# 辞書
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 辞 | 書 |
| じ Grade: 4 | しょ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 辭書 (kyūjitai)
A repurposing of older term 辞書 (jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below), based on a reanalysis of the constituent characters 辞 (ji, “resignation, quitting; word”) + 書 (sho, “writing, record, document, book”). Influenced by Middle Chinese-derived term 辞典 (jiten, “dictionary”), wherein the 辞 character expresses the meaning word from Middle Chinese 辭 / 辞 (zi), instead of the meaning resignation or quitting from Middle Chinese 辤 (zi). Note that both of these older character forms were later conflated in both Japanese and Chinese into the simplified version 辞, with the word meaning becoming dominant in Chinese.
First appearance in Japanese with the dictionary sense might be the 1595 publication by the Jesuits of the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”), alternate title Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum.
Compare modern Mandarin 辭書 / 辞书 (císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”), possibly reborrowed from or otherwise influenced by the Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じしょ [jíꜜshò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑiɕo̞]

#### Noun

辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)
* a dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)

##### Synonyms

* 辞典(じてん) (jiten)
* 辞林(じりん) (jirin)
* 字引(じびき) (jibiki)
* 辞彙(じい) (jii)

##### See also

* 事典(じてん) (jiten)
* 字典(じてん) (jiten)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 辞 | 書 |
| じ Grade: 4 | しょ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 辭書 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese compound 辤書 / 辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じしょ [jíꜜshò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑiɕo̞]

#### Noun

辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)
* a letter of resignation
* a formal document of abdication when one emperor steps down and a new emperor ascends the throne

##### Synonyms

* (resignation): 辞表(じひょう) (jihyō)
* (abdication): 御報書(ごほうしょ) (gohōsho)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 辞 | 書 |
| じ Grade: 4 | そ Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 辭書 (kyūjitai)
The 直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”) of jisho above. Most common from the Heian through the Muromachi periods.
It is unclear if the pronunciation itself also shifted, or just the spelling.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑiso̞]

#### Noun

辞(じ)書(そ) • (jiso)
* (obsolete) a letter of resignation

### References

* ↑ 1984, 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, relevant text online here. Note the typo in the Latin name as listed in this source, showing Dictionaricum instead of the correct Dictionarium.
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN