# فرض
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ف ر ض (f r ḍ)
* 10 terms

#### Verb

فَرَضَ • (faraḍa) I (non-past يَفْرِضُ (yafriḍu), verbal noun فَرْض (farḍ))
* to ordain
* to make obligatory, to oblige
** 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.
* to impose

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

فَرَّضَ • (farraḍa) II (non-past يُفَرِّضُ (yufarriḍu), verbal noun تَفْرِيض (tafrīḍ))
* to notch, to make incisions in

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

فَرْض • (farḍ) m (plural فُرُوض (furūḍ))
* verbal noun of فَرَضَ (faraḍa) (form I)
* duty

##### Derived terms

* فَرْضُ عَيْنٍ (farḍu ʕaynin, “individual duty”)
* فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ (farḍu kifāyatin, “communal duty”)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: fərz
* → Bashkir: фарыз (farız)
* → English: fard
* → Italian: fardello
* → Kazakh: парыз (paryz)
* → Kurdish:
    → Central Kurdish: فەڕز (ferrz)
    → Northern Kurdish: ferz
* → Kyrgyz: парз (parz), парыз (parız)
* → Malay: fardu, perlu
** Indonesian: fardu, perlu
* → Ottoman Turkish: فرض (farż)
    > Turkish: farz (inherited)
* → Persian: فرض
** → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)
    Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)
* → Serbo-Croatian: farz, fȁrz
* → Swahili: faradhi
* → Tajik: фарз (farz)
* → Tatar: фарыз (farız), farız
* → Turkmen: parz
* → Uyghur: پەرز (perz, “duty”), پەرەز (perez, “conjecture”)
* → Uzbek: farz (“duty”), faraz (“conjecture”)

## Malay
### Noun

فرض (plural فرض-فرض or فرض۲, informal 1st possessive فرضکو, 2nd possessive فرضمو, 3rd possessive فرضڽ)
* Jawi spelling of fardu‎.

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [faɾz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fäɹz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fäɹz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fäɹz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fäɹz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæɹz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fäɹz]

### Noun

فرض • (farz) (plural فرض‌ها (farz-hâ))
* hypothesis, supposition
* presumption, supposition
* obligation, duty, must
* (Islam) fard, religious duty

### Adjective

| Dari | فرض |
| Iranian Persian | فرض |
| Tajik | фарз |
فرض • (farz)
* essential, obligatory

### Derived terms

* فرض کردن (farz kardan)

### Descendants

* → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)
    Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)

### See also

* واجب (vâjeb)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ف ر ض
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.radˤ/, [ˈfɑ.rˤɑdˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

فرض • (faraḍ) I (present بفرض (bifriḍ))
* to assume, to stipulate
* to impose

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

First attested in c. 1534 as Middle Hindi فرض (farz), borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْض (farz), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fəɾz/
* (Punjabic Urdu) IPA: /fə.ɾəz/
* Rhymes: -əɾz

### Adjective

فَرْض • (farz) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)
* obligatory; compulsory

### Noun

فَرْض • (farz) m (formal plural فَرَائِض (farāiz), Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)
* duty (ie. responsibility)
* moral obligation
* (chiefly Jurisprudence) a compulsory; mandatory act
* (religion) fard, a religious duty or a divine command
* (by extension, Islam) the fard prayer
* right (often moral but not limited to, also legal)
* (by extension) rightful inheritance (ie. the right of inheritors to inherit the deceased's wealth)
* supposition

#### Declension

Declension of فرض :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْض (farz) |
| oblique | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْضوں (farzõ) |
| vocative | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْضو (farzo) |

#### Derived terms

* فَرْض اَدا کَرْنا (farz adā karnā, “to fulfil an obligation or duty”)
* فَرْض پَڑھنا (“to offer the obligatory prayers”)
* فَرْض کَرْنا (farz karnā, “to suppose”)
* فَرْضِ عَین (farz-i 'ain, “strict obligation”)

### References

* ↑ “فرض”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “فرض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرض”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “فرض”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرض”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “فرض”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC