OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# каꙗньць
## Old Novgorodian
### Etymology

First attested in c. 1360‒1380. By surface analysis, каꙗне (kajane) +‎ -ьць (-ĭćĭ). Compare Old East Slavic каꙗнинъ (kajaninŭ, “Kajanian”), attested in 1496.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ка‧ꙗ‧нь‧ць

### Noun

каꙗньць • (kajanĭćĭ) m
* (hapax) Kajanian person (inhabitant of the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, northwestern region of Finland known as Ostrobothnia)
** c. 1360‒1380, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 286 [Birchbark letter no. 286]‎, Novgorod:… а тꙑ ходи не боисѧ миро взѧлѣ на (с)[т]арои межѣ юриѧ кнѧзѧ (а ме)[н]ѧ послалѣ корѣлѣ на каѧно море а (не п)омѣшаі не испакости каѧнецамо ни соби присловиѧ …… a ty xodi ne boisę miro vzęlě na (s)[t]aroi mežě juriję knęzę (a me)[n]ję poslalě korělě na kajęno more a (ne p)oměšai ne ispakosti kajęnećamo ni sobi prisloviję …… Make your rounds, don't be afraid; they have made peace on the old border of Prince Jurij. And they have sent [me] to Karelia to the Kajan Sea. (Can you imagine:) You (i.e., 'I') shouldn't hinder, shouldn't do harm to the Kajan people, and shouldn't make a bad name for yourself! …
** Kareli, Karelian (male)
    Synonym: корѣла (korěla)
** Kven (male)
    Synonyms: лопь (lopĭ), лопине (lopine)
** Swede (male)
    Synonym: нѣмьць (němĭćĭ)

#### Related terms

* каꙗне (kajane)
* Каꙗно море n (Kajano more)

### References

* ↑ Yanin, Valentin (1998) Я послал тебе бересту… (in Russian), Москва: Школа «Языки русской культуры», →ISBN, page 76
* ↑ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 746

### Further reading

* “каꙗньць”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025
# գովասան
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* գովքասան (govkʻasan)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian գովասան (govasan); see below.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡovɑˈsɑn/, [ɡovɑsɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kovɑˈsɑn/, [kʰovɑsɑ́n]

### Noun

գովասան • (govasan)
* one that praises, praiser

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Usually considered an inner-Armenian formation as գով (gov) +‎ ասեմ (asem) +‎ -ան (-an), but Asatryan argues for a possibility of borrowing from early Parthian *gōβ(a)sān (“praise-sayer, panegyrist”), on which see 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗 (gwsʾn). See also վիպասան (vipasan).

### Noun

գովասան • (govasan)
* one that praises, praiser, panegyrist

#### Derived terms

* գովասանական (govasanakan)
* գովասանեմ (govasanem)
* գովասանութիւն (govasanutʻiwn)

#### Related terms

* գուսան (gusan) (possibly)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: գովասան (govasan)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գովասան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գովասան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “գով”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Асатрян, Г. С. (2013) “Парфянское gōsān [Parthian gōsān]”, in С. Р. Тохтасьев, П. Б. Лурье, editors, Commentationes Iranicae. Сборник статей к 90-летию Владимира Ароновича Лившица‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, →ISBN, page 104 of 102–105
# къӏв
## Archi
### Letter

къӏв (q̣ʷʼ) (lower case, upper case Къӏв)
* The thirty-ninth letter of the Archi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аа аа, Аӏ аӏ, Ааӏ ааӏ, Ы ы, Б б, В в, Г г, Гв гв, Гь гь, Гъ гъ, Гъв гъв, Гъӏ гъӏ, Гъӏв гъӏв, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ее ее, Еӏ еӏ, Ж ж, Жв жв, З з, Зв зв, И и, Ии ии, Иӏ иӏ, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Кв кв, Ккв ккв, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏв кӏв, Къ къ, Къв къв, Ккъ ккъ, Къӏ къӏ, Ккъӏ ккъӏ, Къӏв къӏв, Ккъӏв ккъӏв, Кь кь, Кьв кьв, Л л, Лъ лъ, Ллъ ллъ, Лъв лъв, Ллъв ллъв, Лӏ лӏ, Лӏв лӏв, М м, Н н, О о, Оо оо, Оӏ оӏ, Ооӏ ооӏ, П п, Пп пп, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Сс сс, Св св, Т т, Тт тт, Тӏ тӏ, Тв тв, У у, Уу уу, Уӏ уӏ, Х х, Хх хх, Хв хв, Ххв ххв, Хӏ хӏ, Хьӏ хьӏ, Ххьӏ ххьӏ, Хьӏв хьӏв, Ххьӏв ххьӏв, Хъ хъ, Хъв хъв, Хъӏ хъӏ, Хъӏв хъӏв, Ц ц, Цв цв, Цӏ цӏ, Ццӏ ццӏ, Ч ч, Чв чв, Чӏ чӏ, Чӏв чӏв, Ш ш, Щ щ, Шв шв, Щв щв, Э э, Ээ ээ, Эӏ эӏ
# зафэ
## Adyghe
### Etymology

From Proto-Circassian *zāxʷa.

### Pronunciation

* (Adyghe dialect) IPA: [zaːfa]

### Adjective

зафэ • (zafɛ)
* straight, just (good person)
    лӏэр зафэ ― lˢʼɛr zafɛ ― The man is straight.
    лӏы зафэм идэжь шъукӏу — Go to the straight man. (Said to plural)

#### Synonyms

* захуэ (zaxʷɛ) (Kabardian dialect)
# psiholoģiskākās
## Latvian
### Adjective

psiholoģiskākās
* locative plural feminine of psiholoģiskāks

### Adjective

psiholoģiskākās
* inflection of psiholoģiskākais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# siecle
## French
### Noun

siecle m (plural siecles)
* Obsolete form of siècle.

### Further reading

* “siècle”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* ciselé, cisèle

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French siecle.

### Noun

siecle m (plural siecles)
* century (period of 100 years)

#### Descendants

* French: siècle, siecle (obsolete)
** Haitian Creole: syèk
** Swedish: sekel
* Norman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* ciecle
* secle
* sekle
* seule (9th century)
* sicle

### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin saeculum (the expected inherited form would be *sieil).

### Noun

siecle oblique singular, m (oblique plural siecles, nominative singular siecles, nominative plural siecle)
* generation, lifetime
* age, time
* century (period of 100 years)
** mid-late 11th century, anonymous author, Vie de saint Alexis [Life of saint Alexius] (overall work in Old French), stanza 1; republished as Gaston Paris, editor, La vie de saint Alexis (Recueil de travaux originaux ou traduits; 5)‎, Paris, 1872, page 139:Bons fut li siecles al tens ancienor, Quer feit i ert e justise et amor, Si ert credance, dont or n’i at nul protGood were the centuries in the ancient time, for both justice and love were accomplished, thus there was faith, which is now no advantage
* worldliness; the world

#### Descendants

* Middle French: siecle
** French: siècle, siecle (obsolete)
*** Haitian Creole: syèk
*** Swedish: sekel
** Norman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (siecle)
* secle on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
* Etymology and history of “siècle”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# snow storms
## English
### Noun

snow storms
* plural of snow storm
# шыхъон
## Adyghe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃəχʷan]

### Verb

шыхъон • (šəχʷon) ($^{???}$ please indicate transitivity!)
* to friction
    пхъэр анэм шэхъо ― pχɛr anɛm šɛχʷo ― the wood is fractioning the table.
    анэр дэпкъым шыхъуагъ ― anɛr dɛpqəm šəχʷağ ― the table fractioned with the wall.
# ꦱꦶꦮꦂ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.war/
* Rhymes: -war
* Hyphenation: si‧war

### Noun

ꦱꦶꦮꦂ (siwar)
* whisker
* dorsal fin

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: siwar

### Further reading

* “siwar” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# սէգ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* սեգ (seg)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeygʰ- (“to jump; lively, brisk”). Cognates include Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghrá-, “quick, speedy”), Russian сигать (sigatʹ, “to jump”) and Old English hīgian (“to strive, hasten”) (English hie). The original meaning of Armenian must have been “walking proudly” as shown by սիգամ (sigam, “to strut”), սիգաքայլ (sigakʻayl, “walking or curveting proudly”), etc.

### Adjective

սէգ • (sēg)
* imperious, high, haughty, supercilious, arrogant, proud, superb
    սէգ առ հանդերձ ― sēg aṙ handerj ― fond of dress, smart, spruce, dandy
    սէգ առնուլ ― sēg aṙnul ― to strut, to stalk, to walk in a proud manner, with an air of ostentation or self complacency; to bridle up, to give oneself airs, to carry one's head too high
* effeminate (of man)

#### Derived terms

* սիգաճեմեմ (sigačemem)
* սիգամ (sigam)
* սիգանձն (siganjn)
* սիգանք (sigankʻ)
* սիգաշարժ (sigašarž)
* սիգապանծ (sigapanc)
* սիգաքայլ (sigakʻayl)
* սիգութիւն (sigutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: սեգ (seg) (learned)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “սէգ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “սէգ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “սէգ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# ллъ
## Archi
### Letter

ллъ (llʰ) (lower case, upper case Ллъ)
* The forty-fifth letter of the Archi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аа аа, Аӏ аӏ, Ааӏ ааӏ, Ы ы, Б б, В в, Г г, Гв гв, Гь гь, Гъ гъ, Гъв гъв, Гъӏ гъӏ, Гъӏв гъӏв, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ее ее, Еӏ еӏ, Ж ж, Жв жв, З з, Зв зв, И и, Ии ии, Иӏ иӏ, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Кв кв, Ккв ккв, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏв кӏв, Къ къ, Къв къв, Ккъ ккъ, Къӏ къӏ, Ккъӏ ккъӏ, Къӏв къӏв, Ккъӏв ккъӏв, Кь кь, Кьв кьв, Л л, Лъ лъ, Ллъ ллъ, Лъв лъв, Ллъв ллъв, Лӏ лӏ, Лӏв лӏв, М м, Н н, О о, Оо оо, Оӏ оӏ, Ооӏ ооӏ, П п, Пп пп, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Сс сс, Св св, Т т, Тт тт, Тӏ тӏ, Тв тв, У у, Уу уу, Уӏ уӏ, Х х, Хх хх, Хв хв, Ххв ххв, Хӏ хӏ, Хьӏ хьӏ, Ххьӏ ххьӏ, Хьӏв хьӏв, Ххьӏв ххьӏв, Хъ хъ, Хъв хъв, Хъӏ хъӏ, Хъӏв хъӏв, Ц ц, Цв цв, Цӏ цӏ, Ццӏ ццӏ, Ч ч, Чв чв, Чӏ чӏ, Чӏв чӏв, Ш ш, Щ щ, Шв шв, Щв щв, Э э, Ээ ээ, Эӏ эӏ
# зыгъэухьазырын
## Adyghe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ħaːzərən]

### Verb

зыгъэухьазырын • (zəğɛwuḥazərən)
* to get ready
    згъэухьазыр ― zğɛwuḥazər ― Get ready.
    Кӏалэм дэкӏнэу зигъэухьазырэгъ ― Kʼalɛm dɛkʼnɛwu ziğɛwuḥazərɛğ ― The boy got ready to go out.
    зысгъэухьазыры сышхынэу ― zəsğɛwuḥazərə səšxənɛwu ― I got ready to eat.
    Кӏалэр дэхьэ зегъэухьазыры ― Kʼalɛr dɛḥɛ zeğɛwuḥazərə ― The boy still getting ready.
    Мары зысзгъэухьазырыт ― Marə zəszğɛwuḥazərət ― I will get ready soon.
    зытгъэухьазыргъэп непэ ― zətğɛwuḥazərğɛp nepɛ ― We didn't got ready today.
# psiholoģiskās
## Latvian
### Adjective

psiholoģiskās
* locative plural feminine of psiholoģisks

### Adjective

psiholoģiskās
* inflection of psiholoģiskais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# patung
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* patoeng (1901–1947)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay patung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpatʊŋ/
* Hyphenation: pa‧tung
* Rhymes: -tʊŋ, -ʊŋ, -ŋ

### Noun

patung (plural patung-patung)
* statue
* idol
    Synonym: arca
* doll
    Synonyms: anak-anakan, boneka, golek

#### Derived terms

* mematung
* mematungkan
* pematung
* patung bojog
* patung peraga

### Noun

patung (plural patung-patung)
* (rare) dragonfly

#### Synonyms

* capung
* papatong
* pepatung (Malay)
* sibar
* sibur-sibur
* sipatung

### Noun

patung (plural patung-patung)
* Malayan leaffish (Pristolepis fasciata).

#### Synonyms

* empatung
* ketoprak
* sepatung

### Further reading

* “patung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /patuŋ/
* Rhymes: -atuŋ, -tuŋ, -uŋ
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ˈpät̪ʊŋ, -t̪oŋ, -t̪o̞ŋ]

### Noun

patung (Jawi spelling ڤاتوڠ, plural patung-patung, informal 1st possessive patungku, 2nd possessive patungmu, 3rd possessive patungnya)
* statue
* doll
* (religion) an idol, something used to worship gods
    Synonym: (archaic, dated, uncommon) arca

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: patung (inherited)
* > Peranakan Indonesian: patoeng (inherited)

### Further reading

* “patung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /patuŋ/ [paˈt̪uŋ]
* Rhymes: -uŋ
* Syllabification: pa‧tung

### Noun

patung (Sulat Sūg spelling فَتُڠْ)
* bamboo
# going with the flow of traffic
## English
### Verb

going with the flow of traffic
* present participle and gerund of go with the flow of traffic
# шӏоигъоджэн
## Adyghe
### Etymology

шӏоигъон (šʷʼojiğʷon) +‎ -дж (-dž)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃʷajəʁʷad͡ʒan]

### Verb

шӏоигъоджэн • (šʷʼojiğʷodžɛn)
* to dislike greatly, to detest
    Саусырыкъо зэрэкӏэмыхьагъэр лъэшэу шӏоигъоджагъ ― Sawusərəqʷo zɛrɛkʼɛməḥağɛr lˢɛšɛwu šʷʼojiğʷodžağ ― Sosruko really disliked the fact that he didn't catch up with him.
* to not want
# otpaci
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

otpaci (Cyrillic spelling отпаци)
* nominative plural of otpadak
# վայրագ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian վայրագ (vayrag); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /vɑjˈɾɑɡ/, [vɑjɾɑ́ɡ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /vɑjˈɾɑk/, [vɑjɾɑ́kʰ]
* Hyphenation: վայ‧րագ

### Adjective

վայրագ • (vayrag) (superlative ամենավայրագ)
* ferocious, fierce, wild, savage, inhuman, cruel, barbaric

#### Synonyms

* վայրենի (vayreni)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From վայր (vayr, “uninhabited place”) +‎ ագանիմ (aganim, “spend the night”). The formation corresponds to Ancient Greek ἀγροῖκος (agroîkos).

### Adjective

վայրագ • (vayrag)
* living in wild uninhabited places
* (by extension) ferocious, fierce, wild, savage, inhuman, cruel

#### Derived terms

* վայրագաբար (vayragabar)
* վայրագագոյն (vayragagoyn)
* վայրագամիտ (vayragamit)
* վայրագանամ (vayraganam)
* վայրագասուն (vayragasun)
* վայրագիմաստ (vayragimast)
* վայրագութիւն (vayragutʻiwn)
* վիրագ (virag)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: վայրագ (vayrag)
* → Old Georgian: ვერაგი (veragi)
** Georgian: ვერაგი (veragi)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “վայրագ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “վայրագ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “վայրագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# ллъв
## Archi
### Letter

ллъв (llʰʷ) (lower case, upper case Ллъв)
* The forty-seventh letter of the Archi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

### See also

* (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аа аа, Аӏ аӏ, Ааӏ ааӏ, Ы ы, Б б, В в, Г г, Гв гв, Гь гь, Гъ гъ, Гъв гъв, Гъӏ гъӏ, Гъӏв гъӏв, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ее ее, Еӏ еӏ, Ж ж, Жв жв, З з, Зв зв, И и, Ии ии, Иӏ иӏ, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Кв кв, Ккв ккв, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏв кӏв, Къ къ, Къв къв, Ккъ ккъ, Къӏ къӏ, Ккъӏ ккъӏ, Къӏв къӏв, Ккъӏв ккъӏв, Кь кь, Кьв кьв, Л л, Лъ лъ, Ллъ ллъ, Лъв лъв, Ллъв ллъв, Лӏ лӏ, Лӏв лӏв, М м, Н н, О о, Оо оо, Оӏ оӏ, Ооӏ ооӏ, П п, Пп пп, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Сс сс, Св св, Т т, Тт тт, Тӏ тӏ, Тв тв, У у, Уу уу, Уӏ уӏ, Х х, Хх хх, Хв хв, Ххв ххв, Хӏ хӏ, Хьӏ хьӏ, Ххьӏ ххьӏ, Хьӏв хьӏв, Ххьӏв ххьӏв, Хъ хъ, Хъв хъв, Хъӏ хъӏ, Хъӏв хъӏв, Ц ц, Цв цв, Цӏ цӏ, Ццӏ ццӏ, Ч ч, Чв чв, Чӏ чӏ, Чӏв чӏв, Ш ш, Щ щ, Шв шв, Щв щв, Э э, Ээ ээ, Эӏ эӏ
# purvainākos
## Latvian
### Adjective

purvainākos
* locative plural masculine of purvaināks

### Adjective

purvainākos
* accusative plural masculine of purvainākais
# резати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* ријезати (Ijekavian)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rězati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rêzati/
* Hyphenation: ре‧за‧ти

### Verb

ре̏зати impf (Latin spelling rȅzati)
* (transitive) to cut
* (transitive) to carve, engrave (wood, stone etc.)
* (transitive) to trim (branches etc.)

#### Derived terms

* за̀резати
* ѝзрезати
* на̀резати
* о̀брезати
* о̀дрезати
* о̀резати
* по̀дрезати
* прѐрезати
* прѝрезати
* про̀резати
* ра̀зрезати
* сре̏зати
* у̀резати

### Further reading

* “резати”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# 誤會兒
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "误会儿".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wūhuir
* Mandarin
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: wūhuir
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵ xuer/

### Pronoun

誤會兒
* (Xi'an Mandarin) at that time; in those days; back then

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 那時候, 那時, 當時, 那會兒 colloquial, 那會子 colloquial, 其時 literary, 彼時 literary |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 那會兒, 那氣兒, 那一氣兒, 那兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 那會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 那會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 兀當番 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 奈會兒, 誤會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 奈塊, 奈會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 那晚兒, 那晚子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 那會兒, 那會會, 那陣子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 那會兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 那陣, 那哈兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 那下, 那一下子, 那咱, 那麼咱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 那時候, 那下, 那崗, 那一崗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 那發子, 那一發子, 那一發, 那博子, 那一博子, 那陣子, 那一陣子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 那陣子, 那一陣子, 那咱子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 那陣子, 當其時 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嗰陣, 嗰陣時, 嗰時, 嗰牌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嗰陣, 嗰陣時, 嗰時, 當時, 當其時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 嗰陣時, 嗰下 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 許時間, 許場中 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 那和崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 那時仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 該下 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 那駁子, 那套子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 該時, 該下, 該央時, 當下, 當時 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 該時, 該下, 該下仔, 該當時, 該時節, 該央時, 當下, 當時 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 該時, 該下, 該當時, 當下, 當時 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 該時, 該下, 該當時, 該央時, 當下, 當時 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 該時, 該下, 該當時, 當下, 當時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 遐時, 遐下, 遐個時, 遐睏子, 當下, 當時 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 那一將, 那歇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 兀霎霎 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 兀會兒, 那歇子 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 許𣆯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 彼陣, 彼擺, 彼過, 彼站, 彼當時, 彼站時, 彼時陣, 遐久, 當其時, 當時 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 彼陣, 彼擺, 彼過, 彼站, 彼站仔, 彼站時, 彼時陣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 彼陣, 彼久 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 彼陣, 彼擺, 彼時陣, 彼站仔, 彼當時, 彼輒, 彼輒仔, 遐久, 遐久仔, 當其時, 當時 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 彼陣 GT, 彼站 GT, 彼時 GT, 斯當時 GT, 彼當時 GT, 彼當陣 GT, 向陣 GT |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 彼時, 彼站, 彼站時, 彼當時, 當當時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 許陣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 許陣, 許𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 那時候, 許時候, 那時, 許時, 那下, 許下, 那向, 許向, 許歇, 那歇, 許歇仔, 那歇仔, 許向仔, 那向仔, 許一向仔, 那一向仔 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 那氣子 |
# 跳梁跋扈
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 跳 | 梁 | 跋 | 扈 |
| ちょう Grade: S | りょう Jinmeiyō | ばつ > ばっ Hyōgai | こ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||||

### Etymology

跳梁(ちょうりょう) (chōryō) + 跋(ばっ)扈(こ) (bakko)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːɾʲo̞ːba̠k̚ko̞]

### Noun

跳(ちょう)梁(りょう)跋(ばっ)扈(こ) • (chōryōbakko)
* anarchy, disorder, people with ill intent going rampant

### Verb

跳(ちょう)梁(りょう)跋(ばっ)扈(こ)する • (chōryōbakko suru) suru (stem 跳(ちょう)梁(りょう)跋(ばっ)扈(こ)し (chōryōbakko shi), past 跳(ちょう)梁(りょう)跋(ばっ)扈(こ)した (chōryōbakko shita))
* be in a state of chaos, anarchy to rule

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 跳梁跋扈し | ちょうりょうばっこし | chōryōbakko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 跳梁跋扈し | ちょうりょうばっこし | chōryōbakko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 跳梁跋扈する | ちょうりょうばっこする | chōryōbakko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 跳梁跋扈する | ちょうりょうばっこする | chōryōbakko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 跳梁跋扈すれ | ちょうりょうばっこすれ | chōryōbakko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 跳梁跋扈せよ¹ 跳梁跋扈しろ² | ちょうりょうばっこせよ¹ ちょうりょうばっこしろ² | chōryōbakko seyo¹ chōryōbakko shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 跳梁跋扈される | ちょうりょうばっこされる | chōryōbakko sareru |
| Causative | 跳梁跋扈させる 跳梁跋扈さす | ちょうりょうばっこさせる ちょうりょうばっこさす | chōryōbakko saseru chōryōbakko sasu |
| Potential | 跳梁跋扈できる | ちょうりょうばっこできる | chōryōbakko dekiru |
| Volitional | 跳梁跋扈しよう | ちょうりょうばっこしよう | chōryōbakko shiyō |
| Negative | 跳梁跋扈しない | ちょうりょうばっこしない | chōryōbakko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 跳梁跋扈せず | ちょうりょうばっこせず | chōryōbakko sezu |
| Formal | 跳梁跋扈します | ちょうりょうばっこします | chōryōbakko shimasu |
| Perfective | 跳梁跋扈した | ちょうりょうばっこした | chōryōbakko shita |
| Conjunctive | 跳梁跋扈して | ちょうりょうばっこして | chōryōbakko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 跳梁跋扈すれば | ちょうりょうばっこすれば | chōryōbakko sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 跳 | 梁 | 跋 | 扈 |

### Noun

跳梁跋扈 • (doryangbalho) (hangeul 도량발호)
* hanja form of 도량발호
# ագարակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ագարակ (agarak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑɡɑˈɾɑk/, [ɑɡɑɾɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑkɑˈɾɑɡ/, [ɑkʰɑɾɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: ա‧գա‧րակ

### Noun

ագարակ • (agarak)
* farm; farmstead
    Synonym: ֆերմա (ferma)
* (historical) landed estate
    Synonym: կալվածք (kalvackʻ)
* (historical) single-homestead settlement, khutor

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Sukʻiasyan, A. M. (2009) “ագարակ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi homanišneri bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Armenian Synonyms] (Haykakan matenašar Galust Kiwlpēnkean himnarkutʻean) (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 5b
* Grigoryan, H. A. (1982) “ագարակ”, in Geġamyan G. M., editor, Patmakan terminneri dprocʻakan hamaṙot baṙaran [Concise School Dictionary of Historical Terms] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Luys, page 5
* Aġayan, Ēduard (1976) “ագարակ”, in Ardi hayereni bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan
* Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944–1945) “ագարակ”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from an unknown descendant of Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. Has also been linked with Sumerian 𒀀𒃼 (A.GAR$_3$), 𒅊 (AGAR$_4$ /⁠agar⁠/, “field”). Yet another proposal derives the word from Hurrian 𒀀𒉿𒊑𒉿 (a-wi-ri-we /⁠awari-⁠/, “field”).

### Noun

ագարակ • (agarak)
* landed property; estate, a house with all possessions; village
    ագարակ տեղիք ― agarak tełikʻ ― rural or country places

#### Derived terms

* ագարակաբաշխ (agarakabašx)
* ագարակային (agarakayin)
* ագարականամ (agarakanam)
* ագարակեմ (agarakem)
* ագարակիկ (agarakik)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: ագարակ (agarak) (learned)
* → Old Georgian: აგარაკი (agaraḳi)
** Georgian: აგარაკი (agaraḳi), აგარა (agara)

### Further reading

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ագարակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ագարակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ագարակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “agarak”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 4
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 20