# grafa
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkraːva/
    Rhymes: -aːva

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse grafa (“to dig”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

#### Verb

grafa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gróf, third-person plural past indicative grófu, supine grafið)
* to dig
* to bury
    Synonym: greftra
* to engrave
    Synonym: skera
* to enquire
    Synonyms: grafast, spyrja
* (impersonal) to suppurate, fester

##### Derived terms

* grafa skurði (“to trench”)
* grafa undan (“to undermine”)

##### Related terms

* gröf

### Etymology 2

From the verb grafa (“to dig”).

#### Noun

grafa f (genitive singular gröfu, nominative plural gröfur)
* an excavator, a digger; (large machine used to dig holes and trenches)

##### Derived terms

* keðjugrafa (“trencher”)
* traktorsgrafa (“excavator loader”)
* vélgrafa (“mechanical excavator”)
* víragrafa (“rope-operated excavator”)
* vökvagrafa (“hydraulic excavator”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

grafa
* indefinite genitive plural of gröf

## Irish
### Participle

grafa
* past participle of graf (“write; draw, sketch; graph, plot, chart”)

### Noun

grafa m sg
* genitive singular of grafadh

### Noun

grafa m pl
* vocative plural of graf (“graph, chart”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* (grafà) IPA: /ɡraˈfa/

### Noun

grafà f (plural grafos) stress pattern 2
* space between two vertical lines; column

#### Synonyms

* skiltis f

### References

* 1 2 Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. I–XX, 1941–2002): elektroninis variantas. Redaktorių kolegija: Gertrūda Naktinienė (vyr. redaktorė), Jonas Paulauskas, Ritutė Petrokienė, Vytautas Vitkauskas, Jolanta Zabarskaitė. Programuotojai: Evaldas Ožeraitis, Vytautas Zinkevičius. – Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2017). – http://www.lkz.lt. →ISBN
* ↑ Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑː.fɑ/, [ˈɡrɑː.vɑ]

### Noun

grāfa m
* grove, copse

#### Declension

Weak:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “gráfa”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grabaną.

### Verb

grafa
* to dig
* to bury
* to engrave
* to enquire (also in middle voice: grafask)
* (impersonal) to cause the formation of pus (in something); suppurate

#### Related terms

* grǫf

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: grafa
* Faroese: grava
* Norwegian:
** Norwegian Bokmål: grave
** Norwegian Nynorsk: grave, grava
* Elfdalian: gråvå
* Old Swedish: grava, græva
** Swedish: grava, gräva; grafva, gräfva (pre-1906 spelling)
* Danish: grave

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “grafa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Portuguese
### Verb

grafa
* inflection of grafar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

grafa m sg
* genitive singular of graf

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.