# 薑

| 薑 | U+8591, &#34193; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8591 |
| ← 薐 [U+8590] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薒 → [U+8592] |

## Translingual
### Han character

薑 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿一田一 (TMWM), four-corner 4410$_6$, composition ⿱艹畺)

#### Derived characters

* 𱤳, 𤒬, 𥗪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1061, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32110
* Dae Jaweon: page 1525, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3300, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8591

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 薑
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 畺 | *kaŋ |
| 畕 | *kaŋ |
| 礓 | *kaŋ |
| 繮 | *kaŋ |
| 韁 | *kaŋ |
| 橿 | *kaŋ |
| 薑 | *kaŋ |
| 疆 | *kaŋ |
| 壃 | *kaŋ |
| 僵 | *kaŋ |
| 彊 | *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ |
| 麠 | *kaŋ |
Originally 䕬, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).
Note that the simplified form 姜 (OC *klaŋ) is also a traditional character on its own.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ (“ginger”). Compare Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): goeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): giang$^1$ / giang$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiông
    (Hailu, HRS): giong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gióng
* Eastern Min (BUC): giŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / kiauⁿ / kiong / kiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gion$^1$ / giên$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jian$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goeng$^1$
*** Yale: gēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: giang$^1$ / giang$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiaŋ³³/, /kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
*** Hakka Romanization System: giong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kioŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gióng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kiunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kiũ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /kiũ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiauⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kiaunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kviaw
*** IPA (Penang): /kiãu³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang
*** Tâi-lô: kiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gion$^1$ / giên$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kioⁿ / kieⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kĩõ³³/, /kĩẽ³³/
* gion1 - Shantou;
* giên1 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: kjang
Rime :
| Character | 薑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居良切 |
| Baxter | kjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | goeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 薑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]aŋ/ |
| English | ginger |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6260 |
| Phonetic component | 畺 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薑 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaŋ/ |

### Definitions

薑
* ginger
    From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
    Méngshè Mán yǐ jiāo, jiāng, guì hé pēng ér yǐn zhī. [Pinyin]
    The Mengshe Barbarians use pepper, ginger, and cinnamon to boil as a drink.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 薑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 薑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 薑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 薑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 薑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 薑, 鮮薑, 黃薑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 薑, 生薑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 薑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 薑, 生薑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 薑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 生薑, 薑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 生薑, 薑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 生薑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 洋辣子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 生薑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 生薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 生薑, 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 生薑, 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 生薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 薑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 薑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 生薑, 薑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 生薑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 薑乸, 薑 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 薑乸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 薑乸 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 薑乸 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老薑, 薑, 薑乸 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 薑, 生薑 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 薑, 薑乸 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 薑 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 薑 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 生薑, 薑 |
| Gan | Pengze | 生薑 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 薑 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 薑 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 薑嫲, 薑, 生薑 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 薑 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 薑 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 薑 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 薑嫲 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 薑嫲 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 薑, 生薑 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鮮薑, 薑 |
| Jin | Datong | 鮮薑 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 鮮薑 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鮮薑 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 生薑 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老薑, 薑 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 薑母, 薑 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 薑母 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 薑 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 薑, ขิง |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 薑 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 薑母 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 薑母 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 薑母 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 薑母 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 薑 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 薑 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 薑 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 薑 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 薑 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 薑 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 薑 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 薑 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 生薑, 薑 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 生薑 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 薑, 生薑 |
| Wu | Danyang | 生薑 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 薑 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 生薑, 薑 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 薑, 生薑 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 生薑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 薑, 生薑 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 薑 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 生薑 |

### Compounds

* 乾薑 / 干姜 (gānjiāng)
* 人老精，薑老辣 / 人老精，姜老辣
* 吃蔥吃蒜不吃薑 / 吃葱吃蒜不吃姜
* 咬薑呷醋 / 咬姜呷醋 (yǎojiāngxiácù)
* 咬薑啜醋 / 咬姜啜醋
* 夠薑 / 够姜
* 嫩薑 / 嫩姜 (nènjiāng)
* 子薑 / 子姜 (zǐjiāng)
* 山薑 / 山姜
* 廉薑 / 廉姜
* 本地薑唔辣 / 本地姜唔辣
* 枸薑 / 枸姜
* 桂薑 / 桂姜
* 毛薑 / 毛姜
* 洋薑 / 洋姜 (yángjiāng)
* 熬薑呷醋 / 熬姜呷醋
* 猴薑 / 猴姜
* 生薑 / 生姜 (shēngjiāng)
* 癡鼠拖薑 / 痴鼠拖姜
* 砂薑 / 砂姜
* 砸薑磨蒜 / 砸姜磨蒜
* 粉薑 / 粉姜
* 紅球薑 / 红球姜
* 胡椒細細辣過薑 / 胡椒细细辣过姜
* 般薑鼠 / 般姜鼠
* 苗薑 / 苗姜
* 茈薑 / 茈姜
* 薑啤 / 姜啤
* 薑嫲 / 姜嫲
* 薑是老的辣 / 姜是老的辣 (jiāng shì lǎo de là)
* 薑桂 / 姜桂
* 薑桂老辣 / 姜桂老辣 (jiāngguìlǎolà)
* 薑母 / 姜母 (jiāngmǔ)
* 薑母鴨 / 姜母鸭 (jiāngmǔyā)
* 薑汁撞奶 / 姜汁撞奶 (jiāngzhī zhuàng nǎi)
* 薑湯 / 姜汤
* 薑絲 / 姜丝 (jiāngsī)
* 薑絲大腸 / 姜丝大肠
* 薑越老越辣 / 姜越老越辣 (jiāngyuèlǎoyuèlà)
* 薑還是老的辣 / 姜还是老的辣 (jiāng háishì lǎo de là)
* 薑醋 / 姜醋 (jiāngcù)
* 薑餅 / 姜饼 (jiāngbǐng)
* 薑黃 / 姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
* 蜀薑 / 蜀姜
* 豬腳薑 / 猪脚姜 (zhūjiǎojiāng)
* 豬腳薑醋 / 猪脚姜醋 (zhūjiǎo jiāngcù)
* 野薑花 / 野姜花
* 高良薑 / 高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng)
* 鬼子薑 / 鬼子姜
* 麥句薑 / 麦句姜
* 黃薑 / 黄姜 (huángjiāng)
* 黃薑薑 / 黄姜姜
* 鼠銜薑 / 鼠衔姜

### Descendants

* → Lisu: ꓚꓬꓺ (tʃɑ̱), ꓚꓬꓮꓥꓺ (tʃɑ̱ŋ)
* → Spanish: kion, kión
* → Zhuang: gieng

### References

* “薑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* ginger

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: はじかみ (hajikami)

#### Compounds

* 薑黄(きょうおう) (kyōō): wild turmeric

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ka̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [강]

### Hanja

Wikisource 薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese

* chữ Hán Nôm in this term
* 薑

### Han character

薑: Hán Nôm readings: gừng; khương; cưng

### Noun

薑
* chữ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”).

#### References

* Nom Foundation