# 灣

| 灣 | U+7063, &#28771; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7063 |
| ← 灢 [U+7062] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 灤 → [U+7064] |

## Translingual
### Han character

灣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+22, 25 strokes, cangjie input 水女火弓 (EVFN), four-corner 3212$_7$, composition ⿰氵彎)

#### Descendants

* 湾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 664, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18823
* Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1798, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7063

## Chinese

* 灣

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water.

### Etymology

Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wān (wan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ван (van, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waan$^1$ / waan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): van$^1$ / van$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): uan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vân
    (Meixian, Guangdong): van$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): van$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳíng
* Eastern Min (BUC): uăng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): uang$^2$ / uong$^2$ / orng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oan / oân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uêng$^1$ / uang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ue
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wān
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wan
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^1$
*** Yale: wān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
*** Sinological IPA : /uan⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ван (van, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /væ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^1$ / waan$^4$
*** Yale: wāan / wàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^1$ / waan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^1$ / wan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn⁵⁵/, /waːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: van$^1$ / van$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /van³³/, /van²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: uan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /uan⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vân
*** Hakka Romanization System: van$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /van²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋan⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: van$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳíng
*** Sinological IPA : /yiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uăng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: uang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: uong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: orng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan / oân
*** Tâi-lô: uan / uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oafn, oaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³/, /uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uêng$^1$ / uang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ueng / uang
*** Sinological IPA : /ueŋ³³/, /uaŋ³³/
* uêng1 - Chaozhou;
* uang1 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: 'waen
Rime :
| Character | 灣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏關切 |
| Baxter | 'waen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuan/ |
| Wang Li | /wan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qroːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 灣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8627 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 彎 |
| Old Chinese | /*qroːn/ |
| Notes | 彎分化字 |

### Definitions

灣
* (geography) bend in a river; riverbend
* (geography) bay; gulf
* (regional, nautical) to berth; to anchor; to moor
* a surname

#### Usage notes

* In Min Nan, the character 灣 is usually read as oan (e.g. in 海灣／海湾 (hái-oan)). The reading of oân in the context of the toponym 臺灣／台湾 (Tâi-oân, “Taiwan”) is an exception stemming from the historical variant 臺員／台员.

#### Synonyms

* (bend in a river): 河灣／河湾 (héwān)
* (bay): 海灣／海湾 (hǎiwān)
* (to berth): 停泊 (tíngbó)

#### Compounds

* 一灣子 / 一湾子
* 三灣 / 三湾 (Sānwān)
* 上車灣 / 上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
* 亞丁灣 / 亚丁湾 (Yàdīngwān)
* 付家灣 / 付家湾 (Fùjiāwān)
* 前灣 / 前湾 (Qiánwān)
* 北灣 / 北湾 (Běiwān)
* 吳家灣 / 吴家湾 (Wújiāwān)
* 吳灣 / 吴湾 (Wúwān)
* 周家灣 / 周家湾 (Zhōujiāwān)
* 土瓜灣 / 土瓜湾 (Tǔguāwān, “To Kwa Wan”)
* 大亞灣 / 大亚湾 (Dàyàwān)
* 大連灣 / 大连湾 (Dàliánwān)
* 孔灣 / 孔湾 (Kǒngwān)
* 寶塔灣 / 宝塔湾 (Bǎotǎwān)
* 岩灣 / 岩湾 (Yánwān)
* 峽灣 / 峡湾 (xiáwān)
* 席特拉灣 / 席特拉湾
* 幾內亞灣 / 几内亚湾
* 廖灣 / 廖湾 (Liàowān)
* 廣州灣 / 广州湾 (Guǎngzhōuwān)
* 廣東灣 / 广东湾
* 張家灣 / 张家湾 (Zhāngjiāwān)
* 張灣 / 张湾 (Zhāngwān, “Zhangwan”)
* 彭家灣 / 彭家湾 (Péngjiāwān)
* 後頭灣 / 后头湾 (Hòutouwān)
* 排灣 / 排湾 (Páiwān)
* 排灣族 / 排湾族 (Páiwānzú)
* 料羅灣 / 料罗湾
* 施家灣 / 施家湾 (Shījiāwān)
* 旗杆灣 (Qígānwān)
* 暹羅灣 / 暹罗湾 (Xiānluówān)
* 朱灣 / 朱湾 (Zhūwān)
* 李灣 / 李湾 (Lǐwān)
* 東京灣 / 东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)
* 杭州灣 / 杭州湾 (Hángzhōuwān)
* 松樹灣 / 松树湾 (Sōngshùwān)
* 東灣 / 东湾 (Dōngwān)
* 楊柳灣 / 杨柳湾 (Yángliǔwān)
* 楊溪灣 / 杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
* 樓子灣 / 楼子湾 (Lóuziwān)
* 江灣 / 江湾 (Jiāngwān)
* 波斯灣 / 波斯湾 (Bōsī Wān)
* 海灣 / 海湾 (hǎiwān)
* 港灣 / 港湾 (gǎngwān)
* 溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
* 潘家灣 / 潘家湾 (Pānjiāwān)
* 灣井 / 湾井 (Wānjǐng)
* 灣洄 / 湾洄
* 灣流 / 湾流 (Wānliú)
* 灣潭 / 湾潭 (Wāntán)
* 灣澴 / 湾澴
* 灣灣 / 湾湾 (Wānwān)
* 灣轉 / 湾转
* 玫瑰灣 / 玫瑰湾 (Méiguīwān)
* 琚灣 / 琚湾 (Jūwān)
* 田灣 / 田湾 (Tiánwān)
* 白沙灣 / 白沙湾
* 百家灣 / 百家湾
* 盧灣 / 卢湾 (Lúwān)
* 瞿家灣 / 瞿家湾 (Qújiāwān)
* 程灣 / 程湾 (Chéngwān)
* 窯灣 / 窑湾 (Yáowān)
* 筲箕灣 / 筲箕湾 (Shāojīwān, “Shau Kei Wan”)
* 老灣 / 老湾 (Lǎowān)
* 肖灣 / 肖湾
* 肥沃月灣 / 肥沃月湾
* 膠州灣 / 胶州湾 (Jiāozhōuwān)
* 臺灣 / 台灣 / 台湾 (Táiwān)
* 芬蘭灣 / 芬兰湾 (Fēnlánwān)
* 芝麻灣 / 芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān)
* 西李灣 / 西李湾 (Xīlǐwān)
* 覃灣 / 覃湾 (Tánwān)
* 譚家灣 / 谭家湾 (Tánjiāwān)
* 谷灣 / 谷湾
* 趙灣 / 赵湾 (Zhàowān)
* 轉灣抹角 / 转湾抹角
* 過渡灣 / 过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
* 遼東灣 / 辽东湾 (Liáodōngwān)
* 都鎮灣 / 都镇湾 (Dūzhènwān)
* 鄒灣 / 邹湾 (Zōuwān)
* 鄭灣 / 郑湾 (Zhèngwān)
* 金蘭灣 / 金兰湾
* 金角灣 / 金角湾 (Jīnjiǎowān)
* 鞏家灣 / 巩家湾 (Gǒngjiāwān)
* 韓家灣 / 韩家湾 (Hánjiāwān)
* 韓灣 / 韩湾 (Hánwān)
* 馬灣 / 马湾 (Mǎwān)
* 鹽池灣 / 盐池湾 (Yánchíwān)
* 黃灣 / 黄湾 (Huángwān)
* 墨西哥灣 / 墨西哥湾 (Mòxīgē Wān)
* 黨城灣 / 党城湾 (Dǎngchéngwān)
* 龍灣 / 龙湾 (Lóngwān)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 湾 |
| Kyūjitai | 灣 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 湾)
* Kyūjitai form of 湾

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): わん (wan)
* Kun: いりこむ (irikomu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 蠻 (MC maen). The original reading is 완 (wan) based on Middle Chinese 灣 (MC 'waen).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅪᆫ (Yale: qwàn) | ᅙᅪᆫ (Yale: qwàn) |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 刪 | 완 (wan) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [만]

### Hanja

Wikisource 灣 (eumhun 물굽이 만 (mulgubi man))
* hanja form of 만 (“(geography) bay; gulf”) [noun]

#### Compounds

* 대만 (臺灣, Daeman)
* 만류 (灣流, mallyu)
* 진주만 (眞珠灣, Jinjuman, “Pearl Harbor”)
* 항만 (港灣, hangman)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

灣: Hán Nôm readings: loan, loáng, loãng, vịnh
* bay, gulf