# تپه
## Khalaj
### Noun

تَپه (təpə) (definite accusative تَپەنی, plural تَپەلَر)
* Arabic spelling of təpə (“hill, knoll, mountain”)

#### Declension
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Noun

تَپَه (täpä)
* Alternative form of دَپَه (däpä)

### Further reading

* “depe”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* دپه (depe)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish دَپَه (däpä), تَپَه (täpä), from Proto-Turkic *tepe (“hill, top; top of head”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇 (t²üpü), Azerbaijani təpə, Bashkir түбә (tübə), Chuvash тӳпе (tüp̬e), Kazakh төбе (töbe), Kyrgyz дөбө (döbö), Turkmen depe, Tuvan тей (tey) and Uzbek tepa.

### Noun

تپه • (tepe)
* hill, an elevated landmass smaller than a mountain
    Synonyms: بایر (bayır), پشته (puşte), تل (tell), كوه (küh)
* (geography) peak, the top of a hill or mountain
* crown, the topmost part of the head
    Synonym: قمه (kımme)
* (in general) summit, top, apex, peak, vertex
    Synonyms: ذروه (zirve), طوروق (doruk), قله (kulle), قمه (kımme)

#### Derived terms

* تپه جامی (tepe cami, “bull's eye”)
* تپه كمیكی (tepe kemiği, “skull”)
* تپه پنجرهسی (tepe penceresi, “skylight”)
* تپه گوز (tepe göz, “Cyclops, Atlantic stargazer”)
* تپه‌لتمك (tepeletmek, “to make or let be knocked on the head”)
* تپه‌لك (tepelik, “anything that serves as a summit”)
* تپه‌لمك (tepelemek, “to knock on the head”)
* تپه‌لندرمك (tepelendirmek, “to make or let become a peak”)
* تپه‌لنمك (tepelenmek, “to become formed into a peak”)
* تپه‌لو (tepeli, “crested”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tepe, (dialectal) depe
** → English: tepe
* → Albanian: tepe
* → Armenian: թեփե (tʻepʻe), թափա (tʻapʻa)
* → Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)
* → Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)
** ⇒ Greek: τεπές m (tepés)
* → Persian: تپه (tappe)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tepe”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4739
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “تپه”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 146a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تپه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 342
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Collis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 202
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تپه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1064
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tepe”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تپه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 492

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* تیپه (tēppa) (Tajik)

### Etymology

From a Turkic source, such as Azerbaijani təpə, Uzbek tepa, Ottoman Turkish تپه (tepe). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tepe.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ta.pa], [tap.pa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.pʰä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.pʰä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰä.pʰä], [t̪ʰäp.pʰä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰä.pʰä], [t̪ʰäp.pʰä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæp.pʰe]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰep.pʰä]

### Noun

| Dari | تپه |
| Iranian Persian | تپه |
| Tajik | теппа |
تپه • (tappe) (plural تپه‌ها (tappe-hâ))
* hill
    Synonyms: تنب (tomb), تبره (tabare)
** c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “Tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:به پیری بسی دیدم آوردگاه بسی بر زمین پست کردم سپاه تپه شد بسی دیو در جنگ من ندیدم بدان سو که بودم شکنba pīrī basē dīdam awardgāh basē bar zamīn pušt kardam sipāh tapa šud dēw dar jang-i man na-dīdam bad-ān sō ki būdam šikanIn my old age, many battles have I seen; Many armies on the earth have I put to rout. The demons became a hill [of corpses] in my war, I have not seen myself likewise defeated.(Classical Persian romanization)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “تپه”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim