# 遜

| 遜 | U+905C, &#36956; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-905C |
| ← 遛 [U+905B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 遝 → [U+905D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

遜 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓木火 (YNDF), four-corner 3230$_9$, composition ⿺辶孫)

#### Derived characters

* 䕖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1263, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39038
* Dae Jaweon: page 1757, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3874, character 3
* Unihan data for U+905C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 遜 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 孫 | *suːn |
| 猻 | *suːn |
| 蓀 | *suːn |
| 搎 | *suːn |
| 遜 | *suːns |
| 愻 | *suːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *suːns) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn).

### Etymology

Cognate with 孫 (OC *suːn, “grandchild”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xùn (xun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seon$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song$^4$ / suong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sùn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^4$
*** Yale: syùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^3$
*** Yale: seun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùn
*** Tâi-lô: sùn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²¹/
* Middle Chinese: swonH
Rime :
| Character | 遜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇困切 |
| Baxter | swonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /suən$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /suon$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /suən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swən$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /suən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /suən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /suən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*suːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 遜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12182 |
| Phonetic component | 孫 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 巽 |
| Old Chinese | /*suːns/ |

### Definitions

遜
* humble; modest
* to abdicate; (of an emperor) to give up the throne
* (literary) inferior
* (literary) to flee; to escape; to evade
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE
    wú jiā mào xùn yú huāng [Pinyin]
    Our household's elders fled to the wasteland
* (Internet slang) lame
    太遜了／太逊了 ― tài xùn le ― so lame
* A respelling of the English patronymic son
    納爾遜／纳尔逊 ― Nà'ěr Xùn ― Nelson

### Compounds

* 不遜 / 不逊 (bùxùn)
* 出言不遜 / 出言不逊 (chūyánbùxùn)
* 口出不遜 / 口出不逊
* 固遜 / 固逊
* 托克遜 / 托克逊 (Tuōkèxùn)
* 推賢遜能 / 推贤逊能
* 推遜 / 推逊
* 桀驁不遜 / 桀骜不逊
* 毫不遜色 / 毫不逊色
* 湯遜湖 / 汤逊湖 (Tāngxùn Hú)
* 略遜一籌 / 略逊一筹 (lüèxùnyīchóu)
* 稍遜一籌 / 稍逊一筹 (shāoxùnyīchóu)
* 約翰遜 / 约翰逊 (Yuēhànxùn)
* 謙遜 / 谦逊 (qiānxùn)
* 謙遜下士 / 谦逊下士
* 達布遜 / 达布逊 (Dábùxùn)
* 遜位 / 逊位
* 遜志時敏 / 逊志时敏
* 遜色 / 逊色 (xùnsè)
* 遜謝 / 逊谢 (xùnxiè)
* 遜遁 / 逊遁
* 遜順 / 逊顺

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “逊”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* modest; humble
* inferior
* to defer, to give up something
* to escape, to flee

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kun: ゆずる (yuzuru, 遜る)、へりくだる (herikudaru, 遜る)、のがれる (nogareru, 遜れる)、したがう (shitagau)
* Nanori: ゆずる (yuzuru)

#### Compounds

* 遜色(そんしょく) (sonshoku): inferiority

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 遜 (MC swonH).

### Hanja

遜 (eumhun 겸손할 손 (gyeomsonhal son))
* hanja form of 손 (“modesty”)

#### Compounds

* 겸손 (謙遜, gyeomson, “modesty, humility”)
* 공손 (恭遜, gongson, “politeness; courteousness; civility”)
* 불손 (不遜, bulson, “immodesty; insolence”)
* 손색 (遜色, sonsaek, “inferiority”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

遜: Hán Nôm readings: tốn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.