# 溟

| 溟 | U+6E9F, &#28319; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E9F |
| ← 溞 [U+6E9E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 溠 → [U+6EA0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

溟 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月日金 (EBAC), four-corner 3718$_0$, composition ⿰氵冥)
* sea, ocean
* drizzling rain
* dark, obscure

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 640, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17947
* Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1709, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6E9F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 瞑 | *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ |
| 嫇 | *mreːŋ, *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ |
| 慏 | *meŋʔ |
| 冥 | *meːŋ |
| 榠 | *meːŋ |
| 鄍 | *meːŋ |
| 溟 | *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ |
| 螟 | *meːŋ |
| 猽 | *meːŋ |
| 蓂 | *meːŋ, *meːɡ |
| 覭 | *meːŋ, *meːɡ |
| 暝 | *meːŋ, *meːŋs |
| 幎 | *meːɡ |
| 幂 | *meːɡ |
| 塓 | *meːɡ |

### Etymology

Thought by classical commentators to be the same word as 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark, black(of water)”) (likely in light of the parallelism with the unrelated 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ, “sea, ocean”) < 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”)). If so, see 冥 (OC *meːŋ) for etymology.
Schuessler (2007) proposes that there's an outside chance this can be instead connected with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mlik, whence Old Burmese မ္လစ် (“river”), Burmese မြစ် (mrac), Rakhine [script needed] (mreik, “sea”), Daai Chin [Term?] (mlik (tui), “big water, river, sea”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míng (ming$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$
*** Yale: míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Yale: mìhng / míhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹/, /mɪŋ¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: meng, mengX
Rime :
| Character | 溟 | 溟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫經切 | 莫迥切 |
| Baxter | meng | mengX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /meŋ/ | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /meŋ/ | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛŋ/ | /mɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛjŋ/ | /mɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /meŋ/ | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mieŋ/ | /mieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mieŋ/ | /mieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng | mǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ | ming$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋ/, /*meːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 溟 | 溟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9200 | 9209 |
| Phonetic component | 冥 | 冥 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冥 | 茗 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːŋ/ | /*meːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

溟
* sea, ocean
    Běimíng yǒu yú, qí míng wéi kūn. [Pinyin]
    In the northern ocean there is a fish; its name is Kun.

#### Compounds

* 溟沐
* 溟渤
* 溟溟 (míngmíng)
* 滄溟 / 沧溟
* 溟漭
* 溟濛 / 溟蒙 (míngméng)
* 重溟

### References

* “溟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “溟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* dark
    Synonym: 冥
* light rain
* sea, ocean

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 溟 (MC meng); compare Mandarin 溟 (míng):
* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei)
From Middle Chinese 溟 (MC mengX); compare Mandarin 溟 (mǐng):
* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: うみ (umi, 溟)、くらい (kurai, 溟い)

#### Compounds

* 溟(みょう)溟(みょう) (myōmyō) (冥(みょう)冥(みょう))
* 溟(めい)海(かい) (meikai) (冥(めい)海(かい))
* 溟(めい)涬(けい) (meikei)
* 溟(めい)色(しょく) (meishoku) (冥(めい)色(しょく))
* 溟(めい)渤(ぼつ) (meibotsu)
* 溟(めい)溟(めい) (meimei) (冥(めい)冥(めい))
* 溟(めい)濛(もう) (meimō)
* 溟(めい)沐(もく) (meimoku)
* 混(こん)溟(めい) (konmei) (混(こん)冥(めい))
* 西(せい)溟(めい) (seimei) (西(せい)冥(めい))
* 滄(そう)溟(めい) (sōmei)
* 東(とう)溟(めい) (tōmei)
* 南(なん)溟(めい) (nanmei) (南(なん)冥(めい))
* 北(ほく)溟(めい) (hokumei) (北(ほく)冥(めい))
* 濛(もう)溟(めい) (mōmei)

## Korean
### Hanja

溟 (eum 명 (myeong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

溟: Hán Nôm readings: mênh, minh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation