# सत्य
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá, “true; truth, reality”). Doublet of सच (sac), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sət̪.jᵊ/, [sɐt̪.jᵊ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

सत्य • (satya) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ستیہ)
* true, real
    Synonym: सच्चा (saccā)
    Antonyms: मिथ्या (mithyā), झूठा (jhūṭhā)
* sincere, honest, righteous
    Synonym: सच्चा (saccā)

#### Derived terms

* असत्य (asatya)
* सत्यवाद (satyavād)
* सत्याभास (satyābhās)

### Noun

सत्य • (satya) m (Urdu spelling ستیہ)
* truth
    Synonym: सच्चाई (saccāī)
    Antonyms: मिथ्या (mithyā), झूठ (jhūṭh)
* reality, actuality
    Synonyms: वास्तविकता (vāstaviktā), हक़ीक़त (haqīqat)
* sincerity, righteousness

#### Related terms

* सत्या f (satyā)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satyá)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sət̪.jə/

### Noun

सत्य • (satya) m
* truth
    Synonym: खरे (khare)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सत्य”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সত্য (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬢ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
* সত্য (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰝𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* သတျ (Burmese script)
* સત્ય (Gujarati script)
* ਸਤ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌤𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦠꦾ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂞𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಸತ್ಯ (Kannada script)
* សត្យ (Khmer script)
* ສຕ຺ຍ (Lao script)
* സത്യ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠᢠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘝𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᢐᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑦽𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐟𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
* ସତ୍ଯ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢡ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆠𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖝𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
* සත්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩫 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚙𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
* ஸத்ய (Tamil script)
* సత్య (Telugu script)
* สตฺย (Thai script)
* ས་ཏྱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒞𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨙𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás (“true”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ha$^i$θiia), Old Persian 𐏃𐏁𐎡𐎹 (h-š-i-y /⁠hašiya⁠/), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌹𐍃 (sunjis).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐt.jɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪ɐt̪.jɐ/

### Adjective

सत्य • (satyá)
* true, real, actual, genuine
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.22.01:य एक इद्धव्यश्चर्षणीनामिन्द्रं तं गीर्भिरभ्यर्च आभिः। यः पत्यते वृषभो वृष्ण्यावान्सत्यः सत्वा पुरुमायः सहस्वान्॥ya eka iddhavyaścarṣaṇīnāmindraṃ taṃ gīrbhirabhyarca ābhiḥ. yaḥ patyate vṛṣabho vṛṣṇyāvānsatyaḥ satvā purumāyaḥ sahasvān.WITH these my hymns I glorify that Indra who is alone to be invoked by mortals, The Lord, the Mighty One, of manly vigour, victorious, Hero, true, and full of wisdom.
* sincere, honest, truthful, faithful
* pure, virtuous, good
* successful, effectual, valid

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘 (saca)
** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘𑁆𑀘 (sacca)
*** Early Assamese: সঞ্চা (soñca)
**** Assamese: সঁচা (xõsa)
*** Bengali: সাঁচা (śãca), সাচ্চা (śacca)
*** Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠌꠣ (hasa)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘𑁆𑀘 (sacca)
*** Old Marathi: साच (sāca)
** Pali: sacca
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀘𑁆𑀘 (sacca)
*** Gujarati: સાચ (sāc)
*** Hindustani: sac
    Hindi: सच
    Urdu: سچ
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਚ (sacca)
    Shahmukhi script: سچ (sac)
*** Romani: ćaćo
* → Bengali: সত্য (śotto)
* → Hindi: सत्य (satya)
* → Kannada: ಸತ್ಯ (satya)
* → Khmer: សត្យ (sat), សត្យា (sattyaa)
* → Lao: ສັດ (sat)
* → Lü: ᦉᦈ (ṡṫs), ᦉᧆᦈ (ṡadṫs)
* → Malay: setia
** → Indonesian: setia
* → Malayalam: സത്യം (satyaṁ)
* → Marathi: सत्य (satya)
* → Punjabi: ਸਤਿ (sati)
* → Telugu: సత్యము (satyamu)
* → Thai: สัตย์ (sàt)
* → Tamil: சத்தியம் (cattiyam)

### Noun

सत्य • (satyá) stem, n
* truth
* reality

#### Derived terms

* सत्यकर्मन् (satyakarman, “one whose actions are true; sincerity in action”)
* सत्यक्रिया (satyakriyā, “a promise, oath”)
* सत्यघ्न (satyaghna, “breaking one's word”)
* सत्यजित् (satyajit, “truly victorious, conquering by truth”)
* सत्यदर्शिन् (satyadarśin, “truth-seeing, truth-discerning”)
* सत्यधर्म (satyadharma, “the law of truth”)
* सत्यबन्ध (satyabandha, “bound by the truth, truthful”)
* सत्यभाषण (satyabhāṣaṇa, “speaking of the truth”)
* सत्यभेदिन् (satyabhedin, “violating truth, promise-breaking”)
* सत्यम् (satyam, “truly, indeed, certainly, verily, yes”)
* सत्यलोक (satyaloka, “world of truth”)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “सत्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1135.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 690-691