OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# श्वस्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শ্বস্ (Assamese script)
* ᬰ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
* শ্বস্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၐွသ် (Burmese script)
* શ્વસ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼੍ਵਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦯ꧀ꦮꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಶ್ವಸ್ (Kannada script)
* ឝ្វស៑ (Khmer script)
* ຨ຺ວສ຺ (Lao script)
* ശ്വസ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠣᠸᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠱᢦᠰ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଶ୍ଵସ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢯ꣄ꢮꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ශ‍්වස් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஶ்வஸ் (Tamil script)
* శ్వస్ (Telugu script)
* ศฺวสฺ (Thai script)
* ཤྭ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to pant, puff, sigh”). Cognate with Old Norse hvæsa (“to hiss”), English wheeze, and Latin queror (“to complain”), whence English quarrel.

#### Alternative forms

* शुष् (śuṣ)

#### Root

श्वस् • (śvas)
* to blow, hiss, pant, snort
* to breathe, respire, draw breath
* to live
* to sigh, groan
* to strike, kill

##### Derived terms

* उच्छ्वस् (ucchvas)
* विश्वस् (viśvas)
* विश्वास (viśvāsa)
* शुष्म (śuṣma)
* शुष्मन् (śuṣman)
* श्वसथ (śvasatha)
* श्वसन (śvasana)
* श्वसित (śvasita)
* श्वास (śvāsa)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwás (“morning, next morning”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to shine”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨 (sūrəm, “in the morning”), Ossetian сӕумӕ (sæwmæ, “in the morning”), Khotanese [script needed] (svī, “morning”). See also शोच् (śoc), शोध् (śodh), शोभ् (śobh).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕʋɐ́s/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕʋɐs̪/

#### Adverb

श्वस् • (śvás)
* tomorrow
* in the future

##### Derived terms

* परश्वस् (paraśvas, “day after tomorrow”)

##### Descendants

* Pali: sve
* Sinhalese: හෙට (heṭa), සෙට (seṭa)
* → Hindi: श्वः (śvaḥ)

#### Particle

श्वस् • (śvás)
* a particle implying auspiciousness

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “श्वस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1105/3, 1106/1.

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 677
* ↑ Studies in Historical Linguistics in Honor of George Sherman Lane: Festschrift for George S. Lane. (2020). United States: University of North Carolina Press, p. 9
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 676-7
# 鮢鱖
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chu-kòe / chu-kè
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-kòe
*** Tâi-lô: tsu-kuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zu'koex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-kè
*** Tâi-lô: tsu-kè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zu'kex
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/

### Noun

鮢鱖
* (～魚) (chiefly southern Taiwanese Hokkien) grouper (fish from the family, Epinephelinae)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 石斑魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 石斑魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 石斑魚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 石斑 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 石斑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 石斑 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 石斑仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 石斑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 石斑仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 石斑 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 石斑魚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 石斑, 鱖魚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 石斑, 鱖仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 石斑, 鮢鱖仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 石斑, 鱖仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鱠鯸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 猴魚, 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 石斑魚, 石斑 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 赤毛狗魚 |

#### Compounds

* 鮢鱖仔 / 鮢鳜仔
* 鮢鱖魚 / 鮢鳜鱼

#### Related terms

* 鱖仔 / 鳜仔
* 鱖魚 / 鳜鱼 (guìyú)
# Sovyet
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سوویت (Sovyet), from Russian сове́т (sovét).

### Adjective

Sovyet
* Soviet

#### Derived terms

* Sovyet Rusya
* Sovyetler Birliği
# Mais
## English
### Etymology

* As an English surname (Durham), variant of Mayes.
* As a German surname, from the obsolete Middle High German meiz (“cleared land”).

### Proper noun

Mais
* A surname.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɪ̯s/
* Rhymes: -aɪ̯s
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi.

#### Noun

Mais m (strong, genitive Maises or Mais, no plural)
* maize; corn (US)
    Synonyms: (Austria) Kukuruz, (archaic) türkischer Weizen, (archaic) türkisch Korn, (dated) Welschkorn

##### Usage notes

* In German-speaking Europe, maize is commonest as a fodder crop. In cuisine, it is generally regarded and used as a vegetable. Referring to it as a Getreide (“cereal”) may strike non-specialist German-speakers as unusual or wrong (though it is, of course, biologically correct).

##### Hyponyms

* Genmais
* Hartmais
* Puffmais
* Spelzmais
* Stärkemais
* Wachsmais
* Zahnmais
* Zuckermais

##### Derived terms

* Maisbeulenbrand
* Maisgrieß
* Maisrost

##### Descendants

* → Kashubian: majs

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

Mais
* genitive singular of Mai

### Further reading

* “Mais” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Mais” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Mais” in Duden online
* Mais on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Spanish maíz

### Noun

Mais m (uncountable)
* maize, sweetcorn
    Synonym: Tierkesche Weess
# arogansiya
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* arogansya — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish arrogancia, from Latin arrogantia.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaɾoˈɡansia/ [ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.ʃɐ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔaɾoˈɡansia/ [ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.sjɐ]
* Rhymes: -ansia
* Syllabification: a‧ro‧gan‧si‧ya

### Noun

arogánsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜄᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)
* arrogance
    Synonyms: kahambungan, kayabangan

#### Related terms

* arogante

### Further reading

* “arogansiya”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
# 짖다
## Korean
### Etymology

First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 즞다〮 (Yale: cùc-tá).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕit̚t͈a̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [짇따]

### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 짖다 (jitda) |
| Causative | 짖기다 (jitgida) |
짖다 • (jitda) (infinitive 짖어, sequential 짖으니)
* (intransitive) to bark, to howl, to roar
* (intransitive) to caw, to croak

#### Derived terms

* 꾸짖다 (kkujitda)
* 부르짖다 (bureujitda)
* 우짖다 (ujitda)
* 울부짖다 (ulbujitda)
* 지저귀다 (jijeogwida)
# முதல்
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* மொத (mota)

### Etymology

Cognate with Malayalam മുതൽ (mutal), Telugu మొదలు (modalu), Kannada ಮೊದಲು (modalu), Kolami मॊदल् (modal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mʊd̪ɐl/

### Adjective

முதல் • (mutal)
* first
    Synonym: ஒன்றாம் (oṉṟām)
* primary

### Noun

முதல் • (mutal)
* beginning, start
    Synonyms: ஆரம்பம் (ārampam), துவக்கம் (tuvakkam), தொடக்கம் (toṭakkam), ஆதி (āti)
* cause, reason
    Synonym: காரணம் (kāraṇam)
* investment

#### Derived terms

* முதன்மை (mutaṉmai)

#### Descendants

* → Sinhalese: මුදල (mudala)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “முதல்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# 突發
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tūfā, túfā
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄈㄚ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄈㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dat$^6$ faat$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-hoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dug$^8$ huag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tūfā
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄈㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tufa
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$-fa$^1$
*** Yale: tū-fā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tufa
*** Palladius: туфа (tufa)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: túfā
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄈㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: túfa
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$-fa$^1$
*** Yale: tú-fā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twufa
*** Palladius: туфа (tufa)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵ fä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^6$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: daht faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^9$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^6$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚² faːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudhoad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² huat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dug$^8$ huag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k huak
*** Sinological IPA : /tuk̚⁴⁻² huak̚²/

### Verb

突發
* to burst out suddenly; to occur suddenly
    突發新聞／突发新闻 ― tūfā xīnwén ― breaking news

#### Derived terms

* 突發奇想 / 突发奇想 (tūfāqíxiǎng)
* 突發性 / 突发性 (tūfāxìng)
* 突發新聞 / 突发新闻 (tūfā xīnwén)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 突 | 發 |

### Noun

突發 • (dolbal) (hangeul 돌발)
* hanja form of 돌발 (“accident; unforeseen incident”)

#### Derived terms

* 돌발사 (突發死, dolbalsa)
* 돌발성 (突發性, dolbalseong)
* 돌발적 (突發的, dolbaljeok)
* 돌발피진 (突發皮疹, dolbalpijin)
* 돌발하다 (突發—, dolbalhada)
# sibol
## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /siˈbol/ [sɪˈbol]
* Rhymes: -ol
* Syllabification: si‧bol

#### Noun

siból (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔)
* sprouting; germination (of seeds)
    Synonyms: tubo, pagtubo
* new growth or sprout (from a bud, root stock, germinating seed, etc.)
    Synonyms: suloy, supang, tubo
* (pathology) eruption of rashes (on one's skin)
    Synonyms: singaw, pagsingaw
* (pathology) rash or any eruption on the skin
    Synonyms: singaw, bukal
* (figurative) natural growth or development (as of love for someone)
    Synonyms: bukal, pagbukal
* (figurative) naturalness; inherency
    Synonym: pagkakatutubo

##### Derived terms

* kasibulan
* magpasibol
* masibol
* pagsibol
* sibulan
* sumibol
* tagsibol

#### Adjective

siból (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔)
* natural; inherent
    Synonyms: likas, katutubo
* native; indigenous
    Synonyms: katutubo, taal, lehitimo

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsibol/ [ˈsiː.bol]
* Rhymes: -ibol
* Syllabification: si‧bol

#### Noun

sibol (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔)
* liquid measure of capacity, usually made of a bamboo length
* healthy growth (of a young man)
    Synonyms: kasibulan, kabulasan, bulas

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* sibul

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /siˈbol/ [sɪˈbol]
* Rhymes: -ol
* Syllabification: si‧bol

#### Noun

siból (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔)
* spring of fresh water
    Synonyms: batis, bukal, balong, saluysoy
# sikwat
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sikˈwat/ [sɪkˈwat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: sik‧wat

### Adjective

sikwát (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜏᜆ᜔)
* (informal) stolen; pilfered
    Synonyms: nakaw, umit, ninakaw, inumit

### Noun

sikwát (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜏᜆ᜔)
* lifting of the side of something with a lever
    Synonyms: tikwas, pagtikwas
* sudden stab (with a knife)
* (informal) something stolen
    Synonyms: nakaw, umit, ninakaw, inumit
* (informal) stealing; pilfering
    Synonyms: pagnanakaw, pag-umit

#### Derived terms

* dekwat
* pagsikwat
* sikwatan
* sikwatin

### Further reading

* “sikwat”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* tikwas
# saserdote
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sacerdote, from Latin sacerdōtem.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saseɾˈdote/ [sɐ.sɛɾˈd̪oː.t̪ɛ]
* Rhymes: -ote
* Syllabification: sa‧ser‧do‧te

### Noun

saserdote (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜆᜒ)
* cleric; clergyperson; priest
    Synonyms: pari, kura, dibino, among, pastor, ministro

#### Related terms

* konsagra
* konsagrado
* konsagrasyon
* Sagrada Pamilya
* sagrado
* Sagrado Corazon
* sagraryo
* sakramental
* sakramento
* sakrilego
* sakrilehiyo
* sakripisyo
* sakristan
* sakristan mayor
* sakristiya
* sakrosanto
* saserdosyo
* saserdotal

### Further reading

* “saserdote”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “saserdote”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# ლირბი
## Old Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian լիրբ (lirb). Doublet of ლირფი (lirpi), borrowed later.

### Adjective

ლირბი • (lirbi)
* impudent, brazen

#### Derived terms

* ლირწი (lirc̣i)
* ლირბად (lirbad)
* ლირბობაჲ (lirbobay)
* ლირბებაჲ (lirbebay)
* სილირბეჲ (silirbey)

### References

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “ლირბი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 209a
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “լիրբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 287a
* Sardshweladse, Surab, Fähnrich, Heinz (2005) “ლირბი”, in Altgeorgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch (Handbook of Oriental Studies; VIII.12), with the collaboration of Irine Melikishvili and Sopio Sardshweladse, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 591b
* Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 52
# fiddler
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English fithelere, from Old English fiþelere, from *fiþele. By surface analysis, fiddle +‎ -er.
(capstan-house): So called because the fiddle would sometimes be played to cheer the sailors working there.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɪdələ(ɹ)/, /ˈfɪdlə(ɹ)/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fiddler (plural fiddlers)
* One who plays the fiddle.
* One who fiddles; a cheat.
** 2005, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, The drama of my life (in The Independent online, )
    We were the self-controlled, cautious, nifty merchants, decorous fiddlers of accounts, hoarders of wealth, excellent bribers, family and community creatures governed by manners.
* One who fiddles or tweaks.
** 2012, Fiorenza Belussi, Udo Hermann Staber, Managing Networks of Creativity, page 92:The community of radio amateurs—trespassing fiddlers on the cutting edge of technological possibilities—prefigured the geek community that was to inhabit Silicon Valley 50 years later.
* A burrowing crab of the genus Gelasimus, of many species. The male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle.
* The common European sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos); so called because it habitually wags its tail up and down resembling the back and forth movement of a fiddler.
* A large species of cicada, Macrotristria angularis, of eastern Australia; cherry nose.
* (UK, slang, obsolete) A coin of little value: a sixpence or a farthing.
* (nautical, slang) The capstan-house on a steamer.
** 1877, Official Guide and Album of the Cunard Steamship Company, page 95:Whereupon you shake hands with him […] and make room for him by your side in the "Fiddler," when the pleasant time of night is come, and the stewardess is tucking up the ladies, and putting oranges and other goodies under their pillows, and the menfolk assemble in the capstan house to smoke their last cigar.

#### Synonyms

* fiddlist, fiddleist (both dated)

#### Derived terms

* bass fiddler
* bull fiddler
* drunk as a fiddler
* fiddler crab
* Fiddler on the Roof
* Fiddler's Ferry
* Hardanger fiddler
* kiddy fiddler
* pay the fiddler

#### References

* (capstan-house): John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

### Anagrams

* Friddle
# कठ्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কঠ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬞ᭄ (Balinese script)
* কঠ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰙𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀞𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ကဌ် (Burmese script)
* કઠ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਠ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌠𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦜ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂘𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಠ್ (Kannada script)
* កឋ៑ (Khmer script)
* ກຐ຺ (Lao script)
* കഠ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᡱ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘙𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢍ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑦹𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐛𑑂 (Newa script)
* କଠ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢝ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆜𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖙𑖿 (Siddham script)
* කඨ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩧 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚕𑚶 (Takri script)
* கட்² (Tamil script)
* కఠ్ (Telugu script)
* กฐฺ (Thai script)
* ཀ་ཋ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒚𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨕𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐʈʰ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kɐʈʰ/

### Root

कठ् • (kaṭh)
* to live in distress

#### Derived terms

* कठ (kaṭha)
* कठिन (kaṭhina)
* कठोर (kaṭhora)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कठ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 244.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 50
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 144
# Mist
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German mist, from Old High German mist, from Proto-West Germanic *mistu. Cognate with Dutch mest, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (maihstus).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɪst/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪst

### Noun

Mist m (strong, genitive Mistes or Mists, no plural)
* manure (domestic animals’ excrement mixed with hay)
** 2003, Franz Eugen Schlachter, Die Bibel (“Schlachter 2000”), Genfer Bibelgesellschaft, 4 Mose 19:5:
    und die junge Kuh soll er vor seinen Augen verbrennen lassen; ihre Haut und ihr Fleisch, dazu ihr Blut samt ihrem Mist soll man verbrennen.and the young cow should be burnt before his eyes; one should burn its skin and its flesh, as well as its blood with its dung.
* (colloquial) crap, bullshit
* (Austria) rubbish, garbage, waste

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* ausmisten
* Mistbeet
* misten
* Mistgabel
* Mistgeruch
* Misthaufen
* mistig
* Mistkäfer
* Mistkerl
* Miststück
* Mistvieh

#### Related terms

* Mistwetter (relation may be secondary)

### Interjection

Mist
* crap! darn! (expresses mild annoyance)
    Synonym: Shit

### Further reading

* “Mist” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Mist” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Mist (Dung, Duenger, Dreck, Sache)” in Duden online
* “Mist” in Duden online
* “Mist” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* Mist on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miʃt/

### Noun

Mist m
* manure

#### Derived terms

* Mistgawel
* Mistkefert

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse Mist, from mistr (“cloud”).

### Proper noun

Mist f (proper noun, genitive singular Mistar)
* a female given name
# aksiyon
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* aksyon

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish acción.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ak‧si‧yon
* IPA: /ʔaksiˈjon/ [ʔɐkˈs̪jon̪]

### Noun

aksiyón
* action; movement
* (finance) share

### Verb

aksiyón
* to take action; to make a move

#### Related terms

* aksiyonista
* akta
* aktibidades
* aktibismo
* aktibista
* aktibo
* aktitud
* akto
* aktor
* aktris

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːksɪˈjoːn/

### Noun

aksiyon f
* action

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* aksyon — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish acción, from Latin āctiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaksiˈon/ [ʔɐkˈʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔaksiˈon/ [ʔɐkˈsjon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: ak‧si‧yon

### Noun

aksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* action; motion; movement
    Synonyms: kilos, galaw, kibo, mobimyento, mosyon, gawa
* actual acting (in a play)
    Synonyms: pagganap, gawa, arte, akto
* decision (on a case, appointment, proposition, etc.)
    Synonyms: pasiya, desisyon, patibay
* (finance) share; stock (in a company, business, etc.)
    Synonyms: sapi, anib, istak, sosyo
* attitude
    Synonyms: ugali, asal, gawi, asta, aktitud
* effect; reaction
    Synonyms: epekto, reaksiyon

#### Derived terms

* aksiyunan
* pag-aksiyon
* pamilihan ng aksiyon
* umaksiyon

#### Related terms

* adyenda
* ahenda
* ahensiya
* ahensiya-de-empenyo
* ahente
* ahilidad
* ahitador
* ahitasyon
* aksiyonista
* akta
* aktiba
* aktibado
* aktibasyon
* aktibidad
* aktibidades
* aktibismo
* aktibista
* aktibo
* akting
* aktitud
* akto
* aktor
* aktris
* aktuwal
* aktuwali
* aktuwalidad
* aktuwaryo
* aktuwasyon
* bos-aktiba
* inaksiyon
* inaktibo
* inter-aksiyon
* papel de ahensiya
* reaksiyon
* reaksiyonaryo
* reaktibasyon
* reaktibidad
* reaktibo
* retroaktibo

#### See also

* hakbang
* sikap

### Further reading

* “aksiyon”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 6

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آقسیون (aksiyon), from French action.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak.s(i).jon/

### Noun

aksiyon (definite accusative aksiyonu, plural aksiyonlar)
* action

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “آقسیون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 28
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aksiyon”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# എങ്ങ്
## Malayalam
### Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Cognate with Tamil எங்கு (eṅku).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eŋŋɨ̆/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

എങ്ങ് • (eṅṅŭ)
* (interrogative) where
    Synonym: എവിടെ (eviṭe)

#### Derived terms

* എങ്ങും (eṅṅuṁ)