OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# hào
## English
### Noun

hào (plural hào)
* A subdivision of currency, equal to one tenth of a Vietnamese dong.

### Anagrams

* AHO, HOA, Hoa, OHA, hoa, ǂHõã

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* hao — nonstandard

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Romanization

hào (hao$^4$, Zhuyin ㄏㄠˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 傐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 号
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 奴
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 好
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峼
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 悎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 昊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 昦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 晧
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 暞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 暤
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 暭
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 曍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 浩
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 涸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 淏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 滈
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 澔
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀥
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 灝 / 灏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皓, 暠, 皜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皥
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 睦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 睾
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 秏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 耗
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 聕
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 薃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 藃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 號 / 号
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鄗
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎬 / 镐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 顥 / 颢
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鰝 / 𱈋

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [haw˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [haw˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ha(ː)w˨˩]
* Phonetic spelling: hàu

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 毫.

#### Noun

hào
* (historical) hao, one tenth of đồng

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 壕.

#### Noun

(classifier cái, con) hào
* moat

##### Derived terms

* chiến hào

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蠔.

#### Alternative forms

* hàu

#### Noun

(classifier con) hào
* oyster

### Etymology 4
#### Romanization

hào
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 豪

##### Derived terms

* anh hào (英豪)
* cường hào ác bá (強豪惡霸)
* cường hào (強豪)
* hào hiệp (豪俠)
* hào hoa (豪華)
* hào hùng (豪雄)
* hào hứng (豪興)
* hào kiệt (豪傑)
* hào môn (豪門)
* hào phóng (豪放)
* hào quang (豪光)
* hào sảng (豪爽)
* hồng hào (紅豪)
* phú hào (富豪)
* thi hào (詩豪)
* tự hào (自豪)

### Anagrams

* hoà
# háo
## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* hao — nonstandard

### Romanization

háo (hao$^2$, Zhuyin ㄏㄠˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 儫
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 勂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 号
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗥
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘷
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 噑
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嚎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 壕
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 椃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 毫
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 滜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 濠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 獆
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 獋
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 獔
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皈
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 籇
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 虛 / 虚
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蚖
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蠔 / 蚝
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 諕 / 𬤀
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 譹 / 𬤫
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 豪
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 貇
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 貉
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠢕

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 好 (SV: hiếu). This form is from the verbal 好 (MC xawH, “to be fond of, to like”), while the reading hảo is from the adjectival 好 (MC xawX, “good”). In term of phonetic development, although it is not considered "standard" Sino-Vietnamese, háo would be the expected Sino-Vietnamese reflex of the verbal form, not hiếu.
Compare 告 (MC kawH), which has the regular reading cáo, while kiếu is non-SV.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [haːw˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [haːw˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [haːw˦˥]

### Verb

háo • (好, 𣉶)
* to crave (to want strongly)
    háo thắng/hiếu thắng ― competitive (literally, “hell-bent on winning”)
    háo sắc/hiếu sắc ― prone to chasing or hitting on women

#### Derived terms

* háo hức
* háo khí
* háo nước
* háo sắc
* háo thắng

### See also

* háu
* hiếu

### Anagrams

* hoá
# tù
## Corsican
### Alternative forms

* tè, tecu

### Etymology

From Latin tu, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Italian tu and French tu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtu/
* Hyphenation: tù
* Rhymes: -u

### Pronoun

tù
* thou, you (singular)
** 1990, Ghjacumu Thiers, A funtana d'Altea, →ISBN, page 75:Si hè calmatu Valeri, ti calmerai ancu tù...Valeri has calmed down, even you will calm down...
** 2005, Christian Dubois, A Bìbbia corsa [The Corsican Bible], Actes 11:14:Chì ti diciarà cose per mezu di e quale sarè salvu, tù è tutta a to casa.Who will tell you things through which you will be saved, you and your entire household.

#### Usage notes

* Since the Corsican verb already inflects by person, tù is dropped in most cases, being used chiefly for emphasis:
    Cosa voli per natale? ― What do you want for Christmas?
    Cosa tù voli per natale? ― What do you want for Christmas?

#### See also
### References

* “tù, tè, tecu” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

## Mandarin
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Romanization

tù (tu$^4$, Zhuyin ㄊㄨˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兎, 兔
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 堍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 菟
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵵 / 𱊆

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tu˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [tʊw˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tʊw˨˩]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 囚.

#### Noun

tù
* prison
* imprisonment; confinement
* prisoner

##### Derived terms

* tù tội

##### Descendants

* → Tai Dam: ꪕꪴ

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

tù
* (of body of water) stagnant

##### Derived terms

* ao tù
* tù đọng
* tù túng
# cùm
## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* cum

### Etymology

From Old Irish con·gaib. Cognate with Irish coinnigh and Manx cum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰuːm/
* (Lewis) IPA: [kʰə̃ʉ̃m]
* (Islay, north and mid Argyll, Lochaber) IPA: /kʰumː/
* (Perthshire) IPA: /kʰum/

### Verb

cùm (past chùm, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail, past participle cumta)
* keep, hold
    Cùm seo dhomhsa gu Dihaoine. ― Keep this for me till Friday.
    Chùm i an taigh glan. ― She kept the house clean.
    Cha do chùm e ris a’ bhargan. ― He didn’t keep [his part of] the bargain.
* keep, continue

#### Derived terms

* cùm ri
* cùm suas ri

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kum˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [kum˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kʊm˨˩]

### Noun

cùm • (柑)
* fetters

#### Derived terms

* gông cùm
# thô
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðoʊ/
* Rhymes: -oʊ

### Conjunction

thô
* (obsolete) Abbreviation of though.
** 1714, Mr. Asgill, The Succession of the House of Hannover Vindicated, Against the Pretender’s Second Declaration in Folio, intitled, The Hereditary Right of the Crown of England asserted, &c., J. Roberts, page 151:For thô he was one of our Authors Hereditary Kings, he claim'd no Power to convey the Crown, either by Cession, Resignation or Will.
** a. 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, [Letter]; republished as The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: 1708-1720, Oxford University Press, 1965, page 357:The whole shew lasted near 8 hours, to my great sorrow, who was heartily tir’d, thô I was in the House of the Widow of the Capitan Bassa (Admiral), who refresh’d me with Coffée, Sweetmeats, Sherbet, etc., with all possible Civillity.

### Anagrams

* toh, Toh, hot, OTH, o'th', oth, -oth, HOT

## Acehnese
### Pronunciation

IPA: /tho/

### Adjective

thô
* dry

## Muong
### Etymology

From Chinese 鬚 (MC sju). Cognate with Vietnamese râu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰo¹/

### Noun

thô
* (Mường Bi) beard; whiskers

#### References

* Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎, Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 粗.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tʰo˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [tʰow˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tʰow˧˧]

### Adjective

thô
* coarse, husky
* crude

#### See also

* thô bạo
* thô bỉ
* thô kệch
* thô lỗ
* thô mộc
* thô ráp
* thô sơ
* thô thiển
# ghì
## Ghomala'
### Verb

ghì
* to resonate

#### Related terms

* gì

### References

* Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)

## Neapolitan
### Verb

ghì
* Alternative spelling of ghire (“to go”)

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ɣi˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ɣɪj˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɣɪj˨˩]

### Verb

ghì • (持, 掑)
* to hold tightly, to tightly embrace

#### Derived terms

* ôm ghì
# 지도책
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 地圖冊.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕido̞t͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕido̞t͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [지도책/지도첵]

### Noun

지도책 • (jidochaek) (hanja 地圖冊)
* atlas
# hít
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse hít.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hʊiːt/
* Rhymes: -ʊiːt

### Noun

hít f (genitive singular hítar, plural hítir)
* bag
* fingerstall
* condom

#### Declension
## Tlingit
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hít]

### Noun

hít (plural hítxʼ)
* house
    Héen t’iká át la.áa du hídi.His house sits beside the river.

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *hiːt, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *hiit ~ *hət (“to sniff, pant”); cognate with Khmer ហិត (hət), Pacoh hít, Mang hic⁷.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hit̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [hit̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [hɨt̚˦˥]

### Verb

hít • (歇, 𪗀)
* to breathe in; to inhale
    Antonym: thở

#### Derived terms

* hít đất
* hít hà
* hít thở
* hút hít

### Anagrams

* thí
# tỉnh
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* t.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tïŋ˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [tɨn˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tɨn˨˩˦]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 省, from Literary Chinese 省 (“government department; province”). The same classical Chinese word still keeps its original meaning in North Korean 성 (seong) and Japanese 省 (“ministry”). China and South Korea now use 部 (bộ, “ministry”). Japanese prefectures are natively called 県 (ken), which is a cognate to huyện (“suburban district”).
A more regular SV reflex of 省 (MC srjaengX) "province" should be **sảnh; this attested reflex likely arose from confusion with 省 (MC sjengX) "to inspect; to understand; to greet; to visit".

#### Noun

tỉnh
* one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, translates to English province, opposed to a ung ương; itself is divided into its tỉnh lị/thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh (“provincial capital”) and huyện (“provincial district”)
    tỉnh lẻ ― provinces, as places that are not as developed as thành phố trực thuộc trung ương and therefore more humbling
    dân tỉnh lẻ ― "small town" folks
    tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc ― Vĩnh Phúc Province
    lệnh của tỉnh đưa về xã ― a decree handed down to the commune from the province
    Họ Hồ có nguồn gốc từ làng Quỳnh Đôi, xã Quỳnh Đôi, huyện Quỳnh Đôi, tỉnh Nghệ An.The Hồ clan hails from Quỳnh Đôi village, Quỳnh Đôi commune, Quỳnh Đôi district, Nghệ An province.
* an administrative division that translates to English province in other countries
    tỉnh Hồ Bắc ― Hubei Province
* an administrative division that translates to English prefecture, for example in French or Japanese territories
    tỉnh Gifu ― Gifu Prefecture
* (metonymically) provincial capital
    lên tỉnh mua hàng ― going into town to buy goods

##### Usage notes

Tỉnh is the usual term for "province", especially for provinces within a unitary state. Tỉnh bang is used to refer to the confederated provinces of Canada.

##### Synonyms

* (province): tỉnh bang
* (provincial capital): tỉnh lỵ, tỉnh lị

##### Derived terms

* lên tỉnh
* tỉnh bang
* tỉnh lị
* tỉnh thành

##### Related terms

* bang; huyện; quận; tiểu bang

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 醒 (“to awake”).

#### Verb

tỉnh
* (intransitive) to be alert, to be conscious
    Sốt nhiều nhưng vẫn tỉnh.Running a high fever but still alert.
    tỉnh lại ― to regain consciousness, to regain mental clarity, to come to one's senses
* (intransitive) to awaken
** 1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều [The Tale of Kiều]:Tỉnh ra mới biết là mình chiêm baoIt was when I woke up did I know I had been dreaming
* (intransitive) to sober up
* to remain unconcerned or unfazed
    tỉnh như sáo ― to be completely unfazed

##### Synonyms

* (to be alert): sáng suốt
* (to awaken): thức dậy, ngủ dậy
* (to sober up): tỉnh rượu

##### Derived terms

* tỉnh táo (“to be alert”) (reduplication)
* tỉnh rượu (“to sober up”)

### References

* "tỉnh" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
# заводзе
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zaˈvɔd͡zɛ]
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡zɛ
* Hyphenation: за‧во‧дзе

### Noun

заводзе (zavodze)
* locative singular of завод (zavod)
# Mặt Trời
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* mặt trời, Mặt trời
* (Northern Vietnam) mặt giời, Mặt Giời

### Etymology

A compound of mặt (originally meaning “eye”) +‎ trời (“sky; heavens”), literally “eye of the heavens”, a common metaphor for the Sun in Austroasiatic, Austronesian and Kra-Dai languages in Southeast Asia. Compare Thai ตะวัน (dtà-wan), Malay matahari, Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂ŋiiʔ (“Sun”) < **[ma]t₂-ŋiiʔ (Benedict, 1976). Cognate with Muong măt tlời.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [mak̚˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mak̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

### Proper noun

Mặt Trời • (𩈘𡗶)
* (astronomy) Sun
    Synonym: Thái Dương
** Copy from 18th century, Urtext probably from 12th or 15th century, Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經):𪬪(Gió)𠺙(thổi)末(Mặt)𫶸(Trời)炪(đốt)昌(xương)泊(bạc)珊(tan)索(tác)工(trong)圭(quê)渃(nước)㝵(người)[Under the] blowing winds and burning Sun, white bones keep decaying on foreign soil.

#### Derived terms

* điện mặt trời

#### See also

* Mặt Trăng
# tàu
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of tàu – see 鬥 (“to fight; to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鬥).
* For pronunciation and definitions of tàu – see 晝 (“daytime; day; daylight; lunch; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 晝).
* For pronunciation and definitions of tàu – see 到 (“to arrive at a destination; to reach a destination; to get to; to go to; to leave for; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 到).

## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʊ³¹/

### Noun

tàu
* (Patsho) earring

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [taw˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [taw˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ta(ː)w˨˩]
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 艚 (SV: tào).

#### Noun

(classifier con, chiếc) tàu
* one of several types of vehicle or craft, usually large, designed for navigation in or on water, in air, on rails, or through outer space
    Meronyms: tàu hoả (“train”), tàu điện (“electric train”), tàu điện ngầm (“subway”), tàu thuỷ (“ship”), tàu ngầm (“submarine”), tàu vũ trụ (“spaceship”), tàu bay (“aircraft”) (dated)
    say tàu ― trainsick or seasick
    tàu bay ― aircraft
    tàu Người Hà Lan Bay ― the Flying Dutchman
    tàu Nautilus ― the Nautilus
    tàu Con Thoi ― the Space Shuttle

##### Derived terms

* tàu điện ngầm (“subway”)
* tàu hoả (“train”)
* tàu ngầm (“submarine”)
* tàu thuỷ (“ship (on water)”)
* tàu vũ trụ (“spaceship”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

tàu • (𬟠 - 蓸, 槽)
* a large leaf
    Sâu đầu đen gây hại làm tàu dừa cháy khô từ những lá già bên dưới.The Coconut black-headed caterpillar harmfully makes the coconut tree's large leaves dry-out from the older leaves underneath.

### Etymology 3

See Tàu.

#### Adjective

tàu • (艚)
* Alternative letter-case form of Tàu (“Chinese”)

##### Usage notes

Except in common compound words such as táo tàu, the capitalized spelling Tàu is used. Note, however, that Tàu, particularly người Tàu, may be considered derogatory.

##### Derived terms

* mực tàu (China ink)
* phố tàu (Chinatown)
* táo tàu (Chinese jujube)
# ὕβρι
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hý.bri/ → /ˈy.βri/ → /ˈi.vri/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hý.bri/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.bri/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.βri/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.vri/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.vri/

### Noun

ῠ̔́βρῐ • (hŭ́brĭ)
* vocative singular of ῠ̔́βρῐς (hŭ́brĭs)
# yếu
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 夭 (“young; tender; to die young”, SV: yêu, yểu).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔiəw˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔiw˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔiw˦˥]

### Adjective

yếu • (𪽳 - 夭, 要)
* weak, feeble

#### Derived terms

* đau yếu
* gầy yếu
* già yếu
* hèn yếu
* mềm yếu
* nhỏ yếu
* ốm yếu
* phái yếu
* suy yếu
* thứ yếu
* yếu điểm
* yếu đuối
* yếu hèn
* yếu kém
* yếu mềm
* yếu thế
* yếu xìu
# nếp
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [nep̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [nep̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [nep̚˦˥]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ɗeːp (“glutinous (rice)”). Cognate with Muong Bi đếp, Proto-Katuic *ɗeep (whence Pacoh deip (“glutinous rice”)), Khmer ដំណើប (dɑmnaəp, “glutinous (rice)”) (through a nasal infixed form).

#### Noun

nếp • (𥻻, 𬗂, 𱹔)
* glutinous rice

##### See also

* xôi
* cơm; gạo; lúa
* nếp cẩm
* nếp than

### Etymology 2

Equivalent to the noun derivative of xếp, chếp (“to fold”). Compare Khmer ជំនីប (cumniip) < ជីប (ciip).

#### Noun

nếp • (攝, 躡, 𡓳)
* fold; crease; plait
* habit

#### See also

* nề nếp
* nền nếp
# lần
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [lən˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ləŋ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ləŋ˨˩]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 輪 (“circle, wheel; turn”, SV: luân).

#### Noun

(classifier cái) lần • (吝, 𠞺, 𡫫, 𨁮)
* time; instance; occurrence

#### Preposition

lần
* (mathematics) times
    Ba lần ba là chín ― Three times three is nine

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

lần
* to grope, to search by touch
** 2016, Trầm Hương, Trong cơn lốc xoáy, part I, NXB Phụ nữ, page 77:Bà lần túi, lấy ra cắc bạc, đưa cho Vạn: […]She rummaged in her bag, took out a silver hào coin, and handed it to Vạn.
* to track, to follow

##### Derived terms

* lần mò
# bóng
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥] ~ [ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *pɔːŋʔ (“bladder”).

#### Noun

(classifier quả, trái) bóng • (俸, 𫕰, 䏾)
* a ball

#### See also

* bong bóng (từ láy)
* bóng bàn
* bóng banh
* bóng bầu dục
* bóng chày
* bóng chuyền
* bóng đá
* bóng đái
* bóng mềm
* bóng rổ
* banh

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *pɔːŋʔ (“shadow”); cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] pɒːŋ³, Chut [Rục] pɔːŋ³, and Muong pỏng.

#### Noun

(classifier cái) bóng • (俸, 䏾, 𩃳, 𫕰, 𩄴)
* shadow, shade
    dưới bóng cây ― in the shade of the tree
* reflection
    bóng cây trên mặt nước ― tree reflection on the water

##### See also

* bắt bóng
* bóng ác
* bóng câu
* bóng chỉm
* bóng dáng
* bóng đè
* bóng đêm
* bóng gió
* bóng ma
* bóng mát
* bóng mây
* bóng nắng
* bóng người
* bóng nửa tối
* bóng râm
* bóng tà
* bóng tối
* bóng trăng
* bóng vía
* cây bóng mát
* che bóng
* chiếu bóng
* chớp bóng
* chụp bóng
* chửi bóng
* đánh bóng
* gác bóng
* ghen bóng
* hình bóng
* nấp bóng
* nghĩa bóng
* nghiêng bóng
* như hình với bóng
* nói bóng
* núp bóng
* nương bóng
* rạp chiếu bóng
* rợp bóng
* sợ bóng
* tỏa bóng
* tròn bóng
* ưa bóng
* vắng bóng
* xế bóng

#### Adjective

bóng • (𣈖, 俸)
* shiny

##### See also

* bóng bẩy
* bóng loáng
* bóng lộn
* bóng mượt
* bóng nga
* da bóng
* dầu bóng
* đánh bóng
* đứng bóng
* giấy bóng
* láng bóng
* lẻ bóng
* mài bóng
* máy đánh bóng
* máy đo độ bóng
* sạch bong
* sáng bóng
* sấp bóng
* trơn bóng
* túi bóng

### Etymology 3

Unknown. Cadière (1915) derives sense "pythoness, seeress, sorceress" from "shade, shadow", yet this could be a folk etymology.

#### Noun

bóng • (𡞗)
* (obsolete) female occultist, shamaness
    bà bóng ― the shamaness
** 19th century, Emperor Tự Đức, Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca (嗣德聖製字學解義歌 "Emperor Tự Đức's sagely study of character creation and interpretation song"), vol. V, 16b:巫媒𡞗求神“Vu”: mụ bóng cầu thần.巫 (“wu”): the shamaness praying to the divinities

##### Derived terms

* bóng cốt
* đồng bóng
* hầu bóng

##### References

* ↑ L. Cadière (1915) Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient — Anthropologie Populaire Annamite‎, volume 15, page 82

### Etymology 4

Possibly from the etymology above, through the semantic development path of "female occultist, shamaness > weirdo > homosexual". See also the adjectival sense of đồng bóng.
For a parallel, compare English queer.

#### Adjective

bóng
* (slang, offensive) homosexual
# đấu
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɗəw˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɗəw˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɗəw˦˥]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鬥.

#### Verb

đấu
* to battle, fight

##### See also

* chiến đấu
* đấu đá
* đấu khẩu
* đấu tố
* đấu tranh
* đấu trí
* đấu trường
* phấn đấu
* thi đấu

### Etymology 2

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斗 (“dipper”, SV: đẩu).

#### Noun

(classifier cái) đấu
* dipper, ladle, scoop

##### Related terms

* đẩu
# bác
## Czech
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaːt͡s]
* Hyphenation: bác

### Interjection

bác
* (onomatopoeia) boom (a sudden percussive sound)
* signifies suddenness
    "Pozná děvče a bác! ožení se." ― "He meets a girl and boom! He's married."

### Further reading

* “bác”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bác”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
* “bác” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz

## Slovak
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [baːt͡s]

### Interjection

bác
* bang, bam (a sudden percussive sound)

### Further reading

* “bác”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ɓaːk̚˧˥]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ɓaːk̚˦]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

bác
* to chop
    bác mạy ― to chop trees
    bác nhả ― to cut grass
    thai bác ― to die from being slashed

##### Synonyms

* hẳm

### Etymology 2

Possibly from Vietnamese bác.

#### Verb

bác
* to distill
    bác xáy ― to distill eggs

##### Synonyms

* bắt
* sliêu

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bác
* bowl (from bamboo or wood)

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓaːk̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Late Proto-Vietic *paːk (“uncle, father/mother's older brother”), from Middle Chinese 伯 (MC paek, “uncle”) (SV: bá).

#### Noun

bác • (伯, 博)
* an older adult; senior; elder
* paternal uncle, father's elder brother
* paternal aunt-in-law, father's elder brother's wife
* (archaic) father
    bác mẹparents

##### Synonyms

* bá

#### Pronoun

bác
* you, someone who's presumably slightly older than one of my parents
    Antonyms: cháu, con
* he/him/she/her, someone who's presumably slightly older than one of my parents
    Antonyms: cháu, con
* (familiar) you, someone who's slightly older than me
    Synonyms: anh, chị
    Antonym: em

#### Derived terms

* Bác

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

bác
* to scramble (eggs, etc.)

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 駁.

#### Verb

bác
* (often in compounds) to reject, to dismiss, to refute, to turn down

##### Derived terms

* bác bỏ
* bài bác
* khích bác

## Wiyot
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /βát͡s/
* Hyphenation: bác

### Noun

bác (vocative hodác)
* (to a male) sister-in-law

### References

* Gladys A. Reichard (1925) Wiyot Grammar and Texts, University of California press, page 130
* Karl V. Teeter (1964) The Wiyot Language, University of California press, page 80