# береза
## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bèrza. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic брѣза (brěza) and Old Polish brzoza.
Doublet of брѣза (brěza), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛˈrɛzɑ/→/bʲɛˈrʲɛza/→/bʲɛˈrʲɛza/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /bɛˈrɛzɑ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /bʲɛˈrʲɛza/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /bʲɛˈrʲɛza/
* Hyphenation: бе‧ре‧за

### Noun

береза (bereza) f
* birch

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: бере́за (beréza), беро́за (beróza) — Middle Belarusian
** Belarusian: бяро́за (bjaróza)
** Carpathian Rusyn: бере́за (beréza)
** Ukrainian: бере́за (beréza)
*** → Yiddish: בערעזע (bereze)
* Russian: берёза (berjóza)
** → Yiddish: בעריאָזע (beryoze)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “береза”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 69

## Old Ruthenian
### Alternative forms

* беро́за (beróza) — Middle Belarusian

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic береза (bereza), from Proto-Slavic *bèrza, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀźāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵeh₂, from *bʰerHǵ-. Cognate with Russian берёза (berjóza).

### Noun

береза • (bereza) f (related adjective бере́зовый, diminutive бере́зка)
* birch (tree)

#### Derived terms

* Бере́за (Beréza) (Old Ukrainian surname)
* бере́зина (berézina)
* бере́зкїй (berézkij)
* бере́зникъ (beréznik)
** березничокъ (berezničok)
* бере́знꙗкъ (beréznjak)
* бере́зьє (berézʹje), бере́зѧ (berézja)

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: бяро́за (bjaróza)
* Carpathian Rusyn: бере́за (beréza)
* Ukrainian: бере́за (beréza)
** → Yiddish: בערעזע (bereze)

### References

* ↑ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*berza”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 201: “ст.-укр. береза ― st.-ukr. bereza”
* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “бере́за”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 171: “1”
* ↑ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “бере́за”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 109: “MUk. березя collect. (XVII c.), берези Gsg. (XVIII c.)”
* ↑ Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1978), “бяро́за”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 1 (А – бячэ́йка), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 439
* ↑ Anikin, A. E. (2009) “берёза I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 3 (бе – болдыхать), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 114

### Further reading

* Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “береза”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, number 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: State Publishing House of Ukraine, page 84
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “*береза¹”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 93
* Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1982), “береза, бероза”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 1 (а – биенье), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 278
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1994), “береза”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 2 (б – богуславецъ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 75

## Russian
### Noun

береза • (berjóza) f inan
* Alternative spelling of берёза (berjóza)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [beˈrɛzɐ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Ukrainian береза (bereza), from Old East Slavic береза (bereza), from Proto-Slavic *berza, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *berźas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.

#### Noun

бере́за • (beréza) f inan (genitive бере́зи, nominative plural бере́зи, genitive plural бері́з)
* birch (tree)
* a hard wood taken from the birch tree

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From older form *березий (*berezyj, “striped, white with black”), from Proto-Slavic *berzъ, which is related to Bulgarian бряз (brjaz). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ-.

#### Noun

бере́за • (beréza) m pers (genitive бере́зи, nominative plural бере́зи, genitive plural бере́з)
* (obsolete) leader at any activities (parties, choir, caroling etc.)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “береза”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “береза”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “береза”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka