# 代名詞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàimíngcí
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doi$^6$ ming$^4$ ci$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-bêng-sû / tāi-bêng-sîr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàimíngcí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàimíngcíh
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^4$-ming$^2$-tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: dài-míng-tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymingtsyr
*** Palladius: дайминцы (dajmincy)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doi$^6$ ming$^4$ ci$^4$
*** Yale: doih mìhng chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doi$^6$ ming$^4$ tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: doi$^6$ ming$^4$ qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːi̯²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-bêng-sû
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-bîng-sû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixbengsuu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-bêng-sîr
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-bîng-sîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ²⁴/

### Noun

代名詞
* (grammar) pronoun
    From: 1954, Lü Shuxiang, 《关于汉语词类的一些原则性问题》 [Some Fundamental Issues Concerning the Parts of Speech in Chinese], in 《中国语文》, →ISSN
    Bǐrú, bǎ dàimíngcí cóng míngcí lǐ fēn chūlái, ànzhào yījùbiànpǐn de lǐlùn shì méiyǒu gēnjù de, yīnwèi míngcí hé dàimíngcí dōu shì kěyǐ zuò zhǔyǔ hé bīnyǔ de cí. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (semantics) synonym
    From: 2019 March 26, 郑子宁 (Zhen Zining), 《台湾腔为什么这么“娘”》, in 《国防时报》, page 21
    Zài bùshào dàlùrén yǎnzhōng, táiwānrén de shuōhuà fāngshì yīzhí shì “niáng” de dàimíngcí. [Pinyin]
    In the eyes of many Chinese mainlanders, the way Taiwanese people speak is always synonymous to "effiminate."

#### Synonyms

* (pronoun): 代詞／代词 (dàicí)
* (synonym):
* 同義詞 / 同义词 (tóngyìcí)
* 相似詞 / 相似词 (xiāngsìcí)
* 近義詞 / 近义词 (jìnyìcí) (near-synonym)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “synonym”):
* 反義詞 / 反义词 (fǎnyìcí)

#### Derived terms

* 不定代名詞 / 不定代名词 (bùdìng dàimíngcí)
* 主語代名詞 / 主语代名词
* 人稱代名詞 / 人称代名词 (rénchēng dàimíngcí)
* 關係代名詞 / 关系代名词 (guānxì dàimíngcí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 代(だい)名(めい)詞(し) (daimeishi)
* → Korean: 대명사(代名詞) (daemyeongsa)
* → Vietnamese: đại danh từ (代名詞)

## Japanese
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 代 | 名 | 詞 |
| だい Grade: 3 | めい Grade: 1 | し Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |||
From 代 (dai, “replacement”) +‎ 名詞 (meishi, “noun”), as it stands in for a noun.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) だいめーし [dàíméꜜèshì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [da̠ime̞ːɕi]

### Noun

代(だい)名(めい)詞(し) • (daimeishi)
* (grammar) pronoun
* (figurative) synonym

#### Derived terms

* 人代名詞 (jindaimeishi): personal pronoun
* 関係代名詞 (kankei daimeishi): relative pronoun
* 疑問代名詞 (gimon daimeishi): interrogative pronoun
* 再帰代名詞 (saiki daimeishi): reflexive pronoun
* 指示代名詞 (shiji daimeishi): demonstrative pronoun
* 対称代名詞 (taishō daimeishi): second-person pronoun
* 反射代名詞 (honsha daimeishi): reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
* 反照代名詞 (honshō daimeishi): reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
* 人称代名詞 (ninshō daimeishi): personal pronoun
* 一人称代名詞 (ichininshō daimeishi): first person pronoun
* 二人称代名詞 (nininshō daimeishi): second person pronoun
* 三人称代名詞 (sanninshō daimeishi): third person pronoun

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 代 | 名 | 詞 |

### Noun

代名詞 • (daemyeongsa) (hangeul 대명사)
* hanja form of 대명사 (“pronoun”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 代 | 名 | 詞 |

### Noun

代名詞
* chữ Hán form of đại danh từ (“pronoun”).