# ज्ञान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡjɑːn/, [ɡjä̃ːn]

### Noun

ज्ञान • (jñān) m (Urdu spelling گیان)
* knowledge
    मुझे इसका कुछ भी ज्ञान नहीं है।mujhe iskā kuch bhī jñān nahī̃ hai.I have no knowledge of it at all.
    हमारा शिक्षक व्यापक ज्ञान की खान है।hamārā śikṣak vyāpak jñān kī khān hai.Our professor is a vast storehouse of general knowledge.
    गुरूजी, और ज्ञान बाटो!gurūjī, aur jñān bāṭo!Oh Guru, please enlighten us with knowledge! (sarcastic)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “ज्ञान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (jñāna), from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”). Doublet of जाण (jāṇ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʑnan/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ज्ञान • (jñān) n
* knowledge
    खरे ज्ञान म्हणजे एखाद्याच्या अज्ञानाची व्याप्ती जाणून घेणे.khare jñān mhaṇje ekhādyācyā ajñānācī vyāptī jāṇūn gheṇe.Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance..

#### Derived terms

* अज्ञान (ajñān, “ignorance”)
* ज्ञानी (jñānī, “wise”)
* तंत्रज्ञान (tantrajñān, “technology”)
* विज्ञान (vijñān, “science”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “ज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “ज्ञान”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡjän]
* Phonetic Devanagari: ग्यान्

### Noun

ज्ञान • (gyān)
* knowledge, wisdom
* understanding
* intelligence

### References

* “ज्ञान”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “ज्ञान”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জ্ঞান (Assamese script)
* ᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
* জ্ঞান (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
* જ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
* ਜ੍ਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
* ជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
* ຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
* ജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
* ଜ୍ଞାନ (Odia script)
* ꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
* ඥාන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
* ஜ்ஞாந (Tamil script)
* జ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
* ชฺญาน (Thai script)
* ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

ज्ञान • (jñā́na) stem, n
* knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (esp.) the higher knowledge (in Buddhism, pure awareness free from conceptual constructs; in Hinduism, true knowledge of the Self's identity with the Ultimate Reality)
* "knowledge about anything cognizance" (compare ज्ञानतस् (jñānatas) and अज्ञान (ajñāna))
    ज्ञानाद् अज्ञानाद् वा ― jñānād ajñānād vā ― knowingly or ignorantly
* conscience
* = ज्ञानेन्द्रिय (jñānendriya)
* engaging in (+ genitive, e.g. सर्पिषस् (sarpiṣas, “in sacrifice with clarified butter”))
* name of a shakti

#### Derived terms

* अज्ञान (ajñāna, “ignorance”)
* विज्ञान (vijñāna, “cognitive capacity, discernment, intelligence; proficiency; consciousness”)
* प्रज्ञान (prajñāna, “knowledge, wisdom, intelligence”)
* ज्ञानपाल (jñānapāla)

#### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit:
** Old Marathi: जाण (j̈āṇ)
* Pali: ñāṇa
** → Burmese: ဉာဏ် (nyan)
** → Khmer: ញាណ (ñiən)
** → Thai: ญาณ (yaan)
* Prakrit:
** Gujarati: જાણ (jāṇ)
** Hindi: जान (jān)
** Punjabi: ਜਾਣ (jāṇ)
* → Assamese: জ্ঞান (gyan) (learned)
* → Bengali: জ্ঞান (gên) (learned)
* → English: jnana (learned)
* → Gujarati: જ્ઞાન (jñān) (learned)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: ज्ञान (jñān)
** Urdu: گیان (gyān)
* → Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna)
* → Nepali: ज्ञान (gyān)
* → Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (jñāna)
** Marathi: ज्ञान (jñān)
* → Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨ (giāna)
* → Old Tamil: 𑀜𑀸𑀷𑀫𑁆 (ñāṉam)
** Tamil: ஞானம் (ñāṉam)
* → Telugu: జ్ఞానము (jñānamu)
* → Sylheti: ꠉꠤꠀꠘ (gian)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ज्ञान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0426.