# काम
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɑːm/, [kä̃ːm]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman). Doublet of कर्म (karm). Cognate with Punjabi ਕੱਮ (kamma), Assamese কাম (kam).

#### Noun

काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)
* work, task, labour
    Synonym: क्रिया (kriyā)
    मैं कारख़ाने में काम करता हूँ।ma͠i kārxāne mẽ kām kartā hū̃.I work at a factory.
* job, employment
    Synonyms: नौकरी (naukrī), रोज़गार (rozgār)
    आजकल मैं काम की तलाश कर रहा हूँ।ājkal ma͠i kām kī talāś kar rahā hū̃.These days I am looking for a job.
* function, purpose
    यह बक्सा मेज़ का काम देगा।yah baksā mez kā kām degā.This box will serve the function of a table.

##### Derived terms

* काम करना (kām karnā)
* काम आना (kām ānā)
* काम तमाम करना (kām tamām karnā, “to kill”)

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit काम (kāma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma.

#### Noun

काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)
* lust, sexual passion, desire
* (Hinduism) the god of love
    Synonym: कामदेव (kāmdev)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian کام (kām).

#### Noun

काम • (kām) m
* mouth
** 1797 – 1869, Ghalib :दाम-ए-हर-मौज में है हलक़ा-ए-सद-काम-ए-नहंग, देखें क्या गुज़रे है क़तरे पे गुहर होते तकdām-e-har-mauj mẽ hai halqā-e-sad-kām-e-nahaṅg, dekhẽ kyā guzre hai qatre pe guhar hote takIn snares of every wave there is a ring of hundred mouths of sea monsters it is to see what befalls the drop in becoming a pearl.

##### Related terms

* तल्ख़-काम (talx-kām)

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian کام (kām), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma. Doublet of काम (kām#Etymology_2).

#### Noun

काम • (kām) m
* desire

##### Related terms

* कामयाब (kāmyāb)
* कामयाबी (kāmyābī)
* तिश्ना-काम (tiśnā-kām)

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “काम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “काम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “काम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Konkani
### Noun

काम • (kām) n (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
* work, task
* job

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (kāma), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Doublet of कर्म (karma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kam/

### Noun

काम • (kām) n
* work, task
* job, occupation
    Synonym: नोकरी (nokrī)
* function, purpose

#### Derived terms

* काम करणे (kām karṇe, “to work”)
* कामगार (kāmgār, “worker”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “काम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “काम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “काम”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [käm]
* Phonetic Devanagari: काम्

### Noun

काम • (kām)
* work, act
* job, occupation
* lust, sexual passion, desire

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* kāma (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* কাম (Bengali script)
* කාම (Sinhalese script)
* ကာမ or ၵႃမ (Burmese script)
* กาม or กามะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩣᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ກາມ or ກາມະ (Lao script)
* កាម (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄂𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Noun

काम m
* Devanagari script form of kāma (“lust”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কাম (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
* কাম (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* ကာမ (Burmese script)
* કામ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಾಮ (Kannada script)
* កាម (Khmer script)
* ກາມ (Lao script)
* കാമ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
* କାମ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
* කාම (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
* காம (Tamil script)
* కామ (Telugu script)
* กาม (Thai script)
* ཀཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬨𐬀 (kāma, “desire”), Persian کام (kâm, “desire”). Wider cognates include Latin cārus, whence French cher and English charity, and English whore.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɑ́ː.mɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɑː.mɐ/

### Noun

काम • (kā́ma) stem, m
* wish, desire, longing
* love, affection, object of desire or of love or of pleasure
* pleasure, enjoyment
* love, especially sexual love or sensuality
* Love or Desire personified

#### Derived terms

* कामकाम (kāmakāma)
* कामकार (kāmakāra)
* कामकारतस् (kāmakāratas)
* कामकृत (kāmakṛta)
* कामगूण (kāmagūṇa)
* कामचार (kāmacāra, “free unrestrained action”)
* कामचारतस् (kāmacāratas, “according to one's inclination, voluntarily”)
* कामचारिन् (kāmacārin, “moving or acting at pleasure, without restraint”)
* कामज (kāmaja)
* कामद (kāmada, “giving what is wished, granting desires”)
* कामदहन (kāmadahana)
* कामदान (kāmadāna)
* कामदीहिनि (kāmadīhini)
* कामदेव (kāmadeva)
* कामधर्म (kāmadharma)
* कामधेनु (kāmadhenu)
* कामन (kāmana)
* कामना (kāmanā)
* कामबद्ध (kāmabaddha, “bound by love”)
* कामबल (kāmabala, “force of desire, sexual power”)
* कामबाण (kāmabāṇa, “arrow of the god of love”)
* कामबिन्दु (kāmabindu, “a 'wish-drop', anything dropped into the fire to procure the fulfilment of a wish, drop of melted butter”)
* कामभोग (kāmabhoga, “gratification of the desires, sensual gratification”)
* काममय (kāmamaya)
* काममर्दन (kāmamardana)
* काममिनी (kāmaminī)
* काममू्त
* काममोह (kāmamoha)
* कामम् (kāmam)
* कामलुब्ध (kāmalubdha)
* कामशास्त्र (kāmaśāstra, “a treatise on pleasure or sexual love”)
* कामसूत्र (kāmasūtra, “treatise on pleasure or sexual love by Vātsyāyana, the kāma·sūtra”)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: کٲم (kạ̄m)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (kāma)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਕਾਮ (kāma)
* Pali: kāma
** → Burmese: ကာမ (kama.)
** → Khmer: កាម (kaam)
** → Lao: ກາມ (kām)
** → Thai: กาม (gaam)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (kāma)
** >? Romani: kamel
* → Hindi: काम (kām)
* → Urdu: کام (kām)
* → English: kama
* → Japanese: カーマ (Kāma)
* → Lao: ກາມ (kām)
* → Thai: กาม (gaam)

### Proper noun

काम • (kāma) stem, m
* (Hinduism) Kamadeva, the god of love

#### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “काम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 252.
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “काम”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 343