# 申請
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēnqǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ ㄑㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ cing$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n-chhiáng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sin-chhéng / sin-chhiáⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^1$ cian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēnqǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ ㄑㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shencǐng
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$-chʻing$^3$
*** Yale: shēn-chǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenchiing
*** Palladius: шэньцин (šɛnʹcin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ cing$^2$
*** Yale: sān chíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ tsing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ qing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n-chhiáng
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˊ$ qiang$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^1$ qiang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴ t͡sʰi̯aŋ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-chhéng
*** Tâi-lô: sin-tshíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinzheang
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-chhiáⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sin-tshiánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinchviar
*** IPA (Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁴²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^1$ cian$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing tshiáⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩã⁵²/

### Verb

申請
* to apply for; to file for; to petition for
    申請破產／申请破产 ― shēnqǐng pòchǎn ― to file for bankruptcy
       shēnqǐng rùdǎng de jīběn tiáojiàn [Pinyin]
       basic requirements for applying for party membership
       Nǐ shēnqǐng xīn hùzhào shí, bìxū jiāochū jiù hùzhào. [Pinyin]
       You must hand over your old passport when applying for a new one.
       Wǒ dì yī cì shēnqǐng měiguó lǚyóu qiānzhèng bèi jùqiān le. [Pinyin]
       The first time I applied for a tourist visa for the United States I was rejected.

#### Related terms

* 報告／报告 (bàogào)
* 申報／申报 (shēnbào)

### Noun

申請
* application
    提出申請／提出申请 ― tíchū shēnqǐng ― to make an application
    遞交申請／递交申请 ― dìjiāo shēnqǐng ― to submit an application
    申請資格／申请资格 ― shēnqǐng zīgé ― eligibility for application
    申請要求／申请要求 ― shēnqǐng yāoqiú ― application requirements

### Derived terms

* 申請人 / 申请人 (shēnqǐngrén)
* 申請表 / 申请表 (shēnqǐngbiǎo)
* 申辦 / 申办 (shēnbàn)
* 申遺 / 申遗 (shēnyí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 申 | 請 |
| しん Grade: 3 | せい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんせー [shìńséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɰ̃se̞ː]

### Noun

申(しん)請(せい) • (shinsei)
* application

### Verb

申(しん)請(せい)する • (shinsei suru) suru (stem 申(しん)請(せい)し (shinsei shi), past 申(しん)請(せい)した (shinsei shita))
* apply

#### Usage notes

* 申請 is used when applying for something that the applicant needs or wants, such as a passport, visa, or club membership, while 応募 is used when applying to something, such as a job, university program, or a reality show. 申請 has a connotation that the applicant needs or wants something, whereas the other side has no inherent interest in the matter, while 応募 implies that there is some amount of recruiting going on, and that the other side is actively looking for someone or something.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 申請し | しんせいし | shinsei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 申請し | しんせいし | shinsei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 申請する | しんせいする | shinsei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 申請する | しんせいする | shinsei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 申請すれ | しんせいすれ | shinsei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 申請せよ¹ 申請しろ² | しんせいせよ¹ しんせいしろ² | shinsei seyo¹ shinsei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 申請される | しんせいされる | shinsei sareru |
| Causative | 申請させる 申請さす | しんせいさせる しんせいさす | shinsei saseru shinsei sasu |
| Potential | 申請できる | しんせいできる | shinsei dekiru |
| Volitional | 申請しよう | しんせいしよう | shinsei shiyō |
| Negative | 申請しない | しんせいしない | shinsei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 申請せず | しんせいせず | shinsei sezu |
| Formal | 申請します | しんせいします | shinsei shimasu |
| Perfective | 申請した | しんせいした | shinsei shita |
| Conjunctive | 申請して | しんせいして | shinsei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 申請すれば | しんせいすれば | shinsei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “申請”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 申 | 請 |

### Noun

申請 • (sincheong) (hangeul 신청)
* hanja form of 신청 (“application”)