OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ncãlduredz
## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* ncãlduredzu, ncãluredz

### Etymology

From n- +‎ cãldurã +‎ -edz, or a variant of ncãluredz, influenced by cãldurã.

### Verb

ncãlduredz first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative ncãldureadzã, past participle ncãlduratã)
* to heat up
    Synonyms: ncãluredz, ncãldzãscu

#### Related terms

* caldu
* cãldurã
* cãloari
* ncãldurari, ncãldurare
* ncãldurat
* ncãldzãscu
# הונגריה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From Latin Hungaria.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

הוּנְגַּרְיָה • (hungárya) f
* Hungary (a country in Central Europe)

### See also

* אִיטַלְיָה (itálya)
* אִיסלַנד (ísland)
* אִירְלַנְד (írland)
* אֶסְטוֹנְיָה (estónya)
* אַלְבַּנְיָה (albánya)
* אַנְדּוֹרָה (andóra)
* אַרְמֶנְיָה (arménya)
* אָזֶרְבַּיְיגָ׳ן (azerbayján)
* אוֹסְטְרִיָה (óstria)
* אוּקְרָאִינָה (ukraína)
* בֵּלָארוּס (belarús)
* בֶּלְגְּיָה (bélgya)
* בּוֹסְנִיָּה וְהֶרְצֶגוֹבִינָה (bosniya v'hertsegovina)
* בּוּלְגַּרְיָה (bulgárya)
* גֵּאוֹרְגִיָה (geórgya), גְּרוּזְיָה (grúzya)
* גֶּרְמַנְיָה (germánya)
* דֶּנְמַרְק (dénmark)
* הַמַמְלָכָה הַמְאֻחֶדֶת (hamamlakhá hameukhédet)
* הוֹלַנְד (hóland)
* הוּנְגַּרְיָה (hungárya)
* הוותיקן / הָוָתִיקָן (havatikán)
* טוּרְקְיָה (túrkya)
* יוון / יָוָן (yaván)
* לִיטָא (líta)
* לַטְבִיָה (látviya)
* לֻוקְסֶמְבּוּרְג (lúksemburg)
* ליכטנשטיין / לִיכְטֶנְשְׁטַיְן (líkhtenshtayn)
* מַלְטָה (málta)
* מָקֶדוֹנְיָה הַצְּפוֹנִית (makedónya hats'fonít)
* מוֹלְדוֹבָה (moldóva)
* מוֹנְטֶנֶגְרוֹ (montenégro)
* מוֹנָקוֹ (monáko)
* נורווגיה / נוֹרְבֶגְיָה (norvégya)
* סְלוֹבֶנְיָה (slovénya)
* סְלוֹבַקְיָה (slovákya)
* סְפָרַד (s'farád)
* סֶרְבְּיָה (sérbiya)
* סַן מָרִינוֹ (san marino)
* פִינְלַנְד (fínland)
* פּוֹלִין (polín)
* פּוֹרְטוּגָל (portugál)
* צֶ׳כְיָה (chékhya)
* צָרְפַת (tsarfát)
* קְרוֹאַטְיָה (kro'átya)
* קַפְרִיסִין (kafrisín)
* קָזַחְסְטָן (kazakhstán)
* קוֹסוֹבוֹ (kosovo)
* רוֹמַנְיָה (románya)
* רוּסְיָה (rúsya)
* שוודיה / שְׁוֶדְיָה (shvédya)
* שווייץ / שְׁוַיְץ (shváyts)
# муноцьʼ
## Tundra Nenets
### Etymology

From Proto-Samoyedic *muntəjtsɜn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [munot͡sʲˀ]
* Hyphenation: му‧ноцьʼ

### Noun

муноцьʼ • (munocʹ)
* beard (including a mustache)

### References

* Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 24
* N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “муноцьʼ”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
* Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 37
# mountainheaths
## English
### Noun

mountainheaths
* plural of mountainheath
# krēslainākos
## Latvian
### Adjective

krēslainākos
* locative plural masculine of krēslaināks

### Adjective

krēslainākos
* accusative plural masculine of krēslainākais
# Ամատ
## Middle Armenian
### Alternative forms

* Ամատայ (Amatay)

### Etymology

Probably borrowed from an Arabic name derived from the root ع م د (ʕ m d).

### Proper noun

Ամատ • (Amat)
* a male given name

### Further reading

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942) “Ամադին”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 21) (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 114, lemmatizing as Ամադին (Amadin), but this form is without evidence
* Barxudaryan, S. G. (1967) K. G. Ġafadaryan, editor, Divan hay vimagrutʻyan. Prak III, Vayocʻ Jor, Eġegnajori ew Azizbekovi šrǰanner [Corpus Inscriptionum Armenicarum. Volume III, Vayots Dzor: Districts of Yeghegnadzor and Azizbekov] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 407b
* Stone, Michael E. (2019) “The Orbelian family cemetery in Ełegis, Vayoc‘ Jor, Armenia”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), with notes by Aram Topchyan, printed also in REArm 33 (2011), Leuven: Peeters, page 350, comparing to Ամաթուն (Amatʻun)
* Xačʻikyan, L. S. (1950) ŽD dari hayeren jeṙagreri hišatakaranner [Colophons of 14th Century Armenian Manuscripts] (Nyutʻer hay žoġovrdi patmutʻyan; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 675a
# forsar
## Ido
### Verb

forsar (present tense forsas, past tense forsis, future tense forsos, imperative forsez, conditional forsus)
* to force

#### Conjugation
## Old Norse
### Noun

forsar
* nominative plural of fors

## Swedish
### Noun

forsar
* indefinite plural of fors

### Verb

forsar
* present indicative of forsa

### Anagrams

* farors, farsor

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, from Late Latin fortia, from Latin fortis.

### Pronunciation

* Standard: /foɾˈsaɾ/
   * northern: /foɾˈt͡saɾ/

### Verb

forsar
* (transitive) to force, break through
    i ghea sforsà ła portathey forced open the door
* (transitive) to violate, rape, ravish
* (transitive) to take by storm
* (transitive) to compel, force

#### Derived terms

* desforsar
* sforsar
* sforsarse
* sforso

#### Related terms

* forsa
* forte
# avand
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Perhaps a doublet of abad, thus from Classical Persian آباد.

### Adjective

avand (comparative daha avand, superlative ən avand)
* successful, fruitful, accomplished (of plans, actions, activities)
    Synonym: uğurlu

#### Usage notes

* Mostly used in İşin avand olsun! ― May your work result in success! - said as a wish.

### Further reading

* “avand” in Obastan.com.

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* aband
* aƀand

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ.
Cognate with Old Frisian ēvend, Old English ǣfen (English even), Old Dutch avont (Dutch avond), Old High German āband (German Abend), Old Norse aptann (Danish aften, Swedish afton).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːfɑnd/, [ˈɑːβɑnd]

### Noun

āvand m
* evening

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: âvent
** German Low German: Avend
    Paderbornisch: Owend

#### References

Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)
# ਸਫ਼ੈਦ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سفید (safēd). First attested as Old Punjabi ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu).

### Adjective

ਸਫ਼ੈਦ • (safaid) (Shahmukhi spelling سَفَید)
* white
    Synonym: ਚਿੱਟਾ (ciṭṭā)
* unbleached, undyed
* blank (of paper)

#### Derived terms

* ਸਫ਼ੈਦ ਝੂਠ m (safaid jhūṭh, “blatant lie”)
* ਸਫ਼ੈਦ ਪੋਸ਼ m (safaid poś, “gentleman”)
* ਸਫ਼ੈਦ ਹਾਥੀ m (safaid hāthī, “white elephant”)
* ਸਫ਼ੈਦਾ m (safaidā, “zinc oxide”)
* ਸਫ਼ੈਦੀ f (safaidī, “whiteness”)

### Further reading

* “ਸਫ਼ੈਦ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
* Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਸਫੈਦ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons, page 984.
# 印度洋
## Chinese

* 印度洋 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 印度洋 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

Calque of English Indian Ocean.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yìndùyáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄧㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^3$ dou$^6$ joeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ / Ìn-tō͘-iôⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yìndùyáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yìndùyáng
*** Wade–Giles: Yin$^4$-tu$^4$-yang$^2$
*** Yale: Yìn-dù-yáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yinnduhyang
*** Palladius: Иньдуян (Inʹdujan)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^3$ dou$^6$ joeng$^4$
*** Yale: yan douh yèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^3$ dou$^6$ joeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^3$ dou$^6$ yêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn³³ tou̯²² jœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Ìn-tōo-iûnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iendox'viuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² iũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ìn-tō͘-iôⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Ìn-tōo-iônn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iendox'viooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ iɔ̃¹³/

### Proper noun

印度洋
* the Indian Ocean

#### Derived terms

* 英屬印度洋領地 / 英属印度洋领地 (Yīngshǔ Yìndùyáng Lǐngdì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 印(イン)度(ド)洋(よう) (Indoyō)
* → Korean: 인도양(印度洋) (Indoyang)
* → Vietnamese: Ấn Độ Dương (印度洋)

#### See also

* oceans: 大洋 (dàyáng): 北冰洋 (Běibīngyáng)/北極海／北极海 (Běijíhǎi) · 南冰洋 (Nánbīngyáng) · 印度洋 (Yìndùyáng) · 大西洋 (Dàxīyáng) · 太平洋 (Tàipíngyáng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 印 | 度 | 洋 |
| いん Grade: 4 | ど Grade: 3 | よう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

From Chinese 印度洋 (Yìndùyáng). 印度 is ateji (当て字).

### Proper noun

印度洋(インドよう) • (Indoyō)
* Obsolete spelling of インド洋.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 印 | 度 | 洋 |

### Proper noun

印度洋 • (Indoyang or McCune-Reischauer: Indoyang or Yale: Intoyang) (hangeul 인도양)
* hanja form of 인도양 (“Indian Ocean”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 印 | 度 | 洋 |

### Proper noun

印度洋
* chữ Hán form of Ấn Độ Dương (“Indian Ocean”).
# مترجم
## Arabic

* Root
* ت ر ج م (t r j m)
* 2 terms

### Etymology 1

Derived from the active participle of the verb تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate”), from the root ت ر ج م (t r j m).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.tar.d͡ʒim/

#### Noun

مُتَرْجِم • (mutarjim) m (plural مُتَرْجِمُونَ (mutarjimūna), feminine مُتَرْجِمَة (mutarjima))
* translator; interpreter
    Synonym: تُرْجُمَان (turjumān)
* biographer

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: mütərcim
* → Persian: مترجم
** → Hindi: मुतर्जिम (mutarjim)
** → Urdu: مترجم
* → Ottoman Turkish: مترجم
** → Turkish: mütercim

### Etymology 2

Derived from the passive participle of the verb تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate”), from the root ت ر ج م (t r j m).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.tar.d͡ʒam/

#### Adjective

مُتَرْجَم • (mutarjam) (feminine مُتَرْجَمَة (mutarjama), masculine plural مُتَرْجَمُونَ (mutarjamūna), feminine plural مُتَرْجَمَات (mutarjamāt))
* translated
* (film) synchronized

##### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.taɾ.ˈd͡ʒim]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒím]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.t̪ʰæɹ.d͡ʒém]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒím]

### Noun

| Dari | مترجم |
| Iranian Persian | مترجم |
| Tajik | мутарҷим |
مُتَرجِم • (motarjem) (plural مُتَرجِمان (motarjemân) or مُتَرجِمین (motarjemin) or مُتَرجِم‌ها (motarjem-hâ))
* translator, interpreter
    Synonyms: ترجمه‌گر (tarjome-gar), برگرداننده (bar-gardânande), ترجمان (tarjomân), ترگمان (targomân)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim), from Arabic مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mʊ.t̪əɾ.d͡ʒɪm/
* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Noun

مُتَرْجِم • (mutarjim) m (Hindi spelling मुतर्जिम)
* translator; interpreter
    Synonyms: تَرْجُمَان (tarjumān), اَنُوَادَک (anūādak)

#### Related terms

* تَرْجُمَان (tarjumān)
# trias politica
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin trias polītica (“political triad”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

trias politica f (uncountable)
* the triad of organs of state between which sovereign power is divided according to the principle of separation of powers

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: trias politika
# krēslainākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

krēslainākā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of krēslaināks

### Adjective

krēslainākā
* inflection of krēslainākais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# miniszter
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Latin minister (“attendant, servant, assistant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈministɛr]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mi‧nisz‧ter
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Noun

miniszter (plural miniszterek)
* minister, secretary (politician who heads a ministry)
    Synonym: (archaic or journalese; mostly in compounds: külügyér, belügyér, pénzügyér, hadügyér) ügyér

#### Derived terms

* miniszteri
* államminiszter
* belügyminiszter
* igazságügy-miniszter
* külügyminiszter
* miniszterelnök
* miniszterhelyettes
* miniszterpapír
* minisztertanács
* pénzügyminiszter

#### Related terms

* minisztérium

### References

* ↑ miniszter in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* miniszter in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# लहान
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi लहाणा (lahāṇā), लहाना (lahānā) , लहानाल (lahānāla), लान (lāna), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀮𑀡𑁆𑀳 (laṇha), from Sanskrit श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa), from Proto-Indo-European *slǵ-s-nós. Cognate with Konkani लान (lān), Hindi नन्हा (nanhā), Gujarati નાનું (nānũ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lə.ɦan/, [lʱan]

### Adjective

लहान • (lahān)
* small
    Synonyms: छोटा (choṭā), छोटी (choṭī), छोटे (choṭe)
* short
    Synonyms: बुटके (buṭke), ठेंगणे (ṭheṅgṇe)

#### Derived terms

* लहान भाऊ (lahān bhāū, “younger brother”)
* लहानपण (lahānpaṇ, “childhood”)

### References

* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “लहान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “लहान”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ślakṣṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# eszméletlen
## Hungarian
### Etymology

eszmél (“to come to one's senses”) +‎ -etlen (“without”, adjective-forming suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛsmeːlɛtlɛn]
* Hyphenation: esz‧mé‧let‧len

### Adjective

eszméletlen (comparative eszméletlenebb, superlative legeszméletlenebb)
* unconscious
    Synonym: nincs magánál

#### Derived terms

* eszméletlenség
* eszméletlenül

### Adverb

eszméletlen (not comparable)
* Synonym of eszméletlenül (“extremely, frightfully”)

#### Synonyms

* (negative intensifier adjectives also used as adverbs) átkozott(ul), borzalmas(an), borzasztó(an), eszméletlen(ül), irgalmatlan(ul), irtózatos(an), iszonyatos(an), iszonyú(an), kegyetlen(ül), őrült(en), pokoli(an), rettenetes(en), rettentő(en), szörnyű(en)

### Further reading

* eszméletlen in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* eszméletlen in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# արդեն
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian արդէն (ardēn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾˈtʰen/, [ɑɾtʰén]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾˈten/, [ɑɾtʰén]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Adverb

արդեն • (arden) (traditional orthography spelling արդէն)
* already
    խաղն արդեն ավարտվել էր ― xaġn arden avartvel ēr ― the game was already over
# Paraná Pitinga
## Nheengatu
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi Paranapitinga, from paraná + piting + -a.

### Proper noun

Paraná Pitinga (Lower Amazon, archaic, hapax)
* Amazon (a river in northern South America)

### References

* Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “pitinga”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 621
# krēslojušos
## Latvian
### Participle

krēslojušos
* locative plural masculine of krēslojis

### Participle

krēslojušos
* accusative plural masculine of krēslojušais
# járvány
## Hungarian
### Etymology

jár +‎ -vány

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjaːrvaːɲ]
* Hyphenation: jár‧vány
* Rhymes: -aːɲ

### Noun

járvány (plural járványok)
* epidemic

#### Derived terms

* járványos
* influenzajárvány
* járványgörbe
* járványkórház
* járványorvos
* járványosztály
* járványtan
* kanyarójárvány
* pestisjárvány
* világjárvány

### Further reading

* járvány in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# aspartame
## English
### Etymology

Commercial name, from aspartic. The -ame is perhaps because aspartame is an amide. Compare aspartamine.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈspɑːteɪm/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈæspɚˌteɪm/
** Audio (General American):(file)
* GB: aspar‧tame; US: as‧par‧tame

### Noun

aspartame (usually uncountable, plural aspartames)
* (organic chemistry) An artificial sweetener, the methyl ester of a dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine, used in many processed foods and beverages.
** 2001, C. Keith Conners, Feeding the Brain: How Foods Affect Children, page 38:Though reluctant to further expose him to aspartame, I had little trouble persuading Jamie's mother to carry out a double-blind trial in order to more rigorously document her son's aberrant response to aspartame.
** 2006, J. G. Thirlwell (lyrics and music), “Sieve”, in Damp, performed by Foetus:Caramel colors and aspartame Phosphoric acid, potassium Natural flavors, of course caffeine And now I'm jonesin' for MSG
** 2007, Nina Redman, Food Safety: A Reference Handbook, page 37:Aspartame, sold under the brand NutraSweet, was discovered accidentally by a scientist at Searle in 1965 who was testing new drugs for gastric ulcers and licked his fingers before picking up a piece of paper.
** 2008, Frances Sienkiewicz Sizer, Eleanor Noss Whitney, Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, volume 10, page 143:In powdered form, aspartame is mixed with lactose, so a 1-gram packet contains 4 calories.
** 2023 May 15, April Rubin, “World Health Organization Warns Against Using Artificial Sweeteners”, in The New York Times‎:Some examples of the sweeteners include aspartame, saccharin, sucralose and stevia. The W.H.O.’s announcement contradicts previous studies that have said these sweeteners don’t offer any health benefits but also do not cause harm.

#### Synonyms

* E951 when used as a sweetener

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “aspartame (n.)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* aspartame on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Italian
### Noun

aspartame
* aspartame

## Portuguese
### Noun

aspartame m (usually uncountable, plural aspartames)
* (organic chemistry) aspartame (an artificial sweetener)

## Spanish
### Noun

aspartame m (uncountable)
* aspartame
# निवडणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi निवडणे (nivaḍaṇe).

### Verb

निवडणे • (nivaḍṇe) (transitive)
* to select, choose, pick

#### Derived terms

* निवड (nivaḍ, “choice, selection”)
* निवडणूक (nivaḍṇūk, “election”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “निवडणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निवडणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “निवडणे”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*nirvarati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# Özbekistan
## Crimean Tatar
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Öz‧be‧kis‧tan

### Proper noun

Özbekistan
* Uzbekistan (a country in Central Asia)

#### Related terms

* özbek (“Uzbek”)

### References

* “Özbekistan”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Gagauz
### Proper noun

Özbekistan
* Uzbekistan (a country in Central Asia)

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Özbekistan
* Uzbekistan (a country in Central Asia)

#### Declension
### See also

* Afganistan
* Azerbaycan
* Bahreyn
* Bangladeş
* Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri
* Bruney
* Butan
* Çin
* Doğu Timor
* Endonezya
* Ermenistan
* Filipinler
* Filistin
* Güney Kore
* Gürcistan
* Hindistan
* Irak
* İran
* İsrail
* Japonya
* Kamboçya
* Katar
* Kazakistan
* Kıbrıs
* Kırgızistan
* Kuveyt
* Kuzey Kore
* Laos
* Lübnan
* Maldivler
* Malezya
* Mısır
* Moğolistan
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Özbekistan
* Pakistan
* Rusya
* Singapur
* Sri Lanka
* Suriye
* Suudi Arabistan
* Tacikistan
* Tayland
* Tayvan
* Türkiye
* Türkmenistan
* Umman
* Ürdün
* Vietnam
* Yemen
# Betaproteobacteria
## Translingual
### Etymology

beta- +‎ Proteobacteria (“syn. of Pseudomonadota”)

### Proper noun

Betaproteobacteria
* A taxonomic class within the phylum Pseudomonadota – many aerobic proteobacteria.

#### Hypernyms

* (class): Prokaryota – superkingdom; Bacteria – kingdom; Negibacteria – subkingdom; Pseudomonadota – phylum

#### Hyponyms

* (class): Burkholderiales, Hydrogenophilales, Methylophilales, Neisseriales, Nitrosomonadales, Procabacteriales, Rhodocyclales - orders

### References

* Betaproteobacteria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Betaproteobacteria on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Betaproteobacteria on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Betaproteobacteria at the Tree of Life Web Project
* Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# Pimpla
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Pimpla
* A taxonomic genus within the family Ichneumonidae – certain parasitic wasps.
# krēslojušā
## Latvian
### Participle

krēslojušā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of krēslojis

### Participle

krēslojušā
* genitive singular masculine of krēslojušais
# 노동
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 勞動 (“labor”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 労働(ろうどう) (rōdō).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [no̞do̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [노동]
| South Korean Standard Language | 노동(勞動) (nodong) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 로동(勞動) (rodong) |

### Noun

노동 • (nodong) (hanja 勞動)
* labor, especially industrial

#### Derived terms

* 노동(勞動)하다 (nodonghada)
* 경노동(輕勞動) (gyeongnodong)
* 노동가(勞動歌) (nodongga)
* 노동권(勞動權) (nodonggwon)
* 노동당(勞動黨) (nodongdang)
* 노동량(勞動量) (nodongnyang)
* 노동력(勞動力) (nodongnyeok)
* 노동법(勞動法) (nodongbeop)
* 노동복(勞動服) (nodongbok)
* 노동부(勞動部) (nodongbu)
* 노동요(勞動謠) (nodong'yo)
* 노동일(勞動日) (nodong'il)
* 노동자(勞動者) (nodongja)
* 노동절(勞動節) (nodongjeol)
* 노동조합(勞動組合) (nodongjohap)
* 막노동 (mangnodong)
* 중노동(重勞動) (jungnodong)

### References

* ↑ Shū Zhìtián (2004), 近代漢語の日中貸借対照研究, Kanji Bunkaken Kindaigo Kenkyukai 4, Kansai University.
# 宗主權
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōngzhǔquán
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ zyu$^2$ kyun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōngzhǔquán
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zongjhǔcyuán
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$-chu$^3$-chʻüan$^2$
*** Yale: dzūng-jǔ-chywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzongjuuchyuan
*** Palladius: цзунчжуцюань (czunčžucjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ zyu$^2$ kyun$^4$
*** Yale: jūng jyú kyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ dzy$^2$ kyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ ju$^2$ kün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

### Noun

宗主權
* suzerainty

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 宗 | 主 | 權 |
| そう Grade: 6 | しゅ Grade: 3 | けん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |||

### Noun

宗(そう)主(しゅ)權(けん) • (sōshuken)
* Kyūjitai form of 宗主権

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 宗 | 主 | 權 |

### Noun

宗主權 • (jongjugwon) (hangeul 종주권)
* hanja form of 종주권 (“suzerainty”)