OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# κλείς
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κλαΐς (klaḯs) — Doric
* κλᾶϊς (klâïs) — Aeolic
* κληΐς (klēḯs) — Ionic
* κλῄς (klḗis) — Attic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *klāwī́ds, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Latin clāvus (“nail, pin”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klěːs/ → /klis/ → /klis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /klěːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /klis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /klis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /klis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /klis/

### Noun

κλείς • (kleís) f (genitive κλειδός); third declension
* bar, bolt
** a catch or hook passed through the door from the outside to catch the strap attached to the bar
** key
** (figurative) a means to something; key
* hook or tongue of a clasp
** stopcock
* (anatomy) collarbone (probably so called from its hook shape)
* (in the plural) rowing bench of a ship
* narrow strait, promontory or pass
* (in the plural) sacred chaplets
* (poetry) clausula, cadence

#### Derived terms

* ῐ̔πποκλείδης (hĭppokleídēs)
* κλειδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (kleidăgōgĭ́ā)
* κλειδᾶς (kleidâs)
* κλειδῐ́ον (kleidĭ́on)
* κλειδοποιός (kleidopoiós)
* κλείδουχος (kleídoukhos)
* κλειδοφορέω (kleidophoréō)
* κλειδοφῠ́λᾰξ (kleidophŭ́lăx)
* κλειδόω (kleidóō)
* κλείω (kleíō)
* πολῠκλείδωτος (polŭkleídōtos)
* πολῠκλήῑ̈ς (polŭklḗī̈s)

#### Descendants

* → Aghwan: 𐕄𐔼𐔾𐕜 (ḳilṭ)
* → Aramaic: קלידא
** Classical Syriac: ܩܠܝܕܐ (qəlīḏāʾ)
** Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַקְלִידָא (ʾaqlīḏāʾ)
** → Arabic: إِقْلِيد (ʔiqlīd)
** → Hebrew: קְלִיד (qəlîḏ)
* → English: cleido-
* ⇒ New Latin: sternocleidomastoīdēs, sternocleidomastoīdeus
** → English: sternocleidomastoid, sternocleidomastoideus
* → Old Georgian: კლიტჱ (ḳliṭē)
** Georgian: კლიტე (ḳliṭe), კილტე (ḳilṭe) — Adjara, Guria, Fereydan
*** → Bats: კლიტ (ḳliṭ)
* → Persian: کلید (kelid)
** → Azerbaijani: kilid
** → Kazakh: кілт (kılt)
** → Northern Kurdish: kilîd
** → Ottoman Turkish: كلید (kilid), كلیت (kilit)
*** Turkish: kilit
** → Uzbek: kalit

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλείς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 711-2

### Further reading

* “κλείς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κλείς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κλείς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* G2807 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. collar-bone idem, page 143.
# ἑξηκοστός
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἐξήκοιστος (exḗkoistos) — Aeolic

### Etymology

From ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta, “sixty”) +‎ -στός (-stós), a variant of -τός (-tós, ordinal suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hek.sɛː.kos.tós/ → /ek.si.kosˈtos/ → /ek.si.kosˈtos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hek.sɛː.kos.tós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)ek.se̝.kosˈtos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ek.si.kosˈtos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ek.si.kosˈtos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ek.si.kosˈtos/

### Adjective

ἑξηκοστός • (hexēkostós) m (feminine ἑξηκοστή, neuter ἑξηκοστόν); first/second declension
* sixtieth
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.126

#### Derived terms

* ἑξηκοσταῖος (hexēkostaîos)
* ἑξηκοστέννατος (hexēkosténnatos)
* ἑξηκοστή (hexēkostḗ)
* ἑξηκοστοδεύτερος (hexēkostodeúteros)
* ἑξηκοστόεκτον (hexēkostóekton)
* ἑξηκοστόν (hexēkostón)
* ἑξηκοστόπεμπτος (hexēkostópemptos)
* ἑξηκοστοτέταρτος (hexēkostotétartos)
* ἑξηκοστότριτος (hexēkostótritos)
* τόκοι ἑξηκοστοί ἐφ’ ἕτη δέκα (tókoi hexēkostoí eph’ hétē déka)

#### Descendants

* Greek: εξηκοστός (exikostós)

### References

* “ἑξηκοστός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἑξηκοστός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἑξηκοστός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# unautoclaved
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ autoclaved.

### Adjective

unautoclaved (not comparable)
* Not autoclaved.

### Anagrams

* unvacuolated
# 米糕
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐgāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ ㄍㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mai$^5$ gou$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mí-kô
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí-ko
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐgāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐgao
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^3$-kao$^1$
*** Yale: mǐ-gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miigau
*** Palladius: мигао (migao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mai$^5$ gou$^1$
*** Yale: máih gōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mai$^5$ gou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mei$^5$ gou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐi̯¹³ kou̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mí-kô
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˋ$ go$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^3$ go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi³¹ ko²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Tainan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí-ko
*** Tâi-lô: bí-ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: by'koy
*** IPA (Tainan): /bi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /bi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /bi⁵³⁻²⁴ ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /bi⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ko³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko³³/

### Noun

米糕
* rice cake; rice pudding
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sweet or salty glutinous rice cooked in oil

#### Synonyms

* (rice cake): (Teochew) 米方

#### Derived terms

* 筒仔米糕 (tǒngzǐmǐgāo)
* 米糕仔糜
* 米糕𣻸
* 米糕米䬫 / 米糕米𬲮
* 米糕糜
* 紅蟳米糕 / 红𫊻米糕 (hóngxún mǐgāo)

#### Descendants

* → Cebuano: biko
* → Tagalog: biko
# provenir
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* provindre

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prōvenīre (“to originate, to arise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [pɾu.βəˈni]
* IPA: (Balearic) [pɾo.vəˈni]
* IPA: (Valencia) [pɾo.veˈniɾ]
* Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

### Verb

provenir (first-person singular present provinc, first-person singular preterite provinguí, past participle provingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* to originate, to stem (from)
* to arise (from)

#### Related terms

* provinença
* provinent

### Further reading

* “provenir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “provenir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “provenir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “provenir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## French
### Etymology

From Latin prōvenīre (“originate, arise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʁɔv.niʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

provenir
* to originate (from)
* to arise (from)

#### Conjugation

This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -venir, such as convenir and devenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

#### Related terms

* provenance

### Further reading

* “provenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Ladino
### Etymology

Derived from Latin prōvenīre (“originate, arise”).

### Verb

provenir (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling פרוב׳יניר)
* (intransitive) to originate (from); to stem (from)
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 221:Muestros platos, ke provienen de Espanya, de Turkía, de Gresia i de munchos otros lugares, por sus variedad i sus buena savor, pueden trankilamente entrar en los livros de rechetas de todo el mundo.Our dishes, which originate from Spain, Türkiye, Greece and many other places, can easily enter everybody's cookbooks because of their variety and good flavour.

#### Related terms

* provenensia
* proveniente
* venir

### References

* ↑ “provenir”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin prōvenīre (“originate, arise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾobeˈniɾ/ [pɾo.β̞eˈniɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: pro‧ve‧nir

### Verb

provenir (first-person singular present provengo, first-person singular preterite provine, past participle provenido)
* originate, arise (from)
    Synonym: originar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* proveniencia
* proveniente
* venir

### Further reading

* “provenir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# стављати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stǎːʋʎati/
* Hyphenation: став‧ља‧ти

### Verb

ста́вљати impf (Latin spelling stávljati)
* to put, place (also figuratively)
* to put on, wear (clothes, and especially additional clothing such as hat, belt etc.)

#### Derived terms

* до̀стављати
* зау̀стављати
* зло̀стављати
* изо̀стављати
* испо̀стављати
* ѝстављати
* надо̀стављати
* на̀стављати
* обу̀стављати
* о̀стављати
* по̀стављати
* прѐдстављати
* претпо̀стављати
* прѝстављати
* ра̀стављати
* са̀стављати
* супро̀тстављати
* успо̀стављати
* у̀стављати

#### Related terms

* ста̏вити pf
# walnag
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwal.naɡ/, [ˈwal.nak̚]

### Noun

walnag
* (politics) Acronym of wali nagari.
# εμπορικά
## Greek
### Adjective

εμπορικά • (emporiká)
* neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural of εμπορικός (emporikós)

### Adverb

εμπορικά • (emporiká)
* commercially

### Noun

εμπορικά • (emporiká) n
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of εμπορικός (emporikós)
# بالش
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بالش (bāliš, “pillow”).

### Noun

بالش • (baliş)
* bolster, pillow, a soft cushion used to support the head in bed
    Synonym: یاصدق (yasdık)

#### Derived terms

* بالشچه (balişçe, “small pillow”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: baliş

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “baliş”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 454
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “baliş”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 86
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pulvinar”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1406
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بالش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 685
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بالش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 334

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* بالشت (bâlešt)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾlšn'), from Proto-Iranian *barjíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰarȷ́ʰíš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-; see there for further information.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bɑː.ˈliʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑː.lɪ́ʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɑː.lɪ́ʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɑː.lɪ́ʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bɔː.líʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bɒː.léʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bɔ.líʃ]

### Noun

| Dari | بالش |
| Iranian Persian | بالش |
| Tajik | болиш |
بالش • (bâleš) (plural بالش‌ها (bâleš-hâ))
* pillow, cushion
    Synonyms: کوسن (kusan), بالین (bâlin)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: բալիշ (bališ)
* → Assamese: বালিছ (balis)
* → Azerbaijani: balış
* → Bashkir: бәлеш (bəleş)
** → Russian: беляш (beljaš)
* → Bengali: বালিশ (baliś)
* → Gujarati: બાલિશ (bāliś)
* → Georgian: ბალიში (bališi)
* → Hindi: बालिश (bāliś)
* → Kazakh: бәліш (bälış)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بالش (bâliş)
** Turkish: baliş
* → Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠟꠤꠡ (baliś)
* → Uzbek: bolish

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “بالش”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bɑː.lɪʃ/
* Rhymes: -ɪʃ
* Hyphenation: با‧لِش

### Noun

بالِش • (bāliś) m (Hindi spelling बालिश)
* pillow, cushion
    Synonyms: سرہانہ (sirhāna), تکیہ (takiya), مسند (masnad)
# kāsēt
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the same stem as kāss (q.v.), made into a regular 2nd-conjugation verb (ending -ēt).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

kāsēt (intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present kāsēju, kāsē, kāsē, past kāsēju)
* to cough (to produce a sudden noisy burst of air from one's mouth)
    bērns stipri kāsē ― the child is coughing hard
    viņš iebāza pīpē tabaku un aizpīpoja, bet jau pēc pirmā dūma sāka kāsēt ― he put tobacco in his pipe and started smoking, but after the first puff he started coughing
    pēdējā laikā viņa bija vēl vairāk sagurusi un vēl bālāka nekā agrāk, un bieži kāsēja tādu dziļu kāsu ― lately she was even more tired and paler than before, and often coughed a deep cough

#### Synonyms

* klepot

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* atkāsēt
* izkāsēt
* nokāsēt
* pakāsēt
* sakāsēt

#### Related terms

* kāss

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kāsēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
# newsletter
## English
### Alternative forms

* news letter
* news-letter

### Etymology

From news +‎ letter.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈnjuːzˌlɛtə/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

newsletter (plural newsletters)
* A periodically sent publication containing current events or the like, generally on a particular topic or geared toward a limited audience.

#### Derived terms

* e-newsletter

#### Translations
## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English newsletter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɲjus.lɛ.tɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uslɛtɛr
* Syllabification: news‧le‧tter

### Noun

newsletter m inan
* e-newsletter

#### Declension
### Further reading

* newsletter in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* newsletter in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English newsletter.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌniwsˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯sˈlɛ.teh], /ˌniwzˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯zˈlɛ.teh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌniwsˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯sˈlɛ.teh], /ˌniwzˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯zˈlɛ.teh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˌniwsˈlɛ.teɾ/ [ˌniʊ̯sˈlɛ.teɾ], /ˌniwzˈlɛ.teɾ/ [ˌniʊ̯zˈlɛ.teɾ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˌniwsˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯sˈlɛ.teχ], /ˌniwʒˈlɛ.teʁ/ [ˌniʊ̯ʒˈlɛ.teχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌniwsˈlɛ.teɻ/ [ˌniʊ̯sˈlɛ.teɻ], /ˌniwzˈlɛ.teɻ/ [ˌniʊ̯zˈlɛ.teɻ]
* Rhymes: -ɛteʁ
* Hyphenation: news‧let‧ter

### Noun

newsletter m (plural newsletteres)
* e-newsletter (communication, usually of a periodic nature, containing information about the activity and/or services of an organization, company or other entity, sent by email to its subscribers)
    Synonym: boletim informativo

### Further reading

* “newsletter”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “newsletter”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# saghid
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: sag‧hid

### Verb

saghid
* to graze; to rub or touch lightly the surface of a thing in passing
* to sideswipe
# undependable
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ dependable.

### Adjective

undependable (comparative more undependable, superlative most undependable)
* Not dependable.
** 1998, Octavia E. Butler, Parable of the Talents, HEADLINE PUBLISHING GROUP (2019), page 23:‘These vehicles tended to be old and undependable, but some people had them.’

#### Synonyms

* flakey
* sporadic
* unreliable

#### Antonyms

* dependable
# плашити
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *polšiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plâʃiti/
* Hyphenation: пла‧ши‧ти

### Verb

пла̏шити impf (Latin spelling plȁšiti)
* (transitive) to frighten, scare
* (reflexive) to be afraid, to be scared

#### Derived terms

* за̀плашити
* по̀плашити
* прѐплашити
* ра̀сплашити
* спла̏шити
* у̀плашити
# grepsti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *greti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrêpsti/
* Hyphenation: grep‧sti

### Verb

grȅpsti impf (Cyrillic spelling гре̏псти)
* (transitive, reflexive) to scrape, scratch

#### Derived terms

* ìzgrepsti
* ògrepsti
* ùgrepsti
* zàgrepsti
* zgrȅpsti

#### Related terms

* grèbati impf
# rukojeť
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫkojętь, from Proto-Slavic *rǫka and Proto-Slavic *jęti. Cognate with Polish rękojeść, Serbo-Croatian rȕkovēt, Russian рукоять (rukojatʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrukojɛc]

### Noun

rukojeť f (diminutive rukojítka)
* handle (part of an object which is held in the hand when used or moved)

#### See also

* držadlo n

### Further reading

* “rukojeť”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “rukojeť”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “rukojeť”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# Σπάρτη
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Σπᾰ́ρτᾱ (Spắrtā) — Doric

### Etymology

Uncertain, but possibly from σπάρτον (spárton, “rope, cable”), a reference to the cords laid as the city's foundation boundaries, though this could be folk etymology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spár.tɛː/ → /ˈspar.ti/ → /ˈspar.ti/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /spár.tɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈspar.te̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈspar.ti/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈspar.ti/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈspar.ti/

### Proper noun

Σπᾰ́ρτη • (Spắrtē) f (genitive Σπᾰ́ρτης); first declension
* Sparta, Sparti (a city in Laconia, Greece)

#### Derived terms

* Σπᾰ́ρτηθεν (Spắrtēthen)
* Σπᾰ́ρτηνδε (Spắrtēnde)
* Σπᾰρτῐᾱ́της (Spărtĭā́tēs)
* Σπᾰρτῐᾶτῐς (Spărtĭâtĭs)
* Σπᾰρτῐᾱτῐκός (Spărtĭātĭkós)

#### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: Sparta
* → Arabic: إِسْبَرْطَة (ʔisbarṭa)
* → Asturian: Esparta
* → Basque: Esparta
* → Breton: Sparta
* → Bulgarian: Спарта (Sparta)
* → Catalan: Esparta
* → Czech: Sparta
* → Danish: Sparta
* → Dutch: Sparta
* → English: Sparta
* → Esperanto: Sparto
* → Estonian: Sparta
* → Finnish: Sparta
* → French: Sparte
** → Persian: اسپارت (espârt)
* → Galician: Esparta
* → German: Sparta
* Greek: Σπάρτη (Spárti)
* → Hebrew: ספרטה
* → Hungarian: Spárta
* → Icelandic: Sparta
* → Irish: Sparta
* → Italian: Sparta
* → Japanese: スパルタ
* → Korean: 스파르타 (Seupareuta)
* → Latin: Sparta
* → Lithuanian: Sparta
* → Lombard: Sparta
* → Luxembourgish: Sparta
* → Manx: Sparta
* → Norwegian: Sparta
* → Polish: Sparta
* → Portuguese: Esparta
* → Romanian: Sparta
* → Russian: Спа́рта (Spárta)
* → Serbo-Croatian: Spȃrta/Спа̑рта
* → Slovak: Sparta
* → Slovene: Šparta, Sparta
* → Spanish: Esparta
* → Swedish: Sparta
* → Turkish: Sparta
* → Ukrainian: Спа́рта (Spárta)
* → Welsh: Sparta

### References

* ↑ Room, Adrian (2006) Place Names of the World, 2nd edition, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., →ISBN

### Further reading

* “Σπάρτη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,025
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Σπάρτη (Spártē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈspaɾti/
* Hyphenation: Σπάρ‧τη

### Proper noun

Σπάρτη • (Spárti) f
* Sparta (large town in Laconia in Greece)

#### Derived terms

* Σπαρτιάτης m (Spartiátis, “male Spartan”)
* Σπαρτιάτισσα f (Spartiátissa, “female Spartan”)
* σπαρτιάτικος (spartiátikos) (adjective)
* σπαρτιατικός (spartiatikós) (adjective)
* σπαρτιάτικα (spartiátika) (adverb)
* σπαρτιατικά (spartiatiká) (adverb)

#### Further reading

* Σπάρτη on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# kaplēt
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the same source as kaplis, made into a 2nd-conjugation verb (ending -ēt).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaplɛ̂ːt]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

kaplēt (transitive or intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present kaplēju, kaplē, kaplē, past kaplēju)
* to hoe (to work (on earth) with a hoe)
    kaplēt zemi, augsni, dobes ― to hoe the earth, the soil, (plant) beds
    kaplēt kartupeļu lauku ― to hoe a potato field
    zēni kaplēja vagu starpas, ka smiltis vien pa gaisu griezās ― the boys hoed between the furrows, so that sand turned in the air
* to weed with a hoe
    kaplēt nezāles ― to weed (lit. to hoe weeds)
    kaplēt bietes, kartupeļus ― to weed the beets, the potatoes

#### Derived terms

* aizkaplēt
* apkaplēt
* izkaplēt
* pakaplēt
* uzkaplēt

#### Related terms

* kaplis

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kaplis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
# کەوان
## Central Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *kamān (“arc, vault, bow”). Compare Persian کمان (kamân).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kawaːn/

### Noun

| Northern Kurdish | kevan |
کەوان (kewan)
* bow

#### Derived terms

* کەوانە (kewane)

### References

* Hejar (1990) “کەوان”, in Henbane borîne‎, Tehran: Soroush, page 671
* Wahby, T., Edmonds, C. J. (1966) “kewan”, in A Kurdish-English Dictionary, page 75
# անուշ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* անոյշ (anoyš) — traditional orthography, dated
* անոշ (anoš) — dialectal

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian անոյշ (anoyš).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈnuʃ/, [ɑnúʃ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈnuʃ/, [ɑnúʃ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Adjective

անուշ • (anuš) (superlative ամենաանուշ)
* sweet
* pleasant, agreeable
# гријешити
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* гре́шити (Ekavian)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grěšiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrjěːʃiti/
* Hyphenation: грије‧ши‧ти

### Verb

грије́шити impf (Latin spelling grijéšiti)
* (intransitive) to be wrong, make a mistake
* (intransitive) to sin

#### Derived terms

* згрије́шити
* огрије́шити
* погрије́шити
* сагрије́шити

### Further reading

* “гријешити”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# addoceo
## Latin
### Etymology

From ad- +‎ doceō (“teach”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /adˈdo.ke.oː/, [äd̪ˈd̪ɔkeoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /adˈdo.t͡ʃe.o/, [äd̪ˈd̪ɔːt͡ʃeo]

### Verb

addoceō (present infinitive addocēre, perfect active addocuī, supine addoctum); second conjugation
* (transitive) to teach something (new or in addition to)

#### Related terms

* condoceō
* dēdoceō
* doceō
* ēdoceō
* perdoceō
* praedoceō
* prōdoceō
* subdoceō

### References

* “addoceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “addoceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* addoceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# heliologist
## English
### Noun

heliologist (plural heliologists)
* One who studies heliology.

### Anagrams

* lithologies