# 塾

| 塾 | U+587E, &#22654; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-587E |
| ← 塽 [U+587D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塿 → [U+587F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塾 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈土 (YIG), four-corner 0510$_4$, composition ⿱孰土)
* village school
* private tutorage

#### Derived characters

* 𨷙

#### Related characters

* 熟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5402
* Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 481, character 10
* Unihan data for U+587E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塾 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 熟 | *djɯwɢ |
| 孰 | *djɯwɢ |
| 塾 | *djɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shú (shu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^6$
*** Yale: suhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzyuwk
Rime :
| Character | 塾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 殊六切 |
| Baxter | dzyuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11799 |
| Phonetic component | 孰 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 熟 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯwɢ/ |

### Definitions

塾
* old-style private school

#### Compounds

* 塾師 / 塾师 (shúshī)
* 塾掌
* 學塾 / 学塾 (xuéshú)
* 家塾
* 敝塾
* 村塾 (cūnshú)
* 私塾 (sīshú)
* 私塾先生
* 義塾 / 义塾
* 門塾 / 门塾

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* cram school

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅく (juku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kun: もんべや (monbeya, 塾)、まなびや (manabiya, 塾)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 塾
* じゅく Grade: S
* on'yomi
* (Tokyo) じゅく [júꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨkɯ̟]

### Noun

塾(じゅく) • (juku)
* a cram school
    Synonym: 学習塾 (gakushū juku)
** 2006 November 17, Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “獄(ごく)門(もん)塾(じゅく)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)１(いち) [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case #1]”, in 獄門塾殺人事件（上） [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case (First Book)] (金田一少年の事件簿) (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
    ところで草(そう)太(た)君(くん)の通(かよ)ってるこの塾(じゅく)——ホント名(な)前(まえ)どおりのコワソーな塾(じゅく)ね！ああ！「極(ごく)問(もん)塾(じゅく)」だろ？ホントは学(がく)問(もん)を極(きわ)めるっていう意(い)味(み)の「極(ごく)問(もん)」らしいんだけど　あんまりスパルタなんでこっちの「獄(ごく)門(もん)」って陰(かげ)ではいわれてるんだ！やだ！コワイ！
       Tokoro de Sōta-kun no kayotteru kono juku—— honto namae dōri no kowasō na juku ne!
       By the way Sōta, this cram school you’re studying at, it seems as hellish as its name suggests!
       Ā!“Gokumon-juku” daro? Honto wa gakumon o kiwameru tte iu imi no “Gokumon” rashii n da kedo anmari Suparuta na n de kotchi no “Gokumon”tte kage de wa iwareteru n da!
       Oh! You mean “Gokumon Cram School”? “Gokumon” actually means something like ‘studying a field deeply’, but people just go with “Gokumon” as in ‘prison gate’ because of its harsh conditions!
       Ya da! Kowai!
       No way! That’s spooky!

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 塾 (MC dzyuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 슉〮 (syúk) (Yale: syuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 塾 (eumhun 글방 숙 (geulbang suk))
* hanja form of 숙 (“private school”)

#### Compounds

* 사숙 (私塾, sasuk)
* 서숙 (書塾, seosuk)
* 숙당 (塾堂, sukdang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塾: Hán Nôm readings: thục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.