# drench
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /dɹɛnt͡ʃ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛntʃ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English drench, drenche (“beverage, drink; cup of drink, specifically a poisoned drink; medicinal potion, specifically an emetic (?)”) [and other forms], from Old English drenċ (“drink; draft, potion; dose (of medicine, poison, etc.)”), from Proto-West Germanic *dranki, from Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“drink; potion; dose”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to draw, pull; to gulp; to sip”). Doublet of drink (noun).
* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌺 (draggk), 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺 (dragk, “beverage, drink”)
* Old Dutch *dranc, (Middle Dutch dranc, modern Dutch drank (“beverage, drink”))
* Old High German tranc, tranch (Middle High German tranc, modern German Trank (“drink; potion”))
* Old Saxon dranc

#### Noun

drench (plural drenches)
* (archaic, also figurative) A dose or draught of liquid medicine (especially one causing sleepiness) taken by a person; specifically, a (large) dose, or one forced or poured down the throat.
** 1641, [John Milton], Animadversions upon the Remonstrants Defence against Smectymnuus, London: […] [Richard Oulton and Gregory Dexter] for Thomas Vnderhill, […], →OCLC, page 20:[T]hey need not carry ſuch an unvvorthy ſuſpicion over the Preachers of Gods vvord, as to tutor their unſoundneſſe vvith the Abcie of a Liturgy, or to diet their ignorance, and vvant of care, vvith the limited draught of a Mattin, and even ſong drench.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 73–77:Let ſuch bethink them, if the ſleepy drench / Of that forgetful Lake benumme not ſtill, / That in our proper motion we aſcend / Up to our native ſeat: deſcent and fall / To us is adverſe.
** 1860, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “We Return to Unyanyembe”, in The Lake Regions of Central Africa: A Picture of Exploration […], volume II, London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, →OCLC, page 182:Corpulence is a beauty: girls are fattened to a vast bulk by drenches of curds and cream thickened with flour, and are duly disciplined when they refuse.
** 1868, Robert Browning, “II. Half-Rome.”, in The Ring and the Book. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., →OCLC, page 124, lines 952–954:Guido heard all, swore the befitting oaths, / Shook off the relics of his poison-drench, / Got horse, was fairly started in pursuit […]
** 1899 October, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter III, in Christian Science […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published February 1907, →OCLC, book I, page 28:He [the horse-doctor] made up a bucket of bran-mash, and said a dipperful of it every two hours, alternated with a drench with turpentine and axle-grease in it, would either knock my ailments out of men in twenty-four hours, or so interest me in other ways as to make me forget they were on the premises. […] I took up the Christian Science book and read half of it, then took a dipperful of drench and read the other half.
* (veterinary medicine) A dose or draught of liquid medicine administered to an animal.
** c. 1597 (date written),, The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], signature D3, recto:O my ſvveet Harry ſaies ſhe! hovv manie haſt thou kild to day? Giue my roane horſe a drench (ſayes hee) and aunſvveres ſome foureteene, an houre after: a trifle, a trifle.
** 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XX.] Of the Serpentine Cucumber, Called otherwise the Wandering Cucumber: Also of the Garden Cucumbers, Melons or Pompions.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 41:It [siler] ſtaieth the gurrie or running out of the belly in foure-footed beaſts, vvhether it bee given ſtamped by vvay of a drench and ſo injected, or chevved drie among their meat vvith ſalt.
** 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 119:A Drench of VVine has vvith ſucceſs been us'd; / And through a Horn, the gen'rous Juice infus'd: / VVhich timely taken op'd his cloſing Javvs; / But, if too late, the Patient's [a horse's] death did cauſe.

##### Derived terms

* horse-drench

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

The verb is derived from Middle English drenchen, drench (“to drown; to flood, inundate; to consume (drink or food); to give (someone) a drink; to poison (someone) with a drink; to immerse, soak, drench; to descend, fall, sink; to penetrate, permeate; (figurative) to engulf, overwhelm”) [and other forms], from Old English drenċan (“to give (someone) a drink; to immerse, soak, drench”), from Proto-West Germanic *drankijan, from Proto-Germanic *drankijaną (“to cause (someone) to drink”), the causative of *drinkaną (“to drink”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to draw, pull; to gulp; to sip”). Doublet of drink (verb).
The noun is derived from the verb (sense 1.2).
* Old High German trenchen (modern German tränken (“to give a drink; to water”))
* Old Norse drekkja, drenkja (Swedish dränka)
* Old Saxon dręnkian (Dutch drenke (“to get a drink”))

#### Verb

drench (third-person singular simple present drenches, present participle drenching, simple past and past participle drenched)
* (transitive)
** To cause (someone) to drink; to provide (someone) with a drink.
    Coordinate term: feed
*** 1756 February 3 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Englishman Return’d from Paris, Being the Sequel to The Englishman in Paris. A Farce […], London: […] Paul Vaillant, […], published 1756, →OCLC, Act I, page 27:Pork ſucceeds to Beef, Pies to Puddings: The Cloth is remov'd, Madam, drench'd vvith a Bumper, drops a Courtſey, and departs; […]
*** 1806 May, “Private Theatricals. King’s Bench, Feb. 17. Duchaliot, Assignee of Delpini, v. Lord Barrymore.”, in The Sporting Magazine; or Monthly Calendar of the Transactions of the Turf, the Chase, and Every Other Diversion Interesting to the Man of Pleasure, Enterprise, and Spirit, volume 28, London: […] W. M‘Dowall, […] and sold by J[ohn] Wheble, […], →OCLC, page 80, column 2:But music alone, would not do—Some roast-beef was a necessary article, and some wine, to feed and drench the actors.
*** 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth. The Court.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XXII, page 274:A stranger maiden, passing fair, / Had drenched him with a beverage rare;— […]
*** 1809 November 2, W[illia]m Cobbett, “To William Bosville, Esq.”, in Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, volume XVI, number 18, London: […] T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, […] [for] Richard Bagshaw, […], published 1809 November 4, →OCLC, columns 642–643:If the people felt themselves so happy; if they had enjoyed, and were enjoying, such prosperity as to call for a Jubilee, they would, of course, rejoice, they would sing and dance and shout, without being fed and drenched by way of hire to sing, dance, and shout.
*** 1921, Immanuel ben Solomon Romi, chapter XII, in Hermann Gollancz, transl., Tophet and Eden (Hell and Paradise): In Imitation of Dante’s Inferno and Paradiso, […], London: University of London Press, […], →OCLC, page 35:Strange that such a cursing wretch should not have laid to heart, that those God's hand will sure undo, who cause their parents wounded heart to smart, whose blood and marrow fed and drenched them, and of whom they form a part.
*** (specifically, veterinary medicine) To administer a dose or draught of liquid medicine to (an animal), often by force.
** To make (someone or something) completely wet by having water or some other liquid fall or thrown on them or it; to saturate, to soak; also (archaic), to make (someone or something) completely wet by immersing in water or some other liquid; to soak, to steep.
    Synonym: (archaic) bedrench
*** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 6, column 2:That our Garments being (as they were) drencht in the Sea, hold notwithſtanding their freſhneſſe and gloſſes, being rather new dy'de then ſtain'd with ſalte water.
*** 1641 September 17 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Hall, “A Sermon Preacht in the Cathedral at Exceter, upon the Solemn Day Appointed for the Celebration of the Pacification betwixt the Two Kingdoms. Viz. Septemb. 7. 1641 [Julian calendar].”, in The Shaking of the Olive-Tree. The Remaining Works of that Incomparable Prelate Joseph Hall, D.D. […], London: […] J. Cadwel for J[ohn] Crooke, […], published 1660, →OCLC, page 53:Deſolations by vvarrs; hovv many fields have been drencht vvith blood, and compoſted vvith carcaſſes; hovv many Millions of men have been cut off in all ages by the edge of the ſvvord?
*** 1697, Virgil, “The Third Pastoral. Or, Palæmon.”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 16, lines 171–172:Novv dam the Ditches, and the Floods reſtrain: / Their moiſture has already drench'd the Plain.
*** 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 116, lines 680–682:Good Shepherds after ſheering, drench their Sheep, / And their Flocks Father (forc'd from high to leap) / Svvims dovvn the Stream, and plunges in the Deep.
*** [1716], [John] Gay, “Book II. Of Walking the Streets by Day.”, in Trivia: Or, The Art of Walking the Streets of London, London: […] Bernard Lintott, […], →OCLC, page 46:I've ſeen a Beau, in ſome ill-fated hour, / VVhen o'er the Stones choak'd Kennels ſvvell the Shovv'r, / In gilded Chariot loll; he vvith Diſdain, / Vievvs ſpatter'd Paſſengers, all drench'd in Rain; […]
*** 1719 March 18 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Edward Young, Busiris, King of Egypt. A Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1719, →OCLC, Act V, page 61:I'll drench my Svvord in thy deteſted Blood, / Or ſoon make thee Immortal by my ovvn.
*** 1805, John Mason Good, “Book the First”, in Titus Lucretius Carus, translated by John Mason Good, The Nature of Things: A Didactic Poem. […], volume I, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC, footnote, page 59:Thou [God] visitest the earth, and waterest it; / Thou abundantly enrichest it / With the 'dewy' stream of God, replete with water. / Thou preparest, and fittest it for corn: / Thou drenchest its furrows; its clods thou dissolvest; / Thou mellowest it with showers; thou blessest its increase; […]A version of Psalm 65:9–10 from the Bible.
*** 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Sixth. The Battle.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XXIX, page 359:With that, straight up the hill there rode / Two horsemen drenched with gore, / And in their arms, a helpless load, / A wounded knight they bore.
*** 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “A Dream of Fair Women”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza XXV, page 128:I knew the flowers, I knew the leaves, I knew / The tearful glimmer of the languid dawn / On those long, rank, dark woodwalks drenched in dew, / Leading from lawn to lawn.
*** 1858 September 24, Alfred B[illings] Street, “Poem, Delivered on Laying the Corner-stone of the New York State Inebriate Asylum, at Binghamton, September 24, 1858”, in The Poems of Alfred B. Street. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton, […], published 1867, →OCLC, page 53:War! thy wild chariot rolls o'er piles of the slain, / Thou drenchest empires in thy crimson rain!
*** 1917, A. E. Semeonoff, H. J. W. Tillyard, “Notes: Pushkin”, in Russian Poetry Reader […], London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Co., →OCLC, note 5, page 33:Thou re-echoedst a mysterious roar, and drenchedst the thirsty earth with rain.A translation of lines 7 and 8 of Alexander Pushkin’s poem “Ту́ча” (“The Cloud”).
** (obsolete) To drown (someone).
    Synonyms: (obsolete) endrench, (obsolete) indrench
*** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 49, page 270:VVhat flames (q[uo]d he) vvhen I thee preſent ſee, / In daunger rather to be drent, then brent?
*** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 61, page 288:He lookt a little further, and eſpyde / Another vvretch, vvhoſe carcas deepe vvas drent / VVithin the riuer, vvhich the ſame did hyde: […]
*** 1626, Ovid, “The Eighth Booke”, in George Sandys, transl., Ovid’s Metamorphosis Englished […], London: […] William Stansby, →OCLC, page 165:Her, vvhom his furie hath from earth exil'd, / And in the ſtrangling vvaters drencht his child; […]
** (obsolete, figurative) To overwhelm (someone); to drown, to engulf.
* (intransitive, obsolete) To be drowned; also, to be immersed in water.
** a. 1548 (date written), [Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey], “Complaint of the Absence of Her Louer Being vpon the Sea”, in Songes and Sonettes, London: […] Richard Tottel, published 10 August 1557 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, folios 8, recto – 8, verso:Alas, now drencheth my ſwete fo, / That with the ſpoyle of my hart did go, / And left me but (alas) why did he ſo?

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) drench | (to) drench |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | drench | drenched, drencht$^†$ |
| 2nd-person singular | drench, drenchest$^†$ | drenched, drenchedst$^†$, drencht$^†$ |
| 3rd-person singular | drenches, drencheth$^†$ | drenched, drencht$^†$ |
| plural | drench | drenched, drencht$^†$ |
| subjunctive | drench | drenched, drencht$^†$ |
| imperative | drench | — |
| participles | drenching | drenched, drencht$^†$ |
$^†$Archaic or obsolete.

##### Derived terms

* endrench, indrench (obsolete)
* sun-drenched

##### Related terms

* bedrench (archaic)
* bedrink
* drenched (adjective)
* drencher
* drenching (adjective, noun)
* drinkle
* fordrench (obsolete)
* overdrench

##### Translations
#### Noun

drench (plural drenches)
* An act of making someone or something completely wet; a soak or soaking, a wetting.
** 1850, Robert Browning, “Christmas-Eve. Stanza III.”, in Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day. A Poem, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 10:Whenever it was the thought first struck him / How Death, at unawares, might duck him / Deeper than the grave, and quench / The gin-shop's light in Hell's grim drench […]
* An amount of water or some other liquid that will make someone or something completely wet.

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “drench(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ Compare “drench, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “drench, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “drenchen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ Compare “drench, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2023; “drench, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* drench (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “drench”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Old English
### Noun

drench m
* Alternative form of dreng

### Further reading

* Alexander M[ansfield] Burrill (1850–1851) “DRENCH”, in A New Law Dictionary and Glossary: […], volume (please specify |part= or |volume=I or II), New York, N.Y.: John S. Voorhies, […], →OCLC.