# الماس
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian الماس (almâs, “diamond”).

### Noun

الماس • (elmas)
* diamond, a transparent and colorless mineral, that is an allotrope of carbon

#### Derived terms

* الماستراش (elmastıraş, “diamond-cutter”)
* الماسجی (elmascı, “diamond merchant”)
* الماسی (elmasi, “related to diamonds”)
* الماسیه (elmasiye, “jelly”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: elmas, almas (dialectal)
* → Bulgarian: елмаз (elmaz)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “elmas”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1425
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “الماس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 140
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Adamas”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 18
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “الماس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 399
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “elmas”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “الماس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 189

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾlmʾs (almās); see there for further information.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔal.ˈmɑːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäl.mɑ́ːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäl.mɑ́ːs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäl.mɑ́ːs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäl.mɔ́ːs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæl.mɒ́ːs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäl.mɔ́s]

### Noun

| Dari | الماس |
| Iranian Persian | الماس |
| Tajik | алмос |
الماس • (almâs) (plural الماس‌ها (almâs-hâ))
* diamond
** 1330, Hamdullāh-i Mustawfī, Tārīx-i Guzīda:الماس ... در دره‌های کوه سراندیب میباشد و از بیم افاعی درو نمیتوان رفت و بحیله و سعی طیور بیرون می‌آورند و بدین سبب پاره‌های بزرگ نمیتوان یافت.almās ... dar darra-hā-yi kōh-i Sarāndīb mē-bāšad wa az bīm-i afā'ī dar-ō namē-tawān raft wa ba-hīla u sa'y-i tuyūr bērūn mē-āwarand wa badīn sabab pāra-hā-yi buzurg namē-tawān yāft.Diamond ... is found in the valleys of mountain [groups] of Serendib, and it's not possible to go there because of the snakes, and they extract it using birds, so large pieces can not be obtained.

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: أَلْمَاس (ʔalmās)
** Gulf Arabic: ألماص (əlmasˤ)
** → Swahili: almasi
* → Bashkir: алмас (almas)
* → Georgian: ალმასი (almasi)
** → Bats: ალმას (almas)
** → Ossetian: алмаси (almasi)
* → Kazakh: алмас (almas)
* → Middle Armenian: ալմաս (almas), ալմաստ (almast), ալմազ (almaz), էլմաս (ēlmas)
** → Armenian: ալմաս (almas)
* → Russian: алма́з (almáz)
** → Azerbaijani: almaz
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: अलमास (almās)
    Urdu: الماس (almās)
* → Kyrgyz: алмас (almas)
* → Ottoman Turkish: الماس (elmas)
** Turkish: elmas, almas (dialectal)
** → Bulgarian: елмаз (elmaz)
* → Southern Altai: алмаз (almaz)
* → Tatar: алмас (almas), алмаз (almaz)
* → Uzbek: olmos

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “almās(t)”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 7

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian الماس (almās).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /əl.mɑːs/

### Noun

الماس • (almās) m (Hindi spelling अलमास)
* diamond
* adamant

#### Synonyms

* ہیرا (herā)

#### Related terms

* الماسی
* الماس تراش