OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# पाळणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘢𑘩𑘜𑘹 (palaṇe), 𑘢𑘰𑘩𑘜𑘹 (pālaṇe), 𑘢𑘰𑘯𑘜𑘹 (pāḷaṇe), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀇 (pālei), from Sanskrit पालयति (pāláyati). Cognate with Gujarati પાળવું (pāḷvũ), Hindustani پَالْنَا (pālnā) / पालना (pālnā), Nepali पाल्नु (pālnu), Punjabi ਪਾਲਣਾ (pālṇā) / پالݨا (pālṇā).

### Pronunciation

* (formal) IPA: /paɭ̆.ɳe/
* (colloquial) IPA: /paɭ̆.ɳə/

### Verb

पाळणे • (pāḷṇe) (transitive)
* to keep, raise
* to follow, observe
    लेनची शिस्त पाळा. ― lencī śista pāḷā. ― Observe the lane discipline.

#### Derived terms

* पाळणा (pāḷṇā, “cradle”)
* पाळी (pāḷī, “turn, shift”, noun)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “पाळणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पाळणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “पाळणें”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pāláyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# frigatebird
## English
### Alternative forms

* frigate bird

### Etymology

From frigate +‎ bird.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɹɪ.ɡətˌbɝd/

### Noun

frigatebird (plural frigatebirds)
* Any of five species of bird in the genus Fregata, the only genus in the family Fregatidae.
** 1987, J. P. Croxall, Seabirds: Feeding Ecology and Role in Marine Ecosystems‎, page 58:Unlike most seabirds, frigatebirds are not able to alight on the water.
** 2011, Penny Olsen, Leo Joseph, Stray Feathers: Reflections on the Structure, Behaviour and Evolution of Birds, page 176:The oceanic frigatebirds are represented in Australia by three species: the Great and Lesser Frigatebirds and endemic Christmas Island Frigatebird (pictured).
** 2011, David Horwell, Pete Oxford, Galápagos Wildlife, 3rd edition, page 64:Often called man o' war birds, they are notorious as piratical cleptomaniacs that steal food from other birds at every opportunity. This reputation is justified, but frigatebirds are also capable of an 'honest' living. It would seem that a frigatebird can discriminate between a bird with a full gullet and one which is empty. An unlucky booby or tropicbird may be plucked out of the air, dangled by the tail-tip and shaken until it regurgitates its food, which the frigatebird then makes off with.

#### Hyponyms

* (bird of family Fregatidae): (magnificent frigatebird): man o' war bird, pirate bird

#### Derived terms

* Ascension frigatebird (Fregata aquila)
* Christmas frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi)
* Christmas Island frigatebird (= Christmas frigatebird)
* magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens)
* great frigatebird (Fregata minor)
* lesser frigatebird (Fregata ariel)
# luksemburgiskās
## Latvian
### Adjective

luksemburgiskās
* locative plural feminine of luksemburgisks

### Adjective

luksemburgiskās
* inflection of luksemburgiskais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# tuottaa
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

tuoda (“to bring (over)”) +‎ -ttaa (factitive aspect). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuo̯tːɑːˣ/, [ˈt̪uo̞̯t̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uotːɑː
* Hyphenation: tuot‧taa

#### Verb

tuottaa
* (transitive) to produce, yield (bring forth; make or manufacture)
    Tehdas tuottaa erilaisia paperituotteita.The factory produces different kinds of paper products.
    Kehon immuunijärjestelmä tuottaa vasta-aineita tautien torjumiseksi.The immune system in the body produces antibodies to prevent diseases.
    Lehmä ei tuottanut maitoa yhtä paljon kuin viime vuonna.The cow has not yielded as much milk as it did last year.
    Afaatikko ei kykene tuottamaan puhetta.A person suffering from aphasia is unable to produce speech.
* (transitive) to bring, bring about, cause [with allative ‘to (a person, etc.)’]
    Vieraat aihepiirit, mutkikkaat ilmaukset tai sävyerot voivat tuottaa vaikeuksia.Unfamiliar subjects, complicated expressions or differences in nuance can cause difficulties.
* (intransitive) to profit, make profit, return a profit (to generate profit)
    Osakkeet ja osuudet tuottivat alkuvuonna 13,8 prosenttia.The shares made 13.8 % profit in the first half of the year.
* (transitive) to produce (work as a producer in a media project; sponsor and present to an audience or to the public; may also be used, like in English, to refer to an artist 'producing' works)
    Hän on tuottanut myös monia muita kaikille tuttuja elokuvia.He has also produced many other films we all know.
* (transitive, physics) to generate, produce (produce as a result of a chemical or physical process)
    Useimmissa voimalaitoksissa sähköä tuotetaan generaattoreilla.In most power plants, generators are used to generate electricity.
* (transitive) to have (something) brought (over)
    Kannattaako auto tuottaa Suomeen EU-maasta?Is it worthwhile to have a car brought over to Finland from an EU country?

##### Derived terms

* tuottamaton
* tuottava
* tuottelias
* tuotanto
* tuote
* tuotos
* tuottaja
* tuottaminen
* tuottamus
* tuotto

##### Descendants

* → Estonian: tootma (calque)

#### Further reading

* “tuottaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuo̯tːɑː/, [ˈt̪uo̞̯t̪ːɑ̝ː]
* Rhymes: -uotːɑː
* Hyphenation: tuot‧taa

#### Verb

tuottaa
* third-person singular present indicative of tuottaa

### Anagrams

* tauotta
# njušiti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ňušiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲûʃiti/
* Hyphenation: nju‧ši‧ti

### Verb

njȕšiti impf (Cyrillic spelling њу̏шити)
* (transitive) to smell, scent
* (transitive) to sniff
* (transitive) to nose

#### Derived terms

* nànjušiti
* ònjušiti
* pònjušiti
* prònjušiti
# seamair
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish semar, semair (“clover, shamrock”).

### Noun

seamair f (genitive singular seimre, nominative plural seamra)
* clover

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
seamair
seamra
vocative
a sheamair
a sheamra
genitive
seimre
seamar
dative
seamair
seamra
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tseamair
na seamra
genitive
na seimre
na seamar
dative
leis an tseamair don tseamair
leis na seamra :

#### Derived terms

* seamair bhán f (“white clover”)
* seamair choille f (“wood-sorrel”)
* seamair chré f (“speedwell”)
* seamair dhearg f, seamair chapaill f (“red clover”)
* seamair mhilis f (“sweet clover”)
* seamair Mhuire f (“four-leaved shamrock”)
* seamróg f (“shamrock”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “seamair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “semar, semair”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# unprotected
## English
### Etymology 1

From un- +‎ protected.

#### Adjective

unprotected (comparative more unprotected, superlative most unprotected)
* Not protected; lacking defence or protection; exposed.
** 1794, Charlotte Smith, chapter II, in The Banished Man. […], volume II, London: […] T[homas] Cadell, Jun. and W[illiam] Davies, (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, page 45:The dread of leaving his daughter deſolate and unprotected in a ſtrange country, had been ſo great, that he had denied himſelf even the few comforts he could have obtained, becauſe he deſired to reſerve the little money he had left to ſend her back to Warſaw, […]
** 1880, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, page 35:A well-gilt top to a book is a great preventive against damage by dust, while to leave books with rough tops and unprotected is sure to produce stains and dirty margins.
** 1941, Theodore Roethke, “Prognosis”, in Open House; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, 1975, →ISBN, page 5:Flesh behind steel and glass is unprotected From enemies that whisper to the blood; The scratch forgotten is the scratch infected; The ruminant, reason, chews a poisoned cud.
** 1944 January and February, “Light Railways in Derbyshire”, in Railway Magazine, page 25:The level crossings at Stretton and at the point where the A.L.R. crosses the main road south of Stretton are provided with gates; other crossings are unprotected, save for cattle-guards.

##### Synonyms

* improtected

##### Antonyms

* protected

##### Derived terms

* unprotected sex

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From unprotect +‎ -ed.

#### Verb

unprotected
* simple past and past participle of unprotect
# aduh
## Banjarese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

### Interjection

aduh
* ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aduh/

### Interjection

aduh
* ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* adoeh (1901–1947)
* duh
* waduh

### Etymology

From Malay aduh, from Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /aˈduh/ [aˈdʊh]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uh
* Syllabification: a‧duh

### Interjection

aduh
* ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)

### See also

* idih (“expression of disgust”)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* adoi, waduh

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aduh/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ädʊh -doh -do̞h]
* Rhymes: -uh

### Interjection

aduh (Jawi spelling ادوه)
* ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: aduh
* North Moluccan Malay: ado
* → Petjo: adoeh, adoe

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

### Interjection

aduh (Sundanese script ᮃᮓᮥᮂ)
* ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aduq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# COTY
## English
### Noun

COTY (plural COTYs)
* Abbreviation of car of the year. (an honor given to a car)

#### Alternative forms

* (car of the year): CotY, Coty

#### Hypernyms

* (... of the year): OTY

#### Related terms

* EVOTY, EVotY, Evoty
* GOTY, GotY, Goty
* SUVOTY, SUVotY, Suvoty
* TOTY, TotY, Toty
* VGOTY, VGotY, Vgoty

### Anagrams

* cyto-
# xeográfico
## Asturian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃeoˈɡɾafiko/ [ʃe.oˈɣ̞ɾa.fi.ko]
* Rhymes: -afiko
* Syllabification: xe‧o‧grá‧fi‧co

### Adjective

xeográfico n sg
* neuter of xeográficu

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* geográfico (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Latin geōgraphicus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃeoˈɡɾafiko/ [ʃeoˈɣ̞ɾa.fi.kʊ]
* IPA: (standard) /ʃeoˈɡɾafiko/ [ʃeoˈɣ̞ɾa.fi.kʊ]
* IPA: (gheada) /ʃeoˈħɾafiko/ [ʃeoˈħɾa.fi.kʊ]
* Rhymes: -afiko
* Hyphenation: xe‧o‧grá‧fi‧co

### Adjective

xeográfico (feminine xeográfica, masculine plural xeográficos, feminine plural xeográficas)
* geographic

#### Related terms

* xeografía

### Further reading

* “xeográfico”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* “xeográfico” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “xeográfico”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “xeográfico”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
# lēnos
## Latvian
### Adjective

lēnos
* locative plural masculine of lēns

### Adjective

lēnos
* accusative plural masculine of lēnais
# Ettenheim
## German
### Etymology

First attested in the course of the 9th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛtn̩haɪ̯m/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Et‧ten‧heim

### Proper noun

Ettenheim n (proper noun, genitive Ettenheims or (optionally with an article) Ettenheim)
* Ettenheim (a town in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany)

#### Declension

$^1$Optionally with an article.

#### Derived terms

* Ettenheimer
** Ettenheimerin
# trti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *terti, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”). Cognate with Latin terō (“to rub”), Ancient Greek τρίβω (tríbō, “to rub”), Lithuanian trinti (“to rub”), Latvian trīt (“to rub”), Armenian թրել (tʻrel, “to knead”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tr̂ti/
* Hyphenation: tr‧ti

### Verb

tȑti impf (Cyrillic spelling тр̏ти)
* (transitive) to rub
* (transitive) to cause friction
* (transitive) to scour, scrub
* (transitive) to break, crush (especially flax)

#### Derived terms

* òtrti
* pòtrti
* ràstrti
* sàtrti
* stȑti
* ùtrti
* zàtrti
# retractile
## English
### Adjective

retractile (comparative more retractile, superlative most retractile)
* That can be retracted (as a cat's claws)

#### Derived terms

* irretractile
* nonretractile
* unretractile
# Barbus
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin barbus.

### Proper noun

Barbus m
* (formerly) A taxonomic genus within the family Barbidae – many fish resembling barbs and barbels, now being assigned to genera, mostly in Barbinae, especially Puntius.
* A taxonomic genus within the family Cyprinidae – typical barbs and barbels.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Actinopterygii – superclass; Teleostei – class; Ostariophysi – superorder; Cypriniformes – order; Cyprinoidea – superfamily; Cyprinidae – family; Barbinae – subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (former genus in Barbidae): Search World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) for "Barbus"
* (genus in Cyprinidae): See Barbus on WikispeciesWikispecies or Barbus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

#### Coordinate terms

* (genus in Barbinae): Acrossocheilus*, Barbodes, Caecobarbus, Capoeta, Carasobarbus, Catla, Catlocarpio, Dawkinsia, Haludaria, Iranocypris, Labeobarbus, Luciobarbus, Pethia, Phreatichthys, Pseudobarbus, Puntius*, Rohtee, Schizopyge, Sinocyclocheilus*, Systomus, Tor, Typhlogarra, Varicorhinus – genera (genera marked with * included species formerly in Barbus)

### References

* Barbus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Barbus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Barbus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# doménega
## Ligurian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin [diēs] Dominica (“day of the Lord”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duˈmeneɡa/

### Noun

doménega f (plural doméneghe)
* Sunday
** 1984, “Â duménega [On Sunday]”, in Fabrizio De André (lyrics), Mauro Pagani (music), Crêuza de mä [Muletrack by the sea], performed by Fabrizio De André:Quando â doménega fan o gìo / cappellin neuvo, neuvo o vestìo / co 'a madama, a madama 'n testa / o belìn che festa, o belìn che festa!(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### See also

* days of the week: giórni setemànn-a (appendix): lunedì · martedì · mèrcoledì · zéuggia · venerdì · sàbbo · doménega

## Venetan
### Alternative forms

* domìnica

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin [diēs] Dominica (“day of the Lord”).

### Noun

doménega f (plural doméneghe)
* Sunday
# kazaĥa
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaˈzaxa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -axa
* Hyphenation: ka‧za‧ĥa

### Adjective

kazaĥa (accusative singular kazaĥan, plural kazaĥaj, accusative plural kazaĥajn)
* Kazakh (of or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people, or the Kazakh language)
    Hypernym: eŭropa
* (la kazaĥa) Clipping of la kazaĥa lingvo (“the Kazakh language”).

#### Derived terms

* kazaĥa lingvo (“Kazakh language”)
* kazaĥlingvano, kazaĥparolanto (“a Kazakh speaker”)

#### Related terms

* kazaĥe (“in Kazakh”)
* Kazaĥio (“Kazakhstan”)
* kazaĥo (“a Kazakh”)
# chau-cháu
## Macanese
### Alternative forms

* cha-cháu

### Etymology

Reduplication of Cantonese 炒 (caau$^2$, “to stir-fry”). Compare Chinese Pidgin English chow-chow.

### Noun

chau-cháu
* Chinese stew, usually made of a mixture of meats and vegetables
* a stir-fry

#### Derived terms

* arôz chauchau
* chau-chau pêle (“said stew made with pêle (puffed dried pork skin), pork, chinese sausages and cabbage”)

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm
# lēnā
## Latvian
### Adjective

lēnā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of lēns

### Adjective

lēnā
* inflection of lēnais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# препоручиц
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian препоручити / preporučiti. By surface analysis, пре- (pre-) +‎ поручиц (poručic).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɛpɔˈrut͡ʃit͡s]
* Rhymes: -ut͡ʃit͡s
* Hyphenation: пре‧по‧ру‧чиц

### Verb

препоручиц (preporučic) pf (imperfective препоручовац)
* (transitive) to recommend

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* препоручени (preporučeni)
* препоручлїви (preporučljivi)
* препорука f (preporuka)
* препорученє n (preporučenje)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “препоручиц”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “recommend”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 241
# igrati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati. Cognate to Russian игра́ть (igrátʹ) and Czech hrát and Polish igrać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /îɡrati/
* Hyphenation: i‧gra‧ti

### Verb

ȉgrati impf (Cyrillic spelling и̏грати)
* (intransitive) to play (game, sports etc.)
* (intransitive) to act, enact
* (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, transitive, intransitive) to dance
    Synonym: plesati (Croatia)
* (reflexive) to amuse oneself, toy with, play with

#### Derived terms

* doìgrati
* igrač
* ìzigrati
* nàdigrati
* òbigrati
* òdigrati
* pòigrati
* pròigrati
* razìgrati
* ùigrati
* zàigrati

#### Related terms

* igra
* igralište
* zàigrān
* rȁzigrān

### Further reading

* “igrati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “igrati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьgrati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɡràːti/
* Hyphenation: i‧grá‧ti

### Verb

igráti impf
* to play (of games or instruments)
* to act (in a play)

#### Derived terms

* izigráti
* preigráti
* priigráti
* razigráti
* zaigráti

### Further reading

* “igrati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “igrati”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references
# insensitivity
## English
### Etymology

From in- +‎ sensitivity.

### Noun

insensitivity (usually uncountable, plural insensitivities)
* The condition of being insensitive
** 1979 December 22, Gia Berkman, “Some Friction”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 4:To make matters worse, you did not publish the news note until 5 days before the conference — even though we had submitted it enough in advance to have been included in the previous weeks' paper. This showed a great insensitivity to the fact that lesbians with children are often not very mobile or flexible...We need that kind of advance notice in order to plan an all-day conference on a Saturday!

#### Antonyms

* sensitivity

#### Derived terms

* androgen insensitivity syndrome
* complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
* congenital insensitivity to pain
# Gawar-Bati
## English
### Alternative forms

* Narsati

### Etymology

From Gawar-Bati گور-باتی (Gavar-Bati).

### Proper noun

Gawar-Bati
* A Dardic language spoken in Chitral, Pakistan as well as the Kunar province of Afghanistan.
# u-քվարկ
## Armenian
### Noun

u-քվարկ • (u-kʻvark)
* up quark

#### Declension
### See also

* quarks: քվարկներ (kʻvarkner): u-քվարկ (u-kʻvark) · d-քվարկ (d-kʻvark) · c-քվարկ (c-kʻvark) · s-քվարկ (s-kʻvark) · t-քվարկ (t-kʻvark) · b-քվարկ (b-kʻvark)
# بوجك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bȫgček (“insect”), a diminutive of *bȫg (“camel spider”). Cognate with Azerbaijani böcək, Bashkir бөжәк (böjək), Crimean Tatar böcek, Kazakh бөжек (böjek) and Turkmen möjek.

### Noun

بوجك • (böcek)
* insect, any arthropod in the Insecta class characterized by six legs
    Synonym: حشره (haşere)
* (colloquial) insect, bug, any small arthropod similar to an insect
    Synonyms: حشره (haşere), هامه (hamme)
* spiny lobster, rock lobster, any crustacean in the family Palinuridae
* (formerly) member of the imperial secret police organization, composed of former thieves and pickpockets

#### Derived terms

* آتش بوجكی (ateş böceği, “firefly”)
* آغستوس بوجكی (ağustos böceği, “cicada”)
* ایپك بوجكی (ipek böceği, “silkworm”)
* بوجك باشی (böcek başı, “chief of the secret police organization”)
* بوجك گبی (böcek gibi, “insect-like”)
* بوجكلنمك (böceklenmek, “to become infested by insects”)
* بوجكلی (böcekli, “full of insects”)
* بوق بوجكی (bok böceği, “dung beetle”)
* تسبیح بوجكی (tesbih böceği, “woodlouse”)
* حمام بوجكی (hamam böceği, “cockroach”)
* سوموكلو بوجك (sümüklü böcek, “snail, slug”)
* قامش بوجكی (kamış böceği, “leaf beetle”)
* قفتان بوجكی (kaftan böceği, “ladybird”)
* مازو بوجكی (mazı böceği, “gall wasp”)
* مایس بوجكی (mayıs böceği, “cockchafer”)
* پاپوج بوجكی (pabuc böceği, “cricket”)
* یلدز بوجكی (yıldız böceği, “glowworm”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: böcek
* → Armenian: պէօճէկ (pēōčēk), բէօջա̈գ$^յ$ (bēōǰäg$^y$)
* → Laz: ბოჯეღი (boceği)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “böcek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 670
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “بوجك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 128b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بوجك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 280
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Insectum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 823
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوجك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 910
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “böcek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوجك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 392