# lí
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of lí – see 你 (“you; your”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 你).
* For pronunciation and definitions of lí – see 李 (“plum; a surname”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 李).

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish lí, from Proto-Celtic *līwos. Cognate with Welsh lliw.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /l̠ʲiː/

#### Noun

lí f (genitive singular lí, nominative plural líocha)
* color, complexion
* lustre, sheen
    lí gréine ar an ngaineamh ― sun's brightness on the sand
* coloring-matter, pigment
* pigmentation

##### Derived terms

* gréisclí

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* lighe (obsolete)

#### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /l̠ʲiː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /l̠ʲiə/
* Homophone: lia (Ulster)

#### Noun

lí f (genitive singular lí)
* verbal noun of ligh
* licking
* fawning

#### Verb

lí
* present subjunctive analytic of ligh

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* li — nonstandard

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Romanization

lí (li$^2$, Zhuyin ㄌㄧˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 刕
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 剓
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 剺
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 劙
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 喱
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嚟
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 囄
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嫠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 孋 / 㛤
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 孷
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廲
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 悡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 摙 / 𫽁
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 攡 / 摛
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 斃 / 毙
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 杙
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 梨
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 梩
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 梸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 棃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 樆
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 氂 / 牦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 漓
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 漦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 灍 / 𫞝
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 灕 / 漓
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 牥
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犁, 犂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犛 / 牦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 狸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 琋
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瓈 / 璃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 睝
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 秙
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 穲
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 籬 / 篱
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 粍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 粚
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 糎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 縭 / 缡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 纗 / 𫄹
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 罹
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 艃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 莇
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 菞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蓠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蔾 / 藜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 薶
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 藜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蘺 / 蓠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蜊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蟍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蟰
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蠞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蠢
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 褵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 謧
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 貍 / 狸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 邌
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 酈 / 郦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 酶
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 醨
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 釁 / 衅
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 釐, 厘
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鋫
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 錅
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鏫
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鑗
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 離 / 离
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 霽 / 霁
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 騹 / 𬴆
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 驪 / 骊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 髣
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鯬 / 𫚞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鱺 / 鲡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵹 / 𱊃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鸝 / 鹂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 麖
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 黎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 黐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 黧
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㒿 / 𰖩
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㓯
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 浬

## Matagalpa
### Noun

lí
* water

### References

* Daniel G. Brinton, The Matagalpan Linguistic Stock of Central America, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 34 : 149 (December, 1895), pages 403-415, page 413

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* líi

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *līwos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /l͈ʲiː/

### Noun

lí f
* beauty, luster, brilliance, glory
** "Hail Brigit", from the Book of Leinster, published in Hail Brigit: an Old-Irish poem on the Hill of Alenn. ed. and trans. Kuno Meyer. Halle a.S., M. Niemeyer, 1912.
    Fodbae Feradaig, fó mind, [...] a brat líg, [...]The spoils of Feradach: a good diadem, [...], its shining robes...
* brightness, color
** c. 800, Stowe Missal, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, p. 250, lines 11-12
    Líi gréne fris·ben att, benith galar.The sun's brightness that heals the swelling, it will quell the disease.

#### Inflection

This noun possessed a peculiar declension. In the singular and dual, it was generally indeclinable in form, but its singular forms triggered mutations. But in the plural, it rather obviously inflected like a feminine ā-stem with an etymologically superfluous -g- in the stem.
Feminine ā-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | lí$^L$, lí$^N$ | lí$^L$ | líga$^H$ |
| Vocative | lí$^L$ | lí$^L$ | líga$^H$ |
| Accusative | lí$^N$ | lí$^L$ | líga$^H$ |
| Genitive | lí$^H$ | lí$^L$ | líg$^N$ |
| Dative | lí$^L$ | lígaib | lígaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* lígach (“beautiful, lustrous”)

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: lí
** Irish: lí

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*liwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 242

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* lý

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [li˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [lɪj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [lɪj˦˥]
* Homophone: Lí
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 理.

#### Noun

lí
* common sense
    hợp lí ― sensible
    có lí ― sound
    vô lí ― nonsensical
* sound and fair reasoning
    có lí có tình ― just; fair and square
* (colloquial, education) Clipping of vật lí (“physics”).

#### See also

* lí thuyết
* tâm lí
* địa (“geo”)
* hoá (“chem”)
* sử (“history”)
* văn (“literature”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 俚.

#### Noun

lí
* (music) a kind of folk song
    lí cây đa ― a lí song about the banyan tree

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 李 (“plum”).

#### Noun

(classifier cây, trái, quả) lí
* Syzygium jambos