# پنجره
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پنجره (panjere, “window, lattice”).

### Noun

پنجره • (pencere) (definite accusative پنجره‌یی (pencereyi), plural پنجره‌لر (pencereler))
* window, an opening which allows light and air from the outside to enter a building
    Synonyms: دریچه (deriçe), روزن (revzen)

#### Derived terms

* جاملو پنجره (camlı pencere, “glass window”)
* دوردول پنجره (dördül pencere, “square window”)
* طوان پنجره‌سی (tavan penceresi, “dormer-window”)
* قفسلی پنجره (kafesli pencere, “lattice window”)
* پرمقلو پنجره (parmaklı pencere, “grilled window”)
* پنجره آچلمق (pencere açilmak, “for a window, to be opened”)
* پنجره اچمق (pencere açmak, “to open a window”)
* پنجره بكجیسی (pencere bekcisi, “shameless person”, literally “window guard”)
* پنجره خرسزی (pencere hırsızı, “shameless person”, literally “window thief”)
* چیچكلو پنجره (çiçekli pencere, “half-opened window”)
* یر پنجره‌سی (yer penceresi, “spiracle”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: pencere
* → Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
* → Albanian: penxhere
* → Crimean Tatar: pencere
* → Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
* → Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “پنجره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 410
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “pencere”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3818
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “پنجره”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 127a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پنجره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 324
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Fenestra”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 561
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “پنجره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 895
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pencere”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پنجره”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 454

## Persian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit पिञ्जर (piñjara, “cage, skeleton”), itself from Sanskrit पञ्जर (pañjara).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pan.d͡ʒa.ɾa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰæn.d͡ʒæ.ɹe]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰän.d͡ʒä.ɾä]

### Noun

| Dari | کلکین |
| Iranian Persian | پنجره |
| Tajik | тиреза |
پَنْجَرِه • (panjare) (plural پنجره‌ها (panjare-hâ))
* (now especially Iran) window, lattice
    پنجره رو باز کردم ولی هوا هنوز خیلی گرمه.panjare ro bâz kardam vali havâ hanuz xeyli garm-e.I opened the window but it's still very hot.

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: pəncərə
* → Gagauz: pencerä
* → Georgian: ფანჯარა (panǯara)
* → Khalaj: pəncərə
* → Middle Armenian: փանջարայ (pʻanǰaray), փանճարայ (pʻančaray)
** Armenian: փանջարա (pʻanǰara)
* → Ottoman Turkish: پنجره (pencere)
** Turkish: pencere
** → Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
** → Albanian: penxhere
** → Crimean Tatar: pencere
** → Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
** → Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer
* → Turkmen: penjire

### References

* ↑ Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 106 Nr. 308 fn. 133