# 晦

| 晦 | U+6666, &#26214; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666 |
| ← 晥 [U+6665] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 晧 → [U+6667] |

## Translingual
### Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 6805$_7$, composition ⿰日每)

#### Derived characters

* 𤹾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960
* Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6666

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 晦
* Warring States
* Chu slip and silk script
| | Old Chinese |
| 脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
| 海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
| 毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
| 呣 | *mɯ |
| 拇 | *mɯʔ |
| 母 | *mɯʔ |
| 胟 | *mɯʔ |
| 姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
| 畮 | *mɯʔ |
| 踇 | *mɯʔ |
| 苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
| 莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
| 鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 毋 | *ma |
| 梅 | *mɯː |
| 酶 | *mɯː |
| 鋂 | *mɯː |
| 每 | *mɯːʔ |
| 毎 | *mɯːs |
| 痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
| 晦 | *hmɯːs |
| 誨 | *hmɯːs |
| 悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
| 霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

### Etymology

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huì (hui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fui$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùi
* Eastern Min (BUC): huói
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hòe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
*** Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fui$^3$
*** Yale: fui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùi
*** Hakka Romanization System: fui$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu̯i¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huói
*** Sinological IPA : /hui²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
*** Tâi-lô: huè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
*** Sinological IPA : /hue²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: xwojH
Rime :
| Character | 晦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 荒内切 |
| Baxter | xwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xuᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xuɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fui$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 晦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁək-s/ |
| English | last day of a moon; dark |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 晦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9315 |
| Phonetic component | 母 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*hmɯːs/ |

### Definitions

晦
* last day of a lunar month
* dark, unclear, obscure
* night
* 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
* → Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
* → Vietnamese: hối (晦)

### Compounds

* 嚮晦 / 向晦
* 悖晦 (bèihui)
* 昏晦
* 晦冥 (huìmíng)
* 晦在
* 晦日 (huìrì)
* 晦明 (huìmíng)
* 晦昧
* 晦暗 (huì'àn)
* 晦暝 (huìmíng)
* 晦朔 (huìshuò)
* 晦氣 / 晦气 (huìqì)
* 晦澀 / 晦涩 (huìsè)
* 晦盲
* 晦瞑
* 晦紋 / 晦纹
* 晦蒙
* 晦跡 / 晦迹
* 月晦
* 老背晦
* 肉眼愚晦
* 背晦 (bèihui)
* 遵時養晦 / 遵时养晦
* 遵養時晦 / 遵养时晦
* 陰晦 / 阴晦 (yīnhuì)
* 隱晦 / 隐晦 (yǐnhuì)
* 雺晦
* 霾晦
* 青白晦氣 / 青白晦气
* 韜光養晦 / 韬光养晦 (tāoguāngyǎnghuì)
* 韜晦 / 韬晦 (tāohuì)
* 顯晦 / 显晦
* 風雨如晦 / 风雨如晦 (fēngyǔrúhuì)
* 風雨晦冥 / 风雨晦冥
* 養晦 / 养晦 (yǎnghuì)

### References

* “晦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 晦󠄂 晦+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 晦 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: つごもり (tsugomori, 晦)、くらい (kurai, 晦い)、くらます (kuramasu, 晦ます)、くらむ (kuramu, 晦む)

#### Compounds

* 晦日(みそか) (misoka)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 晦
* かい Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/kʷai/ → /kai/
From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH).

#### Affix

晦(かい) • (kai)
* end of the month
* dark, darkened
* obscure, unknown
* conceal, hide

##### Derived terms

* 晦(かい)朔(さく) (kaisaku)
* 晦(かい)日(じつ) (kaijitsu)
* 晦(かい)渋(じゅう) (kaijū)
* 晦(かい)晴(せい) (kaisei)
* 晦(かい)蔵(ぞう) (kaizō)
* 晦(かい)匿(とく) (kaitoku)
* 晦(かい)冥(めい) (kaimei)
* 暗(あん)晦(かい) (ankai)
* 湮(いん)晦(かい), 堙(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
* 陰(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
* 顕(けん)晦(かい) (kenkai)
* 昏(こん)晦(かい) (konkai)
* 朔(さっ)晦(かい) (sakkai)
* 時(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
* 自(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
* 韜(とう)晦(かい) (tōkai)

#### Noun

晦(かん) • (kan)
* a darkening of the sky
* something unclear or obscure
* the last day of a (lunar) month

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 晦
* つごもり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 晦日
Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つごもり [tsùgómórí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨɡo̞mo̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori)
* (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
* (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

##### Coordinate terms

Lunar phases in Japanese · 月(げっ)相(そう) (gessō) :
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| 新(にい)月(づき) (niizuki) 新(しん)月(げつ) (shingetsu) 朔(さく) (saku) 朔(さく)月(げつ) (sakugetsu) 月(つき)立(たち) (tsukitachi) | 二(ふつ)日(か)月(づき) (futsukazuki) 繊(せん)月(げつ) (sengetsu) 既(き)朔(さく) (kisaku) | 三(み)日(か)月(づき) (mikazuki) 若(わか)月(づき) (wakazuki) 眉(び)月(げつ) (bigetsu) 眉(まゆ)月(づき) (mayuzuki) | 四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (yokkazuki) | 五(いつ)日(か)月(づき) (itsukazuki) |
| 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
| 六(むい)日(か)月(づき) (muikazuki) | 七(なの)日(か)月(づき) (nanokazuki) | 八(よう)日(か)月(づき) (yōkazuki) | 九(く)夜(や)月(づき) (kuyazuki) 九(ここの)日(か)月(つき) (kokonokatsuki) | 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) |
| 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) ||
| 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th |
| 十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (jūichinichizuki) | 十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (jūninichizuki) | 十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (jūsan'ya) | 十(じゅう)四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (jūyokkazuki) 小(こ)望(もち)月(づき) (komochizuki) 幾(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 待(まつ)宵(よい)月(づき) (matsuyoizuki) | 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や) (jūgoya) 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や)の月(つき) (jūgoya no tsuki) 望(ぼう) (bō) 望(もち)月(づき) (mochizuki) 満(まん)月(げつ) (mangetsu) 三(さん)五(ご)の月(つき) (sango no tsuki) |
| 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
| 十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi) 十六夜(いざよい)の月(つき) (izayoi no tsuki) 既(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 猶予(いざよう)月(つき) (izayōtsuki) | 立(たち)待(まち)月(づき) (tachimachizuki) | 居(い)待(まち)月(づき) (imachizuki) | 寝(ね)待(まち)月(づき) (nemachizuki) 臥(ふし)待(まち)月(づき) (fushimachizuki) | 二十(はつ)日(か)月(づき) (hatsukazuki) 更(ふけ)待(まち)月(づき) (fukemachizuki) 亥(い)中(なか)の月(つき) (inaka no tsuki) |
| 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūninichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (nijūsan'ya) 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūsannichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)四(よ)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūyonichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) ||
| 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 三十(みそ)日(か) (misoka) 三十(みそ)日(か)月(づき) (misokazuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūhachinichizuki) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) |
| Others |||||
| After 16th | In rain | | | |
| 残(ざん)月(げつ) (zangetsu) 有(あり)明(あけ)の月(つき) (ariake no tsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(つき) (ariaketsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ) (ariake) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づく)夜(よ) (ariakezukuyo) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づき)夜(よ) (ariakezukiyo) 昼(ひる)の月(つき) (hiru no tsuki) 暁(あかつき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatsukizukuyo) 暁(あかとき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatokizukuyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき)夜(よ) (akatsukizukiyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき) (akatsukizuki) 暁(あかとき)月(づき) (akatokizuki) 暁(ぎょう)月(げつ) (gyōgetsu) | 雨(あま)夜(よ)の月(つき) (amayo no tsuki) | | | |

##### Derived terms

* 晦(つごもり)方(がた) (tsugomorigata)
* 晦(つごもり)蕎(そ)麦(ば) (tsugomorisoba)
* 大(おお)晦(つごもり) (ōtsugomori)
* 小(こつ)晦日(ごもり) (kotsugomori)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 晦
* つもごり Jinmeiyō
* irregular
* Alternative spelling
* 晦日
Alteration of tsugomori above.

#### Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori)
* (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
* (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

##### Derived terms

* 大(おお)晦(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))
* hanja form of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”)

#### Compounds

* 음회 (陰晦, eumhoe)
* 회삭 (晦朔, hoesak)
* 회일 (晦日, hoeil)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói, hòi, hỗi, họi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.