# 阜

| 阜 | U+961C, &#38428; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-961C |
| ← 阛 [U+961B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 阝 → [U+961D] |
| ⾩ | U+2FA9, &#12201; KANGXI RADICAL MOUND |
| ← ⾨ [U+2FA8] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾪ → [U+2FAA] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 阝 (when used as a left Chinese Radical)

### Han character

阜 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口十 (HRJ), four-corner 2740$_7$, composition ⿱𠂤十)
* Kangxi radical #170, ⾩.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/阜
* 埠, 𢮒, 㷆, 𤦞, 𥓭, 𧌓, 𧨮, 𮢌, 𩣸
* 𤭟, 顊(𬱪), 𧌛, 䘀, 𡸠, 𦰺, 𢈹, 𤷎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1345, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41534
* Dae Jaweon: page 1847, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4114, character 1
* Unihan data for U+961C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阜 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 阜 | *buʔ |
| 埠 | *baːs |
Pictogram (象形) , a row of steps on a hill, still visible in the upper part 𠂤. The original version is 𨸏.

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-bu ~ *pu (“to be born; birth; bud; bloom”). Compare Burmese ဖူး (hpu:, “to bud”), as well as 孢 (“spore”), 皰 (OC *pʰruːs, *bruːs, “pimple, blister”) (STEDT), 苞 (OC *pruː, “bud; luxuriant”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fù
    (Hailu, HRS): fu$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâiu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hu$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hǔ / hū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$veu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^6$
*** Yale: fauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hâiu
*** Sinological IPA : /hɑu²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǔ
*** Tâi-lô: hǔ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū
*** Tâi-lô: hū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hu
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$veu
*** MiniDict: veu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$veu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vɤ²³/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 阜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房久切 |
| Baxter | bjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /biu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*buʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 阜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b](r)uʔ/ |
| English | big mound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 阜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3533 |
| Phonetic component | 阜 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婦 |
| Old Chinese | /*buʔ/ |

### Definitions

阜
* (literary) mound
* (literary) abundant; rich
* a surname

### Compounds

* 土阜
* 岐阜 (Qífù)
* 左阜右邑
* 平阜
* 康阜
* 曲阜 (Qūfù)
* 殷民阜利
* 殷民阜財
* 殷阜
* 民安物阜
* 民康物阜
* 民殷財阜
* 民熙物阜
* 物阜民安
* 物阜民熙
* 物阜民豐 / 物阜民丰
* 翠阜
* 阜盛
* 阜蕃
* 阜螽
* 阜財 / 阜财
* 阜陽 / 阜阳 (Fùyáng)
* 陰阜 / 阴阜 (yīnfù)

### Descendants

* → Lao: ພູ (phū)
* → Thai: ภู (puu, “mound, mountain, hill”)

### References

* “阜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “阜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 70.
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 227.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* mound, dam

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ふう (fū)
* Kan’yō-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: おか (oka, 阜)
* Nanori: あつ (atsu)、あつし (atsushi)

#### Usage notes

* This kanji, when referencing as a radical, is usually called "Gifu-no-'fu'"

### Noun

* Kanji in this term
* 阜
* つかさ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 阜 – see the following entry. :
| 【つかさ】 | [noun] 阜, 司: a small hill Alternative spelling 司 |
(This term, 阜, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 阜 (MC bjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 阜 (eumhun 언덕 부 (eondeok bu))
* hanja form of 부 (“hill”)

#### Compounds

* 대부도 (大阜島, Daebudo, “Daebu Island”)
* 와부읍 (瓦阜邑, Wabueup)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

阜: Hán Nôm readings: phụ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.