# قنطار
## Arabic

* Root
* ق ن ط ر (q n ṭ r)
* 3 terms

### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā), ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“hundredweight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qin.tˤaːr/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /qan.tˤaːr/

### Noun

قِنْطَار • (qinṭār) m (plural قَنَاطِير (qanāṭīr))
* hundredweight, quintal, kantar (a weight measure, usually the largest and dividing to 100 رَطْل (raṭl))
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:75:وَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَابِ مَنْ إِنْ تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ إِنْ تَأْمَنْهُ بِدِينَارٍ لَا يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا مَا دُمْتَ عَلَيْهِ قَائِمًاwa-min ʔahli l-kitābi man ʔin taʔmanhu bi-qinṭārin yuʔaddihi ʔilayka wa-minhum man ʔin taʔmanhu bidīnārin lā yuʔaddihi ʔilayka ʔillā mā dumta ʕalayhi qāʔimanAnd among the People of the Scripture is he who, if you entrust him with a qintar, he will return it to you. And among them is he who, if you entrust him with a dinar, he will not return it to you unless you persist confronting him.
** (obsolete, Syria until 1931) 6000 وُقِيّة (wuqiyya) – 256.4 kg
** (obsolete, Saudi-Arabia until 1964) 150 رَطْل (raṭl) – 67.5 kg
** (obsolete, Egypt/Sudan until 1891) 36 أُقَّة (ʔuqqa) – 133+$^1$⁄$_3$ وِقِيّة (wiqiyya) – 230,400 قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ) – 44.93 kg
** (obsolete, Libya until 1927) 40 أُقَّة (ʔuqqa) – 51.28 kg
** (obsolete, Tunisia until 1895) 2000 وُقِيّة (wuqiyya) – 53.9 kg
** (obsolete, Algeria until 1843) 2400 وُقِيّة (wuqiyya) – 81.912 kg
** (obsolete, Morocco until 1923) 50.75 kg
* (figurative) wealth, great possessions
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:14:زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ ٱلشَّهَوَاتِ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَاءِ وَٱلْبَنِينَ وَٱلْقَنَاطِيرِ ٱلْمُقَنْطَرَةِ مِنَ ٱلذَّهَبِ وَٱلْفِضَّةِ وَٱلْخَيْلِ ٱلْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَٱلْأَنْعَامِ وَٱلْحَرْثِ ذٰلِكَ مَتَاعُ ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱللّٰهُ عِنْدَهُ حُسْنُ ٱلْمَآبِzuyyina li-n-nāsi ḥubbu š-šahawāti mina n-nisāʔi wa-l-banīna wa-l-qanāṭīri l-muqanṭarati mina ḏ-ḏahabi wa-l-fiḍḍati wa-l-ḵayli l-musawwamati wa-l-ʔanʕāmi wa-l-ḥarṯi ḏālika matāʕu l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wa-llāhu ʕindahu ḥusnu l-maʔābiBeautified for men is the love of things they covet, women, children, heaped-up wealth of gold and silver, branded beautiful horses, cattle and cropland. This is the pleasure of the present world’s life, but Allah has the finest return with Him.

#### Derived terms

* قَنْطَرَ (qanṭara, “to heap up wealth”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: qantar
* Moroccan Arabic: قنطار (qanṭār)
* → Azerbaijani: qantar
** → Armenian: ղանթար (ġantʻar)
* → Crimean Tatar: qantar
* → English: kantar
* → Italian: cantaro
* → Medieval Latin: quintāle
** → Italian: quintale
** → Old French: quintal (see there for further descendants)
** → Portuguese: quintal
** → Spanish: quintal
* → Ottoman Turkish: قنطار (kantar) (see there for further descendants)
* → Persian: قنطار (qentâr)

### References

* Cardarelli, François (2003) Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins, London: Springer, →ISBN
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 203

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “hundredweight, quintal”), itself from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“hundredweight”).

### Noun

قنطار • (kantar)
* kantar, hundredweight, quintal, a unit of weight used in various Eastern Mediterranean countries
* steelyard, a transportable balance with unequal arm lengths which incorporates a sliding counterweight
    Synonym: قپان (kapan)

#### Derived terms

* قنطار آغاسی (kantar ağası, “weights inspector”)
* قنطار طوپی (kantar topu, “weight of a steelyard”)
* قنطار قاونی (kantar kavunu, “large variety of melon”)
* قنطار قولی (kantar kolu, “arm of a steelyard”)
* قنطار كرته‌سی (kantar kertesi, “notch on the arm of a steelyard”)
* قنطار پاره‌سی (kantar parası, “fee paid to the weights inspector”)
* قنطارجی (kantarcı, “weights inspector”)
* قنطارلق (kantarlık, “rack where steelyards are kept”)
* قنطاره چكمك (kantara çekmek, “to weigh with a steelyard”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kantar
* → Albanian: kandar
* → Armenian: ղանթար (ġantʻar)
* → Belarusian: ка́нтар (kántar)
* → Bulgarian: кантар (kantar)
* → Byzantine Greek: καντάρι (kantári)
** Greek: καντάρι (kantári)
*** → Albanian: kandar
*** → Aromanian: cãntare, cîntare, cîndare
* → Karaim: кантар, къантар
* → Macedonian: кантар (kantar)
* → Polish: kantar (obsolete)
** → Ukrainian: ка́нтар (kántar)
* → Romanian: cântar
* → Russian: канта́рь (kantárʹ), конта́рь (kontárʹ), канта́р (kantár), ка́нтырь (kántyrʹ)
** → Kazakh: кантар (kantar)
* → Serbo-Croatian: ка̀нта̄р/kàntār

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kantar1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2390
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قنطار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 370b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قنطار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 974
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Centenarium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 168
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قنطار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3769
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kantar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قنطار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1476

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“hundredweight”).

### Noun

قنطار • (qentâr) (plural قناطیر)
* kantar
* hundredweight, quintal