OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. Gallen
## English
### Alternative forms

* St Gallen
* Saint Gallen (rare)

### Etymology

From Latin Gallus (“Gallic; Gaul”).

### Proper noun

St. Gallen
* A canton of Switzerland.
    Synonym: canton of St. Gallen
* The capital city of St. Gallen canton, Switzerland.

#### Synonyms

* Saint Gall (historical), St. Gall

#### Derived terms

* Gallish

#### Translations
### See also

* Aargau
* Appenzell Inner Rhodes
* Appenzell Outer Rhodes
* Basel-Landschaft
* Basel-Stadt
* Bern
* Fribourg
* Geneva
* Glarus
* Grisons
* Jura
* Lucerne
* Neuchâtel
* Nidwalden
* Obwalden
* Schaffhausen
* Schwyz
* Solothurn
* St. Gallen
* Thurgau
* Ticino
* Uri
* Valais
* Vaud
* Zug
* Zurich

## German
### Alternative forms

* SG (canton; ISO 3166-2:CH)
* Sankt Gallen

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zaŋkt ˈɡalən]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

St. Gallen n (proper noun, genitive St. Gallens or (optionally with an article) St. Gallen)
* St Gallen (a canton of Switzerland)
    Synonym: Kanton St. Gallen
* St. Gallen (the capital city of St. Gallen canton, Switzerland)

### See also

* Aargau
* Appenzell Ausserrhoden
* Appenzell Innerrhoden
* Basel-Landschaft
* Basel-Stadt
* Bern
* Freiburg
* Genf
* Glarus
* Graubünden
* Jura
* Luzern
* Neuenburg
* Nidwalden
* Obwalden
* Schaffhausen
* Schwyz
* Solothurn
* St. Gallen
* Tessin
* Thurgau
* Uri
* Waadt
* Wallis
* Zug
* Zürich

### Further reading

* “St. Gallen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Sankt Gallen” in Duden online
* “St. Gallen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# chiffre
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French chiffre. Doublet of cipher and zero.

### Noun

chiffre (plural chiffres)
* (music) A figure or motif (short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated).
** 2014, Peter Wegele, Max Steiner: Composing, Casablanca, and the Golden Age of Film Music:At the end of the eighteenth century, French opera composers like A. E. Grétry (Richard Coeur de Lion, 1784), L. Cherubini (Medeé, 1797), and J. Fr. Le Cueur (Ossian ou les Bardes, 1804) began to “assign musical chiffres to precise dramatic situations or single figures on the stage, which were played again when these figures appeared again,” according to Bern University professor Anselm Gerhard.

## French
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin cifra (“zero”), from Andalusian Arabic صِفر (ṣifr, “empty”). Doublet of zéro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃifʁ/
* Audio; “un chiffre”:(file)

### Noun

chiffre m (plural chiffres)
* a digit i.e. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
* (colloquial or dated) a number
* figure (number)
* cipher (method of transforming a text to conceal meaning)
* cipher (code)
* (music) figure
* monogram

#### Derived terms

* chiffrable
* chiffrage
* chiffre arabe
* chiffre d’affaires
* chiffre romain
* chiffrement
* chiffrer
* déchiffrer

#### Descendants

* → German: Chiffre
** → Czech: šifra, cifra
* → Ottoman Turkish: شیفره (şifre)
** Turkish: şifre
* → Polish: szyfr
* → Russian: шифр (šifr)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ши̏фра, ци̏фра
    Latin script: šȉfra, cȉfra

### See also

* nombre
* numéro

### Further reading

* “chiffre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* chifre
* ciffre
* cifre
* cyffre
* cyfre

### Noun

chiffre oblique singular, m (oblique plural chiffres, nominative singular chiffres, nominative plural chiffre)
* number; digit

#### Descendants

* French: chiffre
** → German: Chiffre
*** → Czech: šifra, cifra
** → Ottoman Turkish: شیفره (şifre)
*** Turkish: şifre
** → Polish: szyfr
** → Russian: шифр (šifr)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ши̏фра, ци̏фра
    Latin script: šȉfra, cȉfra
* → Middle English: cifre, cyffre, siphre, sypher, syphyr
** English: cipher, cypher

#### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (chiffre)
# brownstone
## English
### Etymology

From brown +‎ stone.

### Noun

brownstone (countable and uncountable, plural brownstones)
* (uncountable) A variety of brown to red-brown sandstone once popular as a building material.
* (countable) A row house built of brownstone, especially in New York City.
** 1979, Talking Heads, Life During Wartime:Lived in a brownstone, lived in the ghetto, I’ve lived all over this town.
** 2014 October 9, James Poniewozik, “Review: The Affair: More Than Meets the "I"”, in Time‎:Did I mention he lives in a fantastic, expensive-looking brownstone? Did I mention that he’s a published novelist? Did I mention that he’s an involved, attentive father?
** 2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 203:They emerge from the car to face a pair of brownstones, stately narrow things, which seem to have been similarly renovated and decorated.

#### Derived terms

* brownstoned
* brownstoner
* Hummelstown brownstone

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

brownstone (third-person singular simple present brownstones, present participle brownstoning, simple past and past participle brownstoned)
* (transitive, historical) To scour (steps) with a donkey stone.
    Coordinate term: whitestone

### Anagrams

* brown notes
# مقامة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Noun of place from the root ق و م (q w m).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.qaː.ma/

### Noun

مَقَامَة • (maqāma) f (plural مَقَامَات (maqāmāt))
* maqama

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: məqamə
* → English: maqama
* → Persian: مقامه (maqâme)
* → Tajik: мақома (maqoma)
* → Turkish: makame
* → Uzbek: maqoma
# шліфувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from Polish szlifować, from Middle High German slīfen. By surface analysis, шліф (šlif) +‎ -ува́ти (-uváty). Compare Russian шлифова́ть (šlifovátʹ), Belarusian шліфава́ць (šlifavácʹ), German schleifen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃlʲifʊˈʋate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

шліфува́ти • (šlifuváty) impf (perfective пошліфува́ти) (transitive)
* to grind (to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface)
* to sand (to abrade the surface of (something) with sand or sandpaper in order to smooth or clean it)
* to burnish, to polish (to make bright, shiny, and smooth by rubbing)
    Synonym: полірува́ти impf (poliruváty)
* (figuratively) to polish (to refine; remove imperfections from)

#### Derived terms

* шліфува́льний (šlifuválʹnyj)
* шліфува́льник m (šlifuválʹnyk), шліфува́льниця f (šlifuválʹnycja)
* шліфува́льня f (šlifuválʹnja)
* шліфува́ння n (šlifuvánnja)
* шліфува́тися impf (šlifuvátysja)
* вишліфо́вувати impf (vyšlifóvuvaty), ви́шліфувати pf (výšlifuvaty)
* відшліфо́вувати impf (vidšlifóvuvaty), відшліфува́ти pf (vidšlifuváty)

#### Related terms

* шліф m (šlif)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “шліфувати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 439
   * Bilodid, I. K., editor (1980), “шліфувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 11 (Х – Ь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 490
   * “шліфувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шліфувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шліфувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “шліфувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “шліфувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# profunditat
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin profunditātem. Equivalent to profund +‎ -itat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [pɾu.fun.diˈtat]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [pɾo.fun.diˈtat]
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

profunditat f (plural profunditats)
* depth
    Synonym: fondària

#### Related terms

* profund
* profundament
* profunditzar

### Further reading

* “profunditat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “profunditat”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “profunditat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “profunditat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# lambat-lambat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Reduplication of lambat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˌlambat ˈlambat/ [ˌlam.bat̪̚ ˈlam.bat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ambat
* Syllabification: lam‧bat-lam‧bat

### Adverb

lambat-lambat
* (uncommon) (very) slowly
# kostura
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔsˈtu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: kos‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kostura
* genitive singular of kostur

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* kustura

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish costura, from Vulgar Latin *cōnsutūra, from Latin cōnsūtus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kosˈtuɾa/ [kosˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: kos‧tu‧ra

### Noun

kostura (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)
* sewing; needlework
    Synonym: tahi
* seam; stitch
    Synonym: tahi
* cut of a dress or suit
    Synonym: tabas
* suture
    Synonyms: tahi, sutura
* rivet
    Synonyms: paltak, rematse

#### Related terms

* de-kostura
* kosturera
* kostureriya
* kosturero

### Further reading

* “kostura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# そ

| そ | U+305D, &#12381; HIRAGANA LETTER SO |
| ← ぜ [U+305C] | Hiragana | ぞ → [U+305E] |

## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞]

### Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 曽 in the cursive sōsho style.

#### Syllable

そ • (so)
* The hiragana syllable そ (so). Its equivalent in katakana is ソ (so). It is the fifteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is さ行お段 (sa-gyō o-dan, “row sa, section o”).

##### Derived terms

* ぞ (zo)

##### See also

* (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

そ • (so) -na (adnominal そな (so na), adverbial そに (so ni))
* 粗:
* 疎:

#### Noun

そ • (so)
* 十: ten
* 衣: clothing
* 背: back
* 麻: hemp
* 磯: rocky beach
* 阻:
* 俎:
* 祖: ancestor
* 疽:
* 租:
* 素:
* 粗:
* 疏:
* 疎:
* 酥, 蘇:

#### Pronoun

そ • (so)
* 其, 夫:

##### See also

| | a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) | na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) | k- “this” (close to speaker) | s- “that” (close to listener) | a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) | i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) | ono- “oneself” (reflexive) |
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) | な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | | | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure) なに (nani) | |
| Location | | | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) | |
| Direction | | | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) | そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) | あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) | |
| Manner | | | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) | さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) | | いか (ika) | |
| Time | | | | | | いつ (itsu) | |

#### Proper noun

そ • (So)
* 楚:
# ръка
## Bulgarian
### Alternative forms

* рѫка (rǫka) (Pre-reform orthography (1945))

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rɐˈka]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ръка́ • (rǎká) f (relational adjective ръ́чен, diminutive ръчи́ца or ръчи́чка)
* hand
* forearm
* arm
* (in the plural) hands (personal possession, ownership, hence, control, direction, management)
    в ръцете на ― v rǎcete na ― in the hands of, at the mercy of
    вземам се в ръце (idiom) ― vzemam se v rǎce ― to get oneself together (literally, “to take oneself in one's arms”)
* (figurative) help, assistance, force
    работна ръка ― rabotna rǎka ― working force
* (figurative) footing, status, merit
    втора ръка хора ― vtora rǎka hora ― second rank people

#### Alternative forms

* рука́ (ruká), рака́ (raká), рънка́ (rǎnká) — with dialectal realization of proto-Slavic *-ǫ-

#### Derived terms

* ръка́в (rǎkáv, “sleeve”)
* ръ́кам (rǎ́kam), ръ́чам (rǎ́čam, “to poke, to elbow, to spur”) (dialectal)
** ръ́чкам (rǎ́čkam) (standard)
* ръка́т (rǎkát, adjective)
** ръка́тка (rǎkátka, “pot, jar with handles”) (dialectal)
* ръко- (rǎko-)
** ръкобо́л (rǎkoból, “extra wage”) (dialectal)
** ръкоде́лие (rǎkodélie, “handiwork”)
** ръкопи́с (rǎkopís), ръкописа́ние (rǎkopisánie, “manuscript”)
** ръкопля́скам impf (rǎkopljáskam), ръкопля́сна pf (rǎkopljásna, “to applaud”)
** ръкопола́гам impf (rǎkopolágam), ръкополо́жа pf (rǎkopolóža, “to ordain”)
** ръкотво́рен (rǎkotvóren, “manually made”)
** ръкохва́тка (rǎkohvátka, “handle”)
** ръкоя́тка (rǎkojátka, “handful, bunch”) (quantity one can grasp by hand)
* ръко́я (rǎkója), ръко́йка (rǎkójka), ръко́вка (rǎkóvka, “wisp, bundle”)
* ръку́вам се (rǎkúvam se, “to handshake”)
* ръчи́ще (rǎčíšte) (augmentative)
* ръ́чка (rǎ́čka, “handle, tiller”)

### References

* “ръка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “ръка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “рѫка́”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 101
* Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ръка”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 367
* “рѫка”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025

### Anagrams

* акър (akǎr)
# alecost
## English
### Etymology

From ale + Latin costus (“an aromatic plant”). Compare costmary.

### Noun

alecost (usually uncountable, plural alecosts)
* The plant costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), formerly much used for flavoring ale.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Castelo, Lacoste, coletas, lactose, locates, scatole, scotale, talcose, to scale, to-scale
# موشح
## Arabic
### Etymology

Morphologically from the root و ش ح (w š ḥ), as in Arabic وِشَاح (wišāḥ, “scarf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.waʃ.ʃaħ/

### Noun

مُوَشَّح • (muwaššaḥ) m (plural مُوَشَّحَات (muwaššaḥāt))
* muwashshah, an unorthodox Arabic poetry that started in al-Andalus.

#### Descendants

* → English: muwashshah
* → Ottoman Turkish: موشح (müveşşah)
** > Turkish: muvaşşah (inherited)
# تویج
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* թիւվէյճ (tüveyc) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تُوَيْج (tuwayj, “corolla”), a diminutive of تَاج (tāj, “crown”).

### Noun

تویج • (tüveyc) (plural تویجات (tüveycat))
* (botany) corolla, an outermost-but-one whorl of a flower, composed of petals

#### Derived terms

* تویج فراشی (tüveyc-i firaşi, “papilionaceous corolla”)
* تویج قرنفلی (tüveyc-i karanfuli, “caryophyllaceous corolla”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tüveyc

### Further reading

* Abikean, Mihran (1895) “պսակ”, in Gitakan baṙgrkʻoyk [Scientific vocabulary]‎, Constantinople: N. K. Pērpērean Press, page 36
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tüveyc”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2133
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “tüveyc”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1342
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تویج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 418
# eliro
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From eliri (“to go out, exit”) +‎ -o.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [elˈiro]
* Rhymes: -iro
* Hyphenation: el‧ir‧o

### Noun

eliro (accusative singular eliron, plural eliroj, accusative plural elirojn)
* exit (act of exiting, leaving)

#### Related terms

* eliri
* Eliro (“Exodus”)
* eniro
# Palafox
## English
### Etymology

From Spanish.

### Proper noun

Palafox (plural Palafoxes)
* A surname from Spanish.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Palafox is the 5945th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 5793 individuals. Palafox is most common among Hispanic/Latino (91.32%) individuals.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /palafoks/
* (more-native sounding) IPA: /paˈlapoks/ [pɐˈl̪a.poks̪]
* Hyphenation: pa‧la‧fox

### Proper noun

Palafox (Badlit spelling ᜉᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)
* a surname from Spanish

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /palaˈfoɡʃ/ [pa.laˈfoɣ̞ʃ]
* Rhymes: -oɡʃ

### Proper noun

Palafox m or f by sense
* a surname

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /palaˈfoks/ [pɐ.lɐˈfoks]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /palaˈpoks/ [pɐ.lɐˈpoks]
* Rhymes: -oks
* Syllabification: Pa‧la‧fox

### Proper noun

Palafóx (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)
* a surname from Spanish

#### Statistics

According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Palafox is the 2,634th most common surname in the Philippines, occurring in 4 individuals.
# Five Sisters
## English
### Proper noun

Five Sisters
* (business) The five American oil companies, Standard Oil of California, Standard Oil of New Jersey, Standard Oil of New York, Texaco, and Gulf Oil, which were the first to obtain oil concessions in the Middle East.
    Coordinate term: Seven Sisters
# algedonics
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”) + ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”).

### Noun

algedonics pl (plural only)
* The scientific study of pleasure and pain responses.
** 1894, The Speaker - Volume 9, page 703:Interactions of mental states with one another, or changing relations of the organism and the environment, determine all sorts of changes in the quality of the mental states as regards pleasure and pain. To show how these changes come about is to obtain the laws of "algedonics."
** 1908, Pennsylvania Medical Journal (1897-1923). - Volume 11, page 185:The conception of algedonics interests the physician, then, as far as it helps him to attempt to distinguish between a psychic or physical origin for the headache.
** 1909, Henry Rutgers Marshall, Consciousness, page vii:In that work there was presented for examination a theory of Algedonics which seemed more adequate to account for our pleasure-pain experiences than any I had met with in the published works of other students of the subject, and which appeared to avoid the difficulties that had heretofore availed to discredit the hedonic theory of Aesthetics.
** 2005, John R. Shook, Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 1626:Marshall viewed aesthetics as a special branch of introspective psychology dealing with algedonics, the science of pleasure and pain.
* (management) The handling of critical events in ways that bypass the usual chain of reporting in order to respond more urgently.
** 1994, Roger Harnden, Allenna Leonard, How many grapes went into the wine: Stafford Beer on the art and science of holistic management, →ISBN, page 138:The plant is adaptive to environmental changes (we have discussed how this could be done through algedonics). But the built-in control systems keep going wrong.
** 2011, Angela Espinosa, Jon Walker, A Complexity Approach to Sustainability, →ISBN, page 64:The final point introduces the idea of 'algedonics' (from the Greek 'aldos', meaning pain, and 'hedos', or pleasure), a signal produced by a statistically recognised event, which is so important that it bypasses the usual channels and gets sent directly to S5.
** 2012, Paolo Renna, Production and Manufacturing System Management, →ISBN, page 257:The information is transferred from S3 to S4, in the form of “algedonics” (dashed line between S3 and S4 in Figure 3).

#### Usage notes

The use of this word for the study of pleasure and pain was originally coined by Henry Rutgers Marshall in the late 19th century. It has fallen into disuse in modern psychology and neurology, except when referring to the historic work of Marshall and his colleagues. However, modern research into the neurology of pleasure and pain has led to the use of the term in management theory.

### Anagrams

* adolescing
# مومسة
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* مُومِس (mūmis)

### Etymology

From the root و م س (w m s) meaning "to rub or polish with a rag", likening them to a dirty, filthy, used-up rag; parallel semantic development is found in the word شرموطة.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muː.mi.sa/

### Noun

مُومِسَة • (mūmisa) f (plural مُومِسات (mūmisāt))
* (derogatory) wench, hooker, tramp

#### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “مومسة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# вилупитися
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From ви́лупити (výlupyty) +‎ -ся (-sja). Compare Russian вы́лупиться (výlupitʹsja), Belarusian вы́лупіцца (výlupicca).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋɪɫʊpetesʲɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

ви́лупитися • (výlupytysja) pf (imperfective вилу́плюватися)
* to hatch, to hatch out (to emerge from an egg)
** 2023 December 30, Olena Burdeyna, “"Милі пухнасті грудочки": біля антарктичної станції вилупились екзотичні пташенята (фото)”, in Focus‎, archived from the original on 2023-12-30:Пташенята вилупились за кілька днів до Нового року і тепер їх вигодовують батьки.Ptašenjata vylupylysʹ za kilʹka dniv do Novoho roku i teper jix vyhodovujutʹ batʹky.The chicks hatched out a few days before the New Year and their parents are now feeding them.
* (colloquial, of eyes) to bug out, to bulge
* (colloquial) to goggle (to stare with wide eyes) [with на (na, + accusative) ‘at’]

#### Synonyms

* (bug out, bulge, goggle): ви́рячитися pf (výrjačytysja), ви́тріщитися pf (výtriščytysja)

#### Related terms

* ви́луплення n (výluplennja)
* вилу́плювання n (vylúpljuvannja)
* вилу́плювати impf (vylúpljuvaty), ви́лупити pf (výlupyty)
* ви́лупок m (výlupok)

### References

* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “вилупитися”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (в – відсрібли́тися), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
* “вилупитися”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970), “вилупитися”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – В), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 425
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “вилупитися”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “вилупитися”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “вилупитися”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# glomb
## English
### Verb

glomb (third-person singular simple present glombs, present participle glombing, simple past and past participle glombed)
* Alternative form of glom.

#### Derived terms

* glomb on
* glomb onto