# 元首
## Chinese

* 元首 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 元首 (納粹德國) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuánshǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$ sau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-sú / ngiàn-sú
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): goân-siú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánshǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánshǒu
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-shou$^3$
*** Yale: ywán-shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanshoou
*** Palladius: юаньшоу (juanʹšou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: yùhn sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-sú
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngien$^ˇ$ su$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^2$ su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ su³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-sú
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngian$^ˇ$ su$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngian$^2$ su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ su³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-siú
*** Tâi-lô: guân-siú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goansiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ siu⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngjwon syuwX
Rime :
| Character | 元 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 愚袁切 | 書九切 |
| Baxter | ngjwon | syuwX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐn/ | /ɕɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐn/ | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐn/ | /ɕiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuan/ | /ɕuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐn/ | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐn/ | /ɕĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐn/ | /ɕi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán | shǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ | sau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]o[r] l̥uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋon hljuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 元 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán | shǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwon › | ‹ syuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular) | /*l̥uʔ/ |
| English | head; first | head |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 元 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 16145 | 11671 |
| Phonetic component | 元 | 首 |
| Rime group | 元 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 元 | 首 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋon/ | /*hljuʔ/ |

### Noun

元首
* head of state
* monarch; sovereign; king; ruler
* (Classical) beginning
* (Classical, literally) head

#### Synonyms

* (head of state): 國家元首／国家元首 (guójiā yuánshǒu), 政府首腦／政府首脑 (zhèngfǔ shǒunǎo)
* (monarch):
* 乘輿 / 乘舆 (literary, figurative)
* 人主 (rénzhǔ) (literary)
* 人君 (rénjūn) (literary)
* 人王 (rénwáng)
* 君上 (jūnshàng) (literary)
* 君主 (jūnzhǔ)
* 君父 (jūnfù) (literary)
* 君王 (jūnwáng)
* 國君 / 国君 (guójūn)
* 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 大聖 / 大圣 (dàshèng) (literary)
* 大駕 / 大驾 (dàjià)
* 天子 (Son of Heaven)
* 官家 (guānjiā) (archaic)
* 帝王 (dìwáng)
* 皇帝 (huángdì)
* 皇辟 (huángbì) (archaic, Son of Heaven)
* (head):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 首, 元, 頭, 元首 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頭, 頭部, 頭顱, 頭腦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦殼兒, 腦殼, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 老屋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 腦袋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 頭, 腦殼兒, 腦殼子, 腦子, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦殼兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 頭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 derogatory |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 頭, 低腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 得腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 腦袋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 𦠿, 頭, 腦袋, 脊囊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 頭, 多腦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 頭, 腦袋, 朵落 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 棗木 dated, humorous |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 頭, 頭蛋骨, 得勒 derogatory |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 頭, 腦瓜子, 腦勺, 腦勺殼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 頭, 腦瓜子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 腦殼, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 腦殼, 沙罐兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 頭, 腦殼, 腦瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 腦袋, 腦殼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頭, 頭殼, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 頭, 頭兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 頭, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 頭, 腦袋瓜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 腦殼, 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 頭乸殼 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 頭, 羅殼 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 頭骨 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 頭殼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 頭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頭, 腦蓋 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 頭, 腦 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 頭, 那殼 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 頭, 頭那 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 頭那, 頭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 頭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Changting | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 頭, 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 腦蓋, 頭那殼 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 腦蓋, 腦殼 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 腦蓋 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 腦骨窠 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 頭腦 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 頭 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Meixian) | 頭那 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 頭那 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 頭, 腦殼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 頭, 頭腦殼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋, 乾骷髏 derogatory, 骷髏 derogatory |
| Jin | Pingyao | 得腦 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 得腦, 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 頭 |
| Jin | Linhe | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Jining | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 頭, 腦袋, 得腦 |
| Jin | Baotou | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 頭 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 腦袋 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 頭, 腦袋瓜兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 頭, 腦袋 |
| Jin | Handan | 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 頭, 得腦哦 |
| Jin | Suide | 頭, 腦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 頭 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 腦殼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 頭, 頭腦, 頭首 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 頭子 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 頭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 頭, 頭首 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 頭碗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 頭殼, 頭, 腦殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 頭, 頭殼, 頭殼顱 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 頭, 頭顱, 殼升 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 頭顱, 頭殼 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 頭, 頭顱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 頭, 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 頭末 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 頭, 頭囝 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 頭殼, 頭 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 頭殼 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 頭殼 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 頭, 頭殼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 腦袋, 頭骷顱, 骷顱頭 often derogatory, 骷郎頭 often derogatory |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭爿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頭, 骷郎頭, 六斤四兩 |
| Wu | Danyang | 頭, 腦袋瓜, 頭骷郎 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 頭, 腦頭瓜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 骷顱頭, 骷郎頭, 頭, 骷顱頭甏 derogatory, 骷顱頭瓶 derogatory, 六斤四兩 humorous |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頭, 六斤四 secret |
| Wu | Jinhua | 頭, 葫粒頭 humorous |
| Xiang | Changsha | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 腦殼 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 腦殼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 腦牯 |

### Proper noun

元首
* (historical or Internet slang) Führer (the title of Adolf Hitler when he was the leader of Nazi Germany)
* (Malaysia) Yang di-Pertuan Agong

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 元 | 首 |
| げん Grade: 2 | しゅ Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |
From Middle Chinese compound 元首 (MC ngjwon syuwX, literally “first, prime + head”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げんしゅ [géꜜǹshù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨ]

#### Noun

元(げん)首(しゅ) • (genshu)
* head of state (the chief public representative of a nation), ruler, sovereign

##### Derived terms

* 元首政(げんしゅせい) (genshusei): the principate, a type of government in ancient Rome, established under Augustus Caesar

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 元 | 首 |
| もと Grade: 2 | くび Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 元 (moto, “origin, base”) +‎ 首 (kubi, “neck, head”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mo̞to̞kɯ̟bʲi]

#### Noun

元(もと)首(くび) • (motokubi)
* (rare) the base of the neck
* (rare) (by extension upwards) the head

##### Usage notes

The kun'yomi reading of motokubi is rare for this term.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 元 | 首 |

### Noun

元首 • (wonsu) (hangeul 원수)
* hanja form of 원수 (“sovereign; head of state”)