# deug
## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪø̯χ/

### Etymology 1

From Dutch deugd, from Middle Dutch dōget, from Old Dutch *dugeth, from Proto-Germanic *dugunþō (“usefulness, virtue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to be ready, be sufficient”).

#### Noun

deug (plural deugde)
* virtue

##### Derived terms

* ondeug

### Etymology 2

From Dutch deugen, from Middle Dutch dōgen, from Old Dutch dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

#### Verb

deug (present deug, present participle deugende, past participle gedeug)
* (intransitive) to be appropriate, to be adequate, to be fitting
* (intransitive) to be decent, to be virtuous

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -øːx

### Verb

deug
* inflection of deugen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Unknown. Originally a u-stem because of the u-coloured e. Related to Welsh diod (“drink”).
Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *de- (“from”) +‎ *gus (“pouring”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”), compare Ancient Greek χόη (khóē, “libation”). Or from Proto-Celtic *dīātis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”). Or related to *dʰǵʰúHs (“fish”) (see there).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʲeu̯ɣ/

### Noun

deug f (genitive dige)
* drink
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27$^a$24
    Nachib·mided .i. nachib·berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, inna ndig et a mbiad, inna llíthu et a ssapati, act bad foirbthe far n‑iress.Let him not judge you, i.e. do not be borne into the institutions of the Law of the Old Testament, into their drink and their food, into their festivals and their sabbaths; but let your faith be perfect.
* draught
* potion

#### Inflection

Feminine ā-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | deug$^L$ | dig$^L$ | deuga$^H$ |
| Vocative | deug$^L$ | dig$^L$ | deuga$^H$ |
| Accusative | dig$^N$ | dig$^L$ | deuga$^H$ |
| Genitive | dige$^H$ | deug$^L$ | deug$^N$ |
| Dative | dig$^L$ | deugaib | deugaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: deog, deoch
** Irish: deoch
** Manx: jough
** Scottish Gaelic: deoch

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 308, page 195; reprinted 2017
* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) “deog”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-51f.
* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “deug”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “deog, deoch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* dheug

### Etymology

From Middle Irish déc, from Old Irish deec, deac, from Proto-Celtic *dekam-kʷe (literally “and ten”), with loss of the first k by dissimilation. Cognate with Irish déag and Manx jeig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʲiək/, /tʃiək/

### Numeral

deug
* -teen

#### Usage notes

* Used not as a suffix but as a separate word:
    ochd ― eight
    ochd deug ― eighteen

#### Derived terms

* cola-deug (“fortnight”)
* dà dhusan dheug (“gross; 144”)
* deugaire (“teenager”)

#### Related terms

* deich - ten

### References

* ↑ Schrijver, Peter (1993) “Varia IV. OIr. dëec, dëac”, in Ériu, volume 44, pages 181–84