OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# aigéan
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* aigéal

### Etymology

From Old Irish océn, borrowed from Latin Ōceanus (compare Welsh eigion), from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɟeːnˠ/

### Noun

aigéan m (genitive singular aigéin, nominative plural aigéin)
* ocean
    Synonym: farraige mhór

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aigéan
aigéin
vocative
a aigéin
a aigéana
genitive
aigéin
aigéan
dative
aigéan
aigéin
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-aigéan
na haigéin
genitive
an aigéin
na n-aigéan
dative
leis an aigéan don aigéan
leis na haigéin :
(oceans) aigéan; Aigéan Antartach,‎ Aigéan Artach,‎ Aigéan Atlantach,‎ Aigéan Indiach,‎ Aigéan Ciúin

#### Derived terms

* aigéanach (“oceanic”, adjective)
* aigéaneolaíoch (“oceanographic, oceanographical”, adjective)
* aigéaneolaíocht f (“oceanography”)
* aigéaneolaí m (“oceanographer”)
* Aigéineach (“Oceanian”, adjective)
* Aigéineach (“Oceanian”, noun)
* An tAigéan Antartach (“the Antarctic Ocean”)
* An tAigéan Artach (“the Arctic Ocean”)
* An tAigéan Atlantach (“the Atlantic Ocean”)
* An tAigéan Ciúin, An Ciúin-Aigéan (“the Pacific Ocean”)
* An tAigéan Indiach (“the Indian Ocean”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aigéan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aigéan”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “aigéan”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# anthropologian
## English
### Etymology

Blend of anthropologist +‎ theologian.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌænθɹəpəˈləʊd͡ʒən/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌænθɹəpəˈloʊd͡ʒən/

### Noun

anthropologian (plural anthropologians)
* A theologian of anthropology.
# Taguitic
## English
### Proper noun

Taguitic
* A barangay of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines.
# planktonts
## English
### Noun

planktonts
* plural of planktont
# ngebaca
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ŋəˈbat͡ʃa/ [ŋəˈba.t͡ʃa]
* Syllabification: nge‧ba‧ca

### Verb

ngêbaca
* (colloquial, chiefly Java) active of baca
# ափիոն
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Middle Armenian ափիոն (apʻion).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈpʰjon/, [ɑpʰjón]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈpjon/, [ɑpʰjón]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ափիոն • (apʻion)
* opium
    Synonym: օպիում (ōpium)

#### Declension
## Middle Armenian
### Alternative forms

* աֆիօն (afiōn), աֆիոն (afion), աբիոն (abion)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian ափիոն (apʻion) (in Galen), from Middle Persian [Term?] (/⁠apiyōn⁠/), from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). The forms աֆիոն (afion), աֆիոն (afion) are from Arabic أفيون (ʔafyūn) or Persian افیون (afyun).

### Noun

ափիոն • (apʻion)
* opium

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: ափիոն (apʻion)

#### See also

* խաշխաշ (xašxaš)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ափիոն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ափիոն”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “աֆիոն”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press
# قالیه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* գալեա (kalya), գալեէ (kalye)

### Etymology

From Arabic قِلْي (qily, “potash”).

### Noun

قالیه • (kalya)
* potash, the water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plants

#### Derived terms

* قالیه اوتی (kalya otu, “prickly saltwort”)
* قالیه طوزی (kalya tuzu, “carbonate of potash”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kalye

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kalye1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2365
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قالیه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 935
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kalye”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قالیه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1425
# Vaugier
## French
### Etymology

Most prevalent in Doubs department.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vo.ʒje/

### Proper noun

Vaugier ?
* a French surname

### Paronyms

* Faugier
* Vauchier

### Further reading

* filae.com

### References

* ↑ filae.com
# wrestler
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English wrastlere, equivalent to wrestle +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

wrestler (plural wrestlers)
* (wrestling) A person who wrestles.
** 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 231c:it isn't easy to avoid all the wrestler's holds.

#### Derived terms

* arm-wrestler
* mud wrestler
* professional wrestler

#### Translations
### References

* Wrestler. Macmillan Dictionary. Access date: 29 October 2011.
# scencan
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *skankijan, from Proto-Germanic *skankijaną. Cognate with Old Frisian skenka, Old Saxon skenkian, Dutch schenken, Old High German scenken (German schenken), Old Norse skenkja (Swedish skänka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃen.t͡ʃɑn/

### Verb

sċenċan
* to pour out, give (someone) to drink

#### Derived terms

* besċenċan
* ġesċenċan

#### Descendants

* Middle English: schenken, schenchen
** English: shink, skink
** Scots: skink
# Abhishek
## English
### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit अभिषेक (abhiṣeká).

### Proper noun

Abhishek
* A male given name from Sanskrit.
# autogyro
## English
### Alternative forms

* autogiro

### Etymology

From auto- and gyro-, from latinized forms of Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”) and γῦρος (gûros, “circle, gyre”), a variant of earlier Spanish autogiro, from the same roots, coined by Juan de la Cierva c. 1920.

### Noun

autogyro (plural autogyros)
* (aircraft) An aircraft in which lift is provided by unpowered rotating wings and thrust is provided by a conventional propeller.

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɑu̯.toːˈɣiː.roː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: au‧to‧gy‧ro

### Noun

autogyro m (plural autogyro's)
* (less common) Official spelling of autogiro
# Ausrottungen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaʊ̯sˌʁɔtʊŋən]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Aus‧rot‧tun‧gen

### Noun

Ausrottungen f
* plural of Ausrottung
# Nailsea
## English
### Proper noun

Nailsea
* A town and civil parish with a town council in North Somerset, Somerset, England (OS grid ref ST4770).

### References

* Parish map

### Anagrams

* laanies
# non nớt
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

non (“young; green”) +‎ nớt (fossilized element).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [nɔn˧˧ nəːt̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [nɔŋ˧˧ nəːk̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [nɔŋ˧˧ nəːk̚˦˥]

### Adjective

non nớt • (𡽫湼)
* young; green
* inexperienced; naive
# 탁구
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 卓球.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰa̠k̚k͈u]
* Phonetic hangul: [탁꾸]

### Noun

탁구 • (takgu) (hanja 卓球)
* table tennis, ping pong (game similar to tennis)
    탁구를 치다takgu-reul chidato play table tennis

#### Synonyms

* 핑퐁 (pingpong)

#### Derived terms

* 탁구 선수(卓球選手) (takgu seonsu)
* 탁구공 (takgugong)
* 탁구대(卓球臺) (takgudae)
# közép
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Ugric. Another source indicates Proto-Finno-Ugric *kitɜ (“middle, gap”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkøzeːp]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kö‧zép
* Rhymes: -eːp

### Noun

közép (usually uncountable, plural közepek)
* (chiefly in compounds or with a possessive suffix) middle, center
* (mathematics, chiefly in phrases) mean (any function of multiple variables that satisfies certain properties and yields a number representative of its arguments; or, the number so yielded; a measure of central tendency)
    Synonym: középérték
    Hyponym: átlag
    Coordinate terms: medián, módusz

#### Derived terms

* közepes
* középső
* középszerű
* középérték
* középfok
* középfül
* középhegység
* középiskola
* középkáder
* középkor
* középkorú
* középmagasság
* középosztály
* középpályás
* középpont
* középsúly
* középszint
* középvállalkozás
* Közép-Afrika
* Közép-Amerika
* Közép-Ázsia
* Közép-Európa
* Közép-Magyarország
* kellős közepén
* mértani közép
* súlyozott közép
* számtani közép

### References

* ↑ közép in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Entry #321 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

### Further reading

* közép in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# Kagawasan
## English
### Proper noun

Kagawasan
* A barangay of Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.
# periodisering
## Dutch
### Etymology

From periodiseren +‎ -ing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peːriˌjoːdiˈzeː.rɪŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pe‧ri‧o‧di‧se‧ring

### Noun

periodisering f (plural periodiseringen)
* periodization
# veresiyä
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish ویرسیه (veräsiyä). By surface analysis, ver- +‎ -esi. Compare Turkish veresiye.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /veˑɾesiˈjæ/
* Hyphenation: ve‧re‧si‧yä

### Adverb

veresiyä
* in lending (money)

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “veresiye”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “veresiyä”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 86
* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “veresiyä”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 104
# гортати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъrtati. Cognates include Belarusian гарта́ць (hartácʹ), Serbo-Croatian гртати.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦɔrˈtate]

### Verb

горта́ти • (hortáty) impf (transitive)
* to turn, to turn upside down, to turn inside out
* to turn (pages)

#### Derived terms

* горта́тися impf (hortátysja)
* вгорта́ти impf (vhortáty), вгорну́ти pf (vhornúty)
* вгорта́тися impf (vhortátysja), вгорну́тися pf (vhornútysja)
* вигорта́ти impf (vyhortáty), ви́горнути pf (výhornuty)
* вигорта́тися impf (vyhortátysja), ви́горнутися pf (výhornutysja)
* відгорта́ти impf (vidhortáty), відгорну́ти pf (vidhornúty)
* відгорта́тися impf (vidhortátysja), відгорну́тися pf (vidhornútysja)
* загорта́ти impf (zahortáty), загорну́ти pf (zahornúty)
* загорта́тися impf (zahortátysja), загорну́тися pf (zahornútysja)
* згорта́ти impf (zhortáty), згорну́ти pf (zhornúty)
* згорта́тися impf (zhortátysja), згорну́тися pf (zhornútysja)
* нагорта́ти impf (nahortáty), нагорну́ти pf (nahornúty)
* нагорта́тися impf (nahortátysja), нагорну́тися pf (nahornútysja)
* надгорта́ти impf (nadhortáty), надгорну́ти pf (nadhornúty)
* надгорта́тися impf (nadhortátysja), надгорну́тися pf (nadhornútysja)
* обгорта́ти impf (obhortáty), обгорну́ти pf (obhornúty)
* обгорта́тися impf (obhortátysja), обгорну́тися pf (obhornútysja)
* перегорта́ти impf (perehortáty), перегорну́ти pf (perehornúty)
* перегорта́тися impf (perehortátysja), перегорну́тися pf (perehornútysja)
* підгорта́ти impf (pidhortáty), підгорну́ти pf (pidhornúty)
* підгорта́тися impf (pidhortátysja), підгорну́тися pf (pidhornútysja)
* погорта́ти impf (pohortáty)
* пригорта́ти impf (pryhortáty), пригорну́ти pf (pryhornúty)
* пригорта́тися impf (pryhortátysja), пригорну́тися pf (pryhornútysja)
* прогорта́ти impf (prohortáty), прогорну́ти pf (prohornúty)
* прогорта́тися impf (prohortátysja), прогорну́тися pf (prohornútysja)
* розгорта́ти impf (rozhortáty), розгорну́ти pf (rozhornúty)
* розгорта́тися impf (rozhortátysja), розгорну́тися pf (rozhornútysja)
* угорта́ти impf (uhortáty), угорну́ти pf (uhornúty)
* угорта́тися impf (uhortátysja), угорну́тися pf (uhornútysja)

#### Related terms

* горну́ти impf (hornúty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гортати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “гортати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “гортати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “гортати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# daonlathas
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* daonfhlaitheas

### Etymology

From daon- +‎ -lathas.

### Noun

daonlathas m (genitive singular daonlathais)
* democracy

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
daonlathas
vocative
a dhaonlathais
genitive
daonlathais
dative
daonlathas
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an daonlathas
genitive
an daonlathais
dative
leis an daonlathas don daonlathas :

#### Derived terms

* daonlathas sóisialta (“social democracy”)

#### Related terms

* daonlathach
* daonlathaí
* daonlathaigh

#### See also

* stát daonlathach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “daonlathas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Further reading

* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “daonlathas”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “daonlathas”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# little old me
## English
### Pronoun

little old me
* (colloquial, somewhat humorous) Me.
# Deborok
## English
### Proper noun

Deborok
* A barangay of Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.
# pseudoplanktonic
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ planktonic or pseudoplankton +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

pseudoplanktonic (not comparable)
* (biology) Describing any marine organism (a pseudoplankton) that lacks buoyancy and so attaches itself to a floating object.
# шино кардан
## Tajik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃino kardan/, [ʃi.nɔ kʰäɾ.d̪än]

### Verb

шино кардан • (šino kardan) (Persian spelling شنا کردن)
* to swim

### References

* “шино кардан”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024
# rottie
## English
### Noun

rottie (plural rotties)
* Alternative letter-case form of Rottie
# хапха
## Chuvash
### Etymology

Ultimately a derivation from Proto-Turkic *kap- (“to close”). Cognate with Tatar капка (qapka) and Bashkir ҡапҡа (qapqa).

### Noun

хапха • (hapha) (plural хапхасем)
* gate
* (dialectal) door

### References

* “хапха”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
# прилітати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From при- (pry-) +‎ літа́ти (litáty). Compare Russian прилета́ть (priletátʹ), Belarusian прылята́ць (pryljatácʹ), Polish przylatywać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prelʲiˈtate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

приліта́ти • (prylitáty) impf (perfective прилеті́ти) (intransitive)
* to fly in (arrive by flying)
* (colloquial) to rush in, to come rushing in

#### Derived terms

* прилі́т m (prylít)
* прилі́тни́й (prylítnýj)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “прилітати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “прилітати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “прилітати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “прилітати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “прилітати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “прилітати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ખાતર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀔𑀢𑁆𑀢 (khatta), from Sanskrit खात्र (khā́tra, “hole”)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈkʰɑ.t̪əɾ/
* Rhymes: -əɾ
* Hyphenation: ખા‧તર

### Noun

ખાતર • (khātar) n
* housebreaking
    Synonyms: ચોરી (corī), લૂંટ (lū̃ṭ)
* a hole dug into a house by a thief

#### Derived terms

* ખાતરિયું (khātriyũ)

#### Descendants

* → Marathi: खातर (khātar)

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “khā́tra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 203
# hlaford
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old English hlāford. Doublet of lord and laird.

### Noun

hlaford (plural hlafords)
* An Anglo-Saxon lord.
** 1830, John Allen, “Tardy Growth of Many of the Royal Prerogatives”, in Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England, London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], page 44:The King was considered as the hlaford of the nation; and in consequence of that supposition, the security given to inferior hlafords against their particular retainers was in his case extended to all his subjects.
** 1866, William C. Pearce, Samuel Hague, “Saxon and Danish Period”, in Analysis of English History. A Text-Book for Colleges and Schools., London: Thos. Murby, […], pages 18–19:The Eorls constituted the nobility of the land, and were subdivided into two orders, the Hlafords or land-owners, and the Sithcundmen, who were nobles by birth, but less wealthy than the hlafords. To this class, too, belonged the Thanes, who originally were those to whom land was granted, as a feudal tenure; this title, however, in due time became equivalent to Earl, the King’s thane ranking with the hlafords, and the lesser thane with the sithcundmen.
** 1905, Paul Vinogradoff, The Growth of the Manor, page 240:In the light of these ecclesiastical donations, the assignment of hides to secular thanes mentioned in the enactments of Ine almost looks like the institution of hlafords over districts rated at a certain number of hides: these hlafords were answerable for a certain proportion of actual settlers on the land they had received, and there is nothing to show that only new colonists were meant: […]

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* laford — Mercian
* hlāfard, hlāferd

### Etymology

From earlier hlāfweard, from hlāf (“bread”) + weard (“ward”). See also hlǣfdīġe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxlɑː.ford/, [ˈl̥ɑː.vorˠd]

### Noun

hlāford m
* lord, master of servants or slaves
** c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 6:24
    Ne mæġ nān mann twām hlāfordum þēowian: oþþe hē sōðlīċe ǣnne hataþ and ōðerne lufaþ, oþþe hē biþ ānum ġehīersum and ōðrum unġehīersum. Ne magon ġē Gode þēowian and weoroldwelan.No one can serve two masters. They will either hate one and love the other, or obey one and disobey the other. You can't serve God and money.
* male head of a household
* master, owner of an animal
** c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
    Sē oxa oncnēow his hlāford, and sē assa his hlāfordes binne.The ox knows his master, and the ass his master's bin.

#### Usage notes

* For the Lord (i.e. God), the proper noun Dryhten is used.

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* hlāfordlēas
* hlāfordlīċ
* hlāfordsċipe
* landhlāford
* sċiphlāford

#### Descendants

* Middle English: lord, lorde, lhord, lourd, lourde, laverd, lhoaverd, laford, laverd, loverd, louerd, lowerd (Early Middle English)
** English: lord (see there for further descendants)
** Scots: laird
*** → English: laird
** Yola: loard
** → Icelandic: lávarður (through laverd)
* → English: hlaford
* → Old Norse: lávarði
# Muricay
## English
### Proper noun

Muricay
* A barangay of Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.
# उकार
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* ukāra (Latin script)
* 𑀉𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* উকার (Bengali script)
* උකාර (Sinhalese script)
* ဥကာရ or ဢုၵႃရ (Burmese script)
* อุการ or อุการะ (Thai script)
* ᩏᨠᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ອຸກາຣ or ອຸກາຣະ (Lao script)
* ឧការ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄪𑄇𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Possibly from Sanskrit उकार (ukāra). By surface analysis, translingual උ (the letter) +‎ kāra (term designating a letter or sound) etc.

### Noun

उकार m
* Devanagari script form of ukāra (“the letter 'u'”)
** c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎ (overall work in Pali), page 11; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:ओकारुकारानं अन्‍तभूतानं सरे परे क्वचि वकारादेसो होति।Okārukārānaṃ antabhūtānaṃ sare pare kvaci vakārādeso hoti.Final 'o' and 'u' are sometimes changed to 'v' before another vowel.
** c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎ (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥ वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.Vac, vas, (8-vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va' Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'. Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.
# mực ống
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

mực (“inkfish”) +‎ ống (“tube”)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mɨk̚˧˨ʔ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [mɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʔəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mɨk̚˨˩˨ ʔəwŋ͡m˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier con) mực ống
* squid (a ten-limbed cephalopod belonging to the Decapodiformes superorder)
** c. 2023, “Mực Nang”, in Hải sản Mỹ Tâm Phan Thiết‎:Mực nang là một loài mực ống quan trọng về thương mại.The cuttlefish is a commercially important species of squid.
* pencil squid (a squid belonging to the Loliginidae family)
    Synonyms: mực đất, mực chợ, mực ống xô, mực xô
* mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis)
    Synonyms: mực đất, mực ống Trung Hoa, mực ống Đài Loan, mực ghim
* spear squid (Heterololigo bleekeri)
    Synonym: mực kim

### References

* “Danh mục loài và nhóm loài thương phẩm của nghề khai thác thủy sản [List of commercial species and species groups of fisheries]”, in Hệ thống văn bản pháp luật Việt Nam [Viet Nam's Legal Documents System]‎, 2024
# Ischnocnema
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ῐ̓σχῐ́ον (ĭskhĭ́on, “hipbone; ischium”, with a misspelling of the combining form, which would otherwise be ischio-, with no 'n') +‎ Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “shin; tibia”).

### Proper noun

Ischnocnema f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Brachycephalidae – certain saddleback toads.

### See also

* Ischnocnema on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ischnocnema on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Ischnocnema on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons