# غار
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* غ ي ر (ḡ y r)
* 14 terms

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaː.ra/

#### Verb

غَارَ • (ḡāra) I (non-past يَغَارُ (yaḡāru), verbal noun غَيْرَة (ḡayra)) (intransitive)
* to be jealous [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘of a beloved one’; or with مِن (min) ‘of a rival’]
** a. 1328, Ibn Taymiyyah, مَجْمُوعُ الْفَتَاوَى (majmūʕu l-fatāwā):وَحَسَدُ النِّسَاءِ بَعْضِهِنَّ لِبَعْضٍ كَثِيرٌ غَالِبٌ لَا سِيَّمَا الْمُتَزَوِّجَاتُ بِزَوْجٍ وَاحِدٍ فَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ تَغَارُ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا لِحَظِّهَا مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِسَبَبِ الْمُشَارَكَةِ يَفُوتُ بَعْضُ حَظِّهَا.waḥasadu n-nisāʔi baʕḍihinna libaʕḍin kaṯīrun ḡālibun lā siyyamā l-mutazawwijātu bizawjin wāḥidin faʔinna l-marʔata taḡāru ʕalā zawjihā liḥaẓẓihā minhu faʔinnahu bisababi l-mušārakati yafūtu baʕḍu ḥaẓẓihā.Envy among women is preponderant, especially when married to the same man. This is because the woman becomes jealous of her husband because of her share of him, and so when he is split, she misses some of her [original] share.
* to feel discontent or bitterness [with مِنْ (min) ‘at’]; to be envious of, to envy; to resent
* to be watchful or protective [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘of’] [with مِن (min) ‘from’]; to keep, to guard
* to display zeal or vie [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘for’]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.1

* Root
* غ و ر (ḡ w r)
* 6 terms

#### Verb

غَارَ • (ḡāra) I (non-past يَغُورُ (yaḡūru), verbal noun غَوْر (ḡawr))
* to enter, to penetrate deeply

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

غَارَ • (ḡāra) I (non-past يَغُورُ (yaḡūru), verbal noun غَوْر (ḡawr) or غِيَار (ḡiyār)) غَارَ • (ḡāra) I (non-past يَغَارُ (yaḡāru), verbal noun غَوْر (ḡawr) or غِيَار (ḡiyār))
* to sink in, to become depressed (of the eyes)
* to seep away, to trickle away, to ooze away, to peter out (of water)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Noun

غَار • (ḡār) m (plural أَغْوَار (ʔaḡwār) or غِيرَان (ḡīrān))
* cavern
* palate

##### Derived terms

* غَارِيّ (ḡāriyy, “palatal”)

### Etymology 3

If it is true that the bay laurel has dispersed over the Mediterranean regions from further west, be it Asia Minor or even Western Europe, then the Arabic plant name غَار (ḡār) has been borrowed in the earlier 1st millennium BC or before from Aramaic עָרָא / ܥܳܪܳܐ (ʿārā), also Hebrew עָר (ʿār), of the same meaning, the merger of /ʁ/ and /ʕ/ not having happened in Northwest Semitic yet—if not old enough to be ascribed to Proto-West Semitic unity.

#### Noun

غَار • (ḡār) m (collective, singulative غَارَة f (ḡāra))
* bay laurel (Laurus nobilis); laurel (Laurus gen.)
    Synonyms: رَنْد (rand), دَهْمَسْت (dahmast)

##### Declension
### References

* Hehn, Victor with Schrader, Otto (1911) Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien nach Griechenland und Italien sowie in das übrige Europa‎ (in German), 8th edition, Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, pages 234–236
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “غار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2306–2308
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “غار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2314–2315
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 119–123
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “غار”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 804
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “غار”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 807
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 931
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 934
* “ˁr$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, lumps the “laurel” with the “tamarisk” sense, which became a homonym in some Aramaic lects, but عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar) and أَرْز (ʔarz) and غَرَب (ḡarab) are all to be distinguished

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɣɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣɑːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɣɑːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɣɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qɒːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʁɔɾ]
* Rhymes: -ɑːr

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic غَار (ḡār).

#### Noun

| Dari | غار |
| Iranian Persian | غار |
| Tajik | ғор |
غار • (ğâr)
* cave, cavern
    Synonym: مغاره (mağâre)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 11:هیچ از گفتن عنان واپس کشید، هیچ اندر غار خاموشی خزیدhič az goftan 'enân vâpas kašid, hič andar ğâr-e xâmuši xazidDid he ever pull back the rein of speech? Did he ever creep into the cave of silence?

##### Derived terms

* یار غار (yâr-e gâr, “close friend”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic غَار (ḡār).

#### Noun

غار • (ğâr)
* bay laurel, Laurus nobilis
    Synonym: برگ بو (barg-e bow)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غَار (ğār), from Arabic غَار (ḡār). Compare Urdu غار (ġār).

### Noun

غارَ • (ġāru) m (Devanagari ग़ारु)
* cave

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* غ ي ر
* 5 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic غَارَ (ḡāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaːr/, [ɣɑːrˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

غار • (ḡār) I (present بغار (biḡār))
* to be jealous or envious
    Synonym: حسد (ḥasad)

#### See also

* غيران (ḡērān, “jealous, envious”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غَار (ğār), borrowed from Arabic غَار (ḡār). First attested in c. 1609 as Middle Hindi غار (ġar /⁠ġār⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɣɑːɾ/
* Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

### Noun

غار • (ġār) m (Hindi spelling ग़ार)
* cavern; cave
* pit
* (figuratively) a terrible wound.
* a type of tree in jungles and mountains.

#### Declension

Declension of غار :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | غار (ġār) | غار (ġār) |
| oblique | غار (ġār) | غاروں (ġārõ) |
| vocative | غار (ġār) | غارو (ġāro) |

### References

* ↑ “غار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “غار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “غار”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “غار”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “غار”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “غار”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu غار (ğār).

### Noun

غار (ğār)
* cave