# 乏

| 乏 | U+4E4F, &#20047; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F |
| ← 乎 [U+4E4E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 乐 → [U+4E50] |

## Translingual
### Han character

乏 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 丿+3 in mainland China and Japanese, 5 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 4 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 竹戈弓人 (HINO), four-corner 2030$_7$, composition ⿱㇒之)

#### Derived characters

* 𠇖, 𫦧, 𠰏, 𪣇, 姂, 𡶉, 𭛦, 抸, 泛, 𤝑, 𭤱, 𣆅, 柉, 𤇮, 𦚖, 𥁔, 眨, 砭, 䍇, 𬜆, 𮎊, 𧊉, 𪥻, 𧦟, 貶(贬), 䟪, 𨥧, 𩚮, 𩶟, 𪀐, 𫸿
* 𣭛, 𬎣, 𬨵, 鴔(𫛡), 䒦, 𬐆, 窆, 覂, 𩬪, 𫣱, 㞏, 𢇫, 疺

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 133
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 34, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4E4F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 乏
* Bronze inscriptionsb01949b01950b01951Small seal scripts01204Transcribed ancient scriptsL29409
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 砭 | *prom, *proms |
| 貶 | *promʔ |
| 窆 | *proms |
| 泛 | *pʰoms, *bob |
| 姂 | *pʰoms, *bob, *kpʰob |
| 䒦 | *pʰom, *pʰoms |
| 柉 | *bom |
| 覂 | *poŋʔ |
| 眨 | *sproːb |
| 鴔 | *brub |
| 乏 | *bob |
Possibly an ideogram (指事) generated by replacing uppermost stroke of 正 (“straight; right”) with a slanted stroke 丿 — not right; lacking.
According to Shuowen, an ideogram (指事) created from reversing 正 (“straight; right”). This is more evident in the Small Seal Script form.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fá (fa$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fa̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fad$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍t / hoa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huag$^8$ / huêg$^8$ / hêg$^8$ / hag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fá
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fá
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^2$
*** Yale: fá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
*** Palladius: фа (fa)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^6$
*** Yale: faht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: fad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /aʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /aʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍t / hoa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ha̍t / hua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hat, hoat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hat̚⁴/, /huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hat̚²⁴/, /huat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hat̚¹²¹/, /huat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hat̚⁴/, /huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hat̚⁴/, /huat̚⁴/
* ha̍t - vernacular (“lacking; to be moderate”);
* hoa̍t - literary.
* Middle Chinese: bjop
Rime :
| Character | 乏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 乏 (148) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房法切 |
| Baxter | bjop |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)[o]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bob/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 乏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjop › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b](r)[o]p/ |
| English | lack (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 乏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2852 |
| Phonetic component | 乏 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 乏 |
| Old Chinese | /*bob/ |

### Definitions

乏
* to lack
    缺乏 ― quēfá ― to lack; to be short of
* poor
    貧乏／贫乏 ― pínfá ― poor
* tired
    疲乏 ― pífá ― tired
* (Hokkien) lacking; insufficient; inadequate
* (Hokkien) to be moderate; to abstain; to check; to restrict oneself (in food, usage, spending, addiction, etc.)
       Chiú tio̍h ha̍t leh lim. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Drinking alcohol should be in moderation.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 累, 乏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 累 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 累 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 累 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 累, 乏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 乏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 乏, 累 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 乏 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 累 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 累 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 累, 痿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 累 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 疚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 疚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 疚攰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 疚攰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 疓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 疓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 疚, 攰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 疚, 攰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 疚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 疚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 疚, 攰, 疓 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 疚, 攰 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 疚, 攰 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 疚算 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 累 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 疓, 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 疓 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 攰, 疓 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 攰, 累 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 攰 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 攰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 累 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𤸁, 渴 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 渴 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 悿 |
| Hakka | Changting | 累 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 累 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 累 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 累 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 悿 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 悿, 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 悿 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 悿 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 𤺪 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 渴 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 渴 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 吃力 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乏, 累 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 累 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 累, 軟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 弱 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𤺪, 厭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𤺪, 厭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𤺪, 厭 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 厭, 悿 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 悿 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 悿, 懶 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 悿, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 乏, 累 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 乏, 𤺪 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 悿 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𤺪, 累, 乏 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 乏 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 乏 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瞓 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃力, 衰瘏 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 吃力 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 吃力 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 着力, 吃力 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 㾯, 吃力 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 傫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 鶴累 |

### Compounds

* 不乏 (bùfá)
* 不乏其人 (bùfáqírén)
* 不虞匱乏 / 不虞匮乏
* 中饋乏人 / 中馈乏人
* 乏人
* 乏人問津 / 乏人问津 (fárénwènjīn)
* 乏倦
* 乏味 (fáwèi)
* 乏善可陳 / 乏善可陈 (fáshànkěchén)
* 乏困 (fákùn)
* 乏地
* 乏手
* 乏月
* 乏桶
* 乏樣子 / 乏样子
* 乏煤
* 乏用
* 乏角兒 / 乏角儿
* 乏貨 / 乏货
* 乏趣
* 乏頓 / 乏顿
* 人困馬乏 / 人困马乏 (rénkùn-mǎfá)
* 倦乏
* 分身乏術 / 分身乏术 (fēnshēnfáshù)
* 力乏兵衰
* 力困筋乏
* 勞乏 / 劳乏
* 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
* 周急繼乏 / 周急继乏
* 回天乏術 / 回天乏术
* 回生乏術 / 回生乏术
* 困乏 (kùnfá)
* 害乏
* 家道消乏
* 彈性疲乏 / 弹性疲乏
* 後繼乏人 / 后继乏人
* 後繼乏力 / 后继乏力
* 承乏 (chéngfá)
* 振貧濟乏 / 振贫济乏
* 春困秋乏
* 欲振乏力
* 歇乏
* 消乏
* 疲乏 (pífá)
* 疲乏強度 / 疲乏强度
* 空乏
* 窮乏 / 穷乏 (qióngfá)
* 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá)
* 缺乏 (quēfá)
* 謝乏 / 谢乏
* 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
* 賑窮濟乏 / 赈穷济乏
* 返魂乏術 / 返魂乏术 (fǎnhúnfáshù)
* 道乏
* 銷乏 / 销乏
* 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá)
* 養乏 / 养乏

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00032
* “乏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* poverty
* lack
* scarcity

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: とぼしい (toboshii, 乏しい, Jōyō)、ともしい (tomoshii, 乏しい)

#### Compounds

* 欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) (ketsubō, “lack, scarcity”)
* 貧(びん)乏(ぼう) (binbō, “poor, poverty”)
* 意(い)志(し)欠(けつ)乏(ぼう) (ishiketsubō, “abulia”)
* 器(き)用(よう)貧(びん)乏(ぼう) (kiyōbinbō, “jack of all trades”)
* 貧乏(まづしき) (mazushiki, “poverty”)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 乏 (MC bjop).

### Hanja

乏 (eumhun 모자랄 핍 (mojaral pip))
* hanja form of 핍 (“lack”)

#### Compounds

* 결핍 (缺乏, gyeolpip, “lack”)
* 곤핍 (困乏, gonpip, “being fatigued”)
* 궁핍 (窮乏, gungpip, “poverty, privation”)
* 빈핍 (貧乏, binpip, “poverty”)
* 절핍 (絶乏, jeolpip, “exhaustion”)
* 핍혈 (乏血, piphyeol, “hyphema”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乏

## Vietnamese
### Han character

乏: Hán Nôm readings: phạp, phạc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.