# du
## Abinomn
### Noun

du
* name

## Äiwoo
### Determiner

du
* all

### References

* Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

## Albanian
### Verb

du
* Dialectal form of dua

## Alemannic German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/

### Pronoun

du
* thou, you

#### Declension
## Amanab
### Noun

du
* a kind of bird

## Ashkun
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *dū, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu/

### Numeral

du (Sanu)
* two

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “d′u”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Bambara
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dúù]

### Noun

du
* household

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/ [d̪u]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -u
* Hyphenation: du

### Verb

du
* Third-person singular (hark), taking third-person singular (hura) as direct object, present indicative form of izan.

#### Usage notes

Linguistically, this verb form can be seen as belonging to the reconstructed citation form edun instead of izan.

## Bavarian
### Etymology

Cognate with German du.

### Pronoun

du
* you (nominative, singular)

### See also

| | | nominative | nominative | accusative | accusative | dative | dative |
| | | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed |
| 1st person singular | 1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma |
| 2nd person singular (informal) | 2nd person singular (informal) | du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da |
| 2nd person singular (formal) | 2nd person singular (formal) | Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — |
| 3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
| 3rd person singular | n | es, des | 's | des | 's | eahm | 'n |
| 3rd person singular | f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — |
| 1st person plural | 1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — |
| 2nd person plural | 2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — |
| 3rd person plural | 3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |

## Breton
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdyː/

### Adjective

du
* black
* swollen
* starved

#### Derived terms

* dua

### Noun

du m
* black

#### Mutation
### Verb

du
* third-person singular present indicative of duañ

#### Mutation
### See also

Colors in Breton · livioù (layout · text) :
| gwenn | louet | du |
| ruz | orañjez, melen-ruz; gell | melen |
| | gwer, glas | |
| cyan | | glas |
| | magenta; glasruz | roz |

## Burushaski
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d̪u]

### Noun

du (plural duwants)
* yew

### See also

* halkaas mamushi
* meenis

### References

Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎.

## Catalan
### Verb

du
* inflection of dur:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Middle High German du, from Old High German dū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū. Cognate with German du, archaic English thou (modern dialectal tha).

### Pronoun

du
* (Luserna, Sette Comuni) you (thou, singular familiar)
    Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist. ― Wherever you go, remember who you are.

#### Inflection

Sette Comuni:
Luserna:

### References

* “du” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Cornish
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [dyː]
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: [dɪˑʊ]

### Adjective

du
* black
    du:
* dark

#### Derived terms

* arth du Amerika
* arth du Asi
* bord du
* Du
* duhe
* dulas
* durudh
* glasdu
* gwaneth du
* hwil du
* korynt du
* lenn dhu
* men du
* molgh dhu
* mor du
* penn du
* pur dhu
* rol dhu
* sten du
* ys du

### See also

Colors in Cornish · liwyow (layout · text) :
| gwynn | loos, glas | du |
| rudh; kogh | rudhvelyn, melynrudh; gell, gorm | melyn; losvelyn |
| | gwyrdh, gwer, glas | |
| glaswyrdh, glaswer; gwerlas | glaswyn, blou | glas |
| glasrudh, purpur; indigo | majenta; purpur, glasrudh | gwynnrudh, kigliw |

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Danish thu, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”). Cognate with English thou, Latin tū, Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm), Russian ты (ty).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd̥u], [d̥u]

#### Pronoun

du (objective dig)
* thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)

##### See also

| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | common | neuter | plural |
| Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
| Singular | Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine |
| Singular | Second | formal (uncommon) | De | Dem | Deres | Deres | Deres |
| Singular | Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | hans | hans |
| Singular | Third | feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | hendes | hendes |
| Singular | Third | common (noun) | den | den | dens | dens | dens |
| Singular | Third | neuter (noun) | det | det | dets | dets | dets |
| Singular | Third | indefinite | man | en | ens | ens | ens |
| Singular | Third | reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine |
| Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | vores | vores |
| Plural | First | archaic / formal | vi | os | vor | vort | vore |
| Plural | Second | – | I | jer | jeres | jeres | jeres |
| Plural | Third | – | de | dem | deres | deres | deres |
| Plural | Third | reflexive | – | sig | deres | deres | deres |

### Etymology 2

From Old Danish dughæ, from Old Norse duga, from Proto-Germanic *duganą (“to be useful”), cognate with Swedish duga, German taugen, Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (dugan).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd̥uːˀ]

#### Verb

du (imperative du, present dur or duer, past duede, past participle duet)
* be good
* be fit

##### Conjugation
## Dena'ina
### Particle

du
* interrogative particle (placed at the end of the sentence to make a question)

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* dou (obsolete, Holland)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch du, from Old Dutch thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dy/
* Hyphenation: du
* Rhymes: -y

### Pronoun

du
* (obsolete or dialectal) Second-person singular informal pronoun; thou
** 1620, Jacob Cats, Velt-teycken, alle eerbare jonge lieden toegeeygent:Sy roept, du bist een slaef, in mijne dienst gebondenShe calls, thou art a slave, bound to my service
** 1625, Joost van den Vondel, Wiech-liedt:Soo leyt dyn memmetje dy in dyn wiechje te rust.So thy mama lays thee to rest in thy cradle.

#### Usage notes

* Du was already falling out of general use in early modern Dutch. It was still relatively common in the oblique cases, in vocatives or close to vocative appositions and when indicating contempt.
* The corresponding verbal ending was -st. The present form of zijn was bist, for hebben the present forms hebst and hest were in use. When the nominative directly followed the verb, contraction usually occurred: -stu; bistu, hebstu.

#### Declension

* Nominative: du, dou, douw
* Oblique: dij, dy
* Possessive: dijn, dyn

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Swedish du.

### Pronoun

du
* you (singular), thou

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin duo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

du
* two (2)

#### Derived terms

* duo
* dupunkto (“colon”)

## Fala
### Alternative forms

* do (Mañegu)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese do, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ u (masculine singular definite article).

### Contraction

du m sg (plural dus, feminine da, feminine plural das)
* (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) of the

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French del. The expected modern form would be *deau, but it underwent stronger contraction. Akin to Galician do, Portuguese do, Sicilian dû, Italian and Spanish del.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dy/
* Audio:(file)
* (Quebec) IPA: [d͡zy], [d͡zʏ]
* Homophones: dû, due, dues, dus, dût

### Contraction

du
* Contraction of de + le (“of the”)
    « Eussent » est la troisième personne du pluriel de l’imparfait du subjonctif de « avoir »."Eussent" is the third-person plural imperfect subjunctive [form] of "avoir."
** 1802, Charles Brillat, Pierre Bazaine, Métrologie française, page 249:Le bouge donne 9 [neuf] litres plus que le point qui correspond à celui du diamètre des fonds indiqué par la jauge […]The bulge gives 9 [nine] liters more than the point which corresponds to that of the diameter of the base indicated by the gauge […]

#### Usage notes

* Only used before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with consonants; before vowel-initial words, the form de l’ is used, e.g., as seen above, de l'imparfait.

#### Related terms

* duquel

### Article

du m sg (feminine singular de la, plural des)
* Forms the partitive article.
    Il mange du pain. ― He eats bread. / He eats some bread.

#### Usage notes

* The partitive article is used with uncountable nouns instead of the indefinite article (which is only used with countable nouns). English and most other European languages do not use any article in such cases.
* Like the indefinite article, the partitive article becomes simple de with grammatical objects in negated sentences: Il ne mange pas de pain. (“He doesn't eat bread.”)
* After the actual preposition de (“of, from”), the partitive article is deleted. So one can never say *de du or *de de la.

### Further reading

* “du”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Gaikundi
### Noun

du
* man

### Further reading

* Gaikundi-Ontena Organised Phonology Data (2011)

## German
### Alternative forms

* Du

### Etymology

From Middle High German du, duo, dū, from Old High German dū (akin to Old Saxon thū and English thou), itself from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: /duː/
   * Audio:(file)
   * Audio:(file)
   * Rhymes: -uː
* (unstressed, standard) IPA: /du/
* (unstressed, colloquial) IPA: /də/
* After the second person singular verb ending -st, the /d/ is generally lost when the pronoun is unstressed. Thus hast du is pronounced [ˈhast‿u] even in purposefully enunciated speech.
* In colloquial speech, chiefly of northern and central Germany, the /d/ can be lost after any preceding coronal. Thus wenn du may be pronounced [ˈvɛn‿u] or [ˈvɛn‿ə].

### Pronoun

du
* you (singular familiar), thou

#### Usage notes

* Du is the informal second person pronoun. In formal speech, the third person plural Sie (always capitalised) is used instead.
* A general rule of thumb is that du is used to address one's friends, relatives, and those under about 16 years of age. Du is always used to address children and non-human beings.
* Usage also depends on the setting: two unacquainted, middle-aged persons are likely to use du when they meet at social gatherings, but much less so when they happen on each other in the street. People under 30 often use du among each other, but they still use Sie when one of them is at work, e.g. in a shop (some cafés and most pubs are an exception).
* There is also a great deal of (often subtle) regional variation throughout the German-speaking world.

#### Declension

$^1$These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.   $^2$enclitic, colloquial   $^3$archaic

#### Derived terms

* duzen
* Du n

### Further reading

* “du” in Duden online
* “du” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Gothic
### Romanization

du
* Romanization of 𐌳𐌿

## Gun
### Alternative forms

* ɖù (Benin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *ɖu. Cognates include Fon ɖù, Saxwe Gbe ɖù, Adja ɖù, Ewe ɖu

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɖù/

### Verb

dù (Nigeria)
* to eat
* to bite
    Àgọ̀sú hò àvún dàhó dé bọ̀ àvún wá dù ví étọ̀n ― Agosu bought a certain big dog and the dog eventually bit his child
* to win

#### Derived terms

* dù gbẹ́ (“to enjoy life”)
* dù gán (“to become a chief”)
* dù hwè (“to celebrate”)
* dù kwẹ́ (“to spend money”)
* dù nùgò (“to boast”)
* dù nú (“to eat something”)
* dù wìyán (“to be ashamed”)
* dù yà (“to suffer”)
* dù àdì (“to be angry”)
* dù àxọ́ (“to go bankrupt/have debt”)
* núdùdù (“food”)
* vòdùtọ́ (“candidate”)

## Hunsrik
### Alternative forms

* tuu (Wiesemann spelling)

### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German dū (akin to Old Saxon thū and English thou), itself from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuː/, /tə/

### Pronoun

du
* thou, you
    Du bist aarich scheen.You are so beautiful.

#### Inflection

| | nominative | nominative | accusative | accusative | dative | dative |
| | Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. |
| 1st person singular | ich eich | -ich | mich meich | mich meich | meer | mer m'r |
| 2nd person singular (informal) | du dau/Dau | -du, -de -Dau, -De | dich deich/Deich | dich deich/Deich | deer | der d'r/D'r |
| 3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
| 3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer ehr | re |
| 3rd person singular (n.) | es; das et, 't | 's | es et | -et, -'t | ihm | em |
| 1st person plural | meer | mer | uns uhs | uns uhs | uns uhs | uns uhs |
| 2nd person plural | deer Ehr, Dehr | der | eich Auch | eich Auch | eich Auch | eich Auch |
| 3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne | denne |

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Ido
### Etymology

From Esperanto du, from French deux, Spanish dos, Italian due, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Numeral

du
* two (2)

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English do.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/

### Verb

du
* to do
    Shi aks im fi du sitn fi ar.She asked him to do something for her.
    Singin muotaim du ina gruup a ada myuuzishanSinging is often done in a group of other musicians
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Filipiyan 4:13:Mi kyan du eniting, kaaz Krais Jiizas gi mi di powa fi du it.I can do all things through Christ, because he gives me strength [to do it].

### Further reading

* du at majstro.com

## Japanese
### Romanization

du
* The katakana syllable ドゥ (du) in Hepburn-like romanization.

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit द्व (dva), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Hindi दो (do), Bhojpuri दू (dū), Konkani दोन (don).

### Numeral

du
* two (2)

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *d(u)u̯ō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Latvian divi. Cognate to Latin duo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d̪ʊ]

### Numeral

dù m (feminine dvì)
* two (2)

#### Declension
## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьdǫ (first-person singular) and *jьdǫtь (third-person plural), inflected forms of *jьti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/

### Verb

du
* inflection of hyś:
** first-person singular present
** third-person plural present

#### Synonyms

* (first-person singular): źom

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þū.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/, [du(ː)]

### Pronoun

du
* second-person singular, informal, nominative: you, thou
    Wéi al bass du? ― How old are you?

#### Declension

| | | nominative | nominative | accusative | accusative | dative | dative | reflexive | reflexive |
| | | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | reflexive | reflexive |
| 1st person singular | 1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. |
| 2nd person singular (informal) | 2nd person singular (informal) | du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. |
| 2nd person singular (formal) | 2nd person singular (formal) | Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech |
| 3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech |
| 3rd person singular | f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech |
| 3rd person singular | n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech |
| 1st person plural | 1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) |
| 2nd person plural | 2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech |
| 3rd person plural | 3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |

## Mandarin
### Romanization

du
* Nonstandard spelling of dū.
* Nonstandard spelling of dú.
* Nonstandard spelling of dǔ.
* Nonstandard spelling of dù.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dyː/, /dy/
* (Limburg) IPA: /duː/, /du/

### Pronoun

du
* thou, you (singular, informal)
    Synonym: gi

#### Usage notes

This pronoun began to be replaced by gi in formal address during the Middle Dutch period, and eventually fell out of use altogether.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw
* Limburgish: doe

### Further reading

* “du”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “du”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Adjective

du
* Alternative form of dewe (“due”)

## Middle High German
### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German dū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, whence also Old English þū, Old Norse þú, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

### Pronoun

du or dû
* (personal) you (thou, singular familiar)

#### Inflection

Middle High German personal pronouns :
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
| Singular | First | | ich | mīn | mir | mich |
| Singular | Second | | du, dū | dīn | dir | dich |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | ër CG hë(r) | sīn | im(e) | in |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | siu | ir(e) | ir(e) | sie |
| Singular | Third | Neuter | ëȥ CG iȥ, it | es | im(e) | ëȥ CG iȥ, it |
| Plural | First | | wir | unser | uns | uns, unsich |
| Plural | Second | | ir | iuwer | iu, iuch | iuch |
| Plural | Third | Masculine | sie | ir(e) | in | sie |
| Plural | Third | Feminine | sie | ir(e) | in | sie |
| Plural | Third | Neuter | siu | ir(e) | in | siu |
| The distinction of the forms siu and sie as shown above is typical of earlier Upper German texts, but was never general. The forms sī and si existed additionally and all four were increasingly used without differentiation. |||||||

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: du
    Swabian: dau, d
* Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: du
    Mòcheno: du
* Central Franconian: du, dou
    Hunsrik: du
    Kölsch: do
* German: du
* Luxembourgish: du
* Rhine Franconian:
    Palatine German: du
    Pennsylvania German: du
* Yiddish: דו (du)

## Middle Low German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duː/

### Pronoun

dû
* thou, you (second person singular nominative)

#### Descendants

* du

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German du, from Old High German dū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū. Cognate with German du, archaic English thou (modern dialectal tha).

### Pronoun

du
* you (thou, singular familiar)

#### Inflection
### References

* “du” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Mokilese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu/

### Verb

du
* (intransitive) to sink

#### Derived terms

* kadu

## Norman
### Etymology

From Latin dux, ducem.

### Noun

du m
* duke

#### Related terms

* duchie

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* düünj (Mooring)
* dö (Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian dwā, from Proto-Germanic *dōną. Cognates include West Frisian dwaan, English do.

### Verb

du
* (Föhr-Amrum) to do
* (Föhr-Amrum) to give

#### Conjugation
## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dwáH (compare Persian دو (do), Pashto دوه (dwa), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 (duua)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH (compare Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Marathi दोन (don), Hindi दो (do)/Urdu دو (do), Punjabi ਦੋ (do)), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (compare Russian два (dva), Lithuanian du, Greek δύο (dýo), Spanish dos, English two).

### Numeral

| Central Kurdish | دوو (dû) |
du
* two (2)

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈtuː/

### Pronoun

dū
* accusative/genitive of don

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse þú (“you”), from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʉː/, [dÿː]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

du (objective case deg)
* thou, you (second person, singular)

#### Derived terms

* due (“to say 'you' to someone”)

### Verb

du
* imperative of due

#### References

* “du” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### See also

| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | feminine | masculine | neuter | plural |
| Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
| Singular | Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine |
| Singular | Second | formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | Deres | Deres | Deres |
| Singular | Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | hennes | hennes | hennes |
| Singular | Third | masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | hans | hans | hans |
| Singular | Third | feminine (noun) | den | den | dens | dens | dens | dens |
| Singular | Third | masculine (noun) | den | den | dens | dens | dens | dens |
| Singular | Third | neuter (noun) | det | det | dets | dets | dets | dets |
| Singular | Third | reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
| Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vår | vårt | våre |
| Plural | Second | general | dere | dere | deres | deres | deres | deres |
| Plural | Second | formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | Deres | Deres | Deres |
| Plural | Third | general | de | dem | deres | deres | deres | deres |
| Plural | Third | reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Akin to English thou.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʉː/

### Pronoun

du (objective case deg)
* you, thou (second person, singular)

#### References

* “du” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### See also
## Nupe
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dū/

#### Verb

du
* to boil
    Musa dàdà á nakàn du ― Musa quickly boiled the meat
* to brew

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dù/

#### Verb

dù
* (of rain) to fall
    Ele è dù à ― It's not raining (literally, “Rain is not falling”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dū/

#### Verb

du
* to shake

## Obokuitai
### Noun

du
* bird

### Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* del

### Contraction

du
* contraction of de + le (of the)

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* thū, ᛞᚢ (du)

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, whence also Old English þū, Old Norse þú, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Perhaps the earliest attestation of the pronoun is the inscription on the Bülach fibula, which may show ᛞᚢ (du) already differentiated from other Germanic languages’ þu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duː/

### Pronoun

dū
* thou, you (second-person singular pronoun)
** 6th-7th century, inscription on the Bülach fibula:
    ᚠᚱᛁᚠᚱᛁᛞᛁᛚ / ᛞᚢ / ... frifridil / du / […]frifridil / du / ... frifridil / du / […][my] beloved, you / […]

#### Usage notes

Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in New High German (Modern German) Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in Late Old High German.

#### Inflection

Old High German personal pronouns :
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
| Singular | First | | ih (ihha, ihcha) | mīn | mir | mih |
| Singular | Second | | dū | dīn | dir | dih |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | er (her) | (sīn) | imu, imo | inan, in |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | siu; sī, si | ira (iru, iro) | iru, iro | sia |
| Singular | Third | Neuter | iz | es, is | imu, imo | iz |
| Plural | First | | wir | unsēr | uns | unsih |
| Plural | Second | | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih |
| Plural | Third | Masculine | sie | iro | im, in | sie |
| Plural | Third | Feminine | sio | iro | im, in | sio |
| Plural | Third | Neuter | siu | iro | im, in | siu |
| Polite form | Second | | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih |

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: du
** Alemannic German: du
    Swabian: dau, d
** Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: du
    Mòcheno: du
** Central Franconian: du, dou
    Hunsrik: du
    Kölsch: do
** German: du
** Luxembourgish: du
** Rhine Franconian:
    Palatine German: du
    Pennsylvania German: du
** Yiddish: דו (du)

### References

* Heinz Klingenberg, Runenfibel von Bülach, Kanton Zürich. Liebesinschrift aus alemannischer Frühzeit, in the Alemannisches Jahrbuch (1973/75), page 308
* Heinz Klingenberg, Die Runeninschrift aus Bülach, in Helvetia archaeologica, volume 7 (1976), pages 116–121
* Stephan Opitz, Südgermanische Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark aus der Merowingerzeit (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1977)

## Old Irish
### Preposition

du
* Alternative form of do

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German du, English thou, Swedish du.

### Pronoun

du
* you, thou

#### Declension

$^1$unstressed

## Pite Sami
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tu/

### Pronoun

du
* those

#### References

* Joshua Wilbur (2014) A grammar of Pite Saami, Berlin: Language Science Press

## Plautdietsch
### Pronoun

du (oblique die)
* you (singular)

## Romagnol
### Etymology

From Latin dŭo (“two”).

### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈduː]
      * (Ville Unite):

### Numeral

du (feminine dó)
* two

### References

* Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 189, 194

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [du]

### Verb

du
* second-person singular imperative of duce
    Du-te acasă.Go home.

## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du/
* Hyphenation: du
* Rhymes: -u

### Pronoun

du (oblique die)
* thou, you

#### Usage notes

* du is at times omitted when used with a verb.

#### See also
### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “du”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

## Scots
### Pronoun

du (objective case dee, vocative dee, possessive determiner dines)
* Northern Isles form of thou (“thou”)

### Further reading

“du”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology 1

From English do.

#### Verb

du
* to do

#### Noun

du
* deed, action

### Etymology 2

Probably from Ewe ɖú (“dance”), Fon ɖùwè (“dance”).

#### Noun

du
* (historical) a festival of song and dance organised and performed by and for enslaved people

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: doe

### References

* ↑ Norval Smith (2009) “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 465.

## Sumerian
### Romanization

du
* Romanization of 𒁺 (du)

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* dhu, thu, tu, tv (obsolete)
* do (Kalix)
* do (Luleå)
* dö (Piteå)

### Etymology

From Old Swedish þū, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʉː/, [d̪ʉː], (unstressed) /dɵ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉː

### Pronoun

du
* you (subjective case, singular)
    Nisse, du är en liten grodaNisse, you are a small frog
** 1981, X Models (lyrics and music), “Två av oss [Two of us]”‎:Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det är du. Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi.There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that is you [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är <pronoun>" idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form]
** thou (if fitting for the context)
*** 1649, Jacobus Petri Chronander, Bele-Snack, Eller Een Ny Comœdia, act I, scene IV, page 40:TV Konstrijke Mästare, godt rådh giff, Skall man nu skona thenna skelmens lijff?THOU artful Master, good counsel give, Should one now spare this scoundrel's life?
* Used as a vocative to get someone's attention; hey
    Du Nisse, har du matat katten?Hey Nisse, have you fed the cat?
    Du, skulle du kunna räcka mig skeden?Hey, could you hand me the spoon?
    Jo du, jag kom precis på en till grej vi måste göraOh, by the way [roughly – literally, "yeah you," or "listen you" or the like – see jo], I just remembered another thing we need to do
** 1984, “Vargsången [The wolf song]”, Astrid Lindgren (lyrics), Björn Isfält (music)‎performed by Lena Nyman:Vargen ylar i nattens skog. Han vill men kan inte sova. Hungern river hans vargabuk, och det är kallt i hans stova. Du varg, du varg, kom inte hit. Ungen min får du aldrig.The wolf howls in the forest of the night. He wants to sleep but cannot. ["He wants to but cannot sleep" – "He wants to X" is "Han vill X"] [The] hunger tears his wolf's belly, and it is cold in his stove [archaic, dialectal, in the dated English sense]. Hey wolf, hey wolf, do not come here [hither, to here]. My child you will never have.

#### Usage notes

While du is the traditionally familiar mode of address, it is since the early '70s the standard in almost all circumstances, possibly capitalized in formal communications. This was the result of the so-called du-reformen.
Recently, use of the second-person plural pronoun ni as a less familiar (and thus more formal) pronoun has appeared to some extent, but mainly amongst shopkeepers towards customers.
The same pronoun ni has also been used historically as a formal way of address, but its use has (in particular in Sweden, not so much in Swedish-speaking parts of Finland) been restricted to addressing people of lower social status, whereby a plethora of different constructions were employed as to avoid the issue of pronouns whatsoever. See also the article about T-V distinction in Wikipedia.

#### Declension

| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | common | neuter | plural |
| singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej$^3$ | min | mitt | mina |
| singular | second | — | du | dig, dej$^3$ | din | ditt | dina |
| singular | third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han$^2$, en$^5$ | hans | hans | hans |
| singular | third | feminine (person) | hon | henne, na$^5$ | hennes | hennes | hennes |
| singular | third | gender-neutral (person)$^1$ | hen | hen, henom$^7$ | hens | hens | hens |
| singular | third | common (noun) | den | den | dess | dess | dess |
| singular | third | neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | dess | dess |
| singular | third | indefinite | man or en$^4$ | en | ens | ens | ens |
| singular | third | reflexive | — | sig, sej$^3$ | sin | sitt | sina |
| plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran$^2$ | vårt, vårat$^2$ | våra |
| plural | second | — | ni | er | er, eran$^2$, ers$^6$ | ert, erat$^2$ | era |
| plural | second | archaic | I | eder | eder, eders$^6$ | edert | edra |
| plural | third | — | de, dom$^3$ | dem, dom$^3$ | deras | deras | deras |
| plural | third | reflexive | — | sig, sej$^3$ | sin | sitt | sina |

#### Derived terms

* dua
* duskål

### References

* du in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* du in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* du in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* UD

## Tlingit
### Pronoun

du
* his/her

#### See also

* hú

## Tregami
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *dū, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu/

### Numeral

du (Gambir)
* two

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “d′u”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Venetan
### Etymology

Compare Italian due

### Numeral

du m
* two

#### Synonyms

* dó

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Both characters below depict a single etymology. 遊 (MC yuw) also has a less common reading do, now seen only in do thám.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zu˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jʊw˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jʊw˧˧]

### Romanization

du
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 遊
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 游

#### Derived terms

* chu du
* du canh
* du côn
* du cư
* du di
* du đãng
* du hành
* du khách
* du khảo
* du kích
* du lịch
* du mục
* hạ du
* mộng du
* ngao du
* thượng du
* trung du
* viễn du

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /dɨː/
* (South Wales) IPA: /diː/
* Homophone: dŷ; (South Wales) di
* Rhymes: -ɨː

### Adjective

du (feminine singular du, plural duon, equative dued, comparative duach, superlative duaf)
* black
    Mae ganddo fo fwstash du.He has a black mustache

#### Derived terms

* du a gwyn (“black and white; piebald”)
* twll du (“black hole”)
* tyngu'r du yn wyn (“to swear black is white”)

#### Related terms

* düwch

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

Colors in Welsh · lliwiau (layout · text) :
| gwyn | llwyd | du |
| coch; rhudd | oren, melyngoch; brown | melyn; melynwyn |
| melynwyrdd | gwyrdd | |
| gwyrddlas; glaswyrdd | asur, gwynlas | glas |
| fioled, rhuddlas; indigo | majenta; porffor | pinc, rhuddwyn |

## White Hmong
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du˧/

### Adjective

du
* smooth

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dù/

#### Verb

dù
* to scramble for, to compete
    wọ́n du oúnjẹ ― They scrambled for food

##### Usage notes

* du before a direct object

##### Derived terms

* ìdu
* ìjàdù (“scramble; struggle”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dū/

#### Verb

du
* (Lagos, intransitive) to run, to sprint
    Synonym: sá

##### Derived terms

* ìdu

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dú/

#### Verb

dú
* (intransitive, of a person or animal) to bleed
    Synonyms: dújẹ̀, ṣẹ̀jẹ̀

##### Derived terms

* ìdú (“the act of bleeding”)

### Etymology 4

Cognate with Igala dú

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dú/

#### Verb

dú
* to be black, to be dark
    Antonym: fun
    ó dú láwọ̀ ― Her skin is dark

##### Derived terms

* Adú (“A Yoruba nickname for someone who is dark in complextion”)
* adú (“something that is black”)
* dú láwọ̀ (“to have a black skin color”)
* dúdú (“black”)
* igbódú (“dark or dense forest”)
* Ilẹ̀ Adúláwọ̀ (“Africa”)
* ilẹ̀dú (“dark, nutrient rich soil”)
* èédú (“coal, charcoal”)
* òdú (“the plant American black nightshade”)