# चीन
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn]

### Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)
* China (a country in Asia)

#### Descendants

* →? Portuguese: China
** → English: China
** → Hunsrik: China

### See also

* अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (afġānistān)
* आज़र्बैजान (āzarbaijān)
* आर्मीनिया (ārmīniyā)
* इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
* इराक (irāk)
* इस्राइल (isrāil)
* ईरान (īrān)
* उज़्बेकिस्तान (uzbekistān)
* उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
* ओमान (omān)
* कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
* कज़ाख़स्तान (kazāxastān)
* क़तर (qatar)
* किर्गिज़स्तान (kirgizastān)
* कुवैत (kuvait)
* चीन (cīn)
* जापान (jāpān)
* जॉर्जिया (jŏrjiyā)
* जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
* ताइवान (tāivān)
* ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
* तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
* तुर्की (turkī)
* थाईलैंड (thāīlaiṇḍ)
* दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
* नेपाल (nepāl)
* पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
* पूर्वी तिमोर (pūrvī timor)
* फ़िलिस्तीन (filistīn)
* फ़िलीपीन्स (filīpīns)
* बहरीन (bahrīn)
* बांग्लादेश (bāṅglādeś)
* ब्रह्मदेश (brahmadeś)
* ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
* भारत (bhārat)
* भूटान (bhūṭān)
* मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
* मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
* मालदीव (māldīv)
* मिस्र (misra)
* रूस (rūs)
* लाओस (lāos)
* लेबनान (lebnān)
* वियतनाम (viyatnām)
* श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
* संयुक्त अरब अमीरात (sãyukt arab amīrāt)
* सउदी अरब (saudī arab)
* साइप्रस (sāipras)
* सिंगापुर (siṅgāpur)
* सीरिया (sīriyā)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

### Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) n
* China (a country in Asia)

#### Derived terms

* चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)

### See also

* अझरबैजान (aj̈harbaijān)
* अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān)
* आर्मेनिया (ārmeniyā)
* इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
* इजिप्त (ijipta)
* इराक (irāk)
* इराण (irāṇ)
* इस्रायल (isrāyal)
* उझबेकिस्तान (uj̈hbekistān)
* उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
* ओमान (omān)
* कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
* कझाकस्तान (kaj̈hākastān)
* कतार (katār)
* किर्गिझस्तान (kirgij̈hstān)
* कुवेत (kuvet)
* चीन (cīn)
* जपान (japān)
* जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
* ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
* तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
* तुर्की (turkī)
* थायलंड (thāylaṇḍa)
* दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
* नेपाळ (nepāḷ)
* पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
* पूर्व तिमोर (pūrva timor)
* फिलीपाईन्स (philīpāīnsa)
* बहरैन (bahrain)
* बांगलादेश (bāṅglādeś)
* ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
* भारत (bhārat)
* भूतान (bhūtān)
* मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
* मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
* मालदीव (māldīv)
* म्यानमार (myānmār)
* येमेन (yemen)
* रशिया (raśiyā)
* लाओस (lāos)
* लेबनॉन (lebnŏn)
* व्हियेतनाम (vhiyetnām)
* श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
* संयुक्त अरब अमिराती (saiyukta arab amirātī)
* सायप्रस (sāyapras)
* सिंगापूर (siṅgāpūr)
* सीरिया (sīriyā)
* सौदी अरेबिया (saudī arebiyā)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sinʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: चिन्

### Proper noun

चीन • (cīna)
* China

#### Declension
## Newar
### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕiːnə]

### Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)
* China

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* चीण (cīṇa)

### Alternative scripts

* চীন (Assamese script)
* ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
* চীন (Bengali script)
* 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* စီန (Burmese script)
* ચીન (Gujarati script)
* ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
* ចីន (Khmer script)
* ຈີນ (Lao script)
* ചീന (Malayalam script)
* ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
* ଚୀନ (Odia script)
* ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
* චීන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
* சீந (Tamil script)
* చీన (Telugu script)
* จีน (Thai script)
* ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state. Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉 / 晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state; 荊 / 荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state; or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom. See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/

### Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) m
* the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
** c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः । पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ. pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ.the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas, the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् । बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam. babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā.Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold, His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
** c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
** c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra
** c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
** 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
* → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
** Classical Persian: چین (čīn)
*** Dari: چین (čīn)
*** Iranian Persian: چین (čin)
*** Tajik: Чин (Čin)
*** → Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
**** → Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)
**** → Latin: Sinae
***** → Portuguese: China
****** → Italian: Cina
****** → Sardinian: Cina
****** → English: China
* → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
** Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
** → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
** → Korean: 지나 (jina)
** → Vietnamese: Chi Na
* → Malay: Cina
** Indonesian: Cina
* → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
* → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
* → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

### Noun

चीन • (cīna) stem, n
* a bandage for the corners of the eyes
** c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 1.18.11

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

### References

* ↑ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
* ↑ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither‎, →ISBN, pages 2–3
* ↑ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
* 1 2 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers‎, number 188
* Monier Williams (1899) “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.