# زار
## Arabic

* Root
* ز و ر (z w r)
* 10 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaː.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːr

### Verb

زَارَ • (zāra) I (non-past يَزُورُ (yazūru), verbal noun زَوْر (zawr) or زِيَارَة (ziyāra) or مَزَار (mazār) or زُوَارَة (zuwāra) or زُوَار (zuwār))
* to incline towards, to repair to the direction of
* to visit

#### Conjugation
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “زار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 265
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “زار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1268
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “زار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 535

## Egyptian Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zɑːr/

### Etymology 1

* Root
* ز و ر
* 1 term
From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

#### Verb

زار • (zār) I (non-past يزور (yizūr))
* to visit

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of زار (form-I hollow) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | زرت (zurt) | زرت (zurt) | زار (zār) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتوا (zurtu) | زوروا (zūru) |
| past | f | زرت (zurt) | زرتي (zurti) | زارت (zārit) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتوا (zurtu) | زوروا (zūru) |
| present subjunctive | m | ازور (azūr) | تزور (tizūr) | يزور (yizūr) | نزور (nizūr) | تزوروا (tizūru) | يزوروا (yizūru) |
| present subjunctive | f | ازور (azūr) | تزوري (tizūri) | تزور (tizūr) | نزور (nizūr) | تزوروا (tizūru) | يزوروا (yizūru) |
| present indicative | m | بزور (bazūr) | بتزور (bitzūr) | بيزور (biyzūr) | بنزور (binzūr) | بتزوروا (bitzūru) | بيزوروا (biyzūru) |
| present indicative | f | بزور (bazūr) | بتزوري (bitzūru) | بتزور (bitzūr) | بنزور (binzūr) | بتزوروا (bitzūru) | بيزوروا (biyzūru) |
| future | m | حزور (ḥazūr) | حتزور (ḥatzūr) | حيزور (ḥayzūr) | حنزور (ḥanzūr) | حتزوروا (ḥatzūru) | حيزوروا (ḥayzūru) |
| future | f | حزور (ḥazūr) | حتزوري (ḥatzūru) | حتزور (ḥatzūr) | حنزور (ḥanzūr) | حتزوروا (ḥatzūru) | حيزوروا (ḥayzūru) |
| imperative | m | | زور (zūr) | | | زوروا (zūru) | |
| imperative | f | | زوري (zūri) | | | زوروا (zūru) | |

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably from Blin ጃር (ǧar, “Skygod”), either directly or by means of the Amharic doublet [script needed] (zar).

#### Noun

زار • (zār) m (usually uncountable)
* zar; a folk exorcism, usually performed on women dancing to music in circles.
    كدية الزار ― the female chief celebrant at a zar

#### References

* ↑ Rouaud, A., Battain, Tiziana (2002) Bearman, P., Bianquis, Th., Bosworth, C.E., van Donzel, E., editors, Zār (Encyclopaedia of Islam)‎, Second edition, volume 11, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, retrieved 12 June 2023, pages 455-457

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

* Root
* ز و ر
* 1 term
From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaːr/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

زار • (zār) I (non-past يزور (yzūr))
* to visit

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of زار :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | زرت (zurt) | زرتي (zurti) | زار (zār) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتوا (zurtu) | زاروا (zāru) |
| past | f | زرت (zurt) | زرتي (zurti) | زارت (zāret) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتوا (zurtu) | زاروا (zāru) |
| non-past | m | نزور (nzūr) | تزور (tzūr) | يزور (yzūr) | نزوروا (nzūru) | تزوروا (tzūru) | يزوروا (yzūru) |
| non-past | f | نزور (nzūr) | تزوري (tzūri) | تزور (tzūr) | نزوروا (nzūru) | تزوروا (tzūru) | يزوروا (yzūru) |
| imperative | m | | زور (zūr) | | | زوروا (zūru) | |
| imperative | f | | زوري (zūri) | | | زوروا (zūru) | |

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sar (“wrapping”), a root related to Proto-Turkic *saru- (“to wind, wrap”). Compare صارمق (sarmak, “to wind, wrap, bind”), صارق (sarık, “turban”) and صارغی (sargı, “wrapping, bandage”).

#### Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))
* membrane, film, pellicle, skin, any thin layer of some substance which usually causes opacity
* wrapping, wrapper, envelope, any cover or material usually used to enclose small, flat items
* tapestry, a heavy woven cloth, often with decorative pictorial designs, normally hung on walls

##### Derived terms

* بورون زاری (burun zarı, “any thin part of a nostril”)
* دیوار زاری (duvar zarı, “canvas lining to a wall”)
* زار كبی (zar gibi, “a mere film”)
* زارجغز (zarcağız, “very thin membrane”)
* زارلاتمق (zarlatmak, “to make or let be covered with tapestry”)
* زارلامق (zarlamak, “to cover with tapestry”)
* زارلانمق (zarlanmak, “to be covered with tapestry”)
* زارلق (zarlık, “canvas fit for lining”)
* زارلو (zarlı, “covered with a membrane or pellicle”)
* صوغان زاری (soğan zarı, “thin pellicle of an onion”)
* قولاق زاری (kulak zarı, “eardrum, tympanum”)
* كوز زاری (göz zarı, “sclera”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: zar

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zar3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Membrana”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1029
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 2415-2416
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zar2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1001

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic زَهْر (zahr, “die, dice; cast iron”).

#### Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))
* die, a polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance

##### Derived terms

* زار آتمق (zar atmak, “to cast a die”)
* زار اویونی (zar oyunu, “game of dice”)
* زار طاوله (zar tavla, “gameboard”)
* زار كلمك (zar gelmek, “for the dice, to be favorable”)
* زارلق (zarlık, “dice-box”)
* زارلو (zarlı, “lucky at throwing dice”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: zar
* → Albanian: zar
* → Bulgarian: зар (zar)
* → Laz: ზარი (zari), ზაი (zai) — alternative spelling
* → Macedonian: зар (zar)
* → Romanian: zar
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: зар
    Latin script: zar

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zar4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Alea”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 46
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 2415-2416
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zar1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1001

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian زار (zar, “groan, lament”), from Middle Persian *zār, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati (“to be angered, vexed”).

#### Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))
* moan, groan, lament, any low, guttural sound uttered in pain, grief, sadness, or regret
    Synonyms: ایكلتی (iñilti), فغان (fiğan), ناله (nâle)

##### Derived terms

* زار ایتمك (zar etmek, “to groan, to lament”)
* زار زار (zar zar, “bitterly”)
* زاریانه (zariyane, “subject of complaint”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: zar

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zar6”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Gemitio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 642
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2416

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati. See it for more.

#### Noun

| Dari | زار |
| Iranian Persian | زار |
| Tajik | зор |
زار • (zâr)
* groan
* lament

##### Derived terms

* زار زار (zâr-zâr)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
* → Azerbaijani: zar
* → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
* → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic زَهْر (zahr).

#### Noun

زار • (zâr)
* die (for gambling)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: զառ (zaṙ)
* → Georgian: ზარი (zari)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ز و ر
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaːr/, [zɑːrˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

زار • (zār) I (present بزور (bizūr))
* to visit

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of زار (zār) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | زرت (zurt) | زرت (zurt) | زار (zār) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتو (zurtu) | زارو (zāru) |
| past | f | زرت (zurt) | زرتي (zurti) | زارت (zārat) | زرنا (zurna) | زرتو (zurtu) | زارو (zāru) |
| present | m | بزور (bazūr) | بتزور (bitzūr) | بزور (bizūr) | منزور (minzūr) | بتزورو (bitzūru) | بيزورو (bizūru) |
| present | f | بزور (bazūr) | بتزوري (bitzūri) | بتزور (bitzūr) | منزور (minzūr) | بتزورو (bitzūru) | بيزورو (bizūru) |
| subjunctive | m | ازور (azūr) | تزور (tzūr) | يزور (yzūr) | نزور (nzūr) | تزورو (tzūru) | يزورو (yzūru) |
| subjunctive | f | ازور (azūr) | تزوري (tzūri) | تزور (tzūr) | نزور (nzūr) | تزورو (tzūru) | يزورو (yzūru) |
| imperative | m | | زور (zūr) | | | زورو (zūru) | |
| imperative | f | | زوري (zūri) | | | زورو (zūru) | |

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /zɑːɾ/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian زار (zār), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati.

#### Noun

زار • (zār) m (Hindi spelling ज़ार)
* lament
* groan

##### Derived terms

* زار زار (zār-zār)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English czar, from Russian царь (carʹ).

#### Noun

زار • (zār) m (Hindi spelling ज़ार)
* czar

##### Synonyms

* تسار (tsār)