# 莽

| 莽 | U+83BD, &#33725; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83BD |
| ← 莼 [U+83BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莾 → [U+83BE] |
| 莽 | U+2F99D, &#194973; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99D |
| ← 茣 [U+2F99C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 菧 → [U+2F99E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莽 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈大廿 (TIKT), four-corner 4444$_3$, composition ⿳艹犬廾)
* thicket, underbrush
* poisonous

#### Derived characters

* 㟿 漭 㬒 蟒 䥈 䒎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1036, character 41
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31132
* Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3216, character 13
* Unihan data for U+83BD
* Unihan data for U+2F99D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 莽
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 莽 | *maːŋʔ, *moːʔ, *maːʔ |
| 茻 | *maːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːŋʔ, *moːʔ, *maːʔ): phonetic 茻 (OC *maːŋʔ) + semantic 犬, and also ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 茻 + semantic 犬 (Li Xueqin, 2012).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ljak ~ mrak ~ mruk.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mǎng (mang$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): man$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mung$^3$ / mng$^3$ / morng$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bóng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^3$
*** Yale: mǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: man$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: man
*** Sinological IPA : /man⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Yale: móhng / mohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ¹³/, /mɔːŋ²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /muŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mŋ̍³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ³³²/
* mung3/mng3 - vernacular;
* morng3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: muX, mangX, muwX
Rime :
| Character | 莽 | 莽 | 莽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 唐 (101) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫補切 | 模朗切 | 莫厚切 |
| Baxter | muX | mangX | muwX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muo$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muo$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mo$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɔ$^X$/ | /maŋ$^X$/ | /məw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mo$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /mu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mu$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muo$^X$/ | /mɑŋ$^X$/ | /mə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǔ | mǎng | mǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^5$ | mong$^5$ | mau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋʔ/, /*moːʔ/, /*maːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莽 | 莽 | 莽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8772 | 8773 | 8775 |
| Phonetic component | 茻 | 茻 | 茻 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 侯 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 莽 | 母 | 姥 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːŋʔ/ | /*moːʔ/ | /*maːʔ/ |

### Definitions

莽
* thick weeds, luxuriant growth
* Illicium henryi and Illicium lanceolatum, whose fruits resemble star anise but are highly toxic
* rude, impertinent
* (Sichuanese) silly, foolish

#### Compounds

* 伏莽
* 剪莽擁篲 / 剪莽拥篲
* 坱莽
* 宿莽
* 平莽
* 新莽
* 林莽 (línmǎng)
* 榛莽
* 浪莽
* 粗莽
* 草莽 (cǎomǎng)
* 草莽英雄
* 莽原
* 莽古歹
* 莽大夫
* 莽夫 (mǎngfū)
* 莽撞 (mǎngzhuàng)
* 莽榛蔓草
* 莽漢 / 莽汉 (mǎnghàn)
* 莽灌夫
* 莽然
* 莽草 (mǎngcǎo)
* 莽莽 (mǎngmǎng)
* 莽莽撞撞
* 莽蒼 / 莽苍
* 莽蕩 / 莽荡
* 莽跳
* 莽鹵 / 莽卤
* 蓁莽
* 蒼莽 / 苍莽
* 雲莽莽 / 云莽莽
* 魯莽 / 鲁莽 (lǔmǎng)
* 魯莽漢 / 鲁莽汉
* 鹵莽 / 卤莽 (lǔmǎng)
* 鹵莽滅裂 / 卤莽灭裂 (lǔmǎngmièliè)

### References

* “莽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “莽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 152.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: も (mo)、もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* Kun: くさ (kusa, 莽)

## Korean
### Hanja

莽 (eum 망 (mang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莽: Hán Nôm readings: mảng, mãng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation