# 慈善
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): císhàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$ sin$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-san
    (Hailu, HRS): cii shan$^˖$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chû-siān / chîr-siǎn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$ siang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy-zoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: císhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíhshàn
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$-shan$^4$
*** Yale: tsź-shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyrshann
*** Palladius: цышань (cyšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$ sin$^6$
*** Yale: chìh sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$ sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$ xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹ siːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-san
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$ san
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$ san$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ san⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii shan$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ʃan³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-siān
*** Tâi-lô: tsû-siān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zusien
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ siɛn³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² siɛn²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-siǎn
*** Tâi-lô: tsîr-siǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ce$^5$ siang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ siăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy-zoe
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$ zoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr-zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzi dzyenX
Rime :
| Character | 慈 | 善 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 疾之切 | 常演切 |
| Baxter | dzi | dzyenX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨ/ | /d͡ʑiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɨ/ | /d͡ʑiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zie/ | /d͡ʑjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɨ/ | /d͡ʑian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziə/ | /ʑiɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭə/ | /ʑĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ | /ʑi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí | shàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ | sin$^6$ |

### Adjective

慈善
* benevolent; charitable; philanthropic
    慈善音樂會／慈善音乐会 ― císhàn yīnyuèhuì ― charity concert

#### Synonyms

* 慈悲 (cíbēi)

#### Derived terms

* 公益慈善團體 / 公益慈善团体
* 慈善事業 / 慈善事业
* 慈善家 (císhànjiā)
* 慈善機構 / 慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
* 防癆慈善紀念票 / 防痨慈善纪念票

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 慈(じ)善(ぜん) (jizen)
* → Korean: 자선(慈善) (jaseon)
* → Vietnamese: từ thiện (慈善)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 慈 | 善 |
| じ Grade: S | ぜん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じぜん [jìzéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑizẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

慈(じ)善(ぜん) • (jizen)
* charity; benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need

#### Synonyms

* 慈愛
* 思いやり
* 寛容
* 寛大さ
* チャリティー

#### Antonyms

* 貪欲 (とんよく, ton'yoku; or たんよく, tan'yoku): greed

#### Coordinate terms

* (virtue): chastity, diligence, patience, kindness, humility, temperance

#### Derived terms

* 慈善心: a charitable spirit
* 慈善団体: charitable organizations

#### See also

* 慈善 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ja}$
* Charity on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 慈 | 善 |

### Noun

慈善 • (jaseon) (hangeul 자선)
* hanja form of 자선 (“charity”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 慈 | 善 |

### Adjective

慈善
* chữ Hán form of từ thiện (“charitable; philanthropic”).