# 歲暮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): suìmù
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suìmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suèimù
*** Wade–Giles: sui$^4$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: swèi-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sueymuh
*** Palladius: суйму (sujmu)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: sjwejH muH
Rime :
| Character | 歲 | 暮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (36) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 相銳切 | 莫故切 |
| Baxter | sjwejH | muH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siuᴇi$^H$/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷiɛi$^H$/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siuæi$^H$/ | /mo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swiaj$^H$/ | /mɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /siuɛi$^H$/ | /mo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭwɛi$^H$/ | /mu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯wɛi$^H$/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suì | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^3$ | mou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷads maːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | suì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjwej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-qʷʰat-s/ |
| English | year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 歲 | 暮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12165 | 9247 |
| Phonetic component | 歲 | 莫 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 暮 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰʷads/ | /*maːɡs/ |
| Notes | 甲金文戉分化字， 說文戌聲非 | |

### Noun

歲暮
* (literary) close of the year
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Suìmù xī bùzìliáo, huìgū míng xī jiūjiū. [Pinyin]
    At the year's evening, Comfortless, The cicada sings with A mournful chirp.
    From: c. 767, Du Fu (杜甫), A Night in a Chamber（《閣夜》）, tr. Wu Juntao
    Suìmù yīnyáng cuī duǎn jǐng, tiānyá shuāngxuě jì hán xiāo. [Pinyin]
    The nights and days so swiftly flee at the end of the year; At the corner of the earth, after snow, the cold, dark sky is clear.
* (literary) advanced age
    From: c. about 300, Zuo Si (左思), Miscellaneous Poems（《雜詩》）
    Zhuàng chǐ bù héng jū, suìmù cháng kǎikāng. [Pinyin]
    The sturdy teeth of my youth failed to endure; As my years advance, I am oft filled with poignant lament.

#### Synonyms

* (end of the year):
* 年兜 (Puxian Min, Hokkien)
* 年兜邊 / 年兜边 (Hokkien)
* 年尾 (niánwěi) (colloquial)
* 年底 (niándǐ)
* 年暝 (nièng-màng) (Eastern Min)
* 年暝兜 (Puxian Min)
* 年暝內 / 年暝内 (Puxian Min)
* 年末 (niánmò)
* 年終 / 年终 (niánzhōng)
* 年跟腳 / 年跟脚
* 年關 / 年关 (niánguān)
* 歲尾 / 岁尾 (suìwěi) (literary or Puxian Min)
* 歲晏 / 岁晏 (literary)
* 歲末 / 岁末 (suìmò)
* 歲杪 / 岁杪 (suìmiǎo) (literary)
* (advanced age):
* 夕陽 / 夕阳 (xīyáng) (figurative)
* 尾梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 晚年 (wǎnnián)
* 暮年 (mùnián)
* 白頭 / 白头 (báitóu) (figurative)
* 皓首 (hàoshǒu) (literary, figurative)
* 老年 (lǎonián)
* 老年期 (lǎoniánqī)
* 衰年 (shuāinián) (literary)
* 遲暮 / 迟暮 (chímù) (literary)
* 食老 (chia̍h-lāu) (Hokkien)
* 餘年 / 余年 (yúnián)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 歲 | 暮 |

### Noun

歲暮 • (semo) (hangeul 세모)
* hanja form of 세모 (“the end of the year”)