# 濁

| 濁 | U+6FC1, &#28609; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC1 |
| ← 激 [U+6FC0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濂 → [U+6FC2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 3612$_7$, composition ⿰氵蜀)

#### Derived characters

* 𢹅, 𤅴

#### Related characters

* 浊 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
* Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6FC1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濁 :
| Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 斣 | *toːɡs |
| 歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 斀 | *rtoːɡ |
| 孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
| 濁 | *rdoːɡ |
| 鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 獨 | *doːɡ |
| 髑 | *doːɡ |
| 韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 斸 | *toɡ |
| 钃 | *toɡ |
| 欘 | *toɡ |
| 躅 | *doɡ |
| 蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 燭 | *tjoɡ |
| 囑 | *tjoɡ |
| 矚 | *tjoɡ |
| 屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 蜀 | *djoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rdoːɡ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhu̍k / thu̍k
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cug$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / cho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^6$
*** Yale: juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k / thu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: cug / tug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cug$^6$ / tug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/, /tʰuk̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡souʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / cho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ta̍k / tso̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dak, zok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
* ta̍k - vernacular (“nutritious but irritating”);
* cho̍k - literary (“muddy; chaotic; deep and thick; mixed and disorderly; dense”).
* Middle Chinese: draewk
Rime :
| Character | 濁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 直角切 |
| Baxter | draewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 濁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dræwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N-tˁ]rok/ |
| English | muddy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11813 |
| Phonetic component | 蜀 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 濁 |
| Old Chinese | /*rdoːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

濁
* muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
* chaotic; disorderly
* (of voice) deep and thick
* (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
* (Cantonese) to choke; to gag
* (Mainland China Hokkien) miscellaneous and in a jumble; mixed and disorderly
* (Mainland China Hokkien, of food) nutritious but irritating causing sores or causing the start, reoccurrence, or change of an illness
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; dense; strong (of flavor, etc.)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 渾濁, 混濁 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 渾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 渾 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 渾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 渾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 濁 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 渾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 渾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 溷 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 渾, 濁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 渾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醪, 醪濁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 渾 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 渾 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 渾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 渾 |
* (to choke): 嗆／呛 (qiāng)

#### Compounds

* 乳濁液 / 乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
* 五濁惡世 / 五浊恶世
* 凡胎濁骨 / 凡胎浊骨
* 十清九濁 / 十清九浊
* 惡濁 / 恶浊 (èzhuó)
* 懸濁液 / 悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
* 揚清抑濁 / 扬清抑浊
* 揚清激濁 / 扬清激浊
* 汙濁 / 污浊 (wūzhuó)
* 清塵濁水 / 清尘浊水
* 清渭濁涇 / 清渭浊泾
* 清濁 / 清浊 (qīngzhuó)
* 淟濁 / 淟浊
* 混濁 / 混浊 (hùnzhuó)
* 清濁同流 / 清浊同流
* 清聖濁賢 / 清圣浊贤
* 渾濁 / 浑浊 (húnzhuó)
* 溷濁 / 溷浊 (hùnzhuó)
* 濁世 / 浊世 (zhuóshì)
* 濁母 / 浊母
* 濁氣 / 浊气
* 濁水 / 浊水
* 濁水溪 / 浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
* 濁流 / 浊流 (zhuóliú)
* 濁涇清渭 / 浊泾清渭
* 激濁揚清 / 激浊扬清
* 濁物 / 浊物
* 濁聲 / 浊声
* 濁聲母 / 浊声母
* 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
* 濁酒 / 浊酒 (zhuójiǔ)
* 濁酒粗食 / 浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
* 濁醪 / 浊醪
* 濁音 / 浊音 (zhuóyīn)
* 濁骨凡胎 / 浊骨凡胎
* 白濁 / 白浊
* 稠濁 / 稠浊
* 紛濁 / 纷浊
* 舉世混濁 / 举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
* 行濁言清 / 行浊言清
* 言清行濁 / 言清行浊
* 貪濁有狀 / 贪浊有状

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lo$^5$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
*** Tâi-lô: lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: looi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
*** Sinological IPA : /lo⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

濁
* (Southern Min) Alternative form of 醪 (“murky; muddy; turbid; unclear”)
** 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)‎performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:
       lô-lô ê khe, lâu kòe lán óng-sū hiah-nī chōe, lâu kòe lán chho͘-loân ê chêng-ōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2017, 陳百潭 [Paitan Chen] (lyrics and music), “心中尺”‎performed by 陳百潭 [Paitan Chen] and 張艾莉 [Elly Chang]:
       chêng hô--iah chêng hô, siōng kiaⁿ chúi lâi piàn lô [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       River of love, oh! river of love, I'm most afraid that the water would become unclear

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 浊 |
| Kyūjitai | 濁 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浊)
* muddy
* (phonetics) voiced consonant

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょく (joku)
* Kan-on: たく (taku)
* Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
* Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō)、にごり (nigori, 濁り)、にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
* 濁点(だくてん) (dakuten)
* 半濁点(はんだくてん) (handakuten)
* 連濁(れんだく) (rendaku): rendaku, sequential voicing

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 濁 (eumhun 흐릴 탁 (heuril tak))
* hanja form of 탁 (“muddy, cloudy”)

#### Compounds

* 둔탁 (鈍濁, duntak, “being blunt; dull”)
* 탁류 (濁流, tangnyu, “muddy current; turbid waters”)
* 탁주 (濁酒, Takju, “Takju, Korean unfiltered rice wine”)
* 혼탁 (混濁/溷濁/渾濁, hontak, “being muddy; turbid”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.