# سرد
## Arabic

* Root
* س ر د (s r d)
* 1 term

### Etymology

Cognate with Hebrew סֵדֶר (séder, “order”) and סִדְרָה (sidra, “sequence, series”)

### Pronunciation

* Verb: IPA: /sa.ra.da/
* Noun: IPA: /sard/

### Verb

سَرَدَ • (sarada) I (non-past يَسْرُدُ (yasrudu), verbal noun سَرْد (sard))
* to arrange one after the other
* to link (of chain and mail)
    Synonym: سَلْسَلَ (salsala)
* to sew, to fasten together
* to continue
    Synonym: وَصَلَ (waṣala)
* to detail in a sequence, to list
* to narrate, to report, to tell
    Synonyms: قَصَّ (qaṣṣa), رَوَى (rawā)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

سَرْد • (sard) m
* verbal noun of سَرَدَ (sarada) (form I)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سرد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 307
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سرد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1043a
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “سرد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1346
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سرد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 490
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 474

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian slt' (/⁠sard⁠/, “cold”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈsaɾð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sǽɹd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sǽɹd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sǽɹd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sǽɹd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sǽɹd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sǽɹd̪]
* Audio (Iran):(file)
* Rhymes: -ard

### Adjective

| Dari | سرد |
| Iranian Persian | سرد |
| Tajik | сард |
سرد • (sard) (comparative سردتَر (sard-tar), superlative سردتَرین (sard-tarin))
* cold (of temperature)
    Synonym: یخ (yax) (in Dari)
    Antonym: گرم (garm, “warm”)
** c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3239”, in The Masnavi:دست و رو را شست و زان آب سرد.dast u ru-râ šost u zân âb-e sard.he washed his hands and face with that cold water.(Reynold A. Nicholson translation)
* (figurative) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, discouraged
    Antonym: گرم (garm, “warm, enthusiastic”)
* (figurative) cold, bitter
    آه سرد ― âh-e sard ― bitter sigh

#### Derived terms

* آب‌سردکن (âb-sard-kon)
* جنگ سرد (jang-e sard)
* سرداب (sardâb)
* سردخانه (sardxâne)
* سردسیر (sardsir)
* سردسیری (sardsiri)
* سردی (sardi)

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سرد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سرد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit शरद् (śarad).

#### Noun

سرد • (sarad) f (Hindi spelling सरद)
* autumn
* fall (season)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian سرد (sard), from Middle Persian slt' (sard).

#### Adjective

سرد • (sard) (Hindi spelling सर्द)
* cold
    Synonym: ٹھنڈا (ṭhaṇḍā)

#### References

* John T. Platts (2012 July 31 (last accessed)) “A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎