# 分別
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fēnbié
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen$^1$ bie$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фынбе (fɨnbi͡ə, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ bit$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-phe̍t
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng-biék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hun-pia̍t / hun-piat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$ biag$^8$ / hung$^1$ biêg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$fen-biq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnbié
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenbié
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-pieh$^2$
*** Yale: fēn-byé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenbye
*** Palladius: фэньбе (fɛnʹbe)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fen$^1$ bie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fenbie
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ piɛ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фынбе (fɨnbi͡ə, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /fəŋ²⁴ piə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ bit$^6$
*** Yale: fān biht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ bit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ bid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ piːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-phe̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˊ$ ped
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^1$ ped$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰet̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-biék
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(p-)}$miɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-pia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: hun-pia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunpiat
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ piɛt̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-piat
*** Tâi-lô: hun-piat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunpiad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛt̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^1$ biag$^8$ / hung$^1$ biêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung pia̍k / hung pie̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ³³⁻²³ piak̚⁴/, /huŋ³³⁻²³ piek̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$fen-biq
*** MiniDict: fen$^平$ bih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$fen-biq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fən⁵⁵ biɪʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjun bjet|pjet
Rime :
| Character | 分 | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 薛 (83) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府文切 | 皮列切 | 方别切 |
| Baxter | pjun | bjet | pjet |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨun/ | /bˠiᴇt̚/ | /pˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piun/ | /bᵚiɛt̚/ | /pᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuən/ | /biæt̚/ | /piæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pun/ | /biat̚/ | /piat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piuən/ | /bjɛt̚/ | /pjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuən/ | /bĭɛt̚/ | /pĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯uən/ | /bʱi̯ɛt̚/ | /pi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēn | bié | bie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ | bit$^6$ | bit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] N-pret|pret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn pred|bred/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 分 | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēn | bié | bié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjun › | ‹ bjet › | ‹ pjet › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə[n]/ | /*N-pret/ | /*pret/ |
| English | divide | be separated (intr.) | separate (tr.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 分 | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3148 | 820 | 821 |
| Phonetic component | 分 | 别 | 别 |
| Rime group | 文 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 分 | 䇷 | 别 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯn/ | /*pred/ | /*bred/ |

### Verb

分別
* to part; to leave each other
* to distinguish; to differentiate
       cóng zuǒ zhì yòu fēnbié wéi...... [Pinyin]
       from left to right are...

#### Synonyms

* (to part):
* 分離 / 分离 (fēnlí)
* 別離 / 别离 (biélí) (literary)
* 離別 / 离别 (líbié)
* (to distinguish):
* 分 (literary, or in compounds)
* 分化 (fēnhuà)
* 分揀 / 分拣 (fēnjiǎn) (literary)
* 分辨 (fēnbiàn)
* 判別 / 判别 (pànbié)
* 別白 / 别白 (biébái) (literary)
* 劃分 / 划分 (huàfēn)
* 區 / 区 (literary, or in compounds)
* 區分 / 区分 (qūfēn)
* 區別 / 区别 (qūbié)
* 區劃 / 区划 (qūhuà) (literary)
* 甄別 / 甄别 (zhēnbié)
* 科別 / 科别 (kēbié) (literary)
* 認 / 认 (rèn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 識別 / 识别 (shíbié)
* 辨別 / 辨别 (biànbié)
* 辨明 (biànmíng)
* 辨析 (biànxī) (to differentiate and analyze)
* 辨白 (biànbái) (literary)
* 辨認 / 辨认 (biànrèn)
* 辨識 / 辨识 (biànshí)
* 鑒別 / 鉴别 (jiànbié)
* 鑒識 / 鉴识 (jiànshí)

### Adverb

分別
* separately
* respectively

### Noun

分別
* difference

#### Synonyms

* 不同 (bùtóng)
* 不同之處 / 不同之处 (bùtóng zhī chù)
* 出入 (chūrù)
* 分界線 / 分界线 (fēnjièxiàn) (figurative)
* 區別 / 区别 (qūbié)
* 差分 (chāfēn)
* 差別 / 差别 (chābié)
* 差異 / 差异 (chāyì)
* 差等 (cīděng) (literary)
* 差距 (chājù)
* 精差 (Hokkien)
* 落差 (luòchā) (typically between reality and one's expectations)
* 誤差 / 误差 (wùchā)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 分別(ふんべつ) (funbetsu)
* → Korean: 분별(分別) (bunbyeol)
* → Vietnamese: phân biệt (分別)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 分 | 別 |
| ぶん Grade: 2 | べつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Noun

分(ぶん)別(べつ) • (bunbetsu)
* sorting, classification

#### Verb

分(ぶん)別(べつ)する • (bunbetsu suru) suru (stem 分(ぶん)別(べつ)し (bunbetsu shi), past 分(ぶん)別(べつ)した (bunbetsu shita))
* sort (separate according to certain criteria), classify

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 分別し | ぶんべつし | bunbetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 分別し | ぶんべつし | bunbetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 分別する | ぶんべつする | bunbetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 分別する | ぶんべつする | bunbetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 分別すれ | ぶんべつすれ | bunbetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 分別せよ¹ 分別しろ² | ぶんべつせよ¹ ぶんべつしろ² | bunbetsu seyo¹ bunbetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 分別される | ぶんべつされる | bunbetsu sareru |
| Causative | 分別させる 分別さす | ぶんべつさせる ぶんべつさす | bunbetsu saseru bunbetsu sasu |
| Potential | 分別できる | ぶんべつできる | bunbetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 分別しよう | ぶんべつしよう | bunbetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 分別しない | ぶんべつしない | bunbetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 分別せず | ぶんべつせず | bunbetsu sezu |
| Formal | 分別します | ぶんべつします | bunbetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 分別した | ぶんべつした | bunbetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 分別して | ぶんべつして | bunbetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 分別すれば | ぶんべつすれば | bunbetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 分 | 別 |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 4 |

#### Noun

分別(ふんべつ) • (funbetsu)
* sense (sound judgement), discretion

##### Derived terms

* 分別盛(ふんべつざか)り (funbetsuzakari)
* 分別(ふんべつ)くさい (funbetsukusai, “prudent-looking”)

#### Verb

分別(ふんべつ)する • (funbetsu suru) suru (stem 分別(ふんべつ)し (funbetsu shi), past 分別(ふんべつ)した (funbetsu shita))
* discern

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 分別し | ふんべつし | funbetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 分別し | ふんべつし | funbetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 分別する | ふんべつする | funbetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 分別する | ふんべつする | funbetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 分別すれ | ふんべつすれ | funbetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 分別せよ¹ 分別しろ² | ふんべつせよ¹ ふんべつしろ² | funbetsu seyo¹ funbetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 分別される | ふんべつされる | funbetsu sareru |
| Causative | 分別させる 分別さす | ふんべつさせる ふんべつさす | funbetsu saseru funbetsu sasu |
| Potential | 分別できる | ふんべつできる | funbetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 分別しよう | ふんべつしよう | funbetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 分別しない | ふんべつしない | funbetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 分別せず | ふんべつせず | funbetsu sezu |
| Formal | 分別します | ふんべつします | funbetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 分別した | ふんべつした | funbetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 分別して | ふんべつして | funbetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 分別すれば | ふんべつすれば | funbetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 分 | 別 |

### Noun

分別 • (bunbyeol) (hangeul 분별)
* hanja form of 분별 (“classification, differentiation; distinction, discernment”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 分 | 別 |

### Verb

分別
* chữ Hán form of phân biệt (“to distinguish, to discriminate, to discern”).