# 奠

| 奠 | U+5960, &#22880; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5960 |
| ← 奟 [U+595F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 奡 → [U+5961] |

## Translingual
### Han character

奠 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田大 (TWK), four-corner 8043$_0$, composition ⿱酋大)

#### Derived characters

* 𡼓, 𢵫, 𣾇, 𬯚, 橂, 𨗖, 磸, 𨣆, 䥖, 鄭, 𤡽, 𡰙, 㽀, 𠪝, 𭔕, 㞟, 𥳢, 𥂴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 253, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5960
* Dae Jaweon: page 514, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 546, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5960

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奠 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 奠 | *diːŋs |
| 鄭 | *deŋs |
| 擲 | *deɡ |
| 躑 | *deɡ |
Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一).
In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): din$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiān
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: din$^6$
*** Yale: dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
*** Tâi-lô: tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/
* Middle Chinese: denH
Rime :
| Character | 奠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 堂練切 |
| Baxter | denH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /den$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /den$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /den$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | din$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tˤe[n]-s/, /*m-tˤe[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*diːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 奠 | 奠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diàn | diàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ den$^H$ › | ‹ den$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-tˁe[n]-s/ | /*m-tˁe[n]-s/ |
| English | be fixed (v.i.) | set forth (v.t.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 奠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2351 |
| Phonetic component | 奠 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 電 |
| Old Chinese | /*diːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

奠
* to set; to lay; to place down (typically in ceremonial contexts)
    From: Etiquette and Ceremonial, circa 475 – 221 BCE
    Zhǔrén zuò diànjué yú jiē qián, cí. [Pinyin]
    The host, seated, lays the goblet before the step, and speaks courteously (of the subject of the ceremony).
* to make offerings to the dead; to libate
* to establish

#### Compounds

* 供奠
* 奠儀 / 奠仪 (diànyí)
* 奠地
* 奠基 (diànjī)
* 奠安
* 奠定 (diàndìng)
* 奠敬
* 奠祭 (diànjì)
* 奠立
* 奠都 (diàndū)
* 奠酒 (diànjiǔ)
* 奠酹
* 奠雁
* 家奠
* 弔奠 / 吊奠
* 拜奠
* 澆奠 / 浇奠
* 祖奠
* 祭奠 (jìdiàn)
* 設奠 / 设奠
* 路奠
* 遣奠
* 釋奠 / 释奠 (shìdiàn)
* 饋奠 / 馈奠

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dìng (ding$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dìng
*** Wade–Giles: ting$^4$
*** Yale: dìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
*** Palladius: дин (din)
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: tengH
Rime :
| Character | 奠 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 丁定切 |
| Baxter | tengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /teŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /teŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /teŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tieŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tieŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ding$^3$ |

#### Definitions

奠
* Alternative form of 飣 / 饤 (dìng)
* fake

### Pronunciation 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 鄭 (“proper noun sense”). (This character is an ancient form of 鄭).

#### Usage notes

Usage seen in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions.

### Pronunciation 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 停 (“to stop; to halt; to stay; to remain; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 停).

### Pronunciation 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 尊 (“to respect; to revere; to venerate; to honor; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 尊).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to make offerings
* to establish

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: でん (den)
* Kan-on: てん (ten)
* On: てい (tei)
* Kun: まつる (matsuru, 奠る)、さだめる (sadameru, 奠める)
* Nanori: さだ (sada)

#### Compounds

* 奠(てん)菜(さい) (tensai)
* 奠(てん)茶(ちゃ) (tencha)
* 奠(てん)都(と) (tento)
* 奠(てん)湯(とう) (tentō) (点(てん)湯(とう))
* 香(こう)奠(でん) (kōden) (香(こう)典(でん))
* 祭(さい)奠(てん) (saiten)
* 釈(さく)奠(てん) (sakuten)
* 釈(しゃく)奠(てん) (shakuten)
* 釈(せき)奠(てん) (sekiten)
* 奉(ほう)奠(てん) (hōten)
* 礼(れい)奠(てん) (reiten)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 奠 (MC denH).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [전]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 奠 (eumhun 정(定)할 전 (jeonghal jeon)) 奠 (eumhun 제사(祭祀) 전 (jesa jeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Compounds

* 견전 (遣奠, gyeonjeon)
* 노전 (路奠, nojeon)
* 대전 (代奠, daejeon)
* 망전 (望奠, mangjeon)
* 별전 (別奠, byeoljeon)
* 삭전 (朔奠, sakjeon)
* 석전 (夕奠, seokjeon)
* 석전 (釋奠, seokjeon)
* 습전 (襲奠, seupjeon)
* 예전 (禮奠, yejeon)
* 은전 (殷奠, eunjeon)
* 전거 (奠居, jeon'geo)
* 전도 (奠都, jeondo)
* 전례 (奠禮, jeollye)
* 전로 (奠爐, jeollo)
* 전물 (奠物, jeonmul)
* 전안 (奠雁, jeonan)
* 전알 (奠謁, jeonal)
* 전읍 (奠邑, jeoneup)
* 전의 (奠儀, jeonui)
* 전작 (奠爵, jeonjak)
* 전작 (奠酌, jeonjak)
* 전접 (奠接, jeonjeop)
* 전정 (奠定, jeonjeong)
* 전제 (奠祭, jeonje)
* 전찬 (奠饌, jeonchan)
* 전폐 (奠幣, jeonpye)
* 제전 (祭奠, jejeon)
* 조전 (助奠, jojeon)
* 조전 (朝奠, jojeon)
* 조전 (祖奠, jojeon)
* 천전 (遷奠, cheonjeon)
* 치전 (致奠, chijeon)
* 토전 (土奠, tojeon)
* 향전 (香奠, hyangjeon)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 奠 (MC tengH).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [정]

#### Hanja

奠 (eumhun 멈출 정 (meomchul jeong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 奠

## Vietnamese
### Han character

奠: Hán Nôm readings: điện
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.