# 石榴
## Chinese
### Etymology

Clipping of 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shíliú
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^2$ niu$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sek$^6$ lau$^{4-2}$ / sek$^6$ lau$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siit$^6$ liu
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-liù
* Jin (Wiktionary): seh$^5$ liou$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sī-liû
* Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh-lìu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sia̍h-liû / siā-liû / sēe-liû / chio̍h-liû / se̍k-liû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siêh$^8$ liu$^5$ / sioh$^8$ liu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zaq-lieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr$^6$ liou
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíliú → shíliu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊u
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-liu$^5$
*** Yale: shŕ-lyou
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.liou
*** Palladius: шилю (šilju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$時流 / 时流 石榴
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (石榴兒 / 石榴儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíliúr → shíliur (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊ur
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-liu$^5$-ʼrh
*** Yale: shŕ-lyour
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.lioul
*** Palladius: шилюр (šiljur)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^2$ niu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sliu
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹ niəu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²⁴ liou⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sek$^6$ lau$^{4-2}$ / sek$^6$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: sehk láu / sehk làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sek$^9$ lau$^{4-2}$ / sek$^9$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ség$^6$ leo$^{4-2}$ / ség$^6$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siit$^6$ liu
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨt̚⁵ liu²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-liù
*** Hakka Romanization System: sag liu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sag$^6$ liu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ li̯u¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seh$^5$ liou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ liəu²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī-liû
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵ liu³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh-lìu
*** Sinological IPA : /suoʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃ieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h-liû
*** Tâi-lô: sia̍h-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaqliuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /sia(ʔ)³⁵⁻² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /sia(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² liu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yongchun, Sanxia, Yilan, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā-liû
*** Tâi-lô: siā-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaxliuu
*** IPA (Penang): /sia²¹ liu²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun): /sia²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /sia³³⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹⁻²² liu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēe-liû
*** Tâi-lô: sēe-liû
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/
** (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-liû
*** Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqliuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
** (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k-liû
*** Tâi-lô: si̍k-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: segliuu
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siêh$^8$ liu$^5$ / sioh$^8$ liu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h liû / sio̍h liû
*** Sinological IPA : /sieʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/, /sioʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/
* siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
* sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
* Middle Chinese: dzyek ljuw
Rime :
| Character | 石 | 榴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 常隻切 | 力求切 |
| Baxter | dzyek | ljuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ | /lɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛk̚/ | /liu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiæk̚/ | /liəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiajk̚/ | /luw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛk̚/ | /liu/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛk̚/ | /lĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛk̚/ | /li̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí | liú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^6$ | lau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ m·ru/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 石 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyek › |
| Old Chinese | /*dAk/ |
| English | stone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 石 | 榴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11470 | 8886 |
| Phonetic component | 石 | 卯 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 石 | 劉 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaɡ/ | /*m·ru/ |

### Noun

石榴
* pomegranate
* (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
* (Cantonese) guava

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 石榴, 丹若, 若榴, 楉榴, 安石榴 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 石榴, 安石榴 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 石榴, 安石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 石榴兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 石榴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 石榴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 石榴兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 石榴兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 石榴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 石榴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 石榴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 大石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 石榴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 石榴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 石榴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 石榴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 石榴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 石榴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 石榴兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 石榴兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 石榴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 石榴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 石榴, 結子石榴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 石榴, 結子石榴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 番鬼石榴 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 石榴 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 石榴 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 石榴 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 石榴仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 番石榴 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 石榴, 石梨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 石榴仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 石榴仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 石榴仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 石榴 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 石榴 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 石榴 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 石榴 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 石榴兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 石榴兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 石榴兒 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 石榴兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 石榴 |
| Jin | Linhe | 石榴 |
| Jin | Jining | 石榴 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 石榴 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 石榴 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 石榴 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 石榴 |
| Jin | Handan | 石榴 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 石榴 |
| Jin | Suide | 石榴兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 石榴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 石榴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 紅花石榴 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 石榴 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 石榴 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 石榴 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 石榴 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 石榴 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 石榴 |
| Wu | Danyang | 石榴 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 石榴 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 石榴, 金猛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 金櫻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 石榴 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 石榴 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 石榴 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 番石榴 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 番石榴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 芭樂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 番石榴, 雞屎果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 番石榴, 膠棯, 棯仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 番石榴, 石榴, 雞屎果, 女人狗肉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 番石榴, 雞屎果, 女人狗肉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 雞屎橘 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 雞屎果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 雞屎果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 番棯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 雞屎果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 番棯 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 番石榴, 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 石榴, 花棯, 雞屎橘 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 花棯子 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 花棯, 雞屎果, 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 大番桃 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 石榴 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 番桃子 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 番鬼石榴 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 雞果 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 番石榴 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 番桃子 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 番桃子 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 番桃子 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 花棯 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 番桃子 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 番桃 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 雞屎果 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 番石榴, 雞屎果 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 番石榴, 雞屎果 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 朳, 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 朳 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 朳哩 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 朳 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 朳哩 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 雞屎朳 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 豎朳 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 朳子 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 朳子 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 朳咧 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 朳子 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 朳哎 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 朳哎 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 朳蒂 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 朳 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 石榴 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 朳 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 雞屎朳 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 雞屎果 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 那朳仔, 拉朳仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 朳 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 番桃 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 朳仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 朳仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 番石榴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 番石榴 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 番石榴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 林囝菝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 林菝仔, 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 林菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 林菝 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 番石榴 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 番石榴 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 林菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 土菝仔, 林菝仔, 林菝 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 林仔菝, 林菝 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 染霧 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 菝仔, 林仔菝, 貓菝, 木囝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 林仔菝 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 番石榴 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Sijie) | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 番石榴 |
| Southern Min | Lechang (Tatou) | 雞屎果 |
| Southern Min | Yingde (Yuzui) | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Yunan (Liantan) | 番鬼菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 菝囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 番石榴, 菝囝, 木囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 木囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 木囝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 菝仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 木囝 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 木囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 冬棯 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 塘呢 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 花棯, 番桃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 番桃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 番桃子 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 番石榴 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 番石榴 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 番石榴 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 番石榴 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 番石榴 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 番石榴 |

#### Derived terms

* 拜倒石榴裙下 (bàidǎo shíliúqún xià)
* 番石榴 (fānshíliú)
* 石榴仔
* 石榴石 (shíliúshí)
* 石榴裙 (shíliúqún)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “石榴” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |
| じゃく > ざく Grade: 1 | る > ろ Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 柘榴
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.
The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE. The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざくろ [záꜜkùrò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡za̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Noun

石(ざく)榴(ろ) or 石榴(ザクロ) • (zakuro)
* [from 747] pomegranate

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.

##### Derived terms

* 石(ざく)榴(ろ)石(いし) (zakuroishi): garnet (gemstone)
* 石(ざく)榴(ろ)口(ぐち) (zakuroguchi): a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period
* 石(ざく)榴(ろ)ざか (zakurozaka): a rooster's crest or comb that resembles a pomegranate
* 石(ざく)榴(ろ)草(そう) (zakurosō): Mollugo pentaphylla
* 石(ざく)榴(ろ)鼻(ばな) (zakurobana): a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |
| じゃく Grade: 1 | る > ろ Hyōgai |
| goon | irregular |
* Alternative spelling
* 若榴
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s. While rare and missing from some dictionaries, this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Noun

石(じゃく)榴(ろ) • (jakuro)
* [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate

##### Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |
| せき Grade: 1 | りゅう Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せきりゅう [séꜜkìryùù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [se̞kʲiɾʲɨː]

#### Noun

石(せき)榴(りゅう) • (sekiryū)
* [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate

##### Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

##### Derived terms

* 石(せき)榴(りゅう)子(し) (sekiryūshi): garnet (gemstone; less common reading than zakuro-ishi above)
* 石(せき)榴(りゅう)皮(ひ) (sekiryūhi): dried pomegranate, both seeds and skin, used as a treatment for tapeworm

### References

* ↑ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980), たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”)‎ (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 6 June 2021
* 1 2 3 4 5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |

### Noun

石榴 • (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)
* hanja form of 석류 (“pomegranate”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |
| Grade: 1 | Hyōgai |

### Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら. Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.

### Noun

石榴(ざくら) (zakura)
* pomegranate

### References

* ↑ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 43

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 石 | 榴 |

### Noun

石榴
* chữ Hán form of thạch lựu (“pomegranate”).