# ceist
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish ceist, from Latin quaestiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /cɛʃtʲ/

### Noun

ceist f (genitive singular ceiste, nominative plural ceisteanna)
* question [with ar ‘for’]
    Tá ceist agam ort.I have a question for you.

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
ceist
ceisteanna
vocative
a cheist
a cheisteanna
genitive
ceiste
ceisteanna
dative
ceist
ceisteanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an cheist
na ceisteanna
genitive
na ceiste
na gceisteanna
dative
leis an gceist don cheist
leis na ceisteanna :

#### Derived terms

* aincheist f (“dilemma”)
* ceisteach (“questioning, interrogative”, adjective)
* ceistigh (“question”, verb)
* croscheist f (“cross-question”)
* focheist f (“minor, subordinate question; odd, occasional inquiry”)
* i gceist (“in question”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ceist”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 389, page 130

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ceist”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ceist”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “ceist”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Latin quaestiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʲesʲtʲ/

### Noun

ceist f (genitive cestae, nominative plural cesti)
* question
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55$^d$11
    Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fodaimi? Air it fírián-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n-as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n-erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírián inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.

#### Inflection

Feminine ī-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | ceist$^L$ | ceist$^L$ | cestai$^H$ |
| Vocative | ceist$^L$ | ceist$^L$ | cestai$^H$ |
| Accusative | ceist$^N$ | ceist$^L$ | cestai$^H$ |
| Genitive | cestae$^H$ | cestae$^L$ | cestae$^N$ |
| Dative | ceist$^L$ | cestaib | cestaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: ceist
* Manx: keisht
* Scottish Gaelic: ceist

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ceist”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish ceist, from Latin quaestiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰʲeʃtʲ]

### Noun

ceist f (genitive singular ceiste, plural ceistean)
* question
    Bu toigh leam beagan cheistean a chur air an duine sin. ― I would like to ask that man a few questions.
    Cha robh ceist air a chur air. ― No question had been put to him.
* problem, dispute, controversy
    tha, gun cheist ― yes, indeed, undoubtedly
* darling
    tha, a cheist ― yes, darling
* regard
* anxiety
* puzzle

#### Derived terms

* aincheist (“dilemma”)
* ana-ceist (“difficulty, dilemma; puzzle, riddle”)
* ceist-fhacal (“interrogative”)
* ceist-leabhar, leabhar-cheist (“catechism, question-book”)
* ceist-phunc (“note of interrogation”)
* ceisteachan (“questionnaire”)
* ceistean àbhaisteach (“frequently asked questions”)
* dubh-cheist (“enigma”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “ceist”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ceist”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language