# kum
## Translingual
### Symbol

kum
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kumyk.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Kumyk terms

## Afar
### Etymology

From kú (“thy”) +‎ -m.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkum/ [ˈkʊm]
* Hyphenation: kum

### Pronoun

kúm (predicative kúumu or kuumú)
* thine, yours

#### See also
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “kum”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 67
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Gagauz
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”)

### Noun

kum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* sand

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kum.

### Noun

kum
* sand

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kum”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Mapudungun
### Adjective

kum (Raguileo spelling)
* Of dark red colour.

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* kem (Föhr-Amrum)
* kaame (Mooring)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

### Verb

kum
* (Sylt) to come

#### Conjugation
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Middle Low German kum, kumme (compare German Low German Kumme (“bowl”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kum/
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

kum m (definite singular kummen, indefinite plural kummer, definite plural kummene)
* sink
* manhole

#### Synonyms

* mannhull (manhole)

#### Derived terms

* avløpskum
* brannkum
* fiskekum
* gjødselkum
* kloakkum
* kumlokk
* slamkum
* vaskekum

### References

* “kum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German kum, kumme (compare German Low German Kumme (“bowl”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kum/
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

kum m (definite singular kummen, indefinite plural kummar, definite plural kummane)
* sink
* manhole

#### Derived terms

* avløpskum
* brannkum
* fiskekum
* gjødselkum
* kloakkum
* kumlokk
* slamkum
* vaskekum

### References

* “kum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um
* Syllabification: kum

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.

#### Noun

kum m pers (female equivalent kuma or kumoszka or (dialectal) kumola)
* godfather
* (colloquial) chum

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

#### Interjection

kum
* ribbit

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

kum f
* genitive plural of kuma

### Further reading

* kum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûːm/

#### Noun

kȗm m (Cyrillic spelling ку̑м)
* godfather
* best man
    vjenčani kum ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

* vjenčani svjedok (best man)

#### Further reading

* “kum”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûm/

#### Noun

kȕm m (Cyrillic spelling ку̏м)
* (uncountable) sand
    Synonym: pijesak

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “kum”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slavomolisano
### Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kûːm/

### Noun

kum m
* godfather
** 2010, Natalina Spadanuda, Le renard et le loup:Kum, ja znam di je na masarija di, unutra, jesu čuda stvari za jist. Što gorivaš, šma po?Godfather, I know where there is a farm where there are many things to eat inside. What do you say, shall we go?

#### Declension
### References

* Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

## Sumerian
### Romanization

kum
* Romanization of 𒄣 (kum)

## Tocharian A
### Noun

kum m
* tuft of hair

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قوم (kum, “sand, gravel”), from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kum/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kum

### Noun

kum (definite accusative kumu, plural kumlar)
* sand

#### Derived terms

* kum balığı
* kumcu
* kumculuk
* kumlu
* kumluk
* kumsal
* kumsuz
* kumul

## Wanham
### Noun

kúm, kŭm
* water

### References

* Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 19