OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ulus
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ulus
* plural of ulu

### Etymology 2

From Russian улу́с (ulús), from Yakut улуус (uluus).

#### Noun

ulus (plural uluses)
* An administrative division of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, similar to райо́н (rajón, “district”) in Russia proper.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Sulu, sulu

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اولوس (ulus), from a Mongolic source, compare Mongolian улс (uls, “state, country”), from Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (uluš, “country, realm”) which is likely related to Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (üleš-, “allot, to separate”), therefore from Proto-Turkic *üle- (“to divide, distribute, endow”). see more at üleş and üleşmek. Cognate with Azerbaijani ulus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uɫus/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ulus (definite accusative ulusu, plural uluslar)
* nation
    Synonyms: millet, halk

#### Derived terms

* ulusal
* ulusçu
* uluslararası
* uluslarüstü
* uluslaşmak
* uluslu
* ulussuz

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ulus”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill: “*üle-”
# Häschenwitz
## German
### Etymology

From Häschen (“little hare”) +‎ Witz (“joke”).
It is believed that the jokes originated in the GDR and poked fun at the disfunctional Socialist economy. When they spread to West Germany, they became entirely unpolitical, however.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɛːsçənˌvɪts/, [ˈhɛːs.çənˌvɪt͡s], [ˈheːs-]

### Noun

Häschenwitz m (strong, genitive Häschenwitzes, plural Häschenwitze, diminutive Häschenwitzchen n)
* A kind of joke, popular in Germany especially in the 1970s and 80s, involving a hare that speaks in a defective child-like accent and is only interested in carrots, his catchphrase being hattu Möhrchen? (“do you have carrots?”).

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.
# Prydwen
## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh Prydwen, from pryd (“appearance, shape, form”) + gwen, feminine of gwyn (“white, fair”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprədwɛn/

### Proper noun

Prydwen f
* (Arthurian legend) the ship of King Arthur.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “Prydwen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# пузати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьlzati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pûzati/
* Hyphenation: пу‧за‧ти

### Verb

пу̏зати impf (Latin spelling pȕzati)
* (intransitive) to crawl
* (intransitive) to creep
* (intransitive) to cringe

#### Derived terms

* ѝспузати
* о̀тпузати
* спу̏зати
* у̀пузати
* у̀спузати
# զգոյշ
## Armenian
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “By surface analysis, զ- (z-) +‎ գոյշ (goyš, “careful”), the latter an Iranian borrowing; see Persian گوش (guš, “ear”) for more on the root.”

### Adjective

զգոյշ • (zgoyš) (superlative ամենազգոյշ)
* Traditional orthography spelling of զգույշ (zguyš)
* (dated, Western Armenian) Alternative spelling of զգուշ (zguš)

#### Usage notes

This form is dated in Western Armenian but current in Eastern Armenian due to spelling pronunciation in the latter.

#### Declension
### Adverb

զգոյշ • (zgoyš)
* Traditional orthography spelling of զգույշ (zguyš)
* (dated, Western Armenian) Alternative spelling of զգուշ (zguš)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “զգոյշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “զգոյշ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 236a
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “գոյշ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 167b
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 115–116
# надити
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Most likely from Proto-Slavic *na (“on”) + Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”), with the semantic shift: to put on → to hook, to bait (fish) → to attract, to allure. Compare a nearly identical formation: наді́ти (nadíty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnadete]

### Verb

на́дити • (nádyty) impf (transitive)
* to attract, to draw, to entice, to tempt, to allure
    Synonyms: ва́бити (vábyty), прива́блювати (pryvábljuvaty), притя́гувати (prytjáhuvaty), притяга́ти (prytjaháty), мани́ти (manýty), спокуша́ти (spokušáty), прина́джувати (prynádžuvaty), прима́нювати (prymánjuvaty), зама́нювати (zamánjuvaty)
* to bait (fish)

#### Derived terms

* на́дитися impf (nádytysja)
* она́да f (onáda)
* ви́надити pf (výnadyty), вина́джувати impf (vynádžuvaty)
* відна́дити pf (vidnádyty), відна́джувати impf (vidnádžuvaty)
* відна́дитися pf (vidnádytysja), відна́джуватися impf (vidnádžuvatysja)
* вна́дитися pf (vnádytysja), вна́джуватися impf (vnádžuvatysja)
* зана́дити pf (zanádyty), зана́джувати impf (zanádžuvaty)
* зана́дитися pf (zanádytysja), зана́джуватися impf (zanádžuvatysja)
* зна́дити pf (znádyty), зна́джувати impf (znádžuvaty)
* зна́дитися pf (znádytysja), зна́джуватися impf (znádžuvatysja)
* перена́дити pf (perenádyty), перена́джувати impf (perenádžuvaty)
* пона́дити pf (ponádyty)
* прина́дити pf (prynádyty), прина́джувати impf (prynádžuvaty)
* уна́дитися pf (unádytysja), уна́джуватися impf (unádžuvatysja)

#### Related terms

* діва́ти impf (diváty)
* ді́ти impf (díty)
* ді́яти impf (díjaty)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “надити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “надити”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “надити”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “надити”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “надити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “надити”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “надити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# مثانة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From ث ن ي (ṯ n y) meaning to be doubled, to bend or curve into two equal parts, to be folded over. Alternatively from ث ن ن (ṯ n n), meaning to be lowest or closest to the ground, the lowest part of a human abdomen, the space between the bellybutton and the beginning of the pubic region.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.θaː.na/

### Noun

مَثَانَة • (maṯāna) f (plural مَثَانَات (maṯānāt) or مَثَائِن (maṯāʔin))
* (anatomy) urinary bladder
* (anatomy) a cyst
* a sac
* a pocket or pouch

#### References

* ↑ “ثنى” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 356-361, meaning of two, double, folded in half, hence pocket and bladder.
* ↑ “ثنن” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 356, meaning fetlock of a horse, the lowest part of a human abdomen, heaped up tangled herbage likened to the hair of a fetlock or the beginning of human pubic hair, to be old and decrepit, all linked to the root concept of being lowered.
# sedu
## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sedu (“hiccough”). Doublet of sendu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sədu/
* Rhymes: -ədu, -du, -u

### Verb

sedu (Jawi spelling سدو)
* to sob; to pant when mourning or crying

#### Derived terms

* bersedu
* bersedu-sedu
* tersedu
* tersedu-sedu

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: sedu

### Further reading

* “sedu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - *sedu

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [seˈdu]

### Verb

sedu
* second-person singular imperative of seduce

## Serbo-Croatian
### Adjective

sedu
* inflection of sed:
** indefinite masculine/neuter dative/locative singular
** feminine accusative singular

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈse.du]

### Verb

sedu
* (intransitive) to joke, jest

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# valgus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin valgus.

### Adjective

valgus (not comparable)
* knock-kneed (having the distal part of a limb displaced or twisted away from the midline of the body)

#### Derived terms

* hallux valgus
* talipes valgus

## Estonian
### Etymology

From valge +‎ -us. Cognate to Finnish valo (“light”) and Hungarian világ (“world”).

### Noun

valgus (genitive valguse, partitive valgust)
* light

#### Derived terms

* valgusfoor
* valguskiir
* valgustama
* valgusti

## French
### Adjective

valgus (invariable)
* knock-kneed

### Further reading

* “valgus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Cognate with Latin volvō (“I roll”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯al.ɡus/, [ˈu̯äɫ̪ɡʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈval.ɡus/, [ˈvälɡus]

### Adjective

valgus (feminine valga, neuter valgum); first/second-declension adjective
* bent out
* bow-legged, bandy
* (figurative) wry, sarcastic

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Coordinate terms

* (bow-legged): vārus (knock-kneed)

#### Derived terms

* Valgius
* Valgus

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: valg
* → English: valgus
* → Translingual: Valgus

### References

* “valgus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* valgus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Latvian
### Adjective

valgus
* accusative plural masculine of valgs

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French valgus.

### Noun

valgus n (uncountable)
* valgus
# cryptanalysis
## English
### Alternative forms

* cryptoanalysis

### Etymology

From crypt- +‎ analysis.

### Noun

cryptanalysis (countable and uncountable, plural cryptanalyses)
* The science of analyzing and breaking of codes and ciphers.
* An analysis or decrypting of a specific text or a specific code or cipher.

#### Derived terms

* rubber-hose cryptanalysis

#### Related terms

* cryptanalyst
# guépard
## French
### Etymology

From an alteration, likely via Medieval Latin, of Italian gattopardo (“serval”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe.paʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

guépard m (plural guépards)
* cheetah

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: guepard
* → English: guepard
* → Portuguese: guepardo
* → Russian: гепа́рд (gepárd)

### Further reading

* “guépard”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
## English
### Alternative forms

* NAD (initialism)

### Noun

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (uncountable)
* (biochemistry) An organic coenzyme involved in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.
** 2017 March 24, Tom Bawden, Not getting any older may be possibility after key discovery, in the i, № 1,975, page 15/5:The treatment in mice involved boosting their levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) – a natural protein that already controls DNA repair in our body.

#### Synonyms

* (organic coenzyme): codehydrogenase I, coenzyme I, diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), nadide (NAD⁺)

#### Related terms

* nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
* nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# զգույշ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* զգուշ (zguš) — Western Armenian, informal Eastern Armenian

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian զգոյշ (zgoyš).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /zɡujʃ/, [zɡujʃ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /skuʃ/, [əskʰúʃ]

### Adjective

զգույշ • (zguyš) (traditional orthography spelling զգոյշ, superlative ամենազգույշ)
* careful, cautious, wary, circumspect

#### Declension
### Adverb

զգույշ • (zguyš)
* carefully, cautiously
# корчити
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ко́рчити (kórčiti), from Old East Slavic *кърчити (*kŭrčiti), from Proto-Slavic *kъrčiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔrt͡ʃete]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

ко́рчити • (kórčyty) impf (transitive)
* (3-rd person only) to contort, to twist, to tense
    Synonyms: крути́ти (krutýty), скру́чувати (skrúčuvaty), викру́чувати (vykrúčuvaty), криви́ти (kryvýty), скри́влювати (skrývljuvaty)
* (impersonal) to convulse, to spasm, to contort
    Synonym: судо́мити (sudómyty)
* to make/pull (a face)
* to act like, to pretend to be, to play
    Synonyms: удава́ти (udaváty), прикида́тися (prykydátysja)
* (dialectal, Western Ukraine) to uproot, to root up, to extirpate
    Synonym: (standard) корчува́ти (korčuváty)

#### Derived terms

* ко́рчення n (kórčennja)
* ко́рчитися impf (kórčytysja)
* переко́рчити pf (perekórčyty), переко́рчувати impf (perekórčuvaty)
* підко́рчити pf (pidkórčyty), підко́рчувати impf (pidkórčuvaty)
* поко́рчити pf (pokórčyty)
* ско́рчити pf (skórčyty), ско́рчувати impf (skórčuvaty)
* ско́рчитися pf (skórčytysja), ско́рчуватися impf (skórčuvatysja)

#### Related terms

* корчма́ f (korčmá)
* корчува́ти impf (korčuváty)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “корчити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “корчити”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “корчити”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “корчити”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “корчити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “корчити”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “корчити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# بزبز
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the reduplicated root ب ز ب ز (b z b z).

### Verb

بَزْبَزَ • (bazbaza) Iq (non-past يُبَزْبِزُ (yubazbizu), verbal noun بَزْبَزَة (bazbaza))
* to lose, to be defeated
* (transitive) to move with force
* to handle, to repair
# hernes
## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *herneh, from a Balto-Slavic language, compare Latvian zirnis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhernes/, [ˈ(h)ernes]

### Noun

hernes (genitive herne, partitive hernest)
* pea

#### Derived terms

* hernejahu
* hernesupp

### Further reading

* “hernes”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “hernes”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “hernes”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* hernes in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* harnes, harns, hærnes, herenes, hernez, herns, hernys

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English hærnes, plural of hærn, from Proto-West Germanic *hirʀnī, from Proto-Germanic *hirzniją.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɛrn(ə)s/, /ˈharn(ə)s/

### Noun

hernes pl (plural only)
* brains; the mental organ of a living being.

#### Derived terms

* herne panne

#### Descendants

* English: harns
* Scots: harns

#### References

* “hernes, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-06.
# ddakji
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Korean 딱지 (ttakji).

### Noun

ddakji (countable and uncountable, plural ddakji)
* (countable) A folded square of paper used in several Korean games.
* (uncountable) A Korean game where a player must throw their ddakji at the other player's ddakji to try and flip it.
** 2023 December 7, Maya Salam, “‘Squid Game: The Challenge’: Hits, Misses and the Bizarre Ending”, in The New York Times‎:Instead, ddakji was played for dramatic effect earlier in the season — pitting two men who had forged a sweet bond against each other, making one of them briefly believe he’d been eliminated by his friend.
# Spockish
## English
### Etymology

From Spock +‎ -ish.

### Adjective

Spockish (comparative more Spockish, superlative most Spockish)
* Resembling or characteristic of the Star Trek character Mr. Spock, especially in being excessively logical and emotionless.
** 1997, Film review: Special: Issues 18-21:Gary Oldman is pale with pale blue eyes and Spockish ears.
** 1998, Grace Lee Whitney, Jim Denney, Leonard Nimoy, The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy, page 89:In the early shows, Leonard Nimoy and the various writers and directors struggled to find the Spockish response to emotionally charged situations.
** 2009, Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence, page 41:Rather like the Spockish character Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation, psychology is coming to appreciate the power and virtues of emotions in mental life, as well as their dangers.
** 2010, Ruth Hubbard, Gilles Paquet, The Case for Decentralized Federalism, page 211:It is not driven by the fiction of optimization in the manner of Dr. Spock in Star Trek―obsessively using high-tech logic tools. Such a Spockish approach often tends to mis-characterize the nature of the problem when the environment is complex, turbulent and evolving.
* Characteristic of Benjamin Spock (1903–1998), American pediatrician who introduced elements of psychoanalysis into childcare.
** 1994, John Barth, Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera:Circumcision of the goyim would not become the pediatric norm in America until the Spockish 1950's.
** 2001, Flavia Alaya, Under the Rose: A Confession, page 307:And the two of us, I already a bit refreshed perhaps by an hour's sleep, Harry longing for a touch of baby skin, would conspire to break the Spockish law and sneak him across the hall to spend some time with us in bed.

#### Synonyms

* (Benjamin Spock): Spockian
* (Mr Spock): Spockian
# ĉ

| ĉ | U+0109, &#265; LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX |
| Composition: | c [U+0063] + ◌̂ [U+0302] |
| ← Ĉ [U+0108] | Latin Extended-A | Ċ → [U+010A] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ĉ
* (international standards) Transliterates Telugu ౘ.
* (phonetics) Transcription in the Spanish tradition for [ʃ].

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* (letter name): IPA: /tʃo/
* (phoneme): IPA: /tʃ/

### Letter

ĉ (lower case, upper case Ĉ)
* The fourth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ĉo and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

### Particle

ĉ
* (text messaging) Abbreviation of ĉu.

### Preposition

ĉ
* Abbreviation of ĉirkaŭ (“around, about”).

## Mandarin
### Etymology

See ẑ.

### Romanization

ĉ
* Rare spelling of ch.
    Coordinate terms: ẑ, ĉ, ŝ

#### Usage notes

* 漢語拼音方案／汉语拼音方案 (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn Fāng'àn, “Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet”) specifies that ⟨ẑ⟩, ⟨ĉ⟩, ⟨ŝ⟩ and ⟨ŋ⟩ may be used as abbreviations for ⟨zh⟩, ⟨ch⟩, ⟨sh⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ respectively, though these are rarely used in practice.
# 횡단
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 橫斷 (“to cross, transverse”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸwe̞ŋda̠n] ~ [hø̞ŋda̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [휑단/횡단]

### Noun

횡단 • (hoengdan) (hanja 橫斷)
* crossing, transversal
    남북횡단열차 ― Nambukhoengdanyeolcha ― a train crossing between North and South [Korea]

#### Derived terms

* 횡단(橫斷)하다 (hoengdanhada, “to cross, traverse”)
* 횡단로(橫斷路) (hoengdallo, “shortcut”)
* 횡단보도(橫斷步道) (hoengdanbodo, “crosswalk, crossing”)
* 횡단선(橫斷線) (hoengdanseon, “transversal line”)
* 횡단육교(橫斷陸橋) (hoengdanyukgyo, “pedestrian bridge”)
# պահակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian պահակ (pahak), from Parthian [script needed] (pḥrg /⁠pahrag⁠/, “watch-post”). Compare Classical Persian پَهْرَه (pahra, “watch, guard”)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑˈhɑk/, [pɑhɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑˈhɑɡ/, [bɑhɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

պահակ • (pahak)
* guard, watchman
    Synonym: ախռաննիկ (axṙannik) (colloquial)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ François de Blois (2003) “Pahr(ag)bed”, in Aloïs van Tongerloo, editor, Iranica Selecta: Studies in Honour of Professor Wojciech Skalmowski on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday‎, Turnhout: Brepols, →DOI, pages 37-40:They belong with Avestan pāθra-, 'watch', Sogdian pʾδr, pʾrδ, pʾš, 'watch, service, respect', and Manichaean Parthian pḥr, pḥrg, 'watch-post', pḥrbr, pḥrgbʾn, 'watchman', with the abstract derivative pḥrgbʾnyft. Parthian pahrag (older pahrak) and pahragbān are reflected also by Armenian pahak and the Iranian title cited in Syriac as phrgbnʾ (for pahragbān with the Aramaic suffix -ā).
# nkauj
## White Hmong
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ᵑɡau̯˥˧/

### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Considered native Hmongic by Ratliff, though no reconstructed proto-form is given.”

#### Noun

nkauj
* a young unmarried female (classifier: tus)

##### Derived terms

* hluas nkauj (“young unmarried girl”)
* nkauj fa (“adulteress”)
* nkauj muag paj (“prostitute”)
* nkauj ntsuab nraug nas (“the legendary first woman and man”)
* nkauj nyab (“a (corncob) doll”)
* nkauj puas (“young female pig”)
* nkauj qaib (“a pullet, young hen”)
* tiav nkauj (“to come to young womanhood”)
* ua nkauj (“to come to young womanhood”)

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Seems like it could be related to Etymology 1, by semantic shift "young unmarried girl" > "pure and beautiful".”

#### Adjective

nkauj
* handsome, beautiful, pretty, precious

##### Derived terms

* zoo nkauj (“beautiful”)

### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Chinese 歌 (gē, “song”)?”

#### Noun

nkauj (classifier: zaj)
* a song, melody

##### Derived terms

* hais nkauj (“to sing (a song)”)
* hu nkauj (“to sing (a song)”)

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 152.
* ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25