# iaceo
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* jaceō (chiefly New Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakēō. Stative counterpart of iaciō (“to throw”). The meaning must have shifted from “I am thrown down” to “I lie”.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈi̯a.ke.oː/, [ˈi̯äkeoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈja.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈjäːt͡ʃeo]

### Verb

iaceō (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, supine iacitum); second conjugation, no passive
* to lie prostrate, lie down; recline
    Synonym: cubō
** Cur in terra iaces? — “Why are you lying on the ground?”
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.218:pauper ubīque iacetand everywhere the poor man lies prostrated
* to be sick, lie ill
    Synonyms: aegrōtō, cubō
    Antonym: valeō
* to linger, stop, tarry, remain
* to be placed or situated, lie
* to be low, flat or level
* to lie still
* to have fallen, lie dead
* to lie in ruins
* to hang down loose
* (of the face or eyes) to be fixed on the ground or cast down
* to be indolent, idle or inactive
    Synonyms: langueō, dēsideō, vacō, cessō, resideō, sileō, conquiēscō
* to be of no avail, lie dormant or abandoned
* to lodge, dwell, abide
    Synonyms: obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, habitō, subsīdō, resideō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō
* to lie overthrown; to be refuted, fail; to be despised
* (of speech or language) to be languid, dull or lifeless

#### Derived terms

* adiaceō
* circumiaceō
* interiaceō
* obiaceō
* praeiaceō
* subiaceō
* subteriaceō
* superiaceō

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: jachere, jaghere, giaghere
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: dzac, dzãtseari, dzatsiri
** Istro-Romanian: zåc
** Megleno-Romanian: zac, zățeari
** Romanian: zăcea, zăcere
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: giacere
** Sicilian: jàciri, iàciri
** Venetan: xaser
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: jessi
** Romansch: giaschair, scher
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: jere, jore
** Old Catalan: jaure
*** Catalan: jaure, jeure
** Old French: gesir
*** Bourguignon: gizai
*** Middle French: gesir
**** French: gésir
*** ⇒ English: gist
*** ⇒ Old French: giste
**** French: gîte
**** → English: joist
** Old Occitan: jazer
*** Occitan: jàser, jaire, jaguer
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: chacer
** Old Galician-Portuguese: jazer
*** Galician: xacer
*** Portuguese: jazer
** Old Spanish: yazer
*** Spanish: yacer
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: iacilium
** Italian: giaciglio
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: iacium
** Occitan: jatz
*** → French: jas
* Borrowings:
** → Interlingua: jacer

### References

* “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* iaceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb: litterae iacent, neglectae iacent philosophy is neglected, at low ebb: philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...) to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio) the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle: pecunia iacet otiosa the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet) (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11) (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN