# 失敗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shībài
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄅㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$ baai$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳt-phai
    (Hailu, HRS): shid pai$^˖$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sit-pāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig$^4$ bai$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shībài
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄅㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shihbài
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$-pai$^4$
*** Yale: shr̄-bài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shybay
*** Palladius: шибай (šibaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$ baai$^6$
*** Yale: sāt baaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$ baai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$ bai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵ paːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-phai
*** Hakka Romanization System: siid$^ˋ$ pai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sid$^5$ pai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² pʰai̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shid pai$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃit⁵⁻² pʰai³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-pāi
*** Tâi-lô: sit-pāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sitpai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ pai²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ pai³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /sit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ pai²²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ pai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sig$^4$ bai$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik pāi
*** Sinological IPA : /sik̚²⁻⁴ pai¹¹/

### Verb

失敗
* (intransitive) to be defeated
* (intransitive) to fail; to come to nothing; to fall through
       Tāmen de jìhuà zhùdìng yào shībài. [Pinyin]
       Their plan is doomed to fail.

#### Synonyms

* (to be defeated):
* 打敗 / 打败 (dǎbài)
* 拍輸 / 拍输 (Hokkien)
* 敗北 / 败北 (bàiběi)
* 敗軍 / 败军 (bàijūn) (literary)
* 落敗 / 落败 (luòbài)
* (to fail):
* 失利 (shīlì)
* 挫折 (cuòzhé)
* 未成功 (wèi chénggōng)
* 砸 (zá) (colloquial)
* 破產 / 破产 (pòchǎn)
* 跌倒 (diēdǎo)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to be defeated”): 勝利／胜利 (shènglì)
* (antonym(s) of “to fail”): 成功 (chénggōng)

### Noun

失敗
* failure; defeat
    以失敗告終／以失败告终 ― yǐ shībài gàozhōng ― to end in failure
       Zuìchū zhèngfǔ bùyuàn chéngrèn shībài. [Pinyin]
       Initially the government was unwilling to acknowledge the defeat.

### Adjective

失敗
* failed; unsuccessful
       Tā shì zuì wěidà de nǚxìng, zuì shībài de qīzi. [Pinyin]
       She is the greatest woman but the worst wife.
    我真失敗。／我真失败。 ― Wǒ zhēn shībài. ― I am such a failure.
* (attributive) failed (of a state)

### Derived terms

* 失敗國家 / 失败国家 (shībài guójiā)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 失敗(しっぱい) (shippai)
* → Korean: 실패(失敗) (silpae)
* → Vietnamese: thất bại (失敗)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 失 | 敗 |
| しつ > しっ Grade: 4 | はい > ぱい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しっぱい [shìppáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕi̥p̚pa̠i]

### Noun

失(しっ)敗(ぱい) • (shippai)
* failure, miscarriage
* mistake, fault, error

#### Synonyms

* (mistake): 錯誤(さくご) (sakugo)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “failure”): 成功(せいこう) (seikō)

### Verb

失(しっ)敗(ぱい)する • (shippai suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 失(しっ)敗(ぱい)し (shippai shi), past 失(しっ)敗(ぱい)した (shippai shita))
* fail
* make a mistake

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失敗し | しっぱいし | shippai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失敗し | しっぱいし | shippai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失敗する | しっぱいする | shippai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失敗する | しっぱいする | shippai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失敗すれ | しっぱいすれ | shippai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失敗せよ¹ 失敗しろ² | しっぱいせよ¹ しっぱいしろ² | shippai seyo¹ shippai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 失敗される | しっぱいされる | shippai sareru |
| Causative | 失敗させる 失敗さす | しっぱいさせる しっぱいさす | shippai saseru shippai sasu |
| Potential | 失敗できる | しっぱいできる | shippai dekiru |
| Volitional | 失敗しよう | しっぱいしよう | shippai shiyō |
| Negative | 失敗しない | しっぱいしない | shippai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 失敗せず | しっぱいせず | shippai sezu |
| Formal | 失敗します | しっぱいします | shippai shimasu |
| Perfective | 失敗した | しっぱいした | shippai shita |
| Conjunctive | 失敗して | しっぱいして | shippai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失敗すれば | しっぱいすれば | shippai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* しくじる (shikujiru)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 失 | 敗 |

### Noun

失敗 • (silpae) (hangeul 실패)
* hanja form of 실패 (“failure”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 失 | 敗 |

### Verb

失敗
* chữ Hán form of thất bại (“to fail”).