# 前後
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiánhòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^4$ hau$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhièn-heu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiên$^2$ hêu$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chêng-āu / chûiⁿ-ǎu / chiân-hō͘ / chiân-hiǒ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zoin$^5$ ao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiánhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciánhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$-hou$^4$
*** Yale: chyán-hòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanhow
*** Palladius: цяньхоу (cjanʹxou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^4$ hau$^6$
*** Yale: chìhn hauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^4$ hau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^4$ heo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɐu̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn-heu
*** Hakka Romanization System: qien$^ˇ$ heu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^2$ heu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qiên$^2$ hêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹ heu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-āu
*** Tâi-lô: tsîng-āu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeng'au
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ au³³/
*** IPA (Tainan): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ au³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ au³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² au²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûiⁿ-ǎu
*** Tâi-lô: tsuînn-ǎu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsiân-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cienho
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hiǒ
*** Tâi-lô: tsiân-hiǒ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hio²²/
* chêng-āu/chûiⁿ-ǎu - vernacular;
* chiân-hō͘/chiân-hiǒ - literary.

### Noun

前後
* front and rear; before and after

### Adverb

前後
* (of a point in or period of time) around; about
* from beginning to end
* continuously; one after another; bit by bit; in turn; successively; in succession

#### Synonyms

* (around):
* 上下 (shàngxià)
* 光景 (guāngjǐng)
* 參差 / 参差 (cēncī) (literary)
* 大抵 (dàdǐ)
* 大概 (dàgài)
* 大率 (dàshuài) (literary)
* 大約 / 大约 (dàyuē)
* 大約摸 / 大约摸 (dàyuēmō) (colloquial)
* 大約摸捉 / 大约摸捉 (Shanghainese)
* 大致 (dàzhì)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 模樣 / 模样
* 無慮 / 无虑 (wúlǜ) (literary)
* 約摸 / 约摸 (yuēmo)
* 約略 / 约略 (yuēlüè)
* (continuously):
* 一連 / 一连 (yīlián)
* 不斷 / 不断 (bùduàn)
* 先後 / 先后 (xiānhòu)
* 勿斷 / 勿断 ($^8$veq-doe) (Wu)
* 接連 / 接连 (jiēlián)
* 接連不斷 / 接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
* 沓沓 (Hokkien)
* 直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
* 紛紛 / 纷纷 (fēnfēn)
* 絡繹 / 络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
* 連 / 连
* 連紲 / 连绁 (Hokkien)
* 連續 / 连续 (liánxù)
* 連連 / 连连 (liánlián)
* 陸續 / 陆续 (lùxù)
* 陸陸續續 / 陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)

### Derived terms

* 前後矛盾 / 前后矛盾 (qiánhòumáodùn)
* 前後腳兒 / 前后脚儿 (qiánhòujiǎor)
* 前後院 / 前后院

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 前 | 後 |
| ぜん Grade: 2 | ご Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんご [zéꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

### Noun

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (zengo)
* front and behind
* right before and after
* consequences

#### Derived terms

* 前後関係(ぜんごかんけい) (zengokankei)

### Suffix

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (-zengo)
* about, around

#### Synonyms

* ぐらい (gurai)

### Verb

前(ぜん)後(ご)する • (zengo suru) suru (stem 前(ぜん)後(ご)し (zengo shi), past 前(ぜん)後(ご)した (zengo shita))
* to invert the order

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 前後し | ぜんごし | zengo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 前後し | ぜんごし | zengo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 前後する | ぜんごする | zengo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 前後する | ぜんごする | zengo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 前後すれ | ぜんごすれ | zengo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 前後せよ¹ 前後しろ² | ぜんごせよ¹ ぜんごしろ² | zengo seyo¹ zengo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 前後される | ぜんごされる | zengo sareru |
| Causative | 前後させる 前後さす | ぜんごさせる ぜんごさす | zengo saseru zengo sasu |
| Potential | 前後できる | ぜんごできる | zengo dekiru |
| Volitional | 前後しよう | ぜんごしよう | zengo shiyō |
| Negative | 前後しない | ぜんごしない | zengo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 前後せず | ぜんごせず | zengo sezu |
| Formal | 前後します | ぜんごします | zengo shimasu |
| Perfective | 前後した | ぜんごした | zengo shita |
| Conjunctive | 前後して | ぜんごして | zengo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 前後すれば | ぜんごすれば | zengo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN