# 四維
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sìwéi
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^3$ wai$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-vì
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sù-ûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ rui$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìwéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhwéi
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-wei$^2$
*** Yale: sz̀-wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhwei
*** Palladius: сывэй (syvɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$四圍 / 四围 四維 / 四维
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ wai$^4$
*** Yale: sei wàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ wai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ wei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ wɐi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-vì
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi vi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ vi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ vi¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-ûi
*** Tâi-lô: sù-uî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suo'uii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ ui²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ rui$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì jûi
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zui⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sijH ywij
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 維 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 以追切 |
| Baxter | sijH | ywij |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /jiuɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /jʷi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /juɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /jwi/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /ui/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /jwi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /wi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | wai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s ɢʷij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljids ɢʷi/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 四 | 維 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì | wéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › | ‹ ywij › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.li[j]-s/ | /*ɢʷij/ (? < *ɢʷuj) |
| English | four | rope for tying |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 四 | 維 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12022 | 12852 |
| Phonetic component | 四 | 唯 |
| Rime group | 至 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 | 惟 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljids/ | /*ɢʷi/ |

### Noun

四維
* the four social bonds (propriety, justice, integrity, and honour)
    From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
    Sìwéi bùzhāng, guónǎi mièwáng. [Pinyin]
    When the Four Social Bonds are not implemented, a country is doomed to destruction.
* (literary) the southeastern, southwestern, northeastern and northwestern corners
* (literary, by extension) the four directions; all directions

#### See also

* 禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)

### Adjective

四維
* (attributive) four-dimensional

#### Derived terms

* 四維彩超 / 四维彩超

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 維 |
| し Grade: 1 | い Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Noun

四(し)維(い) • (shī)
* the four ordinal directions
    Coordinate terms: 乾, 坤, 艮, 巽
* the four principles for the state
    Coordinate terms: 礼, 義, 廉, 恥