# իր
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /iɾ/, [iɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /iɾ/, [iɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian իր (ir).

#### Noun

իր • (ir)
* thing
    Synonym: (colloquial) վեշ (veš)
* (in the plural) things, belongings, goods, stuff
    Synonym: (colloquial) վեշեր (vešer)

##### Derived terms

* իրադարձություն (iradarjutʻyun)
* իրապաշտ (irapašt)
* իրավիճակ (iravičak)
* իրատես (irates)

### Etymology 2

From Old Armenian իւր (iwr).

#### Alternative forms

* յուր (yur) — dated
* իրա (ira) — colloquial

#### Pronoun

իր • (ir)
* genitive singular of ինքը (inkʻə): his, her, its
    Նա իր գործը չի արել։ ― Na ir gorcə čʻi arel. ― He hasn't done his work.
    Արմենը գնաց Սարոյի տունը և խաղաց իր գնդակով։ ― Armenə gnacʻ Saroyi tunə ew xaġacʻ ir gndakov. ― Armen went to Saro's house and played with his (Armen's) ball.

##### Usage notes

The possessive pronoun իր is used if the attributive possessive pronoun of the third person singular refers to the subject of the sentence. If it refers to another person, the regular third person pronoun նրա (nra) is used instead. For example, Արմենը կարդաց իր գիրքը means "Armen read his (own) book," while Արմենը կարդաց նրա գիրքը means "Armen read his (i.e., some other person's) book." The same rule applies for the corresponding plural forms իրենց (irencʻ) and նրանց (nrancʻ).

### References

* Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112-113

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Parthian 𐫙𐫏𐫡 (ʿyr /⁠īr⁠/, “thing, matter”). Older sources, not knowing about the Iranian word, derived իր (ir) from the pronoun ի- (i-), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís, for the suffix comparing որ (or) beside ո (o). Because the Iranian is etymologically unexplained, Olsen allows the possibility that for once the loan went in the opposite direction, i.e. that the Iranian word is borrowed from Armenian.

### Noun

իր • (ir)
* thing, matter, affair
    յիր արկանել ― yir arkanel ― to use, to wear; to put in execution
    ոչ կարիմ առնել իրս ինչ ― očʻ karim aṙnel irs inčʻ ― I can do nothing
    իրք առն յառաջադէմ յաջողէին ― irkʻ aṙn yaṙaǰadēm yaǰołēin ― this man's affairs prospered
    այր հմուտ իրաց պատերազմի ― ayr hmut iracʻ paterazmi ― a man experienced in warfare
    կարեւոր իր ― karewor ir ― an important affair
    իրք աշխարհին ― irkʻ ašxarhin ― public business
    իրաց իրաց ― iracʻ iracʻ ― of various, or many things
    յիրս յիրս ― yirs yirs ― in various matters
    իրօք ― irōkʻ ― by deeds; really, effectively
    ամենայն իրօք ― amenayn irōkʻ ― in any way, or manner, at all events
    սմին, դմին, նմին իրի ― smin, dmin, nmin iri ― for this, therefore, for this, that reason
    բարւոք ընթանան իրք ― barwokʻ əntʻanan irkʻ ― affairs are thriving, business is prosperous
    ընդ բան եւ ընդ իր է մեծ ինչ խտիր ― ənd ban ew ənd ir ē mec inčʻ xtir ― saying and doing are two things
    նմին աղագաւ, նմին իրի ― nmin ałagaw, nmin iri ― for which reason, therefore, wherefore, on that account; consequently

#### Derived terms

* իրագէտ (iragēt)
* իրազգած (irazgac)
* իրազեկ (irazek)
* իրածեմ (iracem)
* իրական (irakan)
* իրաւ (iraw)
* իրեմ (irem)
* իրենող (irenoł)
* իրողութիւն (irołutʻiwn)
* իրոցեմ (irocʻem)
* իրօք (irōkʻ)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: իր (ir), իրոք (irokʻ)

### References

* ↑ Benveniste, Émile (1957–1958) “Mots d’emprunt iraniens en arménien”, in Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 53, page 57
* ↑ Benveniste, Émile (1964) “Éléments parthes en arménien”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes. Nouvelle série‎ (in French), volume 1, pages 11–12
* ↑ Petermann, Julius Heinrich (1837) Grammatica linguae armenicae (in Latin), Berlin: Eichler, page 179
* ↑ Pedersen, Holger (1906) “Armenisch und die Nachbarsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 39, number 3, page 478
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “իր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 250
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 883–884

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “իր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “իր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy