# gula
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɡjuːlə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡ(j)ulə/
* Homophone: gular (non-rhotic)
* Rhymes: -uːlə
* Hyphenation: gul‧a

### Noun

gula (plural gulas or gulae)
* The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
* (zoology) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
* (architecture) A capping moulding; a cymatium.

#### Derived terms

* gular
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “gula”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* Agul, Gaul, ugal

## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit गुल (gula​, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡula/
* Hyphenation: gu‧la

### Noun

gula
* sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

## Dharug
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kula/

### Noun

gula
* koala

## Gamilaraay
### Noun

gula
* fork

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡú.làː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ɡʷʊ́.làː]

### Noun

gulā̀ f (plural gulōlī, possessed form gulàr̃)
* a kind of drumstick with a large head (for beating drums)

#### See also

* firya
* makaɗi

## Iban
### Etymology

From Sanskrit गुल (gula​, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡula/
* Hyphenation: gu‧la

### Noun

gula
* sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From gulur (“yellow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʏːla/
* Rhymes: -ʏːla

### Noun

gula f (genitive singular gulu, no plural)
* jaundice

#### Declension
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses​”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈɡula/ [ˈɡu.la]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: gu‧la

### Noun

gula (uncountable)
* sugar

#### Affixations

* bergula (“sugared; sugary”)
* gula-gula (“candy”)
* gulai (“to sugar, add sugar”)
* menggula (“to become sugar”)
* pergulaan

#### Compounds

* gula alkohol (“sugar alcohol”)
* gula anggur (“grape sugar”)
* gula aren (“palm sugar”)
* gula balok (“sugar cube”)
* gula barli (“barley sugar”)
* gula batu (“rock sugar”)
* gula bit (“beet sugar”)
* gula buah (“fruit sugar”)
* gula bubuk (“powdered sugar”)
* gula cakar (“a type of sugar of Majalengka”)
* gula coklat (“brown sugar”)
* gula darah (“blood sugar”)
* gula darah sewaktu (“random glucose test”)
* gula derawa (“sugar water”)
* gula invert (“invert sugar”)
* gula jagung (“corn sugar”)
* gula jawa (“palm sugar”)
* gula kastor (“caster sugar”)
* gula kelapa (“coconut sugar”)
* gula kubus (“cube sugar”)
* gula kurma (“date sugar”)
* gula malt (“malt sugar”)
* gula meja (“table sugar”)
* gula merah (“palm sugar”)
* gula nyiur (“coconut sugar”)
* gula otak (“brain sugar”)
* gula palma (“palm sugar”)
* gula pasir (“granulated sugar”)
* gula pereduksi (“reducing sugar”)
* gula semut (“palm sugar”)
* gula susu (“milk sugar”)
* gula tarik (“sweetmeat”)
* gula tebu (“cane sugar”)
* gula tetes (“molasses”)

### Further reading

* “gula” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

gula
* Romanization of ꦒꦸꦭ

## Laboya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡuːla]

### Noun

gula
* sugar

### References

* Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “gula”, in Lamboya word list‎, Leiden: LexiRumah

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷoleh₂, from *gʷel- (“throat”).
Cognate with Bengali গলা (gola, “throat”), Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-), Russian глотка (glotka, “throat”), Persian گلو (“throat”), Urdu گلا (“throat”) and Northern Kurdish gewrî, gerû (“throat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡu.la/, [ˈɡʊɫ̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡu.la/, [ˈɡuːlä]

### Noun

gula f (genitive gulae); first declension
* (anatomy) gullet, throat, palate
    Synonyms: faucēs, rūmen, frūmen, guttur
* gluttony, greediness

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* gulōsus
* dēgulō

#### Related terms

* gluttiō

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: gurã
* Catalan: gola
* Corsican: gola, vola
* Dalmatian: gaula
* Old Francoprovençal: gola
** Franco-Provençal: gola
*** Savoyard: guèla
** Bressan: gueula
* Old French: goule, guele
** Middle French: gueule
*** French: gueule, French: goulu, goule (dialectal)
** Angevin: goule
** Norman: dgeule, goule
** Picard: dgeule (Amiens)
** → Middle English: golet
*** English: gullet
*** ⇒ English: gully
**** → French: gollé
**** → German: Gully
* Friulian: gole
* Galician: gola
* Italian: gola
* Lombard: gola, gora
* Megleno-Romanian: gură
* Portuguese: gola, ⇒ goela (from the diminutive *gulella)
* → Portuguese: gula
* Romanian: gură
* Romansch: gula
* Sicilian: gula, ula
* Spanish: gola
* → Spanish: gula
* Venetan: goła, gola
* Walloon: gueuye
* Byzantine Greek: γούλα (goúla)
* Greek: γουλιά (gouliá)

### References

* “gula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* gula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”). The Sanskrit equivalent is मधुरं (madhuraṃ, “sugar”).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /ɡulə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /ɡula/
* Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə

### Noun

gula (Jawi spelling ݢولا, plural gula, informal 1st possessive gulaku, 2nd possessive gulamu, 3rd possessive gulanya)
* sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

#### Synonyms

* sakar / ساکر

#### Derived terms

* bergula (“to contain sugar”)
* gula kapas (“cotton candy”)
* gula melaka (“palm sugar”)
* gula-gula
* menggula
* menggulakan (“to add sugar, to sugar”)
* pengulaan

### Further reading

* “gula” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Verb

-gula
* to be sick/ill

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈkula/

### Verb

gula
* inflection of gullat:
** present indicative connegative
** second-person singular imperative
** imperative connegative

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* gule (for the verbs)

### Etymology 1

From gul (“gust of wind”).

#### Verb

gula (present tense gular, past tense gula, past participle gula, passive infinitive gulast, present participle gulande, imperative gula/gul)
* to blow (slowly)

### Etymology 2

From gul (“yellow”).

#### Verb

gula (present tense gular, past tense gula, past participle gula, passive infinitive gulast, present participle gulande, imperative gula/gul)
* to yellow

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

gula f
* definite singular of gule

### References

* “gula” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses​”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡu.la/
* Rhymes: -la
* Hyphenation: gu‧la

### Noun

gula
* sugar
* syrup

#### Derived terms

* gula-gula
* gulana
* maṅgula
* gula drawa
* gula gaṇṭi
* gula gumantuṅ
* gula rāga
* gula wuluh
* gula wĕṇṭah
* ḍaṇḍaṅ gula

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦒꦸꦭ (gula)
* → Balinese: ᬕᬸᬮ (gula)

### Further reading

* "gula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

gula f (genitive gulu)
* Alternative form of gola

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

gula
* inflection of gulr:
** strong feminine accusative singular
** strong masculine accusative plural
** weak masculine oblique singular
** weak feminine nominative singular
** weak neuter singular

#### Noun

gula
* indefinite genitive plural of gul

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gula”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡu.la/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈɡu.la/
** (Central Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈɡu.la/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈɡu.la/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: gu‧la
* Homophone: Gula

### Etymology 1

A variant of kula.

#### Noun

gula f
* (colloquial) bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)

#### Noun

gula f (male equivalent gularz)
* (Poznań, Kuyavia) female turkey (bird)
    Synonym: indyczka
    Alternative form: guła

##### Declension
#### Interjection

gula
* (Far Masovian) used to call turkeys
    Synonyms: gulda, gulu

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

gula m animal
* genitive/accusative singular of gul

### Further reading

* gula in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gula in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “gula”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 271
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “gula”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 109

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gula. Doublet of gola.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡu.lɐ/
* Rhymes: -ulɐ
* Hyphenation: gu‧la

### Noun

gula f (plural gulas)
* gluttony

#### Related terms

* gulodice
* guloso

## Rohingya
### Noun

gula
* fruit

## Romansch
### Etymology

From Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).

### Noun

gula f (plural gulas)
* (anatomy) throat
* (Surmiran) desire, craving, appetite, lust, pleasure, fancy

#### Derived terms

* (Puter, Vallader) gulacotschen
* (Surmiran) gulard

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gula. Compare the inherited doublet gola.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡula/ [ˈɡu.la]
* Rhymes: -ula
* Syllabification: gu‧la

### Noun

gula f (plural gulas)
* gluttony (habit of eating in excess)
    Synonym: glotonería
* gourmandizing

#### Related terms

* goloso

### Further reading

* “gula”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit गुल (gula).

### Noun

gula (Sundanese script ᮌᮥᮜ)
* sugar

## Swazi
### Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Verb

-gula
* to be sick/ill

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse gulr (“yellow”), similar to Faroese gule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ɡʉː.ˌla/
* Rhymes: -²ʉːla

### Adjective

gula
* inflection of gul:
** definite singular
** plural

### Noun

gula c
* a yolk (the yellow of an egg)
    Synonym: äggula

#### Declension
### References

* gula in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gula in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gula in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Waigali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuˈla/

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

gula (Nisheigram)
* fat

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gula (Nisheigram)
* terrace

## Xhosa
### Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Verb

-gula
* to be sick/ill

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Verb

-gula
* (intransitive) to be sick/ill
* (transitive) to skim/scrape together
* (intransitive) to lean, to slant

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugula | ukungaguli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gula | -gule |
| Plural | gulani | -guleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagula, ngigula | engigulayo, engigula | ngigula | angiguli | engingaguli | ngingaguli |
| 2nd singular | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli |
| 1st plural | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli |
| 2nd plural | niyagula, nigula | enigulayo, enigula | nigula | aniguli | eningaguli | ningaguli |
| Class 1 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | egula | akaguli | ongaguli | engaguli |
| Class 2 | bayagula, bagula | abagulayo, abagula | begula | abaguli | abangaguli | bengaguli |
| Class 3 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli |
| Class 4 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli |
| Class 5 | liyagula, ligula | eligulayo, eligula | ligula | aliguli | elingaguli | lingaguli |
| Class 6 | ayagula, agula | agulayo, agula | egula | awaguli | angaguli | engaguli |
| Class 7 | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli |
| Class 8 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli |
| Class 9 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli |
| Class 10 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli |
| Class 11 | luyagula, lugula | olugulayo, olugula | lugula | aluguli | olungaguli | lungaguli |
| Class 14 | buyagula, bugula | obugulayo, obugula | bugula | abuguli | obungaguli | bungaguli |
| Class 15 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli |
| Class 17 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigulile, ngigulē | engigulile, engigulē | ngigulile, ngigulē | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga |
| 2nd singular | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga |
| 1st plural | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga |
| 2nd plural | nigulile, nigulē | enigulile, enigulē | nigulile, nigulē | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga |
| Class 1 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | egulile, egulē | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga |
| Class 2 | bagulile, bagulē | abagulile, abagulē | begulile, begulē | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga |
| Class 3 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga |
| Class 4 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga |
| Class 5 | ligulile, ligulē | eligulile, eligulē | ligulile, ligulē | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga |
| Class 6 | agulile, agulē | agulile, agulē | egulile, egulē | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga |
| Class 7 | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga |
| Class 8 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga |
| Class 9 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga |
| Class 10 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga |
| Class 11 | lugulile, lugulē | olugulile, olugulē | lugulile, lugulē | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga |
| Class 14 | bugulile, bugulē | obugulile, obugulē | bugulile, bugulē | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga |
| Class 15 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga |
| Class 17 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgula | engāgula | ngāgula | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga |
| 1st plural | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgula | enāgula | nāgula | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga |
| Class 1 | wāgula | owāgula | āgula | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga |
| Class 2 | bāgula | abāgula | bāgula | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga |
| Class 3 | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga |
| Class 4 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga |
| Class 5 | lāgula | elāgula | lāgula | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga |
| Class 6 | āgula | āgula | āgula | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga |
| Class 7 | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga |
| Class 8 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga |
| Class 9 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga |
| Class 10 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgula | olwāgula | lwāgula | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga |
| Class 14 | bāgula | obāgula | bāgula | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagula | — | ngingagula | ngingegule | — | ngingegule |
| 2nd singular | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule |
| 1st plural | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule |
| 2nd plural | ningagula | — | ningagula | ningegule | — | ningegule |
| Class 1 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule |
| Class 2 | bangagula | — | bengagula | bangegule | — | bengegule |
| Class 3 | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule |
| Class 4 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule |
| Class 5 | lingagula | — | lingagula | lingegule | — | lingegule |
| Class 6 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule |
| Class 7 | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule |
| Class 8 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule |
| Class 9 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule |
| Class 10 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule |
| Class 11 | lungagula | — | lungagula | lungegule | — | lungegule |
| Class 14 | bungagula | — | bungagula | bungegule | — | bungegule |
| Class 15 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule |
| Class 17 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogula | engizogula | ngizogula | angizugula | engingezugula | ngingezugula |
| 2nd singular | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | ongezugula | ungezugula |
| 1st plural | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | esingezugula | singezugula |
| 2nd plural | nizogula | enizogula | nizogula | anizugula | eningezugula | ningezugula |
| Class 1 | uzogula | ozogula | ezogula | akazugula | ongezugula | engezugula |
| Class 2 | bazogula | abazogula | bezogula | abazugula | abangezugula | bengezugula |
| Class 3 | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | ongezugula | ungezugula |
| Class 4 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | engezugula | ingezugula |
| Class 5 | lizogula | elizogula | lizogula | alizugula | elingezugula | lingezugula |
| Class 6 | azogula | azogula | ezogula | awazugula | angezugula | engezugula |
| Class 7 | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | esingezugula | singezugula |
| Class 8 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | ezingezugula | zingezugula |
| Class 9 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | engezugula | ingezugula |
| Class 10 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | ezingezugula | zingezugula |
| Class 11 | luzogula | oluzogula | luzogula | aluzugula | olungezugula | lungezugula |
| Class 14 | buzogula | obuzogula | buzogula | abuzugula | obungezugula | bungezugula |
| Class 15 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | okungezugula | kungezugula |
| Class 17 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | okungezugula | kungezugula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogula | engiyogula | ngiyogula | angiyugula | engingeyugula | ngingeyugula |
| 2nd singular | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | ongeyugula | ungeyugula |
| 1st plural | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | esingeyugula | singeyugula |
| 2nd plural | niyogula | eniyogula | niyogula | aniyugula | eningeyugula | ningeyugula |
| Class 1 | uyogula | oyogula | eyogula | akayugula | ongeyugula | engeyugula |
| Class 2 | bayogula | abayogula | beyogula | abayugula | abangeyugula | bengeyugula |
| Class 3 | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | ongeyugula | ungeyugula |
| Class 4 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | engeyugula | ingeyugula |
| Class 5 | liyogula | eliyogula | liyogula | aliyugula | elingeyugula | lingeyugula |
| Class 6 | ayogula | ayogula | eyogula | awayugula | angeyugula | engeyugula |
| Class 7 | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | esingeyugula | singeyugula |
| Class 8 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | ezingeyugula | zingeyugula |
| Class 9 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | engeyugula | ingeyugula |
| Class 10 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | ezingeyugula | zingeyugula |
| Class 11 | luyogula | oluyogula | luyogula | aluyugula | olungeyugula | lungeyugula |
| Class 14 | buyogula | obuyogula | buyogula | abuyugula | obungeyugula | bungeyugula |
| Class 15 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | okungeyugula | kungeyugula |
| Class 17 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | okungeyugula | kungeyugula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigule | ngingaguli |
| 2nd singular | ugule | ungaguli |
| 1st plural | sigule | singaguli |
| 2nd plural | nigule | ningaguli |
| Class 1 | agule | angaguli |
| Class 2 | bagule | bangaguli |
| Class 3 | ugule | ungaguli |
| Class 4 | igule | ingaguli |
| Class 5 | ligule | lingaguli |
| Class 6 | agule | angaguli |
| Class 7 | sigule | singaguli |
| Class 8 | zigule | zingaguli |
| Class 9 | igule | ingaguli |
| Class 10 | zigule | zingaguli |
| Class 11 | lugule | lungaguli |
| Class 14 | bugule | bungaguli |
| Class 15 | kugule | kungaguli |
| Class 17 | kugule | kungaguli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagula | ngangagula, angagula, angangagula |
| 2nd singular | wagula | wangagula, awagula, awangagula |
| 1st plural | sagula | sangagula, asagula, asangagula |
| 2nd plural | nagula | nangagula, anagula, anangagula |
| Class 1 | wagula | wangagula, akagula, akangagula |
| Class 2 | bagula | bangagula, abagula, abangagula |
| Class 3 | wagula | wangagula, awagula, awangagula |
| Class 4 | yagula | yangagula, ayagula, ayangagula |
| Class 5 | lagula | langagula, alagula, alangagula |
| Class 6 | agula | angagula, awagula, awangagula |
| Class 7 | sagula | sangagula, asagula, asangagula |
| Class 8 | zagula | zangagula, azagula, azangagula |
| Class 9 | yagula | yangagula, ayagula, ayangagula |
| Class 10 | zagula | zangagula, azagula, azangagula |
| Class 11 | lwagula | lwangagula, alwagula, alwangagula |
| Class 14 | bagula | bangagula, abagula, abangagula |
| Class 15 | kwagula | kwangagula, akwagula, akwangagula |
| Class 17 | kwagula | kwangagula, akwagula, akwangagula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gula (6.3)”