# 曠野
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuàngyě
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong$^3$ je$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khóng-yâ
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuōng-iā
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng$^4$ ia$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khòng-iá
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuàngyě
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuàngyě
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuang$^4$-yeh$^3$
*** Yale: kwàng-yě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanqyee
*** Palladius: куанъе (kuanʺje)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwong$^3$ je$^5$
*** Yale: kwong yéh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwong$^3$ je$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuong$^3$ yé$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɔːŋ³³ jɛː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng-yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$ ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^3$ ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹ i̯a²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng-yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$ (r)ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^3$ ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹ (j)i̯a²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng-iā
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuoŋ³³⁻³⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋia³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^4$ ia$^3$ [Phonetic: korng$^1$ ia$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ia⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^4$ ia$^3$ [Phonetic: korng$^1$ ngia$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋia³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng-iá
*** Tâi-lô: khòng-iá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qorng'iar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ia⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: khwangH yaeX
Rime :
| Character | 曠 | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 苦謗切 | 羊者切 |
| Baxter | khwangH | yaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰwɑŋ$^H$/ | /jia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷɑŋ$^H$/ | /jia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ | /ia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwaŋ$^H$/ | /jia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ | /ia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ | /jĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰwɑŋ$^H$/ | /i̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuàng | yě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ | je$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k-m̥]ˤaŋ-s lAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːŋs laːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曠 | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuàng | yě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwang$^H$ › | ‹ yæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k-m̥]ˁaŋ-s/ | /*lAʔ/ |
| English | desolate, waste | open country |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曠 | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5373 | 15722 |
| Phonetic component | 黄 | 予 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曠 | 野 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷaːŋs/ | /*laːʔ/ |

### Noun

曠野
* wilderness
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Fēi sì fēi hǔ, lǜ bǐ kuàngyě. [Pinyin]
    We are not rhinoceroses, we are not tigers, to be kept in these desolate wilds.
* (Puxian Min) an empty place

#### Synonyms

* 原野 (yuányě)
* 田野 (tiányě)
* 荒原 (huāngyuán)
* 荒漠 (huāngmò)
* 荒野 (huāngyě)
* 野田 (yětián) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 広(こう)野(や) (kōya)
* → Korean: 광야(曠野) (gwang'ya)

### Adjective

曠野
* (Xianyou Puxian Min) open; wide; expansive (of view)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “旷野”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 332.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 曠 | 野 |
| こう Hyōgai | や Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 曠野 – see the following entry. :
| 【広野こうや】 | [noun] wilderness; field Alternative spelling 昿野 |
(This term, 曠野, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 曠 | 野 |

### Noun

曠野 • (gwang'ya) (hangeul 광야)
* hanja form of 광야 (“wilderness”)