# फल्गु
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ফল্গু (Assamese script)
* ᬨᬮ᭄ᬕᬸ (Balinese script)
* ফল্গু (Bengali script)
* 𑰣𑰩𑰿𑰐𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀨𑀮𑁆𑀕𑀼 (Brahmi script)
* ဖလ္ဂု (Burmese script)
* ફલ્ગુ (Gujarati script)
* ਫਲ੍ਗੁ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌫𑌲𑍍𑌗𑍁 (Grantha script)
* ꦦꦭ꧀ꦒꦸ (Javanese script)
* 𑂤𑂪𑂹𑂏𑂳 (Kaithi script)
* ಫಲ್ಗು (Kannada script)
* ផល្គុ (Khmer script)
* ຜລ຺ຄຸ (Lao script)
* ഫല്ഗു (Malayalam script)
* ᡦᠠᠯᡤᡠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘣𑘩𑘿𑘐𑘳 (Modi script)
* ᠹᠠᠯᠺᠤ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧃𑧉𑧠𑦰𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐦𑐮𑑂𑐐𑐸 (Newa script)
* ଫଲ୍ଗୁ (Odia script)
* ꢧꢭ꣄ꢔꢸ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆦𑆬𑇀𑆓𑆶 (Sharada script)
* 𑖣𑖩𑖿𑖐𑖲 (Siddham script)
* ඵල‍්ගු (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩱𑩽 𑪙𑩞𑩒 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚟𑚥𑚶𑚌𑚰 (Takri script)
* ப²ல்கு³ (Tamil script)
* ఫల్గు (Telugu script)
* ผลฺคุ (Thai script)
* ཕ་ལྒུ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒤𑒪𑓂𑒑𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨟𑨬𑩇𑨍𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pʰɐl.ɡú/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpʰɐl̪.ɡu/

### Etymology 1

Unknown, several possibilities are proposed. The original meaning appears to be "red".
* Connections with स्फुलिङ्ग (sphuliṅga, “spark”) and स्फुल् (sphul, “to throb”) are phonetically dubious.
* Derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst”) (with a -g- extention), possibly alongside फल (phala, “fruit”) and स्फुट् (sphuṭ, “burst”) (see there for more).
* Derived from Munda, whence Santali [script needed] (po̠dgo̠e, “reddish”) and probably पाटल (pāṭala, “pale red”).
* Of uncertain relation to Classical Syriac ܦܓܐ (phagga, “fig”) and Latin fīcus.

#### Adjective

फल्गु • (phalgú) stem
* reddish, red

##### Declension
#### Noun

फल्गु • (phalgú) stem, f
* fig, Ficus Oppositifolia
* a red powder (usually of the root of wild ginger, coloured with sapan wood and thrown over one another by the Hindus at the Holi festival)
** (by extension) the spring season
    Synonym: वसन्त (vasanta)

##### Derived terms

* फल्गुन (phalguna)
* फाल्गुन (phālguna)

##### Descendants

* Dardic:
** ⇒ Phalura: phaág
** Kashmiri: پھوگ (phōg)
* Pali: phaggu
* Prakrit: 𑀨𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼 (phaggu, “spring festival”)
** Hindi: फाग (phāg), फाक (phāk), फगुआ (phaguā)
** Marathi: फाग (phāg)
** Gujarati: ફાગ (phāg)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Munda, whence Santali [script needed] (pe̠ḍgo̠, “weak”). This also explains the -e- in some descendants.

#### Adjective

फल्गु • (phalgú) stem
* small, feeble, weak, unsubstantial, insignificant, worthless, unprofitable, useless

##### Declension

Same as above.

##### Derived terms

* अफल्गु (aphalgu, “profitable”)
* फल्गुता (phalgutā, “weakness”)
* फल्गुत्व (phalgutva, “weakness”)

##### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀨𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼 (phaggu), 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀨𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼 (pariphaggu, “worthless”)
* Pali: pheggu, phaggu, phegguka

### References

* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956–1980) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 395
* Monier Williams (1899) “फल्गु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 718.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “phalgu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 509