# ogun
## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ó-gwũ. Cognates include Ifè ogu, Igala ógwu, and Olukumi ogun. Likely related to Nupe ekun and Gbari ekun.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.ɡũ̄/

#### Noun

ogun
* war, battle (physical or mental)
    ogun àgbáyé ― world war
    Ogun ti ja gbogbo ilú wa.A war has ravaged all of our cities.
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Ìlérí ilé kò mọ ti à ń jagun; kùfẹ̀kùfẹ̀ kò mọ ìjà; ijọ́ tí a bá rí ogun là á mọ ojo.Boasting at home has nothing to do with waging a war; bragging has nothing to do with fighting; it is the day of battle that we know the coward. (proverb against boasting or bragging)
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Ọ̀rẹ́ẹ̀ mí gbogun tì mí lẹ́nu iṣẹ́.My friend was waging a war against me at work.

##### Derived terms

* adágundúródàgbàlagbà (“one who stops a war from reaching the elderly”)
* aságun (“deserter”)
* ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun (“army, armed forces”)
* ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun orí-omi (“navy”)
* ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun òfuurufú (“air force”)
* jagun-jagun (“soldier”)
* ogun abẹ́lé (“civil war”)
* ogun-àjàkúakátá (“fight-to-finish war or battle”)
* ogunkógun (“a particularly bad war”)
* ológun (“warrior, soldier”)
* Ológun (“name derived from ológun”)
* olórí ogun (“commander, general”)

##### Descendants

* → Gullah: ogun
* → Lucumí: ogún
* → Trinidadian Creole English: ogun

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.ɡũ̄/

#### Noun

ogun
* a black mangrove tree (Avicennia africana)

### Etymology 3

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ōgwṵ́. Cognates include Ifè ogú, Igbo ọgụ, Igala ógwú, Itsekiri ogun, and Olukumi ọgbọ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.ɡṹ/

#### Numeral

ogún
* twenty
    ogún náírà ― twenty naira
    Eélòó ni ìwé yìí? — Ogún dọ́là ni.How much is this book? — It's twenty dollars.
    Synonym: okòó
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, quoting C. L. Adéoyè, Àṣà àti Ìṣe Yoruba‎, number LDC2008L03, 1979, Ibadan: Oxford University Press, page 46, quoted in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Ogún ọmọ ni mo bí, ọmọọ koríko; ọgbọ̀n ọmọ ni mo bí, ọmọ èrùwà; kàkà kì a bí ẹgbàá ọ̀bùn, bí a bí ọ̀kan ṣoṣo ọ̀gá, ó tó.(If I boast that) it was twenty children that I gave birth to, they are weeds children; (if I boast that) it was thirty children that I gave birth to, they are grass children; rather than give birth to two thousand children, if we give birth to one distinguished children, that is enough. (proverb on quality children)
** (after a noun) twentieth
    Ojú ewé kelòó l'a kà kẹ́hìn? — Ojú ewé ogún l'a kà.Which page did we read last? — We read the twentieth page last.

##### Usage notes

Since this number does not have a m-based form, similar to other multiples of ten afterwards, if it's describing a total number of items, it comes before the noun.
* ọmọ ogún ọdún ni mi. – I am twenty years old.
* ọmọ ọdún méjìlélógún ni mi. – I am twenty-two years old.
However, if it is describing an ordinal sequence, it comes after the noun.
* Ọmọ ogún l'ó jẹ́. – He's the twentieth child.

##### Derived terms

* ogoogún (“all twenty”)
* ogóje (“one hundred and forty”)
* ogójì (“forty”)
* ogún ogún (“twenty by twenty”)
* ológún (“owner of twenty”)
* ọgọ́fà (“one hundred and twenty”)
* ọgọ́jọ (“one hundred and sixty”)
* ọgọ́rin (“eighty”)
* ọgọ́rùn-ún (“one hundred”)
* ọgọ́sàn-án (“one hundred and eighty”)
* ọgọ́ta (“sixty”)
* (only used to form àádọ́wàá (“one hundred and ninety”)) ọgọ́wàá (“two hundred”)

##### Descendants

→ Lucumí: ogún

### Etymology 4

Cognates include Ifè ogú and Igala ógwú, from Proto-Yoruboid *ó-gwṹ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.ɡṹ/

#### Noun

ogún
* heritage, inheritance, legacy
    owó-orí sísan lórí ogún ― inheritance tax
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Agbójúlógún faraa rẹ̀ fòṣì taAnyone who builds his hope on some future legacy will become vulnerable to destitution. (proverb against irrational expectation)

##### Derived terms

* ajogún (“heir”)
* ajogún-ìgbàlà (“inheritor of salvation”)
* ogúnkógún (“bad inheritance”)
* orogún (“co-wife”)
* ìwé ìpíngún (“legal will”)

### References

* Anderson, Gregory D.S., Bolanle Arokoyo and K. David Harrison. 2012. Olùkùmi Talking Dictionary. Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. http://www.talkingdictionary.org/olukumi
* Awoyale, Yiwola (2008 December 19) Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN
* Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (1992) Quadrilingual Glossary of Legislative Terms (English-Hausa-Igbo-Yoruba), Lagos: Federal Cabinet Office and Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council
* Salem Ǒchála È̩jè̩bá (2016) A Grammar of Ígálâ, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN), →ISBN
* SIL International (2016) Dictionnaire Ifè‎ (in French)