# 八卦
## Chinese

* 八卦 (Gan)
* 八卦 (Cantonese)
* 八卦 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology

The figurative sense reportedly originates from the practice of using trigrams to censor explicit body parts on some Hong Kong tabloids.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāguà
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baat$^3$ gwaa$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): bat$^6$ gua$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pat-koa
* Northern Min (KCR): băi-gua̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): báik-guá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pat-kòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): boih$^4$ kuê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāguà
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: baguà
*** Wade–Giles: pa$^1$-kua$^4$
*** Yale: bā-gwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baguah
*** Palladius: багуа (bagua)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baat$^3$ gwaa$^3$
*** Yale: baat gwa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baat$^8$ gwaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bad$^3$ gua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːt̚³ kʷaː³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: bat$^6$ gua$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pat̚⁵ kua³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pat-koa
*** Hakka Romanization System: bad$^ˋ$ gua
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bad$^5$ gua$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pat̚² ku̯a⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: băi-gua̿
*** Sinological IPA : /pai²⁴ kua³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: báik-guá
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pat-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: pat-kuà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: patkoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚³²⁻⁵ kua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: boih$^4$ kuê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: poih khuè
*** Sinological IPA : /poiʔ²⁻⁴ kʰue²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: peat kweaH
Rime :
| Character | 八 | 卦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鎋 (75) | 佳 (32) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 博拔切 | 古賣切 |
| Baxter | peat | kweaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠɛt̚/ | /kˠuɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚæt̚/ | /kʷᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pæt̚/ | /kuæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pəɨt̚/ | /kwaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pɛt̚/ | /kuɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pæt̚/ | /kwai$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pat̚/ | /kwai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ba | guà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baat$^3$ | gwaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤret [k]ʷˤre-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*preːd kʷreːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 八 | 卦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bā | guà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pɛt › | ‹ kwɛ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁret/ | /*[k]ʷˁre-s/ |
| English | eight | prognosticate with Achillea |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 八 | 卦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 89 | 4556 |
| Phonetic component | 八 | 圭 |
| Rime group | 月 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 八 | 卦 |
| Old Chinese | /*preːd/ | /*kʷreːs/ |

### Noun

八卦
* bagua (eight divinatory trigrams of the I Ching)
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Bāguà yǐ xiàng gào, yáo tuàn yǐ qíng yán, gāngróu zájū, ér jíxiōng kějiàn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The eight trigrams communicate their information by their emblematic figures. The explanations appended to the lines and the completed figures tell how the contemplation of them affected (the makers). The strong and the weak lines appear mixed in them, and (thus) the good and the evil (which they indicate) can be seen.
* (figurative) gossip; tittle-tattle; rumour
    八卦雜誌／八卦杂志 ― bāguà zázhì ― gossip magazine; tabloid magazine

#### Derived terms

* 八卦丹
* 八卦佬
* 八卦公
* 八卦圖 / 八卦图
* 八卦山 (Bāguàshān)
* 八卦拳
* 八卦掌 (bāguàzhǎng)
* 八卦攔路虎 / 八卦拦路虎
* 八卦教 (Bāguàjiào)
* 八卦癀
* 八卦米篩 / 八卦米筛
* 八卦鏡 / 八卦镜
* 八卦陣 / 八卦阵
* 八婆 (bāpó)
* 諸事八卦 / 诸事八卦 (zhūshì bāguà)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 八卦(はっか) (hakka); 八卦(はっけ) (hakke)
* → Korean: 팔괘(八卦) (palgwae)
* → Vietnamese: bát quái (八卦)
Others:
* → English: bagua, pa kua
* → Italian: bagua
* → Tagalog: bagua

### Verb

八卦
* (figurative) to gossip; to tittle-tattle

#### Synonyms

* 嚼舌 (jiáoshé)
* 嚼舌頭／嚼舌头 (jiáo shétou)

### Adjective

八卦
* (figurative) prone to gossip; gossipy

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 八 | 卦 |
| はち > はっ Grade: 1 | け Hyōgai |
| goon ||
/pæti kʷe/ → */patikke/ → /fakke/ → /hakke/
From Middle Chinese 八卦 (MC peat kweaH).
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はっけ [hàkké] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠k̚ke̞]

#### Noun

八(はっ)卦(け) • (hakke)
* bagua: the eight divinatory trigrams of the 易経 (Ekikyō, “I Ching”):
** ☰ - 乾 (ken, “qián”)
** ☱ - 兌 (da, “duì”)
** ☲ - 離 (ri, “lí”)
** ☳ - 震 (shin, “zhèn”)
** ☴ - 巽 (son, “xùn”)
** ☵ - 坎 (kan, “kǎn”)
** ☶ - 艮 (gon, “gèn”)
** ☷ - 坤 (kon, “kūn”)
* (by extension) augury, divination, scrying, fortune-telling; particularly using bagua trigrams
    Synonyms: 占い (uranai), 占術 (senjutsu), 占卜 (senboku), 卜占 (bokusen)

##### Derived terms

* 八卦(はっけ)置(お)き (hakke-oki)
* 八卦鏡(はっけきょう) (hakkekyō)
* 八卦(はっけ)見(み) (hakkemi)
* はっけよい (hakkeyoi)
* 辻(つじ)八卦(はっけ) (tsuji-hakke)
* 年(とし)八卦(はっけ) (toshi-hakke)

##### Idioms

* 当(あ)たるも八卦(はっけ)当(あ)たらぬも八卦(はっけ) (ataru mo hakke ataranu mo hakke)

#### Proper noun

八(はっ)卦(け) • (Hakke)
* a place name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 八 | 卦 |
| はつ > はっ Grade: 1 | か Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
/pætu kʷa/ → /fakkwa/ → /hakka/
From Middle Chinese 八卦 (MC peat kweaH).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はっか [hàkkáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [ha̠k̚ka̠]

#### Noun

八(はっ)卦(か) • (hakka)
* Synonym of 八卦 (hakke, “bagua: the eight divinatory trigrams of the 易経 (Ekikyō, “I Ching”)”)

##### Derived terms

* 後天(こうてん)八卦(はっか) (kōten hakka)
* 先天(せんてん)八卦(はっか) (senten hakka)

### See also

* 八卦掌(はっけしょう) (hakkeshō, “baguazhang”)
* 六十(ろくじゅう)四卦(しけ) (rokujūshike)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 八 | 卦 |

### Noun

八卦 • (palgwae) (hangeul 팔괘)
* hanja form of 팔괘 (“bagua”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 八 | 卦 |

### Noun

八卦
* chữ Hán form of bát quái (“bagua”).