# áes
## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* aís, óes, oís

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːi̯s/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *aiwestom.

#### Noun

áes n (genitive aís, nominative plural áesa)
* age, years
** Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie, vi 58.15:
    Is áis cét bliadan dam.I am a hundred years of age.
* stage, period
* era (of the world)
* lifetime

##### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | áes$^N$ | áes$^N$ | áes$^L$, áesa |
| Vocative | áes$^N$ | áes$^N$ | áes$^L$, áesa |
| Accusative | áes$^N$ | áes$^N$ | áes$^L$, áesa |
| Genitive | aís$^L$ | áes | áes$^N$ |
| Dative | áes$^L$ | áesaib | áesaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Derived terms

* áesmar

##### Descendants

* Irish: aois
* Manx: eash
* Scottish Gaelic: aois

### Etymology 2

Perhaps, like etymology 1, derived from Proto-Celtic *aiw(i) (“in a lifetime”, locative).

#### Noun

áes m (genitive aíso)
* (collective) folk, people
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55$^d$11
    Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fo·daimi? Air it fírían-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n‑as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírían inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.

##### Usage notes

Almost always qualified by an adjective, a noun in the genitive case, or a relative clause describing what kind of folk are in question.

##### Inflection

Masculine u-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | áes, aís | — | — |
| Vocative | áes, aís | — | — |
| Accusative | áes$^N$, aís | — | — |
| Genitive | áeso$^H$, áesa$^H$, aíso$^H$ | — | — |
| Dative | áes$^L$, aís | — | — |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Derived terms

* áes carcre
* áes céilide
* áes comchotaig
* áes dána
* áes gráid
* áes léiginn
* áes noíb
* áes síde
* aís sechmaill

##### Descendants

* Irish: aos
* Scottish Gaelic: aos

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 áes ‘age’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 áes ‘people’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### References

* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1959) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume A, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page A-20