# 心中
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīnzhōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sam$^1$ zung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sîm-chûng
    (Hailu, HRS): sim$^ˋ$ zhung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xim$^1$ zung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sim-tiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīnzhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sinjhong
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$-chung$^1$
*** Yale: syīn-jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinjong
*** Palladius: синьчжун (sinʹčžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sam$^1$ zung$^1$
*** Yale: sām jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sam$^1$ dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sem$^1$ zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm-chûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: xim$^ˊ$ zung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xim$^1$ zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sim$^ˋ$ zhung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sim⁵³ t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xim$^1$ zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sim⁴⁴ t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tiong
*** Tâi-lô: sim-tiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: simdiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sim³³ tiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

### Noun

心中
* in one's mind; in one's heart
    心中暗喜 ― xīnzhōng ànxǐ ― to be secretly delighted

#### Synonyms

* hak+nan-hbl:心內 / hak+nan-hbl:心内
* 內心 / 内心 (nèixīn)
* 寸心 (cùnxīn) (literary)
* 心上 (xīnshàng)
* 心地 (xīndì)
* 心坎 (xīnkǎn)
* 心曲 (xīnqū) (literary)
* 心田 (xīntián)
* 心窩 / 心窝 (xīnwō) (figurative, poetic)
* 心窩子 / 心窝子 (xīnwōzi) (figurative, poetic)
* 心裡 / 心里 (xīnlǐ)
* 心頭 / 心头 (xīntóu)
* 心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
* 意下 (yìxià) (literary)
* 私心 (sīxīn)
* 肚子 (figurative)
* 肚裡 / 肚里 (dùlǐ)
* 肺肝 (fèigān) (literary)
* 胸 (xiōng)
* 胸中 (xiōngzhōng) (literary)
* 胸坎 (xiōngkǎn) (literary)
* 腹 (figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 心中有數 / 心中有数 (xīnzhōngyǒushù)
* 心中有鬼 (xīnzhōngyǒuguǐ)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 心 | 中 |
| しん Grade: 2 | ちゅう > じゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From 心 (shin, “heart, mind, spirit”) +‎ 中 (-jū, “center;throughout”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんじゅう [shìńjúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

#### Noun

心(しん)中(じゅう) • (shinjū)
* lovers' suicide, double suicide
    Synonym: 情死 (jōshi)
* group suicide, collective suicide
* (figurative) sharing a common fate with someone or something

##### Derived terms

* 心中(しんじゅう)尽(ず)く (shinjū-zuku)
* 心中(しんじゅう)立(だ)て (shinjū-date)
* 心中(しんじゅう)箱(ばこ) (shinjū-bako)
* 心中(しんじゅう)者(もの) (shinjū-mono)
* 心中(しんじゅう)善(よ)し (shinjū-yoshi)
* 抱(だき)合(あ)い心中(しんじゅう), 抱(だ)き合(あ)い心中(しんじゅう) (dakiai shinjū)
* 跡追(あとお)い心中(しんじゅう), 後追(あとお)い心中(しんじゅう) (atooi shinjū, “suicide immediately after the death of one's spouse or lover”)
* 一家心中(いっかしんじゅう) (ikka shinjū, “family suicide”)
* 合意心中(ごういしんじゅう) (gōi shinjū, “double suicide”)
* ネット心中(しんじゅう) (netto shinjū)
* 不心中(ぶしんじゅう) (bushinjū)
* 無理心中(むりしんじゅう) (muri shinjū, “forced double suicide”)

#### Verb

心(しん)中(じゅう)する • (shinjū suru) suru (stem 心(しん)中(じゅう)し (shinjū shi), past 心(しん)中(じゅう)した (shinjū shita))
* to commit a double suicide, to commit a lover's suicide
* to commit a group suicide
* (figurative) to share a common fate with someone or something

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 心中し | しんじゅうし | shinjū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 心中し | しんじゅうし | shinjū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 心中する | しんじゅうする | shinjū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 心中する | しんじゅうする | shinjū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 心中すれ | しんじゅうすれ | shinjū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 心中せよ¹ 心中しろ² | しんじゅうせよ¹ しんじゅうしろ² | shinjū seyo¹ shinjū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 心中される | しんじゅうされる | shinjū sareru |
| Causative | 心中させる 心中さす | しんじゅうさせる しんじゅうさす | shinjū saseru shinjū sasu |
| Potential | 心中できる | しんじゅうできる | shinjū dekiru |
| Volitional | 心中しよう | しんじゅうしよう | shinjū shiyō |
| Negative | 心中しない | しんじゅうしない | shinjū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 心中せず | しんじゅうせず | shinjū sezu |
| Formal | 心中します | しんじゅうします | shinjū shimasu |
| Perfective | 心中した | しんじゅうした | shinjū shita |
| Conjunctive | 心中して | しんじゅうして | shinjū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 心中すれば | しんじゅうすれば | shinjū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 心 | 中 |
| しん Grade: 2 | ちゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese compound 心中 (MC sim trjuwng, literally “heart + center, middle, within”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shíꜜǹchùù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shìńchúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]

#### Noun

心(しん)中(ちゅう) • (shinchū)
* one's heart, mind, true motives
    Synonyms: 胸中 (kyōchū); 中情 (chūjō); 肚裏, 肚裡 (tori); 内心 (naishin)

##### Proverbs

* 山中(さんちゅう)の賊(ぞく)を破(やぶ)るは易(やす)く心中(しんちゅう)の賊(ぞく)を破(やぶ)るは難(かた)し (sanchū no zoku o yaburu wa yasuku shinchū no zoku o yaburu wa katashi)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN