# 艶

| 艶 | U+8276, &#33398; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8276 |
| ← 艵 [U+8275] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 艷 → [U+8277] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 豔 |
| Shinjitai | 艶 |
| Simplified | 艳 |

### Han character

艶 (Kangxi radical 139, 色+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿弓日山 (TTNAU), composition ⿰豊色)

#### Derived characters

* 𡅩, 𡤩, 灔, 𤣚

#### Related characters

* 豔 (Orthodox form of 艶)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1014, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30632
* Dae Jaweon: page 1474, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3073, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8276

### Usage notes

According to the Kangxi Dictionary (Yupian), 艶 is an unorthodox form (俗字 (súzì)) of 豔.

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 艶 – see 豔 (“bright and gorgeous; gaudy; relating to love relationships; romantic; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 豔).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 艶 |
| Kyūjitai | 艷 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 艷)

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kun: つや (tsuya, 艶, Jōyō)、あでやか (adeyaka, 艶やか)、つやめく (tsuyameku, 艶めく)、なまめかしい (namamekashii, 艶かしい)、なまめく (namameku, 艶めく)
* Nanori: おお (ō)、もろ (moro)、よし (yoshi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 艶
* つや Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 艷 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tuya.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つや [tsùyá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨja̠]

#### Noun

艶(つや) • (tsuya)
* gloss, lustre (UK)/luster (US)

##### Derived terms

* 艶歌(つやうた) (tsuyauta)
* 艶種(つやだね) (tsuyadane, “love affair (rumour of)”)
* 艶々(つやつや) (tsuyatsuya)
* 色艶(いろつや) (irotsuya)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 艶
* あで Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 艷 (kyūjitai)
Shift from 貴 (ate).

#### Adjective

艶(あで) • (ade) -na (adnominal 艶(あで)な (ade na), adverbial 艶(あで)に (ade ni))
* beautiful, charming, elegant

#### Noun

艶(あで) • (ade)
* beauty, charm, elegance

##### Derived terms

* 艶(あで)やか (adeyaka)
* 艶(あで)姿(すがた) (adesugata)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 艶
* えん Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 艷 (kyūjitai)
/jiem/ → /jemʉ/ → /emʉ/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 豔 (MC yemH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

#### Adjective

艶(えん) • (en) -na (adnominal 艶(えん)な (en na), adverbial 艶(えん)に (en ni))
* charming
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 艶だろ | えんだろ | en daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 艶で | えんで | en de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 艶だ | えんだ | en da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 艶な | えんな | en na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 艶なら | えんなら | en nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 艶であれ | えんであれ | en de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 艶ではない 艶じゃない | えんではない えんじゃない | en de wa nai en ja nai |
| Informal past | 艶だった | えんだった | en datta |
| Informal negative past | 艶ではなかった 艶じゃなかった | えんではなかった えんじゃなかった | en de wa nakatta en ja nakatta |
| Formal | 艶です | えんです | en desu |
| Formal negative | 艶ではありません 艶じゃありません | えんではありません えんじゃありません | en de wa arimasen en ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 艶でした | えんでした | en deshita |
| Formal negative past | 艶ではありませんでした 艶じゃありませんでした | えんではありませんでした えんじゃありませんでした | en de wa arimasen deshita en ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 艶で | えんで | en de |
| Conditional | 艶なら（ば） | えんなら（ば） | en nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 艶だったら | えんだったら | en dattara |
| Volitional | 艶だろう | えんだろう | en darō |
| Adverbial | 艶に | えんに | en ni |
| Degree | 艶さ | えんさ | ensa |

#### Noun

艶(えん) • (en)
* charm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Affix

艶(えん) • (en)
* charming, voluptuous
* love affair, romance
* gloss, luster

##### Derived terms

* 艶歌(えんか) (enka)
* 艶姿(えんし) (enshi, “alluring figure”)
* 艶書(えんしょ) (ensho, “love letter”)
* 艶色(えんしょく) (enshoku, “bewitching looks; beautiful colour”)
* 艶美(えんび) (enbi, “beauty, charm”)
* 艶福(えんぷく) (enpuku, “success in love”)
* 艶聞(えんぶん) (enbun, “love affair”)
* 艶名(えんめい) (enmei)
* 艶冶(えんや) (en'ya)
* 艶容(えんよう) (en'yō, “charming look”)
* 艶麗(えんれい) (enrei, “dazzling (beauty)”)
* 濃艶(のうえん) (nōen)
* 豊艶(ほうえん) (hōen)
* 妖艶(ようえん) (yōen)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 염 (艷, yeom) (Orthodox form of 艶)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豔 (MC yemH). Recorded as Middle Korean 염〯 (yěm) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

艶 (eumhun 고울 염 (goul yeom))
* hanja form of 염 (“charming, voluptuous; love affair, romance; gloss, luster”)

#### Compounds

* 냉염 (冷艶, naeng'yeom, “elegance”)
* 농염 (濃艶, nong'yeom, “glamour”)
* 담염 (澹艶, damyeom, “elegance”)
* 염가 (艶歌, yeomga, “love song”)
* 염곡 (艶曲, yeomgok, “love song”)
* 염려 (艶麗, yeomnyeo, “dazzling beauty”)
* 염문 (艶文, yeommun, “love letter”)
* 염문 (艶聞, yeommun, “love affair”)
* 염미 (艶美, yeommi, “sensual beauty”)
* 염복 (艶福, yeombok, “success in love”)
* 염사 (艶事, yeomsa, “love story”)
* 염색 (艶色, yeomsaek, “bewitching looks”)
* 염서 (艶書, yeomseo, “love letter”)
* 염선 (艶羨, yeomseon, “envy”)
* 염용 (艶容, yeomyong, “charming look”)
* 염자 (艶姿, yeomja, “alluring figure”)
* 염정 (艶情, yeomjeong, “love feeling”)
* 염처 (艶妻, yeomcheo, “beautiful wife”)
* 염태 (艶態, yeomtae, “alluring figure”)
* 요염 (妖艶, yoyeom, “voluptuous beauty”)
* 음염 (淫艶, eumyeom, “sex appeal”)
* 풍염 (豊艶, pung'yeom, “glamour”)

### Usage notes

Although not the orthodox form mandated by the "Table of hanja for personal names" and the National Institute of Korean Language, this variant form is far more common in actual usage than its orthodox counterpart.
Some Korean dictionaries include this form "艶" when glossing words containing this Hanja, instead of its orthodox form "艷."

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 30.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

艶: Hán Nôm readings: diễm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.