# 紀

| 紀 | U+7D00, &#32000; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D00 |
| ← 糿 [U+7CFF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紁 → [U+7D01] |
| 紀 | U+2F96A, &#194922; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96A |
| ← 糣 [U+2F969] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 𥾆 → [U+2F96B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

紀 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火尸山 (VFSU), four-corner 2791$_7$, composition ⿰糹己)

#### Derived characters

* 𪦏

#### Related characters

* 纪 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27234
* Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3366, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7D00
* Unihan data for U+2F96A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 改 | *klɯːʔ |
| 跽 | *ɡrɯʔ |
| 己 | *kɯʔ |
| 紀 | *kɯʔ |
| 妀 | *kɯʔ |
| 記 | *kɯs |
| 杞 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 屺 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 芑 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 邔 | *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs |
| 玘 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 忌 | *ɡɯs |
| 鵋 | *ɡɯs |
| 誋 | *ɡɯs |
| 梞 | *ɡɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 己 (OC *kɯʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jì, jǐ (ji$^4$, ji$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ, ㄐㄧˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җи (ži, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei$^2$ / gei$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ki
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gī
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kí / kì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^2$ / gi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
* jì - standard in Mainland for senses other than the surname, variant in Mainland for the surname, standard in Taiwan for all senses;
* jǐ - standard in Mainland for the surname, variant in Taiwan for all senses.
* Middle Chinese: kiX
Rime :
| Character | 紀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居里切 |
| Baxter | kiX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 紀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ki$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)əʔ/ |
| English | leading thread |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5766 |
| Phonetic component | 己 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯʔ/ |

### Definitions

紀
* rule; discipline
    軍紀／军纪 ― jūnjì ― military discipline
* century
* (geology) period (geochronologic unit)
    寒武紀／寒武纪 ― Hánwǔjì ― the Cambrian Period
    侏羅紀／侏罗纪 ― Zhūluójì ― the Jurassic Period
* a surname
    紀昀／纪昀 ― Jǐ Yún ― Ji Yun (Chinese scholar and official during the Qing dynasty)
* Alternative form of 記 / 记 (jì, “record; annal; historical account”)

### Compounds

* 上年紀 / 上年纪 (shàng niánjì)
* 三疊紀 / 三叠纪 (Sāndié Jì)
* 不可勝紀 / 不可胜纪
* 世界紀錄 / 世界纪录 (shìjiè jìlù)
* 世紀 / 世纪 (shìjì)
* 世紀末 / 世纪末 (shìjìmò)
* 中世紀 / 中世纪 (zhōngshìjì)
* 亂紀 / 乱纪
* 事物紀原 / 事物纪原
* 二疊紀 / 二叠纪 (Èrdié Jì)
* 人紀 / 人纪
* 侏羅紀 / 侏罗纪 (Zhūluó Jì)
* 倫紀 / 伦纪
* 列王紀 / 列王纪 (Lièwángjì)
* 創世紀 / 创世纪 (Chuàngshìjì)
* 創紀錄 / 创纪录 (chuàng jìlù)
* 半紀 / 半纪
* 南紀 / 南纪
* 喪紀 / 丧纪
* 國紀 / 国纪 (guójì)
* 壽紀 / 寿纪
* 天紀 / 天纪
* 奧陶紀 / 奥陶纪 (Àotáo Jì)
* 女紀 / 女纪
* 安分守紀 / 安分守纪
* 官紀 / 官纪 (guānjì)
* 客綱客紀 / 客纲客纪
* 寒武紀 / 寒武纪 (Hánwǔ Jì)
* 尊紀 / 尊纪
* 小小年紀 / 小小年纪
* 小本經紀 / 小本经纪
* 小經紀 / 小经纪
* 干紀
* 年紀 / 年纪 (niánjì)
* 後漢紀 / 后汉纪
* 志留紀 / 志留纪 (Zhìliú Jì)
* 恩紀 / 恩纪
* 打破紀錄 / 打破纪录
* 指紋紀錄 / 指纹纪录
* 擔干紀 / 担干纪
* 政紀 / 政纪 (zhèngjì)
* 敗法亂紀 / 败法乱纪
* 新世紀 / 新世纪
* 新紀元 / 新纪元 (xīnjìyuán)
* 新紀錄 / 新纪录
* 曆紀 / 历纪
* 有年紀 / 有年纪
* 本紀 / 本纪 (běnjì)
* 歷歷可紀 / 历历可纪
* 泥盆紀 / 泥盆纪 (Nípén Jì)
* 法紀 / 法纪 (fǎjì)
* 涑水紀聞 / 涑水纪闻
* 滅紀 / 灭纪
* 漫無紀律 / 漫无纪律
* 漢紀 / 汉纪
* 由紀 / 由纪
* 白堊紀 / 白垩纪 (Bái'è Jì)
* 目無法紀 / 目无法纪 (mùwúfǎjì)
* 石炭紀 / 石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
* 破紀錄 / 破纪录
* 票房紀錄 / 票房纪录
* 竹書紀年 / 竹书纪年 (Zhúshū Jìnián)
* 紀事 / 纪事 (jìshì)
* 紀傳體 / 纪传体
* 紀元 / 纪元 (jìyuán)
* 紀南 / 纪南 (Jìnán)
* 紀子 / 纪子
* 紀實 / 纪实 (jìshí)
* 紀年 / 纪年 (jìnián)
* 紀序 / 纪序
* 紀律 / 纪律 (jìlǜ)
* 紀念 / 纪念 (jìniàn)
* 紀念信封 / 纪念信封
* 紀念冊 / 纪念册 (jìniàncè)
* 紀念品 / 纪念品 (jìniànpǐn)
* 紀念堂 / 纪念堂 (jìniàntáng)
* 紀念塔 / 纪念塔 (jìniàntǎ)
* 紀念幣 / 纪念币 (jìniànbì)
* 紀念日 / 纪念日 (jìniànrì)
* 紀念會 / 纪念会 (jìniànhuì)
* 紀念物 / 纪念物 (jìniànwù)
* 紀念碑 / 纪念碑 (jìniànbēi)
* 紀念郵票 / 纪念邮票
* 紀念章 / 纪念章 (jìniànzhāng)
* 紀念館 / 纪念馆 (jìniànguǎn)
* 紀略 / 纪略
* 紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng)
* 紀聞 / 纪闻
* 紀行 / 纪行
* 紀要 / 纪要 (jìyào)
* 紀錄 / 纪录 (jìlù)
* 紀錄片 / 纪录片
* 統紀 / 统纪
* 經紀 / 经纪 (jīngjì)
* 經紀人 / 经纪人 (jīngjìrén)
* 經紀人家 / 经纪人家
* 綱常倫紀 / 纲常伦纪
* 綱紀 / 纲纪 (gāngjì)
* 綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
* 職方外紀 / 职方外纪
* 西曆紀元 / 西历纪元
* 詞林紀事 / 词林纪事
* 議事紀錄 / 议事纪录
* 跨世紀 / 跨世纪
* 軍紀 / 军纪 (jūnjì)
* 違法亂紀 / 违法乱纪 (wéifǎluànjì)
* 違紀 / 违纪 (wéijì)
* 違紀參選 / 违纪参选
* 風紀 / 风纪 (fēngjì)
* 飭紀 / 饬纪
* 養家經紀 / 养家经纪
* 首開紀錄 / 首开纪录
* 黨紀 / 党纪 (dǎngjì)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 紀 |
| Kyūjitai | 紀󠄂 紀+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* narrative; account

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: いとぐち (itoguchi, 紀)、おさめる (osameru, 紀める)、しるす (shirusu, 紀す)、のり (nori, 紀)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、おさ (osa)、おさむ (osamu)、かず (kazu)、かなめ (kaname)、こと (koto)、しるす (shirusu)、すみ (sumi)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、ただす (tadasu)、つぐ (tsugu)、つな (tsuna)、とし (toshi)、とも (tomo)、のり (nori)、はじめ (hajime)、もと (moto)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 紀(き)元(げん) (kigen)
* 紀(き)元(げん)前(ぜん) (kigenzen)
* 紀(き)行(こう) (kikō)
* 記(き)紀(き) (Ki-Ki)
* 世(せい)紀(き) (seiki)
* 千(せん)年(ねん)紀(き) (sennenki)
* 三(さん)畳(じょう)紀(き) (Sanjōki)
* 二(に)畳(じょう)紀(き) (Nijōki)
* 白(はく)亜(あ)紀(き) (Hakuaki)
* ペルム紀(き) (Perumuki)
* 紀(き)伊(い) (Kī)
* 紀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 紀
* き Grade: 5
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 紀 (MC kiX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲi]

### Noun

紀(き) • (ki)
* chronicle, written record
* (geology) period
    ジュラ紀(き) ― jura-ki ― Jurassic Period

### Proper noun

紀(き) • (Ki)
* a surname
* Short for 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Nihon Shoki”).
* Short for 紀伊 (Kii, “Kii Province”).

### Affix

紀(き) • (ki)
* rule; regulation
* age; era; period
* to record; to write down

### References

* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 933 (paper), page 479 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

紀 (eumhun 벼리 기 (byeori gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“the guide ropes at the edge of a fishing net, index, contents (of a book)”)

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

紀: Hán Việt readings: kỉ, kỷ, kỹ, kĩ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.