# 轍

| 轍 | U+8F4D, &#36685; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F4D |
| ← 轌 [U+8F4C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 轎 → [U+8F4E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

轍 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+11 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 車+12 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 19 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 十十卜月大 (JJYBK), four-corner 5804$_0$, composition ⿲車育攵)

#### Related characters

* 徹 撤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1248, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38524
* Dae Jaweon: page 1727, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3557, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8F4D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 徹 | *tʰed |
| 撤 | *tʰed, *ded |
| 澈 | *ded |
| 轍 | *ded |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ded) : semantic 車 (“wagon”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) – wagon tracks.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhé, chè (zhe$^2$, che$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˊ, ㄔㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cit$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tia̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiêg$^4$ / tiag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsheq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
*** Wade–Giles: chê$^2$
*** Yale: jé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
*** Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhér
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhér
*** Wade–Giles: chê$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jér
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer'l
*** Palladius: чжэр (čžɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤɻ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chè
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^4$
*** Yale: chè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cit$^3$
*** Yale: chit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛt̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tiêg$^4$ / tiag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiek / thiak
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiek̚²/, /tʰiak̚²/
* tiêg4 - Chaozhou;
* tiag4 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: drjet
Rime :
| Character | 轍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直列切 |
| Baxter | drjet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ded/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 轍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ret/ |
| English | wheel-track |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 轍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1323 |
| Phonetic component | 徹 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 轍 |
| Old Chinese | /*ded/ |

### Definitions

轍
* wagon ruts; wheel tracks
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Xià shì qí zhé, dēng shì ér wàng zhī. [Pinyin]
    He got down from the chariot to examine the enemy's wheel-tracks, then mounted the arm-rest of the chariot to look afar.
* path
* way; method
    沒轍／没辙 ― méizhé ― have no recourse
    From: 1957, Lao She, Teahouse
    Wǒ xièxie nín! Wǒ zhèr zhèng méiyǒu zhé ne! [Pinyin]
    Thank you! I was just worrying about having no way to do this!
* rhyme
    合轍／合辙 ― hézhé ― in rhyme

#### Usage notes

Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation chè.

### Compounds

* 一轍 / 一辙
* 北轍南轅 / 北辙南辕
* 十三轍 / 十三辙
* 千岐萬轍 / 千岐万辙
* 南轅北轍 / 南辕北辙 (nányuánběizhé)
* 合轍 / 合辙 (hézhé)
* 合轍押韻 / 合辙押韵
* 如出一轍 / 如出一辙 (rúchūyīzhé)
* 復蹈其轍 / 复蹈其辙
* 復蹈前轍 / 复蹈前辙
* 找轍 / 找辙
* 攀車臥轍 / 攀车卧辙
* 攀轅臥轍 / 攀辕卧辙
* 改弦易轍 / 改弦易辙 (gǎixiányìzhé)
* 改轅易轍 / 改辕易辙
* 改轍 / 改辙
* 故轍 / 故辙
* 易轍 / 易辙
* 更弦易轍 / 更弦易辙
* 枯魚涸轍 / 枯鱼涸辙
* 沒轍 / 没辙 (méizhé)
* 流口轍 / 流口辙
* 涸轍之枯 / 涸辙之枯
* 涸轍之魚 / 涸辙之鱼
* 涸轍之鮒 / 涸辙之鲋 (hézhézhīfù)
* 涸轍枯魚 / 涸辙枯鱼
* 涸轍窮魚 / 涸辙穷鱼
* 涸轍窮鱗 / 涸辙穷鳞
* 滾車轍的 / 滚车辙的
* 濡沫涸轍 / 濡沫涸辙
* 熟路輕轍 / 熟路轻辙
* 若出一轍 / 若出一辙
* 覆車之轍 / 覆车之辙
* 覆轍 / 覆辙 (fùzhé)
* 覆轍重蹈 / 覆辙重蹈
* 跑轍 / 跑辙
* 車轍 / 车辙 (chēzhé)
* 車轍馬跡 / 车辙马迹
* 軌轍 / 轨辙
* 轉轍 / 转辙
* 轉轍器 / 转辙器
* 轍亂旗靡 / 辙乱旗靡 (zhéluànqímǐ)
* 轍兒 / 辙儿
* 轍環天下 / 辙环天下
* 轍跡 / 辙迹
* 轍鮒 / 辙鲋
* 轍鮒之急 / 辙鲋之急
* 重蹈覆轍 / 重蹈覆辙 (chóngdǎofùzhé)
* 離轍 / 离辙

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: でち (dechi)
* Kan-on: てつ (tetsu)
* Kun: わだち (wadachi, 轍)

#### Compounds

* 轍(てつ)魚(ぎょ) (tetsugyo)
* 轍(てっ)叉(さ) (tessa)
* 轍(てっ)鮒(ぷ) (teppu)
* 軌(き)轍(てつ) (kitetsu)
* 故(こ)轍(てつ) (kotetsu)
* 車(しゃ)轍(てつ) (shatetsu)
* 前(ぜん)轍(てつ) (zentetsu)
* 同(どう)轍(てつ) (dōtetsu)
* 途(と)轍(てつ) (totetsu)
* 覆(ふく)轍(てつ) (fukutetsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 轍
* わだち Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 輪 (wa, “wheel”) +‎ 立ち (tachi, “standing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 立つ tatsu, “to stand”, here in reference to the shape of the rut left standing after the passage of the wheel). The tachi changes to dachi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わだち [wàdáchí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [β̞a̠da̠t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

轍(わだち) • (wadachi)
* a wheel furrow, track, or rut
** 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
    雨(あめ)上(あ)がりの道(みち)に轍(わだち)ができる
       ameagari no michi ni wadachi ga dekiru
       The path after the rain has some ruts

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 轍
* てつ Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 轍 (MC drjet, “wagon rut, wheel track”). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading tia̍t.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てつ [téꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [te̞t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

轍(てつ) • (tetsu)
* a wheel furrow, track, or rut
* another person's mistake, a prior example (generally negative)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

轍 • (cheol) (hangeul 철, revised cheol, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏl, Yale chel)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

轍: Hán Nôm readings: triệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.