# 噫

| 噫 | U+566B, &#22123; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-566B |
| ← 噪 [U+566A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 噬 → [U+566C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

噫 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 口卜廿心 (RYTP), four-corner 6003$_6$, composition ⿰口意)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 210, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4381
* Dae Jaweon: page 432, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 694, character 1
* Unihan data for U+566B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 噫 | *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ |
| 譩 | *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl |
| 醷 | *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ |
| 意 | *qɯɡs |
| 鷾 | *qɯɡs |
| 憶 | *qɯɡ |
| 億 | *qɯɡ |
| 臆 | *qɯɡ |
| 繶 | *qɯɡ |
| 澺 | *qɯɡ |
| 薏 | *qɯɡ |
| 檍 | *qɯɡ |
| 癔 | *qɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yī, yì (yi$^1$, yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yī
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yi
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$
*** Yale: yī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^1$
*** Yale: yī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'i
Rime :
| Character | 噫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於其切 |
| Baxter | 'i |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 噫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15149 |
| Phonetic component | 意 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 醫 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯ/ |

#### Definitions

噫
* (Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yán Yuān sǐ. Zǐ yuē: “Yī! Tiān sàng yú! Tiān sàng yú!” [Pinyin]
    When Yan Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas! Heaven is destroying me! Heaven is destroying me!"
* huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder)

#### Compounds

* 噫吁戲
* 噫嗚 / 噫呜
* 噫嘻
* 噫歆
* 憑噫 / 凭噫
* 抑噫
* 梁鴻五噫

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ài, yì (ai$^4$, yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ, ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): aai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aai$^3$
*** Yale: aai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /aːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'eajH
Rime :
| Character | 噫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏界切 |
| Baxter | 'eajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 噫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15148 |
| Phonetic component | 意 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 噫 |
| Old Chinese | /*qrɯːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

噫
* to belch; to burp
* (obsolete) to exhale; to blow

#### Compounds

* 噫氣 / 噫气

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/

#### Definitions

噫
* Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)

### References

* “噫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* exclamation
* burp, belch

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)、え (e)
* Kan-on: あい (ai)、い (i)
* Kun: ああ (ā, 噫)、おくび (okubi, 噫)

#### Compounds

* 五(ご)噫(い) (goi)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 噫
* ああ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 噫 – see the following entry. :
| 【ああ】 | [interjection] oh!, ah! [interjection] expresses surprise [interjection] expresses affirmation [interjection] used to call attention [interjection] expresses a grunt or pain [interjection] (colloquial) expresses a calm positive response: yeah Alternative spelling 嗚呼 |
(This term, 噫, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'i).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅴᆼ (Yale: quy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 희$^韻$ (Yale: huy) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [çi]
* Phonetic hangul: [히]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui))
* hanja form of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”)
* (literary) hanja form of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”)
** 1919, 기미 독립 선언서(己未獨立宣言書) (gimi dongnip seoneonseo) [Proclamation of Korean Independence]:噫(희)라 舊來(구래)의 抑鬱(억울)을 宣暢(선창)하려 하면 […]huira gurae-ui eogureul seonchangharyeo hamyeon […] Alas! If we are to eradicate our longstanding sense of injustice […]
** 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮 獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:噫(희)라, (一)億萬(일억만) 人民(인민)의 上(상)에 君臨(군림)하고 […]huira ireongman inminui sang-e gullimhago […] Alas, [determined] to rule over countless numbers of people […]
** 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮 獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:噫(희)라 曠古(광고) 未曾有(미증유)의 歐洲(구주)의 大戰爭(대전쟁)과 奇怪(기괴) 不思議(불사의)의 獨逸(독일)의 革命(혁명)은 […]huira gwanggo mijeung-yuui gujuui daejeonjaenggwa gigoe bulsauiui dogirui hyeongmyeong-eun […] Alas! the unprecedented European war and the inscrutable German Revolution [was] […]
** 1929, 신채호 [Han: 申采浩, Sin Chaeho], 조선사 연구 초 [Joseonsayeon-gucho, Han: 朝鮮史硏究草, Exploratory Studies in Korean History]:噫(희)라, 李勣(이적)과 蘇定方(소정방)이 麗(여)·濟(제)의 文獻(문헌)을 掃蕩(소탕)하였다 하지만huira, Ijeokgwa Sojeongbang-i Yeo·Je-ui munheoneul sotanghayeotda hajimanAlas, although it is said that Li Ji and Su Dingfang wiped out the literature of Goguryeo and Baekje

#### Compounds

* 희라 (噫라, huira, “alas”)
* 희오 (噫嗚, huio, “sorrowing”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'eajH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅢᆼ〮 (Yale: qáy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 애〯 (ǎy)$^訓$ (Yale: ǎy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

#### Hanja

噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))
* hanja form of 애 (“to belch; to burp”)

#### Compounds

* 애기 (噫氣, aegi, “burp”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

噫: Hán Nôm readings: y
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation