# ꜥꜣ
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1
#### Adverb

* here
* (less common) there

##### Alternative forms

| ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣy | ꜥꜣ |

##### See also
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA: /ʕaʀ/ → /ʕaʀ/ → /ʕaʔ/ → /ʕaʔ/
* (adjective): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ʕaʀ/
* (adjective): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ʕaʀ/
* (adjective): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ʕaʔ/
* (adjective): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ʕaʔ/, later dialectally IPA: /ʕoʔ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɑːʔɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: aa

#### Adjective

* perfective active participle of ꜥꜣj: big, great, important
    Synonym: wr

##### Inflection

Along with bjn and nfr, ꜥꜣ is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).

##### Alternative forms

See under the main verb.

##### Derived terms

See under the main verb.

##### Descendants

* Bohairic Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō)
* Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁ (a)
* Old Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō), ⲁ- (a-)
* Sahidic Coptic: ⲟ (o), ⲱ (ō), ⲟⲩ (ou)

#### Noun

m
* greatness; prestige and power or importance [since Middle Kingdom literature]
** c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 139–140: sḏd.j bꜣw.k n jtj dj.j sšꜣ.f m ꜥꜣ.kI will recount your ba-power to the sovereign and make him aware of your greatness.
* a great deed (done to someone)

##### Alternative forms

ꜥꜣ :

##### Derived terms

* m ꜥꜣ (“boastfully”)

#### Noun

m
* distinguished or respected person or god, great one
* older person, elder
* (in titles) leader, head (of something)

##### Alternative forms

| ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ |

##### Derived terms

* ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ
* ꜥꜣ-n-mḏw
* ꜥꜣt
* ꜥꜣ-dyw
* nꜣy.f-ꜥꜣw-rwḏ

##### Descendants

(Compounded with nj (“of”):)
* ⇒ Demotic: ꜥꜣ n
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛ- (an-)

### Etymology 3

Possibly onomatopoeic, from the animal’s cry (hee-haw).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈjaːʕaʀ/ → /ˈjaːʕaʀ/ → /ˈjaːʕə/ → /joːʕ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈjaːʕaʀ/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈjaːʕaʀ/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈjaːʕə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /joːʕ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɑːʔɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: aa

#### Noun

m
* ass, donkey

##### Alternative forms

ꜥꜣ :

##### Derived terms

* ꜥꜣt (“female donkey”)

##### Descendants

* Demotic: ꜥꜣ
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲓⲟⲩ (iou)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱ (iō), ⲉⲱ (eō), ⲓⲁⲱ (iaō)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱ (iō)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō), ⲓⲱ (iō), ⲉⲉⲓⲱ (eeiō), ⲉⲓⲟⲩ (eiou), ⲉⲱ (eō), ⲉⲟⲩ (eou), ⲓⲁⲱ (iaō)

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

m
* doorleaf, single door
* (in the dual) double door
** c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 7: wn n.k jmnt štꜣt jrww snš n.k ꜥꜣwj nwt wrtAs the hidden region, secret of forms, is opened to you, so the double doors of the Great City are unstopped for you.
* sarcophagus lid

##### Alternative forms

| ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ |

##### Derived terms

* jrj-ꜥꜣ (“door-keeper”)
* ꜥꜣwj-r (“double door”)

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

m
* column, pillar
* part of a ship: mast$^?$

##### Alternative forms

| ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ꜥꜣ |

### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 161.3–162.12, 162.18–163.7, 163.9–163.10, 164.7–165.11
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 37–38
* Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 41
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57
* ↑ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66