# 考試
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kǎoshì
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ ㄕˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kao$^3$ si$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кошу (košu, II-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haau$^2$ si$^5$ / haau$^2$ si$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hau$^2$ si$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kháu-sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): kau$^ˊ$ shi$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kō̤-sé̤ṳ / kō̤-sé
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khó-chhì / khóⁿ-chhì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kao$^2$ ci$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khau-sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎoshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎoshìh
*** Wade–Giles: kʻao$^3$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: kǎu-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaoshyh
*** Palladius: каоши (kaoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$考試 / 考试 考釋 / 考释
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kao$^3$ si$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kaos
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰau⁵³ sz̩²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кошу (košu, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔ⁵¹ ʂou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haau$^2$ si$^5$ / haau$^2$ si$^3$
*** Yale: háau síh / háau si
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haau$^2$ si$^5$ / haau$^2$ si$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hao$^2$ xi$^5$ / hao$^2$ xi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːu̯³⁵ siː¹³/, /haːu̯³⁵ siː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hau$^2$ si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hau⁵⁵ si³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: kau$^ˋ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kau$^3$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kau$^ˊ$ shi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰau²⁴⁻³³ ʃi¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kō̤-sé̤ṳ / kō̤-sé
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$løy²¹³/, /kʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$lɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-chhì
*** Tâi-lô: khó-tshì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoychix
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ-chhì
*** Tâi-lô: khónn-tshì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qvofchix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kao$^2$ ci$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kháu tshì
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰi²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khau-sy
*** MiniDict: khau$^去$ sy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khau-sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khawX syiH
Rime :
| Character | 考 | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 苦浩切 | 式吏切 |
| Baxter | khawX | syiH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaw$^X$/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǎo | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hou$^2$ | si$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤuʔ l̥ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ hljɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 考 | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kǎo | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khaw$^X$ › | ‹ syi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k-r̥ˁuʔ/ | /*l̥ək-s/ |
| English | old; deceased father | test, try |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 考 | 試 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7404 | 14971 |
| Phonetic component | 丂 | 弋 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 考 | 試 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰluːʔ/ | /*hljɯɡs/ |

### Noun

考試
* test (of a person's proficiency or knowledge); examination; exam (Classifier: 次 m; 場／场 m; 門／门 m)
    模擬考試／模拟考试 ― mónǐ kǎoshì ― mock test
    期末考試／期末考试 ― qīmò kǎoshì ― end-of-term examination
       Yàoshi kǎoshì bù jígé dehuà, zěnme bàn? [Pinyin]
       If I don't pass my exams, what do I do?
       Tā de kǎoshì chéngjì hěn hǎo. [Pinyin]
       His exam result is very good.
       Liǎng tiān yào zhǔnbèi bā mén de kǎoshì, tā kǒngpà chībùxiāo. [Pinyin]
       She feared she wouldn't be able to handle preparing for eight exams in two days.

#### Derived terms

* 入學考試 / 入学考试 (rùxué kǎoshì)
* 公考 (gōngkǎo)
* 標準化考試 / 标准化考试 (biāozhǔnhuà kǎoshì)
* 漢語水平考試 / 汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
* 考公 (kǎogōng)

### Verb

考⫽試 (verb-object)
* to take a test; to sit an examination; to have an exam
    我今天考試了。／我今天考试了。 ― Wǒ jīntiān kǎoshì le. ― I had an exam today.
       Dàbùfèn de xuéshēng dōu kǎo wán le shì. [Pinyin]
       Most of the students have finished the exam.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 考試, 測試, 課試 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 考試 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 考試 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 考試 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 考試 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 考試 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 考試 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 考試 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 考試 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 考試 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 考試 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 考試 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 考試 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 考試 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 考試 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 考試 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 考試 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 考試 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 考試 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 考試 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 考試 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 考試 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 考試 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 考試 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 考試 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 考試 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 考試 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 考試 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 考試 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 考試 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 考試 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 考書 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 考冊 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 考冊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 考冊 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 考冊 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 考冊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 考書 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 考試 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 考試 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 考試 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 考試 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 考書 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 考試 |
| Wu | Danyang | 考試 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 考試 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 考試 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 考試 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 考試 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 考字 |

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 考(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
* → Korean: 고시(考試) (gosi)
* → Vietnamese: khảo thí (考試)

### See also

* 測驗／测验 (cèyàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 考 | 試 |
| こう Grade: 2 | し Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

考(こう)試(し) • (kōshi)
* test; exam

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 考 | 試 |

### Noun

考試 • (gosi) (hangeul 고시)
* hanja form of 고시 (“examination, exam, test”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 考 | 試 |

### Noun

考試
* chữ Hán form of khảo thí (“examination, exam, test”).