# կճղակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կճղակ (kčłak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kət͡ʃˈʁɑk/, [kət͡ʃʁɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡəd͡ʒˈʁɑɡ/, [ɡəd͡ʒʁɑ́ɡ]

### Noun

կճղակ • (kčġak)
* hoof
    Synonym: սմբակ (smbak)

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Considered a word of unknown origin. Related to Old Georgian ჭლაკი (č̣laḳi), Georgian ჩლიქი (čliki), which Ačaṙean derives from Armenian, following Marr.

### Noun

կճղակ • (kčłak)
* hoof
** 5th century, Bible, Exodus 10.26:Այլ մեր անասուն իսկ երթիցէ ընդ մեզ, եւ ոչ թողուցումք եւ ոչ կճղակ մի […] Ayl mer anasun isk ertʻicʻē ənd mez, ew očʻ tʻołucʻumkʻ ew očʻ kčłak mi […]Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind […]
** 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 763–764: […] եւ կճղակք ձեռացն եւ ոտիցն իբրեւ զխոզի […] Ապա դարձաւ առ թագաւորն, շնորհելով Քրիստոսի զոտսն նորա եւ զձեռսն բժշկէր. զի թափեցան կճղակք ոտիցն եւ ձեռացն […] […] ew kčłakkʻ jeṙacʻn ew oticʻn ibrew zxozi […] Apa darjaw aṙ tʻagaworn, šnorhelov Kʻristosi zotsn nora ew zjeṙsn bžškēr. zi tʻapʻecʻan kčłakkʻ oticʻn ew jeṙacʻn […]Translation by R. W. ThomsonThe claws of his hands and feet were those of a pig […] Then he turned to the king and by the grace of Christ cured his feet and hands: the claws of his feet and hands fell off […]
** 5th century, Eusebius of Caesarea, Chronicon :Կերասոս արգիացի, որ զկճղակ եզինն թափեաց։Kerasos argiacʻi, or zkčłak ezinn tʻapʻeacʻ.Translation by Robert BedrosianCeras of Argos, [victor in] wrestling, tore the hooves off an ox.
** 5th? century, Movsēs Xorenacʻi, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] 2.79: […] դարձեալ եւ քան զԿերասոս արգիացի, զի նա զկճղակ եզին թափեաց […] […] darjeal ew kʻan zKerasos argiacʻi, zi na zkčłak ezin tʻapʻeacʻ […]Translation by Robert W. Thomson […] and also Cerasos of Argos; for the latter pulled out the hoof of an ox […]

#### Derived terms

* երկակճղակ (erkakčłak)
* կճղակաբաժին (kčłakabažin)
* կճղակաբաշխ (kčłakabašx)
* կճղակահերձ (kčłakaherj)
* կճղականամ (kčłakanam)
* կճղակաւոր (kčłakawor)
* կճղակաւորիմ (kčłakaworim)
* կճղակմէջ (kčłakmēǰ)
* կճղանամ (kčłanam)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կճղակ (kčġak)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կճղակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 604–605
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 244
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կճղակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 411, wondering about connection with կոճ- (koč-)
* ↑ Marr, N. (1901) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга III. Ипполит. Толкование Песни песней. Грузинский текст по рукописи X в. [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book III. Hippolytus. Commentary on the Song of Songs. The Georgian text based on a 10th c. manuscript] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5)‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page LX and page LXVIII
* ↑ Astuacašunčʻ matean Hin ew Nor ktakaranacʻ əst čšgrit tʻargmanutʻean naxneacʻ merocʻ hamematutʻeamb ebrayakan ew yunakan bnagracʻ [Bible. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments]‎, Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean, 1895, page 69a
* ↑ Thomson, R. W. (1976) Agathangelos, History of the Armenians‎, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pages 302–303
* ↑ Awgereancʻ, Mkrtičʻ (1818) Ewsebi Pampʻileay Kesaracʻwoy Žamanakakankʻ erkmasneay [Eusebii Pamphili Caesariensis Episcopi Chronicon Bipartitum], volume I, accompanied with the original Greek fragments and a modern Latin translation from Armenian, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 298
* ↑ Movsēs Xorenacʻi (1913) M. Abeġean and S. Yarutʻiwnean, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; II.1), Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻi, page 218
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (2006) Moses Khorenats‘i, History of the Armenians: translation and commentary on the literary sources‎, revised edition, Ann Arbor: Caravan Books, page 223

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “կճղակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1103c
* Hiwnkʻearpēyēntean, Yovhannēs (1894) “կճղակ”, in Stugabanakan baṙaran hayocʻ lezui [Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Language]‎ (in Armenian), Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean Press, page 310, derives from կոճղ (kočł)
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կճղակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy