# 鬠

| 鬠 | U+9B20, &#39712; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B20 |
| ← 鬟 [U+9B1F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鬡 → [U+9B21] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鬠 (Kangxi radical 190, 髟+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹人一日 (SHOMA), four-corner 7260$_6$, composition ⿱髟會)

#### Related characters

* 𫘽 (form in Simplified Chinese)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1456, character 55
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45597
* Dae Jaweon: page 1988, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4536, character 12
* Unihan data for U+9B20

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 譮 | *qʰruːbs |
| 會 | *koːbs, *ɡoːbs |
| 儈 | *koːbs |
| 膾 | *koːbs |
| 鱠 | *koːbs |
| 襘 | *koːbs |
| 禬 | *koːbs, *ɡoːbs |
| 檜 | *koːbs, *koːd |
| 旝 | *koːbs |
| 澮 | *koːbs |
| 鄶 | *koːbs |
| 廥 | *koːbs |
| 鬠 | *koːbs, *ɡoːd |
| 劊 | *koːbs, *koːd |
| 獪 | *koːbs, *kroːbs |
| 繪 | *ɡoːbs |
| 懀 | *qoːbs, *qroːbs, *qroːbs |
| 薈 | *qoːbs |
| 嬒 | *qoːbs, *qoːd |
| 瞺 | *qoːbs |
| 噲 | *kʰroːbs |
| 璯 | *kʰroːbs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːbs, *ɡoːd) : semantic 髟 (“appearance of long hair”) + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuò (kuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kut$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuo$^4$
*** Yale: kwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
*** Palladius: ко (ko)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kut$^3$
*** Yale: kut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kut$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: hwat
Rime :
| Character | 鬠 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸括切 |
| Baxter | hwat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤop-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːbs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鬠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwaj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁop-s/ |
| English | bind the hair in a knot |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鬠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 5504 |
| Phonetic component | 會 |
| Rime group | 蓋 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儈 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːbs/ |

#### Definitions

鬠
* Alternative form of 髺 (“to bind one's hair”)
    Synonym: 束髮 / 束发 (shùfà)
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Shè yǎnmiàn xuān mù, kuò ér bù guàn jī yǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuài (kuai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kui$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuai$^4$
*** Yale: kwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
*** Palladius: куай (kuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kui$^3$
*** Yale: kui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: kwajH
Rime :
| Character | 鬠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (26) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古外切 |
| Baxter | kwajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gui$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鬠 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 5521 |
| Phonetic component | 會 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 活 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːd/ |

#### Definitions

鬠
* Alternative form of 䯤 / 𩩈 (kuài, “to tie one's hair in bright colors”)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B05914

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to make a topknot
* type of ornamental hairpin

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)、がち (gachi)、かい (kai)、け (ke)
* Kun: こうがい (kōgai)、もとゆい (motoyui, 鬠)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鬠 (MC hwat).

### Hanja

鬠 (eumhun 결발할 괄 (gyeolbalhal gwal))
* (literary) hanja form of 괄 (“to bind one's hair”)
** 1455, 문종공순대왕실록 (文宗恭順大王實錄) (overall work in Literary Chinese), 이년사월십일 (二年四月十日):扶筇就列, 拭目瞻天, 鶴髮髯鬠, 已乏追車之壯, 鮐背傴僂, 祗陳擊壤之歌。(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鬠: Hán Việt readings: xoáy
鬠: Nôm readings: xoáy
* chữ Hán form of xoáy (“to make a topknot”).
* Nôm form of xoáy (“to swirl; to whirl”).

#### Compounds

* 渃鬠 (nước xoáy)
* 濫鬠𥙩 (làm xoáy lấy)
* 鬠頭 (xoáy đầu)

### References

* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).