# κρούω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κροαίνω (kroaínō) — Homeric

### Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *krows- (“push, bump, strike, break”), zero grade *krus-.
Cognates include Proto-Slavic *krušiti, whence Russian крушить (krušitʹ, “to destroy, shatter”) and Czech krušný (“hard, strenuous, grim”), as well as Latvian krausēt and Lithuanian kraušyti (“to stamp (off)”), Lithuanian krušti (“to smash, crash, grind, fuck”). Compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *krušāˀ, whence Latvian krusa (“hail”) and Proto-Slavic *krъxà (“lump”), in turn leading to Russian кроха (kroxa, “morsel, crumb, little child”), and Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to gnash, grind”), perhaps a Balto-Slavic loan word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krǔː.ɔː/ → /ˈkru.o/ → /ˈkru.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /krǔː.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkru.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkru.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkru.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkru.o/

### Verb

κρούω • (kroúō)
* to strike, smite
* to clap hands
* to tap
* to strike a string with a plectron
* to knock at the door on the outside
* (middle voice)
** to back water
    κρούομαι πρύμνᾰν (kroúomai prúmnăn)
** to fly backwards
    κρούεσθαι τὸ πτερόν (kroúesthai tò pterón)

#### Synonyms

* παίω (paíō)
* πλήσσω (plḗssō), πλήττω (plḗttō)

#### Related terms

And see their derivatives:
* κροῦμα n (kroûma, “beat, stroke; play music instruments”)
* κρούπεζαι f pl (kroúpezai, “high wooden shoes”)
* κροῦσις f (kroûsis, “striking, smiting, collision”)
* κροῦσμα n (kroûsma, “κροῦμα, beat, stroke”)
* κρουσμός m (krousmós, “gnashing of teeth”)
* κρουστέον (kroustéon, “one must knock at”)
* κρούστης m (kroústēs, “petulcus”)
* -κρούστης
* κρουστικός (kroustikós, “fit for striking, butting”)
* κρουστός (kroustós, “played by striking”)
Compounds and their derivatives
* ἀνάκρουσις f (anákrousis, “pushing back”)
* ἀνακρούω (anakroúō, “push back”)
* ἀντίκρουσις f (antíkrousis, “abrupt close”)
* ἀντικρούω (antikroúō, “strike”)
* ἀπόκρουσις f (apókrousis, “retiring, waning”)
* ἀποκρούω (apokroúō, “beat off”)
* διάκρουσις f (diákrousis, “putting off, gain time”)
* διακρούω (diakroúō, “knock”)
* δυσέκκρουστος (dusékkroustos, “hard to disturb”)
* ἐγκατακρούω (enkatakroúō, “tread a measure among”)
* ἐγκρούω (enkroúō, “knock in, hammer in”)
* εἰσκρούω (eiskroúō, “knock in”)
* ἔκκρουσις f (ékkrousis, “beating out, driving away”)
* ἐκκρούω (ekkroúō, “knock out”)
* ἐξανακρούομαι (exanakroúomai, “retreat from”)
* ἐπαγκρούω (epankroúō, “ἐπανακρούω”)
* ἐπανάκρουσις f (epanákrousis, “putting back”)
* ἐπανακρούω (epanakroúō, “put a ship back”)
* ἐπίκρουσις f (epíkrousis, “(medical) percussion”)
* ἐπικρούω (epikroúō, “strike upon”)
* ἐπισυγκρούω (episunkroúō, “meet with a check”)
* εὐπαράκρουστος (euparákroustos, “easy to set aside”)
* θυροκρουστία f (thurokroustía, “knocking at a door”)
* κατάκρουσις f (katákrousis, “downward pressure”)
* κατακρούω (katakroúō, “knock”)
* κουρσιμετρέω (koursimetréō, “cheat in measuring”)
* κρουσιδημέω (krousidēméō, “cheat on people”)
* κρουσίθυρος (krousíthuros, “knocking at the door”)
* κρουσιλύρης m (krousilúrēs, “striking the lyre”)
* -κρούστης m (-kroústēs)
* -κρουστία f (-kroustía)
* μετακρούω (metakroúō, “push into another position”)
* παράκρουσις f (parákrousis, “striking falsely, false note, discord”)
* παρακρούω (parakroúō, “strike aside”)
* περικρούω (perikroúō, “strike off all round”)
* ποδοκρουστία f (podokroustía, “stamping with the feet”)
* προανακρούομαι (proanakroúomai, “push back before”)
* προεκκρούω (proekkroúō, “push”)
* πρόκρουσις f (prókrousis, “a musical phrase”)
* Προκρούστης m (Prokroústēs, “Procrustes”)
* προκρούω (prokroúō, “beat out”)
* προσαποκρούομαι (prosapokroúomai, “check, inhibit”)
* προσεπικρούω (prosepikroúō, “strike against besides”)
* πρόσκρουσις f (próskrousis, “dashing against”)
* προσκρούω (proskroúō, “knock against”)
* σύγκρουσις f (súnkrousis, “collision”)
* συγκρούω (sunkroúō, “strike together”)
* συνεκκρούομαι (sunekkroúomai, “be driven from one's purpose with”)
* ὑπόκρουσις f (hupókrousis, “interruption”)
* ὑποκρούω (hupokroúō, “strike gently”)
* ὑποπαρακρούω (hupoparakroúō)

#### Descendants

* Greek: κρούω (kroúo)
* Mariupol Greek: кру́гу (krúhu)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρούω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 785-6

### Further reading

* “κρούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κρούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κρούω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “κρούω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

The Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkru.o/
* Hyphenation: κρού‧ω

### Verb

κρούω • (kroúo) (past έκρουσα, passive κρούομαι)
* to strike

#### Derived terms

* κρούω τον κώδωνα του κινδύνου (kroúo ton kódona tou kindýnou, “alert”, literally “strike the bell of danger”)

#### Related terms

* κρούση f (kroúsi, “strike”)
* κρούσμα n (kroúsma, “case”) (medical)
* κρουστός (kroustós, “tightly woven; of percussion”)
Compounds of the verb (and see their derivatives)
* αγγελοκρούομαι (angelokroúomai, “view the angel of death; receive the knock”)
* αλληλοσυγκρούομαι (allilosygkroúomai, “collide with each other”)
* ανακρούω (anakroúo, “perform musical piece; go astern”)
* αντικρούω (antikroúo, “rebut”)
* αποκρούω (apokroúo, “repel”)
* εκκρούω (ekkroúo, “strike; delete vowel sound”) (linguistics)
* προσκρούω (proskroúo, “strike against”)
* συγκρούομαι (sygkroúomai, “collide”)
Other compounds
* -κρουση f (-krousi, “-”)
* -κρουστικός (-kroustikós, adjective)
* κωδωνοκρούστης m (kodonokroústis, “toller, bell ringer”)
* παράκρουση f (parákrousi, “delusion, hallucination”)
* προανάκρουσμα n (proanákrousma, “prelude, overture”)
* προκρούστειος (prokroústeios, “procrustean”)
* υπόκρουση f (ypókrousi, “accompaniment”) (music)