# जल
## Bhojpuri
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala)

### Noun

जल (jal) m (Kaithi 𑂔𑂪)
* water

## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d͡ʒəl/, [d͡ʒɐl]
* Rhymes: -əl

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀮 (jala), from Sanskrit जल (jalá).

#### Noun

जल • (jal) m (Urdu spelling جل)
* water
    Synonyms: आब (āb), पानी (pānī)

##### Related terms

* जल चक्र (jal cakra)
* जलकर (jalkar)
* जलघुमर (jalghumar)
* जलचालित (jalcālit)
* जलडाकू (jalḍākū)
* जलधि (jaldhi)
* जलनिकासी (jalnikāsī)
* जलपरी (jalaprī)
* जलविभाजन (jalvibhājan)
* जलसिंह (jalsĩh)
* भूजल (bhūjal)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

जल • (jal)
* inflection of जलना (jalnā):
** stem
** second-person singular intimate present imperative

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala). Doublet of जळ (jaḷ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʑəl/

### Noun

जल • (jal) n
* (Chemistry) water
    Synonyms: पाणी (pāṇī), उदक (udak), तोय (toy), नीर (nīr)

#### Derived terms

* भूजल (bhūjal, “groundwater”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “जल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jalá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zʌl]
* Phonetic Devanagari: जल्

### Noun

जल • (jal)
* water
    Synonym: पानी (pānī)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* jala (Latin script)
* 𑀚𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* জল (Bengali script)
* ජල (Sinhalese script)
* ဇလ or ၹလ (Burmese script)
* ชล or ชะละ (Thai script)
* ᨩᩃ (Tai Tham script)
* ຊລ or ຊະລະ (Lao script)
* ជល (Khmer script)
* 𑄎𑄣 (Chakma script)

### Noun

जल n
* Devanagari script form of jala (“water”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* জল (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬮ (Balinese script)
* জল (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ဇလ (Burmese script)
* જલ (Gujarati script)
* ਜਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಲ (Kannada script)
* ជល (Khmer script)
* ຊລ (Lao script)
* ജല (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐮 (Newa script)
* ଜଲ (Odia script)
* ꢙꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖩 (Siddham script)
* ජල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚥 (Takri script)
* ஜல (Tamil script)
* జల (Telugu script)
* ชล (Thai script)
* ཛ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From जल् (jal, “to be sharp; to be stiff or dull”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɐ.lɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑɐ.l̪ɐ/

#### Adjective

जल • (jalá) stem
* stupid, unintelligent, dumb

##### Declension
#### Noun

जल • (jalá) stem, m
* a stupid man, idiot

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Of unclear origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelHo-, from *gʷel- (“to dribble; gush forth; spring; squirt; throw”), and thus cognate with गल् (gal, “to drip”) and German quellen (“(of water) to well, issue forth”). A local substrate origin is possible, though quite unlikely due to the word being attested in Vedic texts and lacking typical substrate features (e.g. retroflexion, variation between aspirated and deaspirated forms). Related to Vedic Sanskrit जलाष (jalāṣa), of uncertain meaning; not related to Latin gelū (“frost”).

#### Noun

जल • (jalá) stem, n
* water
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल

##### Synonyms

* पानीय (pānīya)

##### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀚𑀮 (jala)
** Assamese: জল (zol)
** Bengali: জল (jol)
** Dardic:
*** Kashmiri: زَل (zal, “urine”)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: जल (jal)
    Urdu: جل
** Marathi: जल (jal)
** Nepali: जल (jal)
** Pali: jala
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਲ (jal)
    Shahmukhi script: جل (jal)
** Sylheti: ꠎꠟ (zol)
* Gandhari: 𐨗𐨫 (jala)
* Pali: jala
** → Thai: ชล (chon)
** → Khmer: ជល (cɔɔl)
* → Kannada: ಜಲ (jala)
* → Malayalam: ജലം (jalaṁ)
* → Tamil: ஜலம் (jalam)
* → Telugu: జలము (jalamu)
* → Sinhalese: ජලය (jalaya)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “जल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 414/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “jarbhárī - jálāṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 579
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) “jartaḥ — jalūkā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 423