# engendrar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan engen(d)rar, from Latin ingenerāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əɲ.ʒənˈdɾa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [eɲ.d͡ʒenˈdɾaɾ]
* Audio (Catalonia):(file)
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

engendrar (first-person singular present engendro, first-person singular preterite engendrí, past participle engendrat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
* to engender, spawn

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “engendrar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “engendrar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “engendrar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “engendrar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin ingenerāre.

### Verb

engendrar
* to engender

#### Related terms

* genro

### References

* engendrar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese engendrar (14th c.), from Old French engendrer, from Latin ingenerāre. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese engerar (inherited from Latin) and modern gerar < generāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒẽˈdɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.ʒẽˈdɾa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: en‧gen‧drar

### Verb

engendrar (first-person singular present engendro, first-person singular preterite engendrei, past participle engendrado)
* to engender

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish engendrar, probably borrowed from Old French engendrer, from Latin ingenerāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enxenˈdɾaɾ/ [ẽŋ.xẽn̪ˈd̪ɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: en‧gen‧drar

### Verb

engendrar (first-person singular present engendro, first-person singular preterite engendré, past participle engendrado)
* to engender, spawn, beget
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 66:El Huallepén o Guallipén […] es un animal anfibio muy bravo, fuerte, y huraño , de no más de ochenta centímetros de alto, con cabeza de ternero y cuerpo de oveja. Cubre sorpresivamente a las ovejas y a las vacas, y engendra en ellas hijos de la misma especie de las madres, pero que se señalan por tener torcidas las patas y a veces también el hocico.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* engendrable
* engendración
* engendrador
* engendramiento
* engendro

### Further reading

* “engendrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10