# 走狗
## Chinese

* 走狗 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Running dog (English)

### Etymology

Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the "hunting dog" sense.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǒugǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^2$ gau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chéu-kiéu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cháu-káu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǒugǒu [Phonetic: zóugǒu]
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǒugǒu
*** Wade–Giles: tsou$^3$-kou$^3$
*** Yale: dzǒu-gǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoougoou
*** Palladius: цзоугоу (czougou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^2$ gau$^2$
*** Yale: jáu gáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^2$ gau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^2$ geo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chéu-kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: zeu$^ˋ$ gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zeu$^3$ gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯³¹ ki̯eu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu-káu
*** Tâi-lô: tsáu-káu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaw'kao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsuwX|tsuwH kuwX
Rime :
| Character | 走 | 走 | 狗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 子苟切 | 則候切 | 古厚切 |
| Baxter | tsuwX | tsuwH | kuwX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səw$^X$/ | /t͡səw$^H$/ | /kəw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡su$^X$/ | /t͡su$^H$/ | /ku$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ | /kəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sə̯u$^X$/ | /t͡sə̯u$^H$/ | /kə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǒu | zòu | gǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^2$ | zau$^3$ | gau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤoʔ Cə.kˤroʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːʔ|ʔsoːs koːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 走 | 狗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǒu | gǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsuw$^X$ › | ‹ kuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁoʔ/ | /*Cə.kˁroʔ/ |
| English | run | dog |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 走 | 走 | 狗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17906 | 17907 | 7068 |
| Phonetic component | 走 | 走 | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 走 | 奏 | 苟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsoːʔ/ | /*ʔsoːs/ | /*koːʔ/ |

### Noun

走狗
* (literary) hunting dog; hound
* (literary, historical) dog racing game in ancient times
* (figurative, politics, derogatory) running dog; lackey; cat's paw; person subservient to counterrevolutionary or evil interests
    資本家的走狗／资本家的走狗 ― zīběnjiā de zǒugǒu ― running dog of capitalists
    From: 1968, Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao's "The Movement of World Revolution" (毛主席论世界革命)
    Zhèxiē guójiā de rénmín qǐlái fǎnduì měidìguózhǔyì de hé qítā dìguózhǔyì de zǒugǒu, yě jiùshì fǎnduì dìguózhǔyì de fǎndòng tǒngzhì. [Pinyin]
    People opposed to the reactionary rule of imperialism in these countries are rising up against U.S. imperialism and other running dogs of imperialism.
* (literary, humble) self-deprecating form of address for oneself; the servant me; I, the follower

#### Synonyms

* (hunting dog): 獵狗／猎狗 (liègǒu), 獵犬／猎犬 (lièquǎn); (Xiang) 趕山狗／赶山狗
* (running dog):
* 共犯 (gòngfàn)
* 共謀 / 共谋 (gòngmóu)
* 同夥 / 同伙 (tónghuǒ)
* 同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
* 同犯 (tóngfàn)
* 同謀 / 同谋 (tóngmóu)
* 同謀犯 / 同谋犯 (tóngmóufàn)
* 同黨 / 同党 (tóngdǎng)
* 幫兇 / 帮凶 (bāngxiōng)
* 爪牙 (zhǎoyá) (figurative, derogatory)
* 狗腿 (gǒutuǐ) (figurative, derogatory)
* 狗腿子 (gǒutuǐzi) (figurative, derogatory)
* 走卒 (zǒuzú)
* 鷹犬 / 鹰犬 (yīngquǎn) (figurative)

#### Descendants

* → English: running dog (calque)

### Verb

走狗
* (literary) to make a dog run or hunt

### Derived terms

* 狡兔死，走狗烹
* 走狗烹
* 飛鷹走狗 / 飞鹰走狗
* 鬥雞走狗 / 斗鸡走狗

### References

* ↑ 文若愚 (2014) 语言常识全知道, 中国华侨出版社

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 走 | 狗 |
| そう Grade: 2 | く Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

走(そう)狗(く) • (sōku)
* hound
* a tool of another person, cat's paw
** 1929, 小林多喜二, 不在地主:
    警(けい)察(さつ)は如何(いか)にも君(きみ)等(ら)の言(い)う通(とお)り、資(し)本(ほん)家(か)の走(そう)狗(く)だ。
       Keisatsu wa ika ni mo kimi-ra no iu-tōri, shihonka no sōku da.
       Like you all said, those police are nothing more than capitalist tools.