# 棄

| 棄 | U+68C4, &#26820; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68C4 |
| ← 棃 [U+68C3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棅 → [U+68C5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8 in Chinese, 木+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜戈廿木 (YITD), four-corner 0090$_4$, composition ⿳𠫓丗木)

#### Derived characters

* 𠾍, 𣙆, 𮑒, 𭗦

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14913
* Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1237, character 7
* Unihan data for U+68C4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棄 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 子 (“child”) + 𠀠 (“basket”) + 廾 (“two hands”) - throwing out a child in a basket. 子 was often inverted as 𠫓.
In the oracle bone script form, 子 may appear with dots on either side of its head and body, perhaps representing amniotic fluid or dust.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hi / khi
* Eastern Min (BUC): ké
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ki$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$
*** Yale: hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi / khi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi / ki
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^4$ / ki$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/, /kʰi⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
*** Tâi-lô: khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ki$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi
*** MiniDict: chi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khjijH
Rime :
| Character | 棄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 詰利切 |
| Baxter | khjijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰjɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]i[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 棄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]i[t]-s/ |
| English | throw away, abandon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10171 |
| Phonetic component | 棄 |
| Rime group | 至 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 棄 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰlids/ |

### Definitions

棄
* to abandon; to discard; to reject
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不棄 / 不弃 (bùqì)
* 不棄糟糠 / 不弃糟糠 (bùqìzāokāng)
* 丟棄 / 丢弃 (diūqì)
* 丟盔棄甲 / 丢盔弃甲
* 人棄我取 / 人弃我取
* 前功皆棄 / 前功皆弃
* 前功盡棄 / 前功尽弃 (qiángōngjìnqì)
* 厭棄 / 厌弃 (yànqì)
* 吐棄 / 吐弃 (tǔqì)
* 唾棄 / 唾弃 (tuòqì)
* 噬指棄薪 / 噬指弃薪
* 天人共棄 / 天人共弃
* 如棄敝屣 / 如弃敝屣 (rúqìbìxǐ)
* 始亂終棄 / 始乱终弃 (shǐluànzhōngqì)
* 委棄 / 委弃
* 嫌棄 / 嫌弃 (xiánqì)
* 屏棄 / 屏弃 (bǐngqì)
* 帷蓋不棄 / 帷盖不弃
* 廢棄 / 废弃 (fèiqì)
* 廢棄物 / 废弃物
* 得新棄舊 / 得新弃旧
* 憐新棄舊 / 怜新弃旧
* 扔棄 / 扔弃 (rēngqì)
* 拋妻棄子 / 抛妻弃子 (pāoqīqìzǐ)
* 拋戈棄甲 / 抛戈弃甲
* 拚棄 / 拚弃
* 拋棄 / 抛弃 (pāoqì)
* 拋金棄鼓 / 抛金弃鼓
* 捐棄 / 捐弃 (juānqì)
* 捐棄成見 / 捐弃成见
* 捨棄 / 舍弃 (shěqì)
* 揚棄 / 扬弃 (yángqì)
* 撇棄 / 撇弃 (piēqì)
* 摒棄 / 摒弃 (bìngqì)
* 播棄 / 播弃
* 擯棄 / 摈弃 (bìnqì)
* 放棄 / 放弃 (fàngqì)
* 故舊不棄 / 故旧不弃 (gùjiùbùqì)
* 明棄暗取 / 明弃暗取
* 棄世 / 弃世 (qìshì)
* 棄之可惜 / 弃之可惜
* 棄井 / 弃井
* 棄保潛逃 / 弃保潜逃 (qìbǎoqiántáo)
* 棄兒 / 弃儿 (qì'ér)
* 棄厭 / 弃厌
* 棄取 / 弃取
* 棄大就小 / 弃大就小
* 棄如弁髦 / 弃如弁髦
* 棄婦 / 弃妇 (qìfù)
* 棄嫌 / 弃嫌 (qìxián)
* 棄嬰 / 弃婴 (qìyīng)
* 棄守 / 弃守 (qìshǒu)
* 棄官歸田 / 弃官归田
* 棄官歸鄉 / 弃官归乡 (qì guān guī xiāng)
* 棄市 / 弃市 (qìshì)
* 棄弓折箭 / 弃弓折箭
* 棄捐 / 弃捐
* 棄捨 / 弃舍
* 棄擲 / 弃掷
* 棄文就武 / 弃文就武
* 棄暗投明 / 弃暗投明 (qì'àntóumíng)
* 棄本逐末 / 弃本逐末
* 棄械 / 弃械 (qìxiè)
* 棄權 / 弃权 (qìquán)
* 棄武修文 / 弃武修文
* 棄武競文 / 弃武竞文
* 棄物 / 弃物
* 棄瑕取用 / 弃瑕取用
* 棄瑕錄用 / 弃瑕录用
* 棄璧負嬰 / 弃璧负婴
* 棄甲 / 弃甲
* 棄甲拋戈 / 弃甲抛戈
* 棄甲曳兵 / 弃甲曳兵
* 棄短取長 / 弃短取长
* 棄筆 / 弃笔
* 棄絕 / 弃绝 (qìjué)
* 棄置 / 弃置 (qìzhì)
* 棄義背理 / 弃义背理
* 棄背 / 弃背
* 棄舊圖新 / 弃旧图新 (qìjiùtúxīn)
* 棄舊憐新 / 弃旧怜新
* 棄舊換新 / 弃旧换新 (qìjiùhuànxīn)
* 棄若敝屣 / 弃若敝屣 (qìruòbìxǐ)
* 棄觚 / 弃觚
* 棄言 / 弃言
* 棄車保帥 / 弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
* 棄過圖新 / 弃过图新
* 棄邪從正 / 弃邪从正
* 棄邪歸正 / 弃邪归正
* 棄養 / 弃养 (qìyàng)
* 毀棄 / 毁弃
* 淪棄 / 沦弃
* 神怒人棄 / 神怒人弃
* 終軍棄繻 / 终军弃𦈡
* 絕仁棄義 / 绝仁弃义
* 絕聖棄智 / 绝圣弃智 (juéshèngqìzhì)
* 絕聖棄知 / 绝圣弃知
* 背信棄義 / 背信弃义 (bèixìnqìyì)
* 背棄 / 背弃 (bèiqì)
* 自暴自棄 / 自暴自弃 (zìbàozìqì)
* 自棄 / 自弃 (zìqì)
* 蔑棄 / 蔑弃
* 見棄 / 见弃 (jiànqì)
* 許由棄瓢 / 许由弃瓢
* 遐棄 / 遐弃
* 遺棄 / 遗弃 (yíqì)
* 遺棄罪 / 遗弃罪
* 遺珠棄璧 / 遗珠弃璧
* 鄙棄 / 鄙弃 (bǐqì)
* 離棄 / 离弃 (líqì)
* 黃鐘毀棄 / 黄钟毁弃
* 黃鐘長棄 / 黄钟长弃

### References

* “棄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* discard, throw out, throw away

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: すてる (suteru, 棄てる)

#### Compounds

* 放棄(ほうき) (hōki), 抛棄(ほうき) (hōki): abandonment, giving up; renunciation

## Korean
### Hanja

棄 (eumhun 버릴 기 (beoril gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“reject, abandon, discard”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棄: Hán Nôm readings: khí
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.