OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# υγεία
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* υγειά f (ygeiá) — colloquial
* γεια f (geia) — shortened colloquial

### Etymology

From Koine Greek ὑγεία from Ancient Greek ὑγίεια (hugíeia), from ὑγιής (hugiḗs), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”).
Cognate with Mariupol Greek и́я (íja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈʝi.a/
* Hyphenation: υ‧γεί‧α

### Noun

υγεία • (ygeía) f (plural υγείες)
* health
    Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας ― Ethnikó Sýstima Ygeías ― National Health Service

#### Derived terms

* Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας n (Ethnikó Sýstima Ygeías, “National Health Service”)
* ΕΣΥ (ESY, “NHS”)
* με τις υγείες σας (me tis ygeíes sas, “with wishes to you; Gesundheit!”)
* σοκολάτα υγείας f (sokoláta ygeías, “dark chocolate”)
* χαρτί υγείας n (chartí ygeías, “toilet paper”)
* and see: υγειά (ygeiá) and γεια (geia) for other expressions

#### Related terms

* ανθυγιεινός (anthygieinós, “unsanitary”)
* ανθυγιεινότητα f (anthygieinótita, “unhealthiness”)
* γεια (geia, “good heath, hello”)
* εξυγιαίνω (exygiaíno, “to improve, to make healthy”)
* εξυγίανση f (exygíansi, “reorganisation, sanitation”)
* εξυγιαντικός (exygiantikós, “reorganizing, making healthy”, adjective)
* υγεινόμος m (ygeinómos, “officer of public health”)
* υγειονομική ταφή f (ygeionomikí tafí, “landfilling”)
* υγειονομικός (ygeionomikós, “of public health”, adjective)
* υγιαίνω (ygiaíno, “to be in good health”)
* υγιεινή f (ygieiní, “hygiene”)
* υγιεινολογία f (ygieinología, “hygiene medicine”)
* υγιεινολόγος m (ygieinológos, “hygienist”)
* υγιεινός (ygieinós, “healthy”)
* υγιής (ygiís, “healthy, well”)

### Further reading

* υγεία on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# néma
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From a Slavic language. Compare Slovak nemý, Slovene nem (“dumb”), Common Slavic Proto-Slavic *němъ. Akin to német.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈneːmɒ]
* Hyphenation: né‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Adjective

néma (comparative némább, superlative legnémább)
* (of a person) mute, dumb (not having the power of speech)
* (of a person) silent, speechless (not speaking; indisposed to talk)
    Synonym: szótlan
* (linguistics) silent (not pronounced, having no sound)
    néma betű ― silent letter
* (figurative) silent (free from sound or noise; perfectly quiet)
    Synonyms: csendes, hangtalan
** 2010, Andrea Tompa, A hóhér háza, 2nd edition, Budapest: Libri Kiadó, published 2015, →ISBN, page 5:[…] néhány napja jött vissza egy zsúfolt vonaton az akkor még feszült és néma városból, ahol egy osztálytársát látogatta meg, akit szerencsétlenségére éppen oda vittek katonának […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (figurative, of emotions etc.) silent, hidden
    Synonyms: belső, titkos
    néma könnyek ― silent tears

#### Derived terms

* némaság
* némán
* némít
* némul
* némafilm
* némajáték
* siketnéma, süketnéma
* néma gyereknek az anyja sem érti a szavát
* néma, mint a hal
* néma, mint a sír

### Noun

néma (plural némák)
* mute (a person who does not have the power of speech)

#### Derived terms

* siketnéma, süketnéma

### See also

* halk

### References

* ↑ néma in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

### Further reading

* néma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# ανατολή
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.na.toˈli/
* Hyphenation: α‧να‧το‧λή

### Noun

ανατολή • (anatolí) f (plural ανατολές)
* east, East
    από την ανατολή ως την δύση ― apó tin anatolí os tin dýsi ― from east to west
* sunrise, dawn; moonrise
    από την ανατολή ως την δύση ― apó tin anatolí os tin dýsi ― from sunrise to sunset
* (the) Orient, (the) East

#### Synonyms

* (dawn): αυγή f (avgí)
* (dawn): λυκαυγές (lykavgés)
* (dawn): χάραμα n (chárama)
* (dawn, sunrise): χαραυγή f (charavgí)
* (sunrise, beginning): ξημέρωμα n (ximéroma)

#### Antonyms

* δύση f (dýsi, “west”)

#### Coordinate terms

* Appendix:Greek compass points

#### Related terms

* ανατέλλω (anatéllo, “to rise”)
* Ανατολία f (Anatolía, “Anatolia”)
* ανατολικά (anatoliká, “in the east”, adverb)
* ανατολικά-βορειοανατολικά n pl (anatoliká-voreioanatoliká, “east-northeast”)
* ανατολικά-νοτιοανατολικά n pl (anatoliká-notioanatoliká, “east-southeast”)
* ανατολικός (anatolikós, “eastern, easterly”)
* Ανατολικός Ορθόδοξος (Anatolikós Orthódoxos, “Eastern Orthodox”)
* ανατολιστής m (anatolistís, “orientalist”)
* ανατολίστρια f (anatolístria, “orientalist”)
* ανατολίτης (anatolítis, “oriental”)
* ανατολίτικος (anatolítikos, “oriental”)
* Άπω Ανατολή f (Ápo Anatolí, “Far East”)
* βορειοανατολικά n pl (voreioanatoliká, “northeast”)
* Εγγύς Ανατολή f (Engýs Anatolí, “Near East”)
* Μέση Ανατολή f (Mési Anatolí, “Middle East”)
* νοτιοανατολικά n pl (notioanatoliká, “southeast”)
* προσανατολισμός (prosanatolismós, “orientation”)

#### Further reading

* ανατολή on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# brestan
## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.

### Verb

brestan
* to burst
* to be missing

#### Derived terms

* farbrestan
* gibrestan

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: bersten, barsten
** Dutch: barsten, bersten
*** Afrikaans: bars

#### Further reading

* “brestan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.

### Verb

brestan
* to burst

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: brësten, bresten
** German: bresten, bersten

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną.

### Verb

brestan
* to burst

#### Derived terms

* farbrestan
* tibrestan

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: bersten, barsten, borsten
** Low German: basten
# 民歌
## Chinese

* 民歌

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míngē
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): man$^4$ go$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): min$^3$ go$^{4*}$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ming$^1$ ge$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bîn-koa / bîn-ko
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min-ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngē
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínge
*** Wade–Giles: min$^2$-ko$^1$
*** Yale: mín-gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minge
*** Palladius: миньгэ (minʹgɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngēr
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínger
*** Wade–Giles: min$^2$-ko$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: mín-gēr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minge'l
*** Palladius: миньгэр (minʹgɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵ kɤɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^4$ go$^1$
*** Yale: màhn gō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^4$ go$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^4$ go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: min$^3$ go$^{4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbin²² kᵘɔ²¹⁻²¹⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ming$^1$ ge$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹ kɤ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-koa
*** Tâi-lô: bîn-kua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: binkoaf
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ kua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² kua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² kua³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kua⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-ko
*** Tâi-lô: bîn-ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: binkoy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$min-ku
*** MiniDict: min$^去$ ku
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$min-ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² ku⁴⁴/

### Noun

民歌
* folk song; ballad (Classifier: 首 m c)

#### Synonyms

* 民謠／民谣 (mínyáo)
* (literary) 土風／土风 (tǔfēng)

#### Hypernyms

* 歌謠／歌谣 (gēyáo)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: dân ca (民歌)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 民 | 歌 |

### Noun

民歌
* chữ Hán form of dân ca (“folk song”).
# 民謠
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mínyáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^4$ jiu$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mìn-yèu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bîn-iâu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mínyáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínyáo
*** Wade–Giles: min$^2$-yao$^2$
*** Yale: mín-yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minyau
*** Palladius: миньяо (minʹjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^4$ jiu$^4$
*** Yale: màhn yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^4$ jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^4$ yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn²¹ jiːu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-yèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: min$^ˇ$ ieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: min$^2$ yeu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ i̯eu̯¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-yèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: min$^ˇ$ (r)ieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: min$^2$ yeu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ (j)i̯eu̯¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-iâu
*** Tâi-lô: bîn-iâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bin'iaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² iau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ iau²³/

### Noun

民謠
* folk song; ballad
* (neologism) false rumour concocted and spread by the common people (as opposed to the government)

#### Synonyms

* (folk song): 民歌 (míngē); (literary) 土風／土风 (tǔfēng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “false rumour”): 官謠／官谣 (guānyáo)

#### Hypernyms

* (folk song): 歌謠／歌谣 (gēyáo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 民 | 謠 |
| みん Grade: 4 | よう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

民(みん)謠(よう) • (min'yō)
* Kyūjitai form of 民謡 (“folk song (of the ordinary people)”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 民 | 謠 |

### Noun

民謠 • (minyo) (hangeul 민요)
* hanja form of 민요 (“folk song”)
# tensar
## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English tension, French tension, Italian tensione, Spanish tensión.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tenˈsar/

### Verb

tensar (present tensas, past tensis, future tensos, conditional tensus, imperative tensez)
* (transitive) to stretch: draw in length
* (transitive) to strain, tense
* (transitive) to cock (a gun)
* (transitive) to wind up (a clock or a watch)

#### Derived terms

* tensanto (“one who stretches; tensor”)
* tensar su (“to strain, stiffen oneself”)
* tensata (“tense, strained”)
* tenseso (“stretching, strain, tension, tenseness”)
* tensilo (“stretching instrument; winder”)
* tensita (“tense, strained”)
* tenso (“stretching, strain, tension, tenseness”)

### References

* Progreso IV (in Ido), 1911–1912, page 289, 466
* Progreso V (in Ido), 1912–1913, page 660

## Spanish
### Etymology

From tenso +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tenˈsaɾ/ [t̪ẽnˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ten‧sar

### Verb

tensar (first-person singular present tenso, first-person singular preterite tensé, past participle tensado)
* to tense

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* destensar
* tenso
* tieso

### Further reading

* “tensar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# genero
## Catalan
### Verb

genero
* first-person singular present indicative of generar

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from French genre, Italian genere, Spanish género. Also borrowed from English general, German generell. Doublet of genro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡeˈnero/

### Noun

genero (plural generi)
* genus

#### Derived terms

* generala (“general, generic”)
* generalajo (“generality”)
* generale (“generally, in general”)
* generaleso (“generality”)
* generaligar (“to generalize”)
* generaligo (“generalizing, generalization”)
* generaliguro (“generalizing, generalization”)
* subgenero (“subgenus”)

### See also

* genro
* jenro

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛ.ne.ro/
* Rhymes: -ɛnero
* Hyphenation: gè‧ne‧ro

### Etymology 1

From Latin generum, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem-.

#### Noun

genero m (plural generi)
* son-in-law

##### See also

* nuora (“daughter-in-law”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

genero
* first-person singular present indicative of generare

### Anagrams

* Gerone

## Latin
### Etymology

From genus (“descent, origin, birth”) +‎ -ō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡe.ne.roː/, [ˈɡɛnɛroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒe.ne.ro/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːnero]

### Verb

generō (present infinitive generāre, perfect active generāvī, supine generātum); first conjugation
* to bring to life, to confer life upon: to beget, to breed, to father, to impregnate, to procreate, to sire
    Synonyms: genō, gignō
* (by said means): to generate, to produce
* (passive voice) to be brought to life by: to spring from, to descend from
    Hominum gratia generatur, aluntur bestiae.It springs from the sake of man that beasts are bred.

#### Derived terms

* aggenerō
* congenerō
* ingenerō
* prōgenerō
* regenerō
* supergenerō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: generar
* Dutch: genereren
* English: generate
* French: générer
* German: generieren
* Italian: generare
* Old French: gendrer
* Old Galician-Portuguese: gẽerar
** Galician: xerar
** Portuguese: gerar
* Romanian: genera
* Spanish: generar

### References

* “genero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “genero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* genero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xeˈneɾo/ [xeˈne.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: ge‧ne‧ro

### Verb

genero
* first-person singular present indicative of generar
# trastorno
## Galician
### Noun

trastorno m (plural trastornos)
* disturbance, disorder, upset, upheaval
* disorder (medical)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾasˈtoɾno/ [t̪ɾasˈt̪oɾ.no]
* Rhymes: -oɾno
* Syllabification: tras‧tor‧no

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from trastornar.

#### Alternative forms

* transtorno (nonstandard)

#### Noun

trastorno m (plural trastornos)
* (psychology, psychiatry) disorder
* disturbance (of mind)
    Synonym: disturbio
* (politics) upheaval

##### Hyponyms

* trastorno alimentario (“eating disorder”)
* trastorno alimenticio (“eating disorder”)
* trastorno antisocial de la personalidad
* trastorno bipolar
* trastorno de adaptación (“adjustment disorder”)
* trastorno de ansiedad
* trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (“generalized anxiety disorder”)
* trastorno de ansiedad social (“social anxiety disorder”)
* trastorno de control de impulsos (“impulse control disorder”)
* trastorno de estrés postraumático (“post-traumatic stress disorder”)
* trastorno de identidad de género (“gender identity disorder”)
* trastorno de identidad de la integridad corporal (“body integrity identity disorder”)
* trastorno de identidad disociativo (“dissociative identity disorder”)
* trastorno de la conducta alimentaria
* trastorno de la personalidad (see for further hyponyms)
* trastorno de pánico (“panic disorder”)
* trastorno del espectro autista
* trastorno del estado de ánimo (“mood disorder”)
* trastorno del sueño (“sleep disorder”)
* trastorno delirante (“delusional disorder”)
* trastorno disociativo
* trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad
* trastorno explosivo intermitente
* trastorno límite de la personalidad
* trastorno mental (“mental disorder”)
* trastorno narcisista de la personalidad
* trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo
* trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad
* trastorno paranoide de la personalidad
* trastorno por atracón (“binge eating disorder”)
* trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad
* trastorno por estrés postraumático (“post-traumatic stress disorder”)
* trastorno reactivo de la vinculación
* trastorno somatoforme (“somatoform disorder”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

trastorno
* first-person singular present indicative of trastornar

### Further reading

* “trastorno”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 당기다
## Korean
### Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮다〮 (Yale: tòngkóy-tá). Cognate with 댕기다 (daenggida, “to light, to kindle”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ta̠ŋɡida̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [당기다]

### Verb

당기다 • (danggida) (infinitive 당겨 or 당기어, sequential 당기니)
* to pull, to draw
    Synonym: (dated) 다리다 (darida)
    Antonym: 밀다 (milda, “to push”)

#### Derived terms

* 끌어당기다 (kkeureodanggida)
* 잡아당기다 (jabadanggida)
# αξία
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀξία (axía).

### Noun

αξία • (axía) f (plural αξίες)
* value, price, worth
* (figuratively) value, merit, worth
    Antonym: απαξία (apaxía)

#### Related terms

* αξιέπαινος (axiépainos, “praiseworthy”)
* αξίζω (axízo, “to cost”)
# انگشت
## Pashto
### Noun

انگشت • (angúšt) m
* finger

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Persian ʾngwst', from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“joint”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (aṇgušta) and Sanskrit अङ्गुष्ठ (aṅguṣṭha, “thumb, big toe”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaŋ.ˈɡuʃt]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡʊ́ʃt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡúʃt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæŋ.ɡóʃt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡúʃt̪]

#### Noun

| Dari | انگشت |
| Iranian Persian | انگشت |
| Tajik | ангушт |
اَنگُشت • (angošt) (plural اَنگُشت‌ها (angošt-hâ) or اَنگُشتان (angoštân))
* finger
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 385:لیک در ظلمت یکی دزدی نهان / می‌نهد انگشت بر استارگانlik dar zolmat yeki dozd-i nehân / mi-nehad angošt bar estâregânBut in the darkness a hidden thief is laying his finger upon the stars.
* digit; (especially) the Persian digit of about 2 cm

##### Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of انگشت (angošt) (Iranian Persian) :

##### Alternative forms

* انگشد (angošd) (dialectal, Isfahan)

##### Derived terms

(verbs)
* انگشت گذاشتن (angošt gozâštan)
(others)
* انگشت شست (angošt-e šast)
* انگشت شمار (angošt-šomâr)
* انگشت نگاری (angošt-negâri)
* انگشت پا (angošt-e pâ)
* پنج انگشت (panj angošt)

##### Descendants

* → Gujarati: અંગુશ્ત (aṅguśt)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *angišta-, from Proto-Iranian *Hángārah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [æŋˈɡʲeʃt̪ʰ]
* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaŋ.ˈɡiʃt]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡɪ́ʃt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡíʃt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæŋ.ɡʲéʃt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäŋ.ɡíʃt̪]

#### Noun

| Dari | انگشت |
| Iranian Persian | انگشت |
| Tajik | ангишт |
انگشت • (angešt)
* charcoal

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 169
* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 168
# بچه
## Khalaj
### Adjective

بَچّه (bəççə)
* Arabic spelling of bəççə (“small, little”)

### Noun

بَچّه (bəççə) (definite accusative بَچّه‌ݧ, plural بَچّه‌لَر)
* Arabic spelling of bəççə (“child”)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* پچه (peçe)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian بچه (bače, “child, kid”).

### Noun

بچه • (beçe, beççe)
* child, infant
* boy, lad, youth
* page, apprentice
* young of any animal
    Synonym: یاورو (yavru)
* issue or product of any thing

#### Derived terms

* بچهدار (beçedar, “pregnant”)
* بچهدان (beçedan, “uterus”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: beççe

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “beççe”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 519
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pullus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1404
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بچه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 714
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بچه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 342

## Pashto
### Noun

بچه • (bačá) m
* lad, fellow, boy

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* گوچه (gōča) (dialectal, Sistan)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian wck' (wačag, “child, baby, cub”), from Proto-Iranian *wacáh (“calf”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ba.t͡ʃa], [bat͡ʃ.t͡ʃa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.t͡ʃʰä], [bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.t͡ʃʰä], [bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bä.t͡ʃʰä], [bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bä.t͡ʃʰä], [bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæ.t͡ʃʰe], [bæt͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰe]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bä.t͡ʃʰä], [bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä]
* (Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) IPA: /betʃe/
* (Mashhad) IPA: /betːʃe/
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | بچه, کودک |
| Iranian Persian | بچه |
| Tajik | бача |
| Dari | بچه |
| Iranian Persian | پسر |
| Tajik | писар, пур |
بَچه or بَچّه • (bače or bačče) (plural بچگان (bačegân) or بچه‌ها (bače-hâ))
* child, kid
    Synonyms: فَرزَند (farzand), کودک (kôdak)
* (informal) native to
    بَچهِ اِصفَهانَم ― bačče-ye esfahân-am ― I'm native to Isfahan.
* (Dari) boy, son
    Synonym: پسر (pesar)
* (Dari, informal) bro

#### Usage notes

* In Dari, بچه (bačča) usually means "boy" not "child". With most Kabuli speakers using کودک (kōdak) for the sense of "child".

#### Derived terms

* بچه قورباغه (bačče-qurbâğe)
* بچه کونی (bačče-kuni)
* بچگی (baččegi)
* بچگانه (baččegâne)
* دختربچه (doxtar-bačče, “little girl”)
* پسربچه (pesar-bačče, “little boy”)

#### Descendants

* → Khalaj: bəççə

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “بچه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “بچه”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# 土直
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thó͘-ti̍t
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘-ti̍t
*** Tâi-lô: thóo-ti̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tofdit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tit̚⁴/

### Adjective

土直
* (Hokkien) straightforward and frank (to the point of being crude and rude)