# 博士
## Chinese

* 博士 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 博士 (Cantonese)
* 博士 (Gan)
* phok-sū (Southern Min)
* 博士 (Wu)

### Etymology

Attestable since at least the Eastern Han dynasty. In modern Mandarin, a doublet of 把戲 / 把戏 (bǎxì) and 把式 (bǎshì).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bóshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bok$^3$ si$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bok$^2$ lhu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pok-sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): bog sii$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): báuk-sê̤ṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phok-sū / phok-sǐr / phok-sǐ / phok-sīr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pag$^4$ se$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$poq-zy / $^7$poq-zy$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bóshì → bóshi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ ㄕˋ → ㄅㄛˊ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bóshi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$-shih$^5$
*** Yale: bwó-shr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor.shyh
*** Palladius: боши (boši)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$博士 博識 / 博识
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bok$^3$ si$^6$
*** Yale: bok sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bok$^8$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bog$^3$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːk̚³ siː²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bok$^2$ lhu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔk̚⁵⁵ ɬu³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pok-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog$^ˋ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bog$^5$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pok̚² sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog sii$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /pok⁵⁻² sɨ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: báuk-sê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /pouʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ søy²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok-sū
*** Tâi-lô: phok-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoksu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su²²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ su²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok-sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: phok-sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok-sǐ
*** Tâi-lô: phok-sǐ
*** IPA (Philippines): /pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ si³³/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok-sīr
*** Tâi-lô: phok-sīr
*** IPA (Singapore): /pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sɯ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pag$^4$ se$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phak sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰak̚²⁻⁴ sɯ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$poq-zy
*** MiniDict: poh$^入$ zy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$poq-zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /poʔ³³ zz̩⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$poq-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: poh$^入$ zy$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /poʔ³³ zz̩³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pak dzriX
Rime :
| Character | 博 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 補各切 | 鉏里切 |
| Baxter | pak | dzriX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pwɑk̚/ | /d͡ʒɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷɑk̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /puɑk̚/ | /d͡ʒie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pwak̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /puɑk̚/ | /d͡ʒiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /puɑk̚/ | /d͡ʒĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pwɑk̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bok$^3$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤak [m-s-]rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paːɡ zrɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 博 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bó | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pak › | ‹ dzri$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁak/ | /*[m-s-]rəʔ/ |
| English | broad | officer; gentleman |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 博 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3474 | 11511 |
| Phonetic component | 甫 | 士 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 博 | 士 |
| Old Chinese | /*paːɡ/ | /*zrɯʔ/ |

### Noun

博士
* doctorate; Ph.D.
    博士生 ― bóshìshēng ― doctoral candidate
    哲學博士／哲学博士 ― zhéxué bóshì ― Doctor of Philosophy
       Wǒ huì hǎohǎo nǔlì bǎ wǒ de bóshì dúwán. [Pinyin]
       I will work hard to finish my doctorate.
       Tā gāng cóng Běijīng dàxué qǔdé bóshì xuéwèi. [Pinyin]
       He recently obtained his doctorate degree from Peking University.
* doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
    吳博士／吴博士 ― Wú bóshì ― Dr. Wu
       Zhāng bóshì shì zhè chǎng jiǎngzuò de zhǔjiǎngrén. [Pinyin]
       Dr. Zhang is the presenter of this seminar.
* (history) court academician (in feudal China)
* (history) master; person with a particular skill
    茶博士 ― chá bóshì ― a tea master
* (history) learned scholar; polymath
* (dialectal) carpenter; woodworker

#### Synonyms

* (carpenter):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 木匠, 木工, 木作 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 木匠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 木匠, 木工 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 木匠, 木工 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 木匠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 木匠, 木工 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 木匠, 木工 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 木匠, 木作 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 木匠, 木工 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 木匠, 木工 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 木匠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 木匠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 木匠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 木匠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 木匠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 木匠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 木匠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 木匠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 木匠, 木工 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 木匠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 木匠老師兒, 木匠, 木工 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 木匠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 木匠, 木工 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 木匠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 木匠, 木工 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 木匠, 木工 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 木匠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 木匠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 木匠, 木工 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 木匠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 木匠, 木工佬, 木工 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 木匠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 木匠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 木匠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 木匠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 博士 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鬥木佬, 鬥木師傅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 木匠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鬥木佬, 鬥木師傅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 鬥木佬, 整木佬 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 木匠 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 鬥木佬, 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 鬥木佬, 木匠 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 木工, 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 整木佬 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 整木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 整木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 木匠 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 木匠 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 木工佬 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 木匠佬 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬥木佬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 木工 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 木匠 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 博師 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 木匠師傅, 博士 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 木匠, 博士 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 木匠佬 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鬥木佬 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 木工 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 鬥木師傅 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Changting | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 木匠師傅 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 木匠, 木工 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 博師 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 做木師傅, 木匠 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鬥木佬, 木匠 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 木匠佬 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 木匠佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 木匠佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 鬥木佬 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 木匠 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 木工佬 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 家私佬 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 木匠 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 木匠 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 木匠 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 木匠 |
| Jin | Linhe | 木匠 |
| Jin | Jining | 木匠 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 木匠, 木工 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 木匠, 木工 |
| Jin | Handan | 木匠, 木工 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 做頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 木師傅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 木師, 做木的, 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 做木的 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 木師, 柴師, 做木的, 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 柴師, 做木的 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 做木的, 做木師, 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 木匠, 做木的 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 木匠師 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 木匠, 做木的, 木工 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 木匠, 做木的, 做木師 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 木匠, 木匠師 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 木匠師 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 木匠, 木師, 做木的 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 木匠, 木匠師 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 做木的 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 做木的, 做木師傅 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 柴木師, 柴工 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 柴工 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 木工 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 木匠, 木工 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 木工 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 木工 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 柴師 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 木工, 木匠 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 柴工 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 木工 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 北代 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 柴工, 柴工爹, 木匠 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鬥木佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 木匠 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 木工佬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 木匠, 木工 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 木匠 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 木匠 |
| Wu | Danyang | 木匠 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 木匠師傅 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 木匠 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 木匠, 木匠老師, 做木老師, 做木個 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 木匠師傅 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 木匠 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 木匠, 木工 |

#### Derived terms

* 五經博士 / 五经博士
* 博士學位 / 博士学位 (bóshì xuéwèi)
* 博士導師 / 博士导师 (bóshì dǎoshī)
* 博士弟子
* 博士後 / 博士后 (bóshìhòu)
* 博士生 (bóshìshēng)
* 博士論文 / 博士论文 (bóshì lùnwén)
* 博士買驢 / 博士买驴 (bóshìmǎilǘ)
* 博士點 / 博士点 (bóshìdiǎn)
* 哲學博士 / 哲学博士 (zhéxué bóshì)
* 國子監博士 / 国子监博士
* 國家博士 / 国家博士
* 土博士
* 太常博士
* 女博士
* 榮譽博士 / 荣誉博士 (róngyù bóshì)
* 磨博士
* 神學博士 / 神学博士 (shénxué bóshì)
* 算博士
* 花博士
* 茶博士
* 超博士
* 酒博士

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 博(はく)士(し) (hakushi, “court academician; doctor”)
* → Korean: 박사(博士) (baksa, “doctor; expert; learned man”)
* → Vietnamese: bác sĩ (博士, “medical doctor; physician”)
Others:
* → Japanese: 博士 (hakase)
* → Korean: 박수 (baksu, “male priest, male shaman”)
* → Manchu: ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ (baksi), ᠪᠠᡴᡧᡳ (bakši, “scholar; Confucian scholar”)
** → Chinese: 把式 (bǎshì), 把勢／把势 (bǎshì, “martial arts; master; skill”), 把戲／把戏 (bǎxì, “circus tricks; cheap tricks”)
** → Chinese: 巴克什 (bākèshí, “baksi, title given to Qing Dynasty scholars”)
* → Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi) / багш (bagš, “teacher, instructor; master; trainer”)
** → Tibetan: པག་ཤི (pag shi, “teacher”)
* → Kazakh: бақсы (baqsy, “shaman, sorcerer”)
* → Kyrgyz: бакшы (bakşı, “shaman, Islamic faith healer”)
* → Persian: بخشی (baxši, “scribe, secretary; surgeon; vice-regent; inspector; grand falconer”)
* → Southern Altai: бакшы (bakšï, “leader”)
* → Uyghur: باخشى (baxshi, “sorcerer, shaman, wizard; witchcraft healer, witch-doctor”), باخشىلىق (baxshiliq, “falconry, hunting with birds of prey; witchcraft, shamanism”)
* → Tatar: багучы (bağuçı, “shaman, healer”)
* → Turkmen: bagşy (“Turkmen shaman singers who play Dutar , shaman healer”)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 博 | 士 |
| はく Grade: 4 | し Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzri$^X$) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はくし [háꜜkùshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠kɯ̟̊ɕi]

#### Noun

博(はく)士(し) • (hakushi)
* a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)

##### Derived terms

* 博(はく)士(し)論(ろん)文(ぶん) (hakushi ronbun, “doctoral thesis”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 博 | 士 |
| はく > はか Grade: 4 | し > せ Grade: 5 |
| jukujikun ||
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzri$^X$). Unattested in extant Old Japanese texts, but likely borrowed in the Old Japanese period, being an official title in the ritsuryō system.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はかせ [háꜜkàsè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ka̠se̞]

#### Noun

博(はか)士(せ) • (hakase)
* (history) a court academician
* a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
** 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ニューイヤー星(せい)調(ちょう)査(さ)行(こう) [Expedition to Planet New Year]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Tomorrow in the Letterbox] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 108:
    ロッシュ博(はか)士(せ)。あなたはうれしくないんですか。
       Rosshu Hakase. Anata wa ureshiku nai n desu ka.
       Dr. Roche. Are you not enjoying yourself?
* an expert

##### Derived terms

* 博(はか)士(せ)論(ろん)文(ぶん) (hakase ronbun, “doctoral thesis”)

##### Descendants

* → Kanakanabu: hakasi
* → Paiwan: hakasi
* → Saaroa: hakasi
* → Sakizaya: hakasi

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 博 | 士 |
| ひろ Grade: 4 | し Grade: 5 |
| yutōyomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

博(ひろ)士(し) • (Hiroshi)
* a male given name

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 博 | 士 |

### Noun

博士 • (baksa or McCune-Reischauer: paksa or Yale: pakqsa) (hangeul 박사)
* hanja form of 박사 (“doctor”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 博 | 士 |

### Noun

博士
* chữ Hán form of bác sĩ (“medical doctor; physician”).