# tundra
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʌndɹə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)
* A flat and treeless Arctic biome.

#### Derived terms

* steppe-tundra
* tundra bean goose
* tundral
* Tundra Nenets
* tundra swan
* tundra tire
* tundra tyre
* tundra vole
* tundra wolf

#### Translations
### Further reading

* tundra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Durant, durant, truand

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtundra]
* Hyphenation: tun‧d‧ra

### Noun

tundra f
* tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tundra”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “tundra”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

### Noun

tundra f (genitive singular tundru, uncountable)
* tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)
    Synonym: frostmýri

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar). Doublet of tanner, tantere, and tunturi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈt̪un.drɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -undrɑ
* Hyphenation: tund‧ra

### Noun

tundra
* tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of tundra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tundrani
tundrani
accusative
nom.
tundrani
tundrani
gen.
tundrani
genitive
tundrani
tundrieni tundraini $^{rare}$
partitive
tundraani
tundriani
inessive
tundrassani
tundrissani
elative
tundrastani
tundristani
illative
tundraani
tundriini
adessive
tundrallani
tundrillani
ablative
tundraltani
tundriltani
allative
tundralleni
tundrilleni
essive
tundranani
tundrinani
translative
tundrakseni
tundrikseni
abessive
tundrattani
tundrittani
instructive
comitative
—tundrineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tundrasi
tundrasi
accusative
nom.
tundrasi
tundrasi
gen.
tundrasi
genitive
tundrasi
tundriesi tundraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
tundraasi
tundriasi
inessive
tundrassasi
tundrissasi
elative
tundrastasi
tundristasi
illative
tundraasi
tundriisi
adessive
tundrallasi
tundrillasi
ablative
tundraltasi
tundriltasi
allative
tundrallesi
tundrillesi
essive
tundranasi
tundrinasi
translative
tundraksesi
tundriksesi
abessive
tundrattasi
tundrittasi
instructive
comitative
—tundrinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tundramme
tundramme
accusative
nom.
tundramme
tundramme
gen.
tundramme
genitive
tundramme
tundriemme tundraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
tundraamme
tundriamme
inessive
tundrassamme
tundrissamme
elative
tundrastamme
tundristamme
illative
tundraamme
tundriimme
adessive
tundrallamme
tundrillamme
ablative
tundraltamme
tundriltamme
allative
tundrallemme
tundrillemme
essive
tundranamme
tundrinamme
translative
tundraksemme
tundriksemme
abessive
tundrattamme
tundrittamme
instructive
comitative
—tundrinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tundranne
tundranne
accusative
nom.
tundranne
tundranne
gen.
tundranne
genitive
tundranne
tundrienne tundrainne $^{rare}$
partitive
tundraanne
tundrianne
inessive
tundrassanne
tundrissanne
elative
tundrastanne
tundristanne
illative
tundraanne
tundriinne
adessive
tundrallanne
tundrillanne
ablative
tundraltanne
tundriltanne
allative
tundrallenne
tundrillenne
essive
tundrananne
tundrinanne
translative
tundraksenne
tundriksenne
abessive
tundrattanne
tundrittanne
instructive
comitative
—tundrinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tundransa
tundransa
accusative
nom.
tundransa
tundransa
gen.
tundransa
genitive
tundransa
tundriensa tundrainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
tundraansa
tundriaan tundriansa
inessive
tundrassaan tundrassansa
tundrissaan tundrissansa
elative
tundrastaan tundrastansa
tundristaan tundristansa
illative
tundraansa
tundriinsa
adessive
tundrallaan tundrallansa
tundrillaan tundrillansa
ablative
tundraltaan tundraltansa
tundriltaan tundriltansa
allative
tundralleen tundrallensa
tundrilleen tundrillensa
essive
tundranaan tundranansa
tundrinaan tundrinansa
translative
tundrakseen tundraksensa
tundrikseen tundriksensa
abessive
tundrattaan tundrattansa
tundrittaan tundrittansa
instructive
comitative
—tundrineen tundrinensa :

#### Derived terms

* arotundra
* tundrahanhi
* tundrahopeatäplä
* tundrakasvi
* tundrakasvillisuus
* tundrakirvinen
* tundrakurmitsa
* tundrarousku
* tundrasara
* tundrasusi
* tundraurpiainen
* tundravikla
* tundravyöhyke

### Further reading

* “tundra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Galician
### Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)
* tundra

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian тундра (tundra).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈtundr]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈtund̥rɑ]
* Rhymes: -undr, -undrɑ
* Hyphenation: tund‧ra

### Noun

tundra
* (geography) tundra
** 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 28:Kuin sovetin valta uuvvistaa tundran väen elon.How the Soviet rule is renewing the life of the tundra people.

#### Derived terms

* metsätundra

## Irish
### Etymology

From Russian, from Kildin Sami.

### Noun

tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)
* tundra

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
tundra
tundraí
vocative
a thundra
a thundraí
genitive
tundra
tundraí
dative
tundra
tundraí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tundra
na tundraí
genitive
an tundra
na dtundraí
dative
leis an tundra don tundra
leis na tundraí :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tundra”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “tundra”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “tundra”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

## Italian
### Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtun.dra/
* Rhymes: -undra
* Hyphenation: tùn‧dra

### Noun

tundra f (plural tundre)
* tundra

## Latvian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtundɾa]
* Hyphenation: tun‧dra

### Noun

tundra f (4th declension)
* tundra (a natural zone that has developed in the arctic and subarctic zones and is characterised by low average temperatures, high humidity and short growing seasons)
** 2024 December 20, Claudi Casals, kas ir tundra‎:Varbūt jūs kādreiz esat dzirdējuši par to, ko sauc par "tundru", gan filmā, gan seriālā, gan dokumentālajā filmā. Bet kas ir tundra?You may have heard of what is called "the tundra" in a film, TV series or documentary. But what is the tundra?
* tundra (the geographical area in the arctic and subarctic zone between the arctic deserts and the forest tundra)

#### Derived terms

* mežatundra f

### References

* “tundra” in Latviešu literārās valodas vārdnīca
* “tundra” in Mūsdienu latviešu valodas vārdnīca
* tundra at tezaurs.lv

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

### Noun

tundra m (definite singular tundraen, indefinite plural tundraer, definite plural tundraene)
* tundra

### References

* “tundra” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

### Noun

tundra m (definite singular tundraen, indefinite plural tundraer or trundraar, definite plural tundraene or tundraane)
* tundra

### References

* “tundra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtun.dra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -undra
* Syllabification: tun‧dra

### Noun

tundra f (related adjective tundrowy)
* tundra (flat and treeless Arctic biome)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* tundra in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tundra in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French toundra, from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtũ.dɾɐ/
* Hyphenation: tun‧dra

### Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)
* (geography) tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tûːndra/
* Hyphenation: tun‧dra

### Noun

tȗndra f (Cyrillic spelling ту̑ндра)
* tundra

#### Declension
### References

* “tundra”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtundɾa/ [ˈt̪ũn̪.d̪ɾa]
* Rhymes: -undɾa
* Syllabification: tun‧dra

### Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)
* tundra

### Further reading

* “tundra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

### Noun

tundra c
* tundra

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | tundra | tundras |
| singular | definite | tundran | tundrans |
| plural | indefinite | tundror | tundrors |
| plural | definite | tundrorna | tundrornas |

### References

* tundra in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tundra in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tundra in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* rundat, undrat

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish توندره, from English tundra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tundɾa/

### Noun

tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)
* tundra

#### Declension
### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tundra”, in Nişanyan Sözlük