# 桜

| 桜 | U+685C, &#26716; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-685C |
| ← 桛 [U+685B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桝 → [U+685D] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 櫻 |
| Shinjitai | 桜 |
| Simplified | 樱 |

### Han character

桜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木火女 (DFV), composition ⿰木𰋷)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 526, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14796
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1207, character 5
* Unihan data for U+685C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Simplified from 櫻 (嬰 → 𰋷).

### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 桜 – see 櫻 (“cherry”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 櫻).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Note

This simplification was intended to correspond with the Japanese shinjitai simplification below.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 桜 |
| Kyūjitai | 櫻 |

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 櫻)

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)
* Kun: さくら (sakura, 桜, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 山桜桃(ユスラウメ) (yusura-ume, “Prunus tomentosa”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 桜
* さくら Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 櫻 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE.
Originally derived from 咲く (saku, “to bloom, burst open”) +‎ 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さくら [sàkúrá] (Heiban – [0]) (general)
* (Tokyo) さくら [sáꜜkùrà] (Atamadaka – [1]) (modern given name)
* IPA: [sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Noun

桜(さくら) or 桜(サクラ) • (sakura)
* a cherry tree, in Japanese contexts particularly the Japanese cherry, Prunus serrulata, yet not limited to it
    Synonym: 桜木 (sakuragi)
    Hypernym: 薔薇 (bara)
** 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 16, poem 832)
    深草(ふかくさ)の野辺(のべ)の桜(さくら)し心(こころ)あらば今年(ことし)ばかりは墨染(すみぞめ)に咲(さ)け
       Fukakusa-no-nobe no sakura shi kokoro araba kotoshi bakari wa sumizome ni sake
       O cherry trees of Fukakusa Field! If you truly have a heart this year, at least you'll be dressed in blossoms dyed in inky black.
* Short for 桜花 (sakurabana): a cherry blossom
** 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 1, poem 120; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 73)
    高砂(たかさご)のをのへの桜(さくら)咲(さ)きにけり外(と)山(やま)のかすみ立(た)たずもあらなむ
       takasago no onohe no sakura sakinikeri toyama no kasumi tatazu mo aranamu
       The cherries on Takasago peak have come into bloom; may the haze not rise on the outer slopes.
* Short for 桜木 (sakuragi): cherry wood
* Short for 桜皮 (sakuragawa): cherry bark
* Short for 桜色 (sakura-iro): cherry blossom pink
* Short for 桜襲, 桜重 (sakura-gasane): a layered style of wearing kimono with one layer in the sakura-iro color
* Short for 桜肉 (sakura niku): horsemeat, from its pinkish color
* Short for 桜湯 (sakurayu): cherry blossom tea
* Synonym of 天保一分銀 (Tenpō ichibugin): a rectangular silver coin issued during the Tenpō era (1830–1844), so called for its cherry blossom pattern; worth one-quarter of a 両 (ryō)
* (card games) the suit of cherry blossoms in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of March
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐
* (Kansai) a class of prostitute in the red-light district
* the middle of the dorsal fin of a fish
* (theater, historical) during the Edo Period, a special box or balcony seat for a hired applauder, someone requested to cheer on the performers
* (slang) a shill, capper, or come-on working for a store, auction, or even a swindle, who is paid to attract customers or marks
* (slang) an ear
* Short for 桜炭, 佐倉炭 (Sakura-zumi): a high-quality 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”) made in 佐倉 (Sakura) in Chiba Prefecture, using 桜 as ateji for 佐倉

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サクラ.

##### Derived terms

* 桜(さくら)麻(あさ) (sakura-asa)
* 桜(さくら)井(い) (Sakurai)
* 桜(さくら)烏賊(いか) (sakura ika)
* 桜(さくら)色(いろ) (sakura-iro, “pink; florid”)
* 桜(さくら)煎(い)り (sakura-iri), 桜(さくら)煮(に) (sakura-ni)
* 桜(さくら)魚(うお) (sakura-uo)
* 桜(さくら)鯎(うぐい) (sakura ugui)
* 桜(さくら)会(え) (Sakura-e)
* 桜(サクラ)海老(エビ), 桜(サクラ)蝦(エビ) (sakura-ebi)
* 桜(さくら)麻(お) (sakurao)
* 桜(さくら)縅(おどし) (sakura-odoshi)
* 桜(さくら)鹿(が)の子(こ) (Sakuraga-no-ko)
* 桜(さくら)会(かい) (Sakura-kai)
* 桜(サクラ)貝(ガイ) (sakuragai)
* 桜(さくら)狩(がり), 桜(さくら)狩(が)り (sakuragari)
* 桜(さくら)襲(がさね), 桜(さくら)重(がさね) (sakura-gasane)
* 桜(さくら)紙(がみ) (sakura-gami)
* 桜(さくら)粥(がゆ) (sakura-gayu)
* 桜(さくら)川(がわ) (Sakuragawa)
* 桜(さくら)木(ぎ) (sakuragi)
* 桜(さくら)区(く) (Sakura-ku)
* 桜(サクラ)草(グサ) (sakuragusa)
* 桜(さくら)御飯(ごはん) (sakura gohan)
* 桜(サクラ)サイト (sakura saito)
* 桜(さくら)島(じま) (Sakurajima)
* 桜(さくら)炭(ずみ) (Sakura-zumi)
* 桜(さくら)前線(ぜんせん) (sakura zensen, “cherry-blossom front”)
* 桜(サクラ)草(ソウ) (sakurasō)
* 桜(さくら)田(だ) (Sakurada)
* 桜(サクラ)鯛(ダイ) (sakuradai)
* 桜(サクラ)蓼(タデ) (sakuratade, “Persicaria conspicua”)
* 桜(さくら)チーズ (sakura chīzu)
* 桜(さくら)茶屋(ぢゃや) (sakura-jaya)
* 桜(さくら)月(づき) (sakurazuki)
* 桜(さくら)尽(づ)くし, 桜(さくら)尽(づく)し (sakura-zukushi)
* 桜(さくら)漬(づけ), 桜(さくら)漬(づ)け (sakura-zuke)
* 桜(さくら)灯籠(どうろう) (sakura-dōrō)
* 桜(さくら)時(どき) (sakura-doki)
* 桜鍋(さくらなべ) (sakuranabe)
* 桜(さくら)肉(にく) (sakura niku)
* 桜(サクラ)海苔(ノリ) (sakura nori)
* 桜(さくら)灰(ばい) (Sakura-bai)
* 桜花(さくらばな) (sakurabana)
* 桜(さくら)人(びと) (sakura-bito)
* 桜(さくら)吹雪(ふぶき) (sakura fubuki, “flurry of falling cherry blossoms”)
* 桜(さくら)乾(ぼ)し (sakuraboshi)
* 桜(サクラ)鱒(マス) (sakuramasu, “cherry salmon”, Oncorhynchus masou)
* 桜(さくら)間(ま) (Sakurama)
* 桜(さくら)丸(まる) (Sakuramaru)
* 桜(さくら)味噌(みそ) (sakura miso)
* 桜(さくら)結(むす)び (sakura musubi)
* 桜(さくら)飯(めし) (sakurameshi)
* 桜(さくら)餅(もち) (sakuramochi)
* 桜(さくら)紅葉(もみじ) (sakura momiji)
* 桜(さくら)守(もり) (sakuramori)
* 桜(さくら)湯(ゆ) (sakurayu)
* さくらレポート (Sakura-repōto)
* 桜桃(さくらんぼ) (sakuranbo)
* 桜(さくら)ん坊(ぼう) (sakuranbō)
* 桜(サクラ)蘭(ラン) (sakuraran, “Hoya carnosa”)
* 浅(アサ)葱(ギ)桜(ザクラ) (asagi-zakura)
* 徒(あだ)桜(ざくら) (adazakura)
* 秋(アキ)桜(ザクラ) (akizakura)
* 朝(あさ)桜(ざくら) (asa-zakura)
* 有明(アリアケ)桜(ザクラ) (ariake-zakura)
* 家(いえ)桜(ざくら) (ie-zakura)
* 石(いし)割(わ)り桜(ざくら) (ishiwari-zakura)
* 糸(イト)桜(ザクラ) (itozakura)
* 薄(うす)桜(ざくら) (usuzakura)
* 淡墨(うすずみ)-桜(ざくら) (Usuzumi-zakura)
* 薄花(うすはな)桜(ざくら) (usuhana-zakura)
* 渦(ウズ)桜(ザクラ) (uzuzakura)
* 雲珠(ウズ)桜(ザクラ) (uzu-zakura)
* 姥(うば)桜(ざくら) (ubazakura)
* 上溝(ウワミズ)桜(サクラ), 上(ウワ)不見(ミズ)桜(サクラ) (uwamizu sakura, “Prunus grayana”)
* 江戸(エド)桜(ザクラ) (Edo-zakura)
* 大島(オオシマ)桜(ザクラ) (Ōshima-zakura)
* 遅(おそ)桜(ざくら) (osozakura)
* 霞(カスミ)桜(ザクラ) (kasumizakura)
* 堅(カタ)桜(ザクラ) (katazakura)
* 樺(カニワ)桜(ザクラ) (kaniwazakura)
* 樺(カバ)桜(ザクラ) (kabazakura)
* 河(カワ)津(ヅ)桜(ザクラ) (Kawazu-zakura)
* 寒(カン)桜(ザクラ) (kanzakura)
* 寒(カン)緋(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (kanhi-zakura)
* 黄(キ)桜(ザクラ) (kizakura)
* 葛(くず)桜(ざくら) (kuzuzakura)
* 朽(く)ち木(き)桜(ざくら) (kuchiki-zakura)
* 熊谷(クマガイ)桜(ザクラ) (Kumagai-zakura)
* 雲(くも)居(い)の桜(さくら) (kumoi no sakura)
* 小(コ)米(ゴメ)桜(ザクラ) (kogome-zakura)
* 小(こ)桜(ざくら) (kozakura)
* 御(ゴ)所(ショ)桜(ザクラ) (gosho-zakura)
* 零(こぼ)れ桜(ざくら) (kobore-zakura)
* 金剛(コンゴウ)桜(ザクラ) (kongō-zakura)
* 西行(さいぎょう)桜(ざくら) (Saigyō-zakura)
* 左(さ)近(こん)の桜(さくら) (Sakon no sakura)
* 里(サト)桜(ザクラ) (satozakura)
* 塩竈(シオガマ)桜(ザクラ) (shiogama-zakura)
* 四季(シキ)桜(ザクラ) (shiki-zakura)
* 垂(しだ)り桜(ざくら) (shidari-zakura, “Prunus pendula”)
* 枝(し)垂(だ)れ桜(ざくら), 垂(シダレ)桜(ザクラ) (shidare-zakura)
* 四手(シデ)桜(ザクラ) (shide-zakura)
* 芝(シバ)桜(ザクラ) (shibazakura, “Phlox subulata”)
* 十(ジュウ)月(ガツ)桜(ザクラ) (jūgatsu-zakura)
* 秋色(しゅうしき)桜(ざくら) (Shūshiki-zakura)
* 白(シロ)桜(ザクラ) (shirozakura)
* 神代(じんだい)桜(ざくら) (Jindai-zakura)
* 墨染(スミゾメ)桜(ザクラ) (sumizome-zakura)
* 千本(せんぼん)桜(ざくら) (Senbonzakura)
* 田打(たう)ち桜(ざくら) (tauchi-zakura)
* 高(タカ)嶺(ネ)桜(ザクラ) (takane-zakura)
* 滝(たき)桜(ざくら) (Takizakura)
* 種(たね)蒔(ま)き桜(ざくら) (tanemaki-zakura)
* 丁(チョウ)子(ジ)-桜(ザクラ) (chōjizakura)
* 栂(ツガ)桜(ザクラ) (tsugazakura)
* 同(どう)期(き)の桜(さくら) (dōki no sakura)
* 遠(とお)山(やま)桜(ざくら) (tōyama-zakura)
* 南(な)殿(でん)の桜(さくら) (Naden no sakura)
* 匂(ニオイ)桜(ザクラ) (nioi-zakura)
* 庭(ニワ)桜(ザクラ) (niwazakura, “Prunus glandulosa”)
* 葉(は)桜(ざくら) (hazakura)
* 彼(ヒ)岸(ガン)桜(ザクラ) (higan-zakura)
* 緋(ヒ)寒(カン)桜(ザクラ) (hikanzakura)
* 緋(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (hizakura)
* 美(ビ)女(ジョ)桜(ザクラ) (bijozakura, “Verbena phlogiflora”)
* 一(ひと)重(え)桜(ざくら) (hitoe-zakura)
* 雛桜(ヒナザクラ) (hinazakura)
* 総(フサ)桜(ザクラ) (fusazakura, “Euptelea polyandra”)
* 富士(フジ)桜(ザクラ) (fujizakura)
* 不(フ)断(ダン)桜(ザクラ) (fudan-zakura)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)桜(ザクラ) (botan-zakura)
* 豆(マメ)桜(ザクラ) (mamezakura, “Prunus incisa”)
* 実(ミ)桜(ザクラ) (mizakura)
* 峰(ミネ)桜(ザクラ), 嶺(ミネ)桜(ザクラ) (minezakura, “Prunus nipponica”)
* 御(み)階(はし)の桜(さくら) (Mihashi no sakura)
* 深(ミ)山(ヤマ)桜(ザクラ) (miyama-zakura)
* 八重(ヤエ)桜(ザクラ) (yaezakura)
* 山(ヤマ)桜(ザクラ) (yamazakura)
* 夜(よ)桜(ざくら) (yozakura)
* 夕(ゆう)桜(ざくら) (yūzakura)
* 楊(ヨウ)貴(キ)妃(ヒ)桜(ザクラ) (yōkihi-zakura)
* 吉(ヨシ)野(ノ)桜(ザクラ) (Yoshino-zakura)
* 若(わか)桜(ざくら) (waka-zakura)

##### Proverbs

* 桜(さくら)切(き)る馬鹿(ばか)梅(うめ)切(き)らぬ馬鹿(ばか) (sakura kiru baka ume kiranu baka, “foolish to prune cherry trees but not to prune plum trees”)
* 明日(あす)ありと思(おも)う心(こころ)の仇(あだ)桜(ざくら) (asu ari to omō kokoro no ada-zakura)
* 梅(うめ)と桜(さくら) (ume to sakura)
* 五月(さつき)の桜(さくら)で葉(は)ばかりさま (satsuki no sakura de ha-bakari-sama)
* 三(みっ)日(か)見(み)ぬ間(ま)の桜(さくら) (mikka minu ma no sakura)

##### Descendants

* English: sakura
* Indonesian: sakura
* Kavalan: sakula
* Korean: 사꾸라 (sakkura, “spy”)
* Kunigami: 桜 (sakūra)
* Okinawan: 桜 (sakura)
* Portuguese: sakura

#### Proper noun

桜(さくら) • (Sakura)
* a female given name
* a placename
* a surname
* a piece of koto music, often entitled Sakura Sakura in English:
    さくら　さくら　弥生(やよい)の空(そら)は　見(み)渡(わた)す限(かぎ)り…
       sakura sakura yayoi no sora wa miwatasu kagiri…
       Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, across the spring sky, as far as the eye can see.
* a piece of music played at the start of 平曲 (Heikyoku, retelling of The Tale of the Heike with 琵琶 (biwa, “lute accompaniment”))

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 桜
* おう Grade: 5
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 櫻 (kyūjitai)
/au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 櫻 (MC 'eang).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ː]

#### Affix

桜(おう) • (ō)
* cherry tree
* cherry tree that bears edible fruit
* (US) Short for サクラメント／桜府 (Sakuramento, “Sacramento (a city in California, United States)”).

##### Derived terms

* 桜蔭(おういん)会(かい) (Ōinkai)
* 桜(おう)雲(うん) (ōun)
* 桜(おう)花(か) (ōka)
* 桜樹(おうじゅ) (ōju)
* 桜唇(おうしん) (ōshin)
* 桜桃(おうとう) (ōtō)
* 桜(おう)皮(ひ) (ōhi)
* 桜門(おうもん)会(かい) (Ōmonkai)
* 桜友(おうゆう)会(かい) (Ōyūkai)
* 観桜(かんおう) (kan'ō)
* 残桜(ざんおう) (zan'ō)
* 老桜(ろうおう) (rōō)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996) Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern (C & T Asian literature series; C & T Asian languages series), reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 288
* ↑ Princess Shikishi, Hiroaki Sato (1993) String of Beads: Complete Poems of Princess Shikishi (A publication of the School of Hawaiian, Asian & Pacific studies; SHAPS library of translations), illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 77

## Okinawan
### Etymology

From Japanese 桜 (sakura).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) さ​くら[sáꜜkùrà] (Kakō - [1])
* IPA: [sakuɾa]

### Noun

桜(さくら) (sakura)
* a cherry tree

#### Derived terms

* 桜(さくら)色(いろ) (sakura-iro)
* 桜(さくら)島(じま) (Sakurajima)
* 桜(さくら)花(ばな) (sakurabana)