# 契約
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kai$^3$ joek$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khie-yok
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kê$^4$ yog$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khòe-iok / khè-iak / khè-iok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): koi$^3$ ioh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chi-iaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìyue
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: chì-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihiue
*** Palladius: циюэ (cijue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kai$^3$ joek$^3$
*** Yale: kai yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kai$^3$ joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kei$^3$ yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi̯³³ jœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: kie iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kie$^4$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵ i̯ok̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: kie (r)iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kie$^4$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵ (j)i̯ok̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kê$^4$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰe⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iɔk̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòe-iok
*** Tâi-lô: khuè-iok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoea'iog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè-iak
*** Tâi-lô: khè-iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qea'iag
*** IPA (Yilan): /kʰe²¹⁻⁵³ iak̚²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe²¹⁻⁵³ iak̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè-iok
*** Tâi-lô: khè-iok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qea'iog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: koi$^3$ ioh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khòi ioh
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ioʔ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi-iaq
*** MiniDict: chi$^去$ iah
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qi-iaq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ iaʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khejH 'jak
Rime :
| Character | 契 | 約 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 苦計切 | 於略切 |
| Baxter | khejH | 'jak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰei$^H$/ | /ʔɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰei$^H$/ | /ʔiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛi$^H$/ | /ʔiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛj$^H$/ | /ʔɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰei$^H$/ | /ʔiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiei$^H$/ | /ĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰiei$^H$/ | /ʔi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qì | yue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^3$ | joek$^3$ |

### Noun

契約
* contract; deed; agreement
    訂立契約／订立契约 ― dìnglì qìyuē ― to conclude a contract
       Shuāngfāng jīng héyì biàngēng yuán qìyuē nèiróng. [Pinyin]
       Both parties agree to change the content of the original contract.
    From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE
    Qìyuē jì gù, wèi xún, Zōng guǒ xiáng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* nan-qua+nan-xia:字契
* 公約 / 公约 (gōngyuē)
* 券書 / 券书 (quànshū) (literary)
* 協定 / 协定 (xiédìng)
* 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
* 協議書 / 协议书 (xiéyìshū)
* 合同
* 合約 / 合约 (héyuē)
* 契字 (Hokkien)
* 契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
* 契紙 / 契纸 (qìzhǐ) (dialectal)
* 條約 / 条约 (tiáoyuē)

#### Derived terms

* 主契約 / 主契约
* 勞動契約 / 劳动契约
* 單務契約 / 单务契约
* 契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
* 契約精神 / 契约精神 (qìyuē jīngshén)
* 契約說 / 契约说
* 契約農業 / 契约农业
* 定型化契約 / 定型化契约
* 定型化契約條款 / 定型化契约条款
* 工作契約 / 工作契约
* 承攬契約 / 承揽契约
* 有償契約 / 有偿契约
* 有名契約 / 有名契约
* 無償契約 / 无偿契约
* 社會契約 / 社会契约 (shèhuì qìyuē)
* 租賃契約 / 租赁契约
* 隨意契約 / 随意契约
* 雙務契約 / 双务契约

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 契約(けいやく) (keiyaku)
* → Korean: 계약(契約) (gyeyak)
* → Vietnamese: khế ước (契約)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 契 | 約 |
| けい Grade: S | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けーやく [kèéyákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

契(けい)約(やく) • (keiyaku)
* contract, agreement

#### Derived terms

* 仮契約(かりけいやく) (karikeiyaku)
* 競(きょう)争(そう)契約(けいやく) (kyōsō keiyaku)
* 契約(けいやく)書(しょ) (keiyakusho)
* 自己(じこ)契約(けいやく) (jiko keiyaku)
* 社(しゃ)会(かい)契(けい)約(やく) (shakai keiyaku, “social contract”)
* 出(しゅっ)版(ぱん)契約(けいやく) (shuppan keiyaku)
* 書(しょ)面(めん)契約(けいやく) (shomen keiyaku)
* 典型(てんけい)契約(けいやく) (tenkei keiyaku)
* 保(ほ)険(けん)契約(けいやく) (hoken keiyaku)
* 無(む)償(しょう)契約(けいやく) (mushō keiyaku)
* 有(ゆう)償(しょう)契約(けいやく) (yūshō keiyaku)
* 労働(ろうどう)契約(けいやく) (rōdō keiyaku)

### Verb

契(けい)約(やく)する • (keiyaku suru) suru (stem 契(けい)約(やく)し (keiyaku shi), past 契(けい)約(やく)した (keiyaku shita))
* to enter into a contract

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 契約し | けいやくし | keiyaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 契約し | けいやくし | keiyaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 契約する | けいやくする | keiyaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 契約する | けいやくする | keiyaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 契約すれ | けいやくすれ | keiyaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 契約せよ¹ 契約しろ² | けいやくせよ¹ けいやくしろ² | keiyaku seyo¹ keiyaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 契約される | けいやくされる | keiyaku sareru |
| Causative | 契約させる 契約さす | けいやくさせる けいやくさす | keiyaku saseru keiyaku sasu |
| Potential | 契約できる | けいやくできる | keiyaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 契約しよう | けいやくしよう | keiyaku shiyō |
| Negative | 契約しない | けいやくしない | keiyaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 契約せず | けいやくせず | keiyaku sezu |
| Formal | 契約します | けいやくします | keiyaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 契約した | けいやくした | keiyaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 契約して | けいやくして | keiyaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 契約すれば | けいやくすれば | keiyaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 契 | 約 |

### Noun

契約 • (gyeyak) (hangeul 계약)
* hanja form of 계약 (“contract”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 契 | 約 |

### Noun

契約
* chữ Hán form of khế ước (“contract”).