# 蠟

| 蠟 | U+881F, &#34847; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-881F |
| ← 蠞 [U+881E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蠠 → [U+8820] |
| 蠟 | U+F927, &#63783; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F927 |
| ← 臘 [U+F926] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 廊 → [U+F928] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 蠟 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 蝋 |
| Simplified | 蜡 |

### Han character

蠟 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 中戈女女女 (LIVVV), four-corner 5211$_6$, composition ⿰虫巤)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1101, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33786
* Dae Jaweon: page 1565, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2903, character 6
* Unihan data for U+881F
* Unihan data for U+F927

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鑞 | *raːb |
| 蠟 | *raːb |
| 邋 | *raːb, *rab |
| 臘 | *raːb |
| 臈 | *raːb |
| 擸 | *raːb, *rab |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 獵 | *rab |
| 躐 | *rab |
| 鬣 | *rab |
| 儠 | *rab |
| 犣 | *rab |
| 鱲 | *rab |
| 巤 | *rab |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːb) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab).

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): là (la$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): na$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ла (la, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laap$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lap$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): la̍p
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lab$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): là
* Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lor$^2$ / lorh$^7$ / lah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): la̍h / la̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lah$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$laq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): la$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: là
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: là
*** Wade–Giles: la$^4$
*** Yale: là
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
*** Palladius: ла (la)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: na$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: la
*** Sinological IPA : /na²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ла (la, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /la²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laap$^6$
*** Yale: laahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːp̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lap$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lap̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lat$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lat̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: lab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /laʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là
*** Sinological IPA : /la⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lăk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃aʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lor$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒ¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒʔ²⁴/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /laʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /laʔ²⁴/
* lor2/lorh7 - vernacular;
* lah7 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lap
Rime :
| Character | 蠟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 盍 (144) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧盍切 |
| Baxter | lap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | là |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laap$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤap/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蠟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | là |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lap › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.rˁap/ (no pre-Qín exx.) |
| English | wax |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蠟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8144 |
| Phonetic component | 巤 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臘 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːb/ |

### Definitions

蠟
* wax
    From: Wang Fu, Comments of a Recluse, c. 2nd century CE
    Zhī zhīlà zhī kě míng dēng yě, ér bùzhī qí shènduō zé míng zhī. [Pinyin]
    [People] know that fat and wax can brighten lamps, but know not that too much shall dim them.
* candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m)
* light yellow

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蠟燭, 蠟炬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蠟燭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蠟燭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 洋蠟 dated |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蠟, 洋燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 蠟燈, 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 蠟燈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 洋蠟, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蠟燭, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 洋燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 洋蠟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 油燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 蠟燭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋蠟燭, 礦燭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 洋燭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 火燭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蠟燭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 燭, 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 燭仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 蠟 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蠟燭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 燭, 洋燭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蠟燭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |

### Compounds

* 五侯蠟燭 / 五侯蜡烛
* 傳蠟 / 传蜡
* 刻蠟 / 刻蜡
* 口蠟 / 口蜡
* 吹燈拔蠟 / 吹灯拔蜡
* 味同嚼蠟 / 味同嚼蜡
* 味如嚼蠟 / 味如嚼蜡
* 嚼蠟 / 嚼蜡
* 坐蠟 / 坐蜡
* 寶蠟 / 宝蜡
* 封蠟 / 封蜡 (fēnglà)
* 尸蠟
* 戒蠟 / 戒蜡
* 插蠟燭 / 插蜡烛
* 摶沙嚼蠟 / 抟沙嚼蜡
* 撥蠟 / 拨蜡
* 枯蠟 / 枯蜡
* 梔蠟 / 栀蜡
* 梔言蠟貌 / 栀言蜡貌
* 梔貌蠟言 / 栀貌蜡言
* 水蠟樹 / 水蜡树
* 江西蠟 / 江西蜡 (jiāngxīlà)
* 油蠟 / 油蜡
* 洋蠟 / 洋蜡 (yánglà)
* 洋蠟燭 / 洋蜡烛
* 淚蠟 / 泪蜡
* 焰蠟 / 焰蜡
* 然蠟 / 然蜡
* 照天蠟燭 / 照天蜡烛
* 燒蠟 / 烧蜡
* 爨蠟 / 爨蜡
* 畫蠟 / 画蜡
* 白蠟 / 白蜡 (báilà)
* 白蠟明經 / 白蜡明经
* 石蠟 / 石蜡 (shílà)
* 紅蠟 / 红蜡
* 絳蠟 / 绛蜡
* 綠蠟 / 绿蜡
* 翠蠟 / 翠蜡
* 興如嚼蠟 / 兴如嚼蜡
* 花蠟 / 花蜡
* 花蠟燭 / 花蜡烛
* 蜂蠟 / 蜂蜡 (fēnglà)
* 蜜蠟 / 蜜蜡 (mìlà)
* 蟲白蠟 / 虫白蜡
* 蠟丸 / 蜡丸
* 蠟丸兒 / 蜡丸儿
* 蠟丸帛書 / 蜡丸帛书
* 蠟丸書 / 蜡丸书
* 蠟丸絹書 / 蜡丸绢书
* 蠟丸體 / 蜡丸体
* 蠟人 / 蜡人
* 蠟人兒 / 蜡人儿
* 蠟像 / 蜡像 (làxiàng)
* 蠟兄 / 蜡兄
* 蠟光 / 蜡光
* 蠟光光 / 蜡光光
* 蠟兒 / 蜡儿
* 蠟剪 / 蜡剪
* 蠟千兒 / 蜡千儿
* 蠟嘴 / 蜡嘴
* 蠟圓 / 蜡圆
* 蠟塌 / 蜡塌
* 蠟子 / 蜡子
* 蠟屐 / 蜡屐
* 蠟帛書 / 蜡帛书
* 蠟弩牙 / 蜡弩牙
* 蠟彈 / 蜡弹
* 蠟撚 / 蜡撚
* 蠟書 / 蜡书
* 蠟本 / 蜡本
* 蠟板 / 蜡板
* 蠟染 / 蜡染 (làrǎn)
* 蠟查 / 蜡查
* 蠟梅 / 蜡梅 (làméi)
* 蠟楂 / 蜡楂
* 蠟槃 / 蜡槃
* 蠟槍頭 / 蜡枪头
* 蠟樹 / 蜡树
* 蠟檄 / 蜡檄
* 蠟沈
* 蠟淚 / 蜡泪
* 蠟液 / 蜡液
* 蠟渣 / 蜡渣
* 蠟滓 / 蜡滓
* 蠟火 / 蜡火
* 蠟炬 / 蜡炬 (làjù)
* 蠟煤 / 蜡煤
* 蠟煙 / 蜡烟
* 蠟燈 / 蜡灯
* 蠟燄 / 蜡焰
* 蠟燭 / 蜡烛 (làzhú)
* 蠟燭珠 / 蜡烛珠
* 蠟燭花 / 蜡烛花
* 蠟版 / 蜡版
* 蠟牋 / 蜡笺
* 蠟珀 / 蜡珀
* 蠟珠 / 蜡珠
* 蠟療 / 蜡疗
* 蠟白 / 蜡白
* 蠟石 / 蜡石
* 蠟種 / 蜡种
* 蠟筆 / 蜡笔 (làbǐ)
* 蠟筆畫 / 蜡笔画 (làbǐhuà)
* 蠟箋 / 蜡笺 (làjiān)
* 蠟簽兒 / 蜡签儿
* 蠟糖人 / 蜡糖人
* 蠟紅 / 蜡红
* 蠟紙 / 蜡纸 (làzhǐ)
* 蠟絹 / 蜡绢
* 蠟絹畫 / 蜡绢画
* 蠟綵 / 蜡彩
* 蠟纈 / 蜡缬
* 蠟美人 / 蜡美人
* 蠟臺 / 蜡台 (làtái)
* 蠟花 / 蜡花
* 蠟花兒 / 蜡花儿
* 蠟茶 / 蜡茶
* 蠟蒂 / 蜡蒂
* 蠟蜂 / 蜡蜂 (làfēng)
* 蠟蜜 / 蜡蜜
* 蠟蟲 / 蜡虫
* 蠟蟻春 / 蜡蚁春
* 蠟表 / 蜡表
* 蠟觜 / 蜡觜
* 蠟詔 / 蜡诏
* 蠟釵子 / 蜡钗子
* 蠟鎗頭 / 蜡枪头
* 蠟面 / 蜡面
* 蠟面茶 / 蜡面茶
* 蠟鞭 / 蜡鞭
* 蠟香 / 蜡香
* 蠟鳳 / 蜡凤
* 蠟黃 / 蜡黄 (làhuáng)
* 蠟鼻 / 蜡鼻
* 頭蠟 / 头蜡
* 香蠟 / 香蜡
* 髮蠟 / 发蜡 (fàlà)
* 鯨蠟 / 鲸蜡
* 鳳蠟 / 凤蜡
* 黃蠟 / 黄蜡 (huánglà)
* 黃蠟蠟 / 黄蜡蜡
* 點蠟幔 / 点蜡幔

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蝋(ろう) (rō, “wax”)
* → Korean: 납(蠟) (nap, “wax”)
Others:
* → Mongolian: лаа (laa, “candle”), лав (lav, “wax”)
* →? Proto-Vietic: *k-raːp (“wax”)
** Vietnamese: sáp (“wax; candle”)
* → Zhuang: lab (“candle”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 蝋 |
| Kyūjitai | 蠟 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 蝋)
* wax
* candle
* waxy
* glazed

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 蠟 – see the following entry. :
| 【蝋】H | [kanji] hyōgai kanji [kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 蠟: wax; candle; waxy; glazed Kanji reading: ろう |
(This term, 蠟, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蠟 (MC lap).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 랍〮 (Yale: láp) | 랍〮 (Yale: láp) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 밀〯 (Yale: mǐl) | 랍〮 (Yale: láp) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾa̠p̚] ~ [na̠p̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [랍/납]

### Hanja

Wikisource 蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap))
* hanja form of 랍/납 (“wax”)
* hanja form of 랍/납 (“candle”)

#### Compounds

* 경랍 (鯨蠟, gyeongnap)
* 광랍 (鑛蠟, gwangnap)
* 납석 (蠟石, napseok)
* 납촉 (蠟燭, napchok)
* 납형 (蠟型, naphyeong)
* 납화 (蠟畫, naphwa)
* 목랍 (木蠟, mongnap)
* 밀랍 (蜜蠟, millap)
* 봉랍 (封蠟, bongnap)
* 석랍 (石蠟, seongnap)
* 성랍 (聖蠟, seongnap)
* 시랍 (屍蠟, sirap)
* 어랍 (魚蠟, eorap)
* 접랍 (接蠟, jeomnap)
* 주랍 (朱蠟, jurap)
* 지랍 (地蠟, jirap)
* 탈랍 (脫蠟, tallap)
* 황랍 (黃蠟, hwangnap)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蠟: Hán Nôm readings: rệp, lạp, sáp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999