# saor
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /sˠeːɾˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /sˠiːɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /sˠiːɾˠ/, (older) /sˠɯːɾˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish saer, from Old Irish sóer, from Proto-Celtic *su-wiros (“good man”).

#### Adjective

saor (genitive singular masculine saoir, genitive singular feminine saoire, plural saora, comparative saoire)
* free (not imprisoned; unconstrained; without obligations; (of software) with very few restrictions on distribution or improvement)
** (literary) having freeman status, enfranchised; noble
** independent
** disengaged
** unrestrained, unrestricted
** not fixed or combined
** blameless, innocent (ar, ó (“of”))
** immune, exempt (ar, ó (“from”))
** safe (ó (“from”))
** (literary, of things) choice
* (grammar) autonomous (of Celtic verb forms similar in meaning to the passive voice)
* cheap, inexpensive

##### Usage notes

Although ‘free’ is the most common translation of this word, it does not mean ‘free of charge, gratis’, but rather ‘cheap, inexpensive’ in reference to goods or services being exchanged. The term for ‘free of charge’ is in aisce.

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “cheap, inexpensive”): daor

#### Verb

saor (present analytic saorann, future analytic saorfaidh, verbal noun saoradh, past participle saortha) (transitive)
* (literary) raise to free status, enfranchise
* free, liberate
* save, redeem
* acquit, exonerate
* free, exempt, deliver (ar, ó (“from”))
* (with de) rid of

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | saoraim | saorann tú; saorair$^†$ | saorann sé, sí | saoraimid | saorann sibh | saorann siad; saoraid$^†$ | a saorann; a saoras / a saorann* | saortar |
| indicative | past | saor mé; saoras | saor tú; saorais | saor sé, sí | saoramar; saor muid | saor sibh; saorabhair | saor siad; saoradar | a saor / ar saor* | saoradh |
| indicative | past habitual | saorainn | saortá | saoradh sé, sí | saoraimis; saoradh muid | saoradh sibh | saoraidís; saoradh siad | a saoradh / a saoradh* | saortaí |
| future | future | saorfaidh mé; saorfad | saorfaidh tú; saorfair$^†$ | saorfaidh sé, sí | saorfaimid; saorfaidh muid | saorfaidh sibh | saorfaidh siad; saorfaid$^†$ | a saorfaidh; a saorfas / a saorfaidh* | saorfar |
| conditional | conditional | saorfainn | saorfá | saorfadh sé, sí | saorfaimis; saorfadh muid | saorfadh sibh | saorfaidís; saorfadh siad | a saorfadh / a saorfadh* | saorfaí |
| subjunctive | present | go saora mé; go saorad$^†$ | go saora tú; go saorair$^†$ | go saora sé, sí | go saoraimid; go saora muid | go saora sibh | go saora siad; go saoraid$^†$ | — | go saortar |
| subjunctive | past | dá saorainn | dá saortá | dá saoradh sé, sí | dá saoraimis; dá saoradh muid | dá saoradh sibh | dá saoraidís; dá saoradh siad | — | dá saortaí |
| imperative | imperative | saoraim | saor | saoradh sé, sí | saoraimis | saoraigí; saoraidh$^†$ | saoraidís | — | saortar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh | saoradh |
| past participle | past participle | saortha | saortha | saortha | saortha | saortha | saortha | saortha | saortha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form

#### Derived terms

* saoirse (“freedom”)
* cluiche saor (“bye”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish saer, from Old Irish sáer, from Proto-Celtic *saɸiros, from Proto-Indo-European *sapiros, from *sap- (“skill”). Cognate with Welsh saer (“carpenter; mason”).

#### Noun

saor m (genitive singular saoir, nominative plural saoir)
* craftsman
* (stone)mason
* artificer

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
saor
saoir
vocative
a shaoir
a shaora
genitive
saoir
saor
dative
saor
saoir
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an saor
na saoir
genitive
an tsaoir
na saor
dative
leis an saor don saor
leis na saoir :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “saor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “saor”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 saer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 saer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 49

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̪ɯːɾ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish sóer, from Proto-Celtic *su-wiros (“good man”).

#### Adjective

saor (comparative saoire)
* free
* cheap

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “cheap”): daor

##### Derived terms

* làithean-saora, saor-làithean (“holidays”)
* saoirse (“freedom”)
* saor o mhàl (“rent-free”)
* saor-thoil (“free will”)
* saor-thoileach (“voluntary; spontaneous”)
* saoranach (“citizen”)
* saoranachd (“citizenship”)
* saorsa (“freedom; salvation”)

#### Verb

saor (past shaor, future saoraidh, verbal noun saoradh, past participle saorte)
* free, rescue, save
* clear, redeem
* cheapen

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish sáer, from Proto-Celtic *saɸiros, from Proto-Indo-European *sapiros, from *sap- (“skill”).

#### Noun

saor m (genitive singular saoir, plural saoir)
* joiner
* carpenter

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “saor”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “saor”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 302
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 saer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 saer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Venetan
### Alternative forms

* saore

### Etymology

From Latin sapor, sapōrem. Compare Italian sapore.

### Noun

saor m (plural saori)
* taste, flavour
* sauce