# dolor
## English
### Noun

dolor (countable and uncountable, plural dolors)
* (American spelling) Alternative spelling of dolour
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 38, page 455:Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 293, column 2:But for all this thou ſhalt haue as many Dolors for thy Daughters, as thou canſt tell in a yeare.
** 1986, Rosemarie Tong, Ethics in Policy Analysis (Occupational Ethics Series), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, →ISBN, page 16:Supposedly, utilitarians are able to add and subtract hedons (units of pleasure) and dolors (units of pain) without any signs of cognitive or affective distress […]

#### Derived terms

* dolorifuge

### Anagrams

* drool, loord

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin dolor, dolōrem.

### Noun

dolor m (plural dolores)
* pain

#### Related terms

* doler

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dolōrem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [duˈlo]
* IPA: (Balearic) [doˈlo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [doˈloɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -o(ɾ)

### Noun

dolor m or (archaic, regional or poetic) f (plural dolors)
* pain of a continuing nature, especially that of rheumatism
* sorrow or grief of a continuing nature

#### Derived terms

* adolorar
* adolorir
* dolor reumàtic
* dolorada
* Dolors

#### Related terms

* doler, doldre (verb)
* dolorós (adjective)

### References

* “dolor” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish dolor (“pain”).

### Noun

dolor
* pain; ache

## Ladino
### Etymology

From Old Spanish dolor, from Latin dolor, dolōrem.

### Noun

dolor f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling דולור)
* pain

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dolōs, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to hew, to split”, verbal root).
By surface analysis, doleō +‎ -or.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈdo.lor/, [ˈd̪ɔɫ̪ɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈdo.lor/, [ˈd̪ɔːlor]

### Noun

dolor m (genitive dolōris); third declension
* pain, ache, hurt
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.419–420:“Hunc ego sī potuī tantum spērāre dolōrem, / et perferre, soror, poterō.”[Dido speaks to Anna:] “Supposing that I was able to anticipate this much pain, my sister, so too I shall be able to endure it.” (In context, Dido's character is feeling a range of emotion: the pain of heartbreak, grief over lost love and losing an imagined future together, and anger toward her faithless lover Aeneas and the gods he said have ordered him to leave Carthage.)
* anguish, grief, sorrow
* indignation, resentment, anger, fury, vengeance

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* dolēns
* dolenter
* doleō
* prō dolor

#### Descendants

* Asturian: dolor
* Catalan: dol, dolor
* Calabrese: doluri
* → Proto-Brythonic: *dolʉr
** Welsh: dolur
* → English: dol
* Esperanto: doloro
* Old French: dolor m, dolur, dulor, dulur
** → English: dolour
** French: douleur f
* Friulian: dolôr
* Ido: doloro
* Istriot: dulur
* Italian: dolore m
* Neapolitan: dolore
* Old Occitan: dolor m or f
** Occitan: dolor
* Old Galician-Portuguese: door f
** Galician: dor f
** Portuguese: dor f (see there for further descendants)
* Romanian: duroare, dolor
* Romansch: dolur, dalur, dolour, dulur
* Sardinian: dolore, dabori, daori, dulori
* Sicilian: duluri, ruluri, diluri
* Spanish: dolor m
* Venetan: dolor, dołor

### References

* “dolor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “dolor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* dolor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. time will assuage his grief: dies dolorem mitigabit to soothe grief: consolari dolorem alicuius to feel pain: dolore affici to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re to feel acute pain: doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli to cause a person pain: dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere the pain is very severe: acer morsus doloris est (Tusc. 2. 22. 53) to find relief in tears: dolorem in lacrimas effundere to give way to grief: dolori indulgere grief has struck deep into his soul: dolor infixus animo haeret (Phil. 2. 26) to be wasted with grief; to die of grief: dolore confici, tabescere the pain grows less: dolores remittunt, relaxant to struggle against grief: dolori resistere to render insensible to pain: callum obducere dolori (Tusc. 2. 15. 36) I have become callous to all pain: animus meus ad dolorem obduruit (Fam. 2. 16. 1) to banish grief: dolorem abicere, deponere, depellere to free a person from his pain: dolorem alicui eripere (Att. 9. 6. 4) to my sorrow: cum magno meo dolore
* dolor in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* ↑ Meier-Brugger, Indo-European Linguistics

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* doulour (Mistralian)

### Etymology

From Old Occitan dolor, from Latin dolor, dolōrem (“pain, sorrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [duˈlu]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dolor m or f (plural dolors)
* pain

#### Related terms

* dòlre / dòler

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* dolur, dulor, dulur

### Etymology

From Latin dolor, dolōrem.

### Noun

dolor oblique singular, m (oblique plural dolors, nominative singular dolors, nominative plural dolor)
* pain; suffering

#### Related terms

* dolent
* dolerous
* doloir

#### Descendants

* → English: dolour
* French: douleur f

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin dolor, dolōrem.

### Noun

dolor m or f
* pain

#### Related terms

* doloros (adjective)

#### Descendants

* Occitan: dolor

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dolor.

### Noun

dolor m (uncountable)
* pain, ache

#### Declension
### References

* dolor in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish dolor, from Latin dolōrem (“pain; grief”), from Proto-Italic *dolōs, from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁ōs, derived from the root *delh₁- (“to split, divide”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doˈloɾ/ [d̪oˈloɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: do‧lor

### Noun

dolor m (plural dolores)
* pain, ache, aching soreness, tenderness (physical)
    dolores de crecimiento ― growing pains
    dolor de espalda ― backache
* grief
* sorrow, hurt, pain, suffering (emotional, mental)
* sore (in certain expressions)
    dolor de garganta ― sore throat
* heartache

#### Hyponyms

* dolor agudo (“acute pain, sharp pain”)
* dolor de cabeza
* dolor de espalda
* dolor de estómago
* dolor de garganta
* dolor de muelas (“toothache”)
* dolor de oído (“earache”)
* dolor de pecho, dolor en el pecho (“chest pain”)
* dolor en el culo (“pain in the ass”)
* dolor muscular (“muscle pain, muscle soreness”)
* dolores de crecimiento
* dolores de tiempo

#### Derived terms

* a dolor
* indoloro
* más malo que un dolor

#### Related terms

* adolecer
* adolorido
* doler
* dolido
* doliente
* dolorido
* doloroso

### Further reading

* “dolor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10