# جام
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جام (jâm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaːm/

### Noun

جَام • (jām) m (plural جَامَات (jāmāt) or جُوم (jūm) or أَجْوَام (ʔajwām))
* cup, bowl
* tray, platter

#### Declension
### References

* Gacek, Adam (2008) The Arabic Manuscript Tradition: A Glossary of Technical Terms, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جام”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Gurani
### Noun

جام (jām)
* mirror

## Iraqi Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian جام (jâm).

### Noun

جام (jām) m
* glass, pane

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جام (jâm, “glass, pane”).

### Noun

جام • (cam)
* glass, an amorphous and often transparent substance
    Synonym: صرچه (sırça)
* cup, glass, beaker, stoop, a vessel made of glass
    Synonyms: بارداق (bardak), ساغراق (saġrak) (glass)
* piece of glass applied to any particular purpose, as a watchglass, etc.
* integrated sheet of glass such as a window-pane, window-sash or window-valve, a bull's-eye of glass in a vault or dome etc.

### Adjective

جام • (cam)
* of glass, glassy, vitreous
    Synonym: صرچه (sırça)

#### Derived terms

* جام گوبكی (cam göbeği, “the knot of glass on a blower's pipe”)
* جام گوز (cam göz, “hound shark”)
* جامجی (camcı, “glazier”)
* جاملتمق (camlatmak, “to make or let be fitted with glass”)
* جاملق (camlık, “glassiness”)
* جاملمق (camlamak, “to fit with glass”)
* جاملنمق (camlanmak, “to become glassy”)
* جاملو (camlı, “glassy”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: cam
* → Albanian: xham
* → Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
* → Aromanian: agiame, giame
* → Bulgarian: джам (džam)
* → Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
* → Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
* → Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
* → Macedonian: џам (džam)
* → Romanian: geam
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: џа̏м
    Latin script: džȁm

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 745
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جام”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 177a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جام”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 430
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Vitrum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1775
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جام”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1560
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “25. AǦAME sb. f. pl. aǧeń i aǧemurǐ; ǦAME”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 75
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جام”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 636

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Persian جام (jâm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒɑm/

### Noun

جام • (jâm) m
* cup, goblet

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ǰām, “glass”). Related to Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬨𐬀 (yama, “glass”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɑːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒɔːm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɒːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɔm]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | جام |
| Iranian Persian | جام |
| Tajik | ҷом |
جام • (jâm) (plural جام‌ها (jâm-hâ))
* cup
* glass, pane

#### Derived terms

* جام جم (jâm-e jam, “Cup of Jamshid”)
* جام زهر (jâm-e zahr, literally “poisoned chalice”)

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: جام (jām, “cup, bowl, plate”)
* → Gulf Arabic: جام (jām), جامة (jāma, “motorvehicle window”)
* → Iraqi Arabic: جام (jām)
* → Bengali: জাম (jam)
* → Gujarati: જામ (jām)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: जाम (jām)
    Urdu: جام (jâm)
* → Pashto: جام (jâm)
* → Ottoman Turkish: جام (cam)
** Turkish: cam
** → Albanian: xham
** → Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
** → Aromanian: agiame, giame
** → Bulgarian: джам (džam)
** → Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
** → Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
** → Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
** → Macedonian: џам (džam)
** → Romanian: geam
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: џа̏м
    Latin script: džȁm

### References

* Hassuri, Ali (1983) “Two Middle Persian Words”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎, volume 133, pages 145–148
* ↑ The Silk Road Encyclopedia. (n.d.). United States: Seoul Selection.
* ↑ The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. (1910). United Kingdom: Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, p. 248

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d͡ʒɑːm/
* Rhymes: -ɑːm

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جام (jām).

#### Noun

جام • (jām) m (Hindi spelling जाम)
* goblet; wine cup
* (loosely) glass; drinking vessel

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu).

#### Noun

جام • (jām) m (Hindi spelling जाम)
* rose apple
* guava
* night watch (for a period of three hours)
* son

##### Declension

Declension of جام :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | جام (jām) | جام (jām) |
| oblique | جام (jām) | جاموں (jāmõ) |
| vocative | جام (jām) | جامو (jāmo) |

### References

* “جام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “جام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Pashto جام (jām).

### Noun

جام (jām)
* stirrup