# panggang
## Acehnese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang
* to roast on a spit

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paŋgaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Balinese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”)

### Verb

panggang (Balinese script ᬧᬗ᭄ᬕᬂ)
* to roast
* to toast

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paŋgaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pang‧gang
* IPA: /paŋˈɡaŋ/ [paŋˈɡaŋ]

### Verb

panggáng
* to dry-fry in a kawali producing a result similar to toasting, rather than frying.

## Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Noun

panggang
* food cooked in bamboo

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang
* to roast
    Synonym: tunu
* to bake
* to cure by smoking

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paŋgaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay panggang, from Proto-Malayic *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“to roast over a fire; to toast”). Related to ganggang (“to broil, grill”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈpaŋɡaŋ/ [ˈpaŋ.ɡaŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋɡaŋ
* Syllabification: pang‧gang

### Verb

panggang (active memanggang, passive dipanggang)
* to roast, bake
* to toast

### Adjective

panggang
* roast, roasted, baked
* toasted

#### Derived terms

* panggangan
* pemanggang
* pemanggangan
* terpanggang

### Further reading

* “panggang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang (Javanese script ꦥꦁꦒꦁ)
* to roast
* to toast

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paŋgaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Karo Batak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang (Batak spelling ᯇᯰᯎᯰ)
* to roast

### Adjective

panggang
* roasted

## Makasar
### Etymology

From Proto-South Sulawesi *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Noun

panggang (Lontara spelling ᨄᨁ)
* roasting (of chicken)

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang (Jawi spelling ڤڠݢڠ)
* to grill

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pemanggang [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* panggangan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* pemanggangan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* panggangkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* memanggang [agent focus] (meN-)
* memanggangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* dipanggang [patient focus] (di-)
* dipanggangkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* terpanggang [agentless action] (teR-)

### Adjective

panggang
* grilled
    ayam panggang ― grilled chicken
    ikan panggang ― grilled fish
    pulut panggang ― grilled sticky rice

#### Synonyms

* bakar (Kelantan)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: panggang
* ?⇒ Thai: พะแนง (pá-nɛɛng)

### Further reading

* “panggang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Ngaju
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Noun

panggang
* anything roasted on a gridiron

### Verb

panggang
* to roast on a gridiron

## Sasak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Verb

panggang
* to roast

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paŋgaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paŋˈɡaŋ/ [pɐŋˈɡaŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Syllabification: pang‧gang

### Adjective

panggáng (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜅ᜔)
* broiled, toasted (to crispiness)

#### See also

* dangdang

### Further reading

* “panggang”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018