# rau
## Translingual
### Symbol

rau
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Raute.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Raute terms

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈraw]

### Verb

rau
* inflection of raure:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Dalmatian
### Alternative forms

* ri

### Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

### Adjective

rau (feminine raja)
* bad

## Fijian
### Pronoun

rau
* they two, those two

### See also
## German
### Alternative forms

* rauh (superseded)

### Etymology

From Middle High German rūch, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silent h was abolished in 1996 because rauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong -au-. Cognate with Dutch ruig and ruw, English rough (which see).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁaʊ̯/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rau (strong nominative masculine singular rauer, comparative rauer, superlative am rauesten or am rausten)
* rough
** 2010, Der Spiegel‎, number 26/2010, page 125:Tiere, die in rauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.Several studies suggest that animals which live in rough climates are often smarter than members of the same species from moderate latitudes.

#### Usage notes

* The spelling rau has been the prescribed spelling since the German spelling reform of 1996 (the Rechtschreibreform). In the affected areas, the previous spelling (rauh) is now less common, and may be regarded as a misspelling.

#### Derived terms

* anrauen
* aufrauen
* Raubein
* Rauheit

### Further reading

* “rau” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “rau” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “rau” in Duden online

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raʊ̯/

### Adjective

rau
* rough

#### Derived terms

* Rauheet, Rauheit

### Further reading

* Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “rau”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 130

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German rūhe, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with German rau, Dutch ruig, English rough, West Frisian rûch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ræu̯/, [ʀæˑʊ̯]

### Adjective

rau (masculine rauen, neuter raut, comparative méi rau, superlative am rausten)
* rough
    D'Schuel vun dësem Bam ass ganz rau. ― The bark of this tree is very rough.
* raw, harsh
    D'Antarktis huet e raue Klima. ― Antarctica has a harsh climate.
* hoarse, husky
    Si huet eng rau Stëmm. ― She has a husky voice.
* boorish, uncouth, rough
    Wat e raue Mann! ― What a boorish man!

#### Declension
### References

* rau in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire

## Maori
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf”) (compare Malay daun).

#### Noun

rau
* leaf

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus (“hundred”) (compare Malay ratus).

#### Numeral

rau
* hundred

### References

* “rau” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
* Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 401

## Middle English
### Adjective

rau
* Alternative form of raw

## Mo
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

### Noun

rau
* leaf

### References

* George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

## Mori Bawah
### Verb

rau
* (stative) to be over there, somewhere remote but at the same elevation as the speaker and hearer

### References

* The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar (2013, →ISBN, page 695-6

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

#### Noun

rau
* leaf

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus. (compare Malay ratus, Maori rau)

#### Numeral

rau
* hundred

##### Synonyms

* ho'e hanere
* e-tahi te rau

## Sobei
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

### Noun

rau
* leaf

### References

* George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

## Ternate
### Etymology

Likely from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun; compare Malay daun, Sobei rau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstruct Proto-North Halmahera *soka (“leaf”), which this does not continue.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾa.u]

### Noun

rau (Jawi راوو)
* leaf

#### Alternative forms

* rawu

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *-raw.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaw˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐaw˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹa(ː)w˧˧]

### Noun

rau • (蔞, 婁)
* leafy greens, leaf vegetable

#### See also

* chăn rau
* rau cải
* rau càng cua
* rau củ
* rau củ quả
* rau diếp
* rau giá
* rau giấp cá
* rau lang
* rau má
* rau mùi
* rau muối
* rau muống
* rau ngót
* rau nhút
* rau răm
* rau thơm

## White Hmong
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʈau̯˧/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *kruk (“six”), of Sino-Tibetan origin. Cognate with Iu Mien juqv.

#### Numeral

rau
* six

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Hmong *tru̯eiᶜ (“hoof, claw, nail”), probably borrowed from Middle Chinese 蹢 (MC drjek|tek, “hoof”).

#### Noun

rau (classifier: tus)
* nail, hoof, claw

##### Derived terms

* rau taw (“toenail”)
* rau tes (“fingernail”)

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Hmong *trɔᶜ (“to put on, wear (shoes)”), probably borrowed from Old Chinese 著 (OC *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ, “to put on, wear, place, apply”).

#### Verb

rau
* to place, to put
    Rau qhov no. ― Put it here.
    Yuav muab rau qhov twg? ― Where shall I put it?
    Muab rau rau hauv. ― Put it inside.
* to put on or wear (shoes, etc.), to put in place
    Kuv rau khau. ― I put on shoes.
    Nws rau tshuaj. ― He applies medicine.
* to season, to add ingredients
    Nws rau txuj lom rau cov nqaij. ― She adds ingredients to the meat.

##### Derived terms

* rau siab (“to apply oneself, persevere”)

### Etymology 4

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Likely a semantic extension of Etymology 3, from "to put on, apply" > "do action towards" > "towards, in".”

#### Preposition

rau
* toward, to, in, on, at
    Pub rau kuv. ― Give it to me.
    Kuv hais rau koj. ― I speak to you.
    Muab cov nqaij tso rau hauv tub yees. ― Put the meat in the freezer.
    Muab phau ntawv cia rau saum rooj. ― Put the book on the table.
    Nws taw rau daim paib. ― He points at the sign.

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 275.
* 1 2 3 Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 282.
* 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25