# 法輪
## Chinese

* 法輪

### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra, “wheel or range of the law”) or Pali dhammacakka (“wheel of the law”). Tibetan equivalent is ཆོས་འཁོར (chos 'khor).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎlún
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$ leon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fap-lùn
    (Hailu, HRS): fab lun
* Northern Min (KCR): huă-lê̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): huák-lùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah$^6$ long$^2$ / hah$^6$ luong$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoat-lûn
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$faq-len
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎlún
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎlún
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^3$-lun$^2$
*** Yale: fǎ-lwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faaluen
*** Palladius: фалунь (falunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$ leon$^4$
*** Yale: faat lèuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$ loen$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$ lên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³ lɵn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fap-lùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: fab$^ˋ$ lun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fab$^5$ lun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fap̚² lun¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fab lun
*** Sinological IPA: /fap⁵⁻² lun⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huă-lê̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /xua²⁴ lœyŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huák-lùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^6$ long$^2$ [Phonetic: hah$^7$ long$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ lɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^6$ luong$^2$ [Phonetic: hah$^7$ luong$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ²⁻²⁴ luoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-lûn
*** Tâi-lô: huat-lûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoatluun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$faq-len
*** MiniDict: fah$^入$ len
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$faq-len
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /faʔ³³ lən⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjop lwin
Rime :
| Character | 法 | 輪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 乏 (148) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 方乏切 | 力迍切 |
| Baxter | pjop | lwin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨɐp̚/ | /liuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piɐp̚/ | /lʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɐp̚/ | /ljuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puap̚/ | /lwin/ |
| Li Rong | /piɐp̚/ | /liuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɐp̚/ | /lĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯wɐp̚/ | /li̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fa | lún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faat$^3$ | leon$^4$ |

### Noun

法輪
* (Buddhism) dharmachakra; wheel of the dharma (law); the eternal wheel of life
    法輪常轉／法轮常转 ― fǎlún cháng zhuàn ― the dharma wheel constantly rotates

#### Derived terms

* 妙法輪 / 妙法轮
* 法輪僧 / 法轮僧
* 法輪功 / 法轮功 (Fǎlún Gōng)
* 法輪大法 / 法轮大法 (Fǎlún Dàfǎ)
* 轉法輪 / 转法轮

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 法輪(ほうりん) (hōrin)
* → Korean: 법륜(法輪) (beomnyun)
* → Vietnamese: pháp luân (法輪)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “法輪” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 法 | 輪 |
| ほう Grade: 4 | りん Grade: 4 |
| goon ||

### Etymology

/popu rin/ → /ɸoɸurin/ → /hoːrin/
From Middle Chinese 法輪 (MC pjop lwin), itself a translation of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーりん [hóꜜòrìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ho̞ːɾʲĩɴ]

### Noun

法(ほう)輪(りん) • (hōrin)
* (Buddhism) dharmachakra: the wheel of dharma

#### Derived terms

* 法(ほう)輪(りん)寺(じ) (Hōrin-ji)
* 正(しょう)法(ほう)輪(りん) (shōhōrin)
* 転(てん)法(ぼう)輪(りん) (tenbōrin)
* 転(てん)妙(みょう)法(ほう)輪(りん) (tenmyō hōrin)

#### Idioms

* 法(ほう)輪(りん)を転(てん)ず (hōrin o tenzu)

### Proper noun

法(ほう)輪(りん) • (Hōrin)
* Short for 法輪寺 (Hōrin-ji): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 法 | 輪 |

### Noun

法輪 • (beomnyun) (hangeul 법륜)
* hanja form of 법륜 (“dharmachakra”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 法 | 輪 |

### Noun

法輪
* chữ Hán form of pháp luân (“dharmachakra”).