# droch
## Ladin
### Etymology

From Middle High German troc, from Old High German trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.
Akin to German Trog, Dutch trog, English trough, Danish trug, Swedish tråg.

### Noun

droch m (plural droc)
* (Gherdëina, Badiot) fountain, trough (narrow container for animals (and people) to drink from)
    Bever pra droch. ― To drink from the trough.
    droch dal bestiam ― drinking trough for the cattle

#### Usage notes

The word droch refers to a water trough, thus a long container mainly intended as a water source for cattle and for passers-by. A fountain in a town center that does not have the shape of a trough is usually referred to as funtana.

#### Alternative forms

* festil, brenz (Fascian)

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /drox/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).

#### Adjective

droch
* bad, evil
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134$^d$3
    Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 217$^a$
    Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.

##### Usage notes

Forms a compound with a following noun and is thus never inflected on its own.

##### Descendants

* Irish: droch-, droch
* Manx: drogh
* Scottish Gaelic: droch

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).

#### Noun

droch m (genitive unattested)
* wheel
    Synonym: roth
* circlet

##### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | droch | droch$^L$ | *droich$^L$ |
| Vocative | *droich | droch$^L$ | drochu$^H$ |
| Accusative | droch$^N$ | droch$^L$ | drochu$^H$ |
| Genitive | *droich$^L$ | droch | droch$^N$ |
| Dative | droch$^L$ | drochaib | drochaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Related terms

* drochet (“bridge”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 droch ‘bad’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 droch ‘wheel’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish droch (“bad”), from Proto-Celtic *drukos.

### Adjective

droch (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)
* bad

#### Usage notes

* Unlike the majority of Scottish Gaelic adjectives, droch precedes the noun and lenites it.
* Cannot be used on its own (without a noun).
* Often prefixed to words to indicate a malignant subject, similarly to English ill-, as seen in Derived terms below.

#### Synonyms

* dona
* olc

#### Derived terms

* droch isean (“brat”)
* droch shùil (“evil eye”)
* droch-bheart (“vice, sin”)
* droch-bheul (“impudence”)
* droch-chliùiteach (“infamous”)
* droch-fhacal (“curse”)
* droch-ghiùlan (“misbehaviour”)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /droːχ/

### Adjective

droch
* Soft mutation of troch.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.