OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# طوغری
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* دوغری (doğru)
* տօղրը (doğrı), տօղրու (doğru) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *togru (“straight; right; true”); cognate with Azerbaijani doğru, Kyrgyz туура (tuura), Turkmen dogry and Uzbek toʻgʻri.

### Adjective

طوغری • (doğrı, doğru)
* straight, not crooked, curly, or bent, having a constant direction throughout its length
    Synonyms: راست (râst), مستقیم (müstekim)
* upright, vertical, erect, standing, pointing, or moving straight up or down
* level, having the same height at all places; parallel to a flat ground
    Synonyms: دوز (düz), سوی (seviy)
* true, conforming to the actual state of reality or fact, factually correct
    Synonyms: حقیقی (hakikî), كرچك (gerçek)
* true, right, correct, accurate, free from errors or mistakes, complying with correctness
    Synonym: راست (râst)

#### Derived terms

* طوغریجه (doğruca, “pretty straight or true”)
* طوغریدن طوغری‌یه (doğrudan doğruya, “directly”)
* طوغریلامق (doğrulamak, “to correct”)
* طوغریلق (doğruluk, “straightness”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: doğru
* → Moroccan Arabic: دغري (duḡri)
* → North Levantine Arabic: دغري (diḡri)
* → South Levantine Arabic: دغري (duḡri)
* → Hebrew: דוגרי (duḡri)

### Noun

طوغری • (doğru)
* truth, true facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality
* right, that which complies with justice, law or reason

### Interjection

طوغری • (doğru)
* true!

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “doğru”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1258
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوغری”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 818
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Verus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1743
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “doğru”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوغری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1257
# ariw
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧riw
* IPA: /ˈʔaɾiw/ [ˈʔa.ɾiʊ̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ariw
* soot

#### Derived terms

* mag-ariw
# كلاه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian کلاه (kulâh, “hat; crown”).

### Noun

كلاه • (külah)
* pileus, a conical hat made of felt and worn by men
    Synonym: بورك (börk)
* any ornamental headwear, such as a crown, tiara, diadem or mitra
* the wind cover of a hookah, which prevents the wind from increasing the burn rate
* (figuratively) deceit, ruse, trick, intrigue, machination
    Synonyms: اویون (oyun), طولاب (dolab)

#### Derived terms

* اشكجی كلاهی (eşekci külahı, “donkey driver's hat”)
* تاتار كلاه (tatar külah, “Tatar's conical cap”)
* كلاه قاپمق (külah kapmak, “to snatch a cap”)
* كلاه گیدرمك (külah giydirmek, “to make a special hat”)
* كلاه‌جی (külahcı, “maker or seller of conical hats”)
* كلاه‌دار (külahdar, “crowned sovereign”)
* كلاه‌لو (külahlı, “wearing a conical hat”)
* مولوی کلاه (mevlevi külah, “conical hat of a dervish”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: külah
* → Armenian: քյուլախ (kʻyulax)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “külah”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2887
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كلاه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1033
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pileus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1300
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كلاه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3993
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “külah”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كلاه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1563
# ụa
## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* ùghà (Ọ̀wọ̀)
* ùwà (Oǹdó)

### Etymology 1

Probably ultimately from Edo ùghà or of a Proto-Edekiri origin

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ̀.à/

#### Noun

ụ̀à
* (Ekiti) palace, royal courtyard, particularly the royal courtyards of the àọ̀fịn of the Déjì of Àkúrẹ́
    Èmi lọmọ a mú ogójì abẹ̀bẹ̀ yụ́àI am the one that takes forty fans to the royal courtyard (royal oríkì from the town of Ìlárá-Mọ̀kín)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ̀.à/

#### Noun

ụ̀à
* (Ekiti) crowd, gathering
* (Ekiti) party, celebration
    Synonyms: ayẹyẹ, àjọyọ̀

##### Derived terms

* Fákụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "Ifa has brought celebration"”)
* Olúkụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "The Lord has brought celebration"”)
* Ọlọ́fị́nkụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "Ọlọ́fịn has brought celebration"”)
* Ọ̀ṣákụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "Ọ̀rị̀ṣà has brought celebration"”)
* Ọ̀ṣúnkụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "Osun has brought celebration"”)
* Ògúnkụ́àdé (“Yoruba name meaning "Ogun has brought celebration"”)

### Etymology 3

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruba *ʊ-ghá, ultimately from Proto-Edekiri *ʊ-ghá. The term is also related to the word for rib in many Yoruboid dialects, see ùwá in Ijebu and ìghághè in Oǹdó

#### Alternative forms

* ọ̀wá
* ìghá, ùghá (Oǹdó)
* ùwá (Ìjẹ̀bú)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ̀.á/

#### Noun

ụ̀á
* (Ekiti) midrib or back of a palm leaf

##### Related terms

* òrìò, mọ̀rìò, màrìwò
* ụmọ̀, èkù
# llynges
## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh llyghes, from Proto-Celtic *longestā, a derivative of *longā (whence also llong). Cognate to Irish loingeas.
Synchronically analyzable as llong (“ship”) +‎ -es (“collective suffix”).

### Noun

llynges f (plural llyngesau)
* navy, fleet

#### Derived terms

* arflynges f (“armada”)
* llynges fasnach f (“merchant marine”)
* Llynges Frenhinol f (“Royal Navy”)
* llyngesol (“naval”, adjective)
* llyngesydd m (“admiral”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llynges”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# jedlička
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɛdlɪt͡ʃka]

### Noun

jedlička f
* diminutive of jedle

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “jedlička”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “jedlička”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# بازنشستگی
## Persian
### Etymology

From بازنشسته (bâznešaste, “retired”) +‎ ـگی (-gi).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bɑːz.ni.ʃas.ta.ɡiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːz.nɪ.ʃäs.t̪ʰä.ɡiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑːz.nɪ.ʃäs.t̪ʰä.ɡiː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɑːz.nɪ.ʃäs.t̪ʰä.ɡiː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bɔːz.ni.ʃäs.t̪ʰä.ɡi]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bɒːz.ne.ʃæst̪e.ɡʲiː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bɔz.ni.ʃäs.t̪ʰä.ɡi]

### Noun

بازنِشَستِگی • (bâznešastegi)
* retirement

#### Derived terms

* بازنشسته شدن (bâznešastegi šodan, “to retire”)
* بازنشسته کردن (bâznešastegi kardan, “to retire”)
# nonaoxide
## English
### Etymology

From nona- +‎ oxide.

### Noun

nonaoxide (plural nonaoxides)
* (inorganic chemistry) Any oxide containing nine atoms of oxygen

#### Synonyms

* nonoxide

#### Derived terms

* tetraiodine nonaoxide
* tetraphosphorus nonaoxide
* tetrauranium nonaoxide
* trimolybdenum nonaoxide
* tritungsten nonaoxide

### Anagrams

* dioxanone
# woodcreeper
## English
### Etymology

From wood +‎ creeper.

### Noun

woodcreeper (plural woodcreepers)
* Any of many neotropical passerine birds of the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae.

#### Hypernyms

* ovenbird, furnariid

#### Hyponyms

* brown-billed scythebill
* red-billed woodcreeper

#### See also

* treecreeper
* wallcreeper
# kultelo
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian coltello, Spanish cuchillo, ultimately from Latin cultellus (“little knife”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kul.ˈte.lo/, /kul.ˈtɛ.lɔ/

### Noun

kultelo (plural kulteli)
* knife

#### Derived terms

* hakokultelo
* kultelala
* kultelego (“cutlass”)
* kulteleto (“small knife, pocket knife”)
* kultelisto
* kulteluyo (“sheath”)
* paperokultelo (“paperknife”)
# 충

| 충 | U+CDA9, &#52649; HANGUL SYLLABLE CUNG |
| Composition: | ㅊ + ㅜ + ㅇ |
| ← 춨 [U+CDA8] | Hangul Syllables | 춪 → [U+CDAA] |
추축춖춗춘춙춚 춛출춝춞춟춠춡 춢춣춤춥춦춧춨 충춪춫춬춭춮춯 :
| 쵸 ← | → 춰 |

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰuŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [충]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 蟲 (“insect, bug”).

#### Noun

충 • (chung) (hanja 蟲)
* (formal or dialectal) bug, insect
    Synonym: 벌레 (beolle)
* roundworm
    Synonym: 회충(蛔蟲) (hoechung)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 蟲 for Sino-Korean compounds of 충 (蟲, chung).

#### Suffix

—충 • (-chung) (hanja 蟲)
* (slang, derogatory, neologism) Used to form derogatory words for groups of people [From c. 2010]

##### Derived terms

* 급식충 (geupsikchung, “annoying teenagers”, literally “school meal-worm”)
* 똥꼬충 (ttongkkochung, “homosexual man”, literally “anus-worm”)
* 맘충 (mamchung, “Karen; annoying middle-aged women”, literally “Mom-worm”)
* 일베충 (ilbechung, “extreme far-right person”, literally “Ilbe-worm”)
* 진지충 (jinjichung, “killjoy”, literally “seriousness-worm”)
* 틀딱충 (teulttakchung, “annoying old people”, literally “denture-clack-worm”)
* 한남충 (hannamchung, “annoying males”, literally “Korean-men-worm”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 忠.

#### Noun

충 • (chung) (hanja 忠)
* (formal, especially philosophy) loyalty; allegiance
    Synonym: 충성(忠誠) (chungseong)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 忠 for Sino-Korean compounds of 충 (忠, chung).

### Etymology 3

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

충 • (chung)
* 充:
    (MC reading: 充 (MC tsyhuwng))
* 忠:
    (MC reading: 忠 (MC trjuwng))
* 蟲:
    (MC reading: 蟲 (MC drjuwng|drjuwngH))
* 衝:
    (MC reading: 衝 (MC tsyhowng))
* 珫:
    (MC reading: 珫 (MC tsyhuwng))
* 沖:
    (MC reading: 沖 (MC drjuwng))
* 衷:
    (MC reading: 衷 (MC trjuwng|trjuwngH))
* 忡:
    (MC reading: 忡 (MC trhjuwng))
* 虫: Alternative form of 蟲
    (MC reading: 虫 (MC xjw+jX))
* 冲: Alternative form of 沖
    (MC reading: 冲)
* 傭:
    (MC reading: 傭 (MC trhjowng))
* 种:
    (MC reading: 种 (MC drjuwng))
# semitone
## English
### Etymology

From semi- +‎ tone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛmitoʊn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

semitone (plural semitones)
* (music) A musical interval equal to an augmented unison or a minor second, depending on the context and tuning system used
* (music) Any of the pitches of the chromatic scale

#### Synonyms

* half step
* halftone

#### Derived terms

* chromatic semitone
* diatonic semitone

#### Related terms

* hemitonic

#### Translations
### See also

* cent

### Anagrams

* meneitos, monetise, one-times
# muyangit
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /muˈjaŋit/ [mʊˈjaː.ŋɪt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -aŋit
* Syllabification: mu‧ya‧ngit

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

muyangit (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜌᜅᜒᜆ᜔)
* any thick liquid adhering along the sides of a container, such as molasses, syrup, honey, left after pouring off
    Synonym: kayat

##### Alternative forms

* muyang̃it — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

##### Derived terms

* mamuyangit
* pamuyangitin

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

muyangit (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜌᜅᜒᜆ᜔) (obsolete)
* tantrum; bad temper
    Synonym: sumpong

##### Alternative forms

* monyaguit, munyang̃it, muyang̃it — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
* munyangit
* munyagit

##### Derived terms

* ikamuyangit
* magmuyangit
* mamuyangit
* pagmuyangitin

#### See also

* pulangitan
* sungit
* tampo

### Further reading

* “muyangit”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.‎ (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila, page 403: “Mal acondiçionado) Muyang̃it (pp) queſe enoja y ayra mucho”
* Serrano-Laktaw, Pedro (1914) Diccionario tagálog-hispano, Ateneo de Manila, page 838.

### Anagrams

* munyagit
# oxygenase
## English
### Etymology

From German Oxygenase, corresponding to oxygen +‎ -ase.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɒksɪd͡ʒəneɪz/

### Noun

oxygenase (plural oxygenases)
* (biochemistry) An enzyme which catalyses biochemical reactions with oxygen.

#### Derived terms

* cyclo-oxygenase
* premnaspirodiene oxygenase
# Kamianka
## English
### Etymology

From Ukrainian Ка́м'янка (Kámʺjanka).

### Proper noun

Kamianka
* A city in Cherkasy Oblast, in central Ukraine.

#### Derived terms

* Kamianka-Buzka
* Kamianka-Dniprovska

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Kamianka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Kamakani
# ɖagbe
## Fon
### Etymology

Cognates include Gun ɖàgbè

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɖà.ɡ͡bè/

### Verb

ɖàgbè
* to be good, nice

#### Derived terms

* ɖàgbèɖàgbè (“to be beautiful/pretty”)

## Gun
### Alternative forms

* dàgbè (Nigeria)

### Etymology

Cognates include Fon ɖàgbè

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɖà.ɡ͡bè/
* Audio (Nigeria):(file)

### Verb

ɖàgbè (Benin)
* to be good, nice

#### Derived terms

* ɖàgbèɖàgbè (“to be beautiful/pretty”)
# သင်္ဘောသီး
## Burmese
### Etymology

သင်္ဘော (sangbhau:) +‎ သီး (si:).

### Pronunciation

* Phonetic respelling: သင်းဘော+သီး
* IPA: /θɪ́ɴbɔ́ðí/
* Romanization: MLCTS: sangbhau:si: • ALA-LC: saṅʻbhosīʺ • BGN/PCGN: thin:baw:dhi: • Okell: thìñbòthì

### Noun

သင်္ဘောသီး • (sangbhau:si:) (classifier လုံး)
* papaya fruit

#### Derived terms

* သင်္ဘောသီးသုပ် (sangbhau:si:sup)

### References

* ↑ Ōno, Tōru (2000) ビルマ(ミャンマー)語辞典 [Burmese dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Daigakushorin, →ISBN, page 733
# orthographic
## English
### Alternative forms

* orthographick (obsolete)

### Etymology

From ortho- +‎ -graph +‎ -ic. Compare French orthographique, Latin orthographus, Ancient Greek ὀρθογράφος (orthográphos).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌɔːθəˈɡɹæfɪk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˌɔːɹθəˈɡɹæfɪk/
* Rhymes: -æfɪk

### Adjective

orthographic (not comparable)
* Of a projection used in maps, architecture etc., in which the rays are parallel.
* Of, or relating to, orthography.
** 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide‎, page 10:This overlapping is reflective of hybrid languages, where certain features (phonetic, orthographic, semantic, syntactic) are also difficult to disentangle.

#### Synonyms

* (maps): orthographical

#### Derived terms

* orthographic neighbor
* orthographic neighborhood
* orthographic neighbour
* orthographic neighbourhood
# ganxixo
## Fon
### Alternative forms

* ganxuxo

### Etymology

Cognates include Gun ganxixo, Adja gaxoxo, Ewe gafofo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡã̄.xī.xō/

### Noun

ganxixo
* hour

#### Derived terms

* ganxixo ɖokpó mɛ̀ (“in an hour”)

## Gun
### Alternative forms

* ganhiho (Nigeria)

### Etymology

Cognates include Fon ganxixo, Fon ganxuxo, Adja gaxoxo, Ewe gafofo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡã̄.xī.xō/

### Noun

ganxixo (plural ganxixo lɛ́) (Benin)
* hour
# imagem
## Galician
### Noun

imagem f (plural imagens, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of imaxe

### Further reading

* “imagem” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ymagen, omagen, omage, from Latin imāginem (“a copy, likeness, image”), from *im-, also the root of imitor (“to copy, imitate”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /iˈma.ʒẽj̃/ [iˈma.ʒẽɪ̯̃]
* (Portugal) IPA: /iˈma.ʒɐ̃j̃/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -aʒẽj̃, (Portugal) -aʒɐ̃j̃
* Hyphenation: i‧ma‧gem

### Noun

imagem f (plural imagens)
* image; picture; figure (optical representation of an object)
** 1902, Fernando Pessoa, Quando ela passa:
    Quando eu me sento à janela / P'los vidros qu'a neve embaça / Vejo a doce imagem d'ela / Quando passa… passa… passa…When I sit at the window / I see through the panes clouded by snow / The sweet image of her / When (she) passes… passes… passes…
    Synonym: figura
* image (mental representation of something seen or imagined)
* image (outward appearance)
    Synonyms: aparência, semelhança, semblante
* image; face (characteristics that are first perceived by others)
    Synonym: rosto
* (computing) image (file containing all data of a storage medium)
* (religion) icon (small object of religious devotion)
    Synonym: ícone
* (geometrical optics) image (a group of emitted, reflected or refracted rays of light)
* (mathematics) image (values mapped to by a function)
    Antonym: domínio
    Coordinate term: contradomínio

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:imagem.

#### Related terms

* imaginação
* imaginar
* imaginário
* imaginoso
* imago

### Further reading

* “imagem” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “imagem”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “imagem”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# sõltuma
## Estonian
### Etymology

Literary derivative of sõltus. With -uma ending.

### Verb

sõltuma (da-infinitive sõltuda)
* to depend (on: + elative case)
    Synonym: olenema

#### Derived terms

* sõltumatu
* sõltuv
* sõltuvus

#### Related terms

* sõltlane
* sõltus

### References

* ↑ “sõltus”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

### Further reading

* “sõltuma”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “sõltuma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “sõltuma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* sõltuma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
# sapagka
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* sapagca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology

From sa- +‎ pagka.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sapaɡˈkaʔ/ [sɐ.pɐɡˈkaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: sa‧pag‧ka

### Conjunction

sapagkâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜉᜄ᜔ᜃ)
* (archaic) because; since; for the reason that
    Synonyms: dahil, sapagkat, kasi, palibhasa

#### Derived terms

* sapagkat

### Further reading

* “sapagka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# նետել
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Armenian նետել (netel).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /neˈtel/, [netél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /neˈdel/, [nedél]

### Verb

նետել • (netel)
* (transitive) to throw, to cast
    Synonyms: գցել (gcʻel), շպրտել (šprtel)

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Derived terms

* հրանետ (hranet)
* նռնականետ (nṙnakanet)

## Middle Armenian
### Etymology

Denominal verb of նետ (net).

### Verb

նետել • (netel)
* to shoot an arrow
* (by extension) to throw (any object)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: նետել (netel)

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “նետեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 502
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “նետել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume 3, Yerevan: University Press, page 442
# ծուխ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ծուխ (cux).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡suχ/, [t͡suχ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /d͡zuχ/, [d͡zuχ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ծուխ • (cux)
* smoke
    Synonym: մուխ (mux)
* (figuratively) household, family, hearth, home

#### Derived terms

* ծխածածկույթ (cxacackuytʻ)
* ծխամորճ (cxamorč)
* ծխանռնակ (cxanṙnak)

#### Related terms

* ծխել (cxel)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

A Georgian-Zan borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Kartvelian *c̣ux-, whence Georgian წუხვა (c̣uxva, “sadness, sorrow”), Old Georgian წუხილი (c̣uxili, “anxiety, grief, sadness”), მწუხრი (mc̣uxri, “dusk”); for the sense development compare Persian دود (dud, “smoke; sadness, anguish”).

### Noun

ծուխ • (cux)
* smoke
    Synonym: մուխ (mux)
    սիւն, ստեղն ծխոյ, ծուխ ծառացեալ ― siwn, stełn cxoy, cux caṙacʻeal ― pillar of smoke
    մրրիկ ծխոյ ― mrrik cxoy ― clouds or masses of smoke
    ընդ ծուխ գալ ― ənd cux gal ― to be in the smoke
    ծուխս արձակել ― cuxs arjakel ― to emit smoke
* fume, vapor, exhalation
* disagreement, discord, hatred
    ծուխ որ ընդ մէջ մօրուին եւ ըրջուաց ծխիցի ― cux or ənd mēǰ mōruin ew ərǰuacʻ cxicʻi ― unpleasantness or discord engendered between step-mother and step-children

#### Derived terms

* ծխալից (cxalicʻ)
* ծխալից (cxalicʻ)
* ծխախառն (cxaxaṙn)
* ծխախառն (cxaxaṙn)
* ծխակեր (cxaker)
* ծխահանք (cxahankʻ)
* ծխամած (cxamac)
* ծխան (cxan)
* ծխանելիք (cxanelikʻ)
* ծխանիմ (cxanim)
* ծխանոց (cxanocʻ)
* ծխաշունչ (cxašunčʻ)
* ծխատեսակ (cxatesak)
* ծխատեսակագոյն (cxatesakagoyn)
* ծխատէր (cxatēr)
* ծխատուն (cxatun)
* ծխացուցիչ (cxacʻucʻičʻ)
* ծխեալ (cxeal)
* ծխելիք (cxelikʻ)
* ծխեմ (cxem)
* ծխիմ (cxim)
* ծխիչ (cxičʻ)
* ծխնելոյզ (cxneloyz)
* ծխոյել (cxoyel)
* ծխոտիմ (cxotim)
* վերածխեմ (veracxem)
* վերածխութիւն (veracxutʻiwn)
* վերծխութիւն (vercxutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ծուխ (cux)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ծուխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 470–471

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ծուխ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ծուխ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 58
# polyphosphate
## English
### Etymology

From poly- +‎ phosphate.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

polyphosphate (plural polyphosphates)
* (chemistry) any of a class of inorganic polymers containing linked phosphate groups; the low molecular weight polymers, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, are used in water softening and as food additives

#### Derived terms

* ammonium polyphosphate
* calcium polyphosphate
* calcium sodium polyphosphate
* diadenosine polyphosphate
* inositol polyphosphate
* magnesium polyphosphate
* sodium tripolyphosphate