# 營

| 營 | U+71DF, &#29151; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71DF |
| ← 燞 [U+71DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燠 → [U+71E0] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 營 |
| Shinjitai | 営 |
| Simplified | 营 |

### Han character

營 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 火+12 in mainland China, 17 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 火火月口口 (FFBRR), four-corner 9960$_6$, composition ⿱𤇾吕(G) or ⿱𤇾呂(HTJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 巆(𫶕) 攚 櫿 瀯(𰝅) 㹚 㿘 𢥏 𤒨 𤫎 𥗞 𧕍 𫑔 𰷰

#### Related characters

* 営 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 营 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 684, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19457
* Dae Jaweon: page 1096, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2237, character 5
* Unihan data for U+71DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鶯 | *qreːŋ |
| 罃 | *qreːŋ |
| 嫈 | *qreːŋ, *qreːŋs, *qʷeŋ |
| 褮 | *qreːŋ, *qʷeŋ, *ɢʷeːŋ |
| 覮 | *pqʰʷeːŋ |
| 謍 | *qʰʷreːŋ, *qʷreːŋ, *ɢʷeŋ |
| 䁝 | *qʷraːŋʔ |
| 嶸 | *ɢʷreːŋ, *ɢʷreŋ |
| 嵤 | *ɢʷreːŋ |
| 榮 | *ɢʷreŋ |
| 瑩 | *ɢʷreŋ, *qʷeːŋs |
| 蠑 | *ɢʷreŋ |
| 禜 | *ɢʷreŋ, *ɢʷreŋs |
| 醟 | *ɢʷreŋs, *qʰʷeŋs |
| 檾 | *kʰʷeŋʔ, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 煢 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 焭 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 縈 | *qʷeŋ |
| 營 | *ɢʷeŋ |
| 鎣 | *ɢʷeŋ, *qʷeːŋs |
| 塋 | *ɢʷeŋ |
| 濴 | *ɢʷeŋ |
| 熒 | *ɡʷeːŋ |
| 螢 | *ɡʷeːŋ |
| 滎 | *ɡʷeːŋ |
| 濙 | *qʷeːŋʔ |
| 瀅 | *qʷeːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷeŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + abbreviated semantic 宮 (“palace”), depicting a person working all night with a light on his house.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yíng (ying$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yun$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yn$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yàng / yìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yang$^2$ / yin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): iâng / ě̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): iàng / ìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâⁿ / êng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ian$^5$ / iong$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yon / $^6$yin / $^2$yin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^2$
*** Yale: yíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yng
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yun$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
*** Sinological IPA : /yn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /yn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàng / yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: iang$^ˇ$ / in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yang$^2$ / yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯aŋ¹¹/, /in¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàng / yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iang$^ˇ$ / (r)in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yang$^2$ / yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯aŋ¹¹/, /(j)in¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yang$^2$ / yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /iaŋ¹¹/, /in¹¹/
* Sixian:
** yàng - vernacular;
** yìn - literary.
* Meixian:
** yang2 - vernacular;
** yin2 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit營 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ĩn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /in²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /in²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ĩ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /in²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioŋ²³/ /ɦiŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦin²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /joŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /in¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yn¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iaŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /in¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jeŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iŋ³⁵/ /iã³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iaŋ³³/ 名 /œyŋ²¹/ 動 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iã⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /eŋ³¹/ /zɔŋ³¹/ /ia³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: yweng
Rime :
| Character | 營 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (122) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余傾切 |
| Baxter | yweng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jwiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iuæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /iuɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷeŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 營 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yweng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷeŋ/ |
| English | demarcate, encamp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 營 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15379 |
| Phonetic component | 熒 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 營 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷeŋ/ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Dungan”

### Definitions

營
* encampment; barracks
* (military) battalion
* camp; activity; event
* to encamp
* to build; to construct
* to operate; to run
* to manage; to handle
* to seek for; to seek
* to measure

#### Usage notes

* (military): Under the National Revolutionary Army, a battalion was composed of three or four companies (連／连 (lián)). In turn, for infantry regiments, three infantry battalions formed a regiment (團／团 (tuán)), in infantry.

### Compounds

* 丁家營 / 丁家营 (Dīngjiāyíng)
* 上營 / 上营 (Shàngyíng)
* 不營 / 不营
* 不鑽營 / 不钻营
* 佈陣安營 / 布阵安营
* 侯營 / 侯营 (Hóuyíng)
* 偷營 / 偷营 (tōuyíng)
* 偷營劫寨 / 偷营劫寨
* 傾身營救 / 倾身营救
* 入營 / 入营
* 公營 / 公营 (gōngyíng)
* 公營事業 / 公营事业
* 公營企業 / 公营企业
* 公營電視 / 公营电视
* 共同經營 / 共同经营
* 共營 / 共营
* 兵營 / 兵营 (bīngyíng)
* 兼營 / 兼营
* 劫營 / 劫营 (jiéyíng)
* 勞改營 / 劳改营 (láogǎiyíng)
* 南營 / 南营 (Nányíng)
* 右營 / 右营 (Yòuyíng)
* 合營 / 合营 (héyíng)
* 國營 / 国营 (guóyíng)
* 國營事業 / 国营事业
* 國營貿易 / 国营贸易
* 夏令營 / 夏令营 (xiàlìngyíng)
* 多角經營 / 多角经营
* 大本營 / 大本营 (dàběnyíng)
* 大樹營 / 大树营 (Dàshùyíng)
* 大農經營 / 大农经营
* 天體營 / 天体营 (tiāntǐyíng)
* 央浼營幹 / 央浼营干
* 孫王營 / 孙王营 (Sūnwángyíng)
* 安營 / 安营 (ānyíng)
* 安營下寨 / 安营下寨 (ānyíngxiàzhài)
* 安營紮寨 / 安营扎寨
* 宿營 / 宿营 (sùyíng)
* 專營 / 专营 (zhuānyíng)
* 小本經營 / 小本经营
* 屏營 / 屏营 (bīngyíng)
* 左營 / 左营 (Zuǒyíng)
* 幹營生 / 干营生
* 征營
* 怔營 / 怔营
* 惟利是營 / 惟利是营
* 慘澹經營 / 惨澹经营
* 拔營 / 拔营 (báyíng)
* 插箭遊營 / 插箭游营
* 斫營 / 斫营
* 新營 / 新营 (Xīnyíng)
* 朱營 / 朱营 (Zhūyíng)
* 柳營 / 柳营 (Liǔyíng)
* 植黨營私 / 植党营私
* 椿木營 / 椿木营 (Chūnmùyíng)
* 樊營 / 樊营 (Fányíng)
* 步步為營 / 步步为营 (bùbùwéiyíng)
* 民營 / 民营 (mínyíng)
* 民營企業 / 民营企业 (mínyíng qǐyè)
* 民營化 / 民营化 (mínyínghuà)
* 永續經營 / 永续经营
* 沒本營生 / 没本营生
* 汲汲營營 / 汲汲营营 (jíjíyíngyíng)
* 沈營 (Shěnyíng)
* 汪營 / 汪营 (Wāngyíng)
* 沒營生 / 没营生
* 沒營養 / 没营养
* 活廠經營 / 活厂经营
* 澹淡經營 / 澹淡经营
* 營作 / 营作
* 營利 / 营利 (yínglì)
* 營利稅 / 营利税
* 營前 / 营前 (Yíngqián)
* 營力 / 营力
* 營勾 / 营勾
* 營區 / 营区 (yíngqū)
* 營口 / 营口 (Yíngkǒu)
* 營口市 / 营口市
* 營哨 / 营哨
* 營商 / 营商 (yíngshāng)
* 營地 / 营地 (yíngdì)
* 營壘 / 营垒 (yínglěi)
* 營寨 / 营寨 (yíngzhài)
* 營州 / 营州
* 營工 / 营工
* 營帳 / 营帐
* 營幹 / 营干
* 營建 / 营建 (yíngjiàn)
* 營建業 / 营建业
* 營房 / 营房 (yíngfáng)
* 營收 / 营收 (yíngshōu)
* 營救 / 营救 (yíngjiù)
* 營業 / 营业 (yíngyè)
* 營業利益 / 营业利益
* 營業員 / 营业员 (yíngyèyuán)
* 營業收入 / 营业收入
* 營業日 / 营业日
* 營業機關 / 营业机关
* 營業稅 / 营业税 (yíngyèshuì)
* 營業費用 / 营业费用
* 營業車 / 营业车
* 營業額 / 营业额 (yíngyè'é)
* 營求 / 营求
* 營活 / 营活
* 營混子 / 营混子
* 營火 / 营火 (yínghuǒ)
* 營火會 / 营火会
* 營營 / 营营
* 營營役役 / 营营役役 (yíngyíngyìyì)
* 營生 / 营生 (yíngshēng)
* 營田 / 营田
* 營療 / 营疗
* 營盤 / 营盘 (yíngpán)
* 營福 / 营福
* 營私 / 营私 (yíngsī)
* 營私舞弊 / 营私舞弊 (yíngsīwǔbì)
* 營窟 / 营窟
* 營繕 / 营缮
* 營舍 / 营舍
* 營葬 / 营葬
* 營衛 / 营卫
* 營謀 / 营谋
* 營販 / 营贩
* 營辦 / 营办
* 營造 / 营造 (yíngzào)
* 營造尺 / 营造尺
* 營造法式 / 营造法式
* 營運 / 营运 (yíngyùn)
* 營隊 / 营队
* 營養 / 营养 (yíngyǎng)
* 營養不良 / 营养不良 (yíngyǎng bùliáng)
* 營養午餐 / 营养午餐
* 營養失調 / 营养失调
* 營養學 / 营养学 (yíngyǎngxué)
* 營養素 / 营养素 (yíngyǎngsù)
* 營首 / 营首
* 特殊營業 / 特殊营业
* 狗苟蠅營 / 狗苟蝇营
* 異營性 / 异营性
* 直營 / 直营
* 研習營 / 研习营
* 私營 / 私营 (sīyíng)
* 細柳營 / 细柳营
* 紮營 / 扎营 (zhāyíng)
* 結營 / 结营 (jiéyíng)
* 結黨營私 / 结党营私 (jiédǎngyíngsī)
* 經營 / 经营 (jīngyíng)
* 綠營 / 绿营
* 老營 / 老营
* 老營兒 / 老营儿
* 老營生 / 老营生
* 聯營 / 联营
* 聯營公車 / 联营公车
* 肖營 / 肖营 (Xiàoyíng)
* 胡家營 / 胡家营 (Hújiāyíng)
* 自然營力 / 自然营力
* 自營 / 自营 (zìyíng)
* 自營性 / 自营性
* 花柳營 / 花柳营
* 花營錦陣 / 花营锦阵
* 苦心經營 / 苦心经营 (kǔxīnjīngyíng)
* 苟營 / 苟营
* 蔡家營 / 蔡家营 (Càijiāyíng)
* 蠅營 / 蝇营
* 蠅營狗苟 / 蝇营狗苟 (yíngyínggǒugǒu)
* 行營 / 行营 (xíngyíng)
* 賣俏營奸 / 卖俏营奸
* 賣公營私 / 卖公营私
* 軍營 / 军营 (jūnyíng)
* 農業經營 / 农业经营
* 巡防營 / 巡防营
* 連營畫角 / 连营画角
* 連鎖經營 / 连锁经营
* 遊營撞屍 / 游营撞尸
* 鄭營 / 郑营 (Zhèngyíng)
* 野營 / 野营 (yěyíng)
* 錦營花陣 / 锦营花阵
* 錦陣花營 / 锦阵花营
* 鑽營 / 钻营 (zuānyíng)
* 陣營 / 阵营 (zhènyíng)
* 集中營 / 集中营 (jízhōngyíng)
* 難民營 / 难民营 (nànmínyíng)
* 露營 / 露营 (lùyíng)
* 黃家營 / 黄家营 (Huángjiāyíng)

### Further reading

* “營”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 営 |
| Kyūjitai | 營 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 営)
* Kyūjitai form of 営

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えい (ei)
* Kun: いとなむ (itonamu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 營 (MC yweng).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᇰ (Yale: yuyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᇰ (Yale: yuyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 바오달〮 여ᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean 여ᇰ (yeng) (Yale: yeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 집 영 | Recorded as Middle Korean 영 (yeng) (Yale: yeng) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575. |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | ᄆᆡᆼᄀᆞᆯ 영 | Recorded as Middle Korean 영 (yeng) (Yale: yeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 혜아릴 영 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 영 (Yale: yeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [영]

### Hanja

Wikisource 營 (eumhun 경영할 영 (gyeong'yeonghal yeong))
* hanja form of 영 (“encampment; barracks”)
* hanja form of 영 (“to manage; to operate”)
* hanja form of 영 (“to build; to construct”)

#### Compounds

* 겸영 (兼營, gyeomyeong)
* 경영 (經營, gyeong'yeong)
* 공영 (公營, gong'yeong)
* 관영 (官營, gwanyeong)
* 국영 (國營, gugyeong)
* 군영 (軍營, gunyeong)
* 민영 (民營, minyeong)
* 병영 (兵營, byeong'yeong)
* 시영 (市營, siyeong)
* 야영 (野營, yayeong)
* 영내 (營內, yeongnae)
* 영농 (營農, yeongnong)
* 영리 (營利, yeongni)
* 영문 (營門, yeongmun)
* 영생 (營生, yeongsaeng)
* 영소 (營所, yeongso)
* 영양 (營養, yeong'yang)
* 영업 (營業, yeong'eop)
* 영역 (營域, yeong'yeok)
* 영외 (營外, yeong'oe)
* 영위 (營爲, yeong'wi)
* 영조 (營造, yeongjo)
* 영창 (營倉, yeongchang)
* 운영 (運營, unyeong)
* 입영 (入營, ibyeong)
* 조영 (造營, joyeong)
* 직영 (直營, jigyeong)
* 진영 (陣營, jinyeong)
* 탈영 (脫營, taryeong)
* 통영 (統營, tong'yeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

營: Hán Nôm readings: dinh, doanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.