# 茉莉
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī, “a kind of jasmine”) or मल्लिका (mallikā, “a kind of jasmine”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mòlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mut$^6$ lei$^{6-2}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ma̍t-li
* Eastern Min (BUC): mĕ̤k$^{→maĕ̤h}$-lê / mĕk$^{→mĕh}$-lê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bā-lī / bā-nī / boa̍t-nī / ba̍k-nī / ba̍k-ni / bāng-nī / bāng-mī / bāu-mī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mag$^8$ li$^6$ / bhag$^8$ li$^6$ / muag$^8$ li$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$meq-li; $^8$moq-li / $^8$meq-li$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mòlì → mòli (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ → ㄇㄛˋ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mòli̊
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$-li$^5$
*** Yale: mwò-li
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh.lih
*** Palladius: моли (moli)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/ → /mu̯ɔ⁵¹ li¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mut$^6$ lei$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: muht léi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mut$^9$ lei$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mud$^6$ léi$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːt̚² lei̯²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: mad li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mad$^6$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵ li⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mĕ̤k$^{→maĕ̤h}$-lê / mĕk$^{→mĕh}$-lê
*** Sinological IPA : /møyʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/, /mɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā-lī
*** Tâi-lô: bā-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baxli
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ba⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā-nī
*** Tâi-lô: bā-nī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baxni
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ba²²⁻²¹ nĩ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t-nī
*** Tâi-lô: bua̍t-nī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boadni
*** IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k-nī
*** Tâi-lô: ba̍k-nī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bagni
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k-ni
*** Tâi-lô: ba̍k-ni
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bagny
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāng-nī
*** Tâi-lô: bāng-nī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baxngni
*** IPA (Taipei): /baŋ³³⁻¹¹ nĩ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ³³⁻²¹ nĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²²⁻²¹ nĩ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāng-mī
*** Tâi-lô: bāng-mī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baxngmi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ²²⁻²¹ mĩ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu-mī
*** Tâi-lô: bāu-mī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bauxmi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bau²²⁻²¹ mĩ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mag$^8$ li$^6$ / bhag$^8$ li$^6$ / muag$^8$ li$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ma̍k lĭ / ba̍k lĭ / mua̍k lĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /mak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/, /bak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/, /muak̚⁴⁻² li³⁵/
* mag8 li6 - Chaozhou;
* bhag8 li6 - Chaozhou (historical);
* muag8 li6 - Chaoyang, Chenghai, Huilai, Jieyang, Puning, Raoping, Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: mat lej
Rime :
| Character | 茉 | 莉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫撥切 | 郎奚切 |
| Baxter | mat | lej |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑt̚/ | /lei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɑt̚/ | /lei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑt̚/ | /lɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwat̚/ | /lɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑt̚/ | /lei/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑt̚/ | /liei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑt̚/ | /liei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò | lí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mut$^6$ | lai$^4$ |

### Noun

茉莉
* Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac)
* (in compounds) a plant with jasmine-like flowers
    紫茉莉 ― zǐmòlì ― four o'clock flower
    鴛鴦茉莉／鸳鸯茉莉 ― yuānyāngmòlì ― brunfelsia

#### Derived terms

* 紫茉莉 (zǐmòlì)
* 茉莉花 (mòlìhuā)
* 茉莉酸
* 茉莉香米 (mòlì xiāngmǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 茉(まつ)莉(り) (matsuri)
* → Korean: 말리(茉莉) (malli)
* → Vietnamese: mạt lị (茉莉)

### References

* Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.
* Duffus, William (1883) “jasmine”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 157

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 茉 | 莉 |
| まつ Jinmeiyō | り Jinmeiyō |
| goon | kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 茉莉 (MC mat lej), from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī) or मल्लिका (mallikā).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まつり [máꜜtsùrì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ma̠t͡sɨɾʲi]

#### Noun

茉(まつ)莉(り) or 茉莉(マツリ) • (matsuri)
* Synonym of 茉莉花 (matsurika, “Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac”)
* (more generally) any plant of the genus Jasminum

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as マツリ.

##### Synonyms

* ジャスミン (jasumin)

##### Derived terms

* 茉莉花(まつりか) (matsurika, “jasmine flower”)
* 茉莉園(まつりえん) (matsurien, “jasmine garden”)
* 茉莉油(まつりゆ) (matsuriyu, “jasmine oil”)
* 茉莉茶(まつりちゃ) (matsuricha, “jasmine tea”)
* 茉莉花茶(まつりかちゃ) (matsurikacha, “jasmine tea”)
* 瑠璃茉莉(るりまつり) (rurimatsuri)

#### Proper noun

茉(まつ)莉(り) • (Matsuri)
* (rare) a female given name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 茉 | 莉 |
| まり ||
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Borrowed from English Mary. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠ɾʲi]

#### Proper noun

茉莉(まり) or 茉莉(マリ) • (Mari)
* a female given name from English

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 茉 | 莉 |
| まりい ||
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Borrowed from English Marie. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠ɾʲiː]

#### Proper noun

茉莉(まりい) or 茉莉(マリー) • (Marī)
* (rare) a female given name from English

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 茉 | 莉 |
| じゃすみん ||
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Kanji in this term :
| 茉 | 莉 |
| じゃずみん ||
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Borrowed from English Jasmine. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑa̠sɨmʲĩɴ]
* IPA: [d͡ʑa̠zɨmʲĩɴ]

#### Proper noun

茉莉(じゃすみん) or 茉莉(ジャスミン) or 茉莉(じゃずみん) or 茉莉(ジャズミン) • (Jasumin or Jazumin)
* (rare) a female given name from English

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN