# versus
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English versus, borrowed from Latin versus (“facing”), past participle of vertere (“to turn, change, overthrow, destroy”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈvɜːsəs/, /ˈvɜːsɪz/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈvɝsəs/, /ˈvɝsəz/, /ˈvɝs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)səs
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Homophone: verses

#### Preposition

versus
* Against; in opposition to.
    Synonyms: vs, vs., (abbreviations) v
    It is the Packers versus the Steelers in the Super Bowl.
* Compared with, as opposed to.
** 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times‎:In polling by the Pew Research Center in November 2008, fully half the respondents thought the two parties would cooperate more in the coming year, versus only 36 percent who thought the climate would grow more adversarial.
** 2005, Robert E. Weiss, Modeling Longitudinal Data, Springer, →ISBN, page 104:If, for example, we select random people entering a workout gym, versus if we pick random people entering a hospital, we will get very different samples.
* (law) Bringing a legal action against, as used in the title of a court case in which the first party indicates the plaintiff (or appellant or the like), and the second indicates the defendant (or respondent or the like).
    Synonyms: v, (abbreviation) v.
    Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.
* Interacting with, especially to record reactions
* (music) Mashed up with.
    Kiss Me Thru The Phone vs. Last Friday Night

##### Derived terms

* graft-versus-host disease
* man versus time
* nature versus nurture
* offer versus serve
* player versus environment
* player versus player
* punctus versus
* save versus
* us versus them

##### Related terms

* convert
* evert
* invert
* subvert
* verse
* vertex

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English versus, borrowed from Latin versus (“facing”), past participle of vertere (“to turn, change, overthrow, destroy”).

#### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈvɝs/
* Homophone: verse

#### Verb

versus (third-person singular simple present versuses, present participle versusing, simple past and past participle versused)
(colloquial)
* To face in competition
* To fight

### Further reading

* versus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Finnish
### Etymology

Latin versus

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋersus/, [ˈʋe̞rs̠us̠]
* Rhymes: -ersus
* Hyphenation: ver‧sus

### Preposition

versus [with nominative]
* versus
    Synonym: vastaan

### Further reading

* “versus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

## French
### Etymology

From Latin versus. Doublet of vers.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛʁ.sys/
* Rhymes: -ys

### Preposition

versus
* versus, full form of vs

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin versus. Doublet of verso, which is inherited.

### Preposition

versus
* versus

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯er.sus/, [ˈu̯ɛrs̠ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈver.sus/, [ˈvɛrsus]

### Etymology 1

From earlier vorsus, from Proto-Italic *worssos, perfect passive participle of vertō (“to turn”).

#### Alternative forms

* vorsus

#### Participle

versus (feminine versa, neuter versum); first/second-declension participle
* turned, changed, having been turned

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Derived terms

* anniversārius
* contrōversus
* prōrsus/ prōsus/ prōsa
* ūniversus

### Etymology 2

Adverbial use of versus (“turned”).

#### Alternative forms

* versum
* vorsum
* vorsus

#### Adverb

versus (not comparable)
* towards, turned to or in the direction of, facing

##### Derived terms

* aliorsus, aliorsum
* deorsus, deorsum
* extrorsus
* intrōversus, introrsus
* prorsus, prorsum
* quōquōversus
* quorsus, quorsum
* retrōversus, retrorsus
* rursus, rursum
* sursus, sursum

##### Descendants

* Catalan: bes, ves, vers
* Corsican: versu
* French: vers
* Italian: verso
* Occitan: ves
* Old Galician-Portuguese: vesso
* Old Spanish: vieso
* Sicilian: versu
* → English: versus, verso
* → French: versus
* → Italian: versus
* → Portuguese: versus
* → Sicilian: versus

### Etymology 3

Action noun from vertō + -tus.

#### Alternative forms

* vorsus

#### Noun

versus m (genitive versūs); fourth declension
* a furrow (turned earth)
* (transf.) a line, row
** (partic.) a line of writing, a verse
*** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.14:Magnum ibi numerum versuum ediscere dicuntur.They are said to learn by heart a great number of verses there.
* a land measure (= πλέθρον (pléthron))
** 1st century BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III (Agricultural Topics in Three Books). Liber I, X:Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint.Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day; the versus is an area 100 feet square; 2 the iugerum an area containing two square actus.
* (dance) a turn, step

##### Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* versiculus
* versificō

##### Descendants

* Catalan: vers
* Corsican: versu
* French: vers
* Friulian: viers
* Italian: verso
* Occitan: vers
* Old Galician-Portuguese: vesso
* Old Spanish: viesso
* Piedmontese: vers
* Romanian: viers
* Sardinian: bessu
* → Albanian: vjershë
* → English: verse
* → Polish: wiersz
** → Belarusian: верш (vjerš)
** → Ukrainian: вірш (virš)
* → Portuguese: verso
* → Serbo-Croatian: vȅrs/ве̏рс
* → Spanish: verso
* → Swedish: vers
* → Welsh: gwers

### Etymology 4

Perfect passive participle of verrō (“to sweep”).

#### Participle

versus (feminine versa, neuter versum); first/second-declension participle
* swept

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### References

* “versus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “versus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* versus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* versus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to sing the praises of some one (not canere aliquem: alicuius laudes versibus persequi to celebrate some one's exploits in song: alicuius res gestas versibus ornare, celebrare (ambiguous) in all directions: quoquo versus; in omnes partes (ambiguous) to advance in the direction of Rome: Romam versus proficisci (ambiguous) to write poetry: versus facere, scribere (ambiguous) to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50) (ambiguous) to recite a poem, line with appropriate action: carmen, versum agere
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “vĕrsus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 705

### Anagrams

* servus

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin versus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛr.sus/
* Rhymes: -ɛrsus
* Syllabification: ver‧sus

### Preposition

versus
* versus (in opposition to)
    Synonym: kontra

### Further reading

* versus in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.sus/ [ˈvɛh.sus]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.sus/ [ˈvɛh.sus]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.sus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.suʃ/ [ˈvɛχ.suʃ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛɻ.sus/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.suʃ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.suʃ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɛɾ.suʃ/
* Hyphenation: ver‧sus

### Preposition

versus
* Alternative spelling of vérsus

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English versus, from Latin versus. Doublet of verso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeɾsus/ [ˈbeɾ.sus]
* Rhymes: -eɾsus
* Syllabification: ver‧sus

### Preposition

versus
* versus
    Esta noche transmitiremos a Alberto del Río versus John Cena en vivo.Tonight, we'll be broadcasting Alberto del Rio versus John Cena live.

#### Usage notes

* This word is sometimes frowned upon as an anglicism, with the suggestion that contra or the conjunction y should be used instead.

### References

* ↑ “versus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Further reading

* “versus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10