# 再見
## Chinese

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zàijiàn
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зэҗян (zeži͡an, III-III) / зэ җян (ze ži͡an, III-III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoi$^3$ gin$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): doi$^1$ gen$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chai-kien / chai-kian
    (Hailu, HRS): zai$^ˇ$ gien$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zai$^4$ gian$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cái-giéng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chài-kiàn / chài-chián
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^3$ gin$^3$ / zai$^3$ giêng$^3$ / zai$^3$ giang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tse-ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàijiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàijiàn
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^4$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: dzài-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzayjiann
*** Palladius: цзайцзянь (czajczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$再建 再見 / 再见 在建
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зэҗян (zeži͡an, III-III) / зэ җян (ze ži͡an, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/, /t͡sɛ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^3$ gin$^3$
*** Yale: joi gin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^3$ gin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^3$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯³³ kiːn³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$再建 再見 / 再见
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: doi$^1$ gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tᵘɔi³³ ken³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai-kien
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai gien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^4$ gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵ ki̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai-kian
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai gian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^4$ gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵ ki̯an⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˇ$ gien$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai¹¹ kien¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zai$^4$ gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kian⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cái-giéng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(k-)}$iɛŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài-kiàn
*** Tâi-lô: tsài-kiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zae'kiexn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɛn¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɛn⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài-chián
*** Tâi-lô: tsài-tsián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaeciern
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɛn⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^3$ gin$^3$ / zai$^3$ giêng$^3$ / zai$^3$ giang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài kìⁿ / tsài kièng / tsài kiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kĩ²¹³/, /t͡sai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kieŋ²¹³/, /t͡sai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tse-ci
*** MiniDict: tse$^平$ ci
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tse-ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsojH kenH
Rime :
| Character | 再 | 見 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 作代切 | 古電切 |
| Baxter | tsojH | kenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi$^H$/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi$^H$/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi$^H$/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj$^H$/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi$^H$/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi$^H$/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i$^H$/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zài | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^3$ | gin$^3$ |

### Interjection

再見
* (polite) goodbye; see you later
    From: 1975, performed by Teresa Teng, lyrics by Wen Choi, music by Masaaki Hirao, “Goodbye! my love”
    goodbye my love, wǒ dì àirén zàijiàn, goodbye my love, xiàngjiàn bùzhī nǎ yītiān- [Pinyin]
    [Goodbye, my love]. I don't know where we'll meet [again] someday.

#### Synonyms

* 88 (text messaging, internet slang)
* 再會 / 再会 (zàihuì) (polite)
* 別了 / 别了 (bié le) (farewell)
* 回見 / 回见 (huíjiàn) (polite)
* 好行 (hou$^2$ haang$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 慢行 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 慢走 (mànzǒu) (polite)
* 拜哎 (Wu)
* 拜拜 (báibái) (informal)
* 走好 (zǒuhǎo) (polite)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 再見 (tsaichen), 再見 (saichen), 再見 (zaichen)

### Verb

再見
* (literally) to see (a person) again; to meet again
       Yī nián hòu wǒmen zàijiàn! [Pinyin]
       We will meet again after one year!

#### Synonyms

* 再會／再会 (zàihuì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 再見(さいけん) (saiken)
* → Vietnamese: tái kiến (再見)

### Further reading

* “再見”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 見 |
| さい Grade: 5 | けん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 再見 (MC tsojH kenH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいけん [sàíkéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠ikẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

再(さい)見(けん) • (saiken)
* looking at again, watching again, seeing again
** c. 759, Man’yōshū: (book 5, foreword to poems 794-799)
    ...泉門一掩、無由再見、嗚呼哀哉...(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Verb

再(さい)見(けん)する • (saiken suru) suru (stem 再(さい)見(けん)し (saiken shi), past 再(さい)見(けん)した (saiken shita))
* to look again; to watch again
    日(に)本(ほん)撮(さつ)影(えい)を再(さい)見(けん)しよう！ ― Nihon satsuei o saiken shiyō! ― Let's have another look at the Japanese cinematography!

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 再見し | さいけんし | saiken shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 再見し | さいけんし | saiken shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 再見する | さいけんする | saiken suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 再見する | さいけんする | saiken suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 再見すれ | さいけんすれ | saiken sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 再見せよ¹ 再見しろ² | さいけんせよ¹ さいけんしろ² | saiken seyo¹ saiken shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 再見される | さいけんされる | saiken sareru |
| Causative | 再見させる 再見さす | さいけんさせる さいけんさす | saiken saseru saiken sasu |
| Potential | 再見できる | さいけんできる | saiken dekiru |
| Volitional | 再見しよう | さいけんしよう | saiken shiyō |
| Negative | 再見しない | さいけんしない | saiken shinai |
| Negative continuative | 再見せず | さいけんせず | saiken sezu |
| Formal | 再見します | さいけんします | saiken shimasu |
| Perfective | 再見した | さいけんした | saiken shita |
| Conjunctive | 再見して | さいけんして | saiken shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 再見すれば | さいけんすれば | saiken sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 見 |
| つぁい Grade: 5 | ちぇん Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||
Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 見 |
| つぁい Grade: 5 | ちえん Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||
Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 見 |
| さい Grade: 5 | ちぇん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | irregular |
Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 見 |
| ざい Grade: 5 | ちぇん Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 再見 – see the following entries. :
| 【ツァイチェン】 | [noun] 再見: (informal, rare, in a Chinese context) goodbye, see you later |
| 【ツァイチエン】 | [noun] Alternative form of ツァイチェン |
| 【サイチェン】 | [noun] Alternative form of ツァイチェン |
| 【ザイチェン】 | [noun] Alternative form of ツァイチェン |
(This term, 再見, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) :

#### Usage notes

* Usually written in katakana to avoid ambiguity.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN