# خون
## Arabic

* Root
* خ و ن (ḵ w n)
* 8 terms

### Verb

خَوَّنَ • (ḵawwana) II (non-past يُخَوِّنُ (yuḵawwinu), verbal noun تَخْوِين (taḵwīn))
* to regard as faithless, to regard as disloyal, to regard as false, to regard as treacherous, to regard as traitorous, to regard as perfidious, to regard as dishonest, to regard as unreliable
* to call faithless, to call disloyal, to be false, to be treacherous, to be perfidious, to call false, to call treacherous, to call perfidious, to call dishonest, to call unreliable
* to accuse of betrayal, to accuse of disloyalty
* to charge with treason, to charge with treachery
* to distrust, to mistrust
* to two-time

#### Conjugation
### Noun

خَوْن • (ḵawn) m
* verbal noun of خَانَ (ḵāna) (form I)
* being disloyal, being faithless, being false, being treacherous, being perfidious
* acting disloyally, acting treacherously, acting perfidiously
* betraying
* cheating, duping, hoodwinking
* forsaking, deserting, letting down
* failing, breaking (a promise)

#### Declension
### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خون”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* خین (xin) (dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /⁠xōn⁠/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /⁠xōn⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.
Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /⁠gōxn⁠/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /⁠xurn⁠/) or [script needed] (wγrn /⁠wuxrn, uxarn⁠/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xuːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xuːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xuːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xuːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xun]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xuːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χun]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | خون |
| Iranian Persian | خون |
| Tajik | хун |
خون • (xun)
* blood

#### Related terms

* آزمایش خون
* خونگرم
* خونی
* خونین
* خون‌شناسی
* کم‌خونی

#### Descendants

* Judeo-Tat: xun
* Tajik: хун (xun)
* → Azerbaijani: xun
* → Bengali: খুন (khun)
* → Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)
    Urdu: خُون (xūn)
* → Maithili: khūn
    Devanagari script: खून
    Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢
* → Punjabi: xūn
** Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ
** Shahmukhi script: خُون

### References

* Bläsing, Uwe (1997) “Irano-Turcica: Westiranisches Wortgut im türkeitürkischen Dialektmaterial”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia‎ (in German), number 2, § 37, pages 102–103
* Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, pages 33, 93
* Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 511, page 113
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1171–1172

## Urdu
### Alternative forms

* خُوں (xū̃) (poetic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خُون (xūn). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xuːn/
* Audio (India):(file)
* Hyphenation: خُون
* Rhymes: -uːn

### Noun

خُون • (xūn) m (Hindi spelling ख़ून)
* blood
    Synonyms: لَہُو (lahū), رَکْت (rakt)
* murder, killing
    Synonym: قَتْل (qatl)
* (figurative) relationship
    family; progeny
* (loosely) blame, sin (of a crime)

#### Declension

Declension of خون :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | خُون (xūn) | خُون (xūn) |
| oblique | خُون (xūn) | خُونوں (xūnõ) |
| vocative | خُون (xūn) | خُونو (xūno) |

#### Derived terms

* خُون دینا (xūn denā, “to give blood”)
* خُون کَرْنا (xūn karnā, “to murder”)
* خُونی (xūnī, “murderer; bloody”)

### References

* ↑ “خون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “خون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خون”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 296
* Platts, John T. (1884) “خون”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 497
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “خون”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 608
* John Shakespear (1834) “خون”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 826