# 塗

| 塗 | U+5857, &#22615; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5857 |
| ← 塖 [U+5856] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塘 → [U+5858] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塗 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水木土 (EDG), four-corner 3810$_4$, composition ⿱涂土)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5338
* Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 474, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5857

## Chinese

* 塗姓

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rlaː, *l'aː) : phonetic 涂 (OC *l'aː, *l'a) + semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tú (tu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tou$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hu$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thù
* Eastern Min (BUC): dù / tù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tou$^2$ / dou$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thô͘ / thû / tô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tou$^5$ / tu$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): teu$^5$ / tu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$du
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tú
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tú
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$
*** Yale: tú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
*** Palladius: ту (tu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$
*** Yale: tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hu²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thù
*** Hakka Romanization System: tu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dù / tù
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵³/, /tʰu⁵³/
* dù - verb;
* tù - noun.
* Middle Chinese: du, drae
Rime :
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 同都切 | 宅加切 |
| Baxter | du | drae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duo/ | /ɖˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duo/ | /ɖᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /do/ | /ȡa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɔ/ | /ɖaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /do/ | /ȡa/ |
| Wang Li | /du/ | /ȡa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuo/ | /ȡʱa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tú | chá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^4$ | caa$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rlaː/, /*l'aː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tú | tú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ du › | ‹ du › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁa/ | /*lˁa/ |
| English | to plaster | road |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塗 | 塗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15751 | 15774 |
| Phonetic component | 余 | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𡨀 | 徒 |
| Old Chinese | /*rlaː/ | /*l'aː/ |
| Notes | 今作搽 | |

### Definitions

塗
* mud; shoal
* to daub; to smear; to apply; to paint; to plaster
    塗指甲／涂指甲 ― tú zhǐjia ― to paint nails
* to cross out; to blot out
* to scribble; to scrawl over
* Alternative form of 途 (tú, “road”)
    道聽塗說／道听涂说 ― dàotīngtúshuō ― rumours (literally, “listen to what people said along the road”)
* (Southern Min) earth; ground
    Alternative form: 土
* (alt. form 嵞, 峹) Used in 塗山／涂山 (Túshān).
* a surname

#### Usage notes

The surname 塗／涂 (Tú) is different from the surnames 涂 (Tú) and 凃 (Tú).

#### Synonyms

* (mud):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 塗, 泥 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 泥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 泥巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 泥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 泥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 泥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 泥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 泥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 泥巴, 泥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 泥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 泥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 泥巴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 泥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 泥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 泥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 泥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 泥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 泥, 爛泥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 泥巴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 泥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 泥巴 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 泥 |
| Gan | Jianning | 泥 |
| Gan | Taining | 泥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 泥 |
| Hakka | Pinghe (Jiufeng) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 泥 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 泥 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 泥 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 泥 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 泥 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 泥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 泥沙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 泥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 泥, 糊泥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 泥 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 泥 |
| Jin | Linhe | 泥 |
| Jin | Jining | 泥 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 泥 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 泥 |
| Jin | Handan | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 泥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 塗 GT |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 塗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 塗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 塗 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 泥 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 泥 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 泥 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 泥 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 泥 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 泥 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 泥 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 泥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 泥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爛泥, 爛糊泥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 爛泥, 爛污泥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 泥, 爛泥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 泥, 糊泥 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 泥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 泥巴 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 泥巴 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 泥巴 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 泥巴 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
* (earth):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 土 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 土 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 土 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 土 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 土, 土拉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 泥巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 土 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 泥, 泥巴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 泥, 爛泥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 土 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 土 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 土 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 土, 泥 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 泥 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 土, 泥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 泥巴, 土 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 泥 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 泥 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 泥 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 泥 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 泥 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 泥 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 泥, 那泥 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 泥 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 泥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 糊泥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 土 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 土 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 泥 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 泥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 塗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 塗 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 塗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 塗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 塗 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 泥 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 泥 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 泥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 泥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爛泥, 爛糊泥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 爛泥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 爛泥, 硬爛泥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 爛泥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 爛污泥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 淖泥, 爛泥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 糊泥, 泥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 泥巴 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 土 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 土 |

### Compounds

* 一塌糊塗 / 一塌糊涂
* 一敗塗地 / 一败涂地 (yībàitúdì)
* 一時糊塗 / 一时糊涂
* 三塗 / 三涂
* 中塗 / 中涂
* 信筆塗鴉 / 信笔涂鸦
* 半塗而罷 / 半涂而罢
* 困處泥塗 / 困处泥涂
* 坦塗 / 坦涂
* 塗乙 / 涂乙
* 塗刷 / 涂刷
* 塗地 / 涂地
* 塗寫 / 涂写 (túxiě)
* 塗層 / 涂层 (túcéng)
* 塗山 / 涂山 (Túshān)
* 塗抹 / 涂抹 (túmǒ)
* 塗抹詩書 / 涂抹诗书
* 塗改 / 涂改 (túgǎi)
* 塗料 / 涂料 (túliào)
* 塗潦 / 涂潦
* 塗澤 / 涂泽
* 塗炭 / 涂炭 (tútàn)
* 塗炭生民 / 涂炭生民
* 塗炭生靈 / 涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
* 塗粉 / 涂粉 (thô͘-hún) (Min Nan)
* 塗脂抹粉 / 涂脂抹粉
* 塗色 / 涂色 (túsè)
* 塗說 / 涂说
* 塗跤 / 涂跤 (thô͘-kha) (Min Nan)
* 塗金 / 涂金
* 塗附 / 涂附
* 塗飾 / 涂饰
* 塗鴉 / 涂鸦 (túyā)
* 塵飯塗羹 / 尘饭涂羹
* 孤塗 / 孤涂 (gūtú)
* 彈塗魚 / 弹涂鱼 (tántúyú)
* 彗氾畫塗 / 彗氾画涂
* 戒塗 / 戒涂 (jiètú)
* 披髮塗面 / 披发涂面
* 擿埴索塗 / 擿埴索涂
* 星點彈塗 / 星点弹涂
* 曳尾塗中 / 曳尾涂中
* 曳尾泥塗 / 曳尾泥涂
* 東塗西抹 / 东涂西抹
* 殊塗一致 / 殊涂一致
* 殊塗同會 / 殊涂同会
* 殊塗同歸 / 殊涂同归
* 殊塗同致 / 殊涂同致
* 民墜塗炭 / 民坠涂炭
* 民怨盈塗 / 民怨盈涂
* 民生塗炭 / 民生涂炭
* 泥塗 / 泥涂
* 海塗 / 海涂 (hǎitú)
* 湳塗 / 湳涂
* 烏塗 / 乌涂
* 烏塗水 / 乌涂水
* 生民塗炭 / 生民涂炭
* 生靈塗地 / 生灵涂地
* 生靈塗炭 / 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)
* 當塗 / 当涂 (Dāngtú)
* 糊塗 / 糊涂
* 糊塗帳 / 糊涂帐 (hútuzhàng)
* 糊塗蛋 / 糊涂蛋
* 糊塗蟲 / 糊涂虫
* 糊裡糊塗 / 糊里糊涂
* 糊里糊塗
* 老糊塗 / 老糊涂 (lǎohútú)
* 聰明一世，糊塗一時 / 聪明一世，糊涂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, hútú yīshí)
* 肝腦塗地 / 肝脑涂地 (gānnǎotúdì)
* 肝膽塗地 / 肝胆涂地
* 胡塗 / 胡涂
* 胡裡胡塗 / 胡里胡涂
* 脣如塗朱 / 唇如涂朱
* 脣若塗硃 / 唇若涂朱
* 脣若塗脂 / 唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
* 裝糊塗 / 装糊涂
* 豺狼當塗 / 豺狼当涂
* 道盡塗殫 / 道尽涂殚
* 道聽塗說 / 道听涂说 (dàotīngtúshuō)
* 隱形塗料 / 隐形涂料
* 雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙 / 鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟 (ke sái lo̍h thô͘, iā ū saⁿ chhùn ian) (Min Nan)
* 難得糊塗 / 难得糊涂
* 霑體塗足 / 沾体涂足

### Descendants

* → Thai: ทา (taa, “to smear; to paint”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* paint

#### Readings

* Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
* Kun: ぬる (nuru, 塗る, Jōyō)、どろ (doro, 塗)、まみれる (mamireru, 塗れる)

#### Compounds

* 塗(と)装(そう) (tosō)
* 塗(と)料(りょう) (toryō)
* 糊(こ)塗(と) (koto)

### Noun

塗(ぬり) • (nuri)
* Alternative spelling of 塗り

## Korean
### Hanja

塗 (eumhun 바를 도 (bareul do))
* hanja form of 도 (“smear, daub, apply, spread”)
* hanja form of 도 (“paint”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塗: Hán Nôm readings: đồ, đừ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.