# 試

| 試 | U+8A66, &#35430; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A66 |
| ← 詥 [U+8A65] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 詧 → [U+8A67] |

## Translingual
### Han character

試 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈心一 (YRIPM), four-corner 0364$_0$, composition ⿰訁式)

#### Derived characters

* 𤀏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1157, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35415
* Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3960, character 12
* Unihan data for U+8A66

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 戴 | *ʔl'ɯːɡs |
| 襶 | *tɯːɡs |
| 貸 | *l̥ʰɯːɡs |
| 代 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 袋 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 岱 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 黛 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 玳 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 帒 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 甙 | *l'ɯːɡs |
| 酨 | *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 試 | *hljɯɡs |
| 弒 | *hljɯɡs |
| 忒 | *l̥ʰɯːɡ |
| 貣 | *l̥ʰɯːɡ, *l'ɯːɡ |
| 鴏 | *l'ɯːɡ |
| 栻 | *l̥ʰɯɡ, *hljɯɡ |
| 侙 | *l̥ʰɯɡ |
| 恜 | *l̥ʰɯɡ |
| 式 | *hljɯɡ |
| 軾 | *hljɯɡ |
| 拭 | *hljɯɡ |
| 鉽 | *hljɯɡ |
| 烒 | *hljɯɡ |
| 弋 | *lɯɡ |
| 芅 | *lɯɡ |
| 黓 | *lɯɡ |
| 隿 | *lɯɡ |
| 杙 | *lɯɡ |
| 釴 | *lɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ). However, the phonetic component has a reference to standards and rituals.

### Etymology

Exoactive form of 式 (shì, “to use, to make use of”), with a causative s/h-suffix (Schuessler, 2007, p. 466).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shì (shi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si$^3$ / si$^5$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): si$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): si$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ / sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): chi$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^4$ / si$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): si$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): si̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ / ché / sé
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhì / sì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xi$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): si$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$sy / $^5$syu
** (Jinhua): $^5$sy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^3$ / si$^5$
*** Yale: si / síh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^3$ / si$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^3$ / xi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː³³/, /siː¹³/
* si5 - common variant of si3 when meaning “test; examination”.
* Middle Chinese: syiH
Rime :
| Character | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式吏切 |
| Baxter | syiH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ək-s/ |
| English | test, try |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14971 |
| Phonetic component | 弋 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 試 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljɯɡs/ |

### Definitions

試
* to test
       ngo$^5$ m$^4$ hai$^6$ sin$^3$ nei$^5$, soeng$^2$ si$^3$ haa$^5$ nei$^5$ ze$^1$. [Jyutping]
       I'm not trapping you, just testing you.
* to try; to experiment
       si$^3$ haa$^5$ ni$^1$ go$^3$ fong$^1$ faat$^3$ [Jyutping]
       to try out this method
* test; examination (Classifier: 個／个 c)
       ngo$^5$ haau$^2$ maai$^4$ ni$^1$ go$^3$ si$^5$ zau$^6$ fong$^3$ gaa$^3$ laa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       After taking this exam, I'll be on vacation.
* (dialectal) to taste; to try
       ngo$^5$ cit$^3$ gau$^6$ daan$^6$ gou$^1$ bei$^2$ nei$^5$ si$^3$ aa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Let me cut a piece of cake for you to try.

#### Synonyms

* (to try):
* 企圖 / 企图 (qǐtú)
* 嘗 / 尝 (cháng)
* 嘗試 / 尝试 (chángshì)
* 希圖 / 希图 (xītú)
* 筶 (Sichuanese)
* 試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
* 試試 / 试试 (colloquial)
* (to taste):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嘗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嘗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嘗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 嘗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嘗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 嘗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嘗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 嘗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 嘗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 試 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 試 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 試, 嘗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嘗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嘗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 嘗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 嘗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嘗, 咂, 試 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 試, 啖 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 試, 嘗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 嘗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 嘗 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 試 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 試, 嘗 |

### Compounds

* 一試 / 一试
* 主試 / 主试
* 以身試法 / 以身试法 (yǐshēnshìfǎ)
* 免試 / 免试 (miǎnshì)
* 免試升學 / 免试升学
* 典試 / 典试
* 初試 / 初试 (chūshì)
* 初試啼聲 / 初试啼声
* 初試身手 / 初试身手
* 升等考試 / 升等考试
* 及鋒而試 / 及锋而试
* 口試 / 口试 (kǒushì)
* 召試 / 召试
* 嘗試 / 尝试 (chángshì)
* 國家考試 / 国家考试
* 地下核試 / 地下核试
* 小試 / 小试
* 小試牛刀 / 小试牛刀
* 小試鋒芒 / 小试锋芒
* 屢試不爽 / 屡试不爽 (lǚshìbùshuǎng)
* 廣用試紙 / 广用试纸
* 廷試 / 廷试
* 應試 / 应试 (yìngshì)
* 打試 / 打试
* 挑試 / 挑试
* 教師甄試 / 教师甄试
* 新硎初試 / 新硎初试
* 日省月試 / 日省月试
* 日試萬言 / 日试万言
* 春試 / 春试
* 普通考試 / 普通考试
* 會試 / 会试 (huìshì)
* 期終考試 / 期终考试 (qīzhōng kǎoshì)
* 核子試爆 / 核子试爆
* 核子試驗 / 核子试验
* 模擬考試 / 模拟考试
* 檢定考試 / 检定考试
* 歲試 / 岁试
* 殿試 / 殿试 (diànshì)
* 比試 / 比试 (bǐshì)
* 測試 / 测试 (cèshì)
* 漢語水平考試 / 汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
* 火花試驗 / 火花试验
* 牛刀小試 / 牛刀小试
* 特種考試 / 特种考试
* 甄試 / 甄试 (zhēnshì)
* 留學考試 / 留学考试
* 畢業考試 / 毕业考试
* 疲勞試驗 / 疲劳试验
* 發硎新試 / 发硎新试
* 監試 / 监试
* 石蕊試紙 / 石蕊试纸 (shíruǐ shìzhǐ)
* 禮部試 / 礼部试
* 秋試 / 秋试
* 科試 / 科试
* 童子試 / 童子试
* 筆試 / 笔试 (bǐshì)
* 策試 / 策试
* 義試 / 义试
* 考試 / 考试 (kǎoshì)
* 考試委員 / 考试委员
* 考試權 / 考试权
* 考試院 / 考试院 (kǎoshìyuàn)
* 船模試驗 / 船模试验
* 複試 / 复试 (fùshì)
* 覆試 / 覆试
* 診斷試劑 / 诊断试剂
* 試兒 / 试儿
* 試刀 / 试刀
* 試刊 / 试刊
* 試劑 / 试剂 (shìjì)
* 試印券 / 试印券
* 試卷 / 试卷 (shìjuàn)
* 試周 / 试周
* 試問 / 试问 (shìwèn)
* 試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
* 試場 / 试场 (shìchǎng)
* 試婚 / 试婚 (shìhūn)
* 試官 / 试官
* 試工 / 试工 (shìgōng)
* 試帖 / 试帖
* 試想 / 试想 (shìxiǎng)
* 試探 / 试探
* 試播 / 试播 (shìbō)
* 試新 / 试新
* 試晬 / 试晬
* 試演 / 试演 (shìyǎn)
* 試燈 / 试灯
* 試片 / 试片
* 試產 / 试产
* 試用 / 试用 (shìyòng)
* 試看 / 试看 (shìkàn)
* 試穿 / 试穿 (shìchuān)
* 試管 / 试管 (shìguǎn)
* 試管動物 / 试管动物
* 試管嬰兒 / 试管婴儿 (shìguǎn yīng'ér)
* 試紙 / 试纸 (shìzhǐ)
* 試腳 / 试脚
* 試航 / 试航 (shìháng)
* 試藥 / 试药
* 試行 / 试行 (shìxíng)
* 試試 / 试试
* 試試看 / 试试看
* 試車 / 试车 (shìchē)
* 試辦 / 试办 (shìbàn)
* 試金石 / 试金石 (shìjīnshí)
* 試銷 / 试销
* 試鏡 / 试镜 (shìjìng)
* 試院 / 试院
* 試音 / 试音
* 試題 / 试题 (shìtí)
* 試風頭 / 试风头
* 試飛 / 试飞
* 試飛員 / 试飞员
* 試驗 / 试验 (shìyàn)
* 試驗室 / 试验室
* 試驗田 / 试验田
* 試點 / 试点 (shìdiǎn)
* 課試 / 课试 (kèshì)
* 赴試 / 赴试
* 路試 / 路试 (lùshì)
* 躍躍欲試 / 跃跃欲试 (yuèyuèyùshì)
* 輕輕試試 / 轻轻试试
* 鄉試 / 乡试 (xiāngshì)
* 都試 / 都试
* 重試 / 重试 (chóngshì)
* 銓定考試 / 铨定考试
* 院試 / 院试
* 面試 / 面试 (miànshì)
* 高等考試 / 高等考试

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: thử (“to try, to test”), thi (“to take an exam”)

### References

* “試”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* trial
* experiment

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: ためす (tamesu, 試す, Jōyō)、こころみる (kokoromiru, 試みる, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 試(し)合(あい) (shiai)
* 水(すい)試(し) (suishi)
* 口(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
* 試(し)行(こう)錯(さく)誤(ご) (shikōsakugo)
* 考(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
* 試(し)用(よう) (shiyō)
* 試(し)飲(いん) (shīn)
* 入(にゅう)試(し) (nyūshi)
* 試(し)験(けん)場(じょう) (shikenjō)
* 試(し)験(けん) (shiken)
* 筆(ひっ)試(し) (hisshi)
* 試(し)行(こう) (shikō)
* 試(し)製(せい) (shisei)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 試 (MC syiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (in 試合 and 試驗):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰi]
** Phonetic hangul: [시]
* (to test; etc.):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰi(ː)]
** Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 試 (eumhun 시험할 시 (siheomhal si))
* hanja form of 시 (“to test; to try”)
* hanja form of 시 (“test; trial; examination”)
* hanja form of 시 (“experiment”)

#### Compounds

* 고시 (考試, gosi)
* 고시 (高試, gosi)
* 면시 (面試, myeonsi)
* 사시 (司試, sasi)
* 시굴 (試掘, sigul)
* 시도 (試圖, sido)
* 시련 (試鍊, siryeon)
* 시료 (試料, siryo)
* 시사 (試寫, sisa)
* 시승 (試乘, siseung)
* 시안 (試案, sian)
* 시약 (試藥, siyak)
* 시연 (試演, siyeon)
* 시추 (試錐, sichu)
* 시합 (試合, sihap)
* 시험 (試驗, siheom)
* 예시 (豫試, yesi)
* 응시 (應試, eungsi)
* 입시 (入試, ipsi)
* 초시 (初試, chosi)
* 추시 (追試, chusi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

試: Hán Việt readings: thí
試: Nôm readings: thi, thía, thử
* chữ Hán form of thí (“to experiment”).
* Nôm form of thử (“to try, to test something”).
* Nôm form of thi (“to take and exam, to compete; exam, trial, competition”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).