# pecunia
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* pecunio (rare)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin pecūnia, derived from pecū (“cattle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈku.nja/
* Rhymes: -unja
* Hyphenation: pe‧cù‧nia

### Noun

pecunia f (plural pecunie) (literary)
* (usually uncountable, archaic, now chiefly humorous) money
    Synonym: denaro
* (obsolete) treasury (public finance)
    Synonym: erario

#### Related terms

* pecora
* pecuniale
* pecuniario
* pecunioso

### Further reading

* pecunia in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

From an unattested adjective *pecūnus "having cattle" plus -ia, the first from pecū (“cattle”) +‎ -nus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /peˈkuː.ni.a/, [pɛˈkuːniä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /peˈku.ni.a/, [peˈkuːniä]

### Noun

pecūnia f (genitive pecūniae); first declension
* money
    Sī pecūniam habērem, pānem emerem.If I had money, I would buy bread.
    Catapultam habeo. Nisi pecuniam omnem mihi dabis, ad caput tuum saxum immane mittam.I have a catapult. Unless you give me all of the money, I will fling an enormous rock at your head.
* wealth
* (figuratively) cash, ready money, liquid wealth

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* pecūlātor
* pecūlātus
* pecūlium
* pecūniārius
* pecūniōsus
* pecus

#### Descendants

* >? Aromanian: picunjiu, picunj
* → Friulian: pecugne
* → Ido: pekunio
* → Italian: pecunia
* → Portuguese: pecúnia
* → Romanian: pecunie
* → Spanish: pecunia

### References

* “pecunia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pecunia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* pecunia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* pecunia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to contribute alms: stipem (pecuniam) conferre to squander one's money, one's patrimony: effundere, profundere pecuniam, patrimonium to leave money to a person in one's will: pecuniam alicui legare much money: pecunia magna, grandis (multum pecuniae) little money: pecunia exigua or tenuis cash; ready money: pecunia praesens (vid. sect. V. 9, note Notice too...) or numerata to spend money: pecuniam erogare (in classem) to devote money to a purpose: pecuniam insumere in aliquid or consumere in aliqua re to pay cash: pecuniam numerare alicui (Att. 16. 16) to pay money: pecuniam solvere to owe some one money: pecuniam alicui debere to lend some one money (without interest): pecuniam alicui credere (sine fenore, usuris) to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo to put out money at interest: pecuniam fenore occupare (Flacc. 21. 54) to put money in an undertaking: pecuniam collocare in aliqua re the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle: pecunia iacet otiosa to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo to lend money to some one: pecuniam alicui mutuam dare to repay a loan: pecuniam creditam solvere to demand payment: pecuniam exigere (acerbe) to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere finance; money-matters: ratio pecuniarum money is outstanding, unpaid: pecunia in nominibus est I have money owing me: pecuniam in nominibus habeo credit and financial position: fides et ratio pecuniarum to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia to be reduced to extreme financial embarrassment: in maximas angustias (pecuniae) adduci to extort money from the communities: pecuniam cogere a civitatibus the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit to embezzle money: avertere pecuniam (Verr. 2. 1. 4) to accuse some one of malversation, embezzlement of public money: accusare aliquem peculatus, pecuniae publicae to condemn some one to a fine: pecunia multare aliquem
* “pecunia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “pecunia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* pecunia in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pecu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454

## Spanish
### Noun

pecunia f (plural pecunias)
* (colloquial) dosh; spondulicks; cash

### Further reading

* “pecunia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10