# शिव
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɪʋ/
* (mimicking Sanskrit) (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɪ.ʋɑː/, [ʃɪ.ʋäː]

### Proper noun

शिव • (śiv) m
* (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শিৱ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬶᬯ (Balinese script)
* শিব (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰰𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀺𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* ၐိဝ (Burmese script)
* શિવ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਿਵ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌿𑌵 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦶꦮ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂱𑂫 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಿವ (Kannada script)
* ឝិវ (Khmer script)
* ຨິວ (Lao script)
* ശിവ (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘱𑘪 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧒𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐶𑐰 (Newa script)
* ଶିଵ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢶꢮ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆴𑆮 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖰𑖪 (Siddham script)
* ශිව (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩑𑩾 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚮𑚦 (Takri script)
* ஶிவ (Tamil script)
* శివ (Telugu script)
* ศิว (Thai script)
* ཤི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒱𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨁𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सुशिश्वि (suśiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śivá, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕi.ʋɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕi.ʋɐ/

### Proper noun

शिव • (śiva) stem, m
* (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:शिव
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.926.19:ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः। जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ. jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.
** c. 900 CE – 1500, Śiva Purāṇa 4.42.13:अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥ यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam. yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate.Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.
* a second Shiva; especially emancipated; a class of such Brahmans
* (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
* a male given name

#### Derived terms

* शिवबीज (śivabīja)
* शिवलिङ्ग (śivaliṅga, “phallic image of Shiva”)
* शिवा (śivā)
* शिवोऽहम् (śivoʼham, “"I am Shiva", a mantra”)
* शैव (śaiva, “Shaivism”)
* ॐ नमः शिवाय (oṃ namaḥ śivāya)

### Adjective

शिव • (śivá) stem
* auspicious, favourable
    शिवम् ― śivám ― kindly, tenderly'
* happy, fortunate

#### Declension
### Noun

शिव • (śivá) stem, m or n
* m happiness, welfare
* m liberation, final emancipation
* n welfare, prosperity, bliss

#### Declension
### Descendants

* Assamese: শিৱ (xiw)
* Bengali: শিব (śibo)
* → Chinese: 濕婆 / 湿婆 (Shīpó)
* Marathi: शिव (śiv)
* Gujarati: શિવ (śiv)
* Hindi: शिव (śiv)
* → Javanese: Siwah
* → Kannada: ಶಿವ (śiva)
* → Khmer: សិវៈ (sevaʼ), សូលី (soulii)
* Odia: ଶିବ (śiba)
* Tamil: சிவன் (civaṉ)
* Pali: Siva
** → Burmese: သိဝ (si.wa.)
** → Thai: ศิวะ (sì-wá)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शिव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1074.