# 柊

| 柊 | U+67CA, &#26570; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67CA |
| ← 柉 [U+67C9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 柋 → [U+67CB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柊 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹水卜 (DHEY), four-corner 4793$_3$, composition ⿰木冬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14610
* Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 3
* Unihan data for U+67CA

## Chinese

* 柊树 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Osmanthus heterophyllus (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 疼 | *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ |
| 冬 | *tuːŋ |
| 苳 | *tuːŋ |
| 笗 | *tuːŋ |
| 炵 | *tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ |
| 佟 | *duːŋ |
| 鼕 | *duːŋ |
| 鉖 | *duːŋ |
| 終 | *tjuŋ |
| 螽 | *tjuŋ |
| 鼨 | *tjuŋ |
| 柊 | *tjuŋ |
| 鴤 | *tjuŋ |
| 泈 | *tjuŋ |
| 蔠 | *tjuŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ / dung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ / dung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng / dūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ / dung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ / dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuwng
Rime :
| Character | 柊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職戎切 |
| Baxter | tsyuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2431 |
| Phonetic component | 冬 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 終 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjuŋ/ |

### Definitions

柊
* holly osmanthus

### Compounds

* 柊楑
* 柊樹 / 柊树 (zhōngshù)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C05078
* “柊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 柊 |
| Kyūjitai | 柊󠄁 柊+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 柊󠄃 柊+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* holly osmanthus (Osmanthus heterophyllus)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: ひいらぎ (hiiragi, 柊)
* Nanori: くき (kuki)、とう (tō)、ひ (hi)、ひい (hii)、ひいらぎ (hiiragi)、ひで (hide)、ひら (hira)、ふき (fuki)、らぎ (ragi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 柊
* ひいらぎ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 疼木 鮗
⟨pi$_1$pi$_1$ra ki$_2$⟩ → */pʲipʲiraɡʷi/ → /fifiraɡi/ → /hiwiraɡi/ → /hiːraɡi/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Appears to derive as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 疼ぐ (hīragu, “to hurt with a stinging pain”), in reference to the sharp thorns on the leaves.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “extend for "spotnape ponyfish" sense”)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひいらぎ [híꜜìràgì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çiːɾa̠ɡʲi]

#### Noun

柊(ひいらぎ) or 柊(ヒイラギ) • (hīragi)
* 疼木: Osmanthus heterophyllus, a species of flowering plants known as the holly olive, holly osmanthus, or false holly
    Hypernym: 木犀 (mokusei)
* a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of hīragi leaves
* 鮗: Nuchequula nuchalis, the spotnape ponyfish

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒイラギ.

##### Derived terms

* 柊(ひいらぎ)鰯(いわし) (hiiragi-iwashi, “sardine and holly charm”)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)樫(ガシ) (hiiragigashi)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)崎(さき) (Hiiragisaki)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)挿(さ)す (hiiragi sasu)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)沢(さわ), 柊(ひいらぎ)澤(さわ) (Hiiragisawa)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)澤(ざわ) (Hiiragizawa)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)草(ソウ) (hiiragisō, “Ajuga incisa”)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)冬青(ソヨゴ) (hiiragi soyogo)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)連朶(デンダ) (hiiragi denda)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)菜(ナ) (hiiragina, “mizuna”)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)南天(ナンテン) (hiiragi nanten, “Mahonia japonica”)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)野(の) (Hiiragino)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)原(はら) (Hiiragihara)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)木犀(モクセイ) (hiiragi mokusei)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)本(もと) (Hiiragimoto)
* 柊(ヒイラギ)黐(モチ) (hiiragimochi)
* 柊(ひいらぎ)山(やま) (Hiiragiyama)
* 支那(シナ)柊(ヒイラギ) (Shina hiiragi)
* 西洋(セイヨウ)柊(ヒイラギ) (seiyō hiiragi)
* 斑(フ)入(イリ)柊(ヒイラギ) (fuiri hiiragi)

#### Proper noun

柊(ひいらぎ) • (Hīragi)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 柊
* ひらぎ Jinmeiyō
* irregular
/hiːraɡi/ → /hiraɡi/
Shift from hīragi above.

#### Noun

柊(ひらぎ) or 柊(ヒラギ) • (hiragi)
* Same as ひいらぎ (hīragi) above

#### Proper noun

柊(ひらぎ) • (Hiragi)
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 柊
* しゅう Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
/t͡ɕɨu/ → /ɕʲuː/ → /ɕuː/
From Middle Chinese 柊 (MC tsyuwng).

#### Proper noun

柊(しゅう) • (Shū)
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1118 (paper), page 610 (digital)
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

柊 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柊: Hán Nôm readings: dông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.