OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arnzen
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Arntzen.

### Proper noun

Arnzen (plural Arnzens)
* A surname from German.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Arnzen is the 42094th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 516 individuals. Arnzen is most common among White (98.64%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Arnzen”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 58.
# دقاق
## Arabic

* Root
* د ق ق (d q q)
* 7 terms

### Noun

دَقَّاق • (daqqāq) m (plural دَقَّاقُون (daqqāqūn))
* flour-merchant, flourmonger

#### Declension
### Adjective

دَقَّاق • (daqqāq) (feminine دَقَّاقَة (daqqāqa), masculine plural دَقَّاقُونَ (daqqāqūna), feminine plural دَقَّاقَات (daqqāqāt))
* someone or something that constantly crushes, pounds, knocks etc. what دَقَّ (daqqa) means

#### Declension
### Noun

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.
دَقَّاق • (daqqāq) m (plural دَقَّاقَات (daqqāqāt))
* hydraulic breaker
* jackhammer

#### Declension
### Adjective

دِقَاق • (diqāq) m pl
* inflection of دَقِيق (daqīq):
** animate masculine plural
** inanimate masculine plural
** feminine plural

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From the root د ق ق (d q q); "to knock".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daˈɡaːɡ/

### Noun

دَقَّاق • (daggāg) m (plural دَقَّاقات (daggāgāt))
* hydraulic breaker
* jackhammer

#### See also

* شيول (šēwal, “loader”)
* حَفَّار (ḥaffār, “excavator”)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَقَّاق (daqqāq, “flourmonger”).

### Noun

دقاق • (dakkak) (definite accusative دقاغی (dakkağı), plural دقاقلر (dakkaklar))
* flour-monger, flour-merchant, a seller of or dealer in flour
    Synonym: اونجی (uncu)
* someone or something that habitually crushes, pounds, knocks etc.

#### Descendants

* Turkish: dakkak

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dakkak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1080
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Farina”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 552
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دقاق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2101
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دقاق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 907
# ісламізація
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

By surface analysis, ісламіз- (islamiz-) +‎ -ація (-acija). Cognate with Russian исламиза́ция (islamizácija), Belarusian ісламіза́цыя (islamizácyja), Polish islamizacja. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [isɫɐmʲiˈzat͡sʲijɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ісламіза́ція • (islamizácija) f inan (genitive ісламіза́ції, uncountable)
* Islamization

#### Related terms

* ісламізува́ти impf or pf (islamizuváty)
* ісла́мський (islámsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ісламізація”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “ісламізація”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “ісламізація”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “ісламізація”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# massal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch massaal, from Latin [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmasal/ [ˈma.sal]
* Rhymes: -asal
* Syllabification: mas‧sal

### Adjective

massal
* massive
    Synonym: masif
* mass:
** involving a mass of things; concerning a large quantity or number.
** involving a mass of people; of, for, or by the masses.

#### Alternative forms

* masal

#### Related terms

* masif
* massa

### Further reading

* “massal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# quick time event
## English
### Etymology

Introduced by the Japanese 1999 action-adventure video game Shenmue.

### Noun

quick time event (plural quick time events)
* (video games) An interactive cut scene-like sequence in a video game where the player has a limited time in which to push a button, or sequence of buttons, displayed on screen.
# Tinamisan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From tinamisan (“sweetened”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tinaˈmisan/ [t̪ɪ.n̪ɐˈmiː.sɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -isan
* Syllabification: Ti‧na‧mi‧san

### Proper noun

Tinamisan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜋᜒᜐᜈ᜔)
* a surname from Tagalog, most common in Batangas and Quezon
# smart arse
## English
### Alternative forms

* smart-arse, smartarse

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

smart arse (plural smart arses)
* (idiomatic, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) One who is particularly flippant or insolent or tends to make snide remarks or jokes.

#### Synonyms

* know-all
* know-it-all
* smart alec
* smart ass (US)
* wiseacre
* wise guy

#### Derived terms

* smart-arsed

### Anagrams

* Satmarers, arsesmart
# darasi
## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dá.rà.síː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [də́.rə̀.síː]

### Noun

dar̃àsī m (plural dar̃ussā̀, possessed form dar̃àsin)
* lesson

### References

* Awde, Nicholas (1996) Hausa-English/English-Hausa Dictionary, New York, USA: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, page 29
* Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 43.
# європеїзація
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* европеїза́ція (evropejizácija) — 1928-1933 spelling

### Etymology

By surface analysis, європеїз- (jevropejiz-) +‎ -ація (-acija). Cognate with Russian европеиза́ция (jevropeizácija), Belarusian европеіза́цыя (jevropjeizácyja), Polish europeizacja. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jeu̯rɔpejiˈzat͡sʲijɐ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sʲijɐ
* Hyphenation: єв‧ро‧пе‧ї‧за‧ція

### Noun

європеїза́ція • (jevropejizácija) f inan (genitive європеїза́ції, uncountable)
* Europeanization
    Synonym: європеїзува́ння (jevropejizuvánnja)

#### Related terms

* європеїзува́ти impf or pf (jevropejizuváty)
* європейський (jevropejsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “європеїзація”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “європеїзація”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “європеїзація”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “європеїзація”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# tiết
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tiət̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [tiək̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tiək̚˦˥]
* Homophone: tiếc

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 節. Doublet of Tết.

#### Noun

tiết • (節)
* (rare) Clipping of tiết khí (“solar term”).
    tiết đại hàn ― the "majorly cold" solar term
* (of the weather) a period
    tiết trời mát dịu ― a cool day
* (education) a period
    tiết 1 ― first period
    Một tiết kéo dài 45 phút.Each period lasts for 45 minutes.
    Hôm nay học 4 tiết.We'll stay at school for 4 periods today.

##### Derived terms

* âm tiết (音節, “syllable”)
* chi tiết (枝節, “a detail; component”)
* đa tiết (多節, “polysyllabic”)
* đơn tiết (單節, “monosyllabic”)
* hoạ tiết (畫節, “pattern”)
* khí tiết
* song tiết (雙節, “disyllabic”)
* thì tiết (“weather”)
* thời tiết (時節, “weather”)
* thủ tiết (守節, “(literary) remaining unmarried after a husband's death”)
* tiết chế (節制, “to restrain; moderate; regulate”)
* tiết khí
* tiết kiệm (節儉, “savings”)
* tiết liệt (節烈, “boundlessly faithful”)
* tiết mục (節目, “item (on a programme)”)
* tiểu tiết (小節, “minute details”)
* tình tiết (情節, “details; circumstances”)
* trinh tiết (貞節, “chastity; virginity”)
* tuẫn tiết (殉節, “(literary) to kill oneself for an ideal”)

##### Related terms

* Tết

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 洩.

#### Verb

tiết
* to leak; to secrete; to emit

##### Derived terms

* nội tiết tố (內洩素, “hormone”)
* nội tiết (內洩, “endocrine”)
* tiết lộ (洩露, “to reveal, to disclose”)
* túi tiết (“vesicle”)

### Etymology 3

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 血 (“blood”, SV: huyết).

#### Noun

tiết
* blood of slaughtered animal
* (colloquial) bile; irritation

##### Derived terms

* cáu tiết (furious; enraged; very angry)
* chọc tiết ((livestock) to bleed)
* điên tiết (furious; rabid; outraged; flying into a rage)
* nóng tiết
* tiết canh (raw blood pudding)

### Etymology 4
#### Romanization

tiết
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 泌

##### Derived terms

* hệ tiết niệu (“urinary system”)
* tiết niệu (泌尿, “urinary”)
# dragnet
## English
### Etymology

From drag +‎ net, probably based on the model of Middle English draynet, dreynett (“dragnet”), Old English dræġnet, dræġnett (“dragnet”), equivalent to dray +‎ net. Cognate with Swedish dragnät, Norwegian dragnett, from Icelandic dragnet.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

dragnet (plural dragnets)
* (fishing) A net dragged across the bottom of a body of water.
** 2000, Transition to Responsible Fisheries Economic and Policy Implications‎, OECD Publishing, →ISBN, page 228:Anchovy dragnets are an important part Korea's fishing sector. Over 99% of catches found in anchovy dragnets are anchovy. Although the annual total catches of anchovy have fluctuated, dragnets catch 55 to 70% of the total annual catch of anchovy. The remaining portion is caught with drift gill nets (10%) and other fishing methods.
* (law enforcement) Heightened efforts by law enforcement personnel undertaken in order to capture suspects.
** 2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26:The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. […] who, if anyone, is policing their use[?] Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.

#### Derived terms

* dragnet mortgage

#### Translations
### Verb

dragnet (third-person singular simple present dragnets, present participle dragnetting, simple past and past participle dragnetted)
* (fishing, transitive) To drag a net across the bottom of a body of water.
** 2013, Brian Andrews, Ornamental Fish Farming:When ponds are cleaned out periodically, fish are trapped or dragnetted and finally the pond is drained to remove all fish.
* (law enforcement, transitive) To undertake heightened efforts to catch a suspect.
** 2010, Florence O'Donoghue, IRA Jailbreaks 1918-1921‎, →ISBN, page 164:In fact, Carty was not the man, but, after a police swoop had dragnetted twenty men suspected of having taken part in the business, he was lodged in Sligo jail and accused of this violence to the lady.
** 2013 September 19, Audrey Black, “Targeting Oppression”, in Eugene Weekly‎:A May Day anti-capitalist protest last year in Seattle saw clashes between police and protesters, and the FBI had been dragnetting potential anarchists.

### Anagrams

* granted
# глодати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glodati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlǒdati/
* Hyphenation: гло‧да‧ти

### Verb

гло̀дати impf (Latin spelling glòdati)
* (transitive) to gnaw

#### Derived terms

* гло̀да̄р
* изгло̀дати
* огло̀дати
* прогло̀дати
# blóta
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* blóte (e and split infinitives)

### Etymology

From Old Norse blóta, from Proto-Germanic *blōtaną.

### Verb

blóta (present tense blótar, past tense blóta, past participle blóta, passive infinitive blótast, present participle blótande, imperative blóta/blót)
* (historical) to sacrifice

### Noun

blóta n
* definite plural of blót

### References

* “blóta” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *blōtaną.

### Verb

blóta (singular past indicative blét, plural past indicative blétu, past participle blótinn)
* (Germanic paganism, transitive) to worship (with sacrifice) [with accusative]
    Rauðgrani taldi heiðni ok forneskju fyrir mǫnnum Gests, ok taldi þat bezt at blóta til heilla sér.Raudgrani related heathendom and ancient practice to the men of Gest, and said it was best to sacrifice for one's luck.
** Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar (AM 61 fol manuscript, normalised orthography)
    Gestrinn svarar: "Ǫgvaldr var konungr ok hermaðr mikill. Hann blótaði mest kú eina, ok hafði hana með sér hvar sem hann fór, á sjá eðr landi. Þótt honum heilsamligt at drekka jafnan mjǫlk hennar. Ok er sá orðskviðr þaðan er margir hafa, at allt skal fara saman karl ok kýr."The guest answers: "Ǫgvaldr was a king and a great warrior. He foremost worshipped a single cow and had her with him whereever he travelled, on sea or on land. He thought it wholesome to constantly be drinking her milk, and thereof is the saying which many know, that 'man and cow should always go together.'
* (Germanic paganism, transitive) to sacrifice [with dative]

#### Usage notes

The accusative refers to that which is worshipped, and the dative refers to that which is sacrificed.

#### Related terms

* blót n (“ritual feast; sacrifice”)

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “blóta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 60; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/60 Internet Archive]
# زمر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *zamar-. From the root ز م ر (z m r). Compare Hebrew זימר / זִמֵּר (zimér).

#### Verb

زَمَرَ • (zamara) I (non-past يَزْمُرُ (yazmuru), verbal noun زَمْر (zamr) or زَمِير (zamīr) or زَمَرَان (zamarān)) زَمَرَ • (zamara) I (non-past يَزْمِرُ (yazmiru), verbal noun زَمْر (zamr) or زَمِير (zamīr) or زَمَرَان (zamarān))
* to play a reed instrument

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

زَمَّرَ • (zammara) II (non-past يُزَمِّرُ (yuzammiru), verbal noun تَزْمِير (tazmīr))
* to play a reed instrument

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

زُمَر • (zumar) pl
* plural of زُمْرَة (zumra)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ز م ر
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic زَمَّرَ (zammara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zam.mar/, [ˈzam.mar]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

زمّر • (zammar) II (present بزمّر (bizammer))
* to honk, to beep
# Boland
## English
### Etymology 1

Various origins:
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Beolláin (“descendant of Beollán”), a personal name of uncertain origin.
* A variant of Bowland, an English habitational surname.
* Borrowed from German Boland, a surname of uncertain origin.

#### Proper noun

Boland (plural Bolands)
* A surname.

##### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Boland is the 3092nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 11631 individuals. Boland is most common among White (91.7%) individuals.

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

Boland
* A region of Western Cape province, South Africa, situated to the northeast of Cape Town.
    Synonym: Cape Winelands

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Boland”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 186.

### Anagrams

* Blando, bandlo

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From bo +‎ land.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʊə̯.lant/

### Proper noun

Boland
* An upland, inland region in the Western Cape, to the northeast of Cape Town and to the southwest of the Karoo.

#### Derived terms

* Bolands
# липнути
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɫɪpnʊte]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьpnǫti, synonym of *lьpěti. Compare Russian ли́пнуть (lípnutʹ), Belarusian лі́пнуць (lípnucʹ).

#### Verb

ли́пнути • (lýpnuty) impf [with до (do, + genitive) ‘to’] (intransitive)
* to stick, to adhere
    Synonym: прикле́юватися impf (prykléjuvatysja)
* (figuratively) to feel drawn (towards)
* (figuratively) to cling
    Synonym: чіпля́тися impf (čipljátysja)

##### Derived terms

* злипа́тися impf (zlypátysja), зли́пнутися pf (zlýpnutysja), зли́птися pf (zlýptysja)
* налипа́ти impf (nalypáty), нали́пнути pf (nalýpnuty)
* прилипа́ти impf (prylypáty), прили́пнути pf (prylýpnuty)

### Etymology 2

Possibly from ли́пати (lýpaty) +‎ -нути (-nuty). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Verb

ли́пнути • (lýpnuty) pf (imperfective ли́пати)
* (dialectal, intransitive) to blink
    Synonyms: клі́пнути pf (klípnuty), лу́пнути pf (lúpnuty), моргну́ти pf (morhnúty)

##### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “липнути”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 238

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “липнути”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2017), “липнути”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (л – мішу́рний), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “липнути”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “липнути”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “липнути”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “липнути”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “липнути”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ηθελημένος
## Greek
### Etymology

Calque of German gewillt. Learnedly but erroneously formed as a passive perfect participle of θέλω (thélo), from Ancient Greek ἐθέλω (ethélō) (which has no such participle), by analogy with ημαρτημένος (imartiménos), archaic/learned passive perfect participle of αμαρτάνω (amartáno), from Ancient Greek ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō) / ἡμᾰρτημένος (hēmărtēménos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.θe.liˈme.nos/
* Hyphenation: η‧θε‧λη‧μέ‧νος

### Participle

ηθελημένος • (itheliménos) m (feminine ηθελημένη, neuter ηθελημένο)
* intentional, wilful

#### Derived terms

* ηθελημένα (itheliména, adverb)

### References

* ↑ ηθελημένος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# diofla
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdi͜uːf.lɑ/, [ˈdi͜uːv.lɑ]

### Noun

dīofla
* genitive plural of dīofol
# jedynie
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* jedynnie, jedzinie (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

From jedyny +‎ -ie. The form with the hard -d- was originally a dialectal result of depalatalization that occurred in Lesser Poland, but ultimately displaced the form with -dz-. First attested in 1522. Compare Kashubian jedinie / jedënie and Silesian jedzinie / jedynie for the hard/soft variation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛˈdɘ.ɲɛ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /jɛˈdɨ.ɲɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘɲɛ
* Syllabification: je‧dy‧nie

### Particle

jedynie
* only, merely (without others or anything further; exclusively)
    Synonym: tylko
* usually with an adjective, emphasizing something that is just or necessary; only, merely
    jedynie słuszny pogląd ― the only just view

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jedynie is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 53 times in scientific texts, 25 times in news, 37 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 139 times, making it the 428th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “jedynie”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jedynie”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jedynie”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 164

### Further reading

* jedynie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* jedynie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wiesław Morawski (09.10.2018) “JEDYNIE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jedynie”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jedynie”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jedynie”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 165
# aries
## Asturian
### Adjective

aries
* feminine plural of ariu

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* arēs, arētem (dialectal but underlying most Romance)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *arjēts ~ *erjēts (compare Umbrian 𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌕𐌖 (erietu)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“young domesticated caprine”). Cognate with Old Irish heirp, erb (“kid”), Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos, “kid”), displaying a different suffix, and perhaps Old Armenian որոջ (oroǰ, “lamb”), երինջ (erinǰ, “heifer”). However, as the cognates demonstrate, this has the characteristics of a substrate word.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.ri.eːs/, [ˈärieːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.ri.es/, [ˈäːries]

### Noun

ariēs m (genitive arietis); third declension
* ram, male sheep
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.101–102:cum mare trux ariēs cornū dēcertat; at īdem frontem dīlēctae laedere parcit ovis.With [another] male, the fierce ram fights it out with his horn, but the same [ram] is careful to spare the forehead of a beloved ewe.
* battering ram
* beam, prop

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Coordinate terms

* agnus
* ovis

#### Derived terms

* arietārius
* arietīnus
* arietō

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: areati
* Champenois: aroi
* Corsican: arghjetu
* Franco-Provençal: arêt
* Istro-Romanian: arete
* Ligurian: ajou (Genoan)
* Megleno-Romanian: ăreati, ręti
* Romanian: arete
Borrowings:
* → Catalan: ariet
* → English: Aries
* → Italian: ariete
* → Portuguese: aríete
* → Spanish: ariete

### See also

* arvix
* harvix

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ariēs, -etis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54

### Further reading

* “aries”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aries”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* aries in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the battering-ram strikes the wall: aries murum attingit, percutit
* “aries”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “aries”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin