# сум
## Belarusian
### Etymology 1

Ukrainian сум (sum, literally “sadness”). сума, сумно (sadly), Russian сумно (sumno, literally “doubtful”), Polish sum,sumny < East Slavic, compare Slovene sȗm, sȗmnja (suspicion), Serbo-Croatian сумња (literally “doubt”)

#### Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)
* boredom, sadness, sorrow
** 1924, Вячаслаў Вячаслававіч Адамовіч, Магіла Касінскага, часопіс «Грамадзкі голас».
    Сум не́йкі апанава́ў мяне́ і сьлёзы са́мі сабо́й каціліся з маіх вачэ́́й.Sum njéjki apanaváŭ mjanjé i sʹljózy sámi sabój kacilisja z maix vačé́j.Some kind of sadness filled me and tears rolled out of my eyes by themselves.

##### Synonyms

* туга

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

сум • (sum)
* genitive plural of сума (suma)

### References

* “сум” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сум”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 38

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sum]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um

### Verb

сум • (sum) third-singular present, impf or pf
* (intransitive) to be
* (intransitive) to be wrong with

#### Usage notes

* The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.

#### Conjugation
## Mongolian

* Mongolian
* ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu)
* Cyrillic
* сум (sum)

### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Kalmyk сумн (sumn), Dongxiang sumu.
The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”).

### Pronunciation

* (Ulaanbaatar) IPA: /sʊm/, [so̙m]

### Noun

сум • (sum); (hidden-n declension)
* arrow, projectile, bullet
* sum (sometimes somon, sumon or sumu) (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system)

#### Derived terms

* нум сум (num sum)
* нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar xojor tuulaj buudax)

#### Descendants

* → Buryat: сомон (somon)
** → Russian: сомо́н (somón)
*** → English: somon
* → English: sum
* → Mandarin: 蘇木 / 苏木 (sūmù)
** → English: sumu
* → Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
** → Russian: сумо́н (sumón)
*** → English: sumon

#### See also

* аймаг (ajmag), ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ (ayimag)
* баг (bag)
* нум (num)

### References

* ↑ Christopher P. Atwood (2004) Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts on File, Inc, page 523

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sum]

### Noun

сум • (sum) f inan pl
* genitive plural of сума́ (sumá)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sum]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Related to су́мнів (súmniv, “doubt”). Compare Slovene súm (“suspicion”).

#### Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)
* sadness

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Uzbek so‘m

#### Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́ма, nominative plural су́ми, genitive plural су́мів)
* sum, som

### Derived terms

* сумни́й (sumnýj)
* сумува́ти impf (sumuváty)

### Further reading

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 473
* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “сум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “сум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)