# 柵

| 柵 | U+67F5, &#26613; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F5 |
| ← 柴 [U+67F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 柶 → [U+67F6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月廿 (DBT), four-corner 4794$_0$, composition ⿰木冊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14665
* Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 1
* Unihan data for U+67F5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 珊 | *slaːn |
| 跚 | *slaːn |
| 姗 | *slaːn |
| 删 | *sraːn |
| 栅 | *sʰraːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sraːns |
| | Old Chinese |
| 栅 | *sʰraːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sraːns |
| 冊 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 笧 | *sʰreːɡ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhà, shān, shàn, shā, shi (zha$^4$, shan$^1$, shan$^4$, sha$^1$, shi$^5$／shi$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ, ㄕㄢ, ㄕㄢˋ, ㄕㄚ, ˙ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caak$^3$ / zaap$^3$ / saan$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): za$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): san / chhek / chheh
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^4$
*** Yale: jà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shān
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shan
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$
*** Yale: shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
*** Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^4$
*** Yale: shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
*** Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sha
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$
*** Yale: shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
*** Palladius: ша (ša)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shi
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^5$
*** Yale: shr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .shy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩/
* shā - used in 柵欄;
* shi - used in 大柵欄.
* Middle Chinese: sraenH, tsrhjaek, tsrheak
Rime :
| Character | 柵 | 柵 | 柵 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) | 陌 (115) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III | II |
| Fanqie | 所晏切 | 測戟切 | 楚革切 |
| Baxter | sraenH | tsrhjaek | tsrheak |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠan$^H$/ | /t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚan$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiak̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃɐn$^H$/ | /t͡ʃʰiak̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨn$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰiajk̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃan$^H$/ | /t͡ʃʰiɐk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃan$^H$/ | /t͡ʃʰĭɐk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰæk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂan$^H$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐk̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàn | chi | che |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saan$^3$ | cik$^1$ | cak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːɡ/, /*sʰreːɡ/, /*sraːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柵 | 柵 | 柵 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1166 | 1169 | 11068 |
| Phonetic component | 册 | 册 | 删 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 錫 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 柵 | 策 | 訕 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraːɡ/ | /*sʰreːɡ/ | /*sraːns/ |
| Notes | | | 訓讀 |

#### Definitions

柵
* fence; railing; palisade

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shān, zhà (shan$^1$, zha$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ, ㄓㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shān
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shan
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$
*** Yale: shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
*** Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^4$
*** Yale: jà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$
*** Yale: sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

柵
* Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān).

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cè (ce$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caak$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cè
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cè
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻê$^4$
*** Yale: tsè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
*** Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caak$^3$
*** Yale: chaak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːk̚³/

#### Definitions

柵
* Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong.

### Compounds

* 光柵 / 光栅
* 寨柵 / 寨栅
* 木柵 / 木栅 (mùzhà)
* 柵剌子 / 栅剌子
* 柵子 / 栅子 (zhàzi)
* 柵極 / 栅极
* 柵欄 / 栅栏
* 柵門 / 栅门
* 欄柵 / 栏栅 (lánzhà)
* 水柵 / 水栅
* 籬柵 / 篱栅
* 花柵子 / 花栅子
* 豚柵 / 豚栅

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fence, stockade
* fort
* weir

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)、せん (sen)
* Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)、さん (san)
* Kun: しがらみ (shigarami, 柵)、しがらむ (shigaramu, 柵む)、とりで (toride, 柵)、やらい (yarai, 柵)

#### Compounds

* 柵(さく)戸(こ) (sakuko)
* 柵(さく)址(し) (sakushi)
* 柵塁(さくるい) (sakurui)
* 砦柵(さいさく) (saisaku)
* 城柵(じょうさく) (jōsaku)
* 竹柵(ちくさく) (chikusaku)
* 鉄柵(てっさく) (tessaku)
* 馬柵(うませ) (umase), 馬柵(ませ) (mase)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 柵
* さく Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC tsrhjaek).
Compare modern Cantonese 柵 / 栅 (caak$^3$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さく [sàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [sa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

柵(さく) • (saku)
* a fence
    Synonym: 垣 (kaki)
* (by extension) a wooden fort
    Synonym: 塞, 砦 (toride)
* a weir

##### Derived terms

* 柵(さく)際(ぎわ) (sakugiwa)
* 柵杭(さくくい) (sakukui)
* 柵(さく)の木(き) (saku no ki)
* 柵(さく)門(もん) (sakumon)
* 柵(さく)矢来(やらい) (sakuyarai)
* 厨(くりや)川(がわ)の柵(さく) (Kuriyagawa no Saku)
* 電気(でんき)柵(さく) (denkisaku), 電(でん)柵(さく) (densaku)
* 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(さく) (Nutari no Saku)
* 牧(ぼく)柵(さく) (bokusaku)
* 槍(やり)柵(さく) (yarisaku)
* 欄柵(らんさく) (ransaku)

#### Proper noun

柵(さく) • (Saku)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 柵
* しがらみ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
⟨siɡarami$_1$⟩ → /siɡaramʲi/ → /ɕiɡarami/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 柵む (shigaramu, “to entangle”).

#### Alternative forms

* 笧

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しがらみ [shìgárámí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiɡa̠ɾa̠mʲi]

#### Noun

柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami)
* a weir
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 197:
    明日香(あすか)川(がは)四我良美(しがらみ)渡(わた)之(し)塞益(せかませ)者(ば)進(ながる)留(る)水(みづ)母(も)能杼尓賀(のどにか)有(あら)萬思(まし) [Man'yōgana]
    明日香(あすか)川(がは)しがらみ渡(わた)し塞(せ)かませば流(なが)るる水(みづ)ものどにかあらまし [Modern spelling]
** 905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 303; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 32)
    山川(やまがは)に風(かぜ)のかけたるしがらみは流(なが)れもあへぬ紅葉(もみぢ)なりけり
       yamagawa ni kaze no kaketaru shigarami wa nagare mo aenu momiji narikeri
       the autumn leaves are unable to resist the current flowing past the weir built by the wind in the deep mountain river.
* (by extension) an obstacle

##### Derived terms

* 柵(しがらみ)伏(ふ)す (shigaramifusu)
* 風(かぜ)の柵(しがらみ) (kaze no shigarami)
* 義理(ぎり)の柵(しがらみ) (giri no shigarami)
* 鹿(しか)の柵(しがらみ) (shika no shigarami)
* 袖(そで)の柵(しがらみ) (sode no shigarami)
* 流(なが)し柵(しがらみ) (nagashi-shigarami)
* 冬(ふゆ)の柵(しがらみ) (fuyu no shigarami)

#### Proper noun

柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami)
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 柵
* き Grade: S
* kun'yomi
⟨ki$_2$⟩ → */kʷɨ/ → /ki/
From Old Japanese.

#### Alternative forms

* 城

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲi]

#### Noun

柵(き) • (ki)
* a fortress
    Synonyms: 城 (shiro), 砦 (toride)

##### Derived terms

* 柵戸(きのへ) (kinohe), 柵戸(きへ) (kihe)
* 雄(お)勝(かち)の柵(き) (Okachi no Ki)
* 金沢(かねざわ)の柵(き) (Kanezawa no Ki)
* 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(き) (Nutari no Ki)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 柵
* くえ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
⟨kupe$_1$⟩ → */kupʲe/ → /kufe/ → /kuwe/ → /kue/
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟e̞]

#### Noun

柵(くえ) • (kue)
* (obsolete) a fence
    Synonym: 崩垣 (kuegaki)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3537:, text here
    久敝(くへ)胡之尓(こしに)武藝波武古宇馬能(むぎはむこうまの)波都々々尓(はつはつに)安比見之兒良之(あひみしこらし)安夜尓可奈思母(あやにかなしも) [Man'yōgana]
    くへ越(こ)しに麦(むぎ)食(は)む小(こ)馬(うま)のはつはつに相(あひ)見(み)し子(こ)らしあやに愛(かな)しも [Modern spelling]
* the exit and entrance of a port

##### Derived terms

* 柵(くえ)越(こ)し (kuekoshi)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 217
* ↑ Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996) Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern, reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 134

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC tsrhjaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄎᆡᆨ〮 (chóyk) (Yale: chóyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [책/첵]

### Hanja

Wikisource 柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek))
* hanja form of 책 (“fence”)

#### Compounds

* 목책 (木柵, mokchaek)
* 책루 (柵壘, chaengnu)
* 철책 (鐵柵, cheolchaek)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柵: Hán Nôm readings: sách
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation