# 釜

| 釜 | U+91DC, &#37340; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91DC |
| ← 釛 [U+91DB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 針 → [U+91DD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

釜 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金大一土金 (CKMGC), four-corner 8010$_9$, composition ⿱父⿻王丷)

#### Derived characters

* 𪞪, 𱜄, 滏, 𬫻, 𩱉, 𪄇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40164
* Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 8
* Unihan data for U+91DC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 釜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 抪 | *paː, *paːs |
| 布 | *paːs |
| 佈 | *paːs |
| 怖 | *pʰaːs |
| 斧 | *paʔ |
| 父 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 蚥 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 滏 | *baʔ |
| 釜 | *baʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǔ (fu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hú
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^3$
*** Yale: fǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
*** Tâi-lô: hú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$fu
*** MiniDict: fu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$fu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fu³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjuX
Rime :
| Character | 釜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 扶雨切 |
| Baxter | bjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 釜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3503 |
| Phonetic component | 父 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 父 |
| Old Chinese | /*baʔ/ |
| Notes | 同鬴 |

### Definitions

釜
* cauldron; pot; kettle
* (obsolete) A measure of capacity.

#### Compounds

* 三釜
* 以飴沃釜 / 以饴沃釜
* 及熱釜炊 / 及热釜炊
* 櫟釜 / 栎釜
* 沉舟破釜
* 焚舟破釜
* 焦釜
* 狗烹錡釜 / 狗烹锜釜
* 瓦釜之鳴 / 瓦釜之鸣
* 瓦釜雷鳴 / 瓦釜雷鸣
* 甑塵釜魚 / 甑尘釜鱼
* 破釜沉舟 (pòfǔchénzhōu)
* 破釜沉船
* 臼中無釜 / 臼中无釜
* 釜中之魚 / 釜中之鱼
* 釜中生魚 / 釜中生鱼
* 釜中魚 / 釜中鱼
* 釜山 (Fǔshān)
* 釜底抽薪 (fǔdǐchōuxīn)
* 釜底枯魚 / 釜底枯鱼
* 釜底游魚 / 釜底游鱼
* 釜底遊魂 / 釜底游魂
* 釜裡之魚 / 釜里之鱼
* 釜魚幕燕 / 釜鱼幕燕
* 鍾釜 / 钟釜
* 雷鳴瓦釜 / 雷鸣瓦釜
* 魚遊釜中 / 鱼游釜中
* 魚遊釜底 / 鱼游釜底

### References

* “釜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* kettle, cauldron

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ふ (fu)
* Kun: かま (kama, 釜, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 釜
* かま Grade: S
* kun'yomi

### Noun

釜(かま) • (kama)
* an iron pot, a kettle

#### Derived terms

* お釜(かま) (okama)
* 釜石(かまいし) (Kamaishi)
* 釜煎(かまい)り (kamairi), 釜熬(かまい)り (kamairi)
* 釜炒(かまい)り茶(ちゃ) (kamairicha)
* 釜師(かまし) (kamashi)
* 釜敷(かましき) (kamashiki)
* 釜場(かまば) (kamaba)
* 釜風呂(かまふろ) (kamafuro)
* 釜飯(かまめし) (kamameshi)
* 釜湯(かまゆ)で (kamayude)
* 後釜(あとがま) (atogama)
* 内釜(うちがま) (uchigama)
* 大釜(おおがま) (ōgama)
* 外釜(そとがま) (sotogama)
* 茶釜(ちゃがま) (chagama)
* 釣(つ)り釜(かま) (tsurikama)
* 電気釜(でんきがま) (denkigama)
* 土釜(どがま) (dogama)
* 鍋釜(なべかま) (nabekama)
* 羽釜(はがま) (hagama)
* 初釜(はつがま) (hatsugama)
* 一(ひと)つ釜(かま) (hitotsukama)
* 風呂釜(ふろがま) (furogama)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 釜 (MC bjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 釜 (eumhun 가마 부 (gama bu))
* hanja form of 부 (“cauldron; pot”)

#### Compounds

* 경부선 (京釜線, Gyeongbuseon, “Gyeongbu Line”)
* 부산 (釜山, Busan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

釜: Hán Nôm readings: phủ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.