# πνέω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πνείω (pneíō) — poetic

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, sneeze”). Cognates include Old English fnēosan (English sneeze).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pné.ɔː/ → /ˈpne.o/ → /ˈpne.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pné.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpne.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpne.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpne.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpne.o/

### Verb

πνέω • (pnéō)
* to blow
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.20
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.361
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.469
** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Inspectors 3
** 400 BCE – 300 BCE, Mnesimachus, Collected Works 4.57
** New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 27:40
** ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 4.72
* to breathe
** 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 3.80
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.446
** ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.75
** (with accusative) to breathe out
*** 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hymn to Apollo 82
** breathe in, smell
*** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 7.51
*** 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 5.120
*** 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 6.164
*** 556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 184.3
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 565
*** 200 CE – 400 CE, Tryphiodorus, The Taking of Ilios 505
* (of perceptible breathing)
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 621
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.385
* to breathe, live
** 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Epigrams 42
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.447
** Simm. 25.12
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1160
* (figuratively, with cognate accusative) to breathe forth
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 219
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1309
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 34
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 951
** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1121
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1016
** 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 862
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 288
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 319
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.536
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.8
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.508
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 146
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1146
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.5.12
** to speak
*** 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 437
*** 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Epigrams 10.3
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1 57
*** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 189
*** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 327
*** c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 323
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 24
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.93
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 10.44
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 11.30

#### Synonyms

* ψύχω (psúkhō)

#### Derived terms

* ἀνᾰπνέω (anăpnéō)
* ἀντῐπνέω (antĭpnéō)
* ἄπνευστος (ápneustos)
* ἀποπνέω (apopnéō)
* δῐᾰπνέω (dĭăpnéō)
* εἰσπνέω (eispnéō)
* ἐκπνέω (ekpnéō)
* ἐμπνέω (empnéō)
* ἐπῐπνέω (epĭpnéō)
* ἡδῠ́πνευστος (hēdŭ́pneustos)
* ἡδῠ́πνοος (hēdŭ́pnoos)
* θεόπνευστος (theópneustos)
* κᾰτᾰπνέω (kătăpnéō)
* μετᾰπνέω (metăpnéō)
* νεόπνευστος (neópneustos)
* πᾰρᾰπνέω (părăpnéō)
* περιπνέω (peripnéō)
* πνευμόρρωξ (pneumórrhōx)
* προσπνέω (prospnéō)
* πῠρίπνευστος (pŭrípneustos)
* σῠμπνέω (sŭmpnéō)
* ὑπερπνέω (huperpnéō)
* ὑποπνέω (hupopnéō)

#### Related terms

* πνεῦμᾰ (pneûmă)
* πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
* πνεῦσῐς (pneûsĭs)
* πνευστιάω (pneustiáō)
* πνευστῐκός (pneustĭkós)
* πνοή (pnoḗ)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πνέω (pnéo)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πνέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1213-4

### Further reading

* “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πνέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πνέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πνέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “πνέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4154 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpne.o/
* Hyphenation: πνέ‧ω

### Verb

πνέω • (pnéo) (past έπνευσα, passive —)
* to blow

#### Derived terms

* πνέω μένεα (pnéo ménea, “I am very angry -literlly: I breathe heavily from wrath-”)
* πνέω τα λοίσθια (pnéo ta loísthia, “to breathe one's last”)

#### Related terms

* αναπνέω (anapnéo, “I breathe”)
* αποπνέω (apopnéo, “I give off, emit”)
* διαπνέω (diapnéo, “I inspire”)
* εισπνέω (eispnéo, “I inhale”)
* εκπνέω (ekpnéo, “I exhale”)
* εμπνέω (empnéo, “I inspire”)
* απνευστί (apnefstí, “without stopping”, adverb)
* άπνοια f (ápnoia, “stillness; without breath”)
* δύσπνοια f (dýspnoia, “dyspnoea, breathlessness”)
* δυσπνοϊκός (dyspnoïkós, “suffering from breathlessness”)
* θεόπνευστος (theópnefstos, “inspired by God”)
* μακρόπνοος (makrópnoos, “far-reaching”)
* μεγαλόπνευστος (megalópnefstos, “of high inspiration”)
* ξέπνοος (xépnoos, “breathless”)
* πνεύμα n (pnévma, “spirit”) & related
* πνεύμονας m (pnévmonas, “lung”) & related
* πνευστά n pl (pnefstá, “wind instruments”) (music)
* πνευστός (pnefstós, “functioning with air”)
* πνοή f (pnoḯ, “breath; breeze”) & related
* σύμπνοια f (sýmpnoia)

### Further reading

* πνέω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language