# एक
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Hindi एक (eka), from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka). Reinforced by Sanskrit एक (eka).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /eːk/
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

एक • (ek) (Urdu spelling ایک) (cardinal)
* one; 1

### Adjective

एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)
* sole, only
* united

#### Derived terms

* एक न एक (ek na ek)
* एक-दूसरे (ek-dūsre)
* एकजुट (ekjuṭ)
* एकदम (ekdam)
* एकभाषी (ekbhāṣī)

#### Related terms

* इकट्ठा (ikaṭṭhā)

## Konkani
### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

### Numeral

एक • (ek) (Latin script ek, Kannada script ಎಕ್)
* one

## Maithili
### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eːk]

### Numeral

एक • (ek)
* one

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ek/
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

एक • (ek)
* one

#### Derived terms

* एकटा (ekṭā, “alone”)
* एकपेशीय (ekapeśīya, “unicellular”)
* एकी (ekī, “unity”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “एक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ek]
* Phonetic Devanagari: एक्

### Numeral

एक • (ek)
* one

## Old Hindi
### Alternative forms

* इक (ika), हेक (heka)

### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

### Numeral

एक (eka)
* one
** c. 1500, Kabīr 77.1:एक जोति तैं सब उतपंना, कौंण वारंण कौंण सूदाeka joti taiṃ saba utapaṃnā, kauṃṇa vāraṃṇa kauṃṇa sūdāAll have arisen from one light, who is a brāhmaṇa and who is a śūdra?

#### Descendants

* Hindustani: ek
    Hindi: एक
    Urdu: ایک

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* eka (Latin script)
* 𑀏𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* এক (Bengali script)
* එක (Sinhalese script)
* ဧက or ဨက or ဢေၵ (Burmese script)
* เอก or เอกะ (Thai script)
* ᩑᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ເອກ or ເອກະ (Lao script)
* ឯក (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄬𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Numeral

एक (eka)
* Devanagari script form of eka (“one”)
** c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎ (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* এক (Assamese script)
* ᬏᬓ (Balinese script)
* এক (Bengali script)
* 𑰊𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀏𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* ဧက (Burmese script)
* એક (Gujarati script)
* ਏਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌏𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦌꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂉𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ಏಕ (Kannada script)
* ឯក (Khmer script)
* ເອກ (Lao script)
* ഏക (Malayalam script)
* ᡝᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘊𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᠧᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦪𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐊𑐎 (Newa script)
* ଏକ (Odia script)
* ꢍꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆍𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖊𑖎 (Siddham script)
* එක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩔𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚆𑚊 (Takri script)
* ஏக (Tamil script)
* ఏక (Telugu script)
* เอก (Thai script)
* ཨེ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒋𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨄𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ́j.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈeː.kɐ/

### Numeral

एक • (éka)
* one

### Adjective

एक • (éka) stem
* (with and without एव (eva)) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only
* the same, one and the same, identical
* one of two or many
* single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent
* sincere, truthful
* little, small
* (sometimes used as an indefinite article) a, an
* (in the plural) some, certain ones

#### Declension
### Noun

एक • (éka) stem, n
* unity, a unit (at the end of a compound)

#### Derived terms

* ऐक्य (aikya)

#### Descendants

Due to the indistinctive Middle Indo-Aryan vocable *ea ~ *ia resulting from the natural lenition of एक (eka), it was overwhelmingly replaced by the form *ekka in descendant languages.
* Dardic:
** Kalami: [script needed] (ak), [script needed] (akh)
** Gawar-Bati: یَک (yak)
** Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (ak)
** Kalasha: ek
** Kashmiri:
*** Arabic script: اَکھ (akh)
*** Devanagari script: अख (akh)
** Khowar: اِ (i)
** Phalura: آکھ (āk), آ (ā)
** Shina: ایٗک (aík)
** Savi: [script needed] (yak), [script needed] (ek)
** Shumashti: [script needed] (yek)
** Tirahi: [script needed] (īk)
** Torwali: [script needed] (ē), [script needed] (ēk)
** Ushojo: اک (ak)
* Eastern:
** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
*** Assamese: এক (ek), এ- (e-)
*** Bengali: এক (ek)
*** Bhojpuri: एगो (ēgō)
*** Maithili: एक (ēk)
*** Odia: ଏ (e)
*** Rohingya: [script needed] (ek)
* Southern:
** Elu:
*** Dhivehi: އެއް (ek̊)
*** Sinhalese: එක (eka)
** Maharastri Prakrit:
*** Konkani: एक (ēk)
*** Marathi: एक (ek)
* Pali: eka
** → Burmese: ဧက (eka.)
** → Khmer: ឯក (ʼaek)
** → Lao: ເອກ (ʼēk)
** → Thai: เอก (èek)
* Central:
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka) (see there for further descendants)
*** Apabhramsa: एक्क (ekka)
**** Central:
***** Old Hindi: एक (eka), इक (ika), हेक (heka)
****** Hindustani: ek
    Hindi: एक
    Urdu: ایک
**** Northern:
***** Garhwali: यक (yak)
***** Nepali: एक (ek)
***** Dogri:
    Devanagari script: इक (ik)
    Dogra script: 𑠂𑠊 (ika)
**** Northwestern:
***** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਕ (ikka)
    Shahmukhi script: اِکّ (īkk)
**** Western:
***** Saurashtra: ꢫꣂꢔ꣄ (yōg)
***** Gujarati: એક (eka)
***** Romani: jekh, ekh, yek, ek, äk, ăc
****** Angloromani: yek
* Northern:
** Sindhi: هڪ (hik)
** Lahnda: [script needed] (hekk), [script needed] (hikk)
** Kumaoni: एक (ek)
* → Old Javanese: eka
** Javanese: ꦲꦺꦏ (éka)
** → Balinese: ᬏᬓ (éka)
* → Kannada: ಏಕ (ēka)
* → Malay: ايک (eka)
** Indonesian: eka
* → Malayalam: ഏക (ēka), ഏകം (ēkaṁ)
* → Santali: ᱮᱠᱚ (ekô)
* → Telugu: ఏకము (ēkamu)
* → Thai: เอก (èek)
* → Prasuni: [script needed] (ipin)
* → Waigali: [script needed] (ew)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “एक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0227/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 262-3