OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# سطوة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Morphologically from the root س ط و (s ṭ w).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /satˤ.wa/

### Noun

سَطْوَة • (saṭwa) f (plural سَطَوَات (saṭawāt))
* attack; assault
* power; authority; strength; supremacy
** 2020 June 22, Midan - ميدان&#X200E, , اشتهاء الغاز.. كيف يمكن لثروات المتوسط أن تشعل الحرب؟‎:وَكَانَت رُوسِيَا تُرَاقَبٌ مِنْ بَعِيد مُسْتَخْدِمَةً سَطْوَتَهَا السِّيَاسِيَّةَ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْأَمْنِ لِصَالِحِ بَشَار.wakānat rūsiyā turāqabun min baʕīd mustaḵdimatan saṭwatahā s-siyāsiyyata fī majlisi l-ʔamni liṣāliḥi bašār.And Russia was watching from afar using its political power in the Security Council for (the sake of) Bashar.

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سطو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# سلخ
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root س ل خ (s l ḵ). Compare Hebrew שָׁלַח (šālaḥ) and Classical Syriac ܫܠܚ (šlaḥ).

### Verb

سَلَخَ • (salaḵa) I (non-past يَسْلَخُ (yaslaḵu), verbal noun سَلْخ (salḵ))
* to strip
* to flay

#### Conjugation
### Noun

سَلْخ • (salḵ) m
* verbal noun of سَلَخَ (salaḵa) (form I)
* the act of stripping

#### Declension
### Noun

سِلْخ • (silḵ) m (plural أَسْلَاخ (ʔaslāḵ) or سُلُوخ (sulūḵ))
* hide, skin

#### Declension
### References

* “سلخ” in Almaany
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سلخ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 339
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سلخ”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1121

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سِلْخ (silḵ, “hide, skin”).

### Noun

سلخ • (selh)
* hide, pelt, the flayed off skin of an animal used by humans for various purposes
* slough, the skin shed by a snake or other reptile when the old skin is outgrown
    Synonyms: قاو (kav), ییلان قاوی (yılan kavı)
* the last day of a lunar month, in reference to the Hijri, the Islamic lunar calendar
* plagiarism, the act of copying another person's poem and presenting it as one's own
    Synonym: انتحال (intihal)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: selh

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “selh”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4133
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “selh”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1118
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سلخ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 689
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سلخ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2654
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سلخ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1071

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* س ل خ
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic سَلَخَ (salaḵa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.lax/, [ˈsa.lax]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

سلخ • (salaḵ) I (present بسلخ (bislaḵ))
* (transitive) to skin
* to hit with, to slap (a fine, penalty)
# شبث
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Aramaic שִׁיבְתָא (šiḇəṯā), ܫܒܷܬܴ݁ܐ (šəḇettā), from Akkadian 𒅆𒂍𒌈 (/⁠šibittu⁠/). Cognate to Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ) and Persian شوید (ševid).

#### Alternative forms

* شِبِتّ (šibitt)

#### Noun

شِبِثّ • (šibiṯṯ) m
* dill

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From the root ش ب ث (š b ṯ) related to clinging and catching.

#### Noun

شَبَث • (šabaṯ) m (plural شِبْثَان (šibṯān))
* spider

##### References

* “šbt”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “شبث”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1494–1495
* Levey, Martin (1973) Early Arabic Pharmacology. An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 57
# orcanette des teinturiers
## French
### Etymology

orcanette (“bugloss”) +‎ teinturiers (“dyer”)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ɔʁ.ka.nɛt de tɛ̃.ty.ʁje/

### Noun

orcanette des teinturiers f (plural orcanettes des teinturiers)
* bugloss, alkanet
    Synonym: orcanette tinctoriale
    La racine rouge de l’orcanette des teinturiers servait autrefois à faire de la teinture. ― Alkanet’s red root has historically been used as a dyeing agent.
# طلح
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ط ل ح (ṭ l ḥ) originally meaning “to be successful or contented” as it was a fruit tree that camels overindulge eating; negative associations from the root stem from the negative effects of overeating. Applied in a general way to all flourishing fruit-bearing trees, especially the eating of which is enjoyed.
Often times glossed as Musa (“banana tree”) in its Qurʾānic occurrence, though such an understanding is considered unlikely there; for more see Banana, their existence in Arabia at the eve of Islam and the possible connection of South Arabian trade routes as a potential source of the fruits' introduction to the African continent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤalħ/

### Noun

طَلْح • (ṭalḥ) m (collective, singulative طَلْحَة f (ṭalḥa), plural طُلُوح (ṭulūḥ))
* Vachellia
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:28-29:فِي سِدْرٍ مَّخْضُودٍ وَطَلْحٍ مَّنْضُودٍfī sidrin maḵḍūdin waṭalḥin manḍūdin[They will be] among buckthorn trees with thorns removed and vachellia trees layered [with fruit]
* a fruit-bearing tree

#### Declension
### References

* Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 67
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “طلح”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1865-1866
* ↑ Khair Tuwair Said Al -Busaidi; Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Crop Production Research Centre, Sultanate of Oman, 2013
# عاهرة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Feminine active participle of the verb عَهَرَ (ʕahara, “to commit adultery”), from the root ع ه ر (ʕ h r).

### Noun

عَاهِرَة • (ʕāhira) f (plural عَاهِرَات (ʕāhirāt) or عَوَاهِر (ʕawāhir))
* adulteress
* whore, prostitute, harlot
* (vulgar) bitch

#### Related terms

* دَاعِرَة (dāʕira)
# عرعر
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* عَرْعَار (ʕarʕār), عَرَار (ʕarār), عَرْعَال (ʕarʕāl)

### Etymology

From the root ع ر ر (ʕ r r) meaning “to be mangy” “to be covered in scabs or scales”, “to strip or flake”, the juniper plant being characterized by its tiny scale-like leaves; cognate with Hebrew עַרְעָר (ʿarʿār, “juniper”), and also Ugaritic 𐎓𐎗𐎓𐎗 (ʿrʿr, “tamarisk”), Classical Syriac ܥܰܪܳܐ (ʿarrā, “tamarisk”) as tamarisks look similar in texture.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.ʕar/

### Noun

عَرْعَر • (ʕarʕar) m
* juniper (Juniperus gen.)
** evergreen, cypress

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għargħar
* → Persian: عرعر ('ara'r)
* → Spanish: arar, araar
* → Malay: arar

### Proper noun

عَرْعَر • (ʕarʕar) ?
* Arar (a city in Saudi Arabia)

#### Declension
### References

* Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 23
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 33–38
# علوي
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ل ي (ʕ l y)
* 21 terms

### Etymology 1

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of عُلُوّ (ʕuluww, “height, grandeur”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), with a modified version of عُلُوّ (ʕuluww).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕul.wijj/

#### Adjective

عُلْوِيّ • (ʕulwiyy) (feminine عُلْوِيَّة (ʕulwiyya), masculine plural عُلْوِيُّونَ (ʕulwiyyūna), feminine plural عُلْوِيَّات (ʕulwiyyāt))
* upper
* high, lofty
* roof, upstairs, overhead
* sublime, exalted
* heavenly, divine, celestial, astral, ethereal, empyreal

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of عَلِيّ (ʕaliyy, “high, exalted; Ali”) +‎ ـَوـ (-aw-) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ع ل ي (ʕ l y).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.la.wijj/

#### Adjective

عَلَوِيّ • (ʕalawiyy) (feminine عَلَوِيَّة (ʕalawiyya), masculine plural عَلَوِيُّونَ (ʕalawiyyūna), feminine plural عَلَوِيَّات (ʕalawiyyāt))
* Alawi

##### Declension
#### Noun

عَلَوِيّ • (ʕalawiyy) m (plural عَلَوِيُّونَ (ʕalawiyyūna), feminine عَلَوِيَّة (ʕalawiyya))
* Alawite

##### Related terms

* إِعْلَاء (ʔiʕlāʔ, “elevation, raising”)
* أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā, “higher, highest”)
* تَعْلِيَة (taʕliya, “elevation, raising”)
* عَالٍ (ʕālin, “high”)
* عَلَاء (ʕalāʔ, “nobility”)
* عَلَايَة (ʕalāya, “height”)
* عَلَى (ʕalā, “on”)
* عَلْيَاء (ʕalyāʔ, “loftiness”)
* عُلِّيَة (ʕulliya, “upper room”)
* عِلِّيُّون (ʕilliyyūn, “uppermost heaven”)
* مُتَعَالٍ (mutaʕālin, “high, exalted”)

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: علوى (“alevi”)
* → Spanish: alauí
# فرأ
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* فَرَاء (farāʔ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *faraʾ-, related to the root ف ر ر (f r r) meaning "to be escaped", "to flee", "to be hasty or fleet", "to be hard to catch", used also describe the young of other animals like sheep, goats, wild cows, gazelle, antelope. Compare Akkadian 𒉺𒊏𒌑 (parû), Hebrew פֶּרֶא (pére, “wild ass”), Somali faruw (“zebra”), Chinese 福祿 / 福禄 (fúlù, “zebra”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.raʔ/

### Noun

فَرَأ • (faraʔ) m (plural فِرَاء (firāʔ) or أَفْرَاء (ʔafrāʔ))
* wild-ass, onager, especially a young male

#### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1835) “فرأ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 326
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “فرأ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2357
* Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 208
* H6501 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “فرأ”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 949
# كابوس
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܟܒܘܫܐ (kāḇōšā). Arabised into the common root ك ب س (k b s), which is related to pressing, squeezing, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaː.buːs/

### Noun

كَابُوس • (kābūs) m (plural كَوَابِيس (kawābīs))
* nightmare
* incubus

#### Synonyms

* جَاثُوم (jāṯūm), جُثام (juṯām)
* بَارُوك (bārūk), أَبُو البَارُوك (ʔabū l-bārūk)
* نِئْدَلَاْن (niʔdalān)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: kabus
* → Persian: کابوس (kâbus)
* → Tajik: кобус (kobus)
* → Turkish: kâbus
* → Urdu: کابوس (kābūs)
* → Uzbek: kobus

#### See also

* حُلْم (ḥulm)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːbuːs/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Likely passed during the War of Granada from Spanish alcabuz, arcabuz, reanalyzing its first syllable as the Arabic article, from Middle French arquebuse, from German Hakenbüchse, the harquebus in the 15th century a new development.

#### Noun

كابوس • (kābūs) m (plural كوابس (kwābis))
* handgun
    Synonym: فردي (fardi)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic كَابُوس (kābūs).

#### Noun

كابوس • (kābūs) m (plural كوابس (kwābis))
* nightmare
    Synonym: حلمة خايبة (ḥalma ḵāyba)

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كابوس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 299

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَابُوس (kābūs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaː.buːs/, [kæˈbuːs]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

كابوس • (kābūs) m (plural كوابيس (kawābīs))
* nightmare
# كتابة الرسائل
## Arabic
### Etymology

From كِتَابَة (kitāba, “writing”), verbal noun of كَتَبَ (kataba, “to write”) + اَل (al-, “the”) + رَسَائِل (rasāʔil, “epistles”), plural of رِسَالَة (risāla, “epistle”), connected with رَاسَلَ (rāsala, “to correspond”), from the root ر س ل (r s l).

### Noun

كِتَابَة اَلرَّسَائِل • (kitābat ar-rasāʾil) f
* epistolary script
# كبس
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ك ب س (k b s). The “intercalation” meaning is a semantic loan from Classical Syriac ܟܒܰܫ (kḇaš) – the etymologically corresponding verb in Syriac – and its derivatives.

### Noun

كَبْس • (kabs) m
* verbal noun of كَبَسَ (kabasa) (form I)
* pressure, squeeze, pressing
* raid, attack
* pickling, preservation (in vinegar, etc.)
* intercalation

#### Declension
### Verb

كَبَسَ • (kabasa) I (non-past يَكْبِسُ (yakbisu), verbal noun كَبْس (kabs))
* to press, to exert pressure, to squeeze
* to attack, to raid
* to intercalate
* to pickle, to preserve (in vinegar, etc.)
* to marinate
* to conserve

#### Derived terms

* كَبْسَة (kabsa)

### Verb

كَبَّسَ • (kabbasa) II (non-past يُكَبِّسُ (yukabbisu), verbal noun تَكْبِيس (takbīs))
* to press hard, to squeeze hard
* to massage

#### Related terms

* كَابُوس (kābūs, “nightmare”)

### Noun

كِبْس • (kibs) m (plural كُبُوس (kubūs))
* earth, sludge, especially one which one presses into watercourses to control them or which divides ditches or another pressed construction
** a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 164 a:

#### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كبس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 4–5
* Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, pages 337–338
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كبس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 854–855
* Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, page 135
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “كبس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 949

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ك ب س
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic كَبَسَ (kabasa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.bas/, [ˈka.bas]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كبس • (kabas) I (present بكسر (bikbis))
* to press, to click
    Synonyms: ضغط (ḍaḡaṭ), عصّ (ʕaṣṣ)
# كناب
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ك ن ب (k n b). Since this is not a well-known root, apparently a dissimilation of كِمَام (kimām) or كِنَان (kinān) or another formation of either roots, and other forms within the root are denominal from the designation of this plant-part.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ki.naːb/

### Noun

كِنَاب • (kināb) m
* a stalk of the raceme of a palm tree upon which the dates are gathered

#### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كناب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 62a
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كناب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 933b
* Růžička, Rudolf (1909) “Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), volume VI, number 4, Leipzig · Baltimore: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung · The Johns Hopkins Press, page 92
# مبادلة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Morphologically from the root ب د ل (b d l).

### Noun

مُبَادَلَة • (mubādala) f
* verbal noun of بَادَلَ (bādala) (form III)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: mübadilə
* Turkish: mübadele
# مبنى
## Arabic
### Etymology

Noun of place from the root ب ن ي (b n y); compare بَنَى (banā, “to build”). Compare also Hebrew מִבְנֶה (mivné, “building”).

### Noun

مَبْنًى • (mabnan) m (dual مَبْنَيَانِ (mabnayāni), plural مَبَانٍ (mabānin), plural construct state مَبَانِي (mabānī))
* building
# متعلم
## Arabic
### Etymology

active participle of تَعَلَّمَ (taʕallama) from the root ع ل م (ʕ l m).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ta.ʕal.lim/

### Adjective

مُتَعَلِّم • (mutaʕallim)
* learned, educated

#### Declension
### References

* Arts, Tressy (2014) Oxford Arabic Dictionary‎, 2014 edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “متعلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# محق
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root م ح ق (m ḥ q). Compare Hebrew מָחַק (māḥaq).

### Verb

مَحَقَ • (maḥaqa) I (non-past يَمْحَقُ (yamḥaqu), verbal noun مَحْق (maḥq))
* to efface, to blot out, to destroy, to annihilate, to ruin
* to burn, to scorch
* to withdraw one's blessing from, to render unfortunate

#### Conjugation
### Verb

مَحَّقَ • (maḥḥaqa) II (non-past يُمَحِّقُ (yumaḥḥiqu), verbal noun تَمْحِيق (tamḥīq))
* to destroy entirely, to blot out entirely
* to withdraw one's blessing from, to render unfortunate

#### Conjugation
### Noun

مَحْق • (maḥq) m
* verbal noun of مَحَقَ (maḥaqa) (form I)

#### Declension
### Adjective

مُحِقّ • (muḥiqq) (feminine مُحِقَّة (muḥiqqa), masculine plural مُحِقُّونَ (muḥiqqūna), feminine plural مُحِقَّات (muḥiqqāt))
* active participle of أَحَقَّ (ʔaḥaqqa)
* telling the truth, in the right
    Antonym: مُبْطِل (mubṭil)

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “محق”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 570
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “محق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 154
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “محق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 967
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “محق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1050
# cuistre
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French questre, subjective case of cuistron, coistron (“kitchen boy or vile person”), inherited from Late Latin *coquistrō, related to coquō (“to cook”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɥistʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cuistre m (plural cuistres)
* (derogatory) prig, uneducated pedant
    Synonym: pédant

### Further reading

* “cuistre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# مذاكرة
## Arabic

* Root
* ذ ك ر (ḏ k r)
* 19 terms

### Etymology

Verbal noun of ذَاكَرَ (ḏākara), root ذ ك ر (ḏ k r)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ðaː.ka.ra/

### Noun

مُذَاكَرَة • (muḏākara) f (plural مُذَاكَرَات (muḏākarāt))
* verbal noun of ذَاكَرَ (ḏākara) (form III)
* any exchange of ideas, views, etc.
* discussion, conversation
* conference, conferring, consultation
* deliberation
* negotiation

#### Descendants

(via the singular)
* → Azerbaijani: müzakirə
* → Ottoman Turkish: مذاكره
** Turkish: müzakere
** Crimean Tatar: muzakere
* → Persian: مذاکره (mozâkere)
** Urdu: مذاکره
* → Uyghur: مۇزاكىرە (muzakire)
* → Uzbek: muzokara
(via plural form مُذَاكَرَات (muḏākarāt))
* → Persian: مذاکرات
* → Ottoman Turkish: مذاكرات
** → Turkish: müzakerat
# مستوى
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of اِسْتَوَى (istawā), from the root س و ي (s w y).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

مُسْتَوًى • (mustawan) m (dual مُسْتَوَيَانِ (mustawayāni), plural مُسْتَوَيَات (mustawayāt))
* level
* standard
* (video games) a level
    Synonym: مَرْحَلَة (marḥala)
# معزف
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ز ف (ʕ z f)
* 4 terms

### Etymology

Tool noun from ع ز ف (ʕ z f), the root of the verb عَزَفَ (ʕazafa, “to play music”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miʕ.zaf/

### Noun

مِعْزَف • (miʕzaf) m (plural مَعَازِف (maʕāzif))
* (music) stringed instrument
* (music) piano

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عزف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# gözetecek
## Turkish
### Verb

gözetecek
* third-person singular indicative future of gözetmek
# مستشرق
## Arabic

* Root
* ش ر ق (š r q)
* 9 terms

### Etymology

active participle of اِسْتَشْرَقَ (istašraqa) from the root ش ر ق (š r q).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mus.taʃ.riq/

### Noun

مُسْتَشْرِق • (mustašriq) m
* orientalist

#### Related terms

* اِسْتِشْراق (istišrāq, noun)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: müstəşriq
* → Ottoman Turkish: مستشرق
** → Turkish: müsteşrik

### References

* Baalbaki, Rohi (1995) “مستشرق”, in Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary, 7th edition, Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin, →ISBN
* Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “مستشرق”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مستشرق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Wehr, Hans (1960) “مستشرق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz
# ocrtati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From ob- +‎ crtati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ôt͡sr̩tati/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
* Hyphenation: o‧cr‧ta‧ti

### Verb

ȍcrtati pf (Cyrillic spelling о̏цртати)
* (transitive) to outline

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “ocrtati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# čarobnica
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃârobnit͡sa/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

čȁrobnica f (Cyrillic spelling ча̏робница)
* (female) wizard

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “čarobnica”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# vengence
## English
### Noun

vengence
* Misspelling of vengeance.

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English veneson, this is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛŋəns/

### Noun

vengence
* venison

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 75
# مقتضب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of اِقْتَضَبَ (iqtaḍaba, “to abbreviate”), form-VIII verb of the root ق ض ب (q ḍ b).

### Adjective

مُقْتَضَب • (muqtaḍab) (feminine مُقْتَضَبَة (muqtaḍaba), masculine plural مُقْتَضَبُونَ (muqtaḍabūna), feminine plural مُقْتَضَبَات (muqtaḍabāt))
* brief, concise
* improvised, offhand