# 斧

| 斧 | U+65A7, &#26023; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65A7 |
| ← 斦 [U+65A6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斨 → [U+65A8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

斧 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金大竹一中 (CKHML), four-corner 8022$_1$, composition ⿱父斤)

#### Derived characters

* 𢯋, 䗄, 𨨞(𲈇), 𪂀, 𱡬, 𪂥, 𫿿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13539
* Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2023, character 10
* Unihan data for U+65A7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 斧
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 抪 | *paː, *paːs |
| 布 | *paːs |
| 佈 | *paːs |
| 怖 | *pʰaːs |
| 斧 | *paʔ |
| 父 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 蚥 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 滏 | *baʔ |
| 釜 | *baʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-pʷa (“axe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fǔ (fu$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bu$^2$ / fu$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pú / fú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bu$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): fu$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): bū / hǔ
* Eastern Min (BUC): puō / hū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pó͘ / phú / hú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^3$
*** Yale: fǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bu$^2$ / fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵⁵/, /fu⁵⁵/
* bu2 - vernacular;
* fu2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: pjuX
Rime :
| Character | 斧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方矩切 |
| Baxter | pjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)aʔ/ |
| English | axe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3499 |
| Phonetic component | 父 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 甫 |
| Old Chinese | /*paʔ/ |

### Definitions

斧
* axe; hatchet

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 斧 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 斧子, 斧頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 斧子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 斧頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 斧子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 斧子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 斧子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 斧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 斧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 斧頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 斧頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 斧子, 斧頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 斧頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 斧頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 斧頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 斧頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 斧頭, 開山兒, 貓耳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 斧頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 斧頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 斧頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 斧子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 斧頭, 大斧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 斧頭 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 手斧 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 斧頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 斧頭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 斧頭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 斧頭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 斧頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 斧頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 斧子, 斧頭 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 斧子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 斧子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 斧子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 斧頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 斧, 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 斧 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 斧 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 斧頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 斧頭 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 大斧, 斧頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 斧頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 斧頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 斧頭, 開山子, 開山 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 貓頭, 開山子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 貓頭, 斧頭, 開山子 |

### Compounds

* 伐性之斧
* 刀切斧砍
* 刀斧手 (dāofǔshǒu)
* 大刀闊斧 / 大刀阔斧 (dàdāokuòfǔ)
* 大斧 (dàfǔ)
* 大斧劈
* 小斧劈
* 弄斧班門 / 弄斧班门
* 投斧
* 提刀弄斧
* 操斧伐柯
* 斤斧
* 斧依
* 斧冰
* 斧削
* 斧子 (fǔzi)
* 斧政 (fǔzhèng)
* 斧斤 (fǔjīn)
* 斧柯
* 斧正 (fǔzhèng)
* 斧藻
* 斧質 / 斧质
* 斧足綱 / 斧足纲
* 斧鉞 / 斧钺 (fǔyuè)
* 斧鉞湯鑊 / 斧钺汤镬
* 斧鑕 / 斧锧
* 斧鑿 / 斧凿
* 斧鑿痕 / 斧凿痕
* 斧頭 / 斧头 (fǔtóu)
* 板斧 (bǎnfǔ)
* 水斧蟲 / 水斧虫
* 燭影斧聲 / 烛影斧声
* 班門弄斧 / 班门弄斧 (bānménnòngfǔ)
* 石斧
* 破斧
* 砧斧
* 碪斧 / 砧斧
* 神工鬼斧
* 資斧 / 资斧
* 開山斧 / 开山斧
* 開心斧 / 开心斧
* 鬼斧
* 鬼斧神工 (guǐfǔshéngōng)

## Hachijō
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: よき (yoki, 斧)

### Noun

* Kanji in this term
* 斧
* よき Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
斧(よき) (yoki)
* a small hatchet

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu)
* Kan-on: ふ (fu)
* Kun: おの (ono, 斧)

#### Compounds

* 斧鉞(ふえつ) (fuetsu)
* 斧鑿(ふさく) (fusaku)
* 斧正(ふせい) (fusei)
* 握斧(あくふ) (akufu)
* 石斧(せきふ) (sekifu)
* 手斧(ちょうな) (chōna)
* 戦斧(せんぷ) (senpu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 斧
* おの Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Logographically attested in the Man'yōshū as 斧, and phonetically attested in the Nihon Ryōiki with the man'yōgana spelling 乎乃. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *wənə.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おの [óꜜnò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞no̞]

#### Noun

斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono)
* axe, hatchet
** 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 9 (back):斧 乎乃Axe: wono
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:
    Vono. ヲノ (斧) または、 Masacari. (鉞) 斧.Wono. Also masakari. A hatchet.
** 2008 March 15, “アックス・レイダー [Axe Raider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:
    オノを持(も)つ戦(せん)士(し)。片(かた)手(て)でオノを振(ふ)り回(まわ)す攻(こう)撃(げき)はかなり強(つよ)い。
       Ono o motsu senshi. Katate de ono o furimawasu kōgeki wa kanari tsuyoi.
       An axe-wielding warrior. He swings his axe with only one arm, yet he can deal quite some heavy blows.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 斧
* よき Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Attested in the Shinsen Jikyō of circa 898–901 CE, with the man'yōgana spelling 与支. Presumably from Proto-Japonic, but the first attestation in Japanese is too late to precisely reconstruct the vowels. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *yoki.
Despite widespread regional attestations, the lack of pitch accent information in standard Japanese could imply that this word is not used in modern standard Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Toyama, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi (Nagoya), Tottori, Shimane (Izumo), Okayama (Takamatsu)) よき [yòkí] (Heiban – [0]) The following dialects listed are Tokyo-type dialects. For more dialectal and accentual data, please consult the source.
* IPA: [jo̞kʲi]
* (Ishikawa (Kanazawa)) ゆき [yùkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jɯ̟kʲi]

#### Noun

斧(よき) • (yoki)
* (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet
** (Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet
** (Yamanashi) a big hatchet
** (southern Tohoku, Kantō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general)

##### Usage notes

This term had apparently referred to a small type of hatchet. Depending on the dialect however, it can also refer to a big type of hatchet.

##### Derived terms

* 斧琴菊(よきこときく) (yokikotokiku, “a traditional dyeing pattern”)

#### Further reading

* “よき【斧】”, in 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten, “Nihon Hōgen Daijiten”) ‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1989, released online 2016, →ISBN

### References

* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 837
* ↑ “おの［をの］ 【斧】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
* ↑ “よき 【斧】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), pages 911-914
* Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

斧 • (bu) (hangeul 부)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *wənə.

### Noun

斧 (wono$_2$) (kana をの)
* an axe, hatchet
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1403:三幣帛取神之祝我鎮齊杉原燎木伐殆之國手斧所取奴mi$_1$NUSA TORI KAMI$_2$ NO$_2$ PAPURI ga ITUKU SUGI$_1$PARA TAKI$_1$GI$_2$ KO$_2$RI POTOPOTOsikuni TE WONO$_2$ TORAYEnuIn the field of cedars, I take this offering; the god's priest worships. I almost cut the firewood holding the axe in my hand.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ
斧: Nôm readings: búa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.