OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# դաբիր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian դաբիր (dabir).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /dɑˈbiɾ/, [dɑbíɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /tɑˈpiɾ/, [tʰɑpʰíɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: դա‧բիր

### Noun

դաբիր • (dabir)
* (biblical) debir (the innermost part of the Holy of Holies in the Temple in Jerusalem)
* (figuratively) sanctuary

#### Declension
### References

* Aġayan, Ēduard (1976) “դաբիր”, in Ardi hayereni bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* դաբիրայի (dabirayi) (genitive)

### Etymology

From Old Testament Ancient Greek δαβίρ (dabír), from Biblical Hebrew דְּבִיר (dəḇīr).

### Noun

դաբիր • (dabir)
* (biblical) debir (the innermost part of the Holy of Holies in the Temple in Jerusalem)

#### Declension

a-declension is unexpected for a common noun

#### Derived terms

* դաբիրայօրէն (dabirayōrēn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: դաբիր (dabir)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “դաբիր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “դաբիր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “դաբիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 29
# räka
## Swedish
### Etymology

Probably borrowing from a West Slavic language, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”). Mephedrone sense due to shrimp-like smell.

### Noun

räka c
* a shrimp, a prawn
    På sommaren äter vi gärna räkorWe like to eat shrimp during the summer
    Jag såg en räka på strandenI saw a shrimp on the beach
* (slang) mephedrone
    Synonym: mefedron

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | räka | räkas |
| singular | definite | räkan | räkans |
| plural | indefinite | räkor | räkors |
| plural | definite | räkorna | räkornas |

#### Derived terms

* jumboräka
* jätteräka
* lysräka
* räkcocktail
* räkfiske
* räkfrossa
* räkmacka
* räkomelett
* räkost
* räksallad
* räkskal
* räksmörgås
* räkstjärt
* räkstuvning
* räktrål
* räktrålare
* tigerräka
* tångräka

### References

* räka in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* räka in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* räka in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* räka in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
* Slangopedia

### Anagrams

* kära
# laisvas
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Derived from léisti (“to allow”).

### Adjective

laĩsvas m (feminine laisvà, neuter laĩsva)
* free (unconstrained)

#### Derived terms

* laisvai (“freely”)
* laisvybė (“freedom”)
* laisvyn (“(becoming) more free”)
* laisvumas (“freedom”)

#### Related terms

* laisvė (“freedom”)

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “laisvas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270
* ↑ “laĩsvas” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 640 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
* ↑ “laisvas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

### Further reading

* “laisvas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “laisvas”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025
# תפילין
## Hebrew

* Root
* פ־ל־ל (p-l-l)
* 4 terms

### Noun

תפילין / תְּפִלִּין • (tfilín) f pl
* tefillin
* plural of תפילה

#### Related terms

* התפלל
* תפילה

### See also

* טלית
* ציצית
# unera
## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From un- +‎ ēra.

### Noun

unēra f
* dishonour, shame

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: onêre
** Dutch: oneer

### References

* “unēra”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
# violare
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin violāre (“to treat with violence; to maltreat; to violate, defile, profane”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vi.oˈla.re/, /vjoˈla.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: vi‧o‧là‧re, vio‧là‧re

### Verb

violàre (first-person singular present vìolo, first-person singular past historic violài, past participle violàto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to break, violate, infringe, profane, run afoul of
* (transitive, dated) to rape

#### Synonyms

* rompere, infrangere, profanare, violentare

#### Derived terms

* violabile
* violamento
* violatore
* violazione

### References

* ↑ violare in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* Valerio, olivare, velario, violerà, volerai, voliera

## Latin
### Verb

violāre
* inflection of violō:
** present active infinitive
** second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative

## Romanian
### Etymology

From viola +‎ -re.

### Noun

violare f (plural violări)
* violation

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

violare
* first/third-person singular future subjunctive of violar
# אַקראָסטיך
## Yiddish
### Noun

אַקראָסטיך • (akrostikh) m, plural אַקראָסטיכן (akrostikhn)
* acrostic
# μονάδα
## Greek
### Noun

μονάδα • (monáda) f (plural μονάδες)
* (sciences, mathematics, business) unit of measurement, charge unit
* (military, etc) unit
    Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας ― Monáda Entatikís Therapeías ― Intensive Care Unit
* point (in scoring)
* (education) lowest grade

#### Related terms

* διεθνές σύστημα μονάδων f (diethnés sýstima monádon, “International System of Units”)
* κεντρική μονάδα επεξεργασίας f (kentrikí monáda epexergasías, “central processing unit”)
* ΚΜΕ (KME, “CPU”)
* ΜΕΘ f (METh, “ICU”)
* μονάδα εντατική θεραπεία f (monáda entatikí therapeía, “intensive care unit”)
* μονάδα οπτικής παρουσίασης n (monáda optikís parousíasis, “visual display unit”)
# պագանեմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From պագ- (pag-), according to J̌ahukyan of onomatopoeic origin, imitating the sound that the lips make, +‎ -ան- (-an-). See also պաչել (pačʻel).

### Verb

պագանեմ • (paganem)
* (transitive) to kiss
    երկիր պագանել ― erkir paganel ― to prostrate oneself, to worship, to adore (literally, to kiss the earth)

#### Synonyms

* համբուրեմ (hamburem)

#### Derived terms

* երկիրպագանեմ (erkirpaganem)
* երկրպագական (erkrpagakan)
* երկրպագակից (erkrpagakicʻ)
* երկրպագեմ (erkrpagem)
* երկրպագեցուցանեմ (erkrpagecʻucʻanem)
* երկրպագու (erkrpagu)
* երկրպագութիւն (erkrpagutʻiwn)
* երկրպագունք (erkrpagunkʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: պագանել (paganel)
* Middle Armenian: պագնել (pagnel), պագ (pag)
** Armenian: պագնել (pagnel), պագել (pagel), պագ (pag)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պագանեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “պագանեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “պագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “պագ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik
# gamykla
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From gamìnti (“to produce, manufacture”) +‎ -yklà.

### Noun

gamyklà f (plural gamỹklos) stress pattern 2
* factory, plant

#### Derived terms

* gamyklininkas (“factory worker/owner”)
* gamyklinis (“factory”, adjective)

### Further reading

* “gamykla”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “gamykla”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025
# ניצחון
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* נ־צ־ח (n-ts-kh)
* 5 terms
From the root נ־צ־ח

### Noun

ניצחון / נִצָּחוֹן • (nitsakhón) m [pattern: קִטָּלוֹן]
* victory, triumph

#### Related terms

* ניצח
# Tauraco violaceus
## Translingual

Wikispecies

### Proper noun

Tauraco violaceus m
* A taxonomic species within the family Musophagidae – violet turaco.

### References

* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# passera
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

passera
* third-person singular future of passer

### Anagrams

* parasse, râpasse, repassa, séparas

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin passer.

### Noun

passera f (plural passere)
* hedge sparrow, dunnock (Prunella modularis)
* flounder (Platichthys flesus)
* (vulgar, slang) pussy (pubic hair)

#### Derived terms

* passera d'Italia
* passera di mare
* passera lagia
* passera mattugia
* passera sarda
* passera scopaiola
* passera spagnola

### Anagrams

* aspersa, esparsa, parasse, passare, rapasse

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

passera (present passerar, preterite passerade, supine passerat, imperative passera)
* to pass
** to overtake
    Synonyms: gå om, köra om
* to press (something soft) through a sieve or the like; to strain, to sieve
    passerade tomaterstrained tomatoes / passata

#### Related terms

* passage

#### See also

* puré

### References

* passera in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* passera in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* passera in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* passare
# Asthenes
## Translingual
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσθενής (asthenḗs, “weak; ill; insignificant; poor”).

### Proper noun

Asthenes f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Furnariidae – canasteros and thistletails.

### See also

* Canastero on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Asthenes on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Asthenes on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### References

* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# κτήνος
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* χτήνος n (chtínos)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κτῆνος (ktênos, “domestic animal; beast, ox or sheep”).

### Noun

κτήνος • (ktínos) n (plural κτήνη)
* domestic animal, farm animal, beast
* beast, animal, mammal
    Synonym: ζώο (zóo)
* (figuratively) wild person, brute, beast

#### Related terms

* and see: αποκτηνώνω (apoktinóno, “to brutalise”)
* αρχικτηνίατρος m or f (archiktiníatros, “chief vet”)
* κτηνάνθρωπος m (ktinánthropos, “brutishman”)
* κτηνίατρος m or f (ktiníatros, “vet”)
* κτηνοβασία f (ktinovasía, “beastiality”)
* κτηνοβάτης m (ktinovátis, “bestialist”)
* κτηνοβατώ (ktinovató, “I engage in bestiality”)
* κτήνος (ktínos, “beast,animal”)
* κτηνοτροφία f (ktinotrofía, “husbandry”)
* κτηνοτρόφος m or f (ktinotrófos, “stockman”)
* κτηνώδης (ktinódis, “animallike,brutish”, adjective)

#### Further reading

* Ζώο on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* κτήνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# źěłaś
## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dělati (“to do”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʑɪwaɕ/

### Verb

źěłaś impf (perfective zeźěłaś)
* to work (do a specific task)

#### Conjugation

| Present | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | źěłam | źěłamej | źěłamy |
| 2nd person | źěłaš | źěłatej | źěłaśo |
| 3rd person | źěła | źěłatej | źěłaju |
| Preterite | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | źěłach | źěłachmej | źěłachmy |
| 2nd person | źěłašo | źěłaštej | źěłašćo |
| 3rd person | źěłašo | źěłaštej | źěłachu |
| Imperative | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 2nd person | źěłaj | źěłajtej | źěłajśo |

##### Participles

* Present: źěłajucy
* Past active (“ł-form”): źěłał
* Past passive: źěłany

##### Infinitive

    źěłaś

##### Supine

    źěłat

##### Verbal noun

    źěłanje

#### Derived terms

* doźěłaś
* naźěłaś
* późěłaś
* pśeźěłaś
* pśiźěłaś
* wobźěłaś
* wótźěłaś
* wóźěłaś
* wuźěłaś
* zaźěłaś
* zdźěłaś
* źěłarnik
* źěłarniski
* źěłarnistwo
* źěłarnja
* źěłaśerik
* źěłaśerjowy
* źěłaśerski
* źěłaśerstwo
* źěłaśeŕ
* źěłkotaś

#### Related terms

* źěło
# integrasi wilayah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of integrasi (“integration”) +‎ wilayah (“area, region”).

### Noun

integrasi wilayah (uncountable)
* (politics) the establishment of central national authority over smaller political units or regions that may consist of particular cultural or social groups

### Further reading

* “integrasi wilayah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# घुमट
## Konkani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گنبد (gumbad).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡʱuməʈ]

### Noun

घुमट • (ghumaṭ) (Latin script ghumott, Kannada script ಘುಮೊಟ್)
* (architecture) dome
    Synonym: घूड (ghūḍ)

### References

* Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017) IndoWordNet‎

## Malvi
### Alternative forms

* गुम्बद (gumbad)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گنبد (gumbad).

### Noun

घुमट (ghumaṭ)
* (architecture) dome

### Further reading

* डॉ॰ भगवतीलाल राजपुरोहित [Bhagwatilal Rajpurohit], डॉ॰ प्रह्लाद चन्द्र जोशी [Prahlad Chandra Joshi] (2010) “घुमट”, in मालवी - हिन्दी शब्दकोश [Malvi - Hindi Dictionary] (in Hindi), शिवाजी नगर, भोपाल [Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal]: माध्यमिक शिक्षा मण्डल परिसर [Madhyamik Shiksha Mandal Parisar], →ISBN, घु, page 96, column 1.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گنبد (gumbad).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʱu.məʈ/
* Hyphenation: घु‧मट
* Rhymes: -əʈ

### Noun

घुमट • (ghumaṭ) m
* (architecture) dome

#### Derived terms

* गोलघुमट (golghumaṭ)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “घुमट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 41
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “घुमट”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 261
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “घुमट”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 1093.
# מנתח
## Hebrew

* Root
* נ־ת־ח (n-t-kh)
* 4 terms

### Noun

מְנַתֵּחַ • (m'natéakh) m
* surgeon
* analyst
    Synonym: אנליסט

#### Related terms

* ניתוח / נִתּוּחַ (nitúakh)
* ניתח / נִתֵּחַ (nitéakh)
# necentrējamās
## Latvian
### Participle

necentrējamās
* locative plural feminine of necentrējams

### Participle

necentrējamās
* inflection of necentrējamais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# pavone
## English
### Etymology

From Italian pavone.

### Noun

pavone (plural pavones)
* (obsolete, rare) A peacock.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Wings it had with sundry colours dight, / More sundry colours, then the proud Pauone / Beares in his boasted fan […]

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* paone

### Etymology

From Latin pāvōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈvo.ne/
* Rhymes: -one
* Hyphenation: pa‧vó‧ne
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pavone m (plural pavoni, feminine pavona or pavonessa)
* peacock, peafowl

#### Derived terms

* pavone blu
* pavone comune
* pavoneggiarsi
* pavonesco

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: пау́н (paún)
* → Macedonian: паун (paun)
* → Sardinian: pavoni, povoni (Campidanese)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: паун
    Latin script: paun

### Further reading

* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “paòne”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

### Anagrams

* penavo, poneva

## Latin
### Noun

pāvōne
* ablative singular of pāvō

## Spanish
### Verb

pavone
* inflection of pavonar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# terrifica
## Italian
### Verb

terrifica
* inflection of terrificare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* terrifica: (Classical Latin) IPA: /terˈri.fi.ka/, [t̪ɛrˈrɪfɪkä]
* terrifica: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /terˈri.fi.ka/, [t̪erˈriːfikä]
* terrificā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /terˈri.fi.kaː/, [t̪ɛrˈrɪfɪkäː]
* terrificā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /terˈri.fi.ka/, [t̪erˈriːfikä]

### Adjective

terrifica
* inflection of terrificus:
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural neuter

### Adjective

terrificā
* ablative singular feminine of terrificus
# θηριώδης
## Greek
### Adjective

θηριώδης • (thiriódis) m (feminine θηριώδης, neuter θηριώδες)
* violent and cruel in character and behaviour
* fierce, ferocious, bestial
* monstrous (relating to a mythical monster)
* huge

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θηριώδης, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θηριώδης, etc.)
comparative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
θηριωδέστερος (thiriodésteros)
θηριωδέστερη (thiriodésteri)
θηριωδέστερο (thiriodéstero)
θηριωδέστεροι (thiriodésteroi)
θηριωδέστερες (thiriodésteres)
θηριωδέστερα (thiriodéstera)
genitive
θηριωδέστερου (thiriodésterou)
θηριωδέστερης (thiriodésteris)
θηριωδέστερου (thiriodésterou)
θηριωδέστερων (thiriodésteron)
θηριωδέστερων (thiriodésteron)
θηριωδέστερων (thiriodésteron)
accusative
θηριωδέστερο (thiriodéstero)
θηριωδέστερη (thiriodésteri)
θηριωδέστερο (thiriodéstero)
θηριωδέστερους (thiriodésterous)
θηριωδέστερες (thiriodésteres)
θηριωδέστερα (thiriodéstera)
vocative
θηριωδέστερε (thiriodéstere)
θηριωδέστερη (thiriodésteri)
θηριωδέστερο (thiriodéstero)
θηριωδέστεροι (thiriodésteroi)
θηριωδέστερες (thiriodésteres)
θηριωδέστερα (thiriodéstera)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο θηριωδέστερος", etc)
absolute superlative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
θηριωδέστατος (thiriodéstatos)
θηριωδέστατη (thiriodéstati)
θηριωδέστατο (thiriodéstato)
θηριωδέστατοι (thiriodéstatoi)
θηριωδέστατες (thiriodéstates)
θηριωδέστατα (thiriodéstata)
genitive
θηριωδέστατου (thiriodéstatou)
θηριωδέστατης (thiriodéstatis)
θηριωδέστατου (thiriodéstatou)
θηριωδέστατων (thiriodéstaton)
θηριωδέστατων (thiriodéstaton)
θηριωδέστατων (thiriodéstaton)
accusative
θηριωδέστατο (thiriodéstato)
θηριωδέστατη (thiriodéstati)
θηριωδέστατο (thiriodéstato)
θηριωδέστατους (thiriodéstatous)
θηριωδέστατες (thiriodéstates)
θηριωδέστατα (thiriodéstata)
vocative
θηριωδέστατε (thiriodéstate)
θηριωδέστατη (thiriodéstati)
θηριωδέστατο (thiriodéstato)
θηριωδέστατοι (thiriodéstatoi)
θηριωδέστατες (thiriodéstates)
θηριωδέστατα (thiriodéstata) :

#### Coordinate terms

* άγριος (ágrios, “undomesticated, uncultivated, wild”)
* ζωώδης (zoódis, “animal like”)
* κτηνώδης (ktinódis, “animal like”)

#### Related terms

* see: θηρίο n (thirío, “wild animal, beast”)
# Cumberbatch
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Comberbach.

### Proper noun

Cumberbatch (plural Cumberbatches)
* A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Cumberbabe
* Cumberbaby
* Cumberbatchian
* Cumberbitch
* Cumberfan
* Cumbermania
* Cumberperson

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Cumberbatch is the 16376th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1758 individuals. Cumberbatch is most common among Black/African American (84.46%) individuals.

### Verb

Cumberbatch (third-person singular simple present Cumberbatches, present participle Cumberbatching, simple past and past participle Cumberbatched)
* (slang) To expose to actor Benedict Cumberbatch and/or his work.
** 2012 May 29, Victoria Kennedy, “OK, I get it now. Benedict Cumberbatch looked hot on the Bafta red carpet”, in Now:Add *those* topless pictures of him on the beach that we published in Now last week to the mix, and I think I'm starting to get where all you women who want to be Cumberbatched are coming from...
** 2012, Heather Croteau, "A Guide to Fall TV", Relevant, Issue 59, September/October 2012, page 32:
    Let's get the elephant in the room out of the way: If you're a die-hard Sherlock fan, you're probably not going to be enthusiastic about another Sherlock Holmes series. Once you've been Cumberbatched, you don't go back.
** 2013 July 28, Linda Barnard, “Toronto, prepare to get Cumberbatched: Benedict Cumberbatch in three TIFF films”, in Toronto Star:The Toronto International Film Festival is about to get Cumberbatched.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Cumberbatch”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 393.
# 椅子背儿
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 椅子背儿 – see 椅子背兒 (“back of a chair; backrest”). (This term is the simplified form of 椅子背兒).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# തിരണ്ടി
## Malayalam
### Alternative forms

തെരണ്ടി (teraṇṭi)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪iɾɐɳɖi/

### Noun

തിരണ്ടി • (tiraṇṭi)
* ray, cartilagenous fish belonging to the superorder Batoidea
    Synonym: തിരച്ചി (tiracci)

#### Derived terms

* കാക്കത്തിരണ്ടി (kākkattiraṇṭi)
* തിരണ്ടിസ്രാവ് (tiraṇṭisrāvŭ)

### References

* Gundert, Hermann (1872) “തിരണ്ടി”, in A Malayalam and English dictionary, Mangalore, London: C. Stolz; Trübner & Co.
* Warrier, M. I. (2008) “തിരണ്ടി”, in Malayalam-English Dictionary (in Malayalam), 22nd edition, Kottayam: DC Books
# גירה
## Hebrew

* Root
* ג־ר־ה (g-r-h)
* 1 term

### Verb

גירה / גֵּרָה • (gerá) (pi'el construction)
* to sexually stimulate, arouse, tease
* to irritate, agitate, annoy, frustrate
* (Talmudic) to egg on, to provoke to improper or violent behavior