OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# István
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Στέφανος (Stéphanos). Greek names usually reached the Hungarian language via Latin (see Latin Stephanus) or Slavic (see e.g. Štefan). But the German Stephan also influenced the formation of the old Hungarian name Estefán ~ Istefán, from which today's István was created. There are written occurrences of the names Stephanus, Stefanus, Stepanus from the first years of the 11th century, and later on, the forms Stephan, Stepan, Stefan appear more and more often in certificates.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiʃtvaːn]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Ist‧ván
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Proper noun

István
* a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Stephen

#### Derived terms

* Isti
* Istó
* Istók
* Istvánka
* Pista
* Pisti, Pistike
* Pityu, Pityuka

#### Related terms

* Stefán

### References

* ↑ Fercsik, Erzsébet - Raátz, Judit: Keresztnevek Enciklopédiája (Encyclopedia of Christian Names), Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2009

### Further reading

* “István”, in Utónévkereső [Given Name Finder], HUN-REN Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2013–present.
# ученик
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *učenikъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ot͡ʃɛˈnik]
* Rhymes: -ik

### Noun

учени́к • (učeník) m (feminine учени́чка, relational adjective учени́чески)
* male pupil, male student, schoolboy
* male apprentice
* male disciple, male follower
    Synonym: после́довател (poslédovatel)

#### Declension
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈut͡ʃɛnik]
* IPA: [ut͡ʃɛˈnik] (nonstandard)

### Noun

ученик • (učenik) m (plural ученици, feminine ученичка, relational adjective ученички, diminutive учениче)
* student, pupil

#### Declension
### See also

* апсолвент m (apsolvent)
* гимназијалец m (gimnazijalec)
* дипломец m (diplomec)
* докторанд m (doktorand)
* курсист m (kursist)
* магистранд m (magistrand)
* матурант m (maturant)
* основец m (osnovec)
* постдипломец m (postdiplomec)
* прваче n (prvače)
* средношколец m (srednoškolec)
* студент m (student)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* учени́къ (učeník) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *učenikъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊt͡ɕɪˈnʲik]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

учени́к • (učeník) m anim (genitive ученика́, nominative plural ученики́, genitive plural ученико́в, feminine учени́ца, relational adjective учени́ческий)
* schoolboy, pupil
* apprentice, learner
* disciple, follower

#### Synonyms

* шко́льник (škólʹnik), уча́щийся (učáščijsja)
* аде́пт (adɛ́pt), выученик (vyučenik), после́дователь (poslédovatelʹ)

#### Related terms

* учени́ца (učeníca), уче́ние (učénije), учи́тель (učítelʹ), учёба (učóba)
* учёный (učónyj), уче́бный (učébnyj), учи́тельский (učítelʹskij)
* учи́ть (učítʹ), вы́учить (výučitʹ), поуча́ть (poučátʹ), учи́ться (učítʹsja)
* ученически (učeničeski), по-учёному (po-učónomu)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From учен +‎ -ик.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ût͡ʃeniːk/
* Hyphenation: у‧че‧ник

### Noun

у̏ченӣк m (Latin spelling ȕčenīk)
* pupil (in a school)

#### Related terms

* у̏ченица

### References

* “ученик”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# doktrin
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch doctrine, from Latin doctrina (“teaching, instruction, learning, knowledge”), from doctor (“a teacher”), from docere (“to teach”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɔk.trɪn]
* Hyphenation: dok‧trin

### Noun

doktrin
* doctrine,
** a belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters.
** the body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group or text.

#### Derived terms

* mendoktrin
* mendoktrinkan

### See also

* dokter (“doctor, physician”)
* doktor (“doctor”)
* dosen (“lecturer”)

### Further reading

* “doktrin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Swedish
### Noun

doktrin c
* doctrine

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | doktrin | doktrins |
| singular | definite | doktrinen | doktrinens |
| plural | indefinite | doktriner | doktriners |
| plural | definite | doktrinerna | doktrinernas |

## Turkish
### Noun

doktrin (definite accusative doktrini, plural doktrinler)
* dogmatism tenet

#### Synonyms

* öğreti
# cacio
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin cāseus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.t͡ʃo/
* Rhymes: -atʃo
* Hyphenation: cà‧cio

### Noun

cacio m (plural caci)
* (countable or uncountable) cheese
    Synonym: formaggio

#### Derived terms

* caciaia
* cacimperio
* cacio e pepe
* cacio sui maccheroni
* caciocavallo
* cacioricotta
* caciotta
* soldo di cacio

#### Related terms

* casaro, caciaio
* caseario
* caseificare
* caseificio
* caseiforme
* caseina
* caseo
* caseoso
* kaas
* Käse
* queijo
* queso

### Anagrams

* -accio, acciò, icaco
# étvágy
## Hungarian
### Etymology

ét +‎ vágy

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈeːtvaːɟ]
* Hyphenation: ét‧vágy
* Rhymes: -aːɟ

### Noun

étvágy (usually uncountable, plural étvágyak)
* appetite
    Synonym: (archaic) apetitus

#### Derived terms

* étvágytalan
* étvágyú
* étvágycsináló
* étvágycsökkentő
* étvágygerjesztő
* étvágyhiány
* étvágyingerlő
* étvágykeltő
* farkasétvágy
* jó étvágyat!

### Further reading

* étvágy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* étvágy in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# vécé
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From the Hungarian pronunciation of the English WC (“water closet”) abbreviation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈveːt͡seː]
* Hyphenation: vé‧cé
* Rhymes: -t͡seː

### Noun

vécé (plural vécék)
* water closet, toilet
    Synonyms: WC, (informal, dated) klozett, (slang) klotyó

#### Derived terms

* vécéjű
* vécés
* vécéz, vécézik
* vécécsésze
* vécékagyló
* vécékefe
* vécépapír
* vécétartály
* vécéülőke

### Further reading

* vécé in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# óvoda
## Hungarian
### Etymology

óv +‎ -oda

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈovodɒ] (the first vowel is normally pronounced short)
* Hyphenation: óvo‧da
* Rhymes: -dɒ

### Noun

óvoda (plural óvodák)
* kindergarten, preschool, nursery school (for children ages 3 to 6)
    Synonyms: (informal) ovi, (formal, dated) kisdedóvó, (derogatory, informal) dedó

#### Derived terms

* ovi (clipping with diminutive)
* óvodai
* óvodás
* magánóvoda
* óvodapedagógus

### See also

* gyermekmegőrző, gyermekgondozó, napközi
* óvónő, óvó néni, óvó bácsi

### Further reading

* óvoda in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# nőstény
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From nő (“woman”) +‎ -s +‎ -t +‎ -n (diminutive suffixes). For the cluster -s +‎ -t, compare nyest (“marten”); for -t +‎ -n, compare isten (“god, deity”). For the semantic shift ‘woman’ > ‘female’, compare Latin femina (“woman”) > femella (“girl; young female”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnøːʃteːɲ]
* Hyphenation: nős‧tény
* Rhymes: -eːɲ

### Noun

nőstény (plural nőstények)
* (attributively as well) female (animal)
    Hyponyms: (of various particular [chiefly domestic] animals) emse, gője, gönne, jerke, kanca, koca, kotlós, suta, szuka, tehén, tojó, ünő, üsző
    Coordinate terms: hím, utód
* (offensive) Synonym of nő (“woman”)

#### Derived terms

* nősténység
* nőstényördög (‘devilette’)

### References

* ↑ nőstény in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ nőstény in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

### Further reading

* nőstény in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# atletikus
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin athleticus (“athletic”). With -ikus ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒtlɛtikuʃ]
* Hyphenation: at‧le‧ti‧kus
* Rhymes: -uʃ

### Adjective

atletikus (comparative atletikusabb, superlative legatletikusabb)
* athletic

#### Derived terms

* atletikusan
* atletikusság

#### Related terms

* atletizál
* atléta, atlétanő
* atlétika

### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian words ending in -ikus

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* atletikus in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# gouvernemental
## French
### Etymology

From gouvernement (“government”) +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.mɑ̃.tal/

### Adjective

gouvernemental (feminine gouvernementale, masculine plural gouvernementaux, feminine plural gouvernementales)
* governmental
** 2004 January 16, “Éditorial : Un cautère sur une jambe de bois”, in Aujourd'hui‎:Les rémunérations dans la Fonction publique ont constitué, depuis toujours l’intersection explosive entre la politique gouvernementale et les revendications des partenaires sociaux.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* organisation non gouvernementale
* paragouvernemental

#### Related terms

* gouvernance (“governance”)
* gouvernant (“governing”)
* gouverner (“to govern; to steer”)
* gouverneur (“governor”)

### Further reading

* “gouvernemental”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# monokrasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch monocratie (“monocracy, autocracy”), from French monocratie (“monocracy, autocracy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /monokˈrasi/ [mo.nok̚ˈra.si]
* Rhymes: -asi
* Syllabification: mo‧nok‧ra‧si

### Noun

monokrasi (uncountable)
* (politics) monocracy, autocracy

#### Descendants

* → Malay: مونوکراسي (monokrasi)

### Further reading

* “monokrasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian monokrasi, from Dutch monocratie.

### Noun

monokrasi (Jawi spelling مونوکراسي, plural monokrasi-monokrasi, informal 1st possessive monokrasiku, 2nd possessive monokrasimu, 3rd possessive monokrasinya)
* monocracy

### Further reading

* “monokrasi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# 青光瞎
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Northern Min (KCR): cháng-guáng-hăi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qin$^1$ guan$^1$ ha$^6$
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cháng-guáng-hăi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴ kuaŋ⁵⁴ xai²⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^1$ guan$^1$ ha$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³³ ku̯an³³ xa̠²⁴/

### Noun

青光瞎
* (dialectal Gan, Northern Min, Changsha Xiang, pathology) glaucoma

#### Synonyms

* 青盲 (qīngmáng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 青光眼, 綠內障 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 青光眼 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 青光瞎 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 青光瞎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 青光眼 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 青光瞎 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 青光眼 |
| Wu | Danyang | 青光眼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 青雀盲 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 青光瞎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 青光暗 |

#### See also

* 白內障／白内障 (báinèizhàng)
# cikkely
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zwickel, more specifically from Bavarian zwickel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sikːɛj]
* Hyphenation: cik‧kely
* Rhymes: -ɛj

### Noun

cikkely (plural cikkelyek)
* (law) article, paragraph, section, clause

#### Derived terms

* cikk (back-formation)

### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian words with ly

### References

* ↑ cikkely in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* cikkely in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* cikkely in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# délkelet
## Hungarian
### Etymology

dél (“south”) +‎ kelet (“east”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdeːlkɛlɛt]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dél‧ke‧let

### Noun

délkelet (uncountable)
* (singular only) southeast

#### Coordinate terms

(compass points) égtájak;
| északnyugat (ÉNy) | észak (É) | északkelet (ÉK) |
| nyugat (Ny) | | kelet (K) |
| délnyugat (DNy) | dél (D) | délkelet (DK) |

#### Derived terms

* délkeleti
* DK (abbreviation)
* dél-délkelet
* Délkelet-Ázsia
* kelet-délkelet

### Further reading

* délkelet in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* délkelet in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# гіперболізований
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦʲiperbɔlʲiˈzɔʋɐnei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Participle

гіперболізо́ваний • (hiperbolizóvanyj)
* adjectival past passive participle of гіперболізува́ти impf or pf (hiperbolizuváty)

#### Declension
### Adjective

гіперболізо́ваний • (hiperbolizóvanyj)
* exaggerated, overblown
    Synonym: перебі́льшений (perebílʹšenyj)

#### Related terms

* гіпе́рбола f (hipérbola)
* гіперболіза́ція f (hiperbolizácija)
* гіперболі́зм m (hiperbolízm)
* гіперболізува́ти impf or pf (hiperbolizuváty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гіперболізований”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “гіперболізований”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “гіперболізований”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “гіперболізований”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “гіперболізований”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “гіперболізований”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# potarga
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔˈtar.ɡa/

### Noun

potarga f (plural potargi)
* Alternative form of putarga
# Vermessung
## German
### Etymology

vermessen +‎ -ung

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛɐ̯ˈmɛsʊŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Ver‧mes‧sung

### Noun

Vermessung f (genitive Vermessung, plural Vermessungen)
* survey, measuring

#### Derived terms

* Landesvermessung
* Vermessungsamt
* Vermessungsingenieur
* Vermessungskunde
* Vermessungspunkt
* Vermessungsschiff

### Further reading

* Vermessung on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
* “Vermessung” in Duden online
* “Vermessung” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# tûj
## Northern Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* tîj

### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *táyǰyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *táyǰyas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)téygyōs, derived from the root *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to sting”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuːʒ/

### Adjective

tûj (comparative tûjtir, superlative herî tûj or tûjtirîn, Arabic spelling تووژ)
* sharp
* hot, spicy
    Synonym: dijwar
* severe

#### Derived terms

* aqiltîj
* tûj kirin
* tûjî

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “tûj”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 360
# light-headed
## English
### Alternative forms

* lightheaded

### Etymology

From light (“lacking weight or mental gravity”, adjective) +‎ headed (“having a head”, adjective).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

light-headed (comparative lighter-headed or more light-headed, superlative lightest-headed or most light-headed)
* Dizzy or feeling faint, usually as a result of a drop in blood pressure to the brain; delirious.
* (figuratively) Thoughtless; volatile; frivolous.

#### Synonyms

* (dizzy): giddy
* (thoughtless): heedless, unsteady, fickle, unaware, inattentive, careless, silly

#### Derived terms

* light-headedly (adverb)
* lightheadedness (noun)

#### Related terms

* lighthearted

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* headlighted
# 혐오
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 嫌惡.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [çʌ̹mo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [혀모]

### Noun

혐오 • (hyeomo) (hanja 嫌惡)
* hatred, aversion, abhorrence

#### Derived terms

* 혐오(嫌惡)하다 (hyeomohada)
* 혐오감(嫌惡感) (hyeomogam)
* 혐오증(嫌惡症) (hyeomojeung)
# 成材
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngcái
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄘㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ coi$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^2$ zai$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-châi / chiâⁿ-châi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngcái
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄘㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngcái
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-tsʻai$^2$
*** Yale: chéng-tsái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngtsair
*** Palladius: чэнцай (čɛncaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$成才 成材
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ coi$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng chòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ tsoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$成才 成材
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^2$ zai$^2$ [Phonetic: sing$^5$ zai$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ¹³⁻²¹ t͡sai¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-châi
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-tsâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengzaai
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-châi
*** Tâi-lô: tsiânn-tsâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviazaai
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

#### Verb

成⫽材 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* (literally) to grow into useful timber; to grow to full size
* (figuratively) to become a useful person

##### Derived terms

* 不成材 (bùchéngcái)
* 伓成材
* 成材林 (chéngcáilín)
* 毋成材

### Pronunciation 2

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^2$ zai$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâⁿ-châi
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^2$ zai$^2$ [Phonetic: sing$^5$ nai$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$nai¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-châi
*** Tâi-lô: tsiânn-tsâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviazaai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

#### Verb

成材
* (Southern Min, Puxian Min) to be of striking appearance; to be fine-looking and talented

##### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 成囝

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “成材”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 497.
# յորջորջեմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Reduplication of *յորջ- (*yorǰ-), which Martirosyan derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-wor-ye-, composed of the prefix *h₁en- (“in”) (whence յ- (y-)) and the ye-present of the root *wer- (“to speak”).

### Verb

յորջորջեմ • (yorǰorǰem)
* (transitive) to name, to call
* (mediopassive, intransitive) to be called, named, entitled, etc.
    յորջորջել յանուն ուրուք ― yorǰorǰel yanun urukʻ ― to bear another's name, to be called after

#### Derived terms

* յորջորջ (yorǰorǰ)
* յորջորջանք (yorǰorǰankʻ)
* յորջորջումն (yorǰorǰumn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: հորջորջել (horǰorǰel)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “յորջորջ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “յորջորջեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “յորջորջ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 497
# 出羽
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 出 | 羽 |
| で Grade: 1 | は > わ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology 1

Shift from Idewa below.
Compare the shift of classical verb 出づ (izu) → 出る (deru, “to come, leave”).

#### Proper noun

出(で)羽(わ) • (Dewa)
* Short for 出羽国 (Dewa-no-kuni): Dewa Province, an old province of Japan on which is today Yamagata and Akita Prefectures
    Synonym: 羽州 (Ushū)

##### Derived terms

* 出羽三山(でわさんざん) (Dewa Sanzan)
* 出羽山地(でわさんち) (Dewa Sanchi)
* 出羽神社(でわじんじゃ) (Dewa Jinja)
* 出羽(でわの)守(かみ) (Dewa no Kami)
* 出羽富士(でわふじ) (Dewafuji)

##### See also

* 羽前(うぜん) (Uzen)
* 羽後(うご) (Ugo)
* 奥(おう)羽(う) (Ōu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 出 | 羽 |
| い(で) Grade: 1 | は > わ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Possibly from Old Japanese. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Ainu?”)

#### Proper noun

出(いで)羽(わ) or 出羽(いでは) • (Idewa or Ideha)
* (obsolete) Short for 出羽国 (Idewa/Ideha-no-kuni): Idewa Province, an old province of Japan on which is today Yamagata and Akita Prefectures

##### Derived terms

* 出羽神社(ではじんじゃ) (Deha Jinja)
* 出(いで)羽(わの)柵(き) (Idewa no Ki)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# preaban
## Manx
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

preaban m (genitive singular preaban, plural preabanyn)
* piece of land, plot, patch, demesne
* fairground
* fair, hippodrome, circus

#### Derived terms

* mainshtyr yn phreaban (“ringmaster”)
* preaban caggee (“amphitheatre”)
* preaban coshee (“pedestrian precinct”)
* preaban gammanagh (“funfair”)
* preaban geinnee (“arena”)
* preaban thie (“ground plot”)
* preabanagh (“patchy”)
* preabanee (“patcher”)

### Mutation
## Spanish
### Verb

preaban
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of prear