# bumper
## English
### Etymology

From bump +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbʌmpə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈbʌmpəɹ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmpə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: bump‧er

### Noun

bumper (plural bumpers)
* Someone or something that bumps.
* (obsolete) A drinking vessel filled to the brim.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:[T]hey now shook hands heartily, and drank bumpers of strong beer to healths which we think proper to bury in oblivion.
** 1756 February 3 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Englishman Return’d from Paris, Being the Sequel to The Englishman in Paris. A Farce […], London: […] Paul Vaillant, […], published 1756, →OCLC, Act I, page 27:Pork ſucceeds to Beef, Pies to Puddings: The Cloth is remov'd, Madam, drench'd vvith a Bumper, drops a Courtſey, and departs; […]
** 1818, John Keats, Written in the cottage where Burns was born:Yet can I gulp a bumper to thy name,— / O smile among the shades, for this is fame!
** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 8, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:Mr. Horrocks served myself and my pupils with three little glasses of wine, and a bumper was poured out for my lady.
** 1859, Charles Dickens, chapter XI, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:Sydney Carton drank the punch at a great rate; drank it by bumpers, looking at his friend.
** 1879, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, The Pirates of Penzance […], Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Co., published 1880, →OCLC:Pour, oh, pour the pirate sherry; / Fill, O fill the pirate glass; / And, to make us more than merry, / Let the pirate bumper pass.
* (colloquial, now chiefly attributive) Anything large or successful.
* (automotive) Parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision; fender.
* Any mechanical device used to absorb an impact, soften a collision, or protect against impact.
    The company sells screw-on rubber bumpers and feet.
* (cricket) A bouncer.
* (billiards) A side wall of a pool table.
* A cylindrical object used (as a substitute for birds) to train dogs to retrieve.
* (broadcasting) A short ditty or jingle used to separate a show from the advertisements.
* (slang, dated) A covered house at a theatre, etc., in honour of some favourite performer.
* (slang, Caribbean, Jamaica) A woman's posterior, particularly one that is considered full and desirable.
* (music) An extra musician (not notated in the score) who assists the principal French horn by playing less-exposed passages, so that the principal can save their 'lip' for difficult solos. Also applied to other sections of the orchestra.
* (pinball) An object on a playfield that applies force to the pinball when hit, often giving a minor increase in score.
* (Australia, slang) A cigarette butt.
* (horse racing) In National Hunt racing, a flat race for horses that have not yet competed either in flat racing or over obstacles.
* (video games) A shoulder button on a gamepad.

#### Derived terms

* bumper bar
* bumper bullet
* bumper car
* bumper crop
* bumperette
* bumperfish
* bumper jack
* bumper music
* bumper pool
* bumper-sticker
* bumper sticker
* bumper to bumper
* bumper-to-bumper
* donut bumper
* doughnut bumper
* front bumper
* meteor bumper
* ride one's bumper
* rubber baby buggy bumper
* taco bumper

#### Descendants

* Dutch: bumper
* Japanese: バンパー (banpā)
* Korean: 범퍼 (beompeo)
* Russian: ба́мпер (bámper)

#### Translations
### Adjective

bumper (not comparable)
* (colloquial) Wonderfully large; (as if) filled to the bumpers at the top of a silo.
    a bumper collection of silly jokes
    We harvested a bumper crop of arugula and parsnips this year.

#### Translations
### Verb

bumper (third-person singular simple present bumpers, present participle bumpering, simple past and past participle bumpered)
* (obsolete, intransitive) To drink from the vessels called bumpers.

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bompər/, [ˈb̥ɔmb̥ər]
* Homophone: bomber

### Verb

bumper
* present tense of bumpe

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bumper.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʏmpər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bum‧per
* Rhymes: -ʏmpər

### Noun

bumper m (plural bumpers, diminutive bumpertje n)
* bumper of a car, fender

#### Derived terms

* bumperkleven
* bumpersticker

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: bumper, bemper

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* bamper, bemper (nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Dutch bumper, from English bumper, from bump + -er.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbumpər/ [ˈbum.pər]
** Syllabification: bum‧per
* (nonstandard) IPA: /ˈbampər/ [ˈbam.pər]

### Noun

bumpêr
* bumper (parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision)

### Further reading

* “bumper” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Spanish
### Noun

bumper m (plural bumpers)
* bumper of a car