# arwain
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* arwedd, arweddu

### Etymology

From Middle Welsh arwein, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare-wedn- (compare synonymous arweddu from *ɸarewedeti), from *ɸare- + *wedeti (compare Old Irish feidid (“bring, lead”)), from *wedʰ- (“to lead”) (compare Lithuanian vèsti, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gawidan), Old Church Slavonic вести (vesti).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ˈarwai̯n/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈarwɛn/
* (South Wales, standard) IPA: /ˈarwai̯n/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈarwɛn/

### Verb

arwain (first-person singular present arweiniaf)
* to lead, guide
* to conduct (e.g. an orchestra)
* to lead (to a certain place)
    Mae’r llwybr ’ma’n arwain i’r goedwig.This path leads to the forest.
* to behave, to conduct oneself
    Synonyms: ymddwyn, bihafio

#### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | arweiniaf | arweini | arwain | arweiniwn | arweiniwch | arweiniant | arweinir |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | arweiniwn | arweinit | arweiniai | arweiniem | arweiniech | arweinient | arweinid |
| preterite | arweiniais | arweiniaist | arweiniodd | arweiniasom | arweiniasoch | arweiniasant | arweiniwyd |
| pluperfect | arweiniaswn | arweiniasit | arweiniasai | arweiniasem | arweiniasech | arweiniasent | arweiniasid, arweiniesid |
| present subjunctive | arweiniwyf | arweiniech | arweinio | arweiniom | arweinioch | arweiniont | arweinier |
| imperative | — | arwain | arweinied | arweiniwn | arweiniwch | arweinient | arweinier |
| verbal noun | arwain | arwain | arwain | arwain | arwain | arwain | arwain |
| verbal adjectives | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy | arweiniedig arweiniadwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | arweinia i, arweiniaf i | arweini di | arweinith o/e/hi, arweiniff e/hi | arweiniwn ni | arweiniwch chi | arweinian nhw |
| conditional | arweiniwn i, arweiniswn i | arweiniet ti, arweiniset ti | arweiniai fo/fe/hi, arweinisai fo/fe/hi | arweinien ni, arweinisen ni | arweiniech chi, arweinisech chi | arweinien nhw, arweinisen nhw |
| preterite | arweiniais i, arweinies i | arweiniaist ti, arweiniest ti | arweiniodd o/e/hi | arweinion ni | arweinioch chi | arweinion nhw |
| imperative | — | arweinia | — | — | arweiniwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

#### Derived terms

* arweiniad (“guidance, leadership”)
* arweiniol (“guiding, leading, introductory”)
* arweinlyfr (“guidebook”)
* arweinwr (“leader, guide”)
* arweinydd (“guide, leader”)
* rhagarwain (“introduce”)
* ymarweddu (“to behave oneself”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arweiniaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies