# 組織
## Chinese
### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 組(そ)織(しき) (soshiki), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 組織／组织 (zǔzhī).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔzhī
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ ㄓ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^2$ zik$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chû-chṳt
    (Hailu, HRS): zu$^ˋ$ zhid
* Eastern Min (BUC): cū-cék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘-chit / cho͘-chit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^1$ zig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsu-tseq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔzhī → zǔzhi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ ㄓ → ㄗㄨˇ ˙ㄓ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔjhi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$-chih$^5$
*** Yale: dzǔ-jr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuu.jy
*** Palladius: цзучжи (czučži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ → /t͡su²¹⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^2$ zik$^1$
*** Yale: jóu jīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^2$ dzik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^2$ jig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû-chṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$ ziid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$ zid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴ t͡sɨt̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˋ$ zhid
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁵³ t͡ʃit⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cū-cék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo-tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofcid
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sit̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho͘-chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsoo-tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zocid
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sit̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^1$ zig$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu tsik
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³⁻²³ t͡sik̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsu-tseq
*** MiniDict: tsu$^去$ tseh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsu-tseq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡su³³ t͡səʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsuX tsyik
Rime :
| Character | 組 | 織 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 則古切 | 之翼切 |
| Baxter | tsuX | tsyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡so$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɔ$^X$/ | /cik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡so$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡su$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǔ | zhi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^2$ | zik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːʔ tjɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 織 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyik › |
| Old Chinese | /*tək/ |
| English | weave (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 組 | 織 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10399 | 17251 |
| Phonetic component | 且 | 戠 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 祖 | 職 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːʔ/ | /*tjɯɡ/ |

### Verb

組織
* to organize; to arrange
    組織活動／组织活动 ― zǔzhī huódòng ― to organize activities
* (Classical) to spin and weave fabric
* (Classical) to compose poetry

#### Synonyms

* (to organize):
* 佈局 / 布局 (bùjú)
* 位置 (wèizhì) (literary)
* 佈置 / 布置 (bùzhì)
* 分派 (fēnpài)
* 區劃 / 区划 (qūhuà) (literary)
* 安排 (ānpái)
* 安置 (ānzhì)
* 安頓 / 安顿 (āndùn)
* 打發 / 打发 (dǎfa)
* 排定 (páidìng)
* 措置 (cuòzhì)
* 提調 / 提调 (di$^2$ diau$^4$) (Xiang)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 施設 / 施设 (shīshè) (literary)
* 著落 / 着落 (literary)
* 設 / 设 (shè)
* 部署 (bùshǔ)
* 配備 / 配备 (pèibèi) (troops)
* 配列 (pèiliè)
* 鋪排 / 铺排 (pūpái)
* (to spin and weave fabric): 紡織／纺织 (fǎngzhī)

### Noun

組織
* organization (group of people with a purpose) (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    正規組織／正规组织 ― zhèngguī zǔzhī ― formal organization
    基層黨組織／基层党组织 ― jīcéng dǎng zǔzhī ― grass-roots party organization
    建立研究組織／建立研究组织 ― jiànlì yánjiū zǔzhī ― to establish a research organization
       Gāi zǔzhī yǐjīng chūtái le xiāngguān de zhǐdǎo wénjiàn. [Pinyin]
       The organization has issued relevant guidelines.
* (biology) tissue (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    淋巴組織／淋巴组织 ― línbā zǔzhī ― lymphatic tissue
    疤痕組織／疤痕组织 ― bāhén zǔzhī ― scar tissue

### Derived terms

* 世界貿易組織 / 世界贸易组织 (Shìjiè Màoyì Zǔzhī)
* 世衛組織 / 世卫组织 (Shìwèi Zǔzhī)
* 世貿組織 / 世贸组织 (shìmào zǔzhī)
* 北大西洋公約組織 / 北大西洋公约组织
* 國際組織 / 国际组织
* 國際貨幣基金組織 / 国际货币基金组织 (Guójì Huòbì Jījīn Zǔzhī)
* 恐怖組織 / 恐怖组织 (kǒngbù zǔzhī)
* 有組織 / 有组织 (yǒuzǔzhī)
* 無組織 / 无组织 (wúzǔzhī)
* 犯罪組織 / 犯罪组织 (fànzuì zǔzhī)
* 皮下組織 / 皮下组织 (píxià zǔzhī)
* 石油輸出國家組織 / 石油输出国家组织 (Shíyóu Shūchū Guójiā Zǔzhī)
* 石油輸出國組織 / 石油输出国组织 (Shíyóu Shūchūguó Zǔzhī)
* 組織上 / 组织上
* 組織培養 / 组织培养 (zǔzhī péiyǎng)
* 組織學 / 组织学 (zǔzhīxué)
* 組織性 / 组织性 (zǔzhīxìng)
* 組織液 / 组织液 (zǔzhīyè)
* 組織生活 / 组织生活
* 組織者 / 组织者 (zǔzhīzhě)
* 組織胺 / 组织胺 (zǔzhī'àn)
* 組織蛋白 / 组织蛋白 (zǔzhī dànbái)
* 組織關係 / 组织关系
* 結締組織 / 结缔组织 (jiédì zǔzhī)
* 經濟合作與發展組織 / 经济合作与发展组织 (Jīngjì Hézuò Yǔ Fāzhǎn Zǔzhī)
* 脂肪組織 / 脂肪组织 (zhīfáng zǔzhī)
* 軟組織 / 软组织 (ruǎnzǔzhī)
* 非政府組織 / 非政府组织 (fēizhèngfǔ zǔzhī)
* 非營利組織 / 非营利组织 (fēiyínglì zǔzhī)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 組 | 織 |
| そ Grade: 2 | しき Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 組織 (t͡suo$^X$ t͡ɕɨk̚, “to weave threads together; to form from smaller components”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そしき [sóꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞ɕi̥kʲi]

### Noun

組(そ)織(しき) • (soshiki)
* organization (a group of people with a purpose)
* system (a group of people)
* (biology) tissue (a group of similar cells that function together to do a specific job)

#### Derived terms

* 組織化(そしきか) (soshikika)
* 組織学(そしきがく) (soshikigaku)
* 組織者(そしきしゃ) (soshikisha)
* 組織犯罪(そしきはんざい) (soshikihanzai)
* 組織文化(そしきぶんか) (soshikibunka)
* 組織労働者(そしきろうどうしゃ) (soshikirōdōsha)
* 織物組織(おりものそひき) (orimonosohiki)
* 結合組織(けつごうそしき) (ketsugōsoshiki)
* 再組織(さいそしき) (saisoshiki)
* 脂肪組織(しぼうそしき) (shibōsoshiki)
* 自主防災組織(じしゅぼうさいそしき) (jishubōsaisoshiki)
* 柔組織(じゅうそしき) (jūsoshiki)
* 地下組織(ちかそしき) (chikasoshiki)
* 統括組織(とうかつそしき) (tōkatsusoshiki)
* 犯罪組織(はんざいそしき) (hanzaisoshiki)
* 非政府組織(ひせいふそしき) (hiseifusoshiki)
* 分裂組織(ぶんれつそしき) (bunretsusoshiki)
* 未組織(みそしき) (misoshiki)

### Verb

組(そ)織(しき)する • (soshiki suru) suru (stem 組(そ)織(しき)し (soshiki shi), past 組(そ)織(しき)した (soshiki shita))
* to organize something
** 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
    反政府勢力(はんせいふせいりょく)は、適法(てきほう)かつ信頼(しんらい)に足(た)る暫定評議会(ざんていひょうぎかい)を組織(そしき)した。
       Hanseifu seiryoku wa, tekihō katsu shinrai ni taru zantei hyōgikai o soshiki shita.
       The opposition has organized a legitimate and credible Interim Council.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 組織し | そしきし | soshiki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 組織し | そしきし | soshiki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 組織する | そしきする | soshiki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 組織する | そしきする | soshiki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 組織すれ | そしきすれ | soshiki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 組織せよ¹ 組織しろ² | そしきせよ¹ そしきしろ² | soshiki seyo¹ soshiki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 組織される | そしきされる | soshiki sareru |
| Causative | 組織させる 組織さす | そしきさせる そしきさす | soshiki saseru soshiki sasu |
| Potential | 組織できる | そしきできる | soshiki dekiru |
| Volitional | 組織しよう | そしきしよう | soshiki shiyō |
| Negative | 組織しない | そしきしない | soshiki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 組織せず | そしきせず | soshiki sezu |
| Formal | 組織します | そしきします | soshiki shimasu |
| Perfective | 組織した | そしきした | soshiki shita |
| Conjunctive | 組織して | そしきして | soshiki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 組織すれば | そしきすれば | soshiki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Descendants

* → Chinese: 組織 / 组织 (zǔzhī)
* → Korean: 조직 (jojik)
* → Vietnamese: tổ chức

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 組 | 織 |

### Noun

組織 • (jojik) (hangeul 조직)
* hanja form of 조직 (“organization (a group of people with a purpose)”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 組 | 織 |

### Noun

組織
* chữ Hán form of tổ chức (“organization((a group of people with a purpose))”).

### Verb

組織
* chữ Hán form of tổ chức (“to organize”).