OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# táirge
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish táirce, a variant form of táirciud, verbal noun of do·áirci (“causes, effects, induces, brings about; produces, brings forth; procures, gains, provides, supplies”) (modern táirg).

### Noun

táirge m (genitive singular táirge, nominative plural táirgí)
* product (commodity for sale)
* (chemistry) product (result of chemical reaction)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
táirge
táirgí
vocative
a tháirge
a tháirgí
genitive
táirge
táirgí
dative
táirge
táirgí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an táirge
na táirgí
genitive
an táirge
na dtáirgí
dative
leis an táirge don táirge
leis na táirgí :

#### Derived terms

* buntáirge m (“basic product”)
* fótatháirge m (“photoproduct”)
* fotháirge m, seachtháirge m (“byproduct”)
* príomhtháirge m (“main product, staple”)

#### Related terms

* táirg (“produce, manufacture”, transitive verb)
* táirgeach, táirgiúil (“productive”, adjective)
* táirgeoir m (“producer”)
* táirgiúlacht f (“productiveness, productivity”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “táirge”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Ó Dónaill, Niall, Ua Maoileoin, Pádraig (1991) “táirge”, in An Foclóir Beag (in Irish), Dublin: An Gúm
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tárcud, táirciud”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# αβανιά
## Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.vaˈɲa/

### Noun

αβανιά • (avaniá) f (plural αβανιές)
* defamation, slander
* (colloquial) false accusation

#### Antonyms

* κατηγορία f (katigoría, “accusation”)

#### Related terms

* αβανεύω (avanévo, “to defame”)
* αβανιάζω (avaniázo, “to defame”)
* αβανιάρης (avaniáris, “defamatory”)
# αβασίλευτος
## Greek
### Adjective

αβασίλευτος • (avasíleftos) m (feminine αβασίλευτη, neuter αβασίλευτο)
* not governed by a monarch, kingless, queenless
    αβασίλευτη δημοκρατία ― avasílefti dimokratía ― republic
* not set (of the sun, moon, etc)
    Εκεί βγαίνει ο ήλιος, ήλιος λαμπρός και αβασίλευτος.Ekeí vgaínei o ílios, ílios lamprós kai avasíleftos.Here comes the sun, a sun bright and unset.
* boundless
    αβασίλευτη δόξαavasílefti dóxaboundless glory

#### Derived terms

* αβασίλευτα (avasílefta, “in an ungoverned fashion”, adverb)
* βασιλιάς m (vasiliás, “king”)
# лякати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lękati. Equivalent to ляк (ljak) +‎ -а́ти (-áty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʲɐˈkate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ляка́ти • (ljakáty) impf (perfective зляка́ти)
* to scare, to frighten

#### Derived terms

* ляка́ння n (ljakánnja)
* ляка́тися impf (ljakátysja)
* виля́кувати impf (vyljákuvaty) (rare), ви́лякати pf (výljakaty)
* відля́кувати impf (vidljákuvaty), відляка́ти pf (vidljakáty)
* заля́кувати impf (zaljákuvaty), заляка́ти pf (zaljakáty)
* наля́кувати impf (naljákuvaty) (rare), наляка́ти pf (naljakáty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лякати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “лякати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “лякати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “лякати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# οικιακός
## Greek
### Etymology

From Koine Greek οἰκιακός (oikiakós), an adjectival formation from Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía). The modern sense of "domestic" is a semantic loan from French domestique.

### Adjective

οικιακός • (oikiakós) m (feminine οικιακή, neuter οικιακό)
* domestic
    οικιακή οικονομία (home economics)
    οικιακός βοηθός (domestic help)

#### Related terms

* and see: οικονομία f (oikonomía, “economics”)
* οικιακά f pl (oikiaká, “housework”)
* οικιακή οικονομία f (oikiakí oikonomía, “home economics”)
# гвинтівка
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* ґвинті́вка (gvyntívka)

### Etymology

From Polish gwintówka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦʋenʲˈtʲiu̯kɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

гвинті́вка • (hvyntívka) f inan (genitive гвинті́вки, nominative plural гвинті́вки, genitive plural гвинті́вок, relational adjective гвинті́вковий, diminutive гвинті́вочка)
* rifle

#### Derived terms

* автомати́чна гвинті́вка f (avtomatýčna hvyntívka)
* штурмова́ гвинті́вка f (šturmová hvyntívka)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гвинтівка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “гвинтівка”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “гвинтівка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “гвинтівка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ανθρακωρυχείο
## Greek
### Noun

ανθρακωρυχείο • (anthrakorycheío) n (plural ανθρακωρυχεία)
* coal mine, colliery, coal pit

#### Related terms

* and see: άνθρακας m (ánthrakas, “coal, carbon”)
* ανθρακωρύχος m (anthrakorýchos, “coal miner”)
# perspektivo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

Derived from Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”), from perspectus, the past participle of perspicere (“to inspect, look through”), itself from per- (“through”) + specere (“to look at”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [perspekˈtivo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ivo
* Hyphenation: pers‧pek‧ti‧vo

### Noun

perspektivo (accusative singular perspektivon, plural perspektivoj, accusative plural perspektivojn)
* perspective
    La mezepokaj pentristoj nesciis la perspektivon.Medieval painters did not know of perspective.
* outlook
    De tiu monteto oni ĝuas belan ridantan perspektivon.From that hill one enjoys a beautiful laughing outlook.
* (figuratively) prospect
    La nuna situacio prezentas vastajn perspektivojn kaj esperojn.The current situation presents broad prospects and hopes.

#### Derived terms

* perspektive
* senperspektiva

#### Descendants

* → Ido: perspektivo

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto perspektivo, English perspective, French perspective, German Perspektive, Russian перспектива (perspektiva), Spanish perspectiva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /perspekˈtivo/

### Noun

perspektivo (plural perspektivi)
* perspective
# 鱨

| 鱨 | U+9C68, &#40040; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C68 |
| ← 鱧 [U+9C67] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鱩 → [U+9C69] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鱨 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+14, 25 strokes, cangjie input 弓火火月日 (NFFBA), four-corner 2936$_1$, composition ⿰魚嘗)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1479, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46563
* Dae Jaweon: page 2011, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4718, character 18
* Unihan data for U+9C68

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鱨
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cháng (chang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong$^2$ / syeng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
*** Palladius: чан (čan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^4$
*** Yale: sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siòng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
*** Tâi-lô: siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/

### Definitions

鱨
* yellowhead catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco)
* bagrid; bagrid catfish
    Synonyms: 鮠 / 𬶏 (wéi), 鮰 / 𫚔 (huí)
** (～科) Bagridae (naked catfishes)
* Used in 毛鱨魚／毛鲿鱼 (“Megalonibea”).

### Compounds

* 毛鱨魚 / 毛鲿鱼
* 黃鱨魚 / 黄鲿鱼

### References

* “鱨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鲿”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 27.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しょう (shō)、じょう (jō)
* Kun: ぎぎ (gigi)
# απαντάω
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* απαντώ (apantó) (more formal variant)

### Etymology

Modern απαντώ (apantó) (from Ancient Greek ἀπαντῶ (apantô), contracted form of ἀπαντάω (apantáō, “to come, to meet”)) + modern suffix -άω (-áo)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.panˈda.o/
* Hyphenation: α‧πα‧ντά‧ω

### Verb

απαντάω • (apantáo) / απαντώ (past απάντησα, passive απαντιέμαι, p‑past απαντήθηκα, ppp απαντημένος) and 2nd passive απαντώμαι (apantómai) for απαντώ
* to reply, answer (in conversation, letter, email)
    Synonyms: ανταπαντώ (antapantó), (rare) αντιφωνώ (antifonó)
* to find (in a text) (mostly in the variant απαντώ (apantó))
    Αυτή η έκφραση απαντά μόνον σε κείμενα του 19ου αιώνα.Aftí i ékfrasi apantá mónon se keímena tou 19ou aióna.This expression is found only in 19th century texts.
    sometimes, passive voice is used with active meaning)

#### Related terms

* and see: απαντέχω (apantécho, “to wait, to expect”)
* απαντημένος (apantiménos, “replied, answered”, participle)
* απάντηση f (apántisi, “reply”)
* απαντητικός (apantitikós, “responsive”, adjective)
* απαντοχή f (apantochí, “hope, expectation”)
* παντοχή f (pantochí, “hope, expectation”)

### References

* ↑ απαντάω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# πλάνη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Back-formation from πλανάω (planáō, “to wander, to roam”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plá.nɛː/ → /ˈpla.ni/ → /ˈpla.ni/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /plá.nɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpla.ne̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpla.ni/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpla.ni/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpla.ni/

### Noun

πλᾰ́νη • (plắnē) f (genitive πλᾰ́νης); first declension
* wandering, roaming
    Synonym: ἄλη f (álē)
* discursive treatment
* (figuratively) going astray, error
* deceit, imposture

#### Inflection
### References

* “πλάνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πλάνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πλάνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpla.ni/
* Hyphenation: πλά‧νη

### Etymology 1

Ancient Greek πλάνη (plánē, “wandering, roaming; going astray”), from πλανάω (planáō, “to wander, to roam”).

#### Noun

πλάνη • (pláni) f (plural πλάνες)
* fallacy (erroneous opinion or belief)
    Synonyms: απάτη f (apáti), σφαλερότητα f (sfalerótita)
* (Eastern Orthodoxy) spiritual delusion, deception, conceit

##### See also

* πλανήτης m (planítis, “planet”)

### Etymology 2

Byzantine Greek, from Late Latin plāna, from Latin plānus (“flat, even, level”).

#### Alternative forms

* πλάνια (plánia)

#### Noun

πλάνη • (pláni) f (plural πλάνες)
* plane (woodworking tool)
    Synonyms: ροκάνι (rokáni), ρυκάνη (rykáni)
    Coordinate term: (colloquial - a sander) τριβίδι (trivídi)

##### Related terms

* απλάνιστος (aplánistos, “unplaned”)
* πλανίζω (planízo, “I plane”)

##### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: پلانیه (planya)
** Turkish: planya
# psḏw
## Egyptian
### Etymology

Compare Bidiyo pisiɗaŋ (“seven”).

### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /piˈsiːcʼaw/ → /piˈsiːtʼaw/ → /pəˈsiːtʼə/ → /pəˈsiːtʼ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /piˈsiːcʼaw/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /piˈsiːtʼaw/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /pəˈsiːtʼə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /pəˈsiːtʼ/; compare the cuneiform transcription 𒉿𒅆𒀉 (PI-ŠI-ID /⁠pišiṭ⁠/)
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /pɛsɛd͡ʒuː/
** Conventional anglicization: pesedju

### Numeral

* nine

#### Alternative forms

psḏw :
* 𒉿𒅆𒀉 (pi-ši-iṭ /⁠pisiṭ⁠/) (14th bce cuneiform)

#### Derived terms

* psḏntyw$^?$: new moon
* psḏt (“Ennead”)
* psḏt pḏt (“the Nine Bows”)

#### Descendants

* Coptic: ⲯⲓⲧ (psit)

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 37–38
# επιτυχία
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἐπιτυχία (epitukhía); by surface analysis, επι- (epi-, “over, above”) +‎ τύχη (týchi, “luck, fate”) +‎ -ία (-ía, “nominal suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.pi.tiˈçi.a/
* Hyphenation: ε‧πι‧τυ‧χί‧α

### Noun

επιτυχία • (epitychía) f (plural επιτυχίες)
* success
    Antonym: αποτυχία (apotychía)

#### Related terms

* ανεπιτυχής (anepitychís, “unsuccessful”)
* επιτυγχάνω (epityncháno, “to succeed, to accomplish”)
# wnwt
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /wVˈnaːwat/ → /wVˈnaːjaʔ/ → /wəˈnaːʔə/ → /wəˈnoːʔ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /wVˈnaːwat/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /wVˈnaːjaʔ/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /wəˈnaːʔə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /wəˈnoːʔ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /wɛnuːt/
** Conventional anglicization: wenut

### Noun

f
* (unequal) hour (one twelfth of the period of daylight or one twelfth of the period of night) [since the Pyramid Texts]
** c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 16: wnwt pw {pt}tpt nt grḥIt is the first hour of the night.
* nonspecific span of time; moment, time, hour
* hourly duties or service, work to be performed regularly [since the Old Kingdom]

#### Alternative forms

| wnwt | wnwt | wnwt | wnwt | wnwt |
| | | | | in the sense ‘duties’ |

#### Derived terms

* jmj wnwt (“astronomer”)
* m wnwt (“intermittently”)
* n wnwt (“in a moment”)
* šps wnwt bjnt (“to have a bad time”)

#### Descendants

* Demotic: wnwt
** Coptic: ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (ounou)

### Noun

m
* (collective) hourly staff, workers assigned duties to be performed regularly [since the Middle Kingdom]
* (collective) in particular, the hourly staff or hour-priesthood of a temple
    Synonym: wnwt-ḥwt-nṯr

#### Alternative forms

| wnwt | wnwt |
The forms given above under the senses for ‘hour’ etc. can also be used with this meaning.

#### Derived terms

* wnwt-ḥwt-nṯr

### References

* “wnw.t (lemma ID 46420)” and “wnw.t (lemma ID 46430)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 316.1–317.8
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 61
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 107, 459.
* Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 83
# απερίσκεπτος
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* απερίσκεφτος (aperískeftos)

### Adjective

απερίσκεπτος • (aperískeptos) m (feminine απερίσκεπτη, neuter απερίσκεπτο)
* reckless, impetuous, headstrong, incautious
    Synonyms: ασυλλόγιστος (asyllógistos), άσκεφτος (áskeftos)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο απερίσκεπτος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο απερίσκεπτος, etc.)

#### Related terms

* απερισκεψία f (aperiskepsía, “recklessness, rashness”)
* σκέφτομαι (skéftomai, “I think, I consider”)

#### Further reading

* απερίσκεπτος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# אַרבעט
## Yiddish
### Etymology 1

From Old High German arbeit, from Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.

#### Noun

אַרבעט • (arbet) f, plural אַרבעטן (arbetn)
* work; labor
* (computing) A job, a task carried out in batch mode

##### Derived terms

* אַרבעטזאַם (arbetzam, “hardworking”)
* אַרבעטסלאָז (arbetsloz, “unemployed; jobless”)
* אַרבעטסלאָזיקייט (arbetslozikeyt, “unemployment”)
* אַרבעטסלײַט (arbetslayt, “”)
* אַרבעטסמאַן (arbetsman, “workman”)
* אַרבעטספּלאַץ (arbetsplats, “workplace”)

##### Related terms

* אַרבעטן (arbetn, “to work”)
* אַרבעטער (arbeter, “worker”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

אַרבעט • (arbet)
* inflection of אַרבעטן (arbetn, “to work”):
** first/third-person singular
** second-person plural
** imperative singular/plural
# ανάγκη
## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “necessity”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈnaŋ.ɟi/
* Hyphenation: α‧νά‧γκη

### Noun

ανάγκη • (anágki) f (plural ανάγκες)
* (most senses) necessity
    Από ανάγκη πήγαμε μέσω Λονδίνου.Apó anágki pígame méso Londínou.Out of necessity we went through London.
* (most senses) need, want, demand
    Δεν τον ενδιαφέρουν οι ανάγκες της γυναίκας του.Den ton endiaféroun oi anágkes tis gynaíkas tou.He is not interested in his wife's needs.
* (euphemistic) call of nature (need for urination or defecation)
    Έχετε τουαλέτα; Πρέπει να κάνω την ανάγκη μου.Échete toualéta? Prépei na káno tin anágki mou.Do you have a toilet? I need to go.

#### Derived terms

Expressions
* αναγκαίο κακό n (anagkaío kakó)
* έκτακτη ανάγκη f (éktakti anágki, “emergency”, literally “emergency emergency”)
* εξ ανάγκης (ex anágkis) (formal)

#### Related terms

* αναγκάζω (anagkázo, “to compel”)
* αναγκαία n pl (anagkaía, “necessities”)
* αναγκαίος (anagkaíos, “necessary”)
* αναγκαιότητα f (anagkaiótita, “necessity”)
* αναγκασμός m (anagkasmós, “compulsion”)
* αναγκαστικός (anagkastikós, “compulsory”)
* εξαναγκάζω (exanagkázo, “compel”)
* καταναγκάζω (katanagkázo, “compel”)
* καταναγκασμός m (katanagkasmós, “compulsion”)
* καταναγκαστικός (katanagkastikós, “compulsory”)
* πειθαναγκάζω (peithanagkázo, “compel forcefully”)
* πειθαναγκασμός m (peithanagkasmós)
* ψυχαναγκασμός m (psychanagkasmós)
* ψυχαναγκαστικός (psychanagkastikós)

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: ananghie

#### Further reading

* ανάγκη, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# карамель
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | كارامەل |
| Cyrillic | карамель |
| Latin | karamel |
| Yañalif | karamelь |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian караме́ль (karamélʹ), from French caramel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kərɐˈmʲelʲ]

### Noun

карамель • (karamel)
* caramel

## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French caramel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kərɐˈmʲelʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

караме́ль • (karamélʹ) f inan (genitive караме́ли, nominative plural караме́ли, genitive plural караме́лей)
* caramel
** 1939, “Сладкие блюда. Как предупредить отсыревание карамели”, in Книга о вкусной и здоровой пище, Москва, Ленинград: Пищепромиздат; English translation from The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, (Please provide a date or year):Необходи́мо храни́ть караме́ль в пло́тно закры́тых стекля́нных и́ли жестяны́х ба́нках.Neobxodímo xranítʹ karamélʹ v plótno zakrýtyx stekljánnyx íli žestjanýx bánkax.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: կարամել (karamel)
* → Kazakh: карамель (karamel)
* → Ukrainian: караме́ль (karamélʹ)

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* караме́ля (karamélja) — 1928-1933 spelling

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian караме́ль (karamélʹ), from French caramel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐrɐˈmɛlʲ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛlʲ
* Hyphenation: ка‧ра‧мель

### Noun

караме́ль • (karamélʹ) f inan (genitive караме́лі, nominative plural караме́лі, genitive plural караме́лей, relational adjective караме́льний)
* (uncountable) caramel (a smooth, chewy, sticky confection made by heating sugar and other ingredients until the sugars polymerize and become sticky)
* (countable) caramel (a piece of this confection)

#### Derived terms

* караме́лька f (karamélʹka)
* караме́льник m (karamélʹnyk), караме́льниця f (karamélʹnycja)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “карамель”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 385
   * Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “карамель”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
   * “карамель”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1973), “карамель”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (І – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 100
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “карамель”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “карамель”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “карамель”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “карамель”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# материть
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mətʲɪˈrʲitʲ]

### Verb

матери́ть • (materítʹ) impf (perfective обматери́ть)
* to dirty mouth, to badmouth, to abuse, to cuss out (to insult, to swear dirtily (at))

#### Derived terms

* матери́ться impf (materítʹsja)

#### Related terms

* мат (mat)
* ма́терщина (máterščina)
# gabhálach
## Irish
### Etymology

From gabháil +‎ -ach.

### Adjective

gabhálach (genitive singular masculine gabhálaigh, genitive singular feminine gabhálaí, plural gabhálacha, comparative gabhálaí)
* taking, catching
* receptive; contagious
* gripping, grasping, occupying
* possessive, avaricious
    Synonym: maoinchíocrach

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* cúlghabhálach (“retroactive; retrospective”)
* gabhálacht (“receptiveness, receptivity; contagiousness; graspingness, avarice”)
* iarghabhálach (“retrospective”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.