# capall
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish capall, related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑpˠəl̪ˠ/, /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/

### Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, nominative plural capaill)
* horse (large hoofed animal)
    Synonym: each
    Is minic a rinne bromach gioblach capall cumasach. (proverb)Many a ragged colt made a noble horse.
* (Ulster) mare
    Synonym: láir
* (genitive singular as attributive adjective) large, coarse (species of something)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
capall
capaill
vocative
a chapaill
a chapalla
genitive
capaill
capall
dative
capall
capaill
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an capall
na capaill
genitive
an chapaill
na gcapall
dative
leis an gcapall don chapall
leis na capaill :
* Alternative plural: caiple (Cois Fharraige)

#### Hyponyms

* bromach (“colt”)
* cairiún (“gelding”)
* cliobóg (“filly”)
* gearrán (“gelding”)
* láir (“mare”)
* láireog (“filly”)
* searrach (“foal”)
* stail (“stallion”)

#### Derived terms

* ar chapall (“on horseback”, adverb)
* ar muin capaill (“on horseback”, adverb)
* athchapall m (“remount”)
* beach chapaill f (“wasp”)
* beithíoch capaill (“horse”)
* buaic capaill (“crest of horse”)
* capaill bhána m pl (“white horses, crested waves”)
* capaillín m (“pony”)
* capall ardfhola m (“thorough-bred horse”)
* capall ardualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
* capall cogaidh m (“charger”)
* capall coille m (“capercaillie”)
* capall cóiste m (“coach-horse”)
* capall diallaite m (“saddle-horse”)
* capall fiaigh m (“hunter”)
* capall folaíochta m (“thoroughbred horse”)
* capall luascáin m (“rocking-horse”)
* capall maide m (“hobby-horse”)
* capall marcaíochta m (“hackney”)
* capall marclaigh m (“pack-horse”)
* capall rása m (“racehorse”)
* capall sáiteach m (“borer”)
* capall sealaíochta m (“relay horse”)
* capall seilge m (“hunter”)
* capall tarlaithe m (“draught-horse”)
* capall tarraingthe m (“draught-horse”)
* capall ualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
* capallach (“equine”, adjective)
* cíor chapaill f (“curry-comb”)
* cnó capaill m (“horse-chestnut”)
* coiléar capaill m (“horse-collar”)
* coirb capaill (“withers”)
* cruimh chapaill f (“grub of tiger moth”)
* eireaball capaill (“horsetail”)
* faocha chapaill f (“whelk”)
* féar capaill m (“cat’s-tail grass”)
* feoil chapaill f (“horsemeat”)
* fia-chapall m (“wild horse”)
* gearrchapall m (“pony”)
* giolla capaill m (“horse-boy”)
* leathchapall m (“medium-sized horse, cob”)
* pana capaill (“horse-cloth, housing”)
* péist chapaill f (“large caterpillar”)
* rás capall (“horse race”)
* rásaíocht chapall f (“horse-racing”)
* scothchapall m (“medium-sized horse”)
* seamair chapaill f (“red clover”)
* seangán capaill m (“black ant”)
* sos capall (“relay of horses”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 15, page 17
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 147
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 361, page 123

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “capall”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “capall”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “capall”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkapal͈]

### Noun

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)
* horse

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | capall | capall$^L$ | capaill$^L$ |
| Vocative | capaill | capall$^L$ | caipliu$^H$ |
| Accusative | capall$^N$ | capall$^L$ | caipliu$^H$ |
| Genitive | capaill$^L$ | capall | capall$^N$ |
| Dative | capull$^L$ | caiplib | caiplib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: capall
* Manx: cabbyl
* Scottish Gaelic: capall
* → Old Norse: kapall
** Icelandic: kapall

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1987) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages C-33-34
* ↑ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 567; reprinted 2017

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish capall (“horse”), related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰahpəl̪ˠ/

### Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, plural capaill)
* colt
* mare (female horse)

#### Usage notes

* Even when meaning "mare", retains masculine gender.

#### Derived terms

* capall-aibhne (“hippopotamus”)
* capall-coille (“capercaillie”)
* capall-lìn (“flax beater”)
* capall-mara (“seahorse”)
* capall-uallaich (“packhorse”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “capall”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language