# 主

| 主 | U+4E3B, &#20027; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3B |
| ← 为 [U+4E3A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 丼 → [U+4E3C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

主 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜土 (YG), four-corner 0010$_4$, composition ⿱丶王 or ⿱亠土)

#### Derived characters

* 住, 𠰍, 𡊲, 妵, 往, 拄, 注, 㹥, 迬, 柱, 炷, 𤖸, 砫, 紸 (𰬇), 蛀, 註, 䝬, 跓, 軴, 鉒 (𰽯), 䪒, 飳, 駐 (驻), 黈, 𪐴, 殶
* 𰀩, 𠣕, 𦭦, 宔, 疰, 罜, 䇠, 麈, 𮏼, 𮢔, 𮢉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 100
* Dae Jaweon: page 163, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 3
* Unihan data for U+4E3B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 主 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| Oracle bone scriptj12540j12541j12542j12543j12544j12545j12546Small seal scripts03652 |||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||
| | Old Chinese |
| 飳 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 妵 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 黈 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 蘣 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 罜 | *doːɡ, *tjos |
| 拄 | *toʔ |
| 柱 | *toʔ, *doʔ |
| 駐 | *tos |
| 註 | *tos, *tjos |
| 鉒 | *tos |
| 軴 | *tos |
| 住 | *tos, *dos |
| 跓 | *doʔ |
| 嵀 | *doʔ |
| 主 | *tjoʔ |
| 麈 | *tjoʔ |
| 宔 | *tjoʔ |
| 炷 | *tjoʔ, *tjos |
| 注 | *tjos |
| 疰 | *tjos |
| 蛀 | *tjos |
| 霔 | *tjos |
Pictogram (象形) . Three distinct forms can observed in ancient scripts, all of which have merged into the same character in modern script:
* A lamp or torch with a flame at the top. Original form of 炷.
* Wood (木, now 王) on fire.
* A spirit tablet. Same character as 示.
Unrelated to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).

### Etymology

Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, “elder brother, nobleman, lord”), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, “mistress, lady, goddess”), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, “chief”), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (“to teach, to instruct; headman”), and Thai โจก (jòok, “leader, chief”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Also compare Burmese အတို့ (a.tui., “honorific personal pronoun”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhǔ (zhu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җў (žw, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zyu$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zi$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jy$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chú
    (Hailu, HRS): zhu$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zu$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zu$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciō / cṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou$^3$ / zy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chú / chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): zu$^2$ / ji$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^3$
*** Yale: jǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (主兒 / 主儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔr
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔr
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jǔr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juul
*** Palladius: чжур (čžur)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җў (žw, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^2$
*** Yale: jyú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhu$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciō / cṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suo³³/, /t͡sy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔu³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy³³²/
* zou3 - vernacular;
* zy3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyuX
Rime :
| Character | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之庾切 |
| Baxter | tsyuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*toʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjoʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*toʔ/ |
| English | master; host |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17618 |
| Phonetic component | 主 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 主 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjoʔ/ |

#### Definitions

主
* owner; master
* host
* (archaic, honorific) you (honorific second-person pronoun addressing a "senior official" [大夫] or his spouse)
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Jì Kāngzǐ wèn yú Gōngfǔ Wénbó zhī mǔ yuē: “Zhǔ yì yǒu yǐ yù Féi yě.” Duìyuē: “Wú néng lǎo éryǐ, héyǐ yù zǐ.” Kāngzǐ yuē: “Suīrán, Féi yuàn yǒu wén yú zhǔ.” [Pinyin]
    Ji Kangzi (Fei) consulted the mother of Gongfu Wenbo: "Would you, madame, have something to instruct me?" "I am only good at growing old. What else can I tell you?" came her reply. "Nevertheless, I, Fei, do want to hear something from you," said Kangzi.
* (Christianity, Islam) Lord
* emperor
* (colloquial, derogatory) person of a specified type
* agent; agency
    主動／主动 ― zhǔdòng ― active
    主體／主体 ― zhǔtǐ ― subject (one who possesses agency)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Fú mín, shén zhī zhǔ yě. [Pinyin]
    The people are the agent of divine spirits.
* party; entity
    事主 ― shìzhǔ ― party (in a dispute, especially the one bringing forth the dispute)
* main; primary; principal; major
    主要 ― zhǔyào ― main
    主演 ― zhǔyǎn ― leading actor
    主修 ― zhǔxiū ― major curriculum
* to be in charge; to lead; to command
    主事 ― zhǔshì ― to be in charge
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Tàiwèi Jiànghóu Bó bùdé rù jūnzhōng zhǔ bīng. [Pinyin]
    Grand Marshal Bo the Marquis of Jiang was unable to join with the armies and lead the action.
* to indicate; to signify
* (grammar) Short for 主語／主语 (zhǔyǔ).
* (historical) Short for 公主 (gōngzhǔ).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 世主 (shìzhǔ)
* 主上 (zhǔshàng)
* 主事 (zhǔshì)
* 主人 (zhǔrén)
* 主任 (zhǔrèn)
* 主佛
* 主位 (zhǔwèi)
* 主使 (zhǔshǐ)
* 主依
* 主修 (zhǔxiū)
* 主傅
* 主僕 / 主仆 (zhǔpú)
* 主兒 / 主儿 (zhǔr)
* 主公 (zhǔgōng)
* 主刀 (zhǔdāo)
* 主刑 (zhǔxíng)
* 主力 (zhǔlì)
* 主動 / 主动 (zhǔdòng)
* 主動脈 / 主动脉 (zhǔdòngmài)
* 主名
* 主唱 (zhǔchàng)
* 主單位 / 主单位
* 主器
* 主因 (zhǔyīn)
* 主坐
* 主場 / 主场 (zhǔchǎng)
* 主委 (zhǔwěi)
* 主婚
* 主婦 / 主妇 (zhǔfù)
* 主嫌 (zhǔxián)
* 主子 (zhǔzi)
* 主客 (zhǔkè)
* 主家
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主審 / 主审 (zhǔshěn)
* 主將 / 主将 (zhǔjiàng)
* 主導 / 主导 (zhǔdǎo)
* 主峰 (zhǔfēng)
* 主帥 / 主帅 (zhǔshuài)
* 主席 (zhǔxí)
* 主幣 / 主币 (zhǔbì)
* 主幹 / 主干 (zhǔgàn)
* 主座
* 主廚 / 主厨 (zhǔchú)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng)
* 主從 / 主从 (zhǔcóng)
* 主意
* 主戰 / 主战 (zhǔzhàn)
* 主持 (zhǔchí)
* 主持人 (zhǔchírén)
* 主控
* 主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
* 主播 (zhǔbō)
* 主攻 (zhǔgōng)
* 主政
* 主教
* 主文
* 主日 (zhǔrì)
* 主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
* 主星
* 主板 (zhǔbǎn)
* 主格 (zhǔgé)
* 主根 (zhǔgēn)
* 主機 / 主机 (zhǔjī)
* 主權 / 主权 (zhǔquán)
* 主次 (zhǔcì)
* 主歌 (zhǔgē)
* 主母
* 主治 (zhǔzhì)
* 主法
* 主流 (zhǔliú)
* 主演 (zhǔyǎn)
* 主焦點 / 主焦点
* 主父
* 主犯 (zhǔfàn)
* 主盟
* 主監 / 主监
* 主祭 (zhǔjì)
* 主稿
* 主筆 / 主笔 (zhǔbǐ)
* 主管 (zhǔguǎn)
* 主簿 (zhǔbù)
* 主編 / 主编 (zhǔbiān)
* 主線 / 主线 (zhǔxiàn)
* 主罰 / 主罚
* 主義 / 主义 (zhǔyì)
* 主翁
* 主考 (zhǔkǎo)
* 主脈 / 主脉
* 主腰 (zhǔyāo)
* 主腦 / 主脑 (zhǔnǎo)
* 主臣
* 主菜 (zhǔcài)
* 主要 (zhǔyào)
* 主見 / 主见 (zhǔjiàn)
* 主觀 / 主观 (zhǔguān)
* 主觀主義 / 主观主义 (zhǔguān zhǔyì)
* 主觀唯心主義 / 主观唯心主义
* 主觀能動性 / 主观能动性 (zhǔguān néngdòngxìng)
* 主角
* 主計 / 主计
* 主詞 / 主词
* 主試 / 主试
* 主語 / 主语 (zhǔyǔ)
* 主調 / 主调
* 主謀 / 主谋 (zhǔmóu)
* 主講 / 主讲 (zhǔjiǎng)
* 主議 / 主议
* 主軸 / 主轴 (zhǔzhóu)
* 主辦 / 主办 (zhǔbàn)
* 主辯 / 主辩
* 主隊 / 主队 (zhǔduì)
* 主靜 / 主静
* 主音 (zhǔyīn)
* 主頁 / 主页 (zhǔyè)
* 主題 / 主题 (zhǔtí)
* 主顧 / 主顾 (zhǔgù)
* 主食 (zhǔshí)
* 主體 / 主体 (zhǔtǐ)
* 主麻
* 事主 (shìzhǔ)
* 人主 (rénzhǔ)
* 作主 (zuòzhǔ)
* 借主
* 做主 (zuòzhǔ)
* 債主 / 债主 (zhàizhǔ)
* 先主
* 內主 / 内主
* 公主 (gōngzhǔ)
* 化主
* 原主 (yuánzhǔ)
* 名主
* 君主 (jūnzhǔ)
* 售主
* 喪主 / 丧主
* 嗣主
* 國主 / 国主
* 團主 / 团主
* 地主 (dìzhǔ)
* 地主神 (dìzhǔshén)
* 地基主 (dìjīzhǔ)
* 夫主
* 天主 (Tiānzhǔ)
* 太主
* 失主 (shīzhǔ)
* 奧主 / 奥主
* 女主 (nǚzhǔ)
* 宗主 (zōngzhǔ)
* 家主 (jiāzhǔ)
* 寄主 (jìzhǔ)
* 宿主 (sùzhǔ)
* 寨主
* 局主
* 屋主 (wūzhǔ)
* 幼主 (yòuzhǔ)
* 店主 (diànzhǔ)
* 府主
* 座主
* 庵主
* 廢主 / 废主 (fèizhǔ)
* 廟主 / 庙主
* 後主 / 后主 (hòuzhǔ)
* 得主 (dézhǔ)
* 戶主 / 户主 (hùzhǔ)
* 房主 (fángzhǔ)
* 故主
* 教主 (jiàozhǔ)
* 教權主義 / 教权主义 (jiàoquánzhǔyì)
* 施主 (shīzhǔ)
* 昏主
* 易主 (yìzhǔ)
* 明主 (míngzhǔ)
* 星主
* 木主 (mùzhǔ)
* 本主
* 東主 / 东主 (dōngzhǔ)
* 板主 (bǎnzhǔ)
* 業主 / 业主 (yèzhǔ)
* 樁主 / 桩主
* 母主
* 民主 (mínzhǔ)
* 浴主
* 浪漫主義 / 浪漫主义 (làngmàn zhǔyì)
* 火主 (huǒzhǔ)
* 無主 / 无主 (wúzhǔ)
* 爵主
* 牧主
* 物主 (wùzhǔ)
* 田主 (tiánzhǔ)
* 盟主 (méngzhǔ)
* 真主 (zhēnzhǔ)
* 神主 (shénzhǔ)
* 祭主
* 禁慾主義 / 禁欲主义 (jìnyùzhǔyì)
* 窩主 / 窝主
* 縣主 / 县主
* 翁主
* 聖主 / 圣主 (shèngzhǔ)
* 背主 (bèizhǔ)
* 自主 (zìzhǔ)
* 船主 (chuánzhǔ)
* 苦主 (kǔzhǔ)
* 莊主 / 庄主 (zhuāngzhǔ)
* 行主
* 觀主 / 观主
* 誼主 / 谊主
* 謀主 / 谋主
* 財主 / 财主
* 貨主 / 货主 (huòzhǔ)
* 買主 / 买主 (mǎizhǔ)
* 貴主 / 贵主
* 賓主 / 宾主 (bīnzhǔ)
* 賣主 / 卖主 (màizhǔ)
* 車主 / 车主 (chēzhǔ)
* 郎主
* 郡主 (jùnzhǔ)
* 閣主 / 阁主
* 院主
* 隊主 / 队主
* 雄主
* 雇主 (gùzhǔ)
* 霸主 (bàzhǔ)
* 領主 / 领主 (lǐngzhǔ)
* 頭主 / 头主
* 題主 / 题主 (tízhǔ)
* 顧主 / 顾主
* 飼主 / 饲主
* 點主 / 点主
* 齋主 / 斋主

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 主(しゅ) (shu)
* → Korean: 주(主) (ju)
* → Vietnamese: chủ (主)
Others:
* → Proto-Tai: *ɕɤwꟲ (“master”)
** Lao: ເຈົ້າ (chao, “lord, master, owner”)
** Thai: เจ้า (jâao, “lord, master, owner”)
* → Vietnamese: chúa (主, “retired father of a king”), Chúa (主, “Lord”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù (zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

#### Definitions

主
* Classifier for events.
* Alternative form of 注 (zhù, “to pour into”)

### References

* “主”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 主 |
| Kyūjitai | 主󠄁 主+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 主󠄃 主+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* lord, master
* main, principal

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
* Kun: あるじ (aruji, 主)、おも (omo, 主, Jōyō)、ぬし (nushi, 主, Jōyō)、つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 主る)

#### Compounds

* 主(しゅ)格(かく) (shukaku)
* 主(しゅ)観(かん) (shukan)
* 主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (shugi)
* 主(しゅ)権(けん) (shuken)
* 主(しゅ)権(けん)在(ざい)民(みん) (shuken zaimin)
* 主(しゅ)語(ご) (shugo)
* 主(しゅ)宰(さい) (shusai)
* 主(しゅ)従(じゅう) (shujū), 主(しゅう)従(じゅう) (shūjū)
* 主(しゅ)食(しょく) (shushoku)
* 主(しゅ)体(たい) (shutai)
* 主(しゅ)犯(はん) (shuhan)
* 主(しゅ)要(よう) (shuyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 主
* しゅ Grade: 3
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅ [shúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕɨ]

#### Noun

主(しゅ) • (shu)
* head of the family
* master, mistress
* one's husband
* proprietor, landlord

##### Synonyms

* 主(しゅ)人(じん) (shujin)

#### Proper noun

主(しゅ) • (Shu)
* the Lord
    主(しゅ)の兄(きょう)弟(だい)ヤコブ
       Shu no kyōdai Yakobu
       James, brother of the Lord

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 主
* ぬし Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. :
| 【ぬし】 | [noun] 主: master [noun] 主: owner, proprietor [noun] 主: guardian spirit [noun] 主: (archaic) you |
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 主
* おも Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. :
| 【おも】 | [adjective] chief, main, principal, foremost Alternative spelling 重 |
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 主
* あるじ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. :
| 【あるじ】 | [noun] head of a household |
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “主”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 62 (paper), page 81 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 56 (paper), page 40 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쥬〮 (cyú) (Yale: cyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 主 (eumhun 임금 주 (imgeum ju)) 主 (eumhun 주인 주 (ju'in ju))
* hanja form of 주 (“king”)
* hanja form of 주 (“master; host; main”)

#### Compounds

* 공산주의 (共産主義, gongsanjuui, “communism”)
* 공주 (公主, gongju, “princess”)
* 민주주의 (民主主義, minjujuui, “democracy”)
* 주객 (主客, jugaek, “host and guest”)
* 주권 (主權, jugwon, “sovereignty”)
* 주범 (主犯, jubeom, “main culprit”)
* 주부 (主婦, jubu, “housewife”)
* 주요 (主要, juyo)
* 주인 (主人, ju'in, “master, host”)
* 주인공 (主人公, ju'in'gong, “protagonist”)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 主
* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

主: Hán Việt readings: chủ, chúa
主: Nôm readings: chúa, chủ
* chữ Hán form of chủ (“owner”).
* Nôm form of chúa (“retired father of a king”).
* Nôm form of Chúa (“God; Christ; Lord”).

#### Usage notes

* Despite being a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading, chúa is still used as Sino-Vietnamese in a few compounds such as Chúa nhật, công chúa, quận chúa, lãnh chúa, Thiên Chúa.

#### Compounds

* Chủ nhật (主日)
* chủ quyền (主權)
* chủ tịch (主席)

### References

* Nom Foundation