# 小刀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎodāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ dou$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sió-to
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎodāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎodao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-tao$^1$
*** Yale: syǎu-dāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaudau
*** Palladius: сяодао (sjaodao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎodāor
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄠㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎodaor
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-tao$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syǎu-dāur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaudaul
*** Palladius: сяодаор (sjaodaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Yale: síu dōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-to
*** Tâi-lô: sió-to
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioy'doy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

### Noun

小刀
* pocketknife; penknife
* shortsword

#### Synonyms

* (pocketknife):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小刀, 刀子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小刀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 刀子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 刀子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 小刀兒, 刀刀兒, 刀刀子, 刀子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 刀刀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 刀刀兒, 刀兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 刀子, 刀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 刀子, 小刀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 小刀子, 小刀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 刀仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 刀仔 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 刀仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 刀仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 刀仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 刀子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 刀崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 小刀仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 刀仔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 刀刀, 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刀仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刀囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刀仔, 刀仔囝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 刀仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 刀仔囝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 刀仔 GT |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 刀囝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 刀囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 刀囝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 刀崽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 小刀 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 刀兒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 刀兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 細刀子, 刀子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 細刀子 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Derived terms

* 小刀會 / 小刀会 (Xiǎodāohuì)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 刀 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese compound 小刀 (sjew$^X$ taw, literally “small + blade”). Compare modern Mandarin reading xiǎodāo, Cantonese siu$^2$ dou$^1$, Min Nan sió-to.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーとー [shòótóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːto̞ː]

#### Noun

小(しょう)刀(とう) • (shōtō)
* small knife, short sword

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 刀 |
| こ Grade: 1 | かたな > がたな Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) +‎ 刀 (katana, “sword, blade”). The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こがたな [kògátáꜜnà] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) こがたな [kògáꜜtànà] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ɡa̠ta̠na̠]

#### Noun

小(こ)刀(がたな) • (kogatana)
* small knife, short sword

##### Usage notes

* The kogatana reading is more common than shōtō.

##### Derived terms

* 小刀細工(こがたなざいく) (kogatana-zaiku): carving with a knife

##### See also

* 大刀(たち) (tachi), 太刀(たち) (tachi)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 刀 |
| ちい(さ) Grade: 1 | かたな > がたな Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 小さ (chīsa, “small”, the stem of adjective 小さい chīsai) +‎ 刀 (katana, “sword, blade”). The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 小さ刀

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちいさがたな [chìíságáꜜtànà] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [t͡ɕiːsa̠ɡa̠ta̠na̠]

#### Noun

小(ちいさ)刀(がたな) • (chīsagatana)
* a specific kind of short sword without a hilt guard

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN