# pugna
## Catalan
### Verb

pugna
* inflection of pugnar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpuɲ.ɲa/
* Rhymes: -uɲɲa
* Hyphenation: pù‧gna

### Etymology 1

From Latin pugna, from pugnō (“to fight, oppose”), from pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).

#### Noun

pugna f (plural pugne) (obsolete, literary, poetic)
* (literally and figuratively) fight, battle, combat
* dispute, quarrel

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pugna (obsolete)
* plural of pugno
** 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, p. 91, vv. 25-27:E 'l duca mio distese le sue spanne, ¶ prese la terra, e con piene le pugna, ¶ la gittò dentro a le bramose canne.And my Conductor, with his spans extended, ¶ took of the earth, and with his fists well filled, ¶ he threw it into those rapacious gullets.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

pugna
* inflection of pugnare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* punga

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From pugnō (“to fight”), from pugnus (“a fist”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpuɡ.na/, [ˈpʊŋnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpuɲ.ɲa/, [ˈpuɲːä]

#### Noun

pugna f (genitive pugnae); first declension
* a fight, battle, combat, action
    Synonyms: proelium, bellum, duellum, dimicatio, certamen
* a line of battle, troops drawn up for battle
* a contest, dispute, quarrel
    Synonyms: certatus, rixa

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* pugnicula

##### Related terms

* pugnācitās
* pugnāciter
* pugnāculum
* pugnantia
* pugnātor
* pugnātōrius
* pugnātrix
* pugnāx
* pugneus
* pugnitus
* pugnō
* pugnus

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

pugnā
* second-person singular present active imperative of pugnō

### References

* “pugna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pugna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* pugna in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* pugna in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to provoke the enemy to battle: proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare to decline battle: pugnam detrectare (Liv. 3. 60) to choose suitable ground for an engagement: locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere to fix a day for the engagement: diem pugnae constituere (B. G. 3. 24) to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae) to fight a battle at sea: pugnam navalem facere (ambiguous) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna (ambiguous) to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pugna.

#### Noun

pugna f (plural pugnas)
* combat; battle; fight
    Synonyms: batalha, combate, luta, peleja
* (figurative) struggle
    Synonyms: batalha, luta

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

pugna
* inflection of pugnar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpuɡna/ [ˈpuɣ̞.na]
* Rhymes: -uɡna
* Syllabification: pug‧na

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pugna.

#### Noun

pugna f (plural pugnas)
* fight; ruckus
* struggle
* battle

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

pugna
* inflection of pugnar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “pugna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10