# 漢字
## Chinese

* 漢字 (Written Standard Chinese)
* hàn-jī (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hànzì
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon$^3$ zi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon$^1$ du$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): hon$^3$ ci$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hon-sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): hon$^ˇ$ sii$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): háng-cê
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^4$ zo$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hàn-jī / hàn-lī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^3$ ri$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$hoe-zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hànzì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hànzìh
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$-tzŭ$^4$
*** Yale: hàn-dz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hanntzyh
*** Palladius: ханьцзы (xanʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$汗漬 / 汗渍 漢字 / 汉字
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^3$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: hon jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^3$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^3$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^1$ du$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^3$ ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hon-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hon$^4$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon$^ˇ$ sii$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹ sɨ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: háng-cê
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɛi²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^4$ zo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁴² t͡so²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^4$ zo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁴² t͡sɵ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàn-jī
*** Tâi-lô: hàn-jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: harnji
*** IPA (Penang): /han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàn-lī
*** Tâi-lô: hàn-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: harnli
*** IPA (Taipei): /han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^3$ ri$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng jī
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hoe-zy
*** MiniDict: hoe$^去$ zy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hoe-zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xanH dziH
Rime :
| Character | 漢 | 字 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 呼旰切 | 疾置切 |
| Baxter | xanH | dziH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑn$^H$/ | /d͡zɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑn$^H$/ | /d͡zɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑn$^H$/ | /d͡zie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /han$^H$/ | /d͡zɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑn$^H$/ | /d͡ziə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑn$^H$/ | /d͡zĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑn$^H$/ | /d͡zʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hàn | zì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hon$^3$ | zi$^6$ |

### Noun

漢字
* Chinese character; Han character; hanzi
    From: 1343-1345, 《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)
    Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiào hànzì, zhì shēn shí hànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.” [Pinyin]
    Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”
    From: 1934, 魯迅 (Lu Xun) 《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)
    Bùcuò, hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐ hànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèi hànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēng hànzì ne? [Pinyin]
    Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

#### Synonyms

* 中國字 / 中国字 (zhōngguózì)
* 中文字 (zhōngwénzì)
* 咱人字 (Hokkien)
* 唐人字 (Hokkien)
* 唐字 (tong$^4$ zi$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 國字 / 国字 (guózì)
* 漢文字 / 汉文字 (Hokkien)

#### Derived terms

* 和國漢字 / 和国汉字 (héguóhànzì)
* 漢字圈 / 汉字圈 (hànzìquān)
* 漢字文化圈 / 汉字文化圈 (hànzì wénhuàquān)
* 漢字詞 / 汉字词 (hànzìcí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Okinawan: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Korean: 한자(漢字) (hanja)
* → Vietnamese: Hán tự (漢字)
Others:
* → English: Hanzi, hanzi
* → French: hanzi
* → German: Hanzi
* → Indonesian: honji, hanzi
* → Malay: hanzi
* → Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: ханз (xanz)
    Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ (qanǰi)
* → Russian: ханьцзы́ (xanʹczý)
* → Spanish: hanzi
* → Swedish: hanzi
* → Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)
* → Turkish: hanzi

#### See also

* 繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì)
* 簡體字／简体字 (jiǎntǐzì)
* 異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)

## Japanese
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 漢 | 字 |
| かん Grade: 3 | じ Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 漢字 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese compound 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modern Mandarin 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), Hokkien 漢字 / 汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんじ [kàńjí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

漢(かん)字(じ) • (kanji)
* kanji

#### Usage notes

The term literally means “Chinese characters”, and refers broadly to any such ideographic or logographic character originating in written Chinese, or created anew along similar lines. This latter category includes some characters created in Japan from originally Chinese elements and called 国字 (kokuji, literally “national (i.e. Japanese) characters”), and other characters that were modified over time into distinctly Japanese forms and called 新字体 (shinjitai, literally “new character forms”). Contrast with 仮名 (kana, literally “borrowed label”), uniquely Japanese phonetic characters derived either from cursive forms of kanji (the 平仮名 (hiragana)) or from shorthand that abbreviated characters to use just specific parts of the original kanji (the 片仮名 (katakana)).

#### Synonyms

* 真名(まな) (mana), 真字(まな) (mana)
* 男(おとこ)手(で) (otokode)
* 男(おとこ)文(も)字(じ) (otokomoji)

#### Hyponyms

* 国(こく)字(じ) (kokuji)
* 和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご) (wasei kango)
* 和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)字(じ) (wasei kanji)

#### Derived terms

* 漢(かん)字(じ)圏(けん) (kanjiken)
* 漢(かん)字(じ)語(ご) (kanjigo)
* 振(ふ)り漢(かん)字(じ) (furikanji)
* 教(きょう)育(いく)漢(かん)字(じ) (kyōiku kanji)
* 常(じょう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (jōyō kanji)
* 当(とう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (tōyō kanji)
* 表(ひょう)外(がい)漢(かん)字(じ) (hyōgai kanji)
* 補(ほ)助(じょ)漢(かん)字(じ) (hojo kanji)
* 漢(かん)字(じ)文(ぶん)化(か)圏(けん) (kanji bunkaken)
* 常(じょう)用(よう)外(がい)漢(かん)字(じ) (jōyōgai kanji)
* 人(じん)名(めい)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (jinmeiyō kanji)
* 難(なん)読(どく)漢(かん)字(じ) (nandoku kanji)

#### Descendants

* → English: Kanji, kanji
* → French: kanji
* → German: Kanji
* → Indonesian: kanji
* → Portuguese: kanji
* → Russian: кандзи́ (kandzí)
* → Spanish: kanji
* → Thai: คันจิ (kan-jì)

#### See also

* 平(ひら)仮(が)名(な) (hiragana)
* 片(かた)仮(か)名(な) (katakana)
* 変(へん)体(たい)仮(が)名(な) (hentaigana)
* 仮名(かな) (kana)
* 新(しん)字(じ)体(たい) (shinjitai)
* 旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) (kyūjitai)
* 異(い)体(たい)字(じ) (itaiji)
* 略(りゃく)字(じ) (ryakuji)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 漢 | 字 |

### Noun

漢字 • (hanja) (hangeul 한자)
* hanja form of 한자 (“Chinese character; hanja”)

## Okinawan
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 漢 | 字 |
| かん Grade: 3 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 漢字 (kyūjitai)
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんじ. Borrowed from Japanese 漢字 (kanji).

### Noun

漢(かん)字(じ) (kanji)
* (hapax, ghost word, obsolete) kanji; Chinese character

### References

* ↑ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 28

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 漢 | 字 |

### Noun

漢字
* chữ Hán form of Hán tự (“Chinese character”).