# 護

| 護 | U+8B77, &#35703; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B77 |
| ← 譶 [U+8B76] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 譸 → [U+8B78] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the component above 蒦 is written with ⻀ (ram's horn component), which is the orthodox form found in the Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字 (Shuōwén Jiězì)) and Kangxi dictionary.
* In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing, 新字形), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the component above 蒦 is written with 艹 (grass radical).

### Han character

護 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+14 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 言+13 in mainland China and Japanese, 21 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 20 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿人水 (YRTOE), four-corner 0464$_7$, composition ⿰訁蒦)

#### Derived characters

* 𧅰

#### Related characters

* 护 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1184, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36038
* Dae Jaweon: page 1647, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4023, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8B77

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 護
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 檴 | *ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ |
| 鱯 | *ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷraːɡ |
| 護 | *ɢʷraːɡs |
| 頀 | *ɢʷraːɡs |
| 濩 | *ɢʷraːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ, *qʷraːɡ |
| 韄 | *ɢʷraːɡs |
| 鳠 | *ɢʷraːɡs |
| 擭 | *ɢʷaːɡs, *ɢʷaːɡ, *qʷraːɡ |
| 瓁 | *ŋɢʷaːɡ |
| 劐 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 穫 | *ɢʷaːɡ |
| 鑊 | *ɢʷaːɡ |
| 矆 | *qʰʷaɡ |
| 鸌 | *qʷaːɡ |
| 雘 | *qʷaːɡ |
| 蠖 | *qʷaːɡ |
| 臒 | *qʷaːɡ, *qʷaɡ |
| 嬳 | *qʷaːɡ, *qʷaɡ |
| 彠 | *qʷaɡ, *qʷraːɡ, *ɢʷraːɡ |
| 嚄 | *ɢʷraːɡ |
| 獲 | *ɢʷraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷraːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 蒦.

### Etymology

Likely cognate with Tibetan འགོགས་པ ('gogs pa, “to prevent; to avert; to repel”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hù (hu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): hū
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хў (hw, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fu$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vu$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fu
    (Hailu, HRS): fu$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hu$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): hô
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou$^5$ / ou$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hu$^6$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): wu$^6$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$wu / $^6$vu / $^6$ghou
** (Jinhua): $^6$u
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^5$ / fu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hù
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hù
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^4$
*** Yale: hù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: hū
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хў (hw, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^6$
*** Yale: wuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: fu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /vu³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /xu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hô
*** Sinological IPA : /hou²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔu²¹/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔu²¹/
* hou5 - literary;
* ou5 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: huH
Rime :
| Character | 護 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡誤切 |
| Baxter | huH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷraːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 護 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁak-s/ |
| English | protect |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 護 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5576 |
| Phonetic component | 蒦 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 護 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷraːɡs/ |

### Definitions

護
* to protect; to safeguard; to defend; to shelter
    保護環境／保护环境 ― bǎohù huánjìng ― to protect the environment
* to side with (someone); to take sides; to discriminate in favor of; to show prejudice (to a particular party)

#### Synonyms

* (to protect):
* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保庇 (Hokkien)
* 保護 / 保护 (bǎohù)
* 保障 (bǎozhàng)
* 堅持 / 坚持 (jiānchí)
* 掩護 / 掩护 (yǎnhù)
* 維持 / 维持 (wéichí)
* 維護 / 维护 (wéihù)
* 蔽護 / 蔽护 (bìhù) (literary)
* (to side with): 偏袒 (piāntǎn)

### Compounds

* 不護細行 / 不护细行
* 保護 / 保护 (bǎohù)
* 保護主義 / 保护主义 (bǎohù zhǔyì)
* 保護人 / 保护人
* 保護作物 / 保护作物
* 保護區 / 保护区 (bǎohùqū)
* 保護國 / 保护国 (bǎohùguó)
* 保護狀制 / 保护状制
* 保護管束 / 保护管束
* 保護級 / 保护级
* 保護色 / 保护色 (bǎohùsè)
* 保護貿易 / 保护贸易
* 保護關稅 / 保护关税 (bǎohù guānshuì)
* 保護食物 / 保护食物
* 保護鳥 / 保护鸟
* 修護 / 修护
* 偏護 / 偏护 (piānhù)
* 加護 / 加护 (jiāhù)
* 加護病房 / 加护病房 (jiāhù bìngfáng)
* 呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
* 回護 / 回护
* 外交庇護 / 外交庇护
* 大都護 / 大都护
* 守護 / 守护 (shǒuhù)
* 守護神 / 守护神 (shǒuhùshén)
* 官官相護 / 官官相护
* 家庭護理 / 家庭护理 (jiātíng hùlǐ)
* 將護 / 将护
* 導護 / 导护
* 庇護 / 庇护
* 庇護權 / 庇护权
* 強制辯護 / 强制辩护
* 愛護 / 爱护 (àihù)
* 戒護 / 戒护
* 打掩護 / 打掩护 (dǎyǎnhù)
* 招護 / 招护
* 掩護 / 掩护 (yǎnhù)
* 掩護射擊 / 掩护射击
* 掩護部隊 / 掩护部队
* 搭護 / 搭护
* 擁護 / 拥护 (yōnghù)
* 攝護腺 / 摄护腺 (shèhùxiàn)
* 政治庇護 / 政治庇护 (zhèngzhì bìhù)
* 救護 / 救护 (jiùhù)
* 救護站 / 救护站
* 救護車 / 救护车 (jiùhùchē)
* 普通護照 / 普通护照
* 更生保護 / 更生保护
* 核子防護 / 核子防护
* 照護 / 照护 (zhàohù)
* 特別護士 / 特别护士
* 環境保護 / 环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù)
* 監護 / 监护 (jiānhù)
* 監護人 / 监护人 (jiānhùrén)
* 直接保護 / 直接保护
* 看護 / 看护 (kānhù)
* 空中護航 / 空中护航
* 維護 / 维护 (wéihù)
* 耳護子 / 耳护子
* 自然保護 / 自然保护
* 衛護 / 卫护 (wèihù)
* 被保護國 / 被保护国
* 袒護 / 袒护 (tǎnhù)
* 觀護 / 观护
* 觀護人 / 观护人
* 觀護制度 / 观护制度
* 調護 / 调护 (tiáohù)
* 護于 (Hùyú)
* 護佐 / 护佐
* 護兵 / 护兵 (hùbīng)
* 護前 / 护前
* 護向 / 护向
* 護喪 / 护丧
* 護國佑民 / 护国佑民 (hùguóyòumín)
* 護國軍 / 护国军
* 護坡 / 护坡 (hùpō)
* 護坡工程 / 护坡工程
* 護城河 / 护城河 (hùchénghé)
* 護壁 / 护壁
* 護士 / 护士 (hùshì)
* 護士節 / 护士节
* 護士長 / 护士长 (hùshìzhǎng)
* 護套 / 护套
* 護官符 / 护官符
* 護封 / 护封
* 護庇 / 护庇
* 護從 / 护从 (hùcóng)
* 護心鏡 / 护心镜 (hùxīnjìng)
* 護手 / 护手
* 護持 / 护持
* 護日 / 护日
* 護書 / 护书
* 護月 / 护月
* 護槽 / 护槽
* 護欄 / 护栏 (hùlán)
* 護民官 / 护民官
* 護法 / 护法 (hùfǎ)
* 護法戰爭 / 护法战争
* 護炕 / 护炕
* 護照 / 护照 (hùzhào)
* 護犢子 / 护犊子
* 護理 / 护理 (hùlǐ)
* 護理師 / 护理师 (hùlǐshī)
* 護疼 / 护疼
* 護盤 / 护盘
* 護短 / 护短 (hùduǎn)
* 護票卡 / 护票卡
* 護禿兒 / 护秃儿
* 護符 / 护符 (hùfú)
* 護耳 / 护耳
* 護胸 / 护胸 (hùxiōng)
* 護腿 / 护腿 (hùtuǐ)
* 護膝 / 护膝 (hùxī)
* 護臂 / 护臂
* 護航 / 护航 (hùháng)
* 護花使者 / 护花使者
* 護衛 / 护卫 (hùwèi)
* 護衛艦 / 护卫舰 (hùwèijiàn)
* 護貝 / 护贝
* 護身 / 护身 (hùshēn)
* 護身物 / 护身物
* 護身符 / 护身符 (hùshēnfú)
* 護身龍 / 护身龙
* 護軌 / 护轨
* 護軍將軍 / 护军将军
* 護送 / 护送 (hùsòng)
* 護過飾非 / 护过饰非
* 護頭 / 护头
* 護養 / 护养 (hùyǎng)
* 護駕 / 护驾 (hùjià)
* 護髮素 / 护发素 (hùfàsù)
* 貿易保護 / 贸易保护
* 辯護 / 辩护 (biànhù)
* 辯護人 / 辩护人 (biànhùrén)
* 迴護 / 回护
* 遮護 / 遮护 (zhēhù)
* 都護 / 都护 (dūhù)
* 醫護 / 医护 (yīhù)
* 醫護人員 / 医护人员
* 關稅保護 / 关税保护
* 防護 / 防护 (fánghù)
* 防護團 / 防护团
* 防護林 / 防护林 (fánghùlín)
* 養護 / 养护

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* safeguard, protect

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: まもる (mamoru, 護る)
* Nanori: もり (mori)

#### Compounds

* 護(ご)衛(えい) (goei)
* 護(ご)岸(がん) (gogan)
* 護(ご)憲(けん) (goken)
* 護持(ごじ) (goji): defend and maintain
* 護(ご)身(しん) (goshin)
* 護(ご)身(しん)術(じゅつ) (goshinjutsu)
* 護(ご)送(そう) (gosō)
* 護符(ごふ) (gofu), 護(ご)身(しん)符(ふ) (goshinfu): amulet, talisman
* 護(ご)法(ほう) (gohō)
* 愛(あい)護(ご) (aigo): protection, kind treatment
* 看(かん)護(ご) (kango)
* 守(しゅ)護(ご) (shugo)
* 庇護(ひご) (higo)
* 保護(ほご) (hogo): protection
* 弁(べん)護(ご)士(し) (bengoshi): lawyer

### Proper noun

護(まもる) • (Mamoru)
* a male given name

#### Synonyms

* 仗

## Korean
### Hanja

護 • (ho) (hangeul 호)
protection, security

## Vietnamese
### Han character

護: Hán Nôm readings: hộ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.