# para-
## English
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

#### Prefix

para-
* beside, alongside
    parasite (feed beside), parallel (beside one another), paracapsular (alongside a capsule)
*   * parallel
       paraconformity (parallel conformity), paraxial (parallel to the axis)
* between
    paracellular (between cells), paraconule (A conule located between a paracone and a metacone), paradiploid (intermediate between diploid and polyploid)
* around, surrounding
    paracortex (surrounding the cortex), paradiapophysis (covering the diapophysis)
*   * covering
       paracolpitis ((outer) covering of inflamed vagina)
* adjacent, next to
    paracentral (adjacent to the center), paracaval (adjacent to the vena cava)
* near
    paranal (near the anus), parepididymis ((body part) near the epididymis), parethmoid (near the ethmoid bone)
* opposite of, on the far side of
    paracavernous (On the far side of the cavernous sinus)
* above, over
    paraductal (above the duct), paracoronoid (above the coronoid process), paracondylar (over the condyle)
* across, through, throughout
    paracotylar ([extending] across the cotyle), paraesophageal (across the esophagus), paracloacal (through the cloaca), paracostal (through the ribs), paracerebral (throughout the brain)
* beyond
    paradox (beyond expectation), paranormal (beyond normal) paraclival (beyond the clivus)
* abnormal
    paralgesia (abnormal sensitivity to pain)
* incorrect
* false
    paradiorthosis (false correction)
* resembling
    paramilitary (resembling a military), paramylum (resembling amylum (starch))
* unrecognized, unauthorized, or unsanctioned
    parastate (an unrecognized state), parabaptism (unauthorized baptism)
* avoiding or avoidant
    parenteral (avoiding the intestines), paraconsistent (avoiding consistency)
* (organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in opposite (1,4) positions (compare ortho- and meta-)
    Synonym: p-
* related or pertaining to
    paraclinical (relating to things not purely clinical), parabigeminal (related to a pair of organs), parabicanonical (pertaining to a linear system of divisors equivalent to a bicanonical divisor), paracomplex (pertaining to all metric spaces and all CW-complexes)
* affecting or concerning lower body
    paranesthesia (affecting both sides of the lower body), paraballism (ballism affecting both legs)

##### Synonyms

* (between): inter-, dia-
* (around): peri-, circum-
* (adjacent): juxta-
* (near): juxta-, peri-
* (on the far side of): trans-
* (above): epi-, super-, supra-, hyper-
* (across): trans-, dia-, per-
* (beyond): trans-, hyper-, ultra-, out-, extra-, preter-
* (incorrect): mis-, mal-
* (false): pseudo-, mis-
* (resembling): quasi-, -oid, -form/-iform, -esque, -ish, -ly, -some, -y, (restricted to casual registers) -ass, (forms adjectives from nouns only) -like

##### Derived terms

* P-
* parabola
* paradigm
* paradox
* parallel
* parallelogram
* paramedic
* paramilitary
* parasite
* paratext
* paravirtualization
* parabiology
* paranormal
* parapsychology

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From French para-, from Italian para-, from para, imperative of parare (“to defend, shield, shroud”), from Latin parō (“I prepare”).

#### Prefix

para-
* (obsolete, not productive) to guard against, to avert, to shield from; to provide protection against, defence from

##### Derived terms

* para-bore (jest, nonce word), protection against bores
* paragrandine
* paravane

##### Related terms

* parachute
* parados
* paragrele
* parapet
* parasol
* paravent

### Etymology 3

From parachute.

#### Prefix

para-
* parachute

##### Derived terms

* parabrake
* paracord
* paradiver
* paradoctor
* paradrop
* parafoil
* parafrag bomb
* paraglider
* parajump
* parajute
* parakiting
* parapants
* paraplane
* parasheet
* paraski
* paraspotter
* paratrooper

### Etymology 4

From Paralympic.

#### Prefix

para-
* disability sport

##### Derived terms

* para-archery
* para-athlete, parathlete
* paracanoe, para-canoe
* paracycling, para-cycling
* Paralympian, Paralympiad, Paralympics, Paralympic Games
* paraskiing, para nordic skiing
* parasport, parasports, para-sport, para-sports
* paratriathlon

### References

* ↑ John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “para-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* paar, Raap, ARPA, apar, ARAP, Rapa, AARP, Paar, APAR

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾa/ [pa.ɾa]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra

### Prefix

para- (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)
* used in naming any professions

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

### Prefix

para-
* para-

#### Derived terms
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ʁa/

### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”).

#### Prefix

para-
* para- (all senses)

##### Derived terms

* para-hockey sur glace

### Etymology 2

Via Italian para-, from parare, from Latin parō (“to shield”).

#### Prefix

para-
* para- (“guarding against”)

##### Synonyms

* garde- (e.g. garde-boue, garde-bras)
* pare- (e.g. pare-chocs, pare-soleil)

### Etymology 3

From paralympique (“Paralympic”).

#### Prefix

para-
* para- (“disability sport”)

##### Derived terms

* paracyclisme
* paranatation

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English para-, French para-, Italian para-, Spanish para-. Decision no. 105, Progreso III.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpara/

### Prefix

para-
* prefix denoting protection against, something to ward off
    ‎para- + ‎pluvo (“rain”) → ‎parapluvo (“umbrella”)
    ‎para- + ‎moskito (“mosquito”) → ‎paramoskito (“mosquito net”)

#### Derived terms
### References

* Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, page 169, 465

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* parai- (before a slender consonant)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Prefix

para-
* para-

#### Derived terms
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “para(i)-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Prefix

para-
* para- (all senses)

### Anagrams

* apar, apra, arpa, rapa

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ara
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
* Homophones: para, Para

### Prefix

para-
* para- (resembling)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* para- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Prefix

para- (Cyrillic spelling пара-)
* Para-.
    ‎para- + ‎nàuka (“science”) → ‎paranauka (“parascience”)
    ‎para- + ‎nȍrmālno (“normally”) → ‎paranormalno (“paranormal”)

#### References
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾa/ [pa.ɾa]
* Syllabification: pa‧ra-

### Prefix

para-
* para-

#### Derived terms

* Spanish terms prefixed with para- parabiosis paralenguaje paramagnético paramilitar paranasal paranormal paraolfatorio parapetrolero parapolicía parapolicial pararrenal parasimpático parasintético parasuicida parasuicidio paraterminal paratión paratraqueal paraumbilical

### Further reading

* “para-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Welsh
### Etymology

See English para-, from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpara/

### Prefix

para-
* para-
    ‎para- + ‎meddyg (“doctor”) → ‎parafeddyg (“paramedic”)
    ‎para- + ‎normal (“normal”) → ‎paranormal (“paranormal”)
    ‎para- + ‎ymatebol (“responsive, reactive”) → ‎paraymatebol (“parasympathetic”)

#### Derived terms
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “para-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies