# قفس
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian قَفَس (qafas), itself from Arabic قَفَص (qafaṣ).

### Noun

قفس • (kafes) (plural قفسلر (kafesler))
* birdcage, any cage used to keep birds and poultry in
* latticework, treillage, grating
    Synonym: شبكه (şebeke)
* (architecture) frame of a wooden house
* kafes, a section of the imperial harem where princes where kept under house-arrest [from 1617]
    Synonym: چمشیرلك (çimşirlik)
* (figuratively) skeleton of a man or beast
    Synonym: اسكلت (iskelet)

#### Derived terms

* قفسجی (kafesci, “lattice-maker”)
* قفسلمك (kafeslemek, “to cage, to coop in”)
* قفسلو (kafeslü, “grated”)
* قفسی (kafesî, “lattice-shaped”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kafes
* → Albanian: kafaz
* → Armenian: խաֆես (xafes), կաֆաս (kafas)
* → Bulgarian: кафе́з (kaféz)
* → Crimean Tatar: qafes
* → Greek: καφάσι (kafási), καφασωτός (kafasotós)
* → Macedonian: кафез (kafez)
* → Romanian: cafas
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ка̀вез
    Latin script: kàvez

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kafes”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2327
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قفس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 966b
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cavea”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 163
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قفس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 3734–3735
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kafes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قفس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1467

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَفَص (qafaṣ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qa.ˈfas]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.fǽs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.fǽs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qä.fǽs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qä.fǽs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæ.fǽs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qä.fǽs]

### Noun

| Dari | قفس |
| Iranian Persian | قفس |
| Tajik | қафас |
قَفَس • (qafas) (plural قفس‌ها (qafas-hâ))
* cage
** 2007, Moein, “Jodayi [جدایی]”, in Tolou:بنویس فرصت موندن یه نفس بود سهم من از همه دنیا یه قفس بودbenevis, forsat-e mundan ye nafas bud sahm-e man az hame donyâ ye qafas bud(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* قفسه (qafase, “cupboard”)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qəfəs
* → Gujarati: કફસ (kaphas)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: क़फ़स (qafas)
    Urdu: قَفَس (qafas)
* → Uyghur: قەپەز (qepez)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قفس (kafes)
** Turkish: kafes
** → Albanian: kafaz
** → Armenian: խաֆես (xafes), կաֆաս (kafas)
** → Bulgarian: кафе́з (kaféz)
** → Crimean Tatar: qafes
** → Greek: καφάσι (kafási), καφασωτός (kafasotós)
** → Macedonian: кафез (kafez)
** → Romanian: cafas
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ка̀вез
    Latin script: kàvez

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَفَس (qafas), from Arabic قَفَص (qafaṣ).

### Noun

قَفَس • (qafas) m (Hindi spelling क़फ़स)
* cage
* prison