# 睦

| 睦 | U+7766, &#30566; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7766 |
| ← 睥 [U+7765] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 睧 → [U+7767] |

## Translingual
### Han character

睦 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月山土金土 (BUGCG), four-corner 6401$_4$, composition ⿰目坴)
* friendly, amiable, peaceful

#### Derived characters

* 𬞝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23460
* Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2494, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7766

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 睦
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 睦 | *mluɡ |
| 坴 | *m·ruɡ |
| 陸 | *m·ruɡ |
| 稑 | *ruɡ |
| 鵱 | *ruɡ |
| 鯥 | *ruɡ |
| 淕 | *ruɡ |
| 踛 | *ruɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mluɡ) : semantic 目 (“eyes”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mù (mu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): mug$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mŭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): borh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$
*** Yale: mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$
*** Yale: muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: mug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /muk²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /muʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: borh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: borh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /mok̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 睦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 莫六切 |
| Baxter | mjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /miuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | muk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[uk]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mluɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 睦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*mr[uk]/ |
| English | concord |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 睦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8531 |
| Phonetic component | 坴 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 目 |
| Old Chinese | /*mluɡ/ |
| Notes | 古文從囧圥聲 |

### Definitions

睦
* harmonious

### Compounds

* 一睦
* 上和下睦
* 不睦 (bùmù)
* 修睦
* 內睦 / 内睦
* 協睦 / 协睦
* 友睦
* 和睦 (hémù)
* 孝睦
* 平睦
* 悌睦
* 惇睦
* 慈睦
* 敦睦 (dūnmù)
* 敦親睦鄰 / 敦亲睦邻
* 朱陳之睦 / 朱陈之睦
* 柔睦
* 歡睦 / 欢睦
* 潘楊之睦 / 潘杨之睦
* 睦劇 / 睦剧
* 睦友
* 睦孰
* 睦崇
* 睦忍
* 睦愛 / 睦爱
* 睦族
* 睦睦
* 睦親 / 睦亲
* 睦誼 / 睦谊
* 睦鄰 / 睦邻 (mùlín)
* 睦雍
* 篤睦 / 笃睦
* 緝睦 / 缉睦
* 肅睦 / 肃睦
* 脩睦
* 褒睦
* 親睦 / 亲睦 (qīnmù)
* 講信修睦 / 讲信修睦
* 貴睦 / 贵睦
* 輯睦 / 辑睦 (jímù)
* 還睦 / 还睦
* 邕睦
* 鄰睦 / 邻睦
* 雍睦
* 顧睦 / 顾睦

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “睦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* harmony

#### Readings

* Go-on: もく (moku)
* Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
* Kun: むつまじい (mutsumajii, 睦まじい)、むつぶ (mutsubu, 睦ぶ)、むつむ (mutsumu, 睦む)
* Nanori: むつ (mutsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 睦
* むつ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
No longer productive in Old Japanese. Only found in lexicalised forms, some of which are listed below.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɯ̟t͡sɨ]

#### Affix

睦(むつ) • (mutsu)
* in good relations

##### Derived terms

* 睦言(むつごと) (mutsugoto)
* 睦魂(むつたま) (mutsutama)
* 睦(むつ)ぶ (mutsubu, archaic)
* 睦(むつ)む (mutsumu)
* 睦(むつ)まじい (mutsumajii)
* 睦(むつ)まやか (mutsumayaka)
* 睦(むつ)る (mutsuru, archaic)
* 皇睦(すめむつ) (sumemutsu, archaic)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 睦
* むつ(き) Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Proper noun

睦(むつき) • (Mutsuki)
* a male given name

### References

* 1 2 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 79

## Korean
### Hanja

睦 (eumhun 화목할 목 (hwamokhal mok))
* hanja form of 목 (“friendly, amiable, peaceful”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

睦: Hán Việt readings: mục
睦: Nôm readings: mục
* chữ Hán form of mục (“harmony”).
* chữ Hán form of Mục (“a surname”).

#### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).