# 𑀫𑀭𑀡
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa.

### Noun

𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n
* death, dying
** c. 257 BCE, Aśoka, Major Rock Edict 13 Girnar line 1:[𑀯]𑀥𑁄-𑀯 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀅𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁄-𑀯 𑀚𑀦𑀲 𑀢 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀦-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸[𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺] [𑀲][va]dho-va maraṇaṃ-va apavāho-va janasa ta bāḍhaṃ vedana-mata-ca guru-mata-ca devā[naṃpi] [sa]slaughter, death, and deportation of people, this is considered very painful and deplorable by Dēvānaṁpriya

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Girnar.
Dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀫𑀮𑀦 (malana) |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) |
| Northwest | Mansehra | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) |
| West | Girnar | 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) :
* 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) (2) 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) (1) 𑀫𑀮𑀦 (malana) (1)

#### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨨𐨪𐨣 (marana)
* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* Hultzsch, E[ugen Julius Theodor] (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 250.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567

## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa), from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa, Gandhari 𐨨𐨪𐨣 (marana).

### Noun

𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n (Devanagari मरण, Gujarati મરણ, Kannada ಮರಣ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Ardhamāgadhī)
* death, dying
** c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 42:𑀆𑀭𑀁𑀪𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀥𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀁𑀪𑁂-𑀯𑀺 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀉𑀡 𑀡 𑀳𑁄𑀇āraṃbhaṃtassa dhuaṃ lacchī maraṇaṃ-va hoi purisassa taṃ maraṇaṃ aṇāraṃbhe-vi hoi lacchī uṇa ṇa hoi2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman TiekenIf a man shows initiative, there is the prospect of either wealth or death. Even if he lacks initiative, death is certain, wealth is not.
** c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XI, line 83:𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀅𑀭-𑀳𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀓𑀏𑀡 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀟𑀺𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀽𑀠𑀁 𑀡𑀸𑀳 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁂 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚-𑀯𑀺 𑀥𑀭𑀇 𑀅𑀓𑀅𑀡𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀫𑀳 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅𑀁bolīṇo maara-haro majjha kaeṇa maraṇaṃ-pi de paḍivaṇṇaṃ ṇivvūḍhaṃ ṇāha tume ajja-vi dharaï akaaṇuaṃ maha hiaaṃ1974 translation by Krishna Kanta HandiqueThou didst cross the ocean, and accept even death for my sake. Thy task, my lord, was fulfilled, but my ungrateful heart beats even now.

#### Derived terms

* Chhattisgarhi: मरनी (marnī)
* Gojri: مَرنِی (marnī)
* Hindi: मरनी (marnī)
* Saraiki: مَرْنا (marnā)
* Sindhi: marṇo
    Arabic script: مَرْڻو
    Devanagari script: मर्णो
    Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋙𑋪𑋌𑋧

#### Descendants

* Ahirani: मरन (maran)
* Old Gujarati: मरण (maraṇa)
** Gujarati: મરણ (maraṇ)
** Malvi: मरण (maraṇ)
** Marwari:
    Devanagari script: मरण (maraṇ)
    Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅭𑅢 (mrṇ)
* Old Hindi: मरन (marana)
** Hindustani: maran
    Hindi: मरन
    Urdu: مَرَن
** Maithili: maran
    Devanagari script: मरन
    Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒩𑒢
* Old Marathi: maraṇa
    Devanagari script: मरण
    Modi script: 𑘦𑘨𑘜
** Marathi: मरण (maraṇ)
* Nepali: मरन (maran)
* Old Punjabi: ਮਰਨੁ (maranu)
** Punjabi: maran
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਨ
    Shahmukhi script: مَرَن
* Sinhalese: මරණ (maraṇa)

### Further reading

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “मरण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 674.
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 114, 133, 250
* Otto von Böhtlingk (1877) “मरण”, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter “Prakrit-Index”) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., →OCLC, page 338 of 372
* Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 84, 20, 105.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567