# 鸛

| 鸛 | U+9E1B, &#40475; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E1B |
| ← 鸚 [U+9E1A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鸜 → [U+9E1C] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鸛 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰𮥶鳥 |
| Simplified | 鹳 |

### Han character

鸛 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+18, 29 strokes, cangjie input 廿土竹日火 (TGHAF), four-corner 4722$_7$, composition ⿰雚鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1504, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47500
* Dae Jaweon: page 2034, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4670, character 22
* Unihan data for U+9E1B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觀 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 灌 | *koːns |
| 鸛 | *koːns |
| 瓘 | *koːns |
| 矔 | *koːns, *kroːns |
| 懽 | *koːns, *qʰoːn |
| 爟 | *koːns |
| 雚 | *koːns |
| 罐 | *koːns |
| 鑵 | *koːns |
| 歡 | *qʰoːn |
| 驩 | *qʰoːn |
| 貛 | *qʰoːn |
| 酄 | *qʰoːn |
| 獾 | *qʰoːn |
| 讙 | *qʰoːn, *qʰon |
| 嚾 | *qʰoːns |
| 權 | *ɡron |
| 顴 | *ɡron |
| 孉 | *ɡron |
| 蠸 | *ɡron |
| 虇 | *kʰonʔ, *kʰons |
| 勸 | *kʰons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns, “stork”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Originally written 雚.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàn (guan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^4$ / guong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^4$
*** Yale: gwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^3$
*** Yale: gun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
*** Tâi-lô: kuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kwanH
Rime :
| Character | 鸛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古玩切 |
| Baxter | kwanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷˤar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鸛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qʷˁar-s/ |
| English | heron |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鸛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4479 |
| Phonetic component | 雚 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貫 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːns/ |
| Notes | 同雚見詩經 |

### Definitions

鸛
* stork
* crane (Grus japonensis)
* Used in 鵝鸛／鹅鹳 (éguàn).

#### Synonyms

* (stork): (Hakka) 鸛鶴／鹳鹤

#### Compounds

* 白鸛 / 白鹳 (báiguàn)
* 紅鸛 / 红鹳 (hóngguàn)
* 鵝鸛 / 鹅鹳 (éguàn)
* 鸛雀 / 鹳雀 (guànquè)
* 鸛雀樓 / 鹳雀楼
* 鸛骨 / 鹳骨
* 鸛鳥 / 鹳鸟 (guànniǎo)
* 鸛鵝 / 鹳鹅 (guàn'é)
* 鸛鵲 / 鹳鹊
* 鸛鵲樓 / 鹳鹊楼
* 鸛鷤 / 鹳𫛴

### References

* “鸛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 351.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鹳”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰𮥶鳥 |
| Kyūjitai | 鸛 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿰𮥶鳥)
* stork

#### Readings

* Go-on: かん (kan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: こうのとり (kōnotori, 鸛)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鸛
* こうのとり Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 鸛 (kō, “Oriental stork”, see below) +‎ の (no, attributive particle) +‎ 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーのとり [kòónóꜜtòrì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) こーのとり [kóꜜònòtòrì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ːno̞to̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

鸛(こうのとり) or 鸛(コウノトリ) • (kōnotori)
* Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana)
    Synonym: 鸛鶴 (kōzuru)
* (by extension) any stork

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コウノトリ.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鸛
* こう Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/kopu/ → /kofu/ → /koː/

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ː]

#### Noun

鸛(こう) or 鸛(コウ) • (kō)
* Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana)
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コウ.

##### Derived terms

* 鸛鶴(こうづる) (kōzuru)
* 青嘴(アオハシ)鸛(コウ) (aohashikō, “white-bellied stork (Ciconia abdimii)”)
* 朱嘴(あかはし)鸛(こう) (akahashikō)
* 燕(エン)尾(ビ)鸛(コウ) (enbikō, “maguari stork (Ciconia maguari)”)
* 鞍嘴(クラハシ)鸛(コウ) (kurahashikō)
* 朱(シュ)嘴(バシ)鸛(コウ) (shubashikō, “white stork (Ciconia ciconia)”)
* 白襟(シロエリ)鸛(コウ) (shiroerikō, “Asian woolly-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus)”)
* 朱鷺(トキ)鸛(コウ) (tokikō)
* 鍋鸛(ナベコウ) (nabekō, “black stork (Ciconia nigra)”)
* 禿鸛(ハゲコウ) (hagekō)
* 嘴広(ハシビロ)鸛(コウ) (hashibirokō, “shoebill (Balaeniceps rex)”)

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鸛 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
* crane (Grus japonensis)
* stork (Ciconia species)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鸛: Hán Việt readings: quán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.