# 瞼

| 瞼 | U+77BC, &#30652; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77BC |
| ← 瞻 [U+77BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞽 → [U+77BD] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 瞼 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𥇥 |
| Simplified | 睑 |

### Han character

瞼 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 月山人一人 (BUOMO), four-corner 6808$_6$, composition ⿰目僉)
* eyelid

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 819, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23744
* Dae Jaweon: page 1231, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2518, character 6
* Unihan data for U+77BC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 瞼
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gim$^2$ / lim$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiám
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gim$^2$ / lim$^4$
*** Yale: gím / lìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gim$^2$ / lim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gim$^2$ / lim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːm³⁵/, /liːm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám
*** Tâi-lô: kiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiarm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiam⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: kjemX
Rime :
| Character | 瞼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居奄切 |
| Baxter | kjemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kjɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gim$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kramʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10210 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檢 |
| Old Chinese | /*kramʔ/ |

### Definitions

瞼
* eyelid

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞼 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 眼瞼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 眼皮兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 眼皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 眼皮, 眼皮子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 眼皮兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 眼皮子, 眼皮兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 眼皮兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 眼泡兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 眼皮兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 眼皮兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼皮兒, 眼皮子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 眼皮子, 眼皮兒, 眼泡子, 眼泡兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 眼皮子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 眼皮子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼皮子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 眼皮子, 眼皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 眼皮子, 眼皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 眼皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 眼皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 眼皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 眼睛箍子, 眼睛箍, 眼睛皮子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 眼皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 眼皮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 眼皮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 眼睛皮子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 眼皮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 眼皮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 眼皮 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 眼皮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目珠皮, 目珠瞼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目珠皮, 目珠瞼 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目珠皮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目珠皮 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 目珠皮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 眼皮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 眼皮 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 眼泡皮 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 眼皮子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 目睭皮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 目皮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 目皮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 目睭皮 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 目睭皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 目睭皮, 蚶 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 目皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 目睭皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 目跤皮, 目蚶 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 目睭皮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 目睭皮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 目跤皮 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 目皮 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 眼皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 眼皮, 眼泡, 眼泡皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 眼脬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 眼泡皮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 眼皮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 眼皮兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 眼泡皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 眼皮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 眼睛皮子, 眼皮子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 眼皮子, 眼皮 |

### Compounds

* 眼瞼 / 眼睑 (yǎnjiǎn)
* 瞼腺炎 / 睑腺炎

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𥇥 |
| Kyūjitai | 瞼 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𥇥)
* eyelid

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
* Kun: まぶた (mabuta, 瞼)、まなぶた (manabuta, 瞼)

#### Compounds

* 花瞼(かけん) (kaken)
* 眼瞼(がんけん) (ganken): eyelid
* 眼瞼縁炎(がんけんえんえん) (ganken'en'en)
* 眼瞼閉鎖反射(がんけんへいさはんしゃ) (ganken heisa hansha)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 瞼
* まぶた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 目蓋 眼蓋 眼ぶた
Compound of 目 (ma, “eye”, ancient combining form of modern reading me) +‎ 蓋 (futa, “lid”). The futa changes to buta as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まぶた [máꜜbùtà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ma̠bɯ̟ta̠]

#### Noun

瞼(まぶた) • (mabuta)
* (anatomy) eyelid
* (figuratively) memory

##### Derived terms

* 一重瞼(ひとえまぶた) (hitoe mabuta)
* 二重瞼(ふたえまぶた) (futae mabuta)

##### Idioms

* 瞼が重い (mabuta ga omoi): “eyelids are heavy” → to be sleepy
* 瞼(まぶた)の母(はは) (mabuta no haha): “eyelid mother, mother [in, behind] one's eyelids” → the memory of one's mother
* 瞼に浮かぶ (mabuta ni ukabu): “to rise up [behind] one's eyelids” → to come to mind
* 瞼に残る (mabuta ni nokoru): “to remain in one's eyelids” → to remain in memory, to live on in one's mind

##### Synonyms

* (eyelid): 眼瞼(がんけん) (ganken)
* (memory): 記憶(きおく) (kioku), 覚(おぼ)え (oboe), 物覚(ものおぼ)え (monooboe)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 瞼
* まなぶた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE. Derived as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”, ancient combining form of modern reading me) +‎ な (na, old variant of possessive particle の no) +‎ 蓋 (futa, “lid”). The futa changes to buta as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠na̠bɯ̟ta̠]

#### Noun

瞼(まなぶた) • (manabuta)
* (anatomy, archaic, possibly obsolete) eyelid

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瞼 (MC kjemX). Recorded as Middle Korean 검〯 (kěm) (Yale: kem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 瞼 (eumhun 눈꺼풀 검 (nunkkeopul geom))
* hanja form of 검 (“(anatomy) eyelid”)

#### Compounds

* 검구유착 (瞼球癒着, geomguyuchak)
* 안검 (眼瞼, an'geom)
* 안검염 (眼瞼炎, an'geomyeom)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞼: Hán Nôm readings: lim, kiểm, kèm, kẻm, liễm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation