# विज्ञान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɪɡ.jɑːn/, [ʋɪɡ.jä̃ːn]

### Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) m (Urdu spelling وگیان)
* knowledge; understanding
* science, study of
    वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān) – study of plants

#### Derived terms

* अंतरिक्षविज्ञान (antrikṣavijñān)
* जीवविज्ञान (jīvvijñān)
* मनोविज्ञान (manovijñān)
* वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān)
* विज्ञानी (vijñānī)
* वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik)
* स्वरविज्ञान (svarvijñān)

### See also

* शास्त्र (śāstra)
* वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik, “scientist”)

### References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विज्ञान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Konkani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna)

### Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) (Latin script vidian, Kannada script ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ)
* science

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋid͡ʑ.nan/

### Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) n
* science

#### Derived terms

* वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik, “scientist, scientific”)

### See also

* ज्ञान (jñān, “knowledge”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “विज्ञान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “विज्ञान”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [biɡ̞jän]
* Phonetic Devanagari: बिग्यान्

### Noun

विज्ञान • (vigyān)
* science

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱিজ্ঞান (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬶᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
* বিজ্ঞান (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰰𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဝိဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
* વિજ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
* ਵਿਜ੍ਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌿𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦶꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂱𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
* វិជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
* ວິຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
* വിജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᡳᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘱𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠢᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧒𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
* ଵିଜ୍ଞାନ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢶꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆴𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖰𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
* විඥාන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩑𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚮𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
* விஜ்ஞாந (Tamil script)
* విజ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
* วิชฺญาน (Thai script)
* ཝི་ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒱𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨁𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Compound of वि- (vi-, “apart, separate”) +‎ ज्ञान (jñā́na, “to know”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋid͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋid͡ʑˈɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñā́na) stem, n
* the act of discerning, understanding, comprehending
** c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) V.7.4:अयꣳ शास्ताधिपतिर् वो अस्तु। अस्य विज्ञानम् अनु सꣳ रभध्वम् इमम् पश्चाद् अनु जीवाथ सर्वे॥ayaṃ śāstādhipatir vo astu. asya vijñānam anu saṃ rabhadhvam imam paścād anu jīvātha sarve.May he be your ruler, your overlord; On his discernment do ye depend; upon him henceforth do ye all serve.
* intelligence, knowledge
* science
* skill; proficiency

#### Descendants

* Pali: viññāṇa
** → Tamil: விஞ்ஞானம் (viññāṉam)
* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (viṇṇāṇa)
** Old Bengali: বিণান (biṇāna)
** → Telugu: విన్నాణము (vinnāṇamu)
* → Assamese: বিজ্ঞান (biggan)
* → Bengali: বিজ্ঞান (biggên)
* → Bishnupriya Manipuri: বিজ্ঞান (bijñāna)
* → Gujarati: વિજ્ઞાન (vijñān)
* → Hindi: विज्ञान (vijñān)
* → Kannada: ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (vijñāna)
* → Malayalam: വിജ്ഞാനം (vijñānaṁ)
* → Marathi: विज्ञान (vijñān)
* → Nepali: विज्ञान (vigyān)
* → Newar: विज्ञान (wijñāna)
* → Punjabi: ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (vigiāna)
* → Telugu: విజ్ఞానము (vijñānamu)
* → Thai: วิญญาณ (win-yaan)
* → Urdu: وگیان (vigyān)

#### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vijñā́na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press