OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rio Grande do Sul
## English
### Etymology

From Portuguese Rio Grande do Sul (literally “Great River of the South”). Rio Grande (“Great River”) is an old name for the Lagoa dos Patos lagoon, and the southern attribution contrasts with Rio Grande do Norte.

### Proper noun

Rio Grande do Sul
* A state of the South Region, Brazil. Capital: Porto Alegre

#### Translations
### See also

Divisions of the Federative Republic of Brazil in English (layout · text) :
* States: Acre · Alagoas · Amapá · Amazonas · Bahia · Ceará · Espírito Santo · Goias · Maranhão · Mato Grosso · Mato Grosso do Sul · Minas Gerais · Pará · Paraíba · Paraná · Pernambuco · Piauí · Rio de Janeiro · Rio Grande do Norte · Rio Grande do Sul · Rondônia · Roraima · Santa Catarina · São Paulo · Sergipe · Tocantins
* Federal District: Federal District

### Further reading

* Category:Rio Grande do Sul on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Rio Grande do Sul on Wikivoyage.Wikivoyage
* Rio Grande do Sul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Literally, “Great River of the South”. Rio Grande (“Great River”) is an old name for the Lagoa dos Patos, and the southern attribution contrasts with Rio Grande do Norte.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈhi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯], /ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈhiʊ̯ ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈhi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯], /ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈhiʊ̯ ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈχi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯], /ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuw/ [ˈχiʊ̯ ˈɡɾɐ̃.d͡ʒi du ˈsuʊ̯]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.de do ˈsuw/ [ˈhi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.de do ˈsuʊ̯], /ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃.de do ˈsuw/ [ˈhiʊ̯ ˈɡɾɐ̃.de do ˈsuʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.dɨ du ˈsul/ [ˈʁi.u ˈɣɾɐ̃.dɨ ðu ˈsuɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.dɨ du ˈsul/ [ˈʁi.u ˈɣɾɐ̃.dɨ ðu ˈsuɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃.dɨ du ˈsu.li/ [ˈʁi.u ˈɣɾɐ̃.dɨ ðu ˈsu.li]
* Audio (Brazil):(file)

### Proper noun

Rio Grande do Sul m
* A state of the South Region, Brazil. Capital: Porto Alegre
    Synonyms: (abbreviation) RS, Rio Grande

#### Related terms

* gaúcho, sul-riograndense, riograndense-do-sul, rio-grandense (demonyms)

### See also

* Acre
* Alagoas
* Amapá
* Amazonas
* Bahia
* Ceará
* Espírito Santo
* Goiás
* Maranhão
* Mato Grosso
* Mato Grosso do Sul
* Minas Gerais
* Pará
* Paraíba
* Paraná
* Pernambuco
* Piauí
* Rio de Janeiro
* Rio Grande do Norte
* Rio Grande do Sul
* Rondônia
* Roraima
* Santa Catarina
* São Paulo
* Sergipe
* Tocantins
# надолужувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From надолу́жити (nadolúžyty) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐdoˈɫuʒʊʋɐte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

надолу́жувати • (nadolúžuvaty) impf (perfective надолу́жити)
* to make up (for), to catch up (on)
    надолу́жувати втра́чений час ― nadolúžuvaty vtráčenyj čas ― to make up for lost time
    надолу́жувати зга́яний час ― nadolúžuvaty zhájanyj čas ― to make up for lost time
    надолу́жувати пропу́щене ― nadolúžuvaty propúščene ― to make up for what one has missed

#### Derived terms

* надолу́жування n (nadolúžuvannja)
* надолу́жуватися impf (nadolúžuvatysja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “надолужувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2018), “надолужувати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 9 (міщани́н – насту́кувати), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “надолужувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “надолужувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “надолужувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “надолужувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “надолужувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# rikucki
## Pawnee
### Etymology

From rikuhc- (“bird”) +‎ -kis (diminutive suffix); cognate with Arikara nikUs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾɪkʊt͡skɪ]
* Hyphenation: ri‧kuc‧ki

### Noun

ríkucki (combining form rikuhc- or rikuc-)
* bird

#### Derived terms

* rikuhcawiitakaaruʼ

### References

* Douglas R. Parks, Lula Nora Pratt (2008) A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 492
* Zachary Rice (2016) Repurposing the comparative method for Pawnee language and dialect revitalisation‎, University of Oklahoma (Master Thesis), page 106
# тавом
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtavəm]

### Noun

та́вом • (távom)
* instrumental singular of тав (tav)
# leave the nest
## English
### Verb

leave the nest (third-person singular simple present leaves the nest, present participle leaving the nest, simple past and past participle left the nest)
* (idiomatic) To leave home; to stop living with one's parents.
    Synonym: fly the nest
** 1987, Sue Vineyard, How to Take Care of You . . . So You Can Take Care of Others, →ISBN, page 31:At about the time that the last child is leaving the nest, elderly parents move to a point of needing assistance in their lives.
** 1998, David Arp, Claudia Arp, The Second Half of Marriage, →ISBN:Soon after our last son left the nest, we decided to cash in some of our frequent flyer points for a summer vacation in Europe.
** 2006, Margie Orford, Fabulously 40 and Beyond:women, →ISBN:I never left home - I married directly after I finished my university studies, and now that my own sons are leaving the nest, starting their own lives, I've realised that I never 'left home'.
* (idiomatic) To become independent; to begin to act without supervision or in ways that are not prescribed.
** 2000, G. Srinivasan, From White Dwarfs to Black Holes: The Legacy of S. Chandrasekhar, →ISBN:He taught, seasoned, encouraged, and broadened all of us while we were his students, and he supported us greatly after we had left the nest.
** 2009, Andrew I. Schafer, The Vanishing Physician-scientist?, →ISBN, page 162:Among the greatest physician-scientists of our time, Mike Brown and Joe Goldstein argue that the trainee is ready to leave the nest when she or he has acquired technical courage, a sufficient set of skills and experience and self-confidence to develop new tools when the need arises.
** 2017, Mary Rannie, Gary Karr: Life on the G String, →ISBN:I was coming into my own, leaving the nest, combining “old school” techniques with fresh ideas. Reinshagen taught the Simandl method, but its limitations created problems that I have not resolved even to this day.
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see leave,‎ nest.
** 2006, Peter Ryan, Sasol Birdwatching in Southern Africa, →ISBN, page 84:Checking nests keeps the adult birds away from the nest, exposing the eggs and chicks to cold or heat, and can cause large chicks to leave the nest prematurely.

#### See also

* empty nest
* nidifugous
# tristeza
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese tristeza (“sadness”), referring to the devastation it caused in South America in the 1930s.

### Noun

tristeza (uncountable)
* A damaging viral disease of citrus plants, caused by Closterovirus.

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese tristeza, from Latin trīstitia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾisˈteθa/ [t̪ɾis̺ˈt̪e.θɐ]
* IPA: (standard) /tɾisˈteθa/ [t̪ɾis̺ˈt̪e.θɐ]
* IPA: (seseo) /tɾisˈtesa/ [t̪ɾisˈt̪e.sɐ]
* Rhymes: -eθa
* Rhymes: -eθa
* Rhymes: -esa
* Hyphenation: tris‧te‧za

### Noun

tristeza f (plural tristezas)
* sadness
* melancholy
    Synonym: melancolía

#### Related terms

* triste
* tristeiro

### Further reading

* “tristeza”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* “tristeza” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* tristêza (superseded)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tristeza, from Latin trīstitia. By surface analysis, triste +‎ -eza.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾisˈte.zɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾisˈte.zɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /tɾiʃˈte.zɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /tɾisˈte.za/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾiʃˈte.zɐ/
* Hyphenation: tris‧te‧za

### Noun

tristeza f (plural tristezas)
* (uncountable) sadness (state or emotion of being sad)
    Synonyms: abatimento, depressão, desânimo, melancolia
    Antonyms: alegria, contentamento, felicidade, júbilo, prazer, regozijo, satisfação
** 1958, “A Felicidade”, performed by Antônio Carlos Jobim:Tristeza não tem fim / Felicidade, sim(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* sadness (event causing sadness)
    Synonyms: aborrecimento, desgosto, entristecimento, mágoa
* tristeza (plant disease)

#### Related terms

* entristecedor
* entristecente
* entristecer
* entristecidamente
* entristecido
* entristecimento
* triste
* tristonho

### Further reading

* “tristeza” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “tristeza”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “tristeza”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From triste +‎ -eza or from Latin trīstitia (“sadness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /tɾisˈteθa/ [t̪ɾisˈt̪e.θa]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /tɾisˈtesa/ [t̪ɾisˈt̪e.sa]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -eθa
* Rhymes: -esa
* Syllabification: tris‧te‧za

### Noun

tristeza f (plural tristezas)
* sadness, gloom, sorrow, gloominess, unhappiness, misery
* tristeza (plant disease)

#### Related terms

* triste (adjective)

### Further reading

* “tristeza”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# doodzaʼ
## Navajo
### Verb

doodzaʼ
* third-person singular/duoplural perfective of didzééh
# ô dề
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Originally North Central Vietnamese, now widespread due to usage on social media like TikTok, Facebook, etc.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔo˧˧ ze˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔow˧˧ jej˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔow˧˧ jej˨˩]

### Adjective

ô dề
* (North Central Vietnam, colloquial) vulgar; crude; embarrassing
* (Internet slang) ridiculous; over-the-top
# felony
## English
### Alternative forms

* fellonie

### Etymology

From Middle English felony, felonie, from Old French felonie (“evil, immoral deed”), from felon (“evildoer”). Ultimately of Proto-Germanic origin. More at felon. By surface analysis, felon +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: fĕ'lə-nē, IPA: /ˈfɛ.lə.ni/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

felony (plural felonies)
* (law, criminology, US, historical in UK) A serious criminal offense, which, under United States federal law, is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty in the most serious offenses.
    Coordinate term: misdemeanor
** 2015, Kenneth J. Peak, Pamela M. Everett, Introduction to Criminal Justice: Practice and Process:First, as felony prosecutor, I prosecute high-level felonies including homicides; sexual assaults; child endangerings; shootings and other felonious assaults; and media cases.
** 2024 May 30, The Editorial Board, “Donald Trump, Felon”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Many experts have also expressed skepticism about the significance of this case and its legal underpinnings, which employed an unusual legal theory to seek a felony charge for what is more commonly a misdemeanor, and Mr. Trump will undoubtedly seek an appeal.

#### Derived terms

* composition of a felony
* felony murder
* felony murder rule
* felony stop
* felony traffic stop
* nonfelony
* subfelony
* telefelony

#### Related terms

* felon
* felonious
* felonize

#### See also

* misdemeanor (less serious crime)
# здати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From з- (z-) +‎ да́ти (dáty). Compare Russian сда́ть (sdátʹ), Belarusian зда́ць (zdácʹ), Polish zdać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzdate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

зда́ти • (zdáty) pf (imperfective здава́ти) (transitive)
* (transitive) to give, to hand over, to pass
* (transitive) to hand in, to submit, to turn in (give for a purpose or as required)
* (transitive) to surrender, to turn in, to turn over (relinquish)
* (transitive) to lease, to let out, to rent, to rent out (grant temporary occupation or use in return for remuneration)
    зда́ти в оре́нду ― zdáty v oréndu ― to lease, to let out, to rent, to rent out (literally, “to hand over in lease/rent”)
* (transitive, chiefly military) to surrender, to yield (to an enemy)
* (transitive) to deal (:playing cards)
* (transitive) to take (:exam, test, etc.)
* (intransitive) to give out (cease functioning; desist through exhaustion)
* (colloquial, transitive or intransitive, followed by наза́д) to move back

#### Derived terms

* зда́тися pf (zdátysja)
* зда́ча f (zdáča)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “здати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “здати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “здати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “здати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “здати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “здати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “здати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# rutilare
## Italian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Classical Latin rutilō, rutilāre (“to redden”), derived from rutilus (“having a warm or yellowish red colo(u)r; strawberry blonde”, adjective), of uncertain origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ru.tiˈla.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: ru‧ti‧là‧re

### Verb

rutilàre (first-person singular present rùtilo, first-person singular past historic rutilài, past participle rutilàto, no auxiliary) (literary, intransitive)
* to have a vibrant red colo(u)r
    Hypernym: rosseggiare
* (loosely) to shine
    Synonyms: (literary) rifulgere, risplendere, splendere

#### Related terms

* rutilante
* rutilismo
* rutilo

### References

* rutilare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Verb

rutilāre
* inflection of rutilō:
** present active infinitive
** second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative

## Spanish
### Verb

rutilare
* first/third-person singular future subjunctive of rutilar
# тавы
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtavɨ]

### Noun

та́вы • (távy)
* nominative/accusative plural of тав (tav)
# bóp méo
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

bóp +‎ méo.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓɔp̚˧˦ mɛw˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓɔp̚˦˧˥ mɛw˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓɔp̚˦˥ mɛw˦˥]

### Verb

bóp méo
* to distort; misrepresent
# Dodge
## English
### Etymology

From a Middle English diminutive form of Roger.

### Proper noun

Dodge (countable and uncountable, plural Dodges)
* (countable, chiefly US) A surname transferred from the given name.
* A placename
** A village in Nebraska.
** A city and village in North Dakota.
** A census-designated place in Oklahoma.
** A town in Wisconsin.
* A brand of motor vehicle.

#### Derived terms

* Dodge City
* Dodge County
* Fort Dodge
* get out of Dodge
# 德黑蘭
## Chinese

* 德黑蘭 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 德黑蘭省 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تهران (tehrân).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Déhēilán
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄟ ㄌㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dak$^1$ hak$^1$ laan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Tiak-hiak-lân / Tek-hek-lân / Tek-o͘-lân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Déhēilán
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄟ ㄌㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Déheilán
*** Wade–Giles: Tê$^2$-hei$^1$-lan$^2$
*** Yale: Dé-hēi-lán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Derheilan
*** Palladius: Дэхэйлань (Dɛxɛjlanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤ³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ län³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dak$^1$ hak$^1$ laan$^4$
*** Yale: dāk hāk làahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dak$^7$ hak$^7$ laan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deg$^1$ heg$^1$ lan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiak-hiak-lân
*** Tâi-lô: Tiak-hiak-lân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diakhiaklaan
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tek-hek-lân
*** Tâi-lô: Tik-hik-lân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dekheklaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tek-o͘-lân
*** Tâi-lô: Tik-oo-lân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dek'olaan
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

### Proper noun

德黑蘭
* Tehran (the capital city of Iran)
* (～省) Tehran (a province of Iran)
# جريدة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Singulative noun of جَرِيد (jarīd, “defoliated palm”). From the root ج ر د (j r d).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.riː.da/

### Noun

جَرِيدَة • (jarīda) f (plural جَرَائِد (jarāʔid))
* singulative of جَرِيد (jarīd, “defoliated palm”)
* detachment of horsemen
* newspaper
    Synonym: صَحِيفَة (ṣaḥīfa)

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: جريدة (jarīda)
* → Hausa: jarida
* → Ottoman Turkish: جریده (ceride)
** Turkish: ceride
* → Swahili: jarida

### References

* Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 518–519
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جريدة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 264
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “جريدة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 407
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جريدة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 142
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “جريدة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 175

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ج ر د
* 2 terms

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic جَرِيدَة (jarīda).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.riː.de/, [ʒaˈriː.de]
* IPA: /ʒa.riː.da/, [ʒaˈriː.da]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جريدة • (jarīde) f (plural جرائد (jarāʔid))
* newspaper
# Chandigarh
## English
### Etymology

From Chandi +‎ Garh. Chandi refers to a Hindu Goddess, the warrior avatar of Goddess Parvati, while Garh means "fort". The name is derived from Chandi Mandir, an ancient temple devoted to this goddess, near the city in Panchkula District.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌt͡ʃʌndɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/, /ˌt͡ʃɑːndɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Proper noun

Chandigarh
* A union territory in northern India, located between Punjab and Haryana.
* The capital city of Chandigarh, India; capital city of Haryana and Punjab, India.

#### Translations
### See also

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Chandigarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Puducherry

## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Chandigarh f
* Chandigarh (a union territory in northern India)
* Chandigarh (the capital city of Chandigarh, India; capital city of Haryana and Punjab, India)
# здорожувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From здорожи́ти (zdorožýty) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zdɔˈrɔʒʊʋɐte]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

здоро́жувати • (zdoróžuvaty) impf (perfective здорожи́ти)
* (transitive) to make more expensive, to increase the cost of, to raise the price of
    Synonym: (colloquial) здоро́жчувати impf (zdoróžčuvaty)
    Antonym: здеше́влювати impf (zdešévljuvaty)

#### Derived terms

* здоро́жуватися impf (zdoróžuvatysja)

#### Related terms

* дороги́й (dorohýj)
* доро́жчати impf (doróžčaty), подоро́жчати pf (podoróžčaty)
* здоро́жчувати impf (zdoróžčuvaty), здоро́жчити pf (zdoróžčyty) (colloquial)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “здорожувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “здорожувати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “здорожувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “здорожувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “здорожувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “здорожувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “здорожувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# vespera
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vesˈpera]
* Rhymes: -era
* Hyphenation: ves‧pe‧ra

### Adjective

vespera (accusative singular vesperan, plural vesperaj, accusative plural vesperajn)
* of or related to evening
    Antonym: matena

#### Related terms

* vespere (“in the evening”)
* vesperi (“to be evening”)
* vespero (“evening”)

## Latin
### Etymology

From vesper.

### Noun

vespera f (genitive vesperae); first declension
* evening, eventide

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* vesper

#### Descendants

* Catalan: vespra
* Old Galician-Portuguese: vespera
** Galician: véspera, víspora
** Portuguese: véspera
* Old Spanish: viésperas, viespras
** Spanish: víspera
* → Old High German: vespera
** Middle High German: vesper
*** German: Vesper
*** Alemannic German: Vësper

### References

* “vespera”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “vespera”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* vespera in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Noun

vespera f (plural vesperas)
* Obsolete spelling of véspera.
# spikön
## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from English speak, respelled in Volapük as (the noun or root) spik (plus the infinitive morpheme -ön).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spi.ˈkøn]
* Hyphenation: spi‧kön

### Verb

spikön
* (transitive) to speak
** 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:Atos valik ejenon, dat utos pöfölon, kelosi Söl espikom dub profetan.Now all this took place to fulfil what the Lord had spoken through the prophet.

#### Synonyms

* pükön (older term, now obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* atos, din at no digädon ad pabespikön
* bespikön
* gespikön
* gespikön eki ad spikam oma
* gevön eke pöti ad spikön
* luspikön
* luspikülön
* pabespikön
* pleidülaspikön
* pölaspikön
* spikön eke
* spikön Jvabänadialego
* spikön laodiko
* spikön lü ek
* spikön nelaodiko
* spikön pleidülo
* spikön splodülo
* spikön stedälo
* spikön stupädo
* spikön telplänovo
* taspikön eke bosi
* taspikülön
* yudospikön

#### Related terms

* bespik
* spikot

### See also

* pük
* pükav
* pükavan