# barm
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɑːm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /bɑɹm/
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m

### Etymology 1

From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).

#### Noun

barm (plural barms) (obsolete outside dialects)
* bosom
* lap

##### Derived terms

* Abraham's barm
* barmcloth

### Etymology 2

From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.

#### Noun

barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)
* Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.
** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:[A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.
** 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.
** 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.Penguin 2006, p. 65
* A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread.

##### Derived terms

* bacon barm
* barmbrack
* barmy
* chip barm

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).

#### Verb

barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)
* To spurge; foam

#### See also

* bap
* barmpot
* barmy
* bun
* muffin
* roll

### Anagrams

* AMBR, Bram

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* barmë

### Etymology

A masculine variant of barmë

### Noun

barm m
* bast

#### Related terms

* bardhë
* berk

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “barm”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 18

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz (“warm”). Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

### Adjective

barm (comparative bérmor, superlative dar bérmorste)
* (Luserna, Sette Comuni) warm, hot
    Hòite machetz barm. ― It's hot today.

#### Declension
### References

* “barm” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

#### Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)
* bosom

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse barmr (“rim”).

#### Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)
* (nautical, archaic) a corner of a sail

##### Inflection
## Gothic
### Romanization

barm
* Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌼

## Icelandic
### Noun

barm
* indefinite accusative singular of barmur

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English bearm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz.

#### Alternative forms

* barme, bearm, berm, berme

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barm/, /bɛrm/

#### Noun

barm (plural barmes)
* The lap (The portion of one's legs that lies flat while sitting)
** Late 14th century: And with that word this faucon gan to crie / And swowned eft in Canacees barm. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
* chest, torso, abdomen
** Late 14th century: [...] kisse hire child er that it deyde / And in hir barm this litel child she leyde. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Clerk's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
* belly, stomach
* (rare) A flat surface that serves as a resting-place.

##### Descendants

* English: barm
* Scots: berme, berm, barm

##### References

* “barm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-06.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

barm
* Alternative form of berme (“yeast”)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse baðmr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑrm/

### Noun

barm m (definite singular barmen, indefinite plural barmar, definite plural barmane)
* a bosom

### References

* “barm” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish barmber, from Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

### Noun

barm c
* bosom

#### Declension
### References

* barm in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* barm in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* barm in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)