# 脂

| 脂 | U+8102, &#33026; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8102 |
| ← 脁 [U+8101] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 脃 → [U+8103] |

## Translingual
### Han character

脂 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126$_1$, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 㴯, 𫆻

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 981, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
* Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2069, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8102

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 脂
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 稽 | *kiː, *kʰiːʔ |
| 詣 | *ŋɡiːs |
| 栺 | *ŋɡiːs, *kji |
| 榰 | *klje |
| 脂 | *kji |
| 鴲 | *kji, *kjis |
| 指 | *kjiʔ |
| 旨 | *kjiʔ |
| 恉 | *kjiʔ |
| 嗜 | *ɡjis |
| 蓍 | *qʰlji |
| 鰭 | *ɡri |
| 耆 | *ɡri |
| 鮨 | *ɡri |
| 鬐 | *ɡri |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kji) : semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

### Etymology

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstruction (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chi / chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zin$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$tsy / $^1$tsyu
** (Jinhua): $^1$tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$
*** Yale: jr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$
*** Yale: jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sie⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
*** Tâi-lô: tsi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
*** Tâi-lô: tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cie
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zin$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sz̩³³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sz̩⁵²/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sz̩⁵²/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsyu
*** MiniDict: tsyu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsy
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sz̩³³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyij
Rime :
| Character | 脂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 旨夷切 |
| Baxter | tsyij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ci/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕi/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kji/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 脂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyij › |
| Old Chinese | /*kij/ |
| English | fat, grease |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17322 |
| Phonetic component | 旨 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 脂 |
| Old Chinese | /*kji/ |

### Definitions

脂
* fat; grease; lard
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Shǒu rú róu tí, fū rú níng zhī. [Pinyin]
    Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass; Her skin was like congealed ointment;
* Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi, “rouge”).
    脂粉 ― zhīfěn ― rouge and powder

### Compounds

* 不施脂粉
* 乳脂湯 / 乳脂汤
* 低脂
* 全脂奶粉
* 六朝脂粉
* 凝脂 (níngzhī)
* 卵磷脂 (luǎnlínzhī)
* 口脂
* 合成樹脂 / 合成树脂
* 塗脂抹粉 / 涂脂抹粉
* 抹粉施脂
* 掠脂斡肉
* 搽脂抹粉
* 擦脂抹粉
* 松脂 (sōngzhī)
* 松脂石
* 樹脂 / 树脂 (shùzhī)
* 民脂民膏 (mínzhīmíngāo)
* 民膏民脂
* 氟樹脂 / 氟树脂
* 油脂 (yóuzhī)
* 燕脂
* 瓊脂 / 琼脂 (qióngzhī)
* 畫脂鏤冰 / 画脂镂冰
* 皮脂 (pízhī)
* 皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
* 石脂
* 硬脂
* 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
* 磷脂質 / 磷脂质
* 礦脂 / 矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
* 羊毛脂 (yángmáozhī)
* 羊脂玉
* 羊脂白
* 脂油 (zhīyóu)
* 脂澤 / 脂泽
* 脂粉 (zhīfěn)
* 脂粉小說 / 脂粉小说
* 脂粉氣 / 脂粉气 (zhīfěnqì)
* 脂肽 (zhītài)
* 脂肪 (zhīfáng)
* 脂肪瘤 (zhīfángliú)
* 脂肪腺
* 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
* 胭脂
* 胭脂井
* 胭脂花粉
* 胭脂虎
* 胰脂酶
* 脂腴
* 脂膏 (zhīgāo)
* 脂膏不潤 / 脂膏不润
* 脂膘
* 脂韋 / 脂韦
* 脂鯉 / 脂鲤 (zhīlǐ)
* 脂麻 (zhīma)
* 脣脂 / 唇脂
* 脫脂 / 脱脂 (tuōzhī)
* 脫脂奶粉 / 脱脂奶粉
* 脫脂棉 / 脱脂棉
* 脣若塗脂 / 唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
* 脣若施脂 / 唇若施脂
* 腸脂垂 / 肠脂垂 (chángzhīchuí)
* 血脂肪
* 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
* 軟脂酸 / 软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
* 飽和脂肪 / 饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
* 魚石脂 / 鱼石脂
* 鵝脂 / 鹅脂

### References

* “脂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fat

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: あぶら (abura, 脂, Jōyō)、やに (yani, 脂)、あぶらぎる (aburagiru, 脂ぎる)

#### Compounds

* 牛(ぎゅう)脂(し) (gyūshi): tallow of cow
* 脂(し)肪(ぼう) (shibō): fat
* 松(まつ)脂(やに) (matsuyani), 松(しょう)脂(し) (shōshi): pine resin
* 獣(じゅう)脂(し) (jūshi): tallow
* 豚(とん)脂(し) (tonshi): lard
* 皮(ひ)脂(し) (hishi): sebum
* 雲(ふ)脂(け) (fuke): dandruff

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 脂
* あぶら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry. :
| 【あぶら】 | [noun] 脂: fat [noun] 脂: skin oil |
(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 脂
* やに Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry. :
| 【やに】 | [noun] resin [noun] tar (byproduct of tobacco smoke) [noun] rheum Alternative spelling 膠 |
(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

脂 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

脂: Hán Nôm readings: chi, chỉ, mạnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.