# ἵστημι
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἱστάω (histáō)
* ἱστάνω (histánō) — late
* στανύω (stanúō) — Cretan
* στᾰτίζω (stătízō) — poetic
* ἵστᾱμι (hístāmi) — Doric

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi, from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, the reduplicated present of *steh₂-.
Cognate with Old English standan (English stand), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Latin sistō, Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam), Persian ایستادن (istâdan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hís.tɛː.mi/ → /ˈis.ti.mi/ → /ˈis.ti.mi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hís.tɛː.mi/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)is.te̝.mi/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈis.ti.mi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈis.ti.mi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈis.ti.mi/

### Verb

ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hĭ́stēmĭ)
* (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses)
** to make to stand, to stand, set
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.574
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.127
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.126
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.431
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.528
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.53
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.96
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 7.13
*** 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 1230
*** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 243
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 27
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 145
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.110
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1102
*** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 150
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.4.7
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 453
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.69
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On Organization 21
*** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 261
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.141
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 236B
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1410A.33
** to stop, stay, check
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.433
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.182
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.755
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.350
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.111
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.4
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.188
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.1.5
*** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 437B
** to set up
*** to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.336
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.313
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.405
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.523
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.314
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.292
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.172
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.54
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.9
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 885
**** 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1529
**** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1263
**** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 699
**** 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 788
*** to set up, appoint
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.97
**** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 940
**** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1041
**** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 666
**** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 484D
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.105
*** to establish, institute
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.48
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.76
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.35
**** 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 150
**** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.114
**** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 2.3
**** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.58
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 433
**** 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 10.112
**** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 51
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.58
** to place in the balance, weigh
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.247
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.350
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.232
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 40
*** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 18.7
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.2.21
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.65
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 356B
*** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Theomnestus 1 18
*** 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 7C
*** 108 CE, Arrian, Discourses of Epictetus 1.29.15
* (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect)
** to stand
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.172
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.97
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.30
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.447
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.130
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.535
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.391
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.173
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.89
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1084
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1271
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 200
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1145
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1442
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 102
*** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 18.3.2
*** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 33.6.3
*** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 18.33.4
** to stand still
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.348
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.211
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.97
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.199
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.243
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 436C
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.97
*** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 102
*** 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 10
*** 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Fragments 423
*** AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 3.1.2
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 43A.37
*** AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 3.2.8
*** (figuratively) to stand firm
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.2.23
**** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 21.11.3
**** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 1.83
**** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 2.192
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 776A.35
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1104A.4
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1047A.15
**** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.105.9
**** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 1.71
**** c. 245 CE – c. 325 CE, Iamblichus Chalcidensis, Protrepticus 21
**** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 6.25.10
**** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 1.2
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 802C
** to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.55
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.359
*** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 564
*** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Ion 535C
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.151
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.240
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.111
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 143
*** (generally) to arise, begin
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.333
*** (in marking time) to be
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.519
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.117
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.162
**** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 780
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.57
**** 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 121
**** 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 67
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 242A
*** to be appointed
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.80

#### Derived terms

* ἀμφίστημι (amphístēmi)
* ἀνθίστημι (anthístēmi)
* ἀνίστημι (anístēmi)
* ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi)
* διίστημι (diístēmi)
* ἐνίστημι (enístēmi)
* ἐξίστημι (exístēmi)
* ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai)
* ἐφίστημι (ephístēmi)
* καθίστημι (kathístēmi)
* μεθίστημι (methístēmi)
* παρίστημι (parístēmi)
* περιίστημι (periístēmi)
* προΐστημι (proḯstēmi)
* προσίστημι (prosístēmi)
* Στησικλῆς (Stēsiklês)
* Στησίμβροτος (Stēsímbrotos)
* Στησίχορος (Stēsíkhoros)
* συνίστημι (sunístēmi)
* ὑπερίσταμαι (huperístamai)
* ὑφίστημι (huphístēmi)

#### Related terms

* ἄστατος (ástatos)
* δύστηνος (dústēnos)
* σταθμός (stathmós)
* σταμίν (stamín)
* στάμνος (stámnos)
* στάσις (stásis)
* στατήρ (statḗr)
* στήλη (stḗlē)

#### Descendants

* →⇒ English: histamine

### Further reading

* “ἵστημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἵστημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἵστημι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἵστημι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἵστημι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G2476 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible