# 蜻蜓
## Chinese

* 蜻蜓

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “looks like there's some sort of reduplication”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qīngtíng
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin$^1$ tin$^2$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): sìntín / cìntín
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$ ting$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qin$^1$ tin$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng-dìng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-thêng
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$shin-din$_6$; $^1$chin-din$_6$ / $^1$sin-din$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngtíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingtíng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-tʻing$^2$
*** Yale: chīng-tíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingtyng
*** Palladius: цинтин (cintin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qin$^1$ tin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kintin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ tʰin²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: sìntín / cìntín
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): sin$^1$ tin$^2$ / cin$^1$ tin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sĩ³¹ tʰĩ²⁴/, /t͡sʰĩ³¹ tʰĩ²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$ ting$^4$
*** Yale: chīng tìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$ ting$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$ ting$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰɪŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^1$ tin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁴² tʰin²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng-dìng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$niŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-thêng
*** Tâi-lô: tshing-thîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhengteeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shin-din$_6$; $^1$chin-din$_6$
*** MiniDict: shin$^平$ din$^去$; chin$^平$ din$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xin-din$_3$; $^1$qin-din$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ din²¹/, /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ din²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sin-din$_2$
*** MiniDict: sin$^平$ din$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sin⁴⁴ din/
* Middle Chinese: tsheng deng
Rime :
| Character | 蜻 | 蜓 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 | 特丁切 |
| Baxter | tsheng | deng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /deŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /deŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ | /dɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ | /dɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /deŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /dieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /dʱieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng | tíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ | ting$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ l'eːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜻 | 蜓 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/3 |
| No. | 11363 | 12427 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 廷 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靑 | 庭 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*l'eːŋ/ |

### Noun

蜻蜓
* dragonfly

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 蜻, 蜻蜓, 蜻蛉, 虰蛵 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蜻蜓 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蜻蜓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 螞螂, 老琉璃, 琉璃, 蜻蜓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蜻蜓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 螞螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 螞螂兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蜻蜓, 螞螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 螞螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蜻蜓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 老褐, 老蜓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 螞螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 螞螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 螞螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 螞螂兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蜻蜓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蜻蜓兒, 老老擔兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 蜻蜓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 虰虰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 抨抨砣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 棒槌 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 虰虰, 麥虰虰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 螞螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蜻蜓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 光光蜓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 老虎招招 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 春官 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 虰虰貓兒, 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 虰虰 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 咩咩蛘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 咩咩蛘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 塘咩, 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 蜻蜓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 沙蛘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蜻蜻, 蜻蜓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蜻蜻子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 䗌虰 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蜻蜻, 蜻蜻子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 蜻雀兒 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 螞螂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蜻蜓, 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 囊蜊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 囊蜺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 囊蜊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 囊蜊 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 揚尾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 囊泥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 囊蜊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 塘蜊 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蟲尾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 囊蜺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 郎里 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 囊蜺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 黃尾 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 黃蜺 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 禾狸 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 娘迷 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 䗧蛜 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 塘泥 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 蜋蜺 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 黃尾池 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 囊泥 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 楊眉池 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 蜻蜓 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 塘蜊 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蜋尾 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 羅尾仔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 塘尾, 後尾 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 落尼 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 塘尼 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 塘尼 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 蜋蜊 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 塘尼 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 朋蜺 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 癩痢 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 囊呢 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 塘咩 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 塘蜺 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 塘蜺 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蜻蜓 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 塘尾 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 塘尾 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 虰虰, 蜻蜓 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 港雞 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 揚尾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 囊蜺仔, 囊蜺, 囊尾 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 黃咪哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 黃蜺仔, 黃蜺 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 黃蜺仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 黃蜺 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 黃蜺 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 黃蜺 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 黃尾哩, 娘尾哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 囊蜺哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 龍蟻子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Changting | 挪尾 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 羊必子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 揚尾子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 蒙里 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 管胚 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 塘尾 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 囊蟻子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 康雞 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 塘子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 揚尾仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 揚尾仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 囊蜺仔, 揚尾仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 揚尾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 囊蜺仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蛘蜺 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 黃蜺 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 螗蜊 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 囊蜺 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 囊蜺 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蜓蜓 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 兒蜻 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 水師婆 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 河蟢蟢 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 蜻蜓 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 水池牌兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 水蜓蜓 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刊魁 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 紅魁仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 狐狸仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 刊魁仔, 刊魁 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 刊魁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 螞蝴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 蜻胲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 茶茶娘 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 蜻胲 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 蜻𧉪 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 蜻𧉪 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 蜻𧉪娘 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 蜻𧉪 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 蜻𧉪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 蜻𧉪 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 螞蝴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Heshan) | 𧌄嬰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 田嬰, 山蜊 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 含嬰 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 蜻咩 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 山咩 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 田嬰, 山咩 rural |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 𧌄嬰 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 田嬰 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 田嬰, 山蜊 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 羅離 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 臭尼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 新嬰 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 翼嬰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𬠋𧌊 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蛅蛉 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 雙枒, 雙夏, 雙翼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蜻蜓 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 雙枒, 雙翼 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 淺咪叉, 淺咪叉蝦 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 八赤蝦 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 木魚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蛜嬰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 新人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蜻蜓, 蜻蜓蜓, 蜓 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蜻蜓 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蜻蜓 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋咪咪 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 洋眯眯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 洋咪咪 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 洋洋蠛, 洋媽蠛 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 洋咪咪 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蜻蜓(せいてい) (seitei)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 蜻 | 蜓 |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やんま [yàńmá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jã̠mːa̠]

#### Noun

蜻蜓(やんま) or 蜻蜓(ヤンマ) • (yanma)
* large dragonfly, specifically hawker (dragonfly of the family Aeshnidae)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 蜻 | 蜓 |
| せい Hyōgai | てい Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

蜻(せい)蜓(てい) or 蜻蜓(セイテイ) • (seitei)
* large dragonfly, specifically hawker (dragonfly of the family Aeshnidae)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 蜻 | 蜓 |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

蜻蜓(とんぼ) or 蜻蜓(トンボ) • (tonbo) or 蜻蜓(とんぼう) or 蜻蜓(トンボー) • (tonbō) (used by Bashō)
* Alternative spelling of 蜻蛉

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN