# هوش
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Persian هوش (huš), a variant of توسکا (tuskâ, “birch”), which probably derives from a Mongolic source; compare modern Mongolian хус (xus, “birch”).

#### Noun

هوش • (hoş or huş)
* birch, any of various trees in the genus Betula
    Synonym: آق آغاج (ak ağac)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: huş

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “huş1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2011
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هوش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1331
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “huş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هوش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2174

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian هوش (huš, “intellect”).

#### Noun

هوش • (huş)
* reason, common sense, consciousness
    Synonyms: ادراك (idrak), اوص (us), شعور (şuûr), عقل (akl)

##### Derived terms

* هوشمند (huşmend, “reasonable”)
* هوشیار (huşyar, “reasonable”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: huş

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “huş3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2011
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هوش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1331
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Intellectus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 838
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “هوش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5514
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هوش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2174

### Etymology 3

From Arabic هَوْش (hawš).

#### Noun

هوش • (hevş)
* multitude, myriad, a great amount of something

#### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Multitudo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1097
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “هوش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5514
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هوش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2174

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭱 (ōš), from Proto-Iranian *HušíH (“(two) ears; understanding”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Compare Northern Kurdish hiş.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈhoːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hoːʃ], [huːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hoːʃ], [huːʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔʊʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔʊːʃ], [ʔuʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [húːʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hɵ́ʃ]

#### Noun

هوش • (huš)
| Dari | هوش |
| Iranian Persian | هوش |
| Tajik | ҳӯш |
* intellect
* intelligence
* understanding

##### Derived terms

* باهوش (bâ-hôš)
* بی‌هوش (bê-hôš)
* هوشی (hôši)
* بهوش (behôš)
* مدهوش (madhôš)
* هوشمند (hôšmand)
* هوشیار (hôšyâr)
* هوش مصنوعی (hôš-e masnu'i)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

هوش • (huš)
* Alternative form of توسکا (tuskâ)