# καίω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κάω (káō) — Attic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kayyō, past that is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w- (“to burn”), with cognates such as Lithuanian kūlė̃ (“smut fungus ("burnt fungus")”), Latvian kūla (“old; dry; grass of last year”), and possibly Persian سو (su, “light”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎi̯.ɔː/ → /ˈcɛ.o/ → /ˈce.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kǎi̯.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkɛ.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈcɛ.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈce.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈce.o/

### Verb

καίω • (kaíō)
* to light, kindle, set on fire
* to burn, burn up
* to cause to be extremely cold (e.g. of frost)
* (passive voice) to burn with passion
* (middle voice) to make a fire for oneself
* (medicine) to cauterize

#### Antonyms

* σβέννυμι (sbénnumi)

#### Derived terms

* ἀνακαίω (anakaíō)

#### Related terms

* καημένος (kaēménos)
* καῦμα (kaûma)
* καυμός (kaumós)
* καῦσις (kaûsis)
* καῦσος (kaûsos)
* καυ(σ)τήρ (kau(s)tḗr)
* καυ(σ)τός (kau(s)tós)
* καύσων (kaúsōn)
* κήλεος (kḗleos)
* πυρκαϊά (purkaïá)

#### Descendants

* Greek: καίω (kaío), καίγω (kaígo)
* English: ink

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 618

### Further reading

* “καίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “καίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “καίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* καίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* καίω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “καίω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2545 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

## Greek
### Alternative forms

* καίγω (kaígo) (less frequent)

### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek καίω (kaíō); the form καίγω (kaígo), from Medieval καίγω (kaígō), from Proto-Hellenic *kayyō. Also see καύση (káfsi, “burning”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈce.o/
* Hyphenation: καί‧ω

### Verb

καίω • (kaío) (past έκαψα, passive καίγομαι, p‑past κάηκα, ppp καμένος)
* (transitive, intransitive) to burn, burn down, set on fire
* to cremate
* to singe
* to sterilise

#### Derived terms

* το καίω (to kaío, “I celebrate very much”, literally “I burn it!”) (idiomatic)

#### Related terms

* αποκαίω (apokaío, “burn completely”), αποκαίγω (apokaígo)
* κατακαίω (katakaío, “burn completely”), κατακαίγω (katakaígo)
* κρυφοκαίω (kryfokaío, “burn secretly”)
* συγκαίω (sygkaío)
From stem καψ-
* καψαλίζω (kapsalízo, “to scorch”) & related words
* καψερός (kapserós)
* κάψιμο n (kápsimo)
* καψόνι n (kapsóni)
* καψούρης (kapsoúris)
From stem καυ- as in the ancient verb καίω (kaíō)
* see: καύση f (káfsi, “burning, combustion”)

### Further reading

* καίω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language