# 聞こゆ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 聞
* き Grade: 2
* kun'yomi

### Etymology

⟨ki$_1$ka yu⟩ → ⟨ki$_1$ko$_2$yu⟩ → */kʲikəju/ → /kikoju/
From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami ひかーりん (hikaːrin) ～ しかーりん (ɕikaːriɴ), Okinawan ちくぃーゆん (tɕikwiːyuɴ), Miyako きぅかいいぅ (kɿkaiɿ). Classical form of Modern Japanese 聞こえる (kikoeru).
Derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (kiku, “to hear, listen”) kika + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).

### Verb

聞(き)こゆ • (kikoyu) intransitive $^†$nidan
* (archaic) to be heard
* (archaic) to be audible
* (archaic, humble) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Synonyms: 申す (mōsu), 申し上げる (mōshiageru)

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Continuative (連用形) | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Terminal (終止形) | 聞こゆ | きこゆ | kikoyu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 聞こゆる | きこゆる | kikoyuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 聞こゆれ | きこゆれ | kikoyure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 聞こえよ | きこえよ | kikoeyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 聞こえず | きこえず | kikoezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 聞こゆれど | きこゆれど | kikoyuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 聞こゆれば | きこゆれば | kikoyureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 聞こえば | きこえば | kikoeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 聞こえき | きこえき | kikoeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 聞こえけり | きこえけり | kikoekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 聞こえつ | きこえつ | kikoetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 聞こえぬ | きこえぬ | kikoenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 聞こえたり | きこえたり | kikoetari |
| Volitional | 聞こえむ | きこえむ | kikoemu |

#### Derived terms

* 聞(き)こえる (kikoeru, modern form)
* 聞(き)こえ (kikoe, continuative form)
* 聞(き)こえ合(あ)う (kikoeau)
* 聞(き)こえ出(い)づ (kikoeizu)
* 聞(き)こえ返(かえ)す (kikoekaesu)
* 聞(き)こえ通(かよ)う (kikoekayō)
* 聞(き)こえ交(か)わす (kikoekawasu)
* 聞(き)こえ言(ご)つ (kikoegotsu)
* 聞(き)こえ止(さ)す (kikoesasu)
* 聞(き)こえ遣(や)る (kikoeyaru)
* 事(こと)の聞(き)こえ (koto no kikoe)
* 取(と)り聞(き)こゆ (torikikoyu)
* 物(もの)聞(き)こゆ (monokikoyu)
* 鶏犬(けいけん)相(あい)聞(き)こゆ (keiken aikikoyu)
* 丸(まる)聞(ぎ)こえ (marugikoe)
* 物(も)の聞(のき)こえ (mono no kikoe)
* 世(よ)の聞(き)こゆ (yo no kikoyu)

#### Proverbs

* 鶴(つる)九皐(きゅうこう)に鳴(な)き声(こえ)天(てん)に聞(き)こゆ (tsuru kyūkō ni nakikoe ten ni kikoyu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (ki$_1$ku, “to hear, listen”) ki$_1$ka + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).

### Verb

聞こゆ (ki$_1$ko$_2$yu) (kana きこゆ)
* to be heard
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3438:, text here
    都武賀野尓須受我於等伎許由可牟思太能等能乃奈可知師登我里須良思母Tumugano$_1$ ni suzu ga oto$_2$ ki$_1$ko$_2$yu Kamusida no$_2$ to$_2$no$_2$ no$_2$ nakati si to$_2$gari sura simo(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Continuative (連用形) | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Terminal (終止形) | 聞こゆ | きこゆ | kikoyu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 聞こゆる | きこゆる | kikoyuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 聞こゆれ | きこゆれ | kikoyure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 聞こえよ | きこえよ | kikoeyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 聞こえず | きこえず | kikoezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 聞こゆれど | きこゆれど | kikoyuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 聞こゆれば | きこゆれば | kikoyureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 聞こえば | きこえば | kikoeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 聞こえき | きこえき | kikoeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 聞こえけり | きこえけり | kikoekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 聞こえつ | きこえつ | kikoetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 聞こえぬ | きこえぬ | kikoenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 聞こえたり | きこえたり | kikoetari |
| Volitional | 聞こえむ | きこえむ | kikoemu |

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 聞こゆ (kikoyu)