# سنگ
## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hacangáh.

### Noun

سنگ • (sang, sing)
* stone

## Kermanic
### Alternative forms

* Nayini: سینگ (sēng)

### Etymology

From Old Median *asangáh, from Proto-Iranian *Hacangáh.

### Pronunciation

* (Gazi, Kafroni, Sedehi) IPA: /sɑŋɡ/
* (Kese'i, Khunsari, Mahallati, Meyme'i, Qohrudi, Vonishuni, Zefre'i) IPA: /seŋɡ/
* (Soi) IPA: /sæŋɡ/

### Noun

سنگ (seng, sang, säng)
* stone

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian sng (sang, “stone, rock”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sanɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säŋɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säŋɡ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säŋɡ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säŋɡ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæɲɡʲ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säŋɡ]

#### Noun

| Dari | سنگ |
| Iranian Persian | سنگ |
| Tajik | санг |
سنگ • (sang) (plural سنگ‌ها (sang-hâ))
* stone, rock
* tombstone
* (archaic) authority, dignity

##### Synonyms

* برد (bard)
* ریگ (rig)
* حجر (hajar) (archaic)

##### Derived terms

* بی‌سنگی (bi-sangi)
* تخته‌سنگ (taxte-sang)
* خرسنگ (xarsang)
* ذغال‌سنگ (zoğâl-sang)
* سنگ به سینه زدن (sang be sine zadan)
* سنگ نما (sang-e namâ)
* سنگ نمک (sang-e namak)
* سنگدل (sangdel)
* سنگریزه (sangrize)
* سنگسار (sangsâr)
* سنگک (sangak)
* سنگی (sangi)
* سنگین (sangin)
* سنگ‌تراش (sang-tarâš)
* سنگ‌فرش (sang-farš)
* سنگ‌پا (sang-e-pâ)
* فرسنگ (farsang)
* قلوه‌سنگ (qolve-sang)
* پاره‌سنگ (pâre-sang)

##### Descendants

* Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲛϭ (basnc)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: संग (saṅg)
    Urdu: سنگ (saṅg)
* Ottoman Turkish: سنگ (seng)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਗ (saṅg)
    Shahmukhi script: سنگ (saṅg)

##### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سنگ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “sang”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 74
* Bailey, H. W. (1979) “sam̥gga-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 417a
* Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 210
* Kent, Roland G. (1950) “aθaⁿga-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 166

### Etymology 2

Deverbal noun of سنجیدن (sanjidan) or سختن (saxtan, “to weigh, compare”).

#### Noun

| Dari | سنگ |
| Iranian Persian | سنگ |
| Tajik | санг |
سنگ • (sang) (dated)
* weight
* value, worth, price

##### Derived terms

* همسنگ (hamsang, “equivalent”)

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

From Classical Persian سنگ (sang, “stone”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səŋɡ/

#### Noun

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) m (Hindi spelling संग)
* stone
    Synonym: پَتَّھر (patthar)
* weight

##### Derived terms

* سَنْگ ساز (sang-sāz, “stone-cutter”)
* سَنْگ سازی (sang-sāzī, “stone-cutting”)
* سَنْگ ریزَہ (sang-reza, “gravel”)
* سَنْگ بَسْتَہ (sang-basta, “rocky”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit सङ्ग (saṅga).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səŋɡ/

#### Adverb

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) (Hindi spelling संग or सङ्ग)
* collectively
* together

#### Noun

سَن٘گ • (saṅg) m (Hindi spelling संग or सङ्ग)
* association, union; company
* confluence, coherence; contact, connection
* friendship; love
* intimacy
* intercourse

### References

* “سنگ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سنگ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “سنگ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “سنگ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.