# dúr
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈduːr]
* Hyphenation: dúr
* Rhymes: -uːr

### Adjective

dúr (not comparable)
* (music) major
    dúr akkord ― major chord

#### Declension
### Noun

dúr (plural dúrok)
* (music) a major key or scale
    D-dúr ― D major

#### Derived terms

* A-dúr
* C-dúr
* D-dúr
* E-dúr
* F-dúr
* G-dúr
* H-dúr

### References

* ↑ dúr in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

### Further reading

* dúr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* dúr in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

### Anagrams

* rúd

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuːr/
* Rhymes: -uːr

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰew-r-, cognate with Russian дурь (durʹ), Ukrainian дур (dur), дура (dura). See dúra.

#### Noun

dúr m (genitive singular dúrs, nominative plural dúrar)
* nap (short period of sleep)
* a short break
* a short while

##### Related terms

* dúra

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Danish dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

#### Noun

dúr m (genitive singular dúrs, nominative plural dúrar)
* (music) a major key or scale
    Antonym: moll

##### Derived terms

* A-dúr
* As-dúr
* B-dúr
* C-dúr
* Ces-dúr
* Cís-dúr
* D-dúr
* Des-dúr
* E-dúr
* Es-dúr
* F-dúr
* Fís-dúr
* G-dúr
* Ges-dúr
* H-dúr

### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish dúr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠuːɾˠ/

### Adjective

dúr (genitive singular masculine dúir, genitive singular feminine dúire, plural dúra, comparative dúire)
* (literary) hard
** rigid, solid
** hardy, tough
** difficult
** hard to bear
** unfeeling
* dour, grim, obstinate
* dense, stupid
* sluggish

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* dúracht
* dúire

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dúr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “dúr”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 270
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dúr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle Irish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

### Adjective

dúr (comparative dúru, superlative duirem)
* rigid, hard, solid
* difficult
* hard to bear
* strict, austere
* hardy, resolute
* unfeeling, dour, obdurate

#### Descendants

* Irish: dúr
* Scottish Gaelic: dùr
* → Scots: dour
** → English: dour

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dúr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language