# grieve
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA: /ɡɹiːv/
* Rhymes: -iːv

### Etymology 1

From Middle English greven, from Old French grever (“to burden”), from Latin gravō, gravāre, from adjective gravis (“grave”).
For the meaning development compare Russian тяготи́ть (tjagotítʹ, “to be a burden (on), to oppress”), Russian тужи́ть (tužítʹ, “to experience grief”), related to тяжёлый (tjažólyj, “heavy, grave”), тя́жкий (tjážkij).

#### Verb

grieve (third-person singular simple present grieves, present participle grieving, simple past and past participle grieved)
* (transitive) To cause sorrow or distress to.
    Synonyms: sadden, upset; see also Thesaurus:sadden
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesian 4:30–passage-Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God.:
** 1782, William Cowper, “On the Receipt of my Mother’s Picture”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC:Thy maidens griev'd themselves at my concern.
* (transitive) To feel very sad about; to mourn; to sorrow for.
    Synonyms: bewail, lament; see also Thesaurus:lament
    to grieve one's fate
* (intransitive) To experience grief.
    Synonyms: besorrow, regret; see also Thesaurus:be sad
* (transitive, archaic) To harm.
    Synonyms: injure, wound; see also Thesaurus:harm
* (transitive) To submit or file a grievance (about).
** 2009, D'Amico, Rob (editor), Texas Teacher, published by Texas AFT (affiliate of American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO); "Austin classified employees gain due process rights", April 2009, p14:
    Even if the executive director rules against the employee on appeal, the employee can still grieve the termination to the superintendent followed by an appeal to the [...] Board of Trustees.

##### Derived terms

* begrieve
* grieved
* griever
* grievor
* grievingly
* un-grieve

##### Related terms

* grief
* grievance
* grievous

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English greve, greyve, grave, grafe, from Old Norse greifi, from Middle Low German grēve, grâve, related to Old English grœfa, groefa, variants of Old English ġerēfa (“steward, reeve”). More at reeve.

#### Noun

grieve (plural grieves)
* (obsolete) A governor of a town or province.
* (chiefly Scotland) A manager or steward, e.g. of a farm.
** 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve.

##### Derived terms

* grieveship

### Anagrams

* regive

## Old French
### Verb

grieve
* third-person singular present indicative of grever

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾjeβe/

### Noun

grieve m (plural grieves)
* hard, difficult
** c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 24v:Et los filoſofos precian la mucho por que ella a tal uertud que aquel que la trae conſigo aguzal mucho el entendimiento ⁊ el engenno, aſſi que ninguna coſa noles grieue de entender nin de aprender.And philosophers prize it greatly because its virtue is such that, of he who has it with him, it sharpens their understanding and ingenuity, so that nothing is difficult for them to understand or learn.