# harmonia
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἁρμονίᾱ (harmoníā). Doublet of harmony.

### Noun

harmonia (plural harmoniai)
* (music) A harmonic mode in ancient Greek music, characterized by a particular set of chords and rhythmic patterns.
** 1949, Harry Partch, Genesis of a Music: Monophony: the Relation of Its Music to Historic and Contemporary Trends; Its Philosophy, Concepts, and Principles; Its Relation to Historic and Proposed Intonations; and Its Application to Musical Instruments, The University of Wisconsin Press, pages 320 and 323:[…] concerning the ancient Greek harmoniai, or modes, in the diatonic genus. […] degree signify the harmonia in which it appears and what degree it represents; for instance, “D-2” means that this ratio—11/10—is the second degree (ascending) in the Dorian harmonia.
** 1991, 1/1: The Quarterly Journal of the Just Intonation Network, pages 4 and 5:In the case of Mixolydian harmonia, the framework chord is $^1$⁄$_1$, $^{14}$⁄$_{11}$, $^{14}$⁄$_{10}$, and $^2$⁄$_1$. […] while the various diatonic harmoniai are modes of each other, this is not true of the other two genera, which are uniquely derived from their corresponding diatonic forms.
** 1993, John H. Chalmers, Jr., Divisions of the Tetrachord: A Prolegomenon to the Construction of Musical Scales, →ISBN, page 146:In 1935, Hamilton trained a chamber orchestra in Stuttgart to perform in the harmoniai.
** 1999, Thomas J. Mathiesen, Apollo’s Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 183:While Pollux attributed to Diodorus of Thebes the expansion of the aulos beyond four trupemata, Athenaeus and Pausanias refer to Pronomus of Thebes as the one who developed an aulos that was capable of playing aulema in Dorian, Phrygian, or Lydian harmoniai. In his description of a statue of Pronomus in Boeotia, Pausanias observes: For a time, auletes had three types of auloi. They played Dorian aulema on one, different auloi were made for pieces in the Phrygian harmonia, and the so-called Lydian aulema was played on other auloi.
** 2020, Edward Nowacki, Greek and Latin Music Theory: Principles and Challenges, University of Rochester Press, →ISBN, page 18:That rhythm was somehow implicated in the identity of the harmoniai is suggested in Aristotle’s anecdote about the composer Philoxenus, who attempted to compose a dithyramb, The Mysians, in the Dorian harmonia, but was unable to do so.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ər.muˈni.ə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aɾ.moˈni.a]

### Noun

harmonia f (plural harmonies)
* harmony

#### Related terms

* harmònic

### Further reading

* “harmonia” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “harmonia”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “harmonia” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “harmonia” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From harmonio (“harmony”) +‎ -a (adjectival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [harmoˈnia]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: har‧mo‧ni‧a

### Adjective

harmonia (accusative singular harmonian, plural harmoniaj, accusative plural harmoniajn)
* harmonious

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑrmoniɑ/, [ˈhɑ̝rmo̞ˌniɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iɑ
* Hyphenation: har‧mo‧nia

### Etymology 1

From Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

#### Noun

harmonia
* harmony

##### Declension

Possessive forms of harmonia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harmoniani
harmoniani
accusative
nom.
harmoniani
harmoniani
gen.
harmoniani
genitive
harmoniani
harmonioideni harmonioitteni harmoniaini $^{rare}$
partitive
harmoniaani
harmonioitani
inessive
harmoniassani
harmonioissani
elative
harmoniastani
harmonioistani
illative
harmoniaani
harmonioihini
adessive
harmoniallani
harmonioillani
ablative
harmonialtani
harmonioiltani
allative
harmonialleni
harmonioilleni
essive
harmonianani
harmonioinani
translative
harmoniakseni
harmonioikseni
abessive
harmoniattani
harmonioittani
instructive
comitative
—harmonioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harmoniasi
harmoniasi
accusative
nom.
harmoniasi
harmoniasi
gen.
harmoniasi
genitive
harmoniasi
harmonioidesi harmonioittesi harmoniaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
harmoniaasi
harmonioitasi
inessive
harmoniassasi
harmonioissasi
elative
harmoniastasi
harmonioistasi
illative
harmoniaasi
harmonioihisi
adessive
harmoniallasi
harmonioillasi
ablative
harmonialtasi
harmonioiltasi
allative
harmoniallesi
harmonioillesi
essive
harmonianasi
harmonioinasi
translative
harmoniaksesi
harmonioiksesi
abessive
harmoniattasi
harmonioittasi
instructive
comitative
—harmonioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harmoniamme
harmoniamme
accusative
nom.
harmoniamme
harmoniamme
gen.
harmoniamme
genitive
harmoniamme
harmonioidemme harmonioittemme harmoniaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
harmoniaamme
harmonioitamme
inessive
harmoniassamme
harmonioissamme
elative
harmoniastamme
harmonioistamme
illative
harmoniaamme
harmonioihimme
adessive
harmoniallamme
harmonioillamme
ablative
harmonialtamme
harmonioiltamme
allative
harmoniallemme
harmonioillemme
essive
harmonianamme
harmonioinamme
translative
harmoniaksemme
harmonioiksemme
abessive
harmoniattamme
harmonioittamme
instructive
comitative
—harmonioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harmonianne
harmonianne
accusative
nom.
harmonianne
harmonianne
gen.
harmonianne
genitive
harmonianne
harmonioidenne harmonioittenne harmoniainne $^{rare}$
partitive
harmoniaanne
harmonioitanne
inessive
harmoniassanne
harmonioissanne
elative
harmoniastanne
harmonioistanne
illative
harmoniaanne
harmonioihinne
adessive
harmoniallanne
harmonioillanne
ablative
harmonialtanne
harmonioiltanne
allative
harmoniallenne
harmonioillenne
essive
harmoniananne
harmonioinanne
translative
harmoniaksenne
harmonioiksenne
abessive
harmoniattanne
harmonioittanne
instructive
comitative
—harmonioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harmoniansa
harmoniansa
accusative
nom.
harmoniansa
harmoniansa
gen.
harmoniansa
genitive
harmoniansa
harmonioidensa harmonioittensa harmoniainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
harmoniaansa
harmonioitaan harmonioitansa
inessive
harmoniassaan harmoniassansa
harmonioissaan harmonioissansa
elative
harmoniastaan harmoniastansa
harmonioistaan harmonioistansa
illative
harmoniaansa
harmonioihinsa
adessive
harmoniallaan harmoniallansa
harmonioillaan harmonioillansa
ablative
harmonialtaan harmonialtansa
harmonioiltaan harmonioiltansa
allative
harmonialleen harmoniallensa
harmonioilleen harmonioillensa
essive
harmonianaan harmonianansa
harmonioinaan harmonioinansa
translative
harmoniakseen harmoniaksensa
harmonioikseen harmonioiksensa
abessive
harmoniattaan harmoniattansa
harmonioittaan harmonioittansa
instructive
comitative
—harmonioineen harmonioinensa :

##### Derived terms

* harmoniikka
* harmoniaoppi
* vokaaliharmonia

#### Further reading

* “harmonia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

harmonia
* partitive singular of harmoni

### Anagrams

* harmiona

## Galician
### Noun

harmonia f (plural harmonias, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of harmonía

### Further reading

* “harmonia” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /harˈmo.ni.a/, [härˈmɔniä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /arˈmo.ni.a/, [ärˈmɔːniä]

### Noun

harmonia f (genitive harmoniae); first declension
* harmony, concordance of sounds
* music, singing, song
* peace, concord

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: harmonia
* → Galician: harmonía
* → Italian: armonia
* → Old French: harmonie
** French: harmonie
*** → Romanian: armonie
*** → Turkish: harmoni, armoni
** → English: harmony
** → Irish: armóin
* → Occitan: armonia
* → Portuguese: harmonia
* → Sicilian: armunìa
* → Spanish: armonía

### References

* “harmonia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “harmonia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* harmonia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “harmonia”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “harmonia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “harmonia”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin harmonia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xarˈmɔɲ.ja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲja
* Syllabification: har‧mon‧ia
* Homophone: Harmonia

### Noun

harmonia f
* (uncountable) harmony (agreement or accord)
    Antonym: dysharmonia
* (uncountable) harmony (pleasing combination of elements, or arrangement of sounds)
    Antonym: dysharmonia
* (uncountable, music) harmony, consonance (agreement; absence of discordance)
    Synonym: harmonika
* (uncountable, prosody) consonance (form of rhyme having the same consonants but different vowels)
* (countable) concertina (musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends)
    Synonyms: harmoszka, koncertyna
* (countable, proscribed) accordion (box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds)
    Synonym: akordeon

#### Derived terms

* harmonijny
* harmonijka

#### Related terms

* harmonijkowy
* harmonijkowo
* harmonijnie
* harmonijność
* harmonika
* harmonista
* harmonistka

### Further reading

* harmonia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* harmonia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* harmonia in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía, “joint, union, agreement, concord of sounds”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aʁ.moˈni.ɐ/ [aɦ.moˈni.ɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /aʁ.moˈni.ɐ/ [aɦ.moˈni.ɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /aɾ.moˈni.ɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aʁ.moˈni.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aɻ.moˈni.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐɾ.muˈni.ɐ/

### Noun

harmonia f (plural harmonias)
* (uncountable) harmony; agreement; accord
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:harmonia
* harmony (pleasing arrangement of sounds)
    Synonyms: melodia, sinfonia
    Antonyms: cacofonia, dissonância, desafinação

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “accord”): See Thesaurus:harmonia

#### Derived terms

* harmonia consonantal
* harmonia vocálica

#### Related terms

* harmônica
* harmônico
* harmônio
* harmonioso
* harmonista
* harmonizador
* harmonizar

### Further reading

* “harmonia” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “harmonia”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “harmonia”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025