# cathedra
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra, “chair of a teacher, throne”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Doublet of chair and chaise.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəˈθiːdɹə]

### Noun

cathedra (plural cathedrae or cathedras)
* The chair or throne of a bishop.
* The rank of bishop.
* The official chair of some position or office, as of a professor.

#### Related terms

* ex cathedra

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.tʰe.dra/, [ˈkät̪ʰɛd̪rä] or IPA: /kaˈtʰed.ra/, [käˈt̪ʰɛd̪rä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.te.dra/, [ˈkäːt̪ed̪rä] or IPA: /kaˈted.ra/, [käˈt̪ɛd̪rä]

### Noun

cathedra f (genitive cathedrae); first declension
* armchair (having cushions and supports)
* ceremonial chair (of a teacher, later of a bishop)
* the office or rank of teacher or bishop
* pulpit in Church for preaching
* chair

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* cathedrālicius
* cathedrālis
* cathedrārius
* cathedrāticum
* cathedrāticus
* cathedrātum
* cathedrātus
* cathedrō

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: cadira, carida, cadrea, catrea
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Dalmatian: catraida, katraida, catrieda
** Italian: cattedra
** Sicilian: càttidra, catrida
** Venetan: carega
*** → Albanian: karrige
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: cjadree, čhadree (alternative orthography)
** Ladin: cariega
** Romansch: chadreiga
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: cadrega, carega
** Ligurian: carêga, cairega, cariega
** Lombard: cadrega, cadreja, caréga
*** → Piedmontese: cadrega
** Piedmontese: careja, carea; carega
*** → Franco-Provençal: careya, carea (Valdôtain)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Francoprovençal: cheyri
*** Franco-Provençal: cheyèri
** Old French: chaiere, caiere (Old Northern French)
*** Lorrain: tchaière
*** Middle French: chaire, chaere
**** French: chaire, chaise
***** → Alemannic German: Scheese
***** → English: chaise
****** ⇒ English: shay (archaic)
***** Louisiana Creole: lashèz, lashèj, shèj, shèz
*** Norman: caire
**** Jersey Norman: tchaîthe
**** Guernesey Norman: tchaire
**** Sark Norman: cheez
*** Picard: caïère, caïèle (Pas-de-Calais)
*** → Middle English: chayer (see there for further descendants)
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: cadira
** Occitan:
*** Auvergnat: chadeira, chadira, chiera
*** Gascon: cadièra, carièra, cadèira, cadira, carièira
*** Languedocien: cadièra, cadièira
*** Limousin: chadiera, chaira, chiera, chadeira, chadira
*** Provençal: cadièra
*** Vivaro-Alpine: chiera, cheiera, cheira
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: cadera
** Mirandese: cadeira
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cadeira
*** Galician: cadeira
*** Portuguese: cadeira (see there for further descendants)
** Spanish: cadera (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings
* Ancient:
** → Proto-Celtic:
*** Old Irish: cathaír
**** Middle Irish: cathaír
***** Irish: cathaoir
***** Manx: caair
***** Scottish Gaelic: cathair
*** Proto-Brythonic:
**** Cornish: kador
**** Middle Breton: cadoer
***** Breton: kador
**** Welsh: cadair
* Modern:
** → Basque: katedra
** → Catalan: càtedra
** → Czech: katedra
** → Dalmatian: catraida
** → Dutch: katheder
** → English: cathedra
** → French: cathèdre
** → Friulian: càtidre
** → Galician: cátedra
** → Macedonian: катедра (katedra)
** → Occitan: catedra
** → Piedmontese: càtedra
** → Polish: katedra
** → Portuguese: cátedra
** → Romanian: catedră
** → Serbo-Croatian: катедра, katedra
** → Spanish: cátedra
** → Swedish: kateder
** → Translingual: Cathedra
** → Ukrainian: ка́тедра (kátedra)
** → Venetan: càtedra

### References

* “căthē̆dra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cathedra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* cathedra in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* căthedra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 275/2.
* “cathedra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “cathedra”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* “cathedra” on page 285/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “cathedra”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 158/1