# aşağı
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From aşağa, the dative form of *aşaq, as in Karakhanid اَشَقْ (aşaq, “bottom of a mountain”), ultimately from the same etymon as aşmaq: Proto-Turkic *āš- (“to cross (a mountain), to surpass”) + -aq.
Possibly formed as an adjective from aşağa (“downwards”) with the sense "lower, the lower one; low" analogically to yuxarı (“upwards; upper; high”) and later reinterpreted as directional adverb itself. The original form aşağa is now considered colloquial or dialectal and proscribed from usage in writing; as such, it is not found in the standard Azerbaijani dictionaries, such as Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti or in Azerbaijani-Russian dictionaries. This is probably due to the fact that the noun *aşaq did not make it into Azerbaijani, so aşağa is not perceived as a dative case of any noun, but rather as a corruption of aşağıya. The latter must be a new dative case form that has been formed with aşağı as the base. Compare also the note on Ottoman Turkish اشغی (aşağı) as a form of Ottoman Turkish اشغه (aşağa) "used by educated people" in Meninski (1680).
The paradigm of directional/spatial adverbs of height in Azerbaijani must have undergone a morpho-semantic leveling so that senses of yuxarı / aşağı and their derived forms almost completely mirror one another:
* yuxarı 'upwards' (adv.); attested first.
** → upper; high (adj); upper part (noun)
*** → new nominal derivations by means of case inflection: yuxarıya (“upwards”), yuxarıdan (“from above”) etc.
* aşağa 'downwards' (adv.); attested first.
** → (analogically with yuxarı) aşağı 'lower'; 'low' (adj);
*** → (analogically with yuxarı) starts being used as a directional adverb 'downwards' along with aşağa and as the noun 'lower part';
**** → new nominal derivations by means of case inflection: aşağıya; aşağıdan etc.
**** → aşağa becomes superfluous in the paradigm, as no equivalent *yuxara exist. It therefore becomes increasingly proscribed.
The formation of aşağı from aşağa as a paradigmatic counterpart of yuxarı may have been facilitated by the need for another, neutral concept for 'low, not high' in view of the development of a negative figurative sense in alçaq (“low; → despicable”).
Compare also reshaping of Turkish aşağı to aşarı, aşaru under the analogical influence of yukarı in Anatolian dialects.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑʃɑˈɣɯ]
* IPA: [ɑʃːɑˈɣɯ] (especially when emphasized)
* Audio (Baku):(file)
* Hyphenation: a‧şa‧ğı

### Adverb

aşağı
* down, downwards, downstairs
    Synonyms: aşağa, aşağıya
    Düş aşağı oradan! ― Get down from there!
* lower, below, lower down
* less than, shorter than

### Adjective

aşağı (comparative daha aşağı, superlative ən aşağı)
* lower
** more towards the bottom than the middle of an object
    aşağı ətraflar ― lower limbs
    aşağı mərtəbə ― ground floor; downstairs (literally, “lower floor”)
    aşağı səs (in a choire etc.) ― lower voice
** (in placenames) lower; situated on lower ground
    Aşağı Əylis ― Lower Aylis
    Aşağı Əskipara ― Lower Askipara
** (parliamentarism) lower
    aşağı palata ― lower chamber
    Antonym: yuxarı
* low
    aşağı keyfiyyət ― low quality
    aşağı vəzifə ― low post
    aşağı qiymət ― low price
    aşağı faizli kredit ― low interest loans
    aşağı təzyiq ― low pressure
    aşağı qan təzyiqi ― low blood pressure
    Synonym: alçaq
    Antonym: yüksək
* deep (of a sound or voice, low in frequency or pitch)

### Noun

aşağı (definite accusative aşağını, plural aşağılar)
* lower part
    evin aşağısı ― lower part of the house
* (colloquial) lower prise, discount
    Qiymət sondur, aşağısı yoxdur. ― The price is final, no discount on it.

#### Related terms

* aşmaq
* aşırı, -aşırı

### Further reading

* ↑ Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “aşağı”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎ (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, Baku: Şərq-Qərb
* ↑ Əzizbəyov X. Ə. (1965) “aşağı”, in Азәрбајҹанҹа-русҹа лүғәт [Azerbaijani-Russian Dictionary], Baku: Azərbaycan Dövlət Nəşriyyatı
* “aşağı” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آشاغی (aşağı, “lower”).

### Adverb

aşağı
* down, downwards

### Adjective

aşağı
* lower

#### Related terms

* aşağıda
* aşagıdan
* aşağıdaki
* aşağısı
* aşağılar

## Salar
### Etymology

From Salar aşaq (“low”). Cognate with Turkmen aşāgy.

### Pronunciation

* (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA: [ɑʃɑːʁɨ], [ɑʃɑʁɨ]
* (Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [ɑːʃɑʁɨ]

### Noun

aşağı
* lower, bottom, under

### References

* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “aşağı”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 295

## Turkish
### Etymology

From aşağa, the dative form of aşak, as in Old Turkic [script needed] (aşak, “bottom of mountain”), ultimately from the same etymon as aşmak: Proto-Turkic *āš- (“to cross (a mountain), to surpass”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aʃaˈɯ/, /aʃːaˈɯ/, /aʃaː/, /aʃːaː/

### Noun

aşağı (definite accusative aşağıyı, plural aşağılar)
* lower part
    Aşağıya gelebilir misin?Can you come downstairs?
* lower one

#### Declension
### Adjective

aşağı
* lower
* inferior

#### Declension
### Adverb

aşağı
* down, downwards (direction)
    Synonym: aşağıya
    Antonyms: yukarı, yukarıya

#### Related terms

* aşağı yukarı
* aşağıda
* aşağıdan

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aşağı”, in Nişanyan Sözlük