# 如臨深淵
## Chinese

| | | as (if); such as | to face; to overlook; to arriveto face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before | abyss; abyss; catastrophic situation |
| trad. (如臨深淵) | trad. (如臨深淵) | 如 | 臨 | 深淵 |
| simp. (如临深渊) | simp. (如临深渊) | 如 | 临 | 深渊 |
| Literally: “like on the edge of an abyss”. |||||

### Etymology

See 戰戰兢兢／战战兢兢 (zhànzhànjīngjīng).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rúlínshēnyuān
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄕㄣ ㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^2$ lam$^4$ sam$^1$ jyun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rúlínshēnyuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄕㄣ ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rúlínshenyuan
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^2$-lin$^2$-shên$^1$-yüan$^1$
*** Yale: rú-lín-shēn-ywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rulinsheniuan
*** Palladius: жулиньшэньюань (žulinʹšɛnʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu³⁵ lin³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^2$ lam$^4$ sam$^1$ jyun$^1$
*** Yale: yú làhm sām yūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^2$ lam$^4$ sam$^1$ jyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^2$ lem$^4$ sem$^1$ yun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː³⁵ lɐm²¹ sɐm⁵⁵ jyːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyo lim syim 'wen
Rime :
| Character | 如 | 臨 | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 來 (37) | 書 (26) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 人諸切 | 力尋切 | 式針切 | 烏玄切 |
| Baxter | nyo | lim | syim | 'wen |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨʌ/ | /liɪm/ | /ɕiɪm/ | /ʔwen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɔ/ | /lim/ | /ɕim/ | /ʔʷen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɔ/ | /ljem/ | /ɕjem/ | /ʔuɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨə̆/ | /lim/ | /ɕim/ | /ʔwɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɔ/ | /liəm/ | /ɕiəm/ | /ʔuen/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭo/ | /lĭĕm/ | /ɕĭĕm/ | /iwen/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯wo/ | /li̯əm/ | /ɕi̯əm/ | /ʔiwen/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rú | lín | shēn | yuān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | lam$^4$ | sam$^1$ | jyun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*na (p.)rum [l̥][ə]m [ʔ]ʷˤi[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nja b·rɯm hljum qʷiːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 如 | 臨 | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rú | lín | shēn | yuān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyo › | ‹ lim › | ‹ syim › | ‹ ʔwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*na/ | /*(p.)rum/ | /*[l̥][ə]m/ | /*[ʔ]ʷˁi[ŋ]/ |
| English | as, like, if | look down at | deep | abyss |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 如 | 臨 | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9623 | 9801 | 11255 | 16099 |
| Phonetic component | 女 | 品 | 罙 | 淵 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 侵 | 侵 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 如 | 林 | 深 | 淵 |
| Old Chinese | /*nja/ | /*b·rɯm/ | /*hljum/ | /*qʷiːn/ |

### Idiom

如臨深淵
* (figurative) to be extremely cautious