# 穀

| 穀 | U+7A40, &#31296; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A40 |
| ← 稿 [U+7A3F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穁 → [U+7A41] |
| 穀 | U+FA54, &#64084; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA54 |
| ← 禎 [U+FA53] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 突 → [U+FA55] |
| 穀 | U+2F959, &#194905; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F959 |
| ← 䄯 [U+2F958] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 穊 → [U+2F95A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

穀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10 in Chinese, 禾+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 土木竹弓水 (GDHNE), four-corner 4794$_7$, composition ⿰⿱⿳士冖一禾殳 (GHTK) or ⿰⿳士冖禾殳 (J))

#### Derived characters

* 瀔, 𭬨, 𦾫/𧂣, 𥵠, 𣫉, 𩁡, 𪇗, 𣫪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25221
* Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2164, character 11
* Unihan data for U+7A40
* Unihan data for U+FA54
* Unihan data for U+2F959

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 彀 | *koːɡs |
| 鷇 | *kʰoːɡs |
| 瞉 | *kʰoːɡs |
| 豰 | *pɢroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 瑴 | *kroːɡ, *koːɡ |
| 愨 | *kʰroːɡ |
| 殼 | *kʰroːɡ |
| 觳 | *kʰroːɡ, *ɡoːɡ |
| 嗀 | *qʰroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 穀 | *kloːɡ |
| 糓 | *kloːɡ |
| 轂 | *kloːɡ |
| 榖 | *kloːɡ |
| 瀔 | *koːɡ |
| 縠 | *ɡloːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 𣪊.

### Etymology

From Austroasiatic or an area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:
* Proto-Vietic *r-koːʔ (“husked rice”), Khmu [script needed] (rŋkoʔ, “husked rice”)
* Jingpho n-gu (n³³ ku³³, “rice (uncooked)”) (from Austroasiatic)
* Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”) (borrowed from Austroasiatic, whence Thai ข้าว (kâao, “rice”))
* Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “rice; paddy”) (supported by Hill, 2019)
STEDT compares this to provisional Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuk (“rice, grain (crop)”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu$^2$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): gůq
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гў (gw, II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
* Northern Min (KCR): gŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): gók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kok / kak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gog$^4$ / gag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$koq
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu$^6$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): gu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: gůq
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): guq$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuʔ⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гў (gw, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$
*** Yale: gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuk̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
*** Sinological IPA : /kouʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
*** Tâi-lô: kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kog
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak
*** Tâi-lô: kak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kag
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kak̚⁵/
* kok - literary;
* kak - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kuwk
Rime :
| Character | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古禄切 |
| Baxter | kuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁok/ |
| English | grain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7423 |
| Phonetic component | 殻 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穀 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːɡ/ |

### Definitions

穀
* corn; grain; cereal
    五穀／五谷 ― wǔgǔ ― Five Grains
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Suì xiōng, nián gǔ bùdēng, jūn shàn bù jì fèi, mǎ bù shí gǔ. [Pinyin]
    In bad years, when the grain of the season is not coming to maturity, the ruler at his meals will not make the (usual) offering of the lungs, nor will his horses be fed on grain.
* foxtail millet (Setaria italica, the plant or the unhulled grain)
* (literary) salary of an official
* (literary) to rear; to bring up
* (literary) to live
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gǔ zé yì shì, sǐ zé tóng xué. [Pinyin]
    While living, we may have to occupy different apartments; But when dead, we shall share the same grave.
* (regional) paddy; unhulled rice
* (regional) rice plant
* (literary) good; fine
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gǔdàn yú chāi, nánfāng zhī yuán. [Pinyin]
    A good morning having been chosen, For the plain in the South.
* a surname

#### Usage notes

In 现代汉语词典 (7th edition), the simplified form of 穀 when used as "good; fine", "salary of an official" and a surname, and the simplified form of 穀梁 (Gǔliáng), are themselves.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稻穀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稻子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 稻子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 穀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 穀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稻子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稻粒兒, 稻粒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 穀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稻子, 稻穀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 稻子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 稻子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 穀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 穀 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 穀 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 穀 |
| Gan | Jianning | 穀 |
| Gan | Taining | 穀 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 穀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Changting | 穀 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 穀 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 穀 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 穀 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 穀 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 穀 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 穀 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 穀 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 穀 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 穀 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 穀 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 穀 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稻子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 稻子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 粟 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 穀 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 粟 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 粟 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 粟, 粟仔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 粟, 粟仔 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 粟, 粟仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 粟 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 粟 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 粟 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 粟 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 粟 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 粟 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 粟 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 粟 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 穀 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 粟 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 穀 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 粟 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 粟 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 穀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 穀, 稻穀 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 稻穀 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 穀 |
| Wu | Danyang | 稻, 稻穀 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 穀子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 穀 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 穀 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 穀 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 穀 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 穀子, 穀 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 穀 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 穀 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 穀 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 粟, 禾, 嘉穀, 稷 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粟 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 粟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 穀子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 穀子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 穀子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 穀子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 穀子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 穀子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 穀子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 穀子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 小米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 粟穀 grain |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 小米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 小米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 穀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 穀子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狗尾粟, 粟 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 狗尾粟, 粟仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 粟仔, 黃粟仔, 狗尾粟 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 狗尾粟, 貓尾粟, 黃粟 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 粟 plant, 粟穀 grain |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 穀子, 穀 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 穀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蘆粟, 狗尾粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 秮, 犬尾秮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 黍仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 秮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 秮 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 粟 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 粟禾 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小米 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 粟 |
| Wu | Danyang | 小米 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 粟米 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 粟兒 plant, 粟穀 grain |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 魚子粟 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 稻 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稻子, 稻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稻子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稻子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 稻子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稻子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 稻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稻子, 稻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 稻子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 稻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 稻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 稻穀, 穀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 稻子, 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 穀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 禾, 穀子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稻子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 稻子, 稻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 稻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 禾仔 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 禾仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 禾仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 穀翁 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 禾, 穀 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 穀子, 禾 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 穀 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 禾 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 禾 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 禾 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 禾 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 禾 |
| Gan | Jianning | 禾 |
| Gan | Taining | 禾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 禾 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 禾 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 禾, 穀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 禾 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 穀, 禾 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 穀, 禾 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 禾, 禾苗 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 穀, 禾 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 禾, 穀 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 禾 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 禾 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 禾 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 禾 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Pinghe (Jiufeng) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Changting | 禾 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 禾 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 禾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 禾 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 禾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 禾 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 禾 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 禾 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 禾 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 禾 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 禾仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 禾仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 禾仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 禾仔, 禾 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 禾 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 禾 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 稻穀 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 穀 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 禾 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 禾 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 稻 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 稻 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 稻 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 稻 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 稻 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 穀, 稻子 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 禾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稻子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 稻 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 稻子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 稻子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 禾, 早仔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 禾 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 穀 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 粟 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 禾 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 早仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 禾 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 早仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 粙, 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin) | 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong) | 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tangchuan) | 粙 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Zhongxian) | 禾 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 粙仔, 粙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 粙, 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 粙仔, 粙 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 粙仔, 粙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 粙仔, 禾 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 粙仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 粙仔, 粙 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Datian (Guangping) | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian) | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang) | 禾 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 粙 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 粙 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 粙 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 粙 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 禾 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 禾 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 禾 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 禾 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 禾 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 禾 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 禾 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 禾 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 粙 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 粙 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 穀 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 穀子 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 禾 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 禾 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 禾 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 禾 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 禾 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 禾 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 禾 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 禾 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 禾 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 禾 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 禾 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 禾 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 禾 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 稻 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 稻 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 稻 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 稻 |
| Wu | Danyang | 稻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 稻, 稻子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 稻 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 稻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 稻 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 稻 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 穀 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 禾 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 禾 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 禾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 禾 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 禾, 穀子 |

### Compounds

* 不穀 / 不谷 (bùgǔ)
* 九穀 / 九谷
* 五穀 / 五谷 (wǔgǔ)
* 五穀不分 / 五谷不分
* 五穀不升 / 五谷不升
* 五穀豐登 / 五谷丰登 (wǔgǔfēngdēng)
* 五穀豐稔 / 五谷丰稔
* 包穀 / 包谷 (bāogǔ)
* 嘉穀 / 嘉谷
* 嚼穀 / 嚼谷
* 孤寡不穀 / 孤寡不谷
* 川穀 / 川谷
* 布穀 / 布谷 (bùgǔ)
* 布穀鳥 / 布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
* 年穀 / 年谷
* 息穀 / 息谷
* 戩穀 / 戬穀
* 打穀 / 打谷 (dǎgǔ)
* 打穀機 / 打谷机
* 撥穀 / 拨谷
* 晒穀
* 晒穀場 / 晒谷场
* 楊穀 / 杨谷
* 殖穀 / 殖谷
* 田穀 / 田谷
* 百穀 / 百谷
* 礱穀機 / 砻谷机
* 穀倉 / 谷仓 (gǔcāng)
* 穀圭 / 谷圭
* 穀城 / 谷城 (Gǔchéng)
* 穀子 / 谷子 (gǔzi)
* 穀日 / 穀日
* 穀旦 / 穀旦 (gǔdàn)
* 穀梁傳 / 穀梁传 (Gǔliángzhuàn)
* 穀梁 / 穀梁 (Gǔliáng)
* 穀物 / 谷物 (gǔwù)
* 穀神星 / 谷神星 (Gǔshénxīng)
* 穀穀 / 谷谷
* 稻穀 / 稻谷 (dàogǔ)
* 穀米 / 谷米 (gǔmǐ)
* 穀草 / 谷草 (gǔcǎo)
* 穀賤傷農 / 谷贱伤农
* 穀道 / 谷道
* 穀雨 / 谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
* 穀類 / 谷类 (gǔlèi)
* 穀風 / 谷风 (gǔfēng)
* 穀食 / 谷食 (gǔshí)
* 積穀 / 积谷
* 積穀防饑 / 积谷防饥 (jīgǔfángjī)
* 米穀 / 米谷
* 脫穀機 / 脱谷机
* 臧穀亡羊 / 臧谷亡羊
* 荒年穀 / 荒年谷
* 辟穀
* 辟穀絕粒 / 辟谷绝粒
* 錢穀 / 钱谷
* 館穀 / 馆谷

### References

* “穀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 穀 |
| Kyūjitai | 穀 &#xFA54; or 穀+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 穀󠄀 穀+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 穀󠄃 穀+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 穀)
* grain

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kun: いきる (ikiru, 穀きる)、たなつもの (tanatsumono, 穀)、やしなう (yashinau, 穀う)、よい (yoi, 穀い)
* Nanori: よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

#### Compounds

* 穀(こく)雨(う) (kokū)
* 穀(こく)蛾(が) (kokuga)
* 穀(こく)倉(ぐら) (kokugura)
* 穀(こく)穀(こく) (kokukoku)
* 穀(こく)日(じつ) (kokujitsu)
* 穀(こく)菽(しゅく) (kokushuku)
* 穀(こく)食(しょく) (kokushoku): cereal-eating
* 穀(こく)草(そう) (kokusō): cereal; grain
* 穀(こく)倉(そう) (kokusō)
* 穀(こく)象(ぞう)虫(むし) (kokuzōmushi)
* 穀(こく)断(だ)ち (kokudachi)
* 穀(こく)旦(たん) (kokutan)
* 穀(こく)粒(つぶ) (kokutsubu)
* 穀(こく)潰(つぶ)し (kokutsubushi)
* 穀(こく)帛(はく) (kokuhaku)
* 穀(こく)風(ふう) (kokufū)
* 穀(こく)粉(ふん) (kokufun)
* 穀(こく)減(べ)り (kokuberi)
* 穀(こく)物(もつ) (kokumotsu): cereal; grain
* 穀(こく)屋(や) (kokuya)
* 穀(こく)粒(りゅう) (kokuryū)
* 穀(こく)類(るい) (kokurui): cereal; grain
* 穀(こく)霊(れい) (kokurei)
* 嘉(か)穀(こく) (kakoku)
* 禾(か)穀(こく) (kakoku)
* 祈(き)穀(こく) (kikoku)
* 九(きゅう)穀(こく) (kyūkoku)
* 旧(きゅう)穀(こく) (kyūkoku)
* 五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku)
* 雑(ざっ)穀(こく) (zakkoku)
* 秫(じゅっ)穀(こく) (jukkoku)
* 新(しん)穀(こく) (shinkoku)
* 戩(せん)穀(こく) (senkoku)
* 脱(だっ)穀(こく) (dakkoku)
* 百(ひゃっ)穀(こく) (hyakkoku)
* 不(ふ)穀(こく) (fukoku)
* 米(べい)穀(こく) (beikoku)
* 六(ろっ)穀(こく) (rokkoku)

### References

* ↑ “穀”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1578 (paper), page 841 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 903 (paper), page 464 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 穀 (MC kuwk).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ko̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [곡]
* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nu]
* Phonetic hangul: [누]

### Hanja

穀 (eumhun 곡식 곡 (goksik gok)) 穀 (eumhun 어린아이 누 (eorinai nu))
* hanja form of 곡 (“grain”)

#### Compounds

* 곡가 (穀價, gokga)
* 곡간 (穀間, gokgan)
* 곡곡 (穀穀, gokgok)
* 곡귀 (穀貴, gokgwi)
* 곡기 (穀氣, gokgi)
* 곡단 (穀旦, gokdan)
* 곡달 (穀疸, gokdal)
* 곡도 (穀道, gokdo)
* 곡두 (穀頭, gokdu)
* 곡두생각 (穀頭生角, gokdusaenggak)
* 곡량 (穀糧, gongnyang)
* 곡령 (穀靈, gongnyeong)
* 곡류 (穀類, gongnyu)
* 곡름 (穀廩, gongneum)
* 곡물 (穀物, gongmul)
* 곡벽 (穀壁, gokbyeok)
* 곡복사신 (穀腹絲身, gokboksasin)
* 곡상 (穀商, goksang)
* 곡성 (穀城, Gokseong)
* 곡식 (穀食, goksik)
* 곡우 (穀雨, gogu)
* 곡인 (穀人, gogin)
* 곡일 (穀日, gogil)
* 곡적 (穀賊, gokjeok)
* 곡정 (穀精, gokjeong)
* 곡정수 (穀精水, gokjeongsu)
* 곡주 (穀酒, gokju)
* 곡차 (穀茶, gokcha)
* 곡창 (穀倉, gokchang)
* 곡창 (穀脹, gokchang)
* 곡천 (穀賤, gokcheon)
* 곡출 (穀出, gokchul)
* 곡퇴 (穀堆, goktoe)
* 곡풍 (穀風, gokpung)
* 곡향 (穀鄕, gokhyang)
* 곡희 (穀餼, gokhui)
* 양곡 (糧穀, yanggok)
* 오곡 (五穀, ogok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

穀: Hán Nôm readings: cốc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.