# besta
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aː

### Verb

besta
* inflection of bestaan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative
** (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive

### Anagrams

* baste, batse

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese besta, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbesta̝/

#### Noun

besta f (plural bestas)
* beast (quadruped animal)
* horse or any other equine
** 1326, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 295:pelas bestas de caualgar et carregafor the animals [used] for riding or for carrying load
** 1813, anonymous author, Conversa no adro da igrexa:Dixêronme que asta á besta que trouxêra á balixâ con tan boa notisea, chegara mais sedo do que habia doito leda coma un cuco.They told me that even the horse that brought the postbag with such good news arrived earlier than usual, happy as a lark.
* mount
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Virés acò meu Dieguiño cando ò tempo milloràr, porqe si escorrega á Besta è esbarroufàs, alabay.You'll come here my little Diego when the weather improves because if the mount slips and you sprawl, here goes nothing!
* mare
    Synonym: egua
* (figuratively) brute
    Synonym: bruto

##### Derived terms

* besta brava (“wild horse”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛsta̝/

#### Noun

besta f (plural bestas)
* Misspelling of bésta.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “besta”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “besta”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “besta”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “besta”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “besta”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

besta f (definite singular besta, indefinite plural bester or bestor, definite plural bestene or bestone)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of beste f
* definite singular of beste f

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

besta (present tense bestar or bester, past tense besta or beste, supine and past participle besta or best, present participle bestande, imperative best)
* Alternative spelling of beste

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

besta
* (dialectal or obsolete) neuter definite singular of best

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* bestia
* bescha

### Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin bēstia (“beast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbes̺.ta/

### Noun

besta f (plural bestas)
* beast (a non-human animal, especially large vertebrate quadrupeds)
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 124 (facsimile):
    aue nen beſta dele non comiu per ren.
       Neither bird nor beast would eat him for anything.
* beast of burden, donkey
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 147 (facsimile):
    a beſtia de balaam
       Balaam's donkey

#### Synonyms

* (beast): animalia, animalla

#### Descendants

* Galician: besta
* Portuguese: besta

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese besta, probably borrowed from Latin bēstia (“beast”). Doublet of bicha.

#### Alternative forms

* bêsta (pre-reform)

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbes.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbes.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈbeʃ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbes.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbeʃ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: bes‧ta

#### Noun

besta f (plural bestas)
* beast (any large animal)
* beast of burden (animal used to transport cargo)
* ass (any of several species of horse-like animals)
* (derogatory) fool; idiot (stupid person)
* (euphemistic) the Beast; Satan
* (by extension) a monster

##### Synonyms

* (beast): animal, bicho, vertebrado, quadrúpede, fera
* (beast of burden): besta-de-carga
* (ass): asno, burro, jumento
* (fool): tongo, burro, jumento, estúpido, idiota, bestalhão, paspalhão, tonto, abestado
* (Satan): Satã, demónio, Diabo, Satanás

##### Derived terms

* besta-de-carga
* besta-fera
* bestar
* besteira
* bestice
* bestidade
* bestificar

##### Related terms

* bestial
* bestialidade
* bestialização
* bestializado
* bestializar
* bestialogia
* bestialógico
* bestificação
* bestificado
* bestificante
* bicha
* bicho

#### Adjective

besta m or f (plural bestas)
* (derogatory) idiotic, stupid
* astonished, speechless (extremely surprised)
    Synonyms: estupefato, pasmo

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese baesta (“crossbow”), from Latin bālista, from Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra).

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.tɐ/, (nonstandard, but very common) /ˈbes.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.tɐ/, (nonstandard, but very common) /ˈbes.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/, (nonstandard, but very common) /ˈbeʃ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.ta/, (nonstandard, but very common) /ˈbes.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: bes‧ta

#### Noun

besta f (plural bestas)
* crossbow (weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock)

##### Related terms

* balestra
* balista
* besteiro

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɛs.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: bes‧ta

#### Verb

besta
* inflection of bestar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative