OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# midge
## English
### Alternative forms

* midgie, midgy, midgey (Northern England, Scotland)
* minge (US, archaic, dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle English mydge, migge, from Old English mygg, myċġ (“midge, gnat”), from Proto-West Germanic *muggju, from Proto-Germanic *mugjō, from Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“fly, midge”), *mu-, *mew-.
* Scots mige (“midge”)
* Saterland Frisian Määge (“gnat, mosquito”)
* West Frisian mich (“fly, mosquito”)
* West Flemish meezje (“midge, mosquito”)
* Dutch mug (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* German Low German Mügge (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* German Mücke (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* Swedish mygg, mygga (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* Icelandic mý (“midge, gnat, fly”)
The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of
* Latin musca
* Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa)
* Russian му́ха (múxa)
* Latvian muša
* Czech muchnička
* Albanian mizë
* Armenian մուն (mun)

### Pronunciation

* enPR: mĭj, IPA: /mɪd͡ʒ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪdʒ

### Noun

midge (plural midges)
* any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera
** 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, “A Knife in the Dark”, in The Fellowship of the Ring:"I am being eaten alive!" cried Pippin. "Midgewater! There are more midges than water!"
** 2012 January, Douglas Larson, “Runaway Devils Lake”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 23 May 2012, page 46:Devils Lake is where I began my career as a limnologist in 1964, studying the lake’s neotenic salamanders and chironomids, or midge flies. […] The Devils Lake Basin is an endorheic, or closed, basin covering about 9,800 square kilometers in northeastern North Dakota.
* (fishing) any bait or lure designed to resemble a midge

#### Derived terms

* aphid midge
* apple leaf midge
* apple midge
* barley midge
* biting midge (Ceratopogonidae)
* dung midge (Scatopsidae)
* frog-biting midge
* gall midge (Cecidomyiidae)
* mackerel midge
* meniscus midge (Dixidae)
* midge cap
* midge grass (Holcus lanatus)
* Midge Hall
* midgeling
* midge net
* midget
* midgey
* mountain midge (Deuterophlebiidae)
* net-winged midge (Blephariceridae)
* non-biting midge (Chironomidae)
* pear midge (Contarinia pyrivora)
* phantom midge (Chaoboridae)
* solitary midge (Thaumaleidae)
* sorghum midge
* swede midge
* wheat midge
* wheat-midge

#### See also

* gnat
# sellout
## English
### Alternative forms

* sell-out

### Etymology

Deverbal from sell out.

### Noun

sellout (plural sellouts)
* An action in which principles are compromised for personal gain.
** 1980 April 19, Philip Shehadi, “Bryant Program Sparks Protest”, in Gay Community News, page 3:A statement by the Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights (CLGR), which organized the protest, charged that WPIX's sale of air time to the Anita Bryant Ministries "is a sell-out of the more than one million lesbians and gay residents in the WPIX broadcast service area.
** 2005, Jesse Helms, “Foreign Relations Experiences”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir‎, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 229:When his hearing came up, the sellout of Taiwan was particularly on my mind. I asked him if he thought that Taiwan should be pressured into making an accommodation with the Communist government in Beijing. The candidate refused to answer my question.
* A person who compromises his or her principles for financial gain.
    The rock star used to be hardcore, but now he's just a sellout.
* The selling of an entire stock of something, especially tickets for an entertainment or sports event.
    The game was a sellout.
** 1994 October, Michael Bronski, “Queer and Present Danger: Gay Conservatives, Sex and the Christianization of the Gay Movement”, in Gay Community News, page 22:Mel White recalls being a high school student and seeing Billy Graham preaching before sell-out crowds at San Francisco's Cow Palace.

#### Related terms

* selldown (noun)
* sell-off (noun)

#### See also

* buyout

### Anagrams

* outsell

## Breton
### Alternative forms

* sellet
* selled (Skolveurieg)

### Etymology

From Middle Breton sellet, from Proto-Celtic *stillom (“look”), of uncertain ultimate origin.

### Verb

sellout
* (transitive) to watch
* (intransitive, + ouzh) to look at
* (transitive) to see
* (transitive) to concern
* (transitive) to consider

#### Usage notes

This verb may be used with or without the preposition ouzh:
    Emaon o sellout ouzh an tele. ― I'm watching TV.
    Emaon o sellout an tele. ― I'm watching TV.
However, when used without ouzh, the verb may take the meaning of "to see" (usually portrayed by the verb gwelet).

#### Conjugation
### References

   * Ian Press (1986) A grammar of modern Breton, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 7
# endian
## English
### Etymology

From end +‎ -ian (suffix meaning ‘one from, belonging to, like, or relating to’ forming nouns, and meaning ‘from, like, or related to’ forming adjectives), originally in the noun Big-Endian coined by the Anglo-Irish author Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) in his novel Gulliver’s Travels (1726). Swift wrote of an emperor of Lilliput who, after his son cuts his finger when opening an egg at the large end, commands his subjects to open them at the small end; those who rebel by opening their eggs at the large end are called “Big-Endians”.
The term was applied in the computing context by the Israeli-American computer scientist Danny Cohen (1937–2019) in 1980.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈɛn.di.ən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: end‧i‧an

### Adjective

endian (not comparable)
* (computing) Preceded by a qualifying word: of a computer: storing multibyte numbers with the most significant byte at a particular memory address; for example, at the smallest address (big-endian) or the largest address (little-endian). [from 1980]
    endian-neutral code
** 1984 August 25, Ian Kaplan, “Inconsistent bit addressing in the 68020: big- AND little-endian”, in net.micro.68k‎ (Usenet):In Ken Turkowski's article on the big and little endian addressing used on the 68020 he commented that Motorola's approach "proved" that a machine with consistant bit addressing (e.g., all little or big endian) was impossible. I assume that he was joking.

#### Related terms

* bi-endian
* big-endian
* ended (adj)
* endianless
* endianness
* little-endian
* middle-endian
* mixed-endian

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ [Jonathan Swift] (1726 October 28) “Mildendo, the Metropolis of Lilliput, Described, together with the Emperor’s Palace. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, pages 73–75. Swift did not use the term “Little-Endians” in the work.
* ↑ Danny Cohen (1980 April 1) “On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace”, in RFC Editor (IEN (Internet Experiment Note); 137)‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 20 November 2022:The root of the conflict lies much deeper than that. It is the question of which bit should travel first, the bit from the little end of the word, or the bit from the big end of the word? The followers of the former approach are called the Little-Endians, and the followers of the latter are called the Big-Endians.

### Further reading

* endianness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Aidenn, Andine, Dannie, Dianne, Nadine, indane, neanid

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ændian

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *andijōną (“to end”). Cognate with Old Frisian endia (“to finish”), Old Saxon endiōn (“to come to a stop”), Old High German entōn (“to end”), Old Norse enda (“to end”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈen.di.ɑn/

### Verb

endian
* to end
* to finish, complete
* to abolish, destroy
* to come to an end, cease; to die

#### Derived terms

* endung
* ġeendian
* ġeendod
* ġeendodlīċ

#### Descendants

* Middle English: enden
** English: end
** Scots: ende, end
# excorticate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin ex (“out”), from cortex, corticis (“bark”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪkˈskɔː(ɹ)tɪkeɪt/
* Audio (Southern England):noicon(file)

### Verb

excorticate (third-person singular simple present excorticates, present participle excorticating, simple past and past participle excorticated)
* (archaic or obsolete) To strip of bark, shell or skin.
    Synonyms: decorticate, delibrate
** 1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 69:Moſs is to be rubb'd and ſcrap'd off with ſome fit inſtrument of Wood, which may not excorticate the Tree, or with a piece of Hair-cloth after a ſobbing Rain: [...]
** 1821, John Knowles, An Inquiry Into the Means which Have Been Taken to Preserve the British Navy […] :The sap-wood of the excorticated winter-felled timber, kept in piles in his Majesty's yards, has rotted
** 1842, Albert Smith, “Mr. Ledbury's Adventures at Home and Abroad (Chapter II)”, in Bentley's Miscellany:His mouth was dry and parched; his hands red and swollen, and looking about the nails as if he had been excorticating millions of new walnuts.

#### Derived terms

* excortication
* unexcorticated

### References

* “excorticate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# imperar
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin imperāre. Also borrowed from English imperious, French impérieux, Italian imperioso, Spanish imperioso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /impeˈrar/

### Verb

imperar (present imperas, past imperis, future imperos, conditional imperus, imperative imperez)
* (transitive) to order, direct, enjoin, bid, command (not military)
* (transitive) to rule, have sway

#### Derived terms

* imperema (“imperious”)
* impero (“command”)
* kontreimpero (“counterorder”)

### See also

* dominacar
* guvernar
* imperio
* komandar
* regnar

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin imperāre (“command, govern”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩ.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.peˈɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.pɨˈɾa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: im‧pe‧rar

### Verb

imperar (first-person singular present impero, first-person singular preterite imperei, past participle imperado)
* (intransitive) to reign, rule

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* imperador

### Further reading

* “imperar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “imperar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “imperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “imperar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “imperar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “imperar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin imperāre (“command, govern”); Cf. the dialectal emprar and semi-learned Old Spanish emperar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /impeˈɾaɾ/ [ĩm.peˈɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: im‧pe‧rar

### Verb

imperar (first-person singular present impero, first-person singular preterite imperé, past participle imperado)
* (intransitive) to reign, rule
    Synonym: regir
* (intransitive) to prevail
* (intransitive) to be in command, be emperor

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* emperador

### Further reading

* “imperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tyst
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish thystær, from Proto-Germanic *þusiþaz. It may have been reintroduced from Norwegian Bokmål tyst and Swedish tyst in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtˢysd̥]

### Adjective

tyst
* hushed, quiet, silent

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### Adverb

tyst
* quietly, silently

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish þyster, from Proto-Germanic *þusiþaz. Cognate with Sanskrit तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇī́m, “silent”) and Russian тихий (tíxij, “quiet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʏsːt/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

tyst (comparative tystare, superlative tystast)
* quiet, silent (making or with no or little sound)
* quiet (not talking much)

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* knäpptyst
* tyst som en mus
* tysthet
* tystna
* tystnad

### Adverb

tyst (comparative tystare, superlative tystast)
* quietly; causing little or no sound

### Interjection

tyst
* quiet!; shush!; shut up!
    Synonyms: sch, hyss, håll truten

### References

* tyst in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tyst in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tyst in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* sytt

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh tyst, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨst, from Latin testis.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /tɨːsd/, [tʰɨːst]
* (South Wales) IPA: /tɪsd/, [tʰɪst]
* Rhymes: -ɨ̞sd

### Noun

tyst m (plural tystion)
* witness

#### Derived terms

* tysteb (“testimonal”)
* tystio (“to witness, to testify”)
* tystiolaeth (“evidence, testament”)
* tystlythyr (“testimonal, reference”)
* tystysgrif (“certificate”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tyst”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# facula
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin facula (“little torch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfækjʊlə/
* Audio (Southern England):noicon(file)

### Noun

facula (plural faculae)
* (astronomy) A bright spot or patch between sunspots.
** c. 1933-1934, Hugh MacDiarmid, On a Raised Beach:Glaucous, hoar, enfouldered, cyathiform, / Making mere faculae of the sun and moon […]

#### Derived terms

* facular

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* faucal

## Latin
### Etymology

Diminutive from fax (“torch”) +‎ -ula.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfa.ku.la/, [ˈfäkʊɫ̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfa.ku.la/, [ˈfäːkulä]

### Noun

facula f (genitive faculae); first declension
* small torch

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: falla (“effigy for burning, bonfire”)
* Romanian: fachie
* Romansch: facla
* → Andalusian Arabic: فَلْيَة (falya), فَلْيَا (falyā)
* Vulgar Latin: *faccula
** → Proto-West Germanic: *fakkulā (see there for further descendants)
* Vulgar Latin: *facucula
** Old Galician-Portuguese:
*** Portuguese: fagulha (“spark”), faúlha
* Vulgar Latin: *fascula (crossed with fascis (“bundle”))
** Old Galician-Portuguese: facha
*** Galician: facha, facho
*** Portuguese: facha, facho
** Old Spanish: facha
*** Spanish: hacha
* Vulgar Latin: *flaccula
** Italian: fiaccola (see there for further descendants)
** Gallo-Italic of Sicily: ciàccara f
** Romanian: flacără (“flame”)
* →? Albanian: flakë (“flame”)
* → Bulgarian: факла (fakla)
** → Romanian: faclă (or from Greek)
* → Bulgarian: факлия (faklija)
** → Romanian: făclie (or a diminutive of faclă, or from Serbo-Croatian)
* → Catalan: fàcula
* → English: facula
* → Greek: φάκλα (fákla)
** → Romanian: faclă (or from Bulgarian)
* → Hungarian: fáklya
* → Italian: facola
* → Portuguese: fácula
* → Serbo-Croatian: faklja
** → Romanian: faclă (or from Bulgarian)
*** → Polish: fakła (Podhale dialect; alternatively from German)
* → Spanish: fácula
* → Swedish: fackla

### References

* “facula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “facula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* facula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* facula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* facula in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
# þjónusta
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse þjónusta, þjónasta, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθjouːnʏsta/

### Noun

þjónusta f (genitive singular þjónustu, nominative plural þjónustur)
* (uncountable) a service
    Synonym: afgreiðsla
* (countable, dated) a maid (female servant)
    Synonym: þjónustustúlka

#### Declension
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* þénasta — borrowed from a West Germanic language
* þjónasta, þjónosta

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, made from *þewanōną, whence Old Norse þjóna.

### Noun

þjónusta f
* service
* divine service
* the eucharist

#### Derived terms

* þjónostubundinn (“bound in service or allegiance”)
* þjónostuembætti n (“divine service”)
* þjónostufolk n (“servant-folk”)
* þjónostufullr (“serviceable, ready to serve”)
* þjónostugjǫld n pl (“wages for service”)
* þjónostugørð f (“divine service”)
* þjónostukona f (“female service”)
* þjónostulauss (“without sacrament; without divine service”)
* þjónostumaðr m (“man-servant”)
* þjónostumjúkr (“officious, obliging”)
* þjónostumær f (“maid servant”)
* þjónostusamr (“ready to serve”)
* þjónostusemd f (“readiness to serve”)
* þjónostuskyldr (“in duty bound”)
* þjónostusveinn m (“page, male servant”)
* þjónostutekja f (“taking of the sacrament”)
* þjónostuverk n (“performance of service”)

#### Descendants

Also descendants of þénasta.
* Icelandic: þjónusta
* Norwegian Nynorsk: tenest, teneste
* Old Swedish: þiænist
** Swedish: tjänst c
* Danish: tjeneste c
** → Norwegian Bokmål: tjeneste m

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “þjónusta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 513; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/513 Internet Archive]
# ڤڠݢوڠ
## Malay
### Noun

ڤڠݢوڠ (plural ڤڠݢوڠ-ڤڠݢوڠ or ڤڠݢوڠ۲, informal 1st possessive ڤڠݢوڠکو, 2nd possessive ڤڠݢوڠمو, 3rd possessive ڤڠݢوڠڽ)
* Jawi spelling of panggung‎
# Kirsche
## German
### Alternative forms

* Kersche (archaic or dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle High German kirse, from Old High German kirsa, from Proto-West Germanic *kirsijā, from Late Latin ceresia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɪrʃə/, [ˈkɪɐ̯ʃə], [ˈkɪʁʃə], [ˈkɪrʃə]
** IPA: [ˈki(ː)ɐ̯ʃə] (regional, Westphalia, parts of Austria)
** IPA: [ˈkɘːʃə] (regional, including parts of Rhineland)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Kir‧sche
* Rhymes: -ɪʁʃə

### Noun

Kirsche f (genitive Kirsche, plural Kirschen)
* cherry
* (colloquial, possibly regional) a ball, especially a football
    Aus der Drehung zimmert er die Kirsche direkt unters Gebälk.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (slang) bullet

#### Usage notes

* Compounds are predominantly formed from the stem Kirsch-. In a number of words only this form is usual, but in most cases the regularised form Kirschen- is also common and standard.

#### Derived terms

* mit jemandem ist nicht gut Kirschen essen

#### Related terms

* Kirschbaum
* Kirschblüte
* Kirschernte, Kirschenernte
* Kirschgeschmack
* Kirschholz, Kirschenholz
* Kirschkern
* Kirschkuchen
* Kirschsaft, Kirschensaft
* Kirschschnaps, Kirschenschnaps
* Sauerkirsche
* Süßkirsche
* Vogelkirsche
* Weichselkirsche
* Wildkirsche
* Zierkirsche

#### Descendants

* → Estonian: kirss

### Further reading

* “Kirsche” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Kirsche” in Duden online
# acvilă
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian aquila or literary Latin aquila. Compare the inherited doublet aceră.

### Noun

acvilă f (plural acvile)
* eagle
* (heraldry) A seal or coat of arms featuring an eagle

#### Synonyms

* (bird): pajură

#### Derived terms

* acvila lui Haast
* acvilă coronată
* acvilă cruciată
* acvilă filipineză
* acvilă harpie
* acvilă imperială iberică
* acvilă porumbacă
* acvilă țipătoare
* acvilă-de-câmp
* acvilă-de-munte

#### Related terms

* aceră
* acvilidă
* acvilin

#### See also

* șerpar
* șoim
* vultur
* zgripțor

### References

* acvilă in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
# rub off
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

rub off (third-person singular simple present rubs off, present participle rubbing off, simple past and past participle rubbed off)
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rub,‎ off.
* To clean by rubbing.
    Coordinate term: rub out
** 1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:He was wet through with the dew and quite earthy from diving into the burrows the Boy had made for him in the flower bed, and Nana grumbled as she rubbed him off with a corner of her apron.
* (intransitive, idiomatic) To be transferred with little or no effort.
    I hoped that, if I hung out with the popular kids, some of their charisma might rub off on me.
** 2022 September 27, Barclay Bram, “My Therapist, the Robot”, in The New York Times‎:Over time, I noticed various exercises I did with Woebot rubbing off in my daily life. Woebot taught me how to set SMART goals — specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-limited.

#### Derived terms

* rub-off (noun)
* ruboff (noun)
* rub one off
* rub oneself off

#### Related terms

* rub down

#### See also

* affect
* impact
* influence

### Anagrams

* Boruff