# 孔雀
## Chinese
### Etymology

孔 (kǒng, “peacock”) + 雀 (què); see 孔 (kǒng).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǒngquè
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung$^2$ zoek$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kuung$^2$ diak$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'kung$^3$ qioh$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kung$^2$ qieh$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng-chhiok / khóng-chhiak
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$khon-ciaq$_7$ / $^3$khon-ciaq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǒngquè
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǒngcyuè
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^3$-chʻüeh$^4$
*** Yale: kǔng-chywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongchiueh
*** Palladius: кунцюэ (kuncjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^2$ zoek$^3$
*** Yale: húng jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^2$ dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^2$ zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kuung$^2$ diak$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɵŋ⁵⁵ tiak̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'kung$^3$ qioh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈkʰuŋ²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kung$^2$ qieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuŋ⁵³ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiok
*** Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Penang): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiag
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiak̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$khon-ciaq$_7$
*** MiniDict: khon$^去$ ciah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$khon-jiaq$_4$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoŋ³³ t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^3$khon-ciaq$_7$
*** MiniDict: khon$^上$ ciah$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /kʰoŋ¹³ t͡ɕiaʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khuwngX tsjak
Rime :
| Character | 孔 | 雀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 康董切 | 即略切 |
| Baxter | khuwngX | tsjak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡siɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡siɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡siak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ$^X$/ | /t͡si̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǒng | jue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^2$ | zoek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤoŋʔ [ts]ewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːŋʔ ʔsewɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孔 | 雀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kǒng | què |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khuwng$^X$ › | ‹ tsjak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʰˁoŋʔ/ | /*[ts]ewk/ |
| English | (surname) | sparrow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孔 | 雀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7489 | 10745 |
| Phonetic component | 孔 | 雀 |
| Rime group | 東 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孔 | 爵 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰloːŋʔ/ | /*ʔsewɢ/ |
| Notes | 金文象就乳，與古候切從子殼聲字（說文乳也）同源 | |

### Noun

孔雀
* peacock; peafowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)

#### Synonyms

* (literary, or in compounds) 孔 (kǒng)

#### Derived terms

* 孔雀女 (kǒngquènǚ)
* 孔雀座 (Kǒngquèzuò)
* 孔雀明王 (Kǒngquè Míngwáng)
* 孔雀東南飛 / 孔雀东南飞
* 孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo)
* 孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí)
* 孔雀綠 / 孔雀绿
* 孔雀舞 (kǒngquèwǔ)
* 孔雀藍 / 孔雀蓝
* 孔雀開屏 / 孔雀开屏
* 小實孔雀豆 / 小实孔雀豆
* 屏開金孔雀 / 屏开金孔雀

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 孔(く)雀(じゃく) (kujaku); 孔(く)雀(ざく) (kuzaku)
* → Korean: 공작(孔雀) (gongjak)
* → Vietnamese: khổng tước (孔雀)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gungjcoz
* → Salar: kunse

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 孔 | 雀 |
| く Grade: S | じゃく Jinmeiyō |
| goon | kan'yōon |
/kuᵑ sʲakʉ/ → /kuⁿzʲakʉ/ → /kuʑaku/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC khuwngX tsjak).
First cited in the Wamyō Ruijushō of roughly 934.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くじゃく [kùjákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ʑa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) or 孔雀(クジャク) • (kujaku)
* [circa 934] a peafowl
    Hypernym: 雉 (kiji)
* [1768] (historical, colloquial) an upper-class prostitute especially in Edo-period Yoshiwara
    from their gold-threaded patterns of peafowl, fenghuang, etc. on their fine clothes
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦
* a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a design of a peacock's expanded tailfeathers

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クジャク.
* The genders can be distinguished by using 雄 (osu) and 雌 (mesu), as in 雄クジャク (osu kujaku, “peacock”) and 雌クジャク (mesu kujaku, “peahen”).

##### Derived terms

* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう) (Kujaku Ō)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう)朝(ちょう) (Kujaku Ōchō)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)貝(ガイ) (kujakugai)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)経(きょう) (Kujaku-kyō)
* くじゃく座(ざ) (Kujaku-za)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)サボテン (kujaku saboten)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)羊歯(シダ) (kujaku shida)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)絞(しぼ)り (kujaku shibori)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)石(せき) (kujakuseki)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)草(ソウ) (kujakusō)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)染(ぞ)め (kujaku-zome)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)炭(たん) (kujakutan)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椿(ツバキ) (kujaku tsubaki)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の木(き) (kujaku no ki)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の間(ま) (kujaku no ma)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)鳩(バト) (kujakubato)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)檜(ヒ)葉(バ) (kujaku hiba)
* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)明(みょう)王(おう) (Kujaku Myōō)
* 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椰(ヤ)子(シ) (kujaku yashi)
* 印(イン)度(ド)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Indo kujaku)
* 薄(ウス)葉(バ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (usuba kujaku)
* 沖(オキ)縄(ナワ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Okinawa kujaku)
* 乙女(オトメ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (otome kujaku)
* 小(コ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (kokujaku)
* 白(シロ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (shirokujaku)
* 紅(べに)孔(く)雀(じゃく) (beni kujaku)
* 真(マ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (makujaku)
* 舞(マイ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (maikujaku)
* 藪(ヤブ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (yabukujaku)

##### Idioms

* 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の卵(たまご) (kujaku no tamago)
* 鳶(とび)が孔(く)雀(じゃく)を生(う)む (tobi ga kujaku o umu)

#### Proper noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) • (Kujaku)
* (astronomy, colloquial) Short for くじゃく座 (Kujaku-za): Pavo

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 孔 | 雀 |
| く Grade: S | さく > ざく Jinmeiyō |
| goon ||
/kuᵑ sakʉ/ → /kuⁿzakʉ/ → /kuzaku/
A variant shift from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC khuwngX tsjak).
First cited in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999.

#### Noun

孔(く)雀(ざく) • (kuzaku)
* [circa 999] (rare, obsolete) a peafowl

### See also

* ピーコック (pīkokku, “peacock”)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 孔 | 雀 |

### Noun

孔雀 • (gongjak) (hangeul 공작)
* hanja form of 공작 (“peafowl”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 孔 | 雀 |

### Noun

孔雀
* chữ Hán form of khổng tước (“peafowl”).