OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 除非
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chúfēi
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ ㄈㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^4$ fei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhù-fî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cu$^2$ fi$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tû-hui / tîr-hui / tî-hui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): de$^5$ hui$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chúfēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ ㄈㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chúfei
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^2$-fei$^1$
*** Yale: chú-fēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwufei
*** Palladius: чуфэй (čufɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$ fei$^1$
*** Yale: chèuih fēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$ fei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$ féi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ fei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhù-fî
*** Hakka Romanization System: cu$^ˇ$ fi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cu$^2$ fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹ fi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cu$^2$ fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹ fi⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tû-hui
*** Tâi-lô: tû-hui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: du'huy
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu²³⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tu²⁴⁻¹¹ hui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tu²⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîr-hui
*** Tâi-lô: tîr-hui
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²⁴⁻²² hui³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî-hui
*** Tâi-lô: tî-hui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: di'huy
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ti²⁴⁻²² hui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³⁻²² hui⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: de$^5$ hui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ hui
*** Sinological IPA : /tɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hui³³/

### Conjunction

除非
* unless
    除非另有說明／除非另有说明 ― chúfēi lìngyǒu shuōmíng ― unless otherwise specified
* only if; only when
    From: 劉克莊, 滿江紅
    Ruò yào rénshēng cháng měimǎn, chúfēi shì shàng wú líbié. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Preposition

除非
* except; except for

#### Synonyms

* 除了 (chúle)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: trừ phi (除非)
# widziech
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *viděxъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /vid͡ʑɛx/
* IPA: (15th CE) /vid͡ʑɛx/

### Verb

widziech
* first-person singular aorist of widzieć

#### Descendants

* Goral: widziołek (partially)
* Silesian: widziołch, widziołech (partially)
# lamely
## English
### Etymology

From lame +‎ -ly.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleɪmli/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪmli

### Adverb

lamely (comparative more lamely, superlative most lamely)
* In the manner of one who is lame.
* (colloquial) In a foolish or ineffective way.
    He lamely tried to lie his way out of the situation, but he wasn't really trying and no-one believed him.
** 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 436:"I quite admire cats," he said. "There is something about them," he added, "which..." He could not find the words. "Which is quite admirable," he ended lamely.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Malley, maleyl, malley, mellay
# text hooker
## English
### Alternative forms

* texthooker

### Noun

text hooker (plural text hookers)
* (computing) Software that reads text from other software that is being executed, often for the purpose of replacing the text with its translation in another language.
    Synonym: text hook
    A text hooker allows English-speaking people to read Japanese visual novels.
** 2005, User Ugly Joe, Zophar's Message Domain‎:A text hooker, or at least what I'm calling a text hooker, is a program or function that hijacks the text output of a game (in realtime) and outputs somewhere else so that you can copy/paste or whatever you want with it.
** 2017, User hmoeller, HGames Wiki‎:AGTH (Anime Game Text Hooker) is a tool for capturing text from running programs.
# Mammalia
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin mamma (“breast”), coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as a replacement for his earlier class Quadrupedia.

### Proper noun

Mammalia
* A taxonomic class within the superclass Tetrapoda – all mammals.

#### Hypernyms

* (class): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptiliomorpha, Amniota, Synapsidomorpha, Synapsida – clades; Pelycosauria – informal group; Eupelycosauria – clade; Therapsida – order; Theriodontia, Cynodontia, Mammaliaformes – clades

#### Hyponyms

* (class): Prototheria/Yinotheria, Theria (Trechnotheria) – subclasses; Australosphenida – clade; †Symmetrodonta – extinct order

#### Coordinate terms

* (class in Tetrapoda): Amphibia, Reptilia

#### Translations
### References

* Mammalia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Mammalia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Mammalia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Mammalia at the Tree of Life Web Project
* 1 2 3 Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# güveç
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كوكج (güvec, güğec), from Proto-Turkic *küdeč, derived from *küd- (“to wait”) +‎ *-geč.
* Azerbaijani güvəc
* Kazakh гивеч (giveç)
* Southern Altai кӧӧш (kööš, “pot”)
* Turkmen göweç

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟyˈvet͡ʃ/
* Hyphenation: gü‧veç

### Noun

güveç (definite accusative güveci, plural güveçler)
* An earthenware cooking pot.
* A vegetable stew dish made in this pot.

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
güveç
güveçler
definite accusative
güveci
güveçleri
dative
güvece
güveçlere
locative
güveçte
güveçlerde
ablative
güveçten
güveçlerden
genitive
güvecin
güveçlerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecim
güveçlerim
2nd singular
güvecin
güveçlerin
3rd singular
güveci
güveçleri
1st plural
güvecimiz
güveçlerimiz
2nd plural
güveciniz
güveçleriniz
3rd plural
güveçleri
güveçleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecimi
güveçlerimi
2nd singular
güvecini
güveçlerini
3rd singular
güvecini
güveçlerini
1st plural
güvecimizi
güveçlerimizi
2nd plural
güvecinizi
güveçlerinizi
3rd plural
güveçlerini
güveçlerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecime
güveçlerime
2nd singular
güvecine
güveçlerine
3rd singular
güvecine
güveçlerine
1st plural
güvecimize
güveçlerimize
2nd plural
güvecinize
güveçlerinize
3rd plural
güveçlerine
güveçlerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecimde
güveçlerimde
2nd singular
güvecinde
güveçlerinde
3rd singular
güvecinde
güveçlerinde
1st plural
güvecimizde
güveçlerimizde
2nd plural
güvecinizde
güveçlerinizde
3rd plural
güveçlerinde
güveçlerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecimden
güveçlerimden
2nd singular
güvecinden
güveçlerinden
3rd singular
güvecinden
güveçlerinden
1st plural
güvecimizden
güveçlerimizden
2nd plural
güvecinizden
güveçlerinizden
3rd plural
güveçlerinden
güveçlerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
güvecimin
güveçlerimin
2nd singular
güvecinin
güveçlerinin
3rd singular
güvecinin
güveçlerinin
1st plural
güvecimizin
güveçlerimizin
2nd plural
güvecinizin
güveçlerinizin
3rd plural
güveçlerinin
güveçlerinin :

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كوكج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1597
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كوكج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1056
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güveç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gǖd”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(g)Aç" - in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “güveç”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# painuksista
## Finnish
### Etymology

Elative plural of painua +‎ -us

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑi̯nuksistɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯nukˌs̠is̠tɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -istɑ
* Hyphenation: pai‧nuk‧sis‧ta

### Adverb

painuksista
* from a droop, from a drooping position

#### Inflection

| →○ | illative | painuksiin |
| ○ | inessive | painuksissa |
| ○→ | elative | painuksista |

### Further reading

* “painuksista”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# poyraz
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish فوریاز (foryāz), پوریاز (poryaz), from Greek βοριάς (voriás). Compare Turkish poyraz

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pojˈɾaz/
* Hyphenation: poy‧raz

### Adjective

poyraz (not comparable)
* northern
** 2019 March 28, “TİKA Başkanına Serdar ÇAMa Poyraz Makedoniyadan devlet ordenı”, in Ana Sözü‎:Baba Marta ayın 27-dä Türk İşbirlii hem Koordinaţiya Agenstvosu (TİKA) Başkannıın Poyraz Makedoniyada yaptıı büük yardım proektları için, TİKA Başkanına Serdar ÇAMa bu devletin “Makedoniyanın Zaamet için” (türkçe – “Liyakat Nişanı”) ordenı verildi.In May the 27th, Presidency of TIKA gave the "for the endevour of Macedonia" (in Turkish - "Liyakat Nişanı") to the TIKA President Serdar Çam for his great aid projects in Northern Macedonia
* cross-eyed

### Noun

poyraz (definite accusative poyrazı, uncountable)
* north
    Coordinate terms: batı, duu, üülen
    poyraz lüzgeri ― northern wind (literally, “the wind of the north”)

#### Derived terms

* poyraz tarafı
* poyrazdakı
* poyrazlı

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “poyraz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ András Rajki, A Concise Gagauz Dictionary with etymologies and Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar and Turkmen cognates, 2007

### Further reading

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “пойраз”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 371
* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “poyraz”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 133
* Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “poyraz”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 65

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish پویراز (poyraz), from Old Anatolian Turkish فوریاز (foryāz), پوریاز (poryaz), from Greek βοριάς (voriás). Compare Gagauz poyraz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pojˈɾɑz/

### Noun

poyraz (definite accusative poyrazı, plural poyrazlar)
* north wind

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “poyraz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “poyraz”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# sickless
## English
### Etymology

From sick +‎ -less.

### Adjective

sickless (not comparable)
* (obsolete) Free from sickness.
** 1606, John Marston, The Wonder of Women, or The Tragedy of Sophonisba:Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless ease.
* without vomit
    Synonym: vomitless

#### Derived terms

* sicklessness

### References

* ↑ “sickless”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# üüsüz
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اُوكْسُزْ (ögsüz), from Proto-Turkic *ȫgsiŕ (“witless, motherless”), a derivation from Proto-Turkic *ȫg (mind, mother). Turkish öksüz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(j)yːˈsyz/
* Hyphenation: üü‧süz

### Adjective

üüsüz (not comparable)
* orphaned
* maternally orphaned, motherless

### Noun

üüsüz (definite accusative üüsüzü, plural üüsüzlär, feminine üüsüzka)
* orphan
* motherless orphan, motherless child

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “öksüz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ӱӱсӱз”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 491
* Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “üüsüz”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 85
* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “üüsüz”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 170
* Dmitriev, N. M. (1955). Long vowels in the Gagauz language. In Studies on comparative grammar of Turkic languages. Part 1: Phonetics (pp. 203-207). Moscow.
# confessare
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin cōnfessāre (“to confess”), a derivative of Latin cōnfessus, past participle of cōnfiteor (“to confess, to admit”) from con- + fateor (“to admit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kon.fesˈsa.re/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: con‧fes‧sà‧re

### Verb

confessàre (first-person singular present confèsso, first-person singular past historic confessài, past participle confessàto, auxiliary avére) (transitive)
* to confess, admit, own up
    Synonym: ammettere
* to confide, disclose
    Synonyms: confidare, rivelare

#### Derived terms

* confessabile
* confessarsi
* confessionale
* confessione
* confesso
* confessore

### Anagrams

* confesserà
# rauti
## Catalan
### Verb

rauti
* inflection of rautar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ruʔ-, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Cognate with Latvian raut, Polish rwać (“to tear (flowers etc.)”) and ryć (“to burrow”).

### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: [ˈräˑʊ̯tʲɪ]

#### Verb

ráuti (third-person present tense ráuna, third-person past tense róvė)
* (transitive) to grub, to pull out (roots, stumps etc.)
* (transitive, figuratively) to eradicate
    Synonym: skinti

##### Derived terms

* aprauti
* atrauti
* išrauti
* nurauti
* parrauti
* prirauti
* raustyti
* rovė́jas m, rovė́ja f
* rovìmas m (verbal noun)
* neraus kieno kelmas taip greitai
* ridiką rauti

##### Related terms

* ravėti (verb)

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: [rɐʊ̯ˑˈtʲɪ]

#### Participle

rautì m (past passive)
* nominative masculine plural of rautas

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442. →ISBN
* ↑ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “rwać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 470
* ↑ “rauti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
* ↑ “rauti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
# plánaiméadrach
## Irish
### Etymology

From plánaiméadar (“planimeter”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Adjective

plánaiméadrach (genitive singular masculine plánaiméadraigh, genitive singular feminine plánaiméadraí, plural plánaiméadracha, not comparable)
* planimetric

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Related terms

* plánaiméadar m (“planimeter”)
* plánaiméadracht f (“planimetry”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* acmhainn.ie - Foclóir Geolaíochta agus Geoifisice
* tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta
# slánaíocht
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

slánaíocht f (genitive singular slánaíochta)
* (law) indemnity
* guarantee

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
slánaíocht
vocative
a shlánaíocht
genitive
slánaíochta
dative
slánaíocht
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an tslánaíocht
genitive
na slánaíochta
dative
leis an tslánaíocht don tslánaíocht :

#### Derived terms

* litir shlánaíochta (“letter of indemnity”)
* slánaíocht dhúbailte (“double indemnity”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “slánaíocht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Further reading

* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “slánaíocht”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “slánaíocht”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# beachtaíoch
## Irish
### Etymology

From beachtaigh (“correct; criticize”, verb) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Adjective

beachtaíoch (genitive singular masculine beachtaíoch, genitive singular feminine beachtaíche, plural beachtaíocha, comparative beachtaíche)
* critical, captious
    Synonym: gearrghreamannach

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* beachtaí m (“critical, captious person”)
* beachtaíocht f (“exactitude; criticism, captiousness”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “beachtaíoch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

### Further reading

* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “beachtaíoch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
# αθάνατος
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀθάνατος (athánatos, “immortal”).

### Adjective

αθάνατος • (athánatos) m (feminine αθάνατη, neuter αθάνατο)
* immortal
    Synonym: απέθαντος (apéthantos)
    Antonym: θνητός (thnitós)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο αθάνατος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο αθάνατος, etc.)

#### Related terms

* αθανασία (athanasía, “immortality”)
* θάνατος m (thánatos, “death”)

### Noun

αθάνατος • (athánatos) m (plural αθάνατοι)
* immortal
* (in the plural) (the) immortals, (the) gods

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Αθάνατοι on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# snwj
## Egyptian
### Etymology

Suffixed with -wj (dual ending). The root sn- is likely the same root found in sn (“brother”). Compare it also with Proto-Semitic *ṯin- and Central Atlas Tamazight ⵙⵉⵏ (sin).

### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /siˈnuwwaj/ → /siˈnuwwaj/ → /səˈnuwwə/ → /səˈnøww/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /siˈnuwwaj/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /siˈnuwwaj/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /səˈnuwwə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /səˈnøww/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /sɛnuːi/
** Conventional anglicization: senwi

### Numeral

* two

#### Inflection

snwj is in fact an adjective and inflects as one, but with dual forms only.

#### Alternative forms

| snwj | snwj |

#### Derived terms

* ḥr snnw sy (“again”)

#### Descendants

* Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟ (sno), ⲥⲛⲉⲩ (sneu), ⲥⲛⲁⲩ (snau)
* Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁⲩ (snau)
* Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲉⲩ (sneu), ⲥⲛⲉⲟⲩ (sneou)
* Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲛⲉⲩ (sneu)
* Old Coptic: ⲥⲛⲉⲟⲩ (sneou), ⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩ (snaou)
* Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁⲩ (snau), ⲥⲛⲁⲁⲩ (snaau)

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
* ↑ Allen, James P. (2013) The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study, New York: Cambridge University Press, page 60
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 47, 71
# sfḫw
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

Sometimes considered to be cognate with Proto-Semitic *šabʕ-, from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *sṗɣ (“seven”). However, the correspondences are problematic and have been challenged.

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈsafχaw/ → /ˈsafχaw/ → /ˈsafχə/ → /ˈsaχf/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈsafχaw/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈsafχaw/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈsafχə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈsaχf/, with metathesis
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /sɛfɛxuː/
** Conventional anglicization: sefekhu

#### Numeral

* seven

##### Alternative forms

| sfḫw | sfḫw |
* 𒉺𒅁𒄩 (šap-ḫa /⁠sapḫa⁠/) (14th bce cuneiform)

##### Derived terms

* sfḫ ꜥbw (“an epithet of Seshat”)

##### Descendants

* Coptic:
** Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϣϥ (šašf)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁϣϥ (sašf)
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲁⳉϥ (saxf)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉϣⲃ (šešb)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /sɛfɛxuː/
** Conventional anglicization: sefekhu

#### Noun

m
* (plural only) offerings

##### Alternative forms

sfḫw :

#### Noun

m
* (plural only) shit

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
* 1 2 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 32, 71
* ↑ Rubin, Aaron D. (2004) “An Outline of Comparative Egypto-Semitic Morphology” in Egyptian and Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic) studies: in memoriam W. Vycichl, page 481
# ḥmw
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

Numeral:
* (reconstructed) IPA: /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħəˈmuʔ/ → /ħəˈmøʔ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ħVˈmuw/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ħVˈmuw/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ħəˈmuʔ/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ħəˈmøʔ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛmuː/
** Conventional anglicization: hemu

#### Numeral

* forty

##### Descendants

* Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
* Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme), ϩⲙ (hm)
* Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
* Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)

### Etymology 2

A participial form of ḥm (“to steer”).

#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛmuː/
** Conventional anglicization: hemu

#### Noun

m
* rudder, steering-oar
* (by extension) helmsman

##### Alternative forms

| ḥmw | ḥmw |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛmuː/
** Conventional anglicization: hemu

#### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to be(come) skilled

##### Derived terms

* ḥmwy (“work”)
* ḥmww (“craftsman”)
* ḥmwwtyw (“craftsmen”)
* ḥmwt (“craftsman”)

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 102, 382.
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN