# 錦

| 錦 | U+9326, &#37670; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9326 |
| ← 錥 [U+9325] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 錧 → [U+9327] |

## Translingual
### Han character

錦 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹日月 (CHAB), four-corner 8612$_7$, composition ⿰釒帛)

#### Derived characters

* 𡄎, 𢥅, 𢸼, 𣟡, 𥌹, 𬬃, 𧃃, 𥷏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1311, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40569
* Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4222, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9326

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 淦 | *kɯːm, *kɯːms |
| 顉 | *ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ |
| 金 | *krɯm |
| 錦 | *krɯmʔ |
| 欽 | *kʰrɯm |
| 菳 | *kʰrɯm |
| 嶔 | *kʰrɯm |
| 撳 | *kʰrɯms |
| 捦 | *ɡrɯm |
| 鵭 | *ɡrɯm |
| 唫 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm |
| 鈙 | *ɡrɯms |
| 崟 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 趛 | *ŋɡrɯmʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯmʔ) : phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 帛.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐn (jin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kím
    (Hailu, HRS): gim$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gim$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kím / gím
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$cin / $^3$cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$
*** Yale: jǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$
*** Yale: gám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kím
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kím
*** Tâi-lô: kím
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiem
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kim⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kim⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gím
*** Tâi-lô: gím
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giem
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡim⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gim$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kím
*** Sinological IPA : /kim⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^3$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ³²⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kimX
Rime :
| Character | 錦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居飲切 |
| Baxter | kimX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǐn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯmʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 錦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/ |
| English | brocade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 錦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6680 |
| Phonetic component | 金 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 錦 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯmʔ/ |

### Definitions

錦
* brocade; tapestry; polychrome woven silk.
* embroidered
* bright and beautiful

### Compounds

* 一匹錦 / 一匹锦
* 什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
* 八段錦 / 八段锦 (bāduànjǐn)
* 前程似錦 / 前程似锦 (qiánchéngsìjǐn)
* 前途似錦 / 前途似锦
* 十樣錦 / 十样锦
* 土錦蛇 / 土锦蛇
* 地錦 / 地锦
* 天機雲錦 / 天机云锦
* 奪錦袍 / 夺锦袍
* 如花似錦 / 如花似锦
* 宵錦 / 宵锦
* 富錦 / 富锦 (Fùjǐn)
* 尺錦 / 尺锦
* 廉錦楓 / 廉锦枫
* 拖地錦 / 拖地锦
* 摛錦 / 摛锦
* 操刀傷錦 / 操刀伤锦
* 文錦覆阱 / 文锦覆阱
* 晝錦 / 昼锦
* 晝錦之榮 / 昼锦之荣
* 晝錦堂 / 昼锦堂
* 晝錦榮歸 / 昼锦荣归
* 束錦 / 束锦
* 毳錦 / 毳锦
* 江淹夢錦 / 江淹梦锦
* 爛若披錦 / 烂若披锦
* 牙籤錦軸 / 牙签锦轴
* 玉食錦衣 / 玉食锦衣
* 穿花納錦 / 穿花纳锦
* 精神錦標 / 精神锦标
* 綾錦 / 绫锦
* 繁花錦簇 / 繁花锦簇
* 繡口錦心 / 绣口锦心
* 織錦 / 织锦 (zhījǐn)
* 織錦緞 / 织锦缎
* 織錦迴文 / 织锦回文
* 美錦 / 美锦
* 膏粱錦繡 / 膏粱锦绣
* 花團錦簇 / 花团锦簇 (huātuánjǐncù)
* 花天錦地 / 花天锦地
* 花攢錦簇 / 花攒锦簇
* 花營錦陣 / 花营锦阵
* 花簇錦攢 / 花簇锦攒
* 萋斐貝錦 / 萋斐贝锦
* 蜀錦 / 蜀锦 (shǔjǐn)
* 衣錦 / 衣锦 (yījǐn)
* 衣錦之榮 / 衣锦之荣
* 衣錦夜游 / 衣锦夜游
* 衣錦夜行 / 衣锦夜行
* 衣錦尚絅 / 衣锦尚䌹
* 衣錦故鄉 / 衣锦故乡
* 衣錦晝游 / 衣锦昼游
* 衣錦榮歸 / 衣锦荣归
* 衣錦過鄉 / 衣锦过乡
* 衣錦還鄉 / 衣锦还乡
* 衣錦食肉 / 衣锦食肉
* 裁錦 / 裁锦
* 貂錦 / 貂锦
* 貝錦 / 贝锦
* 貝錦萋菲 / 贝锦萋菲
* 迴文織錦 / 回文织锦
* 迴文錦 / 回文锦
* 鋪錦列繡 / 铺锦列绣
* 錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
* 錦匣 / 锦匣
* 錦囊 / 锦囊 (jǐnnáng)
* 錦囊佳句 / 锦囊佳句
* 錦囊佳製 / 锦囊佳制
* 錦囊妙計 / 锦囊妙计 (jǐnnángmiàojì)
* 錦囊詩 / 锦囊诗
* 錦套頭 / 锦套头
* 錦字 / 锦字
* 錦字書 / 锦字书
* 錦官 / 锦官 (Jǐnguān)
* 錦官城 / 锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng)
* 錦屏 / 锦屏
* 錦州 / 锦州 (Jǐnzhōu)
* 錦州市 / 锦州市
* 錦帆 / 锦帆
* 錦帳 / 锦帐
* 錦帶 / 锦带
* 錦心繡口 / 锦心绣口
* 錦心繡腹 / 锦心绣腹
* 錦旋 / 锦旋
* 錦旗 / 锦旗 (jǐnqí)
* 錦書 / 锦书
* 錦樣 / 锦样
* 錦標 / 锦标 (jǐnbiāo)
* 錦標社 / 锦标社
* 錦標賽 / 锦标赛 (jǐnbiāosài)
* 錦歌 / 锦歌 (jǐngē)
* 錦江 / 锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)
* 錦熏籠 / 锦熏笼
* 錦營花陣 / 锦营花阵
* 錦片 / 锦片
* 錦片前程 / 锦片前程 (jǐnpiànqiánchéng)
* 錦牋 / 锦笺
* 錦瑟 / 锦瑟
* 錦瑟華年 / 锦瑟华年
* 錦絃 / 锦弦
* 錦綸 / 锦纶 (jǐnlún)
* 錦緞 / 锦缎 (jǐnduàn)
* 錦繡 / 锦绣 (jǐnxiù)
* 錦繡前程 / 锦绣前程 (jǐnxiùqiánchéng)
* 錦繡山河 / 锦绣山河 (jǐnxiùshānhé)
* 錦繡心腸 / 锦绣心肠
* 錦繡江山 / 锦绣江山 (jǐnxiùjiāngshān)
* 錦繡河山 / 锦绣河山 (jǐnxiùhéshān)
* 錦花鳥 / 锦花鸟
* 錦茵 / 锦茵
* 錦荔枝 / 锦荔枝 (jǐnlìzhī)
* 錦葵 / 锦葵 (jǐnkuí)
* 錦蛇 / 锦蛇 (jǐnshé)
* 錦衚衕 / 锦胡同
* 錦衣 / 锦衣
* 錦衣夜行 / 锦衣夜行
* 錦衣玉食 / 锦衣玉食 (jǐnyīyùshí)
* 錦衣紈褲 / 锦衣纨裤
* 錦衣衛 / 锦衣卫 (Jǐnyīwèi)
* 錦衾 / 锦衾
* 錦袍 / 锦袍 (jǐnpáo)
* 錦襖 / 锦袄 (jǐn'ǎo)
* 錦迴文 / 锦回文
* 錦還 / 锦还
* 錦陣花營 / 锦阵花营
* 錦雉之衣 / 锦雉之衣
* 錦雞 / 锦鸡 (jǐnjī)
* 錦靴 / 锦靴
* 錦鞋 / 锦鞋
* 錦香草 / 锦香草 (jǐnxiāngcǎo)
* 錦體社 / 锦体社
* 集錦 / 集锦 (jíjǐn)
* 集錦照相 / 集锦照相
* 雲錦 / 云锦
* 黎錦 / 黎锦

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* brocade

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: にしき (nishiki, 錦, Jōyō)
* Nanori: あや (aya)、かね (kane)

#### Compounds

* 錦(きん)繍(しゅう) (kinshū)
* 錦(きん)嚢(のう) (kinnō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 錦
* にしき Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Originally a compound of 丹 (ni, “red”) + 頻 (shiki, “repetition”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にしき [níꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɲ̟iɕi̥kʲi]

### Noun

錦(にしき) • (nishiki)
* brocade (generic name for weaving fabrics with various colored threads)
* a word expressing beauty (for example, colors or patterns) (Can we verify this sense?)

#### Derived terms

* 錦木(ニシキギ) (nishiki-gi)
* 錦草(にしきぐさ) (nishiki-gusa)
* 錦衣(ニシキゴロモ) (nishiki-goromo)
* 錦草(ニシキソウ) (nishiki-sō)
* 錦蛇(にしきへび) (nishiki hebi)
* 綾錦(あやにしき) (ayanishiki)
* 高麗(こま)錦(にしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (Koma nishiki)
* 紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves”)
* 大和(やまと)錦(にしき), 倭(やまと)錦(にしき) (Yamato nishiki)

#### Idioms

* 錦(にしき)を飾(かざ)る (nishiki o kazaru)
* 錦(にしき)を着(き)て夜(よる)行(ゆ)くが如(ごと)し (nishiki o kite yoru yuku ga gotoshi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錦 (MC kimX). Recorded as Middle Korean 금〯 (kǔm) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 錦 (eumhun 비단 금 (bidan geum))
* hanja form of 금 (“brocade”)

#### Compounds

* 금강 (錦江, Geumgang)
* 금상첨화 (錦上添花, geumsangcheomhwa)
* 금수 (錦繡, geumsu)
* 금의환향 (錦衣還鄕, geumuihwanhyang)
* 지금 (地錦, jigeum)
* 추금 (秋錦, chugeum)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

錦: Hán Nôm readings: cẩm, gấm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.