# عرق
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
* 10 terms
Cognate with Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿäräḳä, “to be naked, to be orphaned, to be childless, to be bereft”).

#### Verb

عَرَقَ • (ʕaraqa) I (non-past يَعْرُقُ (yaʕruqu), verbal noun مَعْرِق (maʕriq) or عَرْق (ʕarq))
* to strip of flesh, to nibble

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

عُرِقَ • (ʕuriqa) I (passive-only, non-past يُعْرَقُ (yuʕraqu), verbal noun عَرْق (ʕarq))
* to be emaciated

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

عَرِقَ • (ʕariqa) I (non-past يَعْرَقُ (yaʕraqu), verbal noun عَرَق (ʕaraq))
* to sweat, to perspire

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
* 10 terms
Cognate to Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿärräḳä, “to strip naked”).

#### Verb

عَرَّقَ • (ʕarraqa) II (non-past يُعَرِّقُ (yuʕarriqu), verbal noun تَعْرِيق (taʕrīq))
* to make sweat, to promote perspiration
* to water down, to dilute (a drink)
* to grow roots; to take root
* to be deeply rooted
* to vein, to marble

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

* Root
* ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
* 10 terms

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.raq/

#### Noun

عَرَق • (ʕaraq) m
* verbal noun of عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) (form I)
* sweat, perspiration
* arrack (a clear raisin liquor that turns cloudy when water is added)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għaraq
* → Amharic: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
* → Azerbaijani: araq
* → Bashkir: араҡы (araqı)
* → Bikol Central: arak
* → Burmese: အရက် (a.rak)
* → Chinese: 阿剌吉 (ālàjí)
* → Daur: argw
* → English: arak, araq, arrack, rack
* → Evenki: аракӣ (arakī)
* → German: Arak
* → Georgian: არაყი (araq̇i)
** → Bats: არაყ (araq̇)
* → Hebrew: ערק (ʿaráq)
* → Ilocano: arak
* → Italian: arrak
* → Kalmyk: әрк (ärk)
* → Karaim: ракъы (raqı)
* → Kazakh: арақ (araq)
* → Korean: 아락 (arak)
* → Kumyk: гьаракъы (haraqı)
* → Kyrgyz: арак (arak)
* → Limos Kalinga: alak
* → Malay: arak
** Indonesian: arak
** → Bikol Central: arak
** → Central Dusun: talak
** → Chamorro: arak
** → Coastal Kadazan: talak
** → Ilocano: arak
** → Limos Kalinga: alak
** → Tagalog: alak
* → Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki)
* → Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ (ariki)
** Mongolian: архи (arxi)
* → Nanai: араки (araki)
* → Nivkh: арак (arak)
* → Northern Kurdish: ereq
* → Ossetian: арахъ (araq)
* → Ottoman Turkish: راقی (rakı)
** Turkish: rakı
** → Albanian: raki
** → Armenian: ըռախի (əṙaxi), ռախի (ṙaxi)
** → Bulgarian: раки́я (rakíja)
** → English: raki
** → Finnish: raki
** → French: raki
** → German: Raki
** → Greek: ρακή (rakí), ρακί (rakí)
** → Ladino:
    Hebrew script: ראקי
    Latin script: raki
** → Macedonian: ракија (rakija)
** → Romanian: rachiu
** → Russian: ракы (raky)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ра̀кија
    Latin script: ràkija
       → English: rakija
* → Persian: عرق ('araq)
** → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
*** Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
** → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)
* → Portuguese: áraque
* → Russian: арак (arak)
* → Tagalog: alak
* → Tajik: арақ (araq)
* → Tatar: аракы (araqı)
* → Tibetan: ཨ་རག (a rag)
* → Tigre: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
* → Tigrinya: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
* → Turkmen: arak
* → Southern Altai: аракы (arakï)
* → Uyghur: ھاراق (haraq)
* → Uzbek: aroq
* → Yakut: арыгы (arıgı)

### Etymology 4

From the root ع ر ق (ʕ-r-q) in the sense of plants “perspiring” roots or roots being naked or stripped from earth when looked upon; or metathesis from the root ع ق ر (ʕ-q-r) related to عَقَار (ʕaqār, “real estate, ground, land”), compare against its Aramaic cognate עִיקָּרָא / ܥܶܩܳܪܳܐ (ʿiqqārā, ʿeqqārā, “root”) and Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩧𐩤 (ʿrq, “collarbone; lowlying land, plain, depression”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕirq/

#### Noun

عِرْق • (ʕirq) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūq) or أَعْراق (ʔaʕrāq))
* plant stem, leaf stem
* blood vessel
    Synonym: وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, “blood tube”)
    Hyponyms: شُرْيَان (šuryān, “artery”), وَرِيد (warīd, “vein”)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.
* hereditary disposition
* race, stock, descent
* (geology) erg

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: عرج (ʕirj, “origin, descent”)
* → Azerbaijani: irq
* → Ottoman Turkish: عرق (ʿırk)
    > Turkish: ırk (inherited)
* → Uyghur: ئىرق (irq)
* → Uzbek: irq

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1835) “عرق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 142
* Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, pages 140–142

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

عرق (definite accusative عرقی, plural عرقلار)
* Arabic spelling of araq (“vodka”)

## Hijazi Arabic

* Root
* ع ر ق
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.raɡ/

#### Noun

عرق • (ʕarag) m
* sweat
* arak

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عِرْقْ (ʕirq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕirɡ/, [ʕɪrɡ]

#### Noun

عرق • (ʕirg) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūg))
* vein
* race (descent)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.riɡ/, [ʕɪ.rɪɡ]

#### Verb

عِرِق • (ʕirig) I (non-past يِعْرَق (yiʕrag))
* to sweat

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.raɡ/

#### Verb

عَرَّق • (ʕarrag) II (non-past يِعَرِّق (yiʕarrig))
* to sweat
* to make sweat, to promote perspiration

##### Conjugation
## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* ع ر ق
* 2 terms

### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕraq/

#### Verb

عرق • (ʕraq) I (non-past يعرق (yiʕraq)) (intransitive)
* to sweat
    كنعرق فيساع فهاد الجو. ― kanaʕraq fīsāʕ f-hād el-jaww. ― I sweat quickly in this weather.

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕar.raq/

#### Verb

عرق • (ʕarraq) II (non-past يعرق (yʕarraq)) (transitive)
* to make sweat

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕarq/

#### Noun

عرق • (ʕarq) m
* sweat
    غيمرضك العرق فهاد البرد.ḡaymarrḍak el-ʕarq f-hād el-bard.The sweat will make you sick in this cold weather.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq, “root; blood vessel, vein”).

#### Noun

عرق • (ʿırk) (plural عروق (ʿuruk))
* (botany) root, the generally underground part of a plant that anchors and supports its body
    Synonym: كوك (kök)
* (figuratively) root, origin, source, the beginning or starting point of something
    Synonym: كوك (kök)
* (anatomy) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart
    Synonyms: رگ (reg), طمر (damar)
* (figuratively) temperament, disposition, a person's normal manner of thinking or behaving
    Synonyms: خوی (huy), طبع (tabʼ), طمر (damar), مزاج (mizac)

##### Derived terms

* عرق غیرت (ʿırk-ı gayret, “zeal; jealousy”)
* عرق لیفی (ʿırk-ı lifi, “capillary”)
* عرق مدنی (ʿırk-ı medeni, “Guinea worm disease”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: ırk

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ırk1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2049
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ırk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 471
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 844
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Vena”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1726
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3250
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1295

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat, perspiration”).

#### Noun

عرق • (ʿarak)
* sweat, perspiration, a fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin
    Synonym: تر (ter)

##### Derived terms

* عرق انفعال (ʿarak-ı infiʿal, “clammy sweat caused by negative emotions”)
* عرقدار (ʿarakdar, “sweating, perspiring”)
* عرقریز (ʿarakriz, “dripping with sweat”)
* عرقچین (ʿarakçın, “linen cap worn under the turban”)
* عرقی (ʿaraki, “sudatory”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: arak

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “arak1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 276
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “arâk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 45
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 844
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sudor”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1622
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3250
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1295

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.ˈɾaq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.ɹǽɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ɾǽq]

#### Noun

عَرَق • (araq)
* sweat, perspiration
    Synonym: خوی (xoy)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلابāfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulābIt is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face], When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)
* spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage

##### Derived terms

* عرق ریختن (araq rixtan)
* عرق کردن (araq kardan)
* عرقِ نعنا (araq-e na'nâ)
* عرقی‌جات (araqi-jât)
* عرق‌خواری (araq-xâri)
* عرق‌سگی (araq-sagi)
* عرق‌گیری (araq-giri)

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
** Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
* → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔiɾq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪɾq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪɾq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪɾq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔiɾq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔeɹɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔiɾq]

#### Noun

عرق • (erq)
* blood vein
    Synonym: رگ (rag)
* root, origin, stock, lineage
    Synonyms: ریشه (riše), نژاد (nežâd), اصل (asl)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عرق”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ع ر ق
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.riʔ/, [ˈʕi.rɪʔ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

عرق • (ʕiriʔ) I (present بعرق (biʕraʔ))
* to sweat

#### Conjugation
### See also

* عرقان (ʕarʔān, “sweating”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عرق ('araq), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /(ʔ)ə.ɾəq/

### Noun

عَرَق • ('araq) m (Hindi spelling अरक़)
* sweat, perspiration, exuded moisture
* juice, essence
* (figuratively) liquor

### References

* “عرق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “عرق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.