# सेना
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /seː.nɑː/, [seː.näː]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

#### Noun

सेना • (senā) f (Urdu spelling سینا)
* army, military, body of troops
    Synonym: फ़ौज (fauj)
    शत्रु ने दोनों सेनाओं को हरा दिया।śatru ne donõ senāõ ko harā diyā.The enemy defeated both the armies.

##### Synonyms

* फ़ौज (fauj)

##### Derived terms

* प्रधान सेनापति (pradhān senāpati)
* सेनाग्र (senāgra)
* सेनादार (senādār)
* सेनाधिपति (senādhipati)
* सेनापति (senāpati)
* सैनिक (sainik)
* सैन्य (sainya)
* सैन्य-दल (sainya-dal)
* सैन्यवाद (sainyavād)
* सैन्यीकरण (sainyīkaraṇ)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀡 (seṇṇa, “soldier, army”), from Sanskrit सैन्य (sainya, “soldier”), a vṛddhi derivative of सेना (senā, “army”), for which see the above entry.

#### Noun

सेना • (senā) m
* commander of a body of troops
* (historical) a village revenue-collector

##### Related terms

* सेनानी (senānī, “commander”)

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सेना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

### Noun

सेना • (senā) f
* army

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* senā (Latin script)
* 𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* সেনা (Bengali script)
* සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
* သေနာ or သေၼႃ (Burmese script)
* เสนา (Thai script)
* ᩈᩮᨶᩣ (Tai Tham script)
* ເສນາ (Lao script)
* សេនា (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄬𑄚𑄂 (Chakma script)

### Noun

सेना f
* Devanagari script form of senā (“army”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* सेन (sena) — at the end of a compound

### Alternative scripts

* সেনা (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬾᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
* সেনা (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰸𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* သေနာ (Burmese script)
* સેના (Gujarati script)
* ਸੇਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍇𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦺꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂵𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಸೇನಾ (Kannada script)
* សេនា (Khmer script)
* ເສນາ (Lao script)
* സേനാ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᡝᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠧᠨᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧚𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐾𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
* ସେନା (Odia script)
* ꢱꢾꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆼𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖸𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
* සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩔𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚲𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
* ஸேநா (Tamil script)
* సేనా (Telugu script)
* เสนา (Thai script)
* སེ་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒹𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨄𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /⁠hainā⁠/, “hostile army”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ́j.nɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪eː.n̪ɑː/

### Noun

सेना • (sénā) stem, f
* an army, armament, battle-array, armed force
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.11:मृळा जरित्रे रुद्र स्तवानोऽन्यं ते अस्मन्नि वपन्तु सेनाः ॥mṛḷā jaritre rudra stavānoʼnyaṃ te asmanni vapantu senāḥ.O exalted Rudra, be gracious to the singer of thy hymns; let thy armies spare us and smite down someone else.
* missile, dart, spear
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
* name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)
** c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
** c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
* any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)
* a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)
* name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)

#### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)
* Pali: senā
* → Hindi: सेना (senā)
* → Bengali: সেনা (śena)
* → Marathi: सेना (senā)
* → Kannada: ಸೇನೆ (sēne)
* → Malayalam: സേന (sēna)
* → Indonesian: sena
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੈਨਾ (sainā)
    Shahmukhi script: سينا (sainā)
* → Old Tamil: 𑀘𑁂𑀷𑁃 (cēṉai)
** Tamil: சேனை (cēṉai)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “सेना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1246.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sénā- sebhu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 746