# 股

| 股 | U+80A1, &#32929; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A1 |
| ← 肠 [U+80A0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肢 → [U+80A2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

股 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓水 (BHNE), four-corner 7724$_7$, composition ⿰⺼殳)

#### Derived characters

* 𦜴, 𨵐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29284
* Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2051, character 7
* Unihan data for U+80A1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 股 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 股 | *klaːʔ |
| 羖 | *klaːʔ |
Originally written 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”), according to 趙平安. Later the 夃 component came to be written 殳, and a 肉 component was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːʔ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”).
Shuowen incorrectly considered it Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːʔ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 殳 (OC *djo, “action”) – the hips as an active part of the body.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú
* Eastern Min (BUC): gū
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$
*** Yale: gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gū
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu
*** Sinological IPA : /kou⁵²/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kuX
Rime :
| Character | 股 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | kuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 股 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷˁaʔ/ |
| English | thigh |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 股 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4311 |
| Phonetic component | 股 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 古 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːʔ/ |

### Definitions

股
* thigh; haunches
* (historical, geometry) longer leg of a non-isosceles right triangle
    勾股定理 ― gōugǔdìnglǐ ― Pythagorean theorem
* lowest-level administrative unit, translated as "section" or "subsection", ranked below 科 (kē)
* ply (of a strand or rope)
* share; proportion
* (finance) share; stock (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
* Classifier for shares in a company.
* Classifier for air, smoke, smells or scent.
    From: 1994, 王健 Wang Jian (lyricist), 谷建芬 Gu Jianfen (composer), "The Sky of History"《歷史的天空》
    Lìshǐ de tiānkōng shǎnshuò jǐ kē xīng; rénjiān yī gǔ yīngxióng qì zài chíchěng zònghéng. [Pinyin]
    In the sky of history blink a few stars; in the human world gallops a heroic spirit hither and thither.
* Classifier for strength, forces.
* (often derogatory) Classifier for groups of people.
* Classifier for long winding things like hair, ropes, roadway, streams, etc.

#### Synonyms

* (thigh):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 髀 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 大腿, 股 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 大腿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 大腿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大腿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 大腿 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大腿 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大腿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 大腿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 大腿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大腿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大腿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 大腿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 大腿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 大腿, 大胯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 大腿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 大腿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 大腳髀 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 大腳髀 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 大腿, 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 大髀, 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 大腳 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 大腿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 大髀 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 髀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 大腿 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 大腿 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 大腿 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 大腳髀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 大腳髀 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 大腳髀, 腳髀, 大裸髀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 大腳髀, 腳髀 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 大腳髀 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 大髀 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 大髀, 腳髀 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 大腿 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 大腿 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大腿 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 大腿 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 跤大腿 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 頂肚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 大跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 大跤腿, 跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 大跤腿, 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 大跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 跤大腿 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 大跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 大腿 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 跤腿 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 大腿 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 跤腿 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 大腿 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 大腿 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 大髀 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 大髀 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 大髀 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 大髀 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 腳腿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 大腿, 大髈, 大腳髈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大腿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 大髈 |
| Wu | Danyang | 大腿, 大髈髈 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 大腿 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 肚腿 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 大腳把子 |
* (stock):
* 份股 (feng$^3$ gu$^2$) (Jin)
* 株式 (zhūshì) (rare)
* 股份 (gǔfèn)
* 股子 (gǔzi)
* 股票 (gǔpiào)

#### Coordinate terms

* 勾 (gōu)

#### Compounds

* 一屁股 (yīpìgu)
* 一股 (yīgǔ)
* 一股勁兒 / 一股劲儿
* 一股腦兒 / 一股脑儿 (yīgǔnǎor)
* 七股 (Qīgǔ)
* 乾股 / 干股 (gāngǔ)
* 二股絃 / 二股弦
* 二頭股肌 / 二头股肌
* 五股 (Wǔgǔ)
* 仙股 (xiāngǔ)
* 光屁股
* 入股 (rùgǔ)
* 八股 (bāgǔ)
* 八股文 (bāgǔwén)
* 八股文章
* 刺股
* 刺股懸梁
* 剪子股
* 割股 (gēgǔ)
* 募股 (mùgǔ)
* 勾股 (gōugǔ)
* 叉股子話 / 叉股子话
* 合股 (hégǔ)
* 商股
* 報屁股 / 报屁股
* 墊股 / 垫股
* 大股東 / 大股东
* 夾屁股 / 夹屁股
* 如在股掌
* 子推割股
* 官股
* 小型股
* 屁股
* 屁股沉
* 屁股眼 (pìguyǎn)
* 平均股價 / 平均股价
* 引錐刺股 / 引锥刺股
* 心膂股肱
* 懸梁刺股 (xuánliángcìgǔ)
* 懸頭刺股 / 悬头刺股
* 成長股 / 成长股
* 打屁股 (dǎ pìgǔ)
* 投機股 / 投机股
* 扭股兒糖 / 扭股儿糖
* 招股 (zhāogǔ)
* 拆股 (chāigǔ)
* 控股公司 (kònggǔ gōngsī)
* 握股公司
* 擦屁股 (cā pìgǔ)
* 擰成一股 / 拧成一股
* 普通股
* 東京股市 / 东京股市
* 毫子股
* 汗洽股慄 / 汗洽股栗
* 沉屁股
* 港股 (gǎnggǔ)
* 濠賭股 / 濠赌股 (háodǔgǔ)
* 火燒屁股 / 火烧屁股
* 炒股票
* 特別股 / 特别股
* 狗顛屁股 / 狗颠屁股
* 猴子屁股
* 現金股利 / 现金股利
* 紅底股 / 红底股 (hóngdǐgǔ)
* 紅籌股 / 红筹股 (hóngchóugǔ)
* 細價股 / 细价股 (xìjiàgǔ)
* 績優股 / 绩优股 (jìyōugǔ)
* 美股 (měigǔ)
* 翻股
* 老八股
* 股份 (gǔfèn)
* 股份公司 (gǔfèn gōngsī)
* 股價 / 股价 (gǔjià)
* 股價指數 / 股价指数 (gǔjià zhǐshù)
* 股兒 / 股儿
* 股利 (gǔlì)
* 股匪
* 股友社
* 股員 / 股员
* 股子 (gǔzi)
* 股市 (gǔshì)
* 股息 (gǔxī)
* 股息股利
* 股慄 / 股栗
* 股戰 / 股战
* 股掌 (gǔzhǎng)
* 股掌之上 (gǔ zhǎng zhī shàng)
* 股本 (gǔběn)
* 股東 / 股东 (gǔdōng)
* 股東大會 / 股东大会 (gǔdōng dàhuì)
* 股東權益 / 股东权益
* 股栗
* 股權 / 股权 (gǔquán)
* 股災 / 股灾 (gǔzāi)
* 股癬 / 股癣 (gǔxuǎn)
* 股票 (gǔpiào)
* 股票價值 / 股票价值
* 股票分割
* 股票市場 / 股票市场 (gǔpiào shìchǎng)
* 股票股利
* 股肱 (gǔgōng)
* 股肱之力
* 股肱耳目
* 股金 (gǔjīn)
* 股長 / 股长 (gǔzhǎng)
* 股關節 / 股关节
* 股關節炎 / 股关节炎
* 股骨 (gǔgǔ)
* 腹股溝 / 腹股沟 (fùgǔgōu)
* 菸屁股 / 烟屁股
* 藍籌股 / 蓝筹股 (lánchóugǔ)
* 蘇秦刺股 / 苏秦刺股
* 認股 / 认股
* 資產股 / 资产股
* 跟屁股
* 退股
* 釵股 / 钗股
* 錐股 / 锥股
* 離股兒 / 离股儿
* 零股交易

### References

* “股”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Tian Miao's "A Formal System of the Gougu Method" in The History of Mathematical Proof in Ancient Traditions, pp. 386–7.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Derived terms

* もも肉(にく), 股(もも)肉(にく), 腿(もも)肉(にく) (momoniku): the meat of the leg, round, ham
* 股(もも)引(ひき), 股(もも)引(ひ)き, もも引(ひ)き (momohiki): close fitting trousers, working trousers

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
* Kun: また (mata, 股, Jōyō)、もも (momo, 股)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 股
* また Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 胯 叉 俣
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mata. Cognate with Miyako 股 (また, mata), Okinawan 股 (また, mata).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) また [màtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ma̠ta̠]

#### Noun

股(また) • (mata)
* (anatomy) crotch, the space between the thighs
* fork in a tree, river, and so on

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 股
* もも Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 腿

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もも [móꜜmò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mo̞mo̞]

#### Noun

股(もも) • (momo)
* thigh
* (anatomy, generally attributive) femoral, relating to the thigh or femur
** 1998, Health and Welfare Statistics Association, Health and Welfare Statistics in Japan, page 195:K41 Femoral Hernia 大腿〈股〉ヘルニアK41 Thigh (femoral) hernia

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 股 (MC kuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〯 (kwǒ) (Yale: kwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [고]

### Hanja

Wikisource 股 (eumhun 넓적다리 고 (neopjeokdari go))
* hanja form of 고 (“thigh”)

#### Compounds

* 고간 (股間, gogan)
* 고관절 (股關節, gogwanjeol, “(anatomy) coxa; hip joint”)
* 고동맥 (股動脈, godongmaek, “(anatomy) femoral artery”)
* 고정맥 (股靜脈, gojeongmaek, “(anatomy) femoral vein”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

股: Hán Nôm readings: cổ, cỗ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.