# 炒

| 炒 | U+7092, &#28818; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7092 |
| ← 炑 [U+7091] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 炓 → [U+7093] |

## Translingual
### Han character

炒 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火竹 (FFH), four-corner 9982$_0$, composition ⿰火少)

#### Derived characters

* 𫷴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18915
* Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2191, character 15
* Unihan data for U+7092

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觘 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 抄 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 鈔 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 訬 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ |
| 炒 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 吵 | *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ |
| 耖 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 仯 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 眇 | *mewʔ |
| 渺 | *mewʔ |
| 杪 | *mewʔ |
| 秒 | *mewʔ |
| 篎 | *mewʔ, *mews |
| 妙 | *mews |
| 玅 | *mews |
| 釥 | *sm̥ʰewʔ |
| 小 | *smewʔ |
| 少 | *hmjewʔ, *hmjews |
| 麨 | *m̥ʰjewʔ |
| 尠 | *senʔ, *smos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰroːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chǎo (chao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): cào
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chǎo
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caau$^2$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): caau$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cau$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cau$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chháu
    (Hailu, HRS): cau$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cau$^3$
    (Changting, Changting Pinyin): cao$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): chǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): chā
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhá / chháu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ca$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ca$^2$ / cao$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): caau$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$tshau / $^3$tshau
** (Jinhua): $^3$tshau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^3$
*** Yale: chǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chao
*** Palladius: чао (čao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cao$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: cào
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: chǎo
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ¹¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caau$^2$
*** Yale: cháau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cao$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːu̯³⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: caau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chháu
*** Hakka Romanization System: cau$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cau$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau³¹/
** (Changting)
*** Changting Pinyin: cao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔ⁴²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰau⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chā
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cor$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cor$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhá / chháu
*** Tâi-lô: tshá / tsháu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhar, zhao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰa⁵³/, /t͡sʰau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰa⁴¹/, /t͡sʰau⁴¹/
* chhá - vernacular;
* chháu - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit炒 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑu²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰɑu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sʰɔ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰau⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰao⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔo²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ /sɔ⁵³/ ～麵 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰæ⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰuɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰo³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰau⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰaɯ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɑu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰau³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑu³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰau³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɛu³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰau³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ /t͡sʰa⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰa³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰau²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰa⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sa²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsrhaewX
Rime :
| Character | 炒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 初爪切 |
| Baxter | tsrhaewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰau$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ](ˤ)r[e]wʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰroːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 炒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhæw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ](ˁ)r[e]wʔ/ |
| English | to stir-fry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 炒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13687 |
| Phonetic component | 小 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 煼 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰroːʔ/ |
| Notes | 同煼，說文從鬲弜芻聲 |

### Definitions

炒
* to stir fry; to sauté
    炒飯、炒麵／炒饭、炒面 [Cantonese] ― caau$^2$ faan$^6$, caau$^2$ min$^6$ [Jyutping] ― fried rice; chow mein
    炒黃豆／炒黄豆 [Shanghainese] ― $^5$tshau $^6$waon-deu [Wugniu] ― "Frying soybeans" (a nursery rhyme)
* (slang) to sack; to fire (short for 炒魷魚 / 炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú))
    即炒 [Cantonese] ― zik$^1$ caau$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to dismiss someone immediately
       jan$^1$ wai$^6$ gam$^1$ jung$^4$ fung$^1$ bou$^6$, gung$^1$ si$^1$ caau$^2$ zo$^2$ jat$^1$ baak$^3$ go$^3$ jyun$^4$ gung$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Due to the financial crisis, the company fired 100 employees.
* (originally Cantonese) to speculate in
    炒股票 [Cantonese] ― caau$^2$ gu$^2$ piu$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to speculate in stocks
    炒樓／炒楼 [Cantonese] ― caau$^2$ lau$^{4-2}$ [Jyutping] ― to speculate in property
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, of machines) to crash
    炒車／炒车 [Cantonese] ― caau$^2$ ce$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    炒電梯／炒电梯 [Cantonese] ― caau$^2$ din$^6$ tai$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) to perform badly (in a test or exam)
       ngo$^5$ caau$^2$ zo$^2$ kam$^4$ jat$^6$ fan$^6$ sou$^3$ hok$^6$ haau$^2$ si$^5$. [Jyutping]
       I screwed up my maths exam yesterday.
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive, in matches or competitions) to win (someone)

#### Synonyms

* (to sack):
* 停生意 ($^6$din-san$_1$-i$_5$) (Shanghainese, dated)
* 執包袱 / 执包袱 (zap$^1$ baau$^1$ fuk$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 捲鋪蓋 / 卷铺盖 (“to be fired”) (figurative)
* 炒魷魚 / 炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú) (slang)
* 解僱 / 解雇 (jiěgù)
* 解聘 (jiěpìn)
* 解職 / 解职 (jiězhí)
* 走路 (zǒulù, “to be fired”) (figurative)
* 辭退 / 辞退 (cítuì)
* 遣散
* 開除 / 开除 (kāichú)
* 革除 (géchú)
* 食無情雞 / 食无情鸡 (sik$^6$ mou$^4$ cing$^4$ gai$^1$) (Cantonese)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 解僱, 辭退, 解聘, 開除, 革除, 解職 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 解僱, 炒魷魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 開除, 炒魷魚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 開銷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 開銷, 開除 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 炒魷魚, 炒魷, 炒, 豉椒炒魷, 開除, 辭, 食無情雞, 雞 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 除職 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 辭退 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 唔使 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 唔請 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔請 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 炒魷魚, 唔請 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 唔請 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔請, 炒魷魚, 炒 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔請, 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 唔請 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 辭工 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 炒魷魚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 炒魷魚 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 開銷 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 辭退, 解僱, 炒魷魚 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 唔愛去做, 炒魷魚, 打豎鋪 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 炒魷魚 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 炒魷魚 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 炒魷魚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 解僱 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 辭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 辭頭路, 辭, 齧拗, 齧捒 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 辭退 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 辭頭路 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 卜頭路 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 擗捒, 刣捒 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 解僱, 炒鰇魚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 清, 炒鰇魚 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 炒鰇魚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 除工 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 炒魷魚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 炒魷魚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 回報 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 開銷 |
* (to speculate): 炒作 (chǎozuò)

#### See also

* 煸 (biān)
* 煎 (jiān)
* 炸 (zhá)

### Compounds

* 拗彆攪炒 / 拗别搅炒
* 攬炒 / 揽炒 (lǎnchǎo)
* 炒作 (chǎozuò)
* 炒冰
* 炒冷飯 / 炒冷饭 (chǎo lěngfàn)
* 炒刺
* 炒勺 (chǎosháo)
* 炒匯 / 炒汇 (chǎohuì)
* 炒咬
* 炒地皮
* 炒家 (chǎojiā)
* 炒栗子
* 炒米 (chǎomǐ)
* 炒米粉
* 炒肝 (chǎogān)
* 炒肝兒 / 炒肝儿 (chǎogānr)
* 炒股票
* 炒菜 (chǎocài)
* 炒蛋 (chǎodàn)
* 炒蝦拆蟹 / 炒虾拆蟹
* 炒豆兒 / 炒豆儿
* 炒貨 / 炒货 (chǎohuò)
* 炒買 / 炒买
* 炒買炒賣 / 炒买炒卖 (chǎomǎichǎomài)
* 炒賣 / 炒卖
* 炒車 / 炒车
* 炒鍋 / 炒锅 (chǎoguō)
* 炒鐵 / 炒铁
* 炒飯 / 炒饭 (chǎofàn)
* 炒餸 / 炒𩠌
* 炒魷 / 炒鱿
* 炒麵 / 炒面 (chǎomiàn)
* 烘炒
* 煎炒 (jiānchǎo)
* 番茄炒蛋 (fānqié chǎodàn)
* 瞎炒蛋
* 糖炒栗子
* 翻炒 (fānchǎo)
* 鬧炒 / 闹炒

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 炒(しょう) (shō); 炒(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 초(炒) (cho)
* → Vietnamese: xào (炒)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: いる (iru, 炒る)、いためる (itameru, 炒める)

## Korean
### Hanja

炒 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

炒: Hán Nôm readings: sao, xào, xáo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.