# سفارش
## Gojri
### Alternative forms

* سْپارَش (spāraś)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

### Noun

سَفارَش (safāraś) f
* recommendation, proposal

### Further reading

* Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 279.
* Javaid Rahi (2015) گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 593, column 2.

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* سپارش (sepâreš)

### Etymology

From سپار (sepâr-, “to commit, entrust, deposit, order”) +‎ ـش (-eš, “-ment, -tion”). Compare Pashto سپارښت (spārə́x̌t).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [si.fɑː.ˈɾiʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [si.fɔː.ɾíʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [se.fɒː.ɹéʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [si.fɔ.ɾíʃ]

### Noun

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)
| Dari | سفارش |
| Iranian Persian | سفارش |
| Tajik | сифориш |
* recommendation
    Synonyms: توصیه (towsiye), پیشنهاد (pišnahâd)
* order (of a product or service)
    Synonym: ترتیب (tartib)
** 2021, “برای شغل گلفروشی باید چه مهارتهایی داشته باشید؟ [What skills do you need for a florist job?]”, in ilna.news‎:پس از سفارش گل ، گل فروشی ها گل ها را با پیک یا وانت به مکان مورد نظر برد و به کسی که آنها را سفارش داده است تحویل می دهند.pas az sefâreš-e gol, gol-foruši-hâ gol-hâ-râ bâ peyk yâ vânet be makân-e mowred nazar bord va be kasi ke ânhâ-râ sefâreš dâde ast tahvil mi-dehand.After the flower order [has been made], the florists take the flowers to the destination by courier or van, and deliver them to the person who has ordered them.

#### Derived terms

* سفارش دادن (sefâreš dâdan, “to order, to request”)
* سفارش مجدد (sefâreš-e mojaddad, “reorder”)
* سفارش نامه (sefâreš nâme, “letter of recommendation”)
* سفارش کردن (sefâreš kardan, “to recommend, to suggest”)
* سفارشی (sefâreši, “ordered, registered”)

#### Descendants

* → Ahirani: सिपारस (sipāras)
* → Azerbaijani: sifariş
* → Middle Bengali: সুফারিশ (suphariś)
** Bengali: সুপারিশ (śupariś)
* → Bhojpuri: siphāris
    Devanagari script: सिफारिस
    Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂱𑂤𑂰𑂩𑂱𑂮
* → Chhattisgarhi: सिपारस (sipāras), सिपारिस (sipāris)
* → Dogri: saphāraś
    Devanagari script: सफारश
    Dogra script: 𑠩𑠟𑠬𑠤𑠧
* → Gojri: سَفارَش (safāraś), سْپارَش (spāraś)
* → Gujarati: શિફારસ (śiphāras), સિફારસ (siphāras)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सिफ़ारिश (sifāriś)
    Urdu: سِفارِش (sifāriś)
* → Kannada: ಶಿಫಾರಸು (śiphārasu)
* → Maithili: sipāris
    Devanagari script: सिपारिस
    Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒱𑒣𑒰𑒩𑒱𑒮
* → Malayalam: ശുപാർശ (śupāṟśa)
* → Malvi: सिफारिस (siphāris)
* → Marathi:
    Devanagari script: शिफारस (śiphāras)
    Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘣𑘰𑘨𑘭 (śīphāras)
* → Marwari:
    Devanagari script: सिफारस (siphāras), सिफारिस (siphāris), सुपारस (supāras)
    Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅰 (siphrs), 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅑𑅰 (siphris), 𑅰𑅒𑅨𑅭𑅰 (suprs)
* → Nepali: सिफारिस (siphāris)
* → Odia: ସୁପାରିସ୍ (supāris)
* → Pashto: سپارش (sipārísh, supārísh)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ (sifāriś), ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (sifāraś), ਸਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (safāraś)
    Shahmukhi script: سِفارَش (sifāraś), سِپارَس (sipāras)
* → Sindhi: sifāriśa, supārasa
    Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ
    Devanagari script: सिफ़ारिश, सुपारस
    Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋡𑋓𑋩𑋠𑋙𑋡𑋜, 𑋝𑋣𑋒𑋠𑋙𑋝
* → Tamil: சிபார்சு (cipārcu)
* → Telugu: సిపారసు (sipārasu)
* → Tulu: śiparāsŭ, śipārasŭ, siparāsŭ, sipārasŭ, sipārsi, sipārsŭ
    Kannada script: ಶಿಪರಾಸ್, ಶಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪರಾಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸಿ, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸ್
    Malayalam script: ശിപരാസ്, ശിപാരസ്, സിപരാസ്, സിപാരസ്, സിപാര്സി, സിപാര്സ്
* → Ottoman Turkish: سپارش (sipariş)
** Turkish: sipariş

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سفارش”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سفارش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 684

## Punjabi
### Alternative forms

* سِپارَس (sipāras)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

### Noun

سِفارَش • (sifāraś) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼)
* recommendation

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سِفارِش”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪʃ/
* Hyphenation: سِ‧فا‧رِش
* Rhymes: -ɪʃ

### Noun

سِفارِش • (sifāriś) f (Hindi spelling सिफ़ारिश)
* recommendation, endorsement
    مَیں نے اَپنے دوسْت کِی سِفارِش پَر یہ کِتَاب پَڑِھی۔ma͠i ne apne dost kī sifāriś par ye kitāb paṛhī.I read this book upon my friend's recommendation.

#### Declension

Declension of سفارش :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشیں (sifāriśẽ) |
| oblique | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشوں (sifāriśõ) |
| vocative | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشو (sifāriśo) |

#### Derived terms

* سِفارِش نامَہ (sifāriś nāma)
* سِفارِش کَرْنَا (sifāriś karnā)
* سِفارِش گَر (sifāriś gar)
* سِفارِشی (sifāriśī)

### Further reading

* S. W. Fallon (1879) “سفارش”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 768
* “سفارش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “سفارش”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 662
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفارش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
* “سفارش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* John Shakespear (1834) “سفارش”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1076