# πνίγω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

No clear etymology. Earlier attempts to analyze the formation as a conflation of several different verbs are unconvincing. Rather onomatopoeic or sound-symbolic. A Pre-Greek origin cannot be excluded.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pnǐː.ɡɔː/ → /ˈpni.ɣo/ → /ˈpni.ɣo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pnǐː.ɡɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpni.ɡo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpni.ɣo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpni.ɣo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpni.ɣo/

### Verb

πνῑ́γω • (pnī́gō)
* to choke, throttle, strangle
* (of great heat) to stifle
* (figuratively) to torment, vex
* to cook in a close-covered vessel, to bake, stew
* to drown

#### Derived terms

* ἀποπνῑ́γω (apopnī́gō)
* κᾰτᾰπνῑ́γω (kătăpnī́gō)
* περῐπνῑ́γω (perĭpnī́gō)
* πνῑγᾰλῐ́ων (pnīgălĭ́ōn)
* πνῑγετός (pnīgetós)
* πνῑγεύς (pnīgeús)
* πνῑγηρός (pnīgērós)
* πνῑγῐ́ζω (pnīgĭ́zō)
* πνῑγῖτῐς (pnīgîtĭs)
* πνῖγμᾰ (pnîgmă)
* πνῑγμονή (pnīgmonḗ)
* πνῑγμός (pnīgmós)
* πνῑγμώδης (pnīgmṓdēs)
* πνῑγόεις (pnīgóeis)
* πνῖγος (pnîgos)
* πνῑγώδης (pnīgṓdēs)
* πνικτήρ (pniktḗr)
* πνῐκτῐκός (pnĭktĭkós)
* πνῐκτός (pnĭktós)
* πνῐ́ξ (pnĭ́x)
* πνῖξῐς (pnîxĭs)
* σῠμπνῑ́γω (sŭmpnī́gō)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πνίγω (pnígo)

### Further reading

* “πνίγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πνίγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πνίγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek πνῑ́γω (pnī́gō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpni.ɣo/
* Hyphenation: πνί‧γω

### Verb

πνίγω • (pnígo) (past έπνιξα, passive πνίγομαι, p‑past πνίγηκα/πνίχτηκα, ppp πνιγμένος)
* (of creatures) to drown, smother, choke (to asphyxiate)
    Δέκα άτομα πνίγηκαν εξαιτίας του τσουνάμι.Déka átoma pnígikan exaitías tou tsounámi.Ten people drowned because of the tsunami.
* (botany) prevent growth
    Tα ζιζάνια έπνιξαν τα λουλούδια.Ta zizánia épnixan ta louloúdia.Weeds smothered the flowers.
* (figuratively) prevent manifestation, hide expression
    Tο παχύ χαλί έπνιγε τον ήχο των βημάτων τους.To pachý chalí épnige ton ícho ton vimáton tous.The thick carpet muffled the sound of their footsteps.
    Η ανταρσία πνίγηκε στο αίμα.I antarsía pnígike sto aíma.The mutiny was violently suppressed.
* (figuratively) overwhelm, fill, suffocate
    Πνιγήκαμε στη σκόνη.Pnigíkame sti skóni.We suffocated from the dust.
* (figuratively) suffocate, choke, cause intense mental discomfort, tension, distress
    Δεν μπορώ να κάτσω μέσα στο σπίτι· πνίγομαι!Den boró na kátso mésa sto spíti; pnígomai!I can't sit inside the house; I'm suffocating!

#### Related terms

* αποπνίγω (apopnígo, “to strangle”)
* αποπνικτικός (apopniktikós, “suffocating”, adjective)
* πνιγηρός (pnigirós, “oppressing, suffocating”, adjective)
* πνιγηρότητα f (pnigirótita)
* πνιγμονή f (pnigmoní, “choking, suffocation”)
* πνιγμός m (pnigmós, “drowning”)
* πνίξιμο n (pníximo, “drowning, choking, suffocation”)
* πνίχτης m (pníchtis, “strangler, one who drowns somebody”)
* πνιχτός m (pnichtós, “strangled, suffocated”)

### Further reading

* πνίγω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* πνίγω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.