# 楷

| 楷 | U+6977, &#26999; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6977 |
| ← 楶 [U+6976] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 楸 → [U+6978] |

## Translingual
### Han character

楷 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木心心日 (DPPA), four-corner 4196$_1$, composition ⿰木皆)

#### Derived characters

* 𭬐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15185
* Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1246, character 13
* Unihan data for U+6977

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 皆 | *kriːl |
| 偕 | *kriːl |
| 階 | *kriːl |
| 喈 | *kriːl |
| 稭 | *kriːl, *kriːd |
| 堦 | *kriːl |
| 楷 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 鶛 | *kriːl |
| 湝 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 蝔 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 鍇 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 揩 | *kʰriːl |
| 諧 | *ɡriːl |
| 瑎 | *ɡriːl |
| 龤 | *ɡriːl |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiē, kǎi (jie$^1$, kai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ, ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jie
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$
*** Yale: jyē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
*** Yale: káai / gāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kai$^2$ / gai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
*** Tâi-lô: khái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³/
* Middle Chinese: keaj, kheajX
Rime :
| Character | 楷 | 楷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 古諧切 | 苦駭切 |
| Baxter | keaj | kheajX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi/ | /kʰˠɛi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi/ | /kʰᵚæi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi/ | /kʰɐi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj/ | /kʰəɨj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi/ | /kʰɛi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi/ | /kʰɐi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi/ | /kʰăi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiē | qiě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^1$ | haai$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/, /*kʰriːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 楷 | 楷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6421 | 6427 |
| Phonetic component | 皆 | 皆 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皆 | 楷 |
| Old Chinese | /*kriːl/ | /*kʰriːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

楷
* Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis)
    Synonym: 黃連木 / 黄连木 (huángliánmù)
* (obsolete, figurative) upright; staunch

#### Compounds

* 楷木

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎi (kai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kǎi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
*** Yale: káai / gāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kaai$^2$ / gaai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kai$^2$ / gai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎi
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
*** Tâi-lô: khái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kai$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khái
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai⁵²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit楷 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰai²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰɛ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰai⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰai⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰæ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰae²¹²/ /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰe̞²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰæ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰɛ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰa³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰɑ⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰe̞⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰie̞⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰa³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰa³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰai⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰai⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰoi³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰai³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰai³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kai⁵⁵/ /kʰai³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰai³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰai²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰai⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xai³¹/ /kai²³/ 俗 |
* Middle Chinese: kheajX
Rime :
| Character | 楷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦駭切 |
| Baxter | kheajX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠɛi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚæi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɐi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəɨj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɛi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɐi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰăi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haai$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰriːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 楷 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 6427 |
| Phonetic component | 皆 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 楷 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰriːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

楷
* model; pattern
* model style of Chinese writing
    楷書／楷书 ― kǎishū ― regular script
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一代楷模
* 大楷 (dàkǎi)
* 奉為楷模 / 奉为楷模
* 小楷 (xiǎokǎi)
* 工楷
* 恭楷
* 梁楷
* 楷則 / 楷则
* 楷式
* 楷書 / 楷书 (kǎishū)
* 楷模 (kǎimó)
* 楷法
* 楷隸 / 楷隶
* 楷體 / 楷体 (kǎitǐ)
* 模楷
* 正楷 (zhèngkǎi)
* 蠅頭小楷 / 蝇头小楷

### Pronunciation 3

* Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kaai$^2$
*** Yale: káai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kaai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaːi̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

楷
* (Cantonese) Classifier for slices of a fruit, especially of an orange, mandarin, tangerine, pomelo, etc.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* Pistacia chinensis
* model; pattern
* regular script
* a surname

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC keaj); compare Mandarin 楷 (jiē):
* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX); compare Mandarin 楷 (kǎi):
* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: かた (kata)、ただしい (tadashii)、のっとる (nottoru, 楷る)
* Nanori: のり (nori)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 楷
* かい Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かい [káꜜì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Affix

楷(かい) • (kai)
* model; pattern
* regular script: a style of Chinese characters that is square and straight-lined

#### Derived terms

* 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

楷 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

楷: Hán Nôm readings: giai, khai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.