# 裁

| 裁 | U+88C1, &#35009; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88C1 |
| ← 裀 [U+88C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 裂 → [U+88C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

裁 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十戈卜竹女 (JIYHV), four-corner 4375$_0$, composition ⿹𢦏衣)

#### Derived characters

* 𬿢, 𭢚, 𣚸, 𦅞, 𧸄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1116, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34258
* Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3086, character 2
* Unihan data for U+88C1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 裁 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 𢦏 | *ʔslɯː |
| 栽 | *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 哉 | *ʔslɯː |
| 烖 | *ʔslɯː |
| 載 | *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 渽 | *ʔsɯː |
| 睵 | *ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː |
| 溨 | *zɯː |
| 裁 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 酨 | *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 蛓 | *sʰles, *sʰɯs |
| 胾 | *ʔsrɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː). However, the phonetic component has a reference to a blade and an arrow, hence to the concept of cutting (e.g., fabric).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cái (cai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coi$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhài
* Eastern Min (BUC): còi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhâi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cai$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cái
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cái
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^2$
*** Yale: tsái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsair
*** Palladius: цай (caj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coi$^4$
*** Yale: chòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhài
*** Hakka Romanization System: cai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: còi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡søy⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
*** Tâi-lô: tshâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cai$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzoj, dzojH
Rime :
| Character | 裁 | 裁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 昨哉切 | 昨代切 |
| Baxter | dzoj | dzojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zʌi/ | /d͡zʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zəi/ | /d͡zəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɒi/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zəj/ | /d͡zəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zᴀi/ | /d͡zᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɒi/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑ̆i/ | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cái | zài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coi$^4$ | zoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯː/, /*zlɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 裁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cái |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁə/ |
| English | cut out clothes |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 裁 | 裁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16498 | 16500 |
| Phonetic component |  |  |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 裁 | 載 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯː/ | /*zlɯːs/ |

### Definitions

裁
* to cut out; to cut into parts
    裁縫／裁缝 ― cáiféng ― to tailor ("to cut and sew")
    裁衣服 ― cái yīfú ― to cut out a garment
    From: 7th–8th century, He Zhizhang, 詠柳
    Bùzhī xì yè shéi cái chū, èryuè chūnfēng sì jiǎndāo. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to cut down; to decrease
    裁軍／裁军 ― cáijūn ― disarmament
    裁員／裁员 ― cáiyuán ― to lay off staff
    我被公司裁了。 ― Wǒ bèi gōngsī cái le. ― I got laid off by my company.
* (literary, or in compounds) to control; to rule
    獨裁／独裁 ― dúcái ― authoritarian rule
* (literary, or in compounds) to judge; to decide
    裁決／裁决 ― cáijué ― to decide (especially by legal verdict)
    仲裁 ― zhòngcái ― to arbitrate
    自裁 ― zìcái ― to make one's own decision (especially of suicide)
* (literary, or in compounds) to select and plan
* (literary, or in compounds) form of writing
    體裁／体裁 ― tǐcái ― form; style
* Classifier for divisions of standard-size printing paper.

#### Synonyms

* (to cut down):
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削減 / 削减 (xuējiǎn)
* 壓縮 / 压缩 (yāsuō)
* 損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 撤 (chè)
* 收縮 / 收缩 (shōusuō)
* 消減 / 消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 減低 / 减低 (jiǎndī)
* 減削 / 减削 (jiǎnxuè)
* 減少 / 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
* 減損 / 减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
* 減縮 / 减缩 (jiǎnsuō)
* 減輕 / 减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
* 省卻 / 省却 (shěngquè)
* 砍 (kǎn)
* 緊縮 / 紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
* 縮減 / 缩减 (suōjiǎn)
* 耗
* 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
* 裁減 / 裁减 (cáijiǎn)
* 鐫汰 / 镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
* 降低 (jiàngdī)
* (to control):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕 / 驾 (jià)
* 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
* (to judge):
* 下結論 / 下结论 (xià jiélùn)
* 判定 (pàndìng)
* 判斷 / 判断 (pànduàn)
* 判決 / 判决 (pànjué)
* 斬截 / 斩截 (Min Nan)
* 斷定 / 断定 (duàndìng)
* 裁奪 / 裁夺 (cáiduó)
* 裁斷 / 裁断 (cáiduàn)
* 裁酌 (cáizhuó) (formal)
* 評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)

#### Compounds

* 仲裁 (zhòngcái)
* 別出心裁 / 别出心裁 (biéchūxīncái)
* 別出新裁 / 别出新裁
* 別裁 / 别裁 (biécái)
* 別裁偽體 / 别裁伪体
* 制裁 (zhìcái)
* 副總裁 / 副总裁 (fùzǒngcái)
* 剪裁 (jiǎncái)
* 卓裁
* 商務仲裁 / 商务仲裁
* 國際仲裁 / 国际仲裁
* 國際裁判 / 国际裁判
* 報窮制裁 / 报穷制裁
* 心裁 (xīncái)
* 指腹裁襟
* 洋裁
* 混合裁判
* 清裁
* 獨出心裁 / 独出心裁
* 獨裁 / 独裁 (dúcái)
* 獨裁者 / 独裁者 (dúcáizhě)
* 登高賦裁 / 登高赋裁
* 稱體裁衣 / 称体裁衣 (chèntǐcáiyī)
* 終局裁判 / 终局裁判
* 經濟制裁 / 经济制裁
* 總裁 / 总裁 (zǒngcái)
* 自由裁量
* 自裁 (zìcái)
* 裁併 / 裁并 (cáibìng)
* 裁兵 (cáibīng)
* 裁刀
* 裁判 (cáipàn)
* 裁判員 / 裁判员 (cáipànyuán)
* 裁判書 / 裁判书
* 裁制 (cáizhì)
* 裁剪 (cáijiǎn)
* 裁劃 / 裁划
* 裁可
* 裁員 / 裁员 (cáiyuán)
* 裁奪 / 裁夺 (cáiduó)
* 裁定 (cáidìng)
* 裁度 (cáiduó)
* 裁成
* 裁損 / 裁损
* 裁撤 (cáichè)
* 裁斷 / 裁断 (cáiduàn)
* 裁格
* 裁決 / 裁决 (cáijué)
* 裁汰 (cáitài)
* 裁減 / 裁减 (cáijiǎn)
* 裁示 (cáishì)
* 裁答
* 裁縫 / 裁缝
* 裁縫店 / 裁缝店
* 裁縫鋪 / 裁缝铺
* 裁處 / 裁处 (cáichǔ)
* 裁衣
* 裁衣合帳 / 裁衣合帐
* 裁衣尺
* 裁製 / 裁制 (cáizhì)
* 裁詩 / 裁诗
* 裁軍 / 裁军 (cáijūn)
* 裁軍會議 / 裁军会议
* 裁量 (cáiliáng)
* 裁錦 / 裁锦
* 裁革
* 辨裁
* 量體裁衣 / 量体裁衣
* 鎔裁 / 镕裁
* 鏤月裁雲 / 镂月裁云
* 電子裁判 / 电子裁判
* 體裁 / 体裁 (tǐcái)
* 鬢若刀裁 / 鬓若刀裁
* 鴻裁 / 鸿裁

### References

* “裁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* cut out, judge

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざい (zai)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: たつ (tatsu, 裁つ, Jōyō)、さばく (sabaku, 裁く, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 裁(さい)判(ばん) (saiban)
* 裁(さい)判(ばん)所(しょ) (saibansho)
* 制(せい)裁(さい) (seisai)
* 裁(さい)断(だん) (saidan)
* 裁(さい)決(けつ) (saiketsu)
* 最(さい)高(こう)裁(さい) (saikōsai)
* 裁(さい)量(りょう) (sairyō)
* 天(てん)裁(さい) (tensai)
* 簡(かん)裁(さい) (kansai)
* 高(こう)裁(さい) (kōsai)
* 家(か)裁(さい) (kasai)
* 地(ち)裁(さい) (chisai)
* 裁(さい)縫(ほう) (saihō)
* 裁(さい)定(てい) (saitei)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 裁
* たち Grade: 6
* irregular
* IPA: [ta̠t͡ɕi]

### Proper noun

裁(たち) • (Tachi)
* a surname

### References

* Halpern, New Japanese-English Character Dictionary

## Korean
### Hanja

裁 (eumhun 마를 재 (mareul jae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

裁: Hán Việt readings: tài
裁: Nôm readings: tài, trài
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.