# muna
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* mun-a
* nguna, ngun-a

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *um-unah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unah.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuʔna/ [ˈmuʔ.n̪a]
* IPA: /muʔˈna/ [muʔˈn̪a]
* Hyphenation: mu‧na

### Particle

mûna or mùna (Basahan spelling ᜋᜓᜈ)
* Used to indicate something to be done for a moment

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

From Old Norse móna, from Proto-Germanic *mōmǭ. Cognate with Icelandic móna, Swedish muna.

### Noun

muna f
* mother, mama

#### Declension
## Ese
### Noun

muna
* stone

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmunɑ/, [ˈmunɑ]
* Hyphenation: mu‧na
* Rhymes: -unɑ

### Noun

muna (genitive muna, partitive muna)
* egg
* (vulgar, in the plural) balls, testicles

#### Derived terms

* kanamuna
* munand
* munn

### References

* “muna”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN

## Faroese
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse muna, from Proto-Germanic *munaną.

#### Verb

muna (third person singular past indicative munaði, third person plural past indicative munaðu, supine munað)
* to keep in one's memory, remember

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

muna (third person singular past indicative munti or munaði, third person plural past indicative muntu or munaðu, supine munað)
* to cause an obvious change or alteration
* to have an effect, make a difference, have an impact
* to have an influence on
* to be sufficient or enough

##### Conjugation
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmunɑ/, [ˈmunɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -unɑ
* Hyphenation: mu‧na

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *muna (“egg; ? penis, testes”), from Proto-Uralic *muna (“egg; ? penis, testes”).

#### Noun

muna
* egg
    Hyponym: kananmuna (“chicken egg”)
** ovum, egg cell
    Synonym: munasolu
** ovoid (something egg-shaped, used especially in compound terms with a modifier that specifies the material)
    Synonym: ovoidi
* Meanings related to male genitalia:
** (vulgar) dick (penis)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:siitin
** (somewhat vulgar, in the plural) testicle(s), ball(s)
    Synonyms: see kives
** (colloquial) guts, balls (courage)
    Synonyms: kantti, pää
    Onko sulla munaa tehdä se?Do you have the balls to do it?

##### Declension

Possessive forms of muna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
munani
munani
accusative
nom.
munani
munani
gen.
munani
genitive
munani
munieni munaini $^{rare}$
partitive
munaani
muniani
inessive
munassani
munissani
elative
munastani
munistani
illative
munaani
muniini
adessive
munallani
munillani
ablative
munaltani
muniltani
allative
munalleni
munilleni
essive
munanani
muninani
translative
munakseni
munikseni
abessive
munattani
munittani
instructive
comitative
—munineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
munasi
munasi
accusative
nom.
munasi
munasi
gen.
munasi
genitive
munasi
muniesi munaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
munaasi
muniasi
inessive
munassasi
munissasi
elative
munastasi
munistasi
illative
munaasi
muniisi
adessive
munallasi
munillasi
ablative
munaltasi
muniltasi
allative
munallesi
munillesi
essive
munanasi
muninasi
translative
munaksesi
muniksesi
abessive
munattasi
munittasi
instructive
comitative
—muninesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
munamme
munamme
accusative
nom.
munamme
munamme
gen.
munamme
genitive
munamme
muniemme munaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
munaamme
muniamme
inessive
munassamme
munissamme
elative
munastamme
munistamme
illative
munaamme
muniimme
adessive
munallamme
munillamme
ablative
munaltamme
muniltamme
allative
munallemme
munillemme
essive
munanamme
muninamme
translative
munaksemme
muniksemme
abessive
munattamme
munittamme
instructive
comitative
—muninemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
munanne
munanne
accusative
nom.
munanne
munanne
gen.
munanne
genitive
munanne
munienne munainne $^{rare}$
partitive
munaanne
munianne
inessive
munassanne
munissanne
elative
munastanne
munistanne
illative
munaanne
muniinne
adessive
munallanne
munillanne
ablative
munaltanne
muniltanne
allative
munallenne
munillenne
essive
munananne
muninanne
translative
munaksenne
muniksenne
abessive
munattanne
munittanne
instructive
comitative
—muninenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
munansa
munansa
accusative
nom.
munansa
munansa
gen.
munansa
genitive
munansa
muniensa munainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
munaansa
muniaan muniansa
inessive
munassaan munassansa
munissaan munissansa
elative
munastaan munastansa
munistaan munistansa
illative
munaansa
muniinsa
adessive
munallaan munallansa
munillaan munillansa
ablative
munaltaan munaltansa
muniltaan muniltansa
allative
munalleen munallensa
munilleen munillensa
essive
munanaan munanansa
muninaan muninansa
translative
munakseen munaksensa
munikseen muniksensa
abessive
munattaan munattansa
munittaan munittansa
instructive
comitative
—munineen muninensa :

##### Derived terms

* -munainen
* munaisa
* munakas
* munata
* munaton
* munia
* munuainen
* alkumuna
* ankanmuna
* hanhenmuna
* kananmuna
* koristemuna
* kultamuna
* kuukunanmuna
* käenmuna
* käärmeenmuna
* linnunmuna
* maamuna
* muna-asento
* munahammas
* munahampurilainen
* munahapero
* munahaukka
* munahedelmä
* munaitiö
* munajauhe
* munajohdin
* munajuusto
* munakalvo
* munakana
* munakastike
* munakello
* munakenno
* munakoiso
* munakokkeli
* munakokoelma
* munakotelo
* munakuppi
* munakäsikranaatti
* munaleikkuri
* munalikööri
* munalisä
* munalukko
* munalusikka
* munamaito
* munamakaroni
* munamankeli
* munanasetin
* munanivel
* munanjohdin
* munankeitin
* munankeltuainen
* munankuori
* munanlasku
* munanleikkuri
* munanlutkuttaja
* munanmittaus
* munanmuotoinen
* munanruskuainen
* munanvalkuainen
* munapasta
* munapesäke
* munapistin
* munapussi
* munapää
* munarakkula
* munarauhanen
* munasampoo
* munasarja
* munashampoo
* munasiitos
* munaskuu
* muna-sokerivaahto
* munasolu
* munasuojat
* munasäkki
* munatiehyt
* munatorttu
* munatorvi
* munatoti
* munavaahto
* munavelli
* munavoi
* munienkeruu
* munitusmuna
* muurahaisenmuna
* mätimuna
* mätämuna
* nahkamuna
* pesämuna
* pääsiäismuna
* sammakonmuna
* silmämuna
* suklaamuna
* surumuna
* sydänmuna
* tuhkamuna
* tuulimuna
* täinmuna
* uppomuna
* viiriäisenmuna

#### Further reading

* “muna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

muna
* (colloquial) essive singular of mä
    Synonym: minuna (standard language)

### Anagrams

* Manu, manu, maun, namu

## Gothic
### Romanization

muna
* Romanization of 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmʏːna/
* Rhymes: -ʏːna

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse muna, from Proto-Germanic *munaną. Cognate with Faroese muna & English mind.

#### Verb

muna (preterite-present verb, third-person singular present indicative man, third-person singular past indicative mundi, supine munað)
* to remember [with accusative]
    Ég man ekki hvað hann heitir.I can’t remember what his name is.
    Ég man ekki.I can’t remember.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Related to munur (“difference”).

#### Verb

muna (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative munaði, supine munað)
* (impersonal) to cause to differ (by a certain margin) [with dative ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "differ" with the dative object as the subject)
* (impersonal) to cause to make a difference [with um (+ accusative) ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "make a difference" with the prepositional object as the subject)

##### Conjugation
## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna. Cognates include Finnish muna and Estonian muna.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈmunɑ/, [ˈmunɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈmunɑ/, [ˈmunɑ]
* Rhymes: -unɑ
* Hyphenation: mu‧na

### Noun

muna
* egg
* testicle
* bump, swelling
* Short for maamuna.
** 1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:Kolhosaas kaivetaa munnaa.In the kolkhoz potatoes are harvested.
* Synonym of tuppu (“bun”)

#### Synonyms

* (bump): muhku, pahko

#### Derived terms

* (diminutive) munain
* emämuna
* kananmuna
* kulkkumuna
* kuvemuna
* latvamuna
* maamuna
* munakakku
* munakooppa
* munalaatka
* munalohko
* munalukku
* munanvalkulain
* munanvarsi
* munapesä
* munapudro
* munita
* munnia
* nahkamuna
* selkämuna
* silmämuna
* sinimuna
* syänmuna
* tedrinmuna
* tulimuna
* varamuna

#### See also

* kellit (“scrotum, testes”)

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 318
* Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 73

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmˠʊnˠə/

### Conjunction

muna
* Alternative form of mura

### Particle

muna (copular form used before consonants, form used before vowels munab)
* Alternative form of mura

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “muna”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “muna”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* munā (Courland)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Noun

muna
* egg

## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Noun

muna
* egg

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic مُونَة (mūna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuː.na/

### Noun

muna f (plural mwejjen)
* food provision

#### Derived terms

* muni

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* mune (e infinitive)

### Etymology

From Old Norse munu.

### Verb

muna (present tense mun, past tense munde, past participle munt, imperative mun)
* (archaic) to be feasible or possible

#### Derived terms

* mun tru

#### Related terms

* minne

### References

* “muna” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *munaną (“to think, consider, remember”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”). Cognate with Old English ġemunan, Old Saxon munan, Old High German munan, Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (munan).

### Verb

muna (singular past indicative mundi, plural past indicative mundu, past participle munaðr)
* to remember
** Vǫluspá, verse 2, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1:
    Ek man jötna / ár um borna, […]I remember giants / born long ago, […]

#### Descendants

* Faroese: muna
* Icelandic: muna

#### See also

* munu

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “muna”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Portuguese
### Verb

muna
* inflection of munir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

muna
* inflection of munir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* mona — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *um-unah (“go first”). Equivalent to apheresis of um- +‎ una. Alternatively, possibly from ma- +‎ una.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmuna/ [ˈmuː.n̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: mu‧na

### Adverb

muna (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ)
* for a while; for a moment; for the time being; a minute (when the nature of the anticipated change is not expressed)
    Puwede bang tumayo ka muna?Can you stand up for a while?
    Teka muna.Wait a minute.
* first (when the nature of the anticipated change is expressed or clearly implied)
    Bago siya mag-aral ng leksiyon, nagbabasa muna siya ng diyaryo.Before he studies his lessons, he reads newspapers first.
* yet (used after negative imperatives and hortatives)
    Huwag ka munang kumain.Don't eat yet.
    Huwag muna tayong umalis.Let's not leave yet.

#### Derived terms

* temuna

#### See also

* balho
* samantala

### Verb

muna (complete nuna, progressive nununa, contemplative uuna, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ) (obsolete)
* Alternative form of umuna: to go first; to go ahead
    Muna ka na.You go ahead.

### Further reading

* “muna”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*unah”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* Schachter, Paul, Otanes, Fe T. (1972) A Tagalog Reference Grammar, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 424

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Noun

muna
* egg

#### Derived terms

* dubmuna
* häčämuna
* munarič
* südäimuna

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “яйцо”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Võro
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Noun

muna (genitive muna, partitive munna)
* egg

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈmunɑ/, [ˈmunɑ]
* Rhymes: -unɑ
* Hyphenation: mu‧na

### Noun

muna
* egg

#### Derived terms

* maamuna

### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## Ye'kwana
### Alternative forms

* muuna (Brazil)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [muna]

### Noun

muna
* the boto or Amazon River dolphin, Inia geoffrensis

#### Descendants

* → Sanumá: mõna

### References

* Costa, Isabella Coutinho, Silva, Marcelo Costa da, Rodrigues, Edmilson Magalhães (2021) “muuna”, in Portal Japiim: Dicionário Ye'kwana‎, Museu do Índio/FUNAI
* Alberto Rodriguez, Nalúa Rosa Silva Monterrey, Hernán Castellanos, et al., editors (2012), “muna”, in Ye’kwana-Sanema Nüchü’tammeküdü Medewadinña Tüwötö’se’totojo [Guidelines for the management of the Ye’kwana and Sanema territories in the Caura River basin in Venezuela]‎ (overall work in Ye'kwana and Spanish), Forest Peoples Programme, →ISBN, page 125
* Lauer, Matthew Taylor (2005) Fertility in Amazonia: Indigenous Concepts of the Human Reproductive Process Among the Ye’kwana of Southern Venezuela‎, Santa Barbara: University of California, page 189: “muna”
* ↑ Colchester, Marcus (1981) “Ecological Modelling and Indigenous Systems of Resource Use: Some Examples from the Amazon of South Venezuela” in Antropologica, volume 55, page 59