OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# docket
## English
### Alternative forms

* docquet (archaic)

### Etymology

Uncertain; perhaps a diminutive of dock.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈdɒk.ɪt/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈdɑ.kɪt/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈdɔk.ɪt/
** Audio (Queensland):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒkɪt

### Noun

docket (plural dockets)
* (obsolete) A summary; a brief digest.
* (law) A short entry of the proceedings of a court; the register containing them; the office containing the register.
* (law) A schedule of cases awaiting action in a court.
* An agenda of things to be done.
* A ticket or label fixed to something, showing its contents or directions to its use.
* (Australia) A receipt.

#### Derived terms

* on the docket
* rocket docket
* shadow docket
* stet docket

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* receipt

### Verb

docket (third-person singular simple present dockets, present participle docketing, simple past and past participle docketed)
* (transitive) To enter or inscribe in a docket, or list of causes for trial.
* (transitive) To label a parcel, etc.
    to docket goods
* (transitive) To make a brief abstract of (a writing) and endorse it on the back of the paper, or to endorse the title or contents on the back of; to summarize.
    to docket letters and papers
** February 5 1750, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, in Letters to His Son, published in 1774
    Whatever letters and papers you keep , docket and tie them up in their respective classes , so that you may instantly have recourse to any one
* (transitive) To make a brief abstract of and inscribe in a book.
    judgments regularly docketed

#### Derived terms

* docketer
* docketing software
* redocket
* undocketed

### References

“docket”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* tocked
# направити
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From на- +‎ правити.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nǎpraʋiti/
* Hyphenation: на‧пра‧ви‧ти

### Verb

на̀правити pf (Latin spelling nàpraviti)
* (transitive) to do, commit
* (transitive) to make, create, produce

#### Conjugation
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From на- (na-) +‎ пра́вити (právyty). Compare Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐˈpraʋete]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

напра́вити • (naprávyty) pf (imperfective направля́ти) (transitive)
* to direct
    Synonyms: спрямува́ти pf (sprjamuváty), скерува́ти pf (skeruváty), зверну́ти pf (zvernúty), зорієнтува́ти pf (zorijentuváty), напрями́ти pf (naprjamýty), наці́лити pf (nacílyty), поверну́ти pf (povernúty)
* to send, to refer, to route
    Synonyms: посла́ти pf (posláty), відпра́вити pf (vidprávyty)
* to sharpen
    Synonym: загостри́ти pf (zahostrýty)
* to tune (:musical instrument)
    Synonym: настро́їти pf (nastrójity)

#### Derived terms

* напра́витися impf (naprávytysja)
* напра́влення n (naprávlennja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “направити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “направити”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “направити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “направити”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “направити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# cigano
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Polish Cygan, Russian цыга́н (cygán), French tzigane, Italian zigano, ultimately from Byzantine Greek Αθίγγανος (Athínganos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡siˈɡano]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: ci‧ga‧no

### Noun

cigano (accusative singular ciganon, plural ciganoj, accusative plural ciganojn)
* Gypsy, Rom, Romani

#### Derived terms

* cigana

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From French cigain, from Byzantine Greek Αθίγγανος (Athínganos).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈɡɐ̃.nu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈɡɐ̃.nu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /siˈɡɐ.no/
* (Portugal) IPA: /siˈɡɐ.nu/ [siˈɣɐ.nu]
* (Portugal) IPA: /siˈɡɐ.nu/ [siˈɣɐ.nu]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /siˈɡa.nu/ [siˈɣa.nu]
* Hyphenation: ci‧ga‧no

### Adjective

cigano (feminine cigana, masculine plural ciganos, feminine plural ciganas)
* (not comparable) Gypsy (relating to Gypsies)
* (Portugal, derogatory) swindler (a person who swindles, cheats or defrauds)

### Noun

cigano m (plural ciganos, feminine cigana, feminine plural ciganas)
* Gypsy (member of an itinerant people of Europe and the Americas)
* (uncountable) the language of the Gypsies

#### Derived terms

* anticiganismo (“antigypsyism”)
* ciganismo

### See also

* roma, romani
# vesto
## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian veste, from Latin vestis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvesto]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -esto
* Hyphenation: ves‧to

### Noun

vesto (accusative singular veston, plural vestoj, accusative plural vestojn)
* garment

#### Derived terms

* senvestigi (“to undress”, transitive verb)
* senvestiĝi (“to undress”, intransitive verb)
* vestaĉo (“rag”) (clothing)
* vestaĵo (“clothing”)

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto vesto, French vêtement, Italian veste, Spanish vestido.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvesto/

### Noun

vesto (plural vesti)
* garment: article of clothing, item of clothing, vestment

#### Derived terms

* desvestizar (“to take the clothing from, undress, divest”)
* pedo-vestizar (“to put boots, shoes, stockings on (someone)”)
* pedovesto (“footwear, shoes”)
* rivestizar (“to dress again, clothe anew”)
* subvestaro (“underwear”)
* subvesto (“undergarment”)
* trauro-vesto (“mourning garment”)
* vestarmoro (“wardrobe”)
* vestaro (“clothes, attire, dress, toilet, garb, habiliment; raiment, wearing apparel”)
* vesteyo (“dressing place, dressing room”)
* vesti (“clothes”)
* vestizachar (“to rig out in, bedizen (ridiculously)”)
* vestizar (“to clothe, dress, array (someone, with something)”)
* vestizeyo (“dressing place, dressing room”)
* vestizita (“dressed, clad”)
* vesto-vendisto (“clothier”)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛ.sto/
* Rhymes: -ɛsto
* Hyphenation: vè‧sto

### Verb

vesto
* first-person singular present indicative of vestire

### Anagrams

* ovest
# hispano
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hisˈpano]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: his‧pa‧no

### Noun

hispano (accusative singular hispanon, plural hispanoj, accusative plural hispanojn)
* a Spaniard (person from Spain)
    Hypernym: eŭropano
* Hispanic (Of or relating to a Spanish-speaking people or culture, as in Latin America)
    Hypernym: latinamerikano

#### Derived terms

* hispanino (“Spaniardess”)

#### Related terms

* hispana (“Spanish”)
* Hispanio (“Spain”)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Hispānus, from Hispānia. Cf. also España, español.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /isˈpano/ [isˈpa.no]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -ano
* Syllabification: his‧pa‧no

### Adjective

hispano (feminine hispana, masculine plural hispanos, feminine plural hispanas)
* Spanish
* Hispanic (Of or relating to a Spanish-speaking people or culture, as in Latin America)
    Los países hispanos son España y los países de América que hablan español.The Hispanic countries are Spain and the countries of America that speak Spanish.
* Spanish or Hispano-American and living in the United States

#### Related terms

* España
* español
* hispánico
* hispano-
* latino

### Further reading

* “hispano”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# campaña
## Chavacano
### Etymology

From Spanish campaña.

### Noun

campaña
* campaign

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin campānia (whence also Italian campagna, Portuguese campanha, French champagne), from campāneus, based on Latin campus (“level field”). Doublet of champán or champaña, borrowed from French, and campiña, from Andalusian Arabic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamˈpaɲa/ [kãmˈpa.ɲa]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲa
* Syllabification: cam‧pa‧ña

### Noun

campaña f (plural campañas)
* campaign
* countryside
    Synonyms: campo, campiña
* (heraldry) base

#### Hyponyms

* campaña de desprestigio (“smear campaign”)
* campaña de difamación (“smear campaign”)

#### Derived terms

* tienda de campaña

#### Related terms

* campiña f
* campo m

#### Descendants

* > Chavacano: campaña (inherited)
* → Cebuano: kampanya
* → Tagalog: kampanya

### Further reading

* “campaña”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# toser
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin tussīre with a change in verb class.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toˈseɾ/ [t̪oˈseɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: to‧ser

### Verb

toser (first-person singular present toso, first-person singular preterite tosí, past participle tosido)
* to cough
* (figurative) to hold a candle (to someone); to compete (with someone); to touch (be as good as)
    nadie le puede tosernobody is anywhere near as good as him
** 20 August 2023, Jordi Quixano, “España se hace inmortal con la conquista de su primer Mundial femenino”, in El País‎:no hay quien le tosa ni le quite el balón o la identidad.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* tos
* tosferina

### Further reading

* “toser”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* estro
* resto
* restó
* retos
* teros
* terso
# 시작
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 始作, from 始 (“to begin”) + 作 (“to do”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈɕʰi(ː)d͡ʑa̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)작]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

시작 • (sijak) (hanja 始作)
* start, beginning
    Antonyms: 끝 (kkeut, “end; finish”), 종료(終了) (jongnyo, “conclusion; close”)
    이제부터 시작이다. ― Ije-buteo sijagida. ― This is the beginning.

##### Derived terms

* 시작(始作)되다 (sijakdoeda, “to begin; to start”, intransitive verb)
* 시작(始作)하다 (sijakhada, “to start”, transitive verb)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 詩作, from 詩 (“poetry”) + 作 (“composing”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰid͡ʑa̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [시작]

#### Noun

시작 • (sijak) (hanja 詩作)
* composition of poetry
    Synonym: 작시(作詩) (jaksi)

##### Derived terms

* 시작(詩作)하다 (sijakhada, “to compose poems”)
# phosphide
## English
### Etymology

From phospho- +‎ -ide.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

phosphide (countable and uncountable, plural phosphides)
* (chemistry) Any binary compound of phosphorus, especially one in oxidation state −3.
** 1867, Edmund Ronalds, Thomas Richardson, Chemical Technology, page 696:The new fulminate consists of a mixture of chlorate of potash, with the prussiates, soluble or unsoluble, the hyposulphites, the hypophosphites, the phosphides, the amorphous phosphorus, alone or combined.
** 1901, J. E. Stead, “Iron and Phosphorus”, in Albert Sauveur, editor, The Metallographist, volume IV, Boston, Mass.: Boston Testing Laboratories, page 225:These two metals were then melted in magnesia crucibles and cooled slowly, in order to find how much phosphide would separate during solidification.
** 1951, Joseph J. Katz, Eugene Rabinowitch, The Chemistry of Uranium: The Element, Its Binary and Related Compounds, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc., page 241:Colani (1907b) prepared uranium arsenide and antimonide by methods similar to the one he used for the preparation of phosphide.
** 1959, Georges Simenon, translated by Robert Eglesfield, Maigret Has Scruples, New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, Inc., page 126:So you took the bottle of phosphide and you poured a good dose into your sister’s cup.
** 1974, Sulzer Technical Review, volume 56/57, page 13:On the other hand, too much phosphide may render the iron brittle.

#### Derived terms

* aluminium phosphide, aluminum phosphide
* cadmium phosphide
* calcium phosphide
* copper phosphide
* gallium arsenide phosphide
* indium phosphide
* zinc phosphide
# ꦱꦶꦫ
## Javanese
### Alternative forms

Javanese writing system :
| Carakan | ꦱꦶꦫ |
| Pegon | سيرا |
| Roman | sira |

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese sira (“personal pronoun of the third person in parwas and kak.; of the second and the third person in kidung”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tengger) IPA: /si.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra
* Hyphenation: si‧ra

### Pronoun

ꦱꦶꦫ (sira)
* (Tengger, archaic in general) personal pronoun of 2nd person
* (archaic) personal pronoun of 3rd person

### Further reading

* “sira” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# μέσος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* μέσσος (méssos) — Epic, Doric
* μέττος (méttos) — Boeotian, Cretan

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *métsos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). Cognate with Latin medius, Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀 (ma$^i$δiiāna), Old Armenian մէջ (mēǰ), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mé.sos/ → /ˈme.sos/ → /ˈme.sos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /mé.sos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈme.sos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈme.sos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈme.sos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈme.sos/

### Adjective

μέσος • (mésos) m (feminine μέση, neuter μέσον); first/second declension
* middle of, between, amidst
* half
* of middle quality: moderate, intermediate

#### Derived terms

* μεσάδιος (mesádios)
* μεσηγύ (mesēgú)
* μεσοποτάμιος (mesopotámios)

#### Related terms

* μέσως (mésōs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: μέσος (mésos, “middle”)
       μέσο n (méso, “middle”)

#### References

* “μέσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “μέσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “μέσος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* μέσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* μέσος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “μέσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3319 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. average idem, page 55.central idem, page 122.intermediate idem, page 451.middle idem, page 527.thick idem, page 865.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos), from Proto-Hellenic *métsos, Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”).

### Adjective

μέσος • (mésos) m (feminine μέση, neuter μέσο)
* middle, mid
* average, mean
* compromise

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο μέσος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο μέσος, etc.)

#### Related terms

* μέση f (mési, “middle, waist”)
* μέσο n (méso, “middle, average”)
* Μέσος χρόνος Γκρίνουιτς m (Mésos chrónos Gkrínouits, “Greenwich Mean Time”)
* μισός (misós, “half”)

### Noun

μέσος • (mésos) m (plural μέσοι)
* (mathematics) average, mean
    Coordinate term: διάμεσος (diámesos)
    αριθμητικός μέσος ― arithmitikós mésos ― arithmetic mean
* (soccer) midfielder
* middle finger
* middle toe

#### Synonyms

* (middle finger): μεσαίο δάχτυλο n (mesaío dáchtylo)
# 버찌
## Korean
### Etymology

Of native Korean origin.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʌ̹t͡ɕ͈i]
* Phonetic hangul: [버찌]

### Noun

버찌 • (beojji)
* cherry (fruit)

#### Related terms

* 벚 (beot)

#### See also

* 복숭아 (boksung'a, “peach”)
* 자두 (jadu, “plum”)
# 곰

| 곰 | U+ACF0, &#44272; HANGUL SYLLABLE GOM |
| Composition: | ㄱ + ㅗ + ㅁ |
| ← 곯 [U+ACEF] | Hangul Syllables | 곱 → [U+ACF1] |
고곡곢곣곤곥곦 곧골곩곪곫곬곭 곮곯곰곱곲곳곴 공곶곷곸곹곺곻 :
| 계 ← | → 과 |

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞(ː)m]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [곰(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Etymology 1

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 곰〯 (Yale: kwǒm), from earlier *고마〮 (Yale: *kwòmá), which survived into Middle Korean in the place name 고마〮ᄂᆞᄅᆞ (Yale: Kwòmánòlò). Related to Baekje 金馬 (*kəma/*kuma, “bear”) and possibly Japanese 熊(くま) (kuma, “bear”).
Beyond Koreanic and Japanese, perhaps a regional Wanderwort also related to Old Chinese 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm).

#### Noun

곰 • (gom)
* bear (animal)
    곰처럼 미련하다 ― gomcheoreom miryeonhada ― to be stupid like a bear
* (figurative, derogatory) a thick, dull fellow
    Synonym: 곰탱이 (gomtaeng'i)

##### Derived terms

* 곰개미 (gomgaemi, “Formica japonica”)
* 곰덫 (gomdeot, “bear trap”)
* 곰솔 (gomsol, “black pine (Pinus thunbergii etc.)”)
* 곰쥐 (gomjwi, “black rat”)
* 말레이곰 (malleigom, “sun bear”)
* 반달가슴곰 (bandalgaseumgom, “Asiatic black bear”)
* 북극곰 (bukgeukgom, “polar bear”)
* 불곰 (bulgom, “brown bear”)
* 안경곰 (an'gyeonggom, “spectacled bear”)
* 회색곰 (hoesaekgom, “grizzly bear”)
* 흑곰 (heukgom, “black bear”)
* 흰곰 (huin'gom, “polar bear”)

##### See also

* 熊 (ung), the hanja for bears

### Etymology 2

고 (go-, “to simmer slowly”) +‎ ㅁ (-m, nominalizing suffix).

#### Noun

곰 • (gom)
* verbal noun of 고다 (goda, “to simmer slowly”)
* (rare) Short for 곰탕 (gomtang, “slow-simmered beef soup”).
# Balken
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German balke, from Old High German balko, balcho, from Proto-West Germanic *balkō, from Proto-Germanic *balkô. Compare English balk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbalkn̩/, /ˈbalkən/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Bal‧ken

### Noun

Balken m (strong, genitive Balkens, plural Balken)
* beam, crossbeam
    Synonym: (Austria) Tram
    Das Dach wird von vier Balken gestützt. ― The roof is supported by four beams.
* bar (long, narrow drawn or printed rectangle, cuboid or cylinder, especially as used in a bar code or a bar chart; informal unit of measure of signal strength for a wireless device such as a cell phone)
    Ich habe noch vier Balken Akku. ― I still have four bars of battery.
* (music) beam (horizontal bar which connects the stems of two or more notes to group them and to indicate metric value)
* (heraldry) fess

#### Derived terms

* Balkenblase
* Balkenbrücke
* Balkencode
* Balkendecke
* Balkendiagramm
* Balkengalaxie
* Balkenkonstruktion
* Balkenlage
* Balkentheorie
* Balkenwaage
* Dachbalken
* den Splitter im fremden Auge, aber nicht den Balken im eigenen sehen
* Donnerbalken
* Fensterbalken
* Firstbalken
* Ganzbalken
* Giebelbalken
* Holzbalken
* Kehlbalken
* Leerbalken
* lügen, dass sich die Balken biegen
* Ortbalken
* Querbalken
* Schrägbalken
* Schwebebalken
* Stichbalken
* Stützbalken
* Wandbalken
* Wasser hat keine Balken, Wasser hat keinen Balken
* Wechselbalken

#### Related terms

* Gebälk
* gebalkt

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: balka
* → Slovincian: balka

### Further reading

* “Balken” in Duden online
* “Balken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* Balken on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# mšꜥ
## Demotic
### Verb

* (intransitive) to go, to walk, to travel

#### Descendants

* Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)
* Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 96
* Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic‎, third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, page 59
* Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago‎, volume M (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 244

## Egyptian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /mɛʃɑː/
** Conventional anglicization: mesha

#### Noun

m
* army
* footsoldiers
* workgang

##### Alternative forms

mšꜥ :

##### Derived terms

* jmj-r-mšꜥ (“general, boss of a workgang”)
* jmj-r-mšꜥ-wr (“field marshal”)
* jdnw-n-mšꜥ (“colonel”)
* ꜥnḫ-n-mšꜥ (“infantryman”)
* mšꜥ qt (“scapula”)

##### Descendants

* Demotic: mšꜥ
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲏϣ (mēš)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲓ (mēēši), ⲙⲉϣⲓ (meši)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše), ⲙⲏϣⲉ (mēše)
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲉⲓϣⲉ (mieiše), ⲙⲓϣⲉ (miše)

#### Noun

m
* campaign, military expedition

##### Alternative forms

| mšꜥ | mšꜥ |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʃʕə/ → /ˈmaʃʕə/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaʃʕə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaʃʕə/ (infinitive)
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /mɛʃɑː/
** Conventional anglicization: mesha

#### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to march
* (intransitive) to campaign

##### Alternative forms

| mšꜥ | mšꜥ | mšꜥ |

##### Descendants

* Demotic: mšꜥ
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)

### References

* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
* Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97
* ↑ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 39
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 44–45