# ур
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

From Proto-Mari *ur, from Proto-Uralic *ora. Cognate with Western Mari ур (ur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈuɾ/

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* (zoology) squirrel (Sciuridae)

#### Declension
### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ур”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *urə, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *ora. Cognates include Finnish orava, Northern Sami oarˈri, Eastern Mari ур (ur), Komi-Permyak ур (ur).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* squirrel

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “ур”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #677 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎, Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26., page 176

## Even
### Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *uri.

### Noun

ур (ur)
* belly

## Evenki
### Noun

ур • (ur)
* belly

## Kabardian
### Etymology

Together with synonymous у-мэ (wu-mɛ), Adyghe у-мэ (wu-mɛ) usually interpreted as a native formation from the stem of уэ-н (wɛ-n, “to hit, to beat”). See also Old Georgian უროჲ (uroy).

### Noun

ур • (wur)
* large wooden hammer
    Synonym: умэ (wumɛ)
    ур етын ― wur jetən ― knock hell out of (someone)

### References

* Апажев, М. Л., Коков, Дж. Н. (2008) “ур”, in Б. Ч. Бижоев, editor, Кабардино-черкесско-русский словарь [Kabardian–Russian Dictionary], Nalchik: Elbrus, page 455a
* Багов П. М., editor (1999), “ур”, in Словарь кабардино-черкесского языка [Dictionary of Kabardian], Moscow: Digora, page 659b
* Карданов Б. М., editor (1957), “ур”, in Кабардинско-русский словарь [Kabardian–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 361a
* Климов, Г. А. (1968) “Абхазско-адыгские этимологии. II (заимствованный фонд) [Abkhaz–Adyghe etymologies II (the borrowed stock)]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), number 1966, Moscow, page 294 of 289–295
* Рогава, Г. В. (1956) К вопросу о структуре именных основ и категориях грамматических классов в адыгских (черкесских) языках, Тбилиси: Издательство Академии Наук Грузинской ССР, page 109
* Шагиров, А. К. (1977) К. В. Ломтатидзе, editor, Этимологический словарь адыгских (черкесских) языков [Etymological Dictionary of Adyghean (Circassian) Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, page 97
* Шагиров, А. К. (1982) Г. А. Климов, editor, Материальные и структурные общности лексики абхазо-адыгских языков [Material and structural commonalities of the vocabulary of Abkhazo-Adyghean languages]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 133

## Komi-Permyak
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ur, from Proto-Uralic *ora. Cognates include Moksha ур (ur) and Finnish orava.
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ур (ur) and Komi-Yazva ур (ur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈur/, [ˈur̺]
* Hyphenation: ур

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* squirrel
* (obsolete) kopek

#### Declension

Possessive declension of ур :

### References

* R. M. Batalova, A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985) Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary]‎, Moscow: Русский язык, page 514
* A. Popov (1785) Краткой Пермской Словарь съ Россiйскимъ переводомъ собранный и по разнымъ матерїямъ расположенный Города Перми Петро-Павловскаго Собора Протоjереемъ Антонiемъ Поповымъ 1785 года [A brief Perm Dictionary with a Russian translation collected and located on various sites by City of Perm Peter and Paul Cathedral's Archpriest Antony Popov 1785]‎

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ur, from Proto-Uralic *ora. Cognates include Finnish orava and Northern Sami oarri.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈur/, [ˈur]
* Hyphenation: ур

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* squirrel
* cent, kopek

#### Declension

Possessive declension of ур :

### References

* A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 205
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 684

## Moksha
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *urə, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ora. Cognates include Erzya ур (ur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈur/
* Rhymes: -ur
* Hyphenation: ур

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* squirrel

#### Declension
### References

* V. I. Shchankina (1993) “ур”, in Мокшень-рузонь валкс [Moksha-Russian dictionary], Saransk: MKI, →ISBN, page 161

## Mongolian
### Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Compare Kyrgyz ур (ur, “excrescence”), Turkish ur (“growth, excrescence, tumour”).

#### Noun

ур • (ur)
* excrescence, outgrowth, intumescence, swelling, tumor, growth

### Etymology 2

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (uran), from Proto-Mongolic *uran (“craftsman, art”).
Akin to Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”), compare Turkish uz (“able, skillful”), Yakut уус (uus, “master”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

ур • (ur)
* handicraft, skill, craft
* artist, craftsman, genius

## Northern Mansi
### Alternative forms

* [script needed] (wur) — Western Mansi
* [script needed] (or) — Eastern Mansi
* [script needed] (or, o̰r) — Southern Mansi

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ugric *arɜ. Cognates include Hungarian iránt (“towards, concerning”) and Northern Khanty вўр (wŭr, “side, edge, mountain, ridge; attention, interest”) (Kazym).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ur]

### Noun

ур (ur) (Sosva)
* mountain
    Synonym: нё̄р (në̄r)
* highland, plateau, tableland, upland

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Entry #1724 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* “ур”, in Northern Mansi-Hungarian dictionary, Tromsø: University of Tromsø, 2023
* Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “ур”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
* E. I. Rombandejeva (2005) Русско-Мансийский словарь (Е. Ромбандеева) [Russian-Mansi Dictionary (E. Rombandeeva)]‎, Saint-Petersburg: ООО "Миралл", →ISBN, page 59
* E. I. Rombandejeva (2017) СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ МАНСИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК лексика, фонетика, графика, орфография, морфология, словообразование [MODERN MANSIAN LANGUAGE vocabulary, phonetics, graphics, spelling, morphology, word formation]‎, Tyumen: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 18 (page number 37)
* Dellert, J., Daneyko, T., Münch, A. et al. Lang Resources & Evaluation (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09480-6 (NorthEuraLex version 0.9)

## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ur. Cognate with Kazakh ұра (ūra), Nogai уры (urı), Kyrgyz ур (ur), Tatar оры (orı), Azerbaijani ur, Turkish ur, Yakut ур (ur), etc.

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* growth

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “ур”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN

## Western Mari
### Etymology

From Proto-Mari *ur, from Proto-Uralic *ora. Cognates include Eastern Mari ур (ur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈur/
* Rhymes: -ur
* Hyphenation: ур

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* squirrel (Sciuridae)

#### Declension
### References

* Savatkova, A. A. (2008) “ур”, in Slovarʹ gornomarijskovo jazyka [Hill Mari language dictionary] (in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Mari publisher, →ISBN
* K. I. Belyaev & P. P. Romashkin (1944) Русско-Марийский Словарь [Russian-Mari Dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Kozmodemyansk: Маргосиздатын Кырык-Мары Филиал, page 19

## Yakut
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ur. See Southern Altai ур (ur) for a lengthy list of cognates.

### Noun

ур • (ur)
* growth (in or on a living being)

## Yug
### Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *xuɬ.

### Noun

ур (ūr)
* water

### References

* Heinrich Werner, Zu den jenissejischen Etymologien mit der Lautsprechung *ʎ- : d’- : l- im Anlaut, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 10, 2010