# 桑

| 桑 | U+6851, &#26705; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6851 |
| ← 桐 [U+6850] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桒 → [U+6852] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水水水木 (EEED), four-corner 1790$_4$, composition ⿱叒木)

#### Derived characters

* 嗓, 𪤌, 𡠏, 搡, 𪶽, 𨻗, 𣉕, 𦟄, 槡, 𤌧, 𪼏, 磉, 縔, 𧏠, 褬, 𬧉, 䡦(𬨑), 𨢆, 鎟, 䮣, 𩺞, 𪳫, 㯩, 顙(颡), 𦶿, 𩮧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14772
* Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6851

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桑 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 桒 | *sŋaːŋ |
| 桑 | *sŋaːŋ |
| 磉 | *sŋaːŋʔ |
| 顙 | *sŋaːŋʔ |
| 嗓 | *sŋaːŋʔ |
| 搡 | *sŋaːŋʔ |
Pictogram (象形) of a mulberry tree. What were the shape of the tree's foliage is now 叒

### Etymology 1

Unknown (Schuessler (2007)).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): sāng (sang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄙㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): song$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhong$^1$ / lhong$^{1-4}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): song$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): son$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sorng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng / song
    (Teochew, Peng'im): seng$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): suang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$saon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sang
*** Wade–Giles: sang$^1$
*** Yale: sāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sang
*** Palladius: сан (san)
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: song$^1$
*** Yale: sōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: song$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhong$^1$ / lhong$^{1-4}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ³³/, /ɬɔŋ³³⁻²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: son$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sorng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng / song
*** Tâi-lô: sng / song
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngf, sofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/, /sɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
* sng - vernacular;
* song - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit桑 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /sɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /saŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /sɑŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /saŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /saŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /saŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /saŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /sɔ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /sɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /sɑ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /sɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /saŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /saŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /saŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /sã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /saŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sɑ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /sɑŋ¹³/ /ɕyə¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /sɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /sɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sɑŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /suɔ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /so³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /sau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /san³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sɔn³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /soŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /soŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sɔŋ⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sɯŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /saŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: sang
Rime :
| Character | 桑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 息郎切 |
| Baxter | sang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /saŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | song$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sŋaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 桑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | mulberry tree |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10980 |
| Phonetic component | 桑 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桑 |
| Old Chinese | /*sŋaːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

桑
* mulberry tree
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 桑樹, 桑 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 桑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 桑樹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 桑樹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 桑樹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 桑樹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蠶桑, 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 桑樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 桑杏兒樹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 桑樹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 桑樹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 桑樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 桑葉樹, 桑樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 桑樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 桑樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 桑樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 桑樹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 桑樹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 桑樹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 桑仔樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 桑仔樹 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蠶蟲樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 蠶樹 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 蠶樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 桑 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 桑樹, 蠶桑 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蠶木 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蠶樹 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 桑樹 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 桑樹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 桑樹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 桑樹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 桑仔樹 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 桑 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蠶子樹, 蠶樹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 桑仔樹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 桑仔樹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 桑仔樹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 桑垂樹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 桑仔樹, 蠶樹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 桑樹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 桑仔樹 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 桑木 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 桑樹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 桑葉樹, 桑樹 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 桑樹, 蠶兒樹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 桑樹 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 桑葚樹 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 桑錢樹, 桑樹 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 桑樹 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蠶仔樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蠶繭樹, 蠶繭箬樹, 桑樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 蠶囝樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 桑囝樹 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 蠶囝樹 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 桑樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 桑樹 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 桑樹 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 桑柴 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 桑柴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 桑柴 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 蠶囝樹, 蟲樹 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 娘仔樹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蠶垂, 蠶箬 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 蠶仔樹 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 桑材仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 娘仔樹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 桑材 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 娘仔樹 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 桑材樹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 桑垂樹 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鹽桑仔叢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 桑材 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 桑材 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 桑垂 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 桑樹 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 桑垂樹 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 桑樹 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 桑樹 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 桑 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蠶樹 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 蠶仔樹 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 蠶仔樹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 桑樹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 桑樹, 桑子樹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 桑根, 桑樹 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蠶葉樹 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Danyang | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 桑樹 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 桑葉樹 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 桑葉樹 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 桑葉樹 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 桑葉樹, 桑樹 |

#### Compounds

* 佛桑
* 巴達桑 / 巴达桑
* 扶桑 (fúsāng)
* 扶桑花
* 指桑罵槐 / 指桑骂槐 (zhǐsāngmàhuái)
* 指桑說槐 / 指桑说槐
* 暮景桑榆
* 暴桑
* 東海桑田 / 东海桑田
* 柴桑
* 桑中
* 桑中之約 / 桑中之约
* 桑乾河 / 桑干河 (Sānggānhé)
* 桑乾盆地 / 桑干盆地
* 桑堆 (Sāngduī)
* 桑弧蓬矢
* 桑德斯 (Sāngdésī)
* 桑扈
* 桑拿 (sāngná)
* 桑新婦 / 桑新妇
* 桑柔
* 桑柘
* 桑株 (Sāngzhū)
* 桑梓 (sāngzǐ)
* 桑梓之邦
* 桑榆 (sāngyú)
* 桑榆晚景 (sāngyúwǎnjǐng)
* 桑榆暮影
* 桑榆暮景 (sāngyúmùjǐng)
* 桑榆末景
* 桑樞 / 桑枢
* 桑樞甕牖 / 桑枢瓮牖
* 桑樹 / 桑树 (sāngshù)
* 桑橙 (sāngchéng)
* 桑澗 / 桑涧 (Sāngjiàn)
* 桑琅琅
* 桑田 (sāngtián)
* 桑白皮 (sāngbáipí)
* 桑皮紙 / 桑皮纸
* 桑科
* 桑給巴爾 / 桑给巴尔 (Sāngjǐbā'ěr)
* 桑葚
* 桑落
* 桑落酒
* 桑蓬之志
* 桑那浴
* 桑門 / 桑门
* 桑間之音 / 桑间之音 (sāngjiānzhīyīn)
* 桑間濮上 / 桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
* 桑麻
* 條桑育 / 条桑育
* 歐吉桑 / 欧吉桑 (ōujísāng)
* 歐巴桑 / 欧巴桑 (ōubāsāng)
* 歷盡滄桑 / 历尽沧桑
* 洛桑 (Luòsāng)
* 洛桑公約 / 洛桑公约
* 洛桑會議 / 洛桑会议
* 渤澥桑田
* 滄桑 / 沧桑 (cāngsāng)
* 滄桑之變 / 沧桑之变
* 滄海桑田 / 沧海桑田 (cānghǎisāngtián)
* 濮上桑間 / 濮上桑间
* 甕牖桑樞 / 瓮牖桑枢
* 生桑之夢 / 生桑之梦
* 田月桑時 / 田月桑时
* 白桑關 / 白桑关 (Báisāngguān)
* 研桑心計 / 研桑心计
* 空桑
* 空桑子
* 翳桑餓人 / 翳桑饿人
* 苞桑 (bāosāng)
* 躬桑
* 車桑仔 / 车桑仔
* 農桑 / 农桑 (nóngsāng)
* 鄭衛桑間 / 郑卫桑间
* 阿巴桑
* 陌上桑
* 隰桑
* 雞犬桑麻 / 鸡犬桑麻
* 黃桑棒 / 黄桑棒

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese さん (-san). Compare Min Nan 卡桑 (khà-sàng), 多桑 (tò-sàng), 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng), and 歐吉桑／欧吉桑 (o͘-jí-sáng).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sāng (sang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sang
*** Wade–Giles: sang$^1$
*** Yale: sāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sang
*** Palladius: сан (san)
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

桑
* (Mandarin, ACG, Internet slang) -san

#### Synonyms

* 生 (shēng)

#### Related terms

* 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 君 (jūn, “-kun”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

### References

* “桑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* mulberry

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: くわ (kuwa, 桑, Jōyō)
* Nanori: こ (ko)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 桑
* くわ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/kupa/ → /kuɸa/ → /kuwa/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. From Proto-Japonic *kupa.
Ultimate derivation unclear. Definitely not related to Korean 뽕 (ppong, “mulberry tree”) or 오디 (odi, “mulberry fruit”), nor to Ainu テㇱマニ (tesmani, “mulberry tree”) or ツレㇷ゚ニ (turepni, “mulberry tree”).
Some theories suggest this might have originally been a compound. Possible derivations may include:
* A shift from 蚕葉 (kopa, “silkworm + leaf”)
* A shift from 胡葉 (kopa, “non-Chinese people to the west of China + leaf”), possibly referencing the origin of some mulberry species in central Asia
* A contraction of 食ふ葉 (kupu pa, “eat + leaf”), where kupu is the ancient reading of modern 食う (kuu)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くわ [kúꜜwà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kɯ̟β̞a̠]

#### Noun

桑(くわ) or 桑(クワ) • (kuwa)
* mulberry

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワ.
This term can refer to the fruit or the tree. For greater specificity, the following may be used:
* 桑(くわ)の木(き) (kuwa no ki): mulberry tree
* 桑(くわ)の実(み) (kuwa no mi): mulberry fruit

##### See also

* 桑白皮(そうはくひ) (sōhakuhi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 桑
* そう Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞ː]

#### Affix

桑(そう) • (sō)
* mulberry
* (US) Short for 桑港 (“San Francisco (a city in California, United States)”).

### References

* ↑ “桑”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄲᅩᇰ나모 (Yale: spwòng-nàmwò) | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [상]

### Hanja

Wikisource 桑 (eumhun 뽕나무 상 (ppongnamu sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“mulberry tree”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 궁간상 (弓幹桑, gunggansang)
* 농상 (農桑, nongsang)
* 부상 (扶桑, Busang)
* 산상 (山桑, sansang)
* 상과 (桑果, sanggwa)
* 상근 (桑根, sanggeun)
* 상년 (桑年, sangnyeon)
* 상목 (桑木, sangmok)
* 상문 (桑門, sangmun)
* 상부 (桑婦, sangbu)
* 상실 (桑實, sangsil)
* 상야 (桑野, sang'ya)
* 상엽 (桑葉, sang'yeop)
* 상전 (桑田, sangjeon)
* 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)
* 상중 (桑中, sangjung)
* 상천우 (桑天牛, sangcheonu)
* 상호 (桑弧, sangho)
* 상호 (桑戶, sangho)
* 상호 (桑扈, sangho)
* 잠상 (蠶桑, jamsang)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桑: Hán Nôm readings: tang, dâu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.