OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ukase
## English
### Alternative forms

* ukaz, Ukaz
* Ukase

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ука́з (ukáz, “edict, decree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /juːˈkeɪz/, IPA: /ˈjuːkeɪs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪz

### Noun

ukase (plural ukases)
* An authoritative proclamation; an edict, especially decreed by a Russian czar or later ruler.
** c. 1844, Henry Brougham, Political Philosophy:Many estates peopled with crown peasants have been, according to an ukase of Peter the Great, ceded to particular individuals on condition of establishing manufactories […]
** 1805 May 6, The Times, page 3, column C:An Ukase, it appears, has been issued by the Emperor Alexander, to facilitate the introduction of calimancoes and other Norwich goods into his Empire.
** 1984 August 5, William Safire, “Goodbye Sex, Hello Gender”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Two years ago, the word went forth to friend and foe alike that gender applied to grammar while sex applied to people. I issued the ukase: “If you have a friend of the female sex, you are a red-blooded American boy; if you have a friend of the feminine gender, you have an unnatural attachment to a word.”
** 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 704:The planters, he explained in a letter to Lincoln, would accept emancipation by ukase in preference to being compelled to enact it themselves in a new constitution.
* (figuratively) Any absolutist order or arrogant proclamation
    Synonym: diktat
** 1965, John Fowles, The Magus:I knew a stunned plunge of disappointment and a bitter anger. What right had he to issue such an arbitrary ukase?
** 2008 July, Stephen Burt, “Kick Over the Scenery”, in London Review of Books:It is a short step from discovering that the world we know is a fake or a cheat to discovering that human beings are themselves factitious: that we are robots, ‘simulacra’ (the title of one of Dick’s novels), ‘just reflex machines’, ‘repeating doomed patterns, a single pattern, over and over’ in accordance with biological or economic ukases.

#### See also

* decree
* edict

### Further reading

* ukase on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ukaz in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* Akesu

## French
### Alternative forms

* oukase, oukaze, ukaze

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ука́з (ukáz, “edict, decree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /y.kaz/, /u.kaz/

### Noun

ukase m (plural ukases)
* (historical) ukase (a decree from a Russian ruler, or any absolute or arrogant order)
* edict, dictate

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: oekaze

### See also

* décret m
* édit m
* loi
* ordonnance

### Further reading

* “ukase”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* ucase

### Noun

ukase m (invariable)
* ukase

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* ucase

### Noun

ukase m (plural ukases)
* ukase (proclamation by a Russian ruler)
# sifonar
## Spanish
### Verb

sifonar (first-person singular present sifono, first-person singular preterite sifoné, past participle sifonado)
* to siphon

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* Manuel Seco, Olimpia Andrés, Gabino Ramos (2023 August 3) “sifonar”, in Diccionario del español actual [Dictionary of Current Spanish] (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA [BBVA Foundation]
# 交通標誌
## Chinese

| | | transportation; transport; traffictransportation; transport; traffic; communications; liaison | symbol; sign; marksymbol; sign; mark; label; tag; logo |
| trad. (交通標誌) | trad. (交通標誌) | 交通 | 標誌 |
| simp. (交通标志) | simp. (交通标志) | 交通 | 标志 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāotōng biāozhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^1$ tung$^1$ biu$^1$ zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāotōng biāozhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiaotong biaojhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^1$-tʻung$^1$ piao$^1$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: jyāu-tūng byāu-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiautong biaujyh
*** Palladius: цзяотун бяочжи (czjaotun bjaočži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^1$ tung$^1$ biu$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Yale: gāau tūng bīu ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^1$ tung$^1$ biu$^1$ dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^1$ tung$^1$ biu$^1$ ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

### Noun

交通標誌
* roadsign; signpost

#### Synonyms

* 路標／路标 (lùbiāo)
# 吩咐
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnfù
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ fu$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-fu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoan-hù / hun-hù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$ hu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnfù → fēnfu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄈㄨˋ → ㄈㄣ ˙ㄈㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenfů
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-fu$^5$
*** Yale: fēn-fu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fen.fuh
*** Palladius: фэньфу (fɛnʹfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/ → /fən⁵⁵ fu²/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$分付 吩咐
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ fu$^3$
*** Yale: fān fu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ fu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ fu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ fuː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-fu
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˊ$ fu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^1$ fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoan-hù
*** Tâi-lô: huan-hù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoanhux
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴⁴⁻³³ hu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan⁴⁴⁻³³ hu¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan³³ hu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan⁴⁴⁻²² hu²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-hù
*** Tâi-lô: hun-hù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunhux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ hu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hu²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^1$ hu$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung hù
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ³³⁻²³ hu²¹³/

### Verb

吩咐
* to give instructions; to advise; to instruct
* to order; to command
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:11
    Yéhéhuá shuō: “Shéi gàosù nǐ chìshēn lùtǐ ne? Mòfēi nǐ chī le wǒ fēnfù nǐ bùkě chī de nà shù shàng de guǒzi ma?” [Pinyin]
    And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?

#### Synonyms

* (to give instructions to):
* yue+nan-hbl:交帶 / yue+nan-hbl:交带
* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 付囑 / 付嘱 (fùzhǔ) (obsolete)
* 叮嚀 / 叮咛 (dīngníng)
* 叮囑 / 叮嘱 (dīngzhǔ)
* 囑咐 / 嘱咐 (zhǔfù)
* 招呼 (zhāohū)
* 讓 / 让 (ràng)
* (to order):
* 下令 (xiàlìng)
* 令
* 命令 (mìnglìng)
* 指令 (zhǐlìng)
* 申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
* 著令 (zhuólìng)
* 號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
* 責令 / 责令 (zélìng)
* 責成 / 责成 (zéchéng)
* 飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

### References

* “Entry #2999”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
# 和平條約
## Chinese

| | | peace; Rosa Peace | pact; treaty |
| trad. (和平條約) | trad. (和平條約) | 和平 | 條約 |
| simp. (和平条约) | simp. (和平条约) | 和平 | 条约 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hépíng tiáoyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^4$ ping$^4$ tiu$^4$ joek$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hépíng tiáoyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hépíng tiáoyue
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$-pʻing$^2$ tʻiao$^2$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: hé-píng tyáu-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herpyng tyauiue
*** Palladius: хэпин тяоюэ (xɛpin tjaojue)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$ ping$^4$ tiu$^4$ joek$^3$
*** Yale: wòh pìhng tìuh yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$ ping$^4$ tiu$^4$ joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$ ping$^4$ tiu$^4$ yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰiːu̯²¹ jœːk̚³/

### Noun

和平條約
* peace treaty

#### Synonyms

* 和約／和约 (héyuē)
# 境界
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìngjiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^2$ gaai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin-kie
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kéng-kài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìngjiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìngjiè
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$-chieh$^4$
*** Yale: jìng-jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqjieh
*** Palladius: цзинцзе (czincze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^2$ gaai$^3$
*** Yale: gíng gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^2$ gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^2$ gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ³⁵ kaːi̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$境界 警戒
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin-kie
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin gie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^4$ gie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵ ki̯e⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-kài
*** Tâi-lô: kíng-kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kefngkaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/

### Noun

境界
* boundary (line marking the limits of a physical area)
* realm; state; extent reached
       Méi xiǎngdào duǎnduǎn yīge yuè, tā de chúyì jìngrán yǐ jìnbù dào zhège jìngjiè! [Pinyin]
       Who would have thought that in a short little month, his cooking would have improved to this extent!

#### Synonyms

* (boundary):
* 區宇 / 区宇 (qūyǔ) (literary)
* 國土 / 国土 (guótǔ) (of a country)
* 國界 / 国界 (guójiè) (national boundary)
* 土地
* 幅員 / 幅员 (fúyuán)
* 提封 (tífēng) (literary)
* 版圖 / 版图 (bǎntú)
* 版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
* 疆土 (jiāngtǔ) (of a country)
* 疆域 (jiāngyù)
* 疆理 (jiānglǐ) (literary)
* 疆界 (jiāngjiè)
* 領土 / 领土 (lǐngtǔ)
* 領地 / 领地 (lǐngdì)
* (realm):
* 份 (fèn)
* 地步 (dìbù)
* 水平 (shuǐpíng)
* 水準 / 水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
* 程度 (chéngdù)
* 高度 (gāodù)

#### Related terms

* 境地 (jìngdì)
* 意境 (yìjìng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 境 | 界 |
| きょう Grade: 5 | かい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょーかい [kyòókáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ːka̠i]

### Noun

境(きょう)界(かい) • (kyōkai)
* boundary (of two lands etc.)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 境 | 界 |

### Noun

境界 • (gyeonggye) (hangeul 경계)
* hanja form of 경계 (“boundary”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 境 | 界 |

### Noun

境界
* chữ Hán form of cảnh giới (“realm, state, extent reached”).
# parrotbill
## English
### Etymology

From parrot +‎ bill.

### Noun

parrotbill (plural parrotbills)
* Any of a group of warbler-like birds of uncertain taxonomy, now often placed in family Paradoxornithidae, native to East and Southeast Asia, generally small and long-tailed, which inhabit reed beds and similar habitats and feed mainly on seeds.

#### Synonyms

* crow-tit

#### Derived terms

* great parrotbill (Conostoma oemodium)
* three-toed parrotbill (Cholornis paradoxa)
* brown parrotbill (Cholornis unicolor)
* spot-breasted parrotbill (Paradoxornis guttaticollis)
* black-breasted parrotbill (Paradoxornis flavirostris)
* reed parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei)
* grey-headed parrotbill (Psittiparus gularis)
* black-headed parrotbill (Psittiparus margaritae)
* white-breasted parrotbill (Psittiparus ruficeps)
* rufous-headed parrotbill, greater rufous-headed parrotbill (Psittiparus bakeri)

#### Translations
### References

* parrotbill on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Sylvioidea on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Paradoxornis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# the Lord's work
## English
### Noun

the Lord's work (uncountable)
* Synonym of God's work
# 禁止令
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnzhǐlìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^3$ zai$^3$ ling$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnzhǐlìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnjhǐhlìng
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-chih$^3$-ling$^4$
*** Yale: jìn-jř-lìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnjyylinq
*** Palladius: цзиньчжилин (czinʹčžilin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^3$ zai$^3$ ling$^6$
*** Yale: gam jai lihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^3$ dzai$^3$ ling$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^3$ zei$^3$ ling$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³³ t͡sɐi̯³³ lɪŋ²²/

### Noun

禁止令
* (Mainland China, law) injunction
* (Hong Kong, law) prohibition order
* (law) restraining order

#### Synonyms

* (injunction): 強制令／强制令, (chiefly Hong Kong) 禁制令 (jìnzhìlìng)
* (restraining order): 限制令 (xiànzhìlìng)
# poslední vůle
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [poslɛdɲiː vuːlɛ]

### Noun

poslední vůle f
* testament, will
    Synonym: závěť f
# pravidlo
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech pravidlo, from Proto-Slavic *pravidlo. By surface analysis, pravit (“to say”) +‎ -dlo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpravɪdlo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪdlo
* Hyphenation: pra‧vi‧d‧lo

### Noun

pravidlo n
* rule (regulation)

#### Derived terms

* Cramerovo pravidlo
* pravidelný
* pravidla silničního provozu
* spravedlivý
* výjimka potvrzuje pravidlo
* zpravidla

#### See also

* zásada f
* příkaz m
* zákaz m

### Further reading

* “pravidlo”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pravidlo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pravidlo”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# flagito
## Esperanto
### Noun

flagito (accusative singular flagiton, plural flagitoj, accusative plural flagitojn)
* singular past nominal passive participle of flagi

## Latin
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂- (“to swing back and forth”), whence also flagrum. In that case cognate to Old Norse blaka, blakra (“to flap, flutter”), Lithuanian blokšti (“to throw, fling”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈflaː.ɡi.toː/, [ˈfɫ̪äːɡɪt̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfla.d͡ʒi.to/, [ˈfläːd͡ʒit̪o]

### Verb

flāgitō (present infinitive flāgitāre, perfect active flāgitāvī, supine flāgitātum); first conjugation
* to demand, require
    Synonyms: requīrō, exposcō, precor, petō, repetō, rogitō, exigō, exorō
    Reliquōs nōn dēsīderāret sōlum, sed etiam posceret et flāgitāret.He would not only desire the remaining things, but would also ask and demand them.
* to entreat or solicit
    Synonyms: supplicō, ōrō, obsecrō, expetō, efflāgitō, rogō, ērogō, quaesō
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.16:Interim cotidie Caesar Haeduos frumentum, quod essent publice polliciti, flagitare.Meanwhile, Caesar kept daily importuning the Aedui for the corn which they had promised in the name of their state.
* to accuse

#### Conjugation

$^1$The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

#### Derived terms

* flāgitātiō
* flāgitātor
* flāgitātus
* flāgitium

### References

* “flagito”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “flagito”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* flagito in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “flāgitō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 224
# راج
## Arabic
### Etymology

* Root
* ر و ج (r w j)
* 5 terms
Back-formation from رَوَاج (rawāj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raː.d͡ʒa/

### Verb

رَاجَ • (rāja) I (non-past يَرُوجُ (yarūju), verbal noun رَوَاج (rawāj))
* to have currency, to circulate, to sell well, to be in demand, to burgeon, to be buoyant

#### Conjugation
## Malay
### Noun

راج (plural راج-راج or راج۲, informal 1st possessive راجکو, 2nd possessive راجمو, 3rd possessive راجڽ)
* Jawi spelling of raja‎

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* رهاج (rahâj)

### Etymology

Probably from Ancient Greek ῥάξ (rháx).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾɑːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑːd͡ʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑːd͡ʒ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rɑːd͡ʒ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rɔːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹɒːd͡ʒ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾɔd͡ʒ]

### Noun

راج • (râj)
* holly

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀚 (rajja), from Sanskrit राज्य (rājya, “royalty, kingdom, realm”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /ɾäːd͡ʒᵊ/

### Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਾਜ)
* rule; government; sovereignty
* ruler; monarch; monarchy
* kingdom; empire; state
* rule; reign (ie. time of reign)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “راج”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “ਰਾਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rājyá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 619

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾɑːd͡ʒ/
* Rhymes: -ɑːdʒ

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit राज्य (rājya, “royalty, kingdom, realm”).

#### Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Hindi spelling राज)
* royalty, kingship
* reign, rule
    ہندستان میں برطانوی راجHindustān mẽ Bartānvī rājBritish rule in Hindustan/India
* kingdom, empire, state
* monarchy, sovereignty
* government, administration

##### Synonyms

* بادشاہت (bādśāhat)
* شاہی (śāhī)
* بادشاہی (bādśāhī)
* سلطنت (saltanat)
* مملکت (mumlikat)

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, sovereign, prince”).

#### Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Hindi spelling राज)
* mason
* builder

#### Prefix

راجـ • (rāj-) (Hindi spelling -राज)
* A prefix which forms a large number of compound words and carries an adjectival meaning of the king or of the state (e.g., راجکر (rāj-kar) royal tribute, tax, راجدوت (rāj-dūt) royal emissary, ambassador, راجبھاشا (rāj-bhāṣā) national language, راجنیتی (rāj-nīti) politics), etc.

##### Derived terms
#### Suffix

ـراج • (-rāj) (Hindi spelling राज-)
* A suffix which forms compound words and carries the meaning king or chief (e.g., مہاراج (mahā-rāj) great king, maharaja).

##### Related terms

* راجا (rājā)
# ਅਰਜ਼
## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَرض ('arz), from Arabic عَرْض (ʕarḍ, “breadth, width”). Compare Hindi अर्ज़ (arz).

#### Noun

ਅਰਜ਼ • (arz) m (Shahmukhi spelling عَرض)
* breadth, width

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَرض ('arz), from Arabic عَرْض (ʕarḍ, “presentation; petition”). Compare Hindi अर्ज़ (arz).

#### Noun

ਅਰਜ਼ • (arz) m (Shahmukhi spelling عَرض)
* petition, supplication, request

##### Derived terms

* ਅਰਜ਼ੀ f (arzī, “written request”)
* ਅਰਜ਼ਮੰਦ m (arzmand, “petitioner”)
* ਅਰਜ਼ਦਾਸ਼ਤ f (arzdāśt, “petition”)

### Further reading

* “ਅਰਜ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# painted berrypecker
## English
### Noun

painted berrypecker (plural painted berrypeckers)
* Any bird of the family Paramythiidae, of New Guinea.

### References

* painted berrypecker on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Paramythiidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Paramythiidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# nalog
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nalogъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nǎːloɡ/
* Hyphenation: na‧log

### Noun

nálog m (Cyrillic spelling на́лог)
* instruction, direction, orders
* (Bosnia, Serbia) account
    Synonym: ràčun

#### Declension
## Veps
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian налог (nalog).

### Noun

nalog
* tax, duty
# Ranatakariáhsne
## Mohawk
### Etymology

Ranatakárias (“President of the United States”) +‎ -hne (“locative clitic”).

### Noun

Ranatakariáhsne
* Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

### References

* Michelson, Gunther, Michelson, Karin, Canadian Deer, Glenda (2024) A Dictionary of Kanien’kéha (Mohawk) with Connections to the Past, University of Toronto Press, pages 203, 226
# akay
## Hanunoo
### Etymology

Compare Tagalog akay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔakaj/ [ˈʔa.kɐj]
* Rhymes: -akaj
* Syllabification: a‧kay

### Noun

akay (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜣᜬ᜴)
* direction; guidance; aid; help

#### Derived terms

* pagpaakayan

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 23

## Quechua
### Noun

akay
* excretion, defecation

#### Declension
### Verb

akay
* (transitive) to defecate

#### See also

* aka
* ismay

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ákay (“to guide, direct the motion of someone or something, as a herd of animals”). Compare Ilocano akay and Hanunoo akay.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔakaj/ [ˈʔaː.xaɪ̯]
* Rhymes: -akaj
* Syllabification: a‧kay

### Noun

akay (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜌ᜔)
* act of leading someone by hand
* (figurative) guidance; training

### Adjective

akay (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜌ᜔)
* led by hand
* (figurative) guided; led; trained (by someone)

#### Derived terms

* akayan
* akayin
* inakay
* mag-akay
* pag-aakay
* pag-akay
* tagaakay
* umakay

### References

* “akay”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* “akay”, in Pinoy Dictionary, 2010–2025
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ákay”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* kaya

## Yami
### Noun

akay
* grandfather
# Ranatakárias
## Mohawk
### Etymology

ra- (“pronominal prefix”) +‎ -nat- (“town”) +‎ -a- +‎ -kari- (“to destroy (transitive)”) +‎ -as (“habitual suffix”), literally “He destroys the town”.

### Proper noun

Ranatakárias
* president of the United States

#### Derived terms

* Ranatakariáhsne (“Washington, D.C.”)

### References

* Michelson, Gunther, Michelson, Karin, Canadian Deer, Glenda (2024) A Dictionary of Kanien’kéha (Mohawk) with Connections to the Past, University of Toronto Press, pages 203, 226
# resipi
## Malay
### Etymology

From English recipe.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Noun

resipi (Jawi spelling رسيڤي, plural resipi-resipi, informal 1st possessive resipiku, 2nd possessive resipimu, 3rd possessive resipinya)
* recipe

#### Alternative forms

* (instructions of food dishes, plan or procedure to obtain a given end): rêsèp (Indonesian)

### Further reading

* “resipi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* resipe

### Etymology

Borrowed from English recipe, from Middle French récipé, from Latin recipe.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈɾesipi/ [ˌɾɛː.sɪˈpi]
* Rhymes: -esipi
* Syllabification: re‧si‧pi

### Noun

résipí (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜉᜒ)
* recipe (instructions for making or preparing food dishes)
* recipe (plan or procedure to obtain a given end result)

#### Related terms

* reseta
* resibo

### Further reading

* “resipi”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “resipi”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* ispeir