# 杏

| 杏 | U+674F, &#26447; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-674F |
| ← 李 [U+674E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 材 → [U+6750] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杏 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木口 (DR), four-corner 4060$_9$, composition ⿱木口)

#### Derived characters

* 𪵾, 莕

#### See also

* 呆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14461
* Dae Jaweon: page 896, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1160, character 4
* Unihan data for U+674F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 杏 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 杏 | *ɡraːŋʔ |
| 莕 | *ɡraːŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 木 (“wood”) + 口 (“mouth”) – perhaps referring to the tastiness of its fruit.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), but this is unlikely.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xìng (xing$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hen$^4$ / xin$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): hēng
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хын (hɨn, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hang$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hang$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xin$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hen
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hên$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xing$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): hāing
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâing
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): heng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hēng / hěng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^6$ / kêng$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): him$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghan
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^4$
*** Yale: syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (杏兒 / 杏儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìngr
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syìngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shienql
*** Palladius: синр (sinr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hen$^4$ / xin$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xen / xin
*** Sinological IPA : /xən²¹³/, /ɕin²¹³/
* hen4 - vernacular;
* xin4 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit杏 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ³¹²/ /xəŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xəŋ¹³/ /ɕiŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕĩn¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xɤŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕin³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xən¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕin²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕĩ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕin⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕin⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ /ɕie̞³⁵/ ～核 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦã³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦin¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦiɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xɛ²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hen⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɐŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɐŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɛiŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xeŋ³⁵/ 俗 |
* Middle Chinese: haengX
Rime :
| Character | 杏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 何梗切 |
| Baxter | haengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]ˤraŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 杏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[ɡ]ˁraŋʔ/ |
| English | apricot (tree) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13879 |
| Phonetic component | 杏 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 杏 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文可省聲 |

### Definitions

杏
* apricot (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 棵 c)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 杏 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 杏 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 杏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 杏兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 杏兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 杏兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 杏兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 杏兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 杏兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 杏兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 杏 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 杏子, 杏兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 杏兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 杏子, 杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 杏子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 杏子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 杏子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 杏子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 杏子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 杏子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 杏子, 杏兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 杏子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 杏子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 杏子果 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 杏子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 杏子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 杏子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 杏仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 杏 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 杏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 杏子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 杏子 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 杏子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 杏仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 杏 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 杏 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 杏 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 杏 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 杏 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 杏子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 杏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 杏兒 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 杏兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 杏兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 杏兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 杏兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 杏兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 杏 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 杏 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 杏 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 杏 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 杏 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 杏 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 杏子 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 杏 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杏 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 杏子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 杏子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 杏子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 杏子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 杏子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 杏子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 杏梅, 杏兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 杏子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 杏子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 杏 |

### Compounds

* 土杏兒 / 土杏儿
* 巴旦杏 (bādànxìng)
* 望杏瞻榆
* 望杏瞻蒲
* 杏乾兒 / 杏干儿 (xìnggānr)
* 杏仁 (xìngrén)
* 杏仁槽
* 杏仁油 (xìngrényóu)
* 杏仁粉
* 杏仁茶 (xìngrénchá)
* 杏仁豆腐
* 杏壇 / 杏坛 (xìngtán)
* 杏實 / 杏实
* 杏月 (Xìngyuè)
* 杏林 (xìnglín)
* 杏林春暖
* 杏核兒 / 杏核儿
* 杏梅
* 杏眼
* 杏眼圓睜 / 杏眼圆睁
* 杏紅 / 杏红
* 杏脯 (xìngfǔ)
* 杏臉 / 杏脸
* 杏臉桃腮 / 杏脸桃腮
* 杏花 (xìnghuā)
* 杏花村 (xìnghuācūn)
* 杏雨梨雲 / 杏雨梨云
* 杏靨 / 杏靥
* 杏黃 / 杏黄
* 桃羞杏讓 / 桃羞杏让
* 桃腮杏臉 / 桃腮杏脸
* 紅杏出牆 / 红杏出墙 (hóngxìngchūqiáng)
* 紅杏尚書 / 红杏尚书
* 銀杏 / 银杏 (yínxìng)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “杏”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 265.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Tō-on: あん (an)
* Kan’yō-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: あんず (anzu, 杏)
* Nanori: りょう (ryō)

#### Compounds

* 杏(ぎょう)葉(よう) (gyōyō), 杏葉(ぎょよう) (gyoyō)
* 銀(ぎん)杏(なん) (ginnan)
* 杏(アン)子(ズ) (anzu)
* 杏(あん)仁(にん) (annin)
* 銀杏(イチョウ) (ichō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 杏
* きょう Jinmeiyō
* kan'yōon
/kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/
From Middle Chinese 杏 (MC haengX).

#### Affix

杏(きょう) • (kyō)
* apricot

##### Derived terms

* 杏(きょう)花(か) (kyōka)
* 杏(きょう)壇(だん) (kyōdan)
* 杏(きょう)仁(にん) (kyōnin)
* 杏(きょう)林(りん) (kyōrin)
* 銀(ぎん)杏(きょう) (ginkyō)
* 巴(ハ)旦(タン)杏(キョウ) (hatankyō)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)杏(キョウ) (botankyō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 杏
* あんず Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 杏 – see the following entry. :
| 【杏子あんず】 | [noun] an apricot, especially the Armenian plum, Prunus armeniaca Alternative spelling アンズ |
(This term, 杏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

杏 (eumhun 살구 행 (salgu haeng))
* hanja form of 행 (“apricot”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杏: Hán Nôm readings: hạnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.