# familiar
## English
### Etymology

From Latin familiāris (“pertaining to servants; pertaining to the household”). Doublet of familial. Displaced native Old English hīwcūþ.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/
* (General American) IPA: /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/, /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/, /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

familiar (comparative more familiar, superlative most familiar)
* Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
** 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.
    There’s a familiar face; that tune sounds familiar.
* Acquainted.
    I'm quite familiar with this system; she's not familiar with manual gears.
* Intimate or friendly.
    We are on familiar terms now; our neighbour is not familiar
    Don’t be familiar with me, boy!
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 156, column 1:Be thou familiar; but by no meanes vulgar: […]
* Of or pertaining to a family; familial.
** 1822, Lord Byron, Werner
    familiar feuds

#### Synonyms

* (acquainted): acquainted
* (intimate, friendly): close, friendly, intimate, personal
* (inappropriately intimate or friendly): cheeky, fresh, impudent

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “known to one”): unfamiliar, unknown
* (antonym(s) of “acquainted”): unacquainted
* (antonym(s) of “intimate”): cold, cool, distant, impersonal, standoffish, unfriendly

#### Derived terms

* confamiliar
* familiar fraud
* familiarisation
* familiarise
* familiarism
* familiarity
* familiarization
* familiarize
* familiarly
* familiarness
* familiar stranger
* hyperfamiliar
* nonfamiliar
* on familiar ground
* overfamiliar
* semifamiliar
* ultrafamiliar

#### Related terms

* familial

#### Translations
### Noun

familiar (plural familiars)
* (witchcraft) An attendant spirit, often in animal or demon form.
    The witch’s familiar was a black cat.
** 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 75:The familiars of the magicians, on the other hand, were not in all cases evil, and often may have approximated the "guides" with whom present-day spiritualists are well acquainted.
** 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 8:"What power hath gold?" Catweazle wondered as he picked up his familiar and put him in his special pocket.
* (obsolete) A member of one's family or household.
* A member of a pope's or bishop's household.
* (obsolete) A close friend.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Concerning the Patient”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 1, member 4, subsection 3, page 199:[A] friend of mine, that finding a Receipt in Braſsivola, would needs take Hellebor in ſubſtance, & try it on his own perſon; but had not ſome of his familiars come to viſite him by chance, he had by his indiſcretion hazarded himſelfe; many ſuch I have obſerued.
* (historical) The officer of the Inquisition who arrested suspected people.

#### Synonyms

* nigget

#### See also

* daimon (a tutelary spirit that guides a person)

### Further reading

* Familiar in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familiāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [fə.mi.liˈar]
* IPA: (Balearic) [fə.mi.liˈa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fa.mi.liˈaɾ]

### Adjective

familiar m or f (masculine and feminine plural familiars)
* familiar
* familial
* family-friendly
    pel·lícules familiarsfamily movies

#### Derived terms

* familiaritzar
* familiarment
* unifamiliar

#### Related terms

* familiaritat

### Noun

familiar m or f by sense (plural familiars)
* relative

#### Related terms

* família

### Further reading

* “familiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “familiar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “familiar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “familiar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin familiāris.

### Adjective

familiar m or f (plural familiares)
* of family
* close, familiar
* daily, plain

### Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)
* relative

#### Synonyms

* parente
* achegado

#### Related terms

* familia
* familiaridade
* familiarizar

### Further reading

* “familiar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

familiar m
* indefinite plural of familie

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familiāris.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fa.mi.liˈaʁ/ [fa.mi.lɪˈah], (faster pronunciation) /fa.miˈljaʁ/ [fa.miˈljah]
* (Brazil) IPA: /fa.mi.liˈaʁ/ [fa.mi.lɪˈah], (faster pronunciation) /fa.miˈljaʁ/ [fa.miˈljah]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /fa.mi.liˈaɾ/ [fa.mi.lɪˈaɾ], (faster pronunciation) /fa.miˈljaɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /fa.mi.liˈaʁ/ [fa.mi.lɪˈaχ], (faster pronunciation) /fa.miˈljaʁ/ [fa.miˈljaχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fa.mi.liˈaɻ/ [fa.mi.lɪˈaɻ], (faster pronunciation) /fa.miˈljaɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɐ.miˈljaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɐ.miˈljaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fɐ.miˈlja.ɾi/

### Adjective

familiar m or f (plural familiares)
* familiar (known to one)
* (relational) family

#### Derived terms

* familiarmente

#### Related terms

* familiaridade
* familial

### Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)
* (usually in the plural) relative (person in the same family)
* familiar (attendant spirit)
    Synonym: espírito familiar

#### Related terms

* família

### Further reading

* “familiar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French familier, from Latin familiaris. By surface analysis, familie +‎ -ar.

### Adjective

familiar m or n (feminine singular familiară, masculine plural familiari, feminine and neuter plural familiare)
* familiar

#### Related terms

* familiaritate

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin familiāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /famiˈljaɾ/ [fa.miˈljaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧liar

### Adjective

familiar m or f (masculine and feminine plural familiares)
* familial, family
* close, familiar
* daily, plain
* family-friendly

#### Derived terms

* agregado familiar
* derecho familiar
* familiarmente
* núcleo familiar
* orientación familiar
* planificación familiar
* reunión familiar

### Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)
* relative, family member
    Synonyms: miembro de la familia, pariente

#### Related terms

* familia
* familiaridad
* familiarizar

### Further reading

* “familiar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10