniest bit, and the whooole rainforest dies. You don't want the rainforest to die, do ya?
    Synonyms: disorder; see also Thesaurus:disorder
    He made a mess of it.
    My bedroom is such a mess; I need to tidy up.
* (colloquial) A large quantity or number.
    My boss dumped a whole mess of projects on my desk today.
    She brought back a mess of fish to fix for supper.
* (euphemistic) Excrement.
    There was dog mess all along the street.
    Did you hear that? It scared the mess out of me.
* (figuratively) A person in a state of (especially emotional) turmoil or disarray; an emotional wreck.
    Between the pain and the depression, I'm a mess.
    He's been a mess and a half ever since you excommunicated him.

##### Translations
#### Verb

mess (third-person singular simple present messes, present participle messing, simple past and past participle messed)
* (transitive, often used with "up") To make untidy or dirty.
** To make soiled by defecating.
*** 2000 March 12, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):It seems like all you do is cry, eat, and mess your diapers!
** To make soiled by ejaculating.
* (transitive, often used with "up") To throw into disorder or to ruin.
** 1905, Arthur Colton, The Belted Seas‎, page 76:But it wasn't right to be messing another man's sleep with tidal waves that didn't belong to the other man.
* (intransitive) To interfere.
    This doesn't concern you. Don't mess.

##### Translations
#### Derived terms

* don't mess with success
* hot mess
* in a mess
* mess about
* mess around
* mess up
* mess-up
* mess with
* mess with the bull and you get the horns
* messy

### Etymology 2

From Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”), a vernacular loan from Latin/Late Latin mē(n)sa (“table; meal”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). See mission, and compare Mass (“religious service”).

#### Noun

mess (plural messes)
* (obsolete) Mass; a church service.
* (archaic) A quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food for a person or party for one meal; also, the food given to an animal at one time.
** c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, letter to one in prison for the profession of the Gospel
    a mess of pottage
** a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:At their savoury dinner set / Of herbs and other country messes.
** 1903, Henry Yule, Arthur Burnell, Hobson-Jobson:[Curry] consists of meat, fish, fruit, or vegetables, cooked with a quantity of bruised spices and turmeric […] ; and a little of this gives a flavour to a large mess of rice.
* (collective) A number of persons who eat together, and for whom food is prepared in common, especially military personnel who eat at the same table.
    the wardroom mess
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 291:But that our Feaſts / In euery Meſſe, haue folly; and the Feeders / Digeſt with a Cuſtome,
* A building or room in which mess is eaten.
** 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 20:The police mess had formerly been a maternity home for the wives of the Sultans of the state. Faded and tatty, peeling, floorboards eaten and unpolished, its philoprogenitive glory was a memory only.
* A set of four (from the old practice of dividing companies into sets of four at dinner).
* (US) The milk given by a cow at one milking.
* (collective) A group of iguanas.
    Synonym: slaughter
* (cooking) A dessert of fruit and cream, similar to a fool.
** 1913, Pearson's Magazine, volume 36, part 2, page 373:Eton is renowned for its "messes," and "strawberry mess" is Empress of them all, with raspberry mess as a very good second. It does not at all convey the joys of a "mess" to say that it consists of iced fruit and cream, and somewhat resembles a "fool." It is a thing apart, and should be approached with bated breath and unimpaired capacity.
** 1916, Edward Frederic Benson, David Blaize, page 284:"I'll stand you both strawberry mess." It was perfectly impossible for David not to feel elated at sitting down to strawberry-mess with two members of the eleven, in the full light of day, and in sight of the school generally […]
** 2014, Lindsey Bareham, Just One Pot:Eton mess, for example, which is another name for strawberry fool, links the name of a famous public school with disorder or the army slang for a meal, [...] One friend remembered a banana mess of mashed banana with two scoops of ice cream and loads of cream, and thought the strawberry version something that might be served at the 4th June College picnic, [...]
** 2015, Darra Goldstein, Sidney Mintz, Michael Krondl, Laura Mason, The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 243:Similar desserts [to Eton Mess] include Lancing Mess (made with bananas), served at Lancing College in Sussex, and Clare College Mush […]
** 2020, Nigel Napier-Andrews, Gentleman's Portion: The Cookbook:One Old Etonian rages that at school the dessert was simply called 'strawberry mess' and was very popular in the tuck shop. It is only outside Eton that the school's name has been added. A similar 'banana mess' is credited to School in Sussex, […]

##### Derived terms

* Eton mess
* hot mess
* lose the number of one's mess
* mess bag
* mess beef
* mess dress
* mess hall
* mess jacket
* mess kit
* mess of pottage
* mess room, messroom
* mess set
* mess tent
* mess tin
* mess trap
* mess uniform
* Mills Mess

##### Descendants

* → Portuguese: messe

##### Further reading

* Mess (military) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

#### Verb

mess (third-person singular simple present messes, present participle messing, simple past and past participle messed)
* (intransitive) To take meals with a mess.
* (intransitive) To belong to a mess.
* (intransitive) To eat (with others).
** 1836, George Simpson & al., HBC Standing Rules and Regulations, §18:
    Resolved 18. That no Guide or Interpreter whether at the Factory Depot or Inland be permitted to mess with Commissioned Gentlemen or Clerks in charge of Posts; but while at the Depot they will be allowed per Week 4 days ordinary rations...
    I mess with the wardroom officers.
* (transitive) To supply with a mess.

### Further reading

* Mess (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* “mess”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* MSEs, MSes, Mses, Mses., SEMs, SMEs, sems

## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* messél, metssz, metsszél

### Etymology

metsz +‎ -j (personal suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛʃː]
* Hyphenation: mess
* Rhymes: -ɛʃː

### Verb

mess
* second-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of metsz

## Maltese

* Root
* m-s-s
* 3 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic مَسَّ (massa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛs/

### Verb

mess (imperfect jmiss, past participle mimsus)
* to touch
** 2022, Nadia Mifsud, meta tinfetaq il-folla, Ede Books, →ISBN:f’żarbun ġa ssikkat. irkiekel dahri tat-terrakotta － ’kk tmisshom, isiru frak. dil-belt tentakli waħedha － għoddha qalftitni fatat.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (figurative) to touch, to affect

#### Conjugation
## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish mess (“nuts”), from Proto-Celtic *messus (“acorn”). Cognate with Irish meas (“fruit, mast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meːs/

### Noun

mess m (genitive singular mess, plural messyn)
* (botany) fruit

#### Derived terms

* messghart

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

mess
* imperative of messe

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* mes

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲes]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *messus (“judgement”), from Proto-Indo-European *med-.

#### Noun

mess m (genitive messa, nominative plural mesai)
* verbal noun of midithir
* judgment
For quotations using this term, see Citations:mess.

##### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* ammus
* commus
* dímess
* díummus
* fomus
* frithmius
* immarmus
* tomus

##### Descendants

* Irish: meas
* Scottish Gaelic: meas

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 mes(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *messus (“acorn”).

#### Noun

mess m (genitive messa)
* (collective) tree nuts, mast

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: mes, mess
** Irish: meas
** Manx: mess
** Scottish Gaelic: meas

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 mes(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Clipping of sms.

### Noun

mess n
* (colloquial) text message
    Synonym: sms

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | mess | mess |
| singular | definite | messet | messets |
| plural | indefinite | mess | mess |
| plural | definite | messen | messens |

#### Derived terms

* messa

### References

* mess in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mess in Svensk ordbok (SO)

## Vilamovian
### Etymology

From Middle High German messinc, from Proto-Germanic *masjinga-, of uncertain ultimate origin. Perhaps derived from Ancient Greek Μοσσύνοικοι (Mossúnoikoi, “Mossynoeci”), the name of an ancient people connected with metallurgy; or alternatively from Latin massa (“lump (of metal)”).

### Noun

mess n
* brass

#### Related terms

* messera