# um-
## English
### Alternative forms

* umbe-, umb-

### Etymology

From Middle English um-, umbe-, embe-, from Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Dutch om- (“around”), German um- (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), Latin ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”).

### Prefix

um-
* (rare, now rarely productive, primarily in dialects, chiefly Scotland) Prefix meaning around, about.

#### Derived terms

* umbeclip
* umbedo
* umbehold
* umbelie
* umbesiege
* umbestount
* umbestride
* umbeweround
* umboth
* umbothman
* umbworld
* umlock
* umstart

### Anagrams

* -mu-, MU, Mu, mu

## Faroese
### Etymology

From the preposition um.

### Prefix

um-
* over, about, around

#### Derived terms
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German um-, umb-, umme-, umbe-, from Old High German umbi- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”). Cognate with English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊm/, [ʔʊm]
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

um- (separable or inseparable)
* round, round about
* repeatedly, over again, re-
* in another way
* to the ground, down, over

#### Usage notes

When this prefix is separable, the stress falls on the prefix: ˈumbiegen, ˈumbilden, ˈumdeuten, ˈumbenennen. When inseparable, the stress falls on the root: umˈflattern, umˈfluten, umˈgaukeln, umˈmauern, umˈgeben. The prefix is only unstressed/inseparable when referring to the first meaning. Sometimes this creates contrasting words with opposite meaning, only distinguished in stress and therefore undistinguishable in writing, e.g. umˈfahren (“drive around something”), ˈumfahren (“drive something over”).

#### Derived terms

* umarbeiten
* umarmen
* umbiegen
* umbilden
* umbringen
* umdeuten
* umdrehen
* umfahren
* umfärben
* umfassen
* umfluten
* umgarnen
* umgeben
* umgehen
* umgrenzen
* umgürten
* umkämpfen
* umladen
* umlagern
* umlegen
* ummanteln
* ummauern
* umnieten
* umpacken
* umpolen
* umpusten
* umrennen
* umsatteln
* umschalten
* umschiffen
* umschlagen
* umschließen
* umschlingen
* umsetzen
* umspinnen
* umsteigen
* umstellen
* umstoßen
* umstürzen
* umtrampeln
* umtreten
* umtüten
* umverteilen
* umwandeln
* umwerfen
* umwickeln
* umwinden
* umzäunen
* umziehen
* umzingeln

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Swazi
### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

um-
* Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

See -um-.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔum/ [ʔʊm]
* Syllabification: um-

### Prefix

um- (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜋ᜔)
* prefix form of -um- for verbs starting with a vowel
    Umulan kanina.It rained a while ago.
    Umalis na ako.I already left.

### See also
## Xhosa
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

um-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

um-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

úm-
* Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

úm-
* Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “um-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “um-”