# gravis
## Catalan
### Verb

gravis
* second-person singular present subjunctive of gravar

## Czech
### Noun

gravis m inan
* grave accent (diacritic mark `)
    Synonym: obrácená čárka

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “gravis”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* gravis in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

## Esperanto
### Verb

gravis
* past of gravi

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see German Gravis).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑ(ː)ʋis/, [ˈɡrɑ̝(ː)ʋis̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑʋis
* Hyphenation: gra‧vis

### Noun

gravis
* grave accent (diacritical mark)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of gravis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gravikseni
gravikseni
accusative
nom.
gravikseni
gravikseni
gen.
gravikseni
genitive
gravikseni
gravisteni graviksieni
partitive
gravistani
graviksiani
inessive
graviksessani
graviksissani
elative
graviksestani
graviksistani
illative
gravikseeni
graviksiini
adessive
graviksellani
graviksillani
ablative
gravikseltani
graviksiltani
allative
gravikselleni
graviksilleni
essive
graviksenani
graviksinani
translative
graviksekseni
graviksikseni
abessive
graviksettani
graviksittani
instructive
comitative
—graviksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
graviksesi
graviksesi
accusative
nom.
graviksesi
graviksesi
gen.
graviksesi
genitive
graviksesi
gravistesi graviksiesi
partitive
gravistasi
graviksiasi
inessive
graviksessasi
graviksissasi
elative
graviksestasi
graviksistasi
illative
gravikseesi
graviksiisi
adessive
graviksellasi
graviksillasi
ablative
gravikseltasi
graviksiltasi
allative
graviksellesi
graviksillesi
essive
graviksenasi
graviksinasi
translative
gravikseksesi
graviksiksesi
abessive
graviksettasi
graviksittasi
instructive
comitative
—graviksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
graviksemme
graviksemme
accusative
nom.
graviksemme
graviksemme
gen.
graviksemme
genitive
graviksemme
gravistemme graviksiemme
partitive
gravistamme
graviksiamme
inessive
graviksessamme
graviksissamme
elative
graviksestamme
graviksistamme
illative
gravikseemme
graviksiimme
adessive
graviksellamme
graviksillamme
ablative
gravikseltamme
graviksiltamme
allative
graviksellemme
graviksillemme
essive
graviksenamme
graviksinamme
translative
gravikseksemme
graviksiksemme
abessive
graviksettamme
graviksittamme
instructive
comitative
—graviksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
graviksenne
graviksenne
accusative
nom.
graviksenne
graviksenne
gen.
graviksenne
genitive
graviksenne
gravistenne graviksienne
partitive
gravistanne
graviksianne
inessive
graviksessanne
graviksissanne
elative
graviksestanne
graviksistanne
illative
gravikseenne
graviksiinne
adessive
graviksellanne
graviksillanne
ablative
gravikseltanne
graviksiltanne
allative
graviksellenne
graviksillenne
essive
graviksenanne
graviksinanne
translative
gravikseksenne
graviksiksenne
abessive
graviksettanne
graviksittanne
instructive
comitative
—graviksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
graviksensa
graviksensa
accusative
nom.
graviksensa
graviksensa
gen.
graviksensa
genitive
graviksensa
gravistensa graviksiensa
partitive
gravistaan gravistansa
graviksiaan graviksiansa
inessive
graviksessaan graviksessansa
graviksissaan graviksissansa
elative
graviksestaan graviksestansa
graviksistaan graviksistansa
illative
gravikseensa
graviksiinsa
adessive
graviksellaan graviksellansa
graviksillaan graviksillansa
ablative
gravikseltaan gravikseltansa
graviksiltaan graviksiltansa
allative
gravikselleen graviksellensa
graviksilleen graviksillensa
essive
graviksenaan graviksenansa
graviksinaan graviksinansa
translative
graviksekseen gravikseksensa
graviksikseen graviksiksensa
abessive
graviksettaan graviksettansa
graviksittaan graviksittansa
instructive
comitative
—graviksineen graviksinensa :

#### Derived terms

* gravisaksentti

### Further reading

* “gravis”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁa.vi/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

gravis
* inflection of gravir:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** first/second-person singular past historic
** second-person singular imperative

### Participle

gravis m pl
* masculine plural of gravi

### Anagrams

* givras

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* grevis

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gʷraus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us, an u-stem adjective regularly enlarged into the i-stem, compare brevis, dulcis, mollis, tenuis, etc. Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “heavy”), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). See also Latin brūtus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡra.u̯is/, [ˈɡräu̯ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡra.vis/, [ˈɡräːvis]

### Adjective

gravis (neuter grave, comparative gravior, superlative gravissimus, adverb graviter); third-declension two-termination adjective
* heavy
    Antonym: levis
* pregnant
* troublesome, hard
* grave, serious
* rank, unpleasant, strong (smell)

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Derived terms

* accentus gravis
* cithara gravis
* gravēdō
* gravēscō
* gravidus
* gravis onus
* gravitās
* gravitūdō
* gravō

#### Descendants

(See also grevis.)
* Italian: grave
* Old Galician-Portuguese: grave
** Portuguese: grave
* Old Spanish: grave
** Spanish: grave
* Sicilian: gravi
* Borrowings:
** → Middle French: grave (learned)
*** → English: grave
*** French: grave
** → Romanian: grav (also from French)
** → Swedish: grav

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gravis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 272

### Further reading

* “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* gravis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. healthy climate: caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas) to be seriously ill: gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari to recruit oneself after a severe illness: e gravi morbo recreari or se colligere elevated, moderate, plain style: genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21) a deep, high, thin, moderate voice: vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis) exorbitant rate of interest: fenus iniquissimum, grande, grave an important witness: testis gravis to be (seriously, mortally) wounded: vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere (ambiguous) cogent, decisive reasons: magnae (graves) necessariae causae (ambiguous) men of sound opinions: homines graves (opp. leves) (ambiguous) to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui