# 剉

| 剉 | U+5249, &#21065; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5249 |
| ← 剈 [U+5248] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 削 → [U+524A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

剉 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人土中弓 (OGLN), four-corner 8210$_0$, composition ⿰坐刂)
* to break, to deaden
* to file
* to chop

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 140, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1999
* Dae Jaweon: page 317, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 342, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5249

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 剉 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 脞 | *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ |
| 侳 | *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls |
| 挫 | *ʔsoːls |
| 夎 | *ʔsoːls |
| 遳 | *sʰloːl |
| 銼 | *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ |
| 剉 | *sʰoːls |
| 莝 | *sʰoːls |
| 趖 | *soːl |
| 矬 | *zoːl |
| 痤 | *zoːl |
| 睉 | *zoːl |
| 坐 | *zoːlʔ, *zoːls |
| 座 | *zoːls |
| 髽 | *ʔsroːl |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuò (cuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): co$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chó̤i
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhò
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuò
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^4$
*** Yale: tswò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuoh
*** Palladius: цо (co)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: co$^3$
*** Yale: cho
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tso$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: co$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔː³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤i
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔy²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhò
*** Tâi-lô: tshò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tshwaH
Rime :
| Character | 剉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 麤卧切 |
| Baxter | tshwaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰwa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | co$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤoj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰoːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 剉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cuò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshwa$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁoj-s/ |
| English | cut |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 18057 |
| Phonetic component | 坐 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰoːls/ |

#### Definitions

剉
* (archaic) to break, chop
       From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
       Nǐ shuōchū bàn ge zì lái, wǒ jiù zhī zhī, bǎ nǐ zhè húsūn bō pí cuò gǔ, jiāng shén hún biǎn zài jiǔyōuzhīchù, jiào nǐ wàn jié bù dé fānshēn! [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to chop
* (Hokkien) to mince; to chop finely; to cut into small pieces

##### Compounds

* 剉折
* 剉柴
* 剉樹 / 剉树
* 剉肉
* 剝皮剉骨 / 剥皮剉骨
* 心如刀剉
* 折剉
* 皮皮剉

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoah
*** Tâi-lô: tshuah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/

#### Definitions

剉
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 掣 (chhoah)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cut
* file
* trim

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さ (sa)
* Kun: くじく (kujiku)、かどをとる (kadootoru, 剉る)

## Korean
### Hanja

剉 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌, revised jwa, McCune–Reischauer chwa)
* cut
* file
* trim
* file