# responder
## English
### Etymology

From respond +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹɪˈspɒndə/, /ɹəˈspɒndə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ɹɪˈspɑndɚ/, /ɹəˈspɑndɚ/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ɹɪˈspɔndə/
* Hyphenation: re‧spond‧er

### Noun

responder (plural responders)
* One who responds.
** 2014, Geoffrey N. Leech, The Pragmatics of Politeness, page 31:As Levinson (1983: 334) points out, signs of dispreference in turn taking include: (a) Delays: notably a pause, or a time gap, before the responder replies to the preceding turn […]
* A person who responds to an emergency situation or other summons.
    911 responders arrived at the scene within five minutes after the call.

#### Derived terms

* first responder
* non-responder

#### Related terms

* responser
* responsor

### Anagrams

* ponderers, reponders

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin respondēre.

### Verb

responder
* (transitive) to respond

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “responder”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Asturian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin respondēre, likely via Late Latin respondere.

### Verb

responder
* respond

#### Related terms

* respuesta

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese responder, from Latin respondēre (likely via Late Latin respondere).

### Verb

responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respondín, past participle respondido) responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respondim or respondi, past participle respondido, reintegrationist norm)
* to answer; to reply

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* resposta

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.

## Interlingua
### Verb

responder
* to answer

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | responder | responder |
| participle | participle | present | perfect |
| participle | participle | respondente | respondite |
| active | | simple | perfect |
| active | present | responde | ha respondite |
| active | past | respondeva | habeva respondite |
| active | future | respondera | habera respondite |
| active | conditional | responderea | haberea respondite |
| active | imperative | responde | |
| passive | | simple | perfect |
| passive | present | es respondite | ha essite respondite |
| passive | past | esseva respondite | habeva essite respondite |
| passive | future | essera respondite | habera essite respondite |
| passive | conditional | esserea respondite | haberea essite respondite |
| passive | imperative | sia respondite | |

## Ladino
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish responder, inherited from Latin respondēre (likely via Late Latin respondĕre).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Verb

responder (Hebrew spelling ריספונדיר)
* (transitive, intransitive) to answer; to reply (to give a written or spoken response)
** 1997, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 18–19, page 61:A lo kualo la tia Dudu respondia Barminam!To which aunt Dudu replied L-rd have mercy!
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 193:Le respondió la mama: "Diez dedos ay en las manos. Kada uno duele en la mizma manera? No! El diamante es para el diamante!"The mum replied, ‘There are ten fingers on the hands. Each one hurts the same way? No! The diamond is for the diamond!’

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
* ↑ “responder”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin respondēre (likely via Late Latin respondĕre).

### Verb

responder
* (transitive, intransitive) to answer; to reply (to give a written or spoken response)
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 335 (facsimile):⁊ eles lle reſponderon / atal allur a catade.And they answered him: / go seek her elsewhere.

#### Descendants

* Galician: responder
* Portuguese: responder

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
* ↑ Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “responder”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin respondēre (likely via Late Latin respondĕre).

### Verb

responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respuse, past participle respuso)
* (transitive, intransitive) to answer; to reply (to give a written or spoken response)
** c. 1275, Alfonso X, General Estoria, primera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez Prieto-Borja, 2002, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares):E respusol ella: - Beve, mio señor, cuanto quisieres.And she replied to him, ‘Drink, milord, as much as you want.’
** c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos, page 344):[…] e si respuende que non quier con el morar & que quiere maldizer el nonbre de Jhesu Cristo e lo quiere traer a la su carrera mala e a otro pecado mortal, dara la Iglesia a este otro licençia que case.[in the context of a man converted from Judaism to Christianity, regarding his Jewish wife] […] and if she replies that she wills not to live with him anymore, and that she is willing to curse the name of Jesus Christ and take him [back] to her bad ways or some other mortal sin, the Church shall give him a licence to [re]marry.

#### Usage notes

In stem-stressed forms, the present is attested with diphthongization, respuendo, but is very rare. Same is true of the past participle repuso.

#### Descendants

* Ladino: responder, ריספונדיר
* Spanish: responder

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
* ↑ Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “responder”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 440

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese responder, from Latin respondēre (“answer”) (likely via Late Latin respondere), from re- & spondeō (“promise”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁes.põˈde(ʁ)/ [hes.põˈde(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁes.põˈde(ʁ)/ [hes.põˈde(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʁes.põˈde(ɾ)/ [hes.põˈde(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁeʃ.põˈde(ʁ)/ [χeʃ.põˈde(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁes.põˈde(ɻ)/ [hes.põˈde(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨʃ.põˈdeɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨʃ.põˈdeɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨʃ.põˈde.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: res‧pon‧der

### Verb

responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respondi, past participle respondido)
* to answer; to reply (to give a written or spoken response)
    Synonyms: replicar, retorquir, retrucar
    Antonym: calar
* (intransitive) to retort frequently
    Synonym: retrucar
* to correspond to (to be equivalent to)
    Synonyms: corresponder, equivaler
* to counterattack
    Synonyms: contratacar, reagir, revidar
* (intransitive) to be responsible (for something)
* (law, intransitive) to be a defendant

#### Related terms

* respondão
* respondedor
* respondência
* respondente
* respondido
* respondimento
* respondível
* resposta

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish responder, inherited from Latin respondēre (likely via Late Latin respondĕre). The original past participle was respuso or repuso in Old Spanish. The expected diphthongization of stressed Latin /ŏ/ is found in Asturian responder (that is, respuendo) and sporadically in Old Spanish as well.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /responˈdeɾ/ [res.põn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: res‧pon‧der

### Verb

responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respondí, past participle respondido)
* (transitive, intransitive) to answer, to reply
    Synonym: contestar
    responde al nombre de ― his/her name is
    Respondí rápido tus preguntas. ― I answered your questions fast.
    Me gusta que respondas así. ― I like that you give answers like that.
    Lo siento, no te pude responder la llamada. ― Sorry, I couldn't answer your (phone) call.
    Respóndele a tu madre, no te quedes callada. ― Reply to your mother, don't stay silent.
* (transitive, intransitive) to talk back, to answer back (to respond defiantly and inappropriately)
    Synonyms: argumentar, rebatir, replicar
    Mira cómo responde la niña de malcriada. ― Notice how the girl talks back, she's so spoiled.
* (intransitive) to respond, to react (to someone else's actions)
    La audiencia respondía bien a sus chistes. ― The audience was responding well to his jokes.
    Los revolucionarios respondimos con más violencia ante su represión. ― We the revolutionaries, facing their repression, responded with more violence.
* (intransitive) to answer for, to be responsible for, vouch for (with por)
    Synonym: responsabilizarse por
    Necesito un fiador que responda por mí. ― I need a guarantor to vouch for me.
* (intransitive, medicine) to react, to respond (to a treatment, with a)
    El paciente no respondió bien al tratamiento. ― The patient didn't respond well to the treatment.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* respondón
* respuesta

#### Related terms

* corresponder
* responsable
* responso

### References

* ↑ Buchi, Éva, Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–) “*/resˈpɔnd-e-/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “responder”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 887

### Further reading

* “responder”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10