OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# κολυμπάω
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* κολυμπώ (kolympó) (less frequent, formal variant)

### Etymology

From modern κολυμπ(ώ) + -άω (-áo). Inherited from Byzantine Greek κολυμπῶ (kolumpô), from Koine Greek κολυμβῶ (kolumbô) pronounced with [mb], uncontracted form of κολυμβάω (kolumbáō, “ancient sense: dive”), said by Beekes to be a denominative verbal derivation of κόλυμβος (kólumbos, “diver, little grebe”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ko.limˈba.o/
* Hyphenation: κο‧λυ‧μπά‧ω

### Verb

κολυμπάω • (kolympáo) / κολυμπώ (imperfect κολυμπούσα/κολύμπαγα, past κολύμπησα) (passive forms rare: κολυμπιέμαι (kolympiémai))
* (sports) to swim
    Μου αρέσει να κολυμπάω.Mou arései na kolympáo.I like to swim.
** (figuratively)
    Είναι πολύ πλούσιος. Κολυμπάει στο χρήμα.Eínai polý ploúsios. Kolympáei sto chríma.He is very rich. He swims in money.
** (passive voice, rare) to be swum
    Αυτή η θάλασσα είναι μολυσμένη. Δεν κολυμπιέται πια.Aftí i thálassa eínai molysméni. Den kolympiétai pia.This sea is polluted. It cannot be swum any more.

#### Related terms

* κολυμπήθρα f (kolympíthra), κολυμβήθρα (kolymvíthra)
* κολύμπημα n (kolýmpima)
* κολυμπητός (kolympitós)
* κολύμπι n (kolýmpi, “swimming”)
* For stem κολυμβ- see κολύμβηση f (kolýmvisi, “swimming -the sport-”) (more formal)

### References

* ↑ κολυμπάω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# Radstockism
## English
### Etymology

Radstock +‎ -ism; named after Lord Radstock.

### Noun

Radstockism (uncountable)
* Synonym of Pashkovism

#### Related terms

* Radstockist
* Radstockite
# ziepjainākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

ziepjainākā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of ziepjaināks

### Adjective

ziepjainākā
* inflection of ziepjainākais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# Aristophanes
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Aristophanēs, from the Ancient Greek Ἀριστοφᾰ́νης (Aristophắnēs).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /æɹɪsˈtɒfəniːz/
* (General American) IPA: /ɛɹɪsˈtɑfəniz/

### Proper noun

Aristophanes
* An Ancient Greek male name, most famously borne by a playwright who lived from circa 446 BC to circa 386 BC.

#### Derived terms

* Aristophanist

#### Related terms

* Aristophanean
* Aristophanic
* homo Aristophaneus

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Aristophanes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Danish
### Alternative forms

* Aristofanes

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοφάνης (Aristophánēs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑiˈsd̥oˀfanɛs]

### Proper noun

Aristophanes
* Aristophanes

## Latin
### Etymology

From the Ancient Greek Ἀριστοφᾰ́νης (Aristophắnēs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.risˈto.pʰa.neːs/, [ärɪs̠ˈt̪ɔpʰäneːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.risˈto.fa.nes/, [ärisˈt̪ɔːfänes]

### Proper noun

Aristophanēs m sg (variously declined, genitive Aristophanis or Aristophanae); third declension, first declension
* a male given name, Aristophanes, from Ancient Greek — famously held by:
** Aristophanes simpliciter (circa 446–386 BC), ancient Athenian comic poet and playwright (the most distinguished comic poet of Greece, from Lindus, on the island of Rhodes, a contemporary of Socrates)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Horace to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Cicero to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Quintilian to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Aulus Gellius to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Terentianus Maurus to this entry?)
** Aristophanes of Byzantium (circa 257–185/180 BC), Hellenistic Greek scholar, critic, and grammarian, head of the Library of Alexandria from 197 BC until his death, credited with the invention of polytonic Greek orthography (a distinguished grammarian of Byzantium, pupil of Eratosthenes, and teacher of the critic Aristarchus)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Cicero to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Marcus Terentius Varro to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Pliny the Elder to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Quintilian to this entry?)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun or first-declension noun (masculine Greek-type with nominative singular in -ēs), singular only.

#### Related terms

* Aristophanēus
* Aristophanicus
* Aristophanīus

#### Descendants

* English: Aristophanes

### References

* “Ăristŏphănes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Aristŏphănēs in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 163/1.
* “Aristophanēs” on page 170/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

### Further reading

* Aristophanes on the Latin Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{la}$
* Aristophanes Byzantius on the Latin Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{la}$
# aniōł
## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish anjoł.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ɲow/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲow
* Syllabification: a‧niōł

### Noun

aniōł m pers or m animal (related adjective anielski)
* (biblical, Christianity, Islam, Judaism) angel (incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* aniōł in silling.org
* Bogdan Kallus (2020) “anioł”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 16
* Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “anioł”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 61
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “ańůł”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 25
# mettere sulla bilancia
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “to put on the balance.”

### Verb

mettere sulla bilancia
* to evaluate; to take account of
    Synonyms: valutare, tenere conto
# demostrasiyon
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* demostrasyon
* demonstrasiyon, demonstrasyon

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish demostración.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /demostɾasiˈon/ [d̪e.mos.tɾaˈʃon̪]
* Hyphenation: de‧mos‧tra‧si‧yon

### Noun

demostrasiyón (Basahan spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜍᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* demonstration
    Synonyms: padalan, pahiling

#### Related terms

* demostrar
# άρχοντας
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄρχων (árkhōn, “ruler”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɾxondas/
* Hyphenation: άρ‧χο‧ντας

### Noun

άρχοντας • (árchontas) m (plural άρχοντες, feminine αρχόντισσα)
* overlord, ruler
* magistrate
* rich man, magnate

#### Coordinate terms

* άρχουσα τάξη f (árchousa táxi, “ruling class”)

#### Related terms

* αρχοντάνθρωπος (archontánthropos, “patriciana”)
* αρχοντεύω (archontévo, “to rule”)
* αρχοντιά f (archontiá, “nobility”)
* αρχοντικό n (archontikó, “mansion”)
* αρχοντικός (archontikós, “noble”, adjective)
* αρχόντισσα f (archóntissa, “noblewoman”)
* αρχοντολόι n (archontolói, “nobility”)
* αρχοντοξεπεσμένος (archontoxepesménos, “shabbily genteel”, adjective)
* αρχοντοπιάνομαι (archontopiánomai, “to behave genteely”)
* αρχοντοπούλα f (archontopoúla, “young noblewoman”)
* αρχοντόπουλο m (archontópoulo, “young nobleman”)
* αρχοντόσπιτο n (archontóspito, “noble family”)
* αρχοντοχωριάτης f (archontochoriátis, “country squire”)

#### Further reading

* άρχοντας, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# ճշմարտիվ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ճշմարտիւ (čšmartiw); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃəʃmɑɾˈtiv/, [t͡ʃəʃmɑɾtív]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /d͡ʒəʃmɑɾˈdiv/, [d͡ʒəʃmɑɾdív]
* Hyphenation: ճըշ‧մար‧տիվ

### Adverb

ճշմարտիվ • (čšmartiv) (traditional orthography spelling ճշմարտիւ)
* (rare) truly, in truth, really
# народъ
## Bulgarian
### Noun

народъ • (narod) m
* (obsolete) Pre-1945 spelling of народ (narod).

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *narodъ.

### Noun

народъ • (narodŭ) m
* crowd, multitude
** from the Slavonic Josephus:
    Народ же, людие суще немощнии и безъ оружия, идѣже кто постиженъ, ту убиенъ бысть.Narod že, ljudije sušte nemoštnii i bezŭ oružija, iděže kto postiženŭ, tu ubijenŭ bystĭ.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** from Vita Methodii, 1701300-1701330:
    людии же бещисльнъ народъ събьравъ сѧ проважаахоу съ свѣщами, плачꙇоуще сѧ добра оучителѧ и пастꙑрѧ.ljudii že beštislĭnŭ narodŭ sŭbĭravŭ sę provažaaxu sŭ svěštami, plačiušte sę dobra učitelę i pastyrę.An innumerable crowd of people gathered and accompanied him with candles, mourning their good teacher and shepherd.

#### Related terms

* народосътворьць (narodosŭtvorĭcĭ)
* народотворитель (narodotvoritelĭ)
* народотворитьнъ (narodotvoritĭnŭ)
* народотворьць (narodotvorĭcĭ)
* народотворьчь (narodotvorĭčĭ)
* народьство (narodĭstvo)

### References

* Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎, София
* “народъ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2025

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐˈrot]

### Noun

наро́дъ • (naród) m inan (genitive наро́да, nominative plural наро́ды, genitive plural наро́довъ)
* Pre-1918 spelling of наро́д (naród).

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Noun

наро́дъ • (naród) m inan (genitive наро́да, nominative plural наро́ди)
* Obsolete spelling of наро́д (naród).
# ziepjainākās
## Latvian
### Adjective

ziepjainākās
* locative plural feminine of ziepjaināks

### Adjective

ziepjainākās
* inflection of ziepjainākais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# աներ
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈneɾ/, [ɑnéɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈneɾ/, [ɑnéɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Armenian աներ (aner).

#### Noun

աներ • (aner)
* father-in-law, wife’s father

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

աներ • (aner)
* third-person singular past subjunctive of անել (anel)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-ero-, from *h₂en- (“ancestor”) with the comparative suffix *-ero-; related to հան (han).

### Noun

աներ • (aner)
* father-in-law, wife’s father
    Աներ Լիբանանու ― Aner Libananu ― Antilibanus
* in-law; brother-in-law, wife’s brother
* father-in-law's household

#### Declension

post-classical

#### Derived terms

* աներանամ (aneranam)
* Լիբանաներ (Libananer)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: աներ (aner)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “աներ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աներ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “աներ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “aner”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 81
# apluzinowy
## Silesian
### Etymology

From apluzina +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.plu.ʑiˈnɔ.vɪ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɪ
* Syllabification: a‧plu‧zi‧no‧wy

### Adjective

apluzinowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* orange
** 2020 March 23, Rafał Szyma, Rafał Szyma - Leanderka, Silesia Progress, →ISBN, page 91:Patrzymy wróz, coby sie niy chichrać, jak idzie nazód ze zbönkiym apluzinowego zoftu.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### See also

Colors in Silesian · farby (layout · text) :
| bioły | siwy, myszaty | czŏrny |
| czyrwōny; szarłatny | apluzinowy, oranżowy, pōmarańczowy; brōnny, brōnŏtny | żōłty; krymowy |
| limōnkowy | zielōny | miyntowy; ćmawozielōny |
| cyjanowy; morski | błynkitny | modry |
| flidrowy; indygo | purpurowy; lilowy | rōżowy |

### Further reading

* Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023) “pomarańczowy”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), p, page 154
# 懶惰坯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$le-du$_6$-phe$_1$ / $^3$laen-do$_6$-phei$_1$ / $^4$lae-du$_4$-phei$_1$
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$le-du$_6$-phe$_1$
*** MiniDict: le$^去$ du$^去$ phe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$le-du$_3$-phe$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²² du⁵⁵ pʰe²¹/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^3$laen-do$_6$-phei$_1$
*** MiniDict: 'laen$^上$ do$^去$ phei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /lẽ̞⁵⁵ do²² pʰei²¹/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^4$lae-du$_4$-phei$_1$
*** MiniDict: lae$^上$ du$^上$ phei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦlæ³¹ du³³ pʰei⁵⁵/

### Noun

懶惰坯
* (Wu) lazy fellow; lazybones

#### Synonyms

* 大食懶 / 大食懒 (daai$^6$ sik$^6$ laan$^5$) (Cantonese)
* 懶人 / 懒人 (lǎnrén)
* 懶人子 / 懒人子 (lan$^3$ ren$^2$ zr) (Xiang)
* 懶佬 / 懒佬 (laan$^5$ lou$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 懶屍嫲 / 懒尸嫲 (Hakka)
* 懶屍牯 / 懒尸牯 (Hakka)
* 懶屍鬼 / 懒尸鬼 (Hakka, Min Nan)
* 懶撲鬼 / 懒扑鬼 ($^6$le-phoq-ciu) (Wu)
* 懶漢 / 懒汉 (lǎnhàn)
* 懶蛋 / 懒蛋 (lǎndàn)
* 懶蟲 / 懒虫 (lǎnchóng)
* 懶骨頭 / 懒骨头
* 懶鬼 / 懒鬼 (lǎnguǐ)
* 河頭魚 / 河头鱼 (ho$^2$ dou$^2$ y$^2$) (Xiang)
* 貧惰蟲 / 贫惰虫 (Hokkien)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 懶人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 懶蛋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 懶人, 懶漢, 懶漢子, 懶棒棒子, 懶老婆 female |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 懶蟲 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 懶漢, 懶惰坯 female |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 懶溜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 懶蛇, 墨蛇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 懶坯, 懶蟲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 懶蛇, 蛇王 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 懶蛇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 懶人, 懶鬼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 懶鬼, 懶屍牯, 懶屍嫲 female |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 懶坯, 懶骨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 懶蛋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 懶漢, 定蟲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 貧惰骨 GT, 貧惰蟲 GT |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 惰囝, 惰儂 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 懶鬼, 懶蟲 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 懶惰坯, 懶撲鬼, 懶蟲, 懶人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 懶撲 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 懶惰坯, 懶坯, 懶惰鬼 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 懶撲, 懶惰坯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 懶人, 懶牌人 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 懶人子, 河頭魚 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 懶人子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 懶鬼 |
# 寡居
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guǎjū
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄩ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǎjū
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guǎjyu
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^3$-chü$^1$
*** Yale: gwǎ-jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goajiu
*** Palladius: гуацзюй (guaczjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

### Verb

寡居
* to remain a widow; to live in widowhood
# χαϊδεύω
## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek χαϊδεύω (khaïdeúō) from χάιδι (cháidi), stem χαϊδ- + -εύω (-eúō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xai̯ˈðe.vo/
* Hyphenation: χαϊ‧δεύ‧ω

### Verb

χαϊδεύω • (chaïdévo) (past χάιδεψα, passive χαϊδεύομαι, p‑past χαϊδεύτηκα, ppp χαϊδεμένος)
* to caress (touch lovingly), pet, stroke, fondle

#### Derived terms

* χαϊδεμένος (chaïdeménos, “caressed, pampered”, participle)
* παραχαϊδεύω (parachaïdévo, “spoil by pampering”)

#### Related terms

* αχάιδευτος (acháideftos)
* χάιδεμα n (cháidema)
* χαϊδεύομαι (chaïdévomai) (passive equivalent)
* χαϊδευτικό (chaïdeftikó, “hypocoristic”) (grammar)
* χαϊδευτικός (chaïdeftikós)
* χαϊδολογώ (chaïdologó)
* and see: χάδι n (chádi, “caress, pat”), rare χάιδι (cháidi)

### Further reading

* χαϊδεύω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# Pashkovites
## English
### Noun

Pashkovites
* plural of Pashkovite
# глаголати
## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* Glagolitic: ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰰⱅⰻ (glagolati)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *golgolati.

### Verb

глаголати • (glagolati) impf
* say, speak
** from the Homily against the Bogumils, 192:
    нъ чьто глаголѭтъ еретици?nŭ čĭto glagoljǫtŭ eretici?What do the heretics say?
** (comparable Old East Slavic) from the Primary Chronicle, 41-42:
    и рече имъ ѡльга, да глаголите что ради придосте сѣмо.i reče imŭ olĭga, da glagolite čto radi pridoste sěmo.And Olga bade them: tell, for what have you come here?

#### Conjugation

present tense of глаголати (glagolati) :
| singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | dual | dual | dual | dual | dual | dual | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural |
| азъ (azŭ) | азъ (azŭ) | тꙑ (ty) | тꙑ (ty) | тъ (tŭ) | тъ (tŭ) | вѣ (vě) | вѣ (vě) | ва (va) | ва (va) | та (ta) | та (ta) | мꙑ (my) | мꙑ (my) | вꙑ (vy) | вꙑ (vy) | ти (ti) | ти (ti) |
| глаголѭ (glagoljǫ) | глаголѭ (glagoljǫ) | глаголѥши (glagolješi) | глаголѥши (glagolješi) | глаголѥтъ (glagoljetŭ) | глаголѥтъ (glagoljetŭ) | глаголѥвѣ (glagoljevě) | глаголѥвѣ (glagoljevě) | глаголѥта (glagoljeta) | глаголѥта (glagoljeta) | глаголѥте (glagoljete) | глаголѥте (glagoljete) | глаголѥмъ (glagoljemŭ) | глаголѥмъ (glagoljemŭ) | глаголѥте (glagoljete) | глаголѥте (glagoljete) | глаголѭтъ (glagoljǫtŭ) | глаголѭтъ (glagoljǫtŭ) |

#### Derived terms

* възглаголати (vŭzglagolati)
* глаголаньѥ (glagolanĭje)
* глаголивъ (glagolivŭ)
* доглаголаньѥ (doglagolanĭje)
* изглаголати (izglagolati)
* мъногоглаголаньѥ (mŭnogoglagolanĭje)
* неглаголанъ (neglagolanŭ)
* неглаголаньѥ (neglagolanĭje)
* неглагольнъ (neglagolĭnŭ)
* неизглаголанъ (neizglagolanŭ)
* неоглаголанъ (neoglagolanŭ)
* нѣмоглаголати (němoglagolati)
* отъглаголати (otŭglagolati)
* приглаголати (priglagolati)
* проглаголати (proglagolati)
* съглаголати (sŭglagolati)
* оуглаголати (uglagolati)

#### Descendants

* → Old East Slavic: глаголати (glagolati)

### References

* Андрей Бояджиев, Старобългарска читанка, София, 2016.

## Old East Slavic
### Alternative forms

* гл҃ати (gl:ati) — abbreviation

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic глаголати (glagolati).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlɑɡɔˈlɑti/→/ɡlaɡɔˈlatʲi/→/ɡlaɡɔˈlatʲi/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ɡlɑɡɔˈlɑti/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ɡlaɡɔˈlatʲi/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ɡlaɡɔˈlatʲi/
* Hyphenation: гла‧го‧ла‧ти

### Verb

глаголати (glagolati) impf
* (transitive) to say

#### Derived terms

* изглаголати (izglagolati)

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: глагола́ти (hlaholáti)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “глаголати”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 516
# ziepējamās
## Latvian
### Participle

ziepējamās
* locative plural feminine of ziepējams

### Participle

ziepējamās
* inflection of ziepējamais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# աշտարակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian աշտարակ (aštarak); see below.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃtɑˈɾɑk/, [ɑʃtɑɾɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃdɑˈɾɑɡ/, [ɑʃtɑɾɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

աշտարակ • (aštarak)
* tower

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is uncertain.

### Noun

աշտարակ • (aštarak)
* tower
* donjon
* watchtower

#### Derived terms

* աշտարակագործ (aštarakagorc)
* աշտարակագործութիւն (aštarakagorcutʻiwn)
* աշտարակաձեւ (aštarakajew)
* աշտարակաշէն (aštarakašēn)
* աշտարակաշինող (aštarakašinoł)
* աշտարակաշինութիւն (aštarakašinutʻiwn)
* աշտարակաքարկութ (aštarakakʻarkutʻ)
* աշտարակեալ (aštarakeal)
* աշտարակեայ (aštarakeay)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: աշտարակ (aštarak)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “աշտարակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աշտարակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “աշտարակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# ieškoti
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(a)iˀskāˀtei; compare Latvian iẽskât (“to search for lice”), Proto-Slavic *jьskàti (“to look for”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, the present of *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire”). Cognates include Proto-West Germanic *aiskōn (“to demand, question, claim”), Sanskrit इच्छति (iccháti, “to wish, strive for”), Old Armenian այց (aycʻ, “to visit, search”), Latin aeruscō (“to beg, ask for”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiəʃˈkoː.tɪ/

### Verb

ieškóti (third-person present tense íeško, third-person past tense ieškójo)
* (transitive with genitive) to search, look for (attempt to find that which is lost)
* (transitive with genitive) seek, look for, look to (attempt to achieve or get something)
    Íeškau dárbo - I'm looking for (seeking) work.
    Íeškau kárvės pir̃kti - I'm looking to buy a cow.

#### Derived terms

* apieškoti
* išieškoti
* paieškoti
** pasiieškoti
* perieškoti
* suieškoti
** susiieškoti
* užieškoti
* ieškojimas
* ieškotojas
* ieškiklis
* ieškinys
* ieškovas

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ieškoti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 197-8
# потребовац
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak potrebovať, from Proto-Slavic *poterbovati. By surface analysis, по- (po-) +‎ требовац (trebovac) or потреба (potreba) +‎ -овац (-ovac). Cognates include Belarusian патрабава́ць (patrabavácʹ), Czech potřebovat, Polish potrzebować, Russian потре́бовать (potrébovatʹ), Serbo-Croatian потребовати / potrebovati, Slovak potrebovať and Ukrainian потребува́ти (potrebuváty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɔtrɛˈbɔvat͡s]
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡s
* Hyphenation: по‧тре‧бо‧вац

### Verb

потребовац (potrebovac) impf or pf
* (intransitive) to need, to want [with accusative or infinitive]
    даєдни рошлїни потребую вельо води ― dajedni rošljini potrebuju velʹo vodi ― some plants need a lot of water
* (intransitive) to require [with accusative]
    тема драми потребовала лєпши розробок ― tema drami potrebovala ljepši rozrobok ― the theme of the play required better elaboration

#### Usage notes

* требац (trebac) is significantly more common.

#### Derived terms

* потребуюци (potrebujuci)

#### Related terms

* потребни (potrebni)
* потреба f (potreba)
* требац impf (trebac)
* требовац impf (trebovac)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “потребовац”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “need”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 187
# касса
## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa. Doublet of ка́псула (kápsula), ка́псюль (kápsjulʹ), кассе́та (kasséta), and шасси́ (šassí).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkas(ː)ə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ка́сса • (kássa) f inan (genitive ка́ссы, nominative plural ка́ссы, genitive plural касс, relational adjective ка́ссовый)
* pay desk, cash desk, checkout
* ticket window, box office
* cash
* bank, fund
* cash register
* (polygraphy) case

#### Derived terms

* ка́ссовый (kássovyj)

##### Phrases

* не отходя́ от ка́ссы (ne otxodjá ot kássy)
** тут же, не отходя́ от ка́ссы (tut že, ne otxodjá ot kássy)

#### Related terms
##### Borrowed

Close related:
* касси́р m anim (kassír, “cashier, teller”)
Latin capsa derived:
* капсаици́н m (kapsaicín)
* ка́псула f (kápsula)
* ка́псюль m (kápsjulʹ)
* кассе́та f (kasséta)
* шасси́ n (šassí)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: kassa