# mir
## Translingual
### Symbol

mir
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Isthmus Mixe.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Isthmus Mixe terms

## English
### Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “community, village commune; peace; world”).

### Noun

mir (plural mirs)
* (now historical) A traditional village community in Imperial Russia, charaterised by self-government and collectivist control of local lands. [from 19th c.]
** 1878, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Russia, volumes 1-3, page 179:[T]he constitution of the village […] was a subject which specially interested me, because I was aware that the Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions.
** R. Van Bergen, The Story of Russia, page 190:
    The mir was the only means to prevent this, and mir meant serfdom under another name. The landowners disposed of their land, or of so much as was required to support the peasants, not to individuals but to the mir.
** 2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 169:Consisting of village elders elected by the male heads of household, the mir conducted almost all peasant business, fixing the dates for the agricultural year, deciding what, when and how crops should be grown, distributing plots of land on the open fields, collecting taxes and enforcing basic community discipline.

### Anagrams

* IRM, MRI, RMI, rim

## Alemannic German
### Etymology

From Middle High German mir (“we”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mir/ ((stressed) IPA: /mɪːr/; (unstressed) IPA: /mər/)

### Pronoun

mir
* (personal) we
* (personal) dative singular of ich: (to) me

#### Declension
## Bavarian
### Pronoun

mir
* Alternative spelling of mia (“me”, dative)
* Alternative spelling of mia (“we”)

## German
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /miːɐ̯/
   * Audio:(file)
   * Audio:(file)
   * Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
* (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA: /mɐ/, /mə/

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir (“me”), from Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

#### Pronoun

mir
* (personal) dative of ich: me, to me:
    Er gab es mir.He gave it to me.
    Mir ist kalt.I am cold.

##### Derived terms

* mirs (“it to me”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German mir (“we”). The form originated through assimilation of wir with a preceding verb form and subsequent unetymological segmentation. This is possibly already an Old High German development, since a common Old High German ending of the 1st person plural was -em, thus bittēm wir → *bittē-mir (modern bitten wir (“ask we, do we ask”)). The contraction as such is definitely old, though the common form of assimilation, both in written Old High German and written Middle High German, is through loss of the nasal: bittē wir. The form with mir may either be a younger development in Middle High German, or a more colloquial form that only later appeared in writing. Older age is suggested by the great dominance of mir throughout modern dialects of High German. Compare Yiddish מיר (mir), Luxembourgish mir. Compare also Old Norse mit (“we two”), Norwegian Nynorsk me (“we”).

#### Pronoun

mir
* (dialectal or colloquial) Alternative form of wir (“we”)
** 16th century / 1874, Alsfelder Passionsspiel mit Wörterbuch herausgegeben von C. W. M. Grein, p. 13 l. 458f. [note: the text also has mer for 1st person plural nominative]:
    Mir willen widder in die helle, Die armen sele siden und quellen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Usage notes

* The form is not common in those parts of northern Germany where Low German dialects have traditionally been spoken.

### Further reading

* “mir” in Duden online
* “mir” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## German Low German
### Alternative forms

* meer (some dialects)
* mehr (some dialects, including Münsterländisch)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miːæ̯/ (Mecklenburg, Pomerania)
* IPA: /miːə̯/ (Holstein, Lower Saxony, northern Brandenburg)
* IPA: /miːr/ (southern Brandenburg)

### Adjective

mir
* (Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian, some Northern Low Saxon, parts of Brandenburg) comparative degree of vęl; more

## Irish
### Adjective

mir
* inflection of mear:
** vocative/genitive masculine singular
** (archaic) dative feminine singular

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Limburgish
### Pronunciation

* (most dialects) IPA: /mɪr/
* (Maastrichtian) IPA: /mir/

### Pronoun

mir
* (personal, obsolete) dative singular of ich: me, to me
    Mir gaaf t'r 't. ― He gave it to me.

#### See also

* ich
* mich
* miener

## Luxembourgish
### Alternative forms

* mer (unstressed)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miːr/, [miə̯], [ˈmiː.ɐ]

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir.

#### Pronoun

mir
* first-person singular, dative: me, to me
    Dat brauchs de mir net ze erklären.You don’t have to explain that to me.

### Etymology 2

From Old High German wir through assimilation with a preceding verb ending (-n w- > -m-) and subsequent unetymological segmentation. See German mir (etymology 2) for the details. Compare also Luxembourgish dir (“you”), in which a similar development took place.

#### Pronoun

mir
* first-person plural, nominative: we
    Mir hu véier Hausdéieren.We have four pets.

### Declension
## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [mʲirˠ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /mʲirˠ/
* Bender phonemes: {mir}

### Adjective

mir
* red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

### Noun

mir
* the color red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Meriam
### Noun

mir
* word
* language

## Middle English
### Noun

mir
* Alternative form of mirre

## Middle High German
### Etymology

From Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

### Pronoun

mir
* me: dative singular of ich

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: mir, mer
* Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: miar
    Mòcheno: mer
* Central Franconian:
    Hunsrik: meer, mer
* German: mir
* Luxembourgish: mir, meer
* Yiddish: מיר (mir)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).

### Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirer, definite plural mirene)
* (historical) a mir

### References

* ↑ “mir” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

### Anagrams

* rim

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).

### Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirar, definite plural mirane)
* (historical) a mir

### References

* ↑ “mir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* rim

## Old High German
### Pronoun

mir
* dative singular of ih

## Pennsylvania German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miːɐ̯/

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

#### Pronoun

mir
* dative of ich: me, to me

##### Declension

$^1$ unstressed

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

#### Pronoun

mir
* we

##### Declension

$^1$ unstressed

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmir/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kociewie) IPA: /ˈmir/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈmir/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ir
* Syllabification: mir

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish mir, mier.

#### Noun

mir m inan
* (dated or dialectal, Kielce) respect (admiration for a person or entity because of perceived merit)
    Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek
* (dated or dialectal, Malbork) peace (absence of conflict, violence, or war)
    Synonyms: pokój, zgoda
* (historical, law) special protection granted by a monarch to certain individuals or places
* (historical) mir, obshchina (peasant village community as opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia)
    Synonym: obszczina

##### Alternative forms

* mnir (Far Masovian)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

mir f
* genitive plural of mira

### Further reading

* mir in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mir in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “mir”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
* Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “mir”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 746
* Władysław Siarkowski (1891) “mir”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludowej z okolic Pińczowa”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, page 337

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мѵро (müro), from Ancient Greek μύρον (múron). Compare also Aromanian mir.

#### Noun

mir n (plural miruri)
* chrism
* unction
* holy oil

##### See also

* mire

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

mir
* first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of mira

## Romansch
### Etymology 1

From Latin mūrus.

#### Noun

mir m (plural mirs)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) exterior wall

##### Alternative forms

* meir (Surmiran)
* mür (Puter, Vallader)

##### Coordinate terms

* paraid

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mir f (plural mirs)
* (Sutsilvan) Alternative form of mieur (“mouse”)

##### Derived terms

* miezmir-a-miezutschi (“bat”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mîːr/

### Noun

mȋr m (Cyrillic spelling ми̑р)
* peace
    Nobelova nagrada za mir ― Nobel peace prize
    centar grada je oaza mira i zelenila ― city center is an oasis of peace and greenery
    mirovna konferencija ― peace conference
** 1996, United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Serbian”, in UDHR in Unicode‎, archived from the original on 27 July 2021:Pošto je priznavanje urođenog dostojanstva i jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih članova ljudske porodice temelj slobode, pravde i mira u svetu;Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
* calm, tranquility
    ostavi me na miru! ― leave me alone!
    pusti me na miru! ― leave me alone!

#### Derived terms

* mirovina
* namiriti
* smiren
* uznemirivati

## Slovene
### Alternative forms

* mer (dialectal)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /míːr/
* Rhymes: -ɪːr
* Hyphenation: mir
* Homophone: mer

#### Noun

mȋr m inan
* peace (tranquility, quiet, harmony)
    Synonyms: tišina, gmah, mah, pokoj, spokoj, blaženi mir, idilični mir, mirnst, molk, nebeški mir, nemota, pokojnost, spokojnost, sveti mir
    Antonyms: hrup, hrum, hrušč, hrumot, hrupot, rumel, šunder, tumult, nemir, alarm, direndaj, nepokoj, spektakel, turbulenca, vihar, vihra
* peace (state free of war)
    Synonym: mirnodobno stanje
    Antonym: vojno stanje
* calmness, peace (a state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions)
    Synonyms: mirnost, umirjenost, mirnodušje, minodušnost, pokoj, pokojnost, ravnodušje, spokoj, spokojnost, stoičnost, zlati mir
    Antonyms: nemir, nemirnost, nepokoj, nepokojnost
    V njenih očeh je našel mir. ― He found peace in her eyes.
* (literary) peace treaty
    Synonym: mirovna pogodba

##### Declension
#### Interjection

mȋr
* quiet, silent
    Synonyms: tiho, tišina

#### Derived terms

* biti mir
* blaženi mir
* Bog komu da večni mir
* božji mir
* da bo mir
* da bo mir pri hiši
* dati mir
* delati mir
* golob miru
* idilični mir
* ljubi mir
* mir besedi
* mir z vami
* mírən
* mirȋləc
* mirȋtəlj
* mirīti
* mirováti
* mirọ̄vən
* na miru
* nebeški mir
* nočni mir
* oaza miru
* obmirováti
* pipa miru
* počivati v miru
* pohod miru
* pomirȋəv
* pomirīti
* pomírjati
* pomirjeválo
* pomirjeváti
* posebni mir
* premȋrje
* pri miru
* separatni mir
* sveti mir
* še pes ima rad pri jedi mir
* umirīti
* umírjati
* umȋrjenost
* vestfalski mir
* vznemīriti
* vznemȋrjenost
* zlati mir

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *myrъ̏, from Latin mūrus. Cognates with German Mauer.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /míːr/
* Rhymes: -ɪːr
* Hyphenation: mir
* Homophone: mer

#### Noun

mȋr m inan
* (obsolete or chiefly western dialects) wall (a rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes)
    Synonyms: zid, zidišče

##### Derived terms

* mȋrje
* Mȋrje

### See also

* sporazum
* tišina
* stena

### Further reading

* “mir”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “mir”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Etymology

Initialism of médico interno residente m, médica interna residente f.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmiɾ/ [ˈmiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: mir

### Noun

mir m or f by sense (plural mires)
* (Spain) resident (physician in training)

### Further reading

* “mir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tolai
### Alternative forms

* amir

### Pronoun

mir
* First-person exclusive dual pronoun: he/she and I, him/her and me

#### Declension

| | singular | dual | paucal | plural |
| 1st person exclusive | iau | amir mir | amital mital | avet ave$^1$ |
| 1st person inclusive | - | dor | datal | dat da$^1$ |
| 2nd person | u | amur mur | amutal mutal | avat ava$^1$ |
| 3rd person | ia i | dir di | dital | diat dia$^1$ |
| $^{1)}$ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb. |||||

## Veps
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian мир (mir).

### Noun

mir
* world

#### Synonyms

* mail'm

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “мир, свет”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Zazaki
### Etymology

A shortened form of *xamîr, related to Persian خمیر (xamir).

### Noun

mir
* dough