OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 相好
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiānghǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ㄏㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$ hou$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siông-hó
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng-hō̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siong-hó / siang-hó
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^1$ ho$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiānghǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄏㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sianghǎo
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^1$-hao$^3$
*** Yale: syāng-hǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianghao
*** Palladius: сянхао (sjanxao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$ hou$^2$
*** Yale: sēung hóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$ hou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$ hou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵ hou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siông-hó
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˊ$ ho$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^1$ ho$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ²⁴ ho³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng-hō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋo³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-hó
*** Tâi-lô: siong-hó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sionghoir
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siɔŋ³³ ho⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-hó
*** Tâi-lô: siang-hó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sianghoir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siang$^1$ ho$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siang hó
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³³⁻²³ ho⁵²/

### Verb

相好
* to be on intimate terms
* to have an affair

### Noun

相好
* intimate friend
* lover; mistress

#### Synonyms

* (intimate friend):
* 上好 (Min Nan)
* 伴侶 / 伴侣 (bànlǚ)
* 匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu) (literary)
* 好的 (Philippine Hokkien)
* 妃耦 (pèi'ǒu) (literary)
* 對象 / 对象 (duìxiàng)
* 對頭 / 对头
* 搭頭的 / 搭头的 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 配偶 (pèi'ǒu) (formal)
* (mistress): 姘頭／姘头 (pīntóu)
# Capitol
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Capitolie, in historical sense, from Latin Capitōlium. Other meanings from specific instances of capitol, q.v. As a French town hall, a calque of French Capitole.

### Proper noun

Capitol
* Any particular capitol, particularly:
** (historical) The citadel and temples on the Capitoline Hill in Ancient Rome.
** The town hall of Toulouse, France.
** The building in Washington, D.C., in which both houses of the Congress of the United States meet.
*** 1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956‎, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3:ON January 20, 1953, I stood on a platform at the East Front of the Capitol in Washington to take the oath, administered by Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, as the thirty-fourth President of the United States — an office I was to hold for eight years.
** (US, with context or qualifier) The chief building in any state capital in which the state legislature meets.

#### Synonyms

* (Roman Capitol): See Capitoline Hill
* (Toulouse Capitol): Capitole

#### Derived terms

* Capitolian
* Capitol Site

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* pit coal, optical, pitcoal, coalpit, topical, Policat, coal pit, lipcoat
# spalvainākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

spalvainākā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of spalvaināks

### Adjective

spalvainākā
* inflection of spalvainākais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# Calutan
## English
### Proper noun

Calutan
* A barangay of Dagami, Leyte, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Abaca, Abre, Balilit, Balugo, Banayon, Bayabas, Bolirao, Buenavista, Buntay, Caanislagan, Cabariwan, Cabuloran, Cabunga-an, Calipayan, Calsadahay, Caluctogan, Calutan, Camono-an, Candagara, Canlingga, Cansamada East, Cansamada West, Capulhan, Digahungan, Guinarona, Hiabangan, Hilabago, Hinabuyan, Hinologan, Hitomnog, Katipunan, Lapu-Lapu, Lobe-Lobe, Lobe-Lobe East, Los Martires, Lusad, Macaalang, Maliwaliw, Maragongdong, Ormocay, Palacio, Panda, Paraiso, Patoc, Plaridel, Poponton, Rizal, Salvacion, Sampaguita, Sampao East, Sampao West, San Antonio, San Benito, San Jose, San Roque, Santa Mesa, Santo Domingo, Sawahon, Sirab, Tagkip, Talinhugon, Tin-ao, Tunga, Tuya, Victoria — barangays of Dagami
# 等不及
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): děngbùjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dang$^2$ bat$^1$ kap$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: děngbùjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: děngbùjí
*** Wade–Giles: têng$^3$-pu$^4$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: děng-bù-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: deengbujyi
*** Palladius: дэнбуцзи (dɛnbuczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dang$^2$ bat$^1$ kap$^6$
*** Yale: dáng bāt kahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dang$^2$ bat$^7$ kap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deng$^2$ bed$^1$ keb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐŋ³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ kʰɐp̚²/

### Verb

等不及
* to be unable to wait; can't wait to ...

#### Synonyms

* 單望勿得 / 单望勿得 (Wu)
* 宜得 (ji$^4$ dak$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 巴不到 (dialectal Mandarin)
* 巴不得 (colloquial)
* 巴不得己 (Gan)
* 巴不求得 (dialectal Mandarin)
* 巴不的 (dialectal Mandarin)
* 巴不的的 (dialectal Mandarin)
* 巴不能得 (Gan)
* 巴勿得 ($^1$po-veq-teq) (Wu)
* 巴勿扎得 ($^1$po-veq-tsaq-teq) (Wu)
* 巴勿能 (Wu)
* 巴唔得 (dialectal Hakka)
* 巴弗得 (Wu)
* 巴望不得 (Wu)
* 恨不得 (hènbude)
* 恨不能 (hènbunéng)
# true seal
## English
### Noun

true seal (plural true seals)
* Any of the seals in the taxonomic family Phocidae; earless seal.

#### Synonyms

* earless seal

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* resalute
# πολέμοις
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /po.lé.moi̯s/ → /poˈle.mys/ → /poˈle.mis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /po.lé.moi̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /poˈle.mys/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /poˈle.mys/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /poˈle.mys/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /poˈle.mis/

### Noun

πολέμοις • (polémois)
* dative plural of πόλεμος (pólemos)
# ŋgìlìŋ
## Zulgo-Gemzek
### Noun

ŋgìlìŋ
* monkey
# имтиханда
## Tatar
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i̠m.tʲi̠.ˈχända]
* Hyphenation: им‧ти‧хан‧да

### Noun

имтиханда • (imtixanda)
* locative singular of имтихан (imtixan)
# wæpnwifestre
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* wǣpenwīfestre

### Etymology

From wǣpn (“penis”) + wīf (“woman”) + -estre (“-ster”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwæːpnˌwiː.fes.tre/, [ˈwæːpnˌwiː.ves.tre]

### Noun

wǣpnwīfestre f (nominative plural wǣpnwīfestran)
* intersex (literally "penis-woman")

#### Declension

Weak:
# 挥汗如雨
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 挥汗如雨 – see 揮汗如雨 (“to sweat buckets; to sweat profusely”). (This term is the simplified form of 揮汗如雨).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# օսմաներեն
## Armenian
### Etymology

From օսման (ōsman) +‎ -երեն (-eren).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /osmɑneˈɾen/, [osmɑneɾén]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /osmɑneˈɾen/, [osmɑneɾén]

### Noun

օսմաներեն • (ōsmaneren) (traditional orthography spelling օսմաներէն)
* Ottoman Turkish (language)

#### Declension
### Adverb

օսմաներեն • (ōsmaneren) (traditional orthography spelling օսմաներէն)
* in Ottoman Turkish

### Adjective

օսմաներեն • (ōsmaneren) (traditional orthography spelling օսմաներէն)
* of or pertaining to the Ottoman Turkish language
# Numenius borealis
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Numenius borealis f
* A taxonomic species within the family Scolopacidae – Eskimo curlew.

### References

* Numenius borealis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Numenius borealis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Numenius borealis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# Kelchblatts
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Kelchblatts
* genitive singular of Kelchblatt
# چارشف
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* چارشاف (çârşaf)

### Etymology

From چادر شب (çâdır-ı şeb), from Persian چادر شب (čâdar-e šab).

### Noun

چارشف • (çârşaf)
* bedsheet
* large veil that covers the entire body
* (Islam) jilbab

#### Descendants

* Turkish: çarşaf
* → Albanian: çarçaf, çarshaf
* → Arabic: شَرْشَف (šaršaf)
* → Armenian: չարշաֆ (čʻaršaf), չարշավ (čʻaršav), չարսաֆ (čʻarsaf), չարսավ (čʻarsav), չարսափ (čʻarsapʻ), շարշափ (šaršapʻ)
* → Aromanian: circeafe, cirshafe
* → Bashkir: шаршау (şarşaw)
* → Bulgarian: чарша́ф (čaršáf)
* → Greek: τσαρτσάφι (tsartsáfi)
* → Northern Kurdish: çarşef, çarşev
* → Macedonian: чаршаф (čaršaf)
* → Romanian: cearșaf, cearceaf
* → Serbo-Croatian: čàršaf / ча̀ршаф

### References

* Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, page 614
* Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “488. čirčáfe.”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 110
# diod
## Swedish
### Noun

diod c
* a diode

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | diod | diods |
| singular | definite | dioden | diodens |
| plural | indefinite | dioder | dioders |
| plural | definite | dioderna | diodernas |

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dī-āti-s, probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”). Cognate with Old Irish deug (“drink”); see there for more theories.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdiː.ɔd/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

diod f (plural diodydd)
* drink, beverage

#### Derived terms

* diod fain (“small beer”)
* diod feddwol (“intoxicant”)
* diod ffrwythau (“squash”)
* diod gadarn (“strong drink”)
* diod sinsir (“ginger beer”)
* diod-offrwm (“drink-offering, libation”)
* diota (“to booze”)
* diotwr (“drinker, boozer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “diod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# Boizenburger
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɔɪ̯t͡sn̩ˌbʊʁɡɐ]
* Hyphenation: Boi‧zen‧bur‧ger

### Noun

Boizenburger m (strong, genitive Boizenburgers, plural Boizenburger, feminine Boizenburgerin)
* a native or inhabitant of Boizenburg

#### Declension
### Adjective

Boizenburger (indeclinable, no predicative form)
* (relational) of Boizenburg

#### Usage notes

* Words like this are considered indeclinable adjectives, as noted by Duden, DWDS and other modern German references, but are capitalized because they originated as genitive plurals of substantives. See -er for more.
# Աշխեն
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian Աշխէն (Ašxēn); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃˈχen/, [ɑʃχén]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃˈχen/, [ɑʃχén]

### Proper noun

Աշխեն • (Ašxen) (traditional orthography spelling Աշխէն)
* a female given name
# filateli
## Danish
### Noun

filateli c (singular definite filatelien, not used in plural form)
* philately

#### Related terms

* filatelist
* filatelistisk

### References

* “filateli” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Perhaps from Dutch filatelie, from French philatélie.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /filaˈteli/ [fi.laˈt̪e.li]
* Rhymes: -eli
* Syllabification: fi‧la‧te‧li

### Noun

filateli
* philately (stamp collecting)
* philately (the study of postage stamps, postal routes, postal history, etc.)

### Further reading

* “filateli” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Created from Greek (see English philately), possibly via French philatélie

### Noun

filateli m (definite singular filatelien)
* philately

#### Related terms

* filatelist
* filatelistisk
* frimerkesamling

### References

* “filateli” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Created from Greek (see English philately), possibly via French philatélie

### Noun

filateli m (definite singular filatelien)
* philately

#### Related terms

* filatelist
* filatelistisk
* frimerkesamling

### References

* “filateli” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French philatélie.

### Noun

filateli c
* philately

#### Declension
### Further reading

* filateli in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# absciss
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut asunder”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈæb.sɪs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈæb.sɪs/
* Rhymes: -æbsɪs

#### Noun

absciss (plural abscisses)
* Alternative form of abscissa [First attested in the late 17th century.]

##### Derived terms

* absciss layer

### Etymology 2

Back-formation from abscission.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əbˈsɪs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /æbˈsɪs/
* Rhymes: -ɪs

#### Verb

absciss (third-person singular simple present abscisses, present participle abscissing, simple past and past participle abscissed)
* (transitive) To cut off by abscission. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
* (intransitive) To separate (as a leaf from a twig) by abscission. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

##### Translations
### References

* 1 2 3 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absciss”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.
# безпечносц
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak bezpečnosť. Cognates include Czech bezpečnost and Slovak bezpečnosť. By surface analysis, безпечни (bezpečni) +‎ -осц (-osc).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɛzˈpɛt͡ʃnɔst͡s]
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ʃnɔst͡s
* Hyphenation: без‧печ‧носц

### Noun

безпечносц (bezpečnosc) f
* safety, safeness
    Synonyms: бизовносц (bizovnosc), сиґурносц (sigurnosc)
* security
    Synonyms: бизовносц (bizovnosc), сиґурносц (sigurnosc)
    Совит безпечносци ― Sovit bezpečnosci ― Security Council
* sureness, surety
    Synonyms: бизовносц (bizovnosc), сиґурносц (sigurnosc)

#### Declension
### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “безпечносц”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “safety”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 261
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “security”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 269
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “sureness”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 314
# abscissa
## English
### Etymology

By ellipsis from Latin [linea] abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut off”). See abscind.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /æbˈsɪs.ə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: ab‧scis‧sa

### Noun

abscissa (plural abscissas or abscissae or abscissæ)
* (geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]
    Coordinate term: ordinate
    The point $(3,2)$ has 3 as its abscissa and 2 as its ordinate.
* (geometry) The horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown.
    Coordinate term: ordinate

#### Usage notes

Originally, it referred to the portion of a line between a fixed point on that line and the intersection of that line with an ordinate.

#### Synonyms

* absciss

#### Hypernyms

* (first of two coordinates): coordinate
* (horizontal line): axis

#### See also

* abscissa on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* ordinate
* applicate

### References

* 1 2 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abscissa”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“tear away”).

#### Pronunciation 1
##### Noun

abscissa f (genitive abscissae); first declension
* (New Latin, mathematics) abscissa

###### Declension

First-declension noun.

###### Descendants

* → English: abscissa
* → Irish: aibsíse
* → Norwegian Bokmål: abscisse
** → Northern Sami: abskissa
* → Portuguese: abscissa
* → Italian: ascissa

#### Pronunciation 2
##### Noun

abscissā f
* ablative singular of abscissa

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

abscissa
* inflection of abscissus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

#### Participle

abscissā
* ablative feminine singular of abscissus

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* abcissa (Portugal)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.biˈsi.sɐ/, /abˈsi.sɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.biˈsi.sɐ/, /abˈsi.sɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /abˈsi.sa/, /a.biˈsi.sa/
* Hyphenation: abs‧cis‧sa

### Noun

abscissa f (plural abscissas) (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)
* (geometry) abscissa (first of two coordinates)

#### Coordinate terms

* ordenada

## Swedish
### Noun

abscissa c
* Alternative spelling of abskissa; abscissa

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | abscissa | abscissas |
| singular | definite | abscissan | abscissans |
| plural | indefinite | abscissor | abscissors |
| plural | definite | abscissorna | abscissornas |
# ¿ ?

| ¿ | U+00BF, &#191; INVERTED QUESTION MARK |
| ← ¾ [U+00BE] | Latin-1 Supplement | À → [U+00C0] |
| ? | U+003F, &#63; QUESTION MARK |
| ← > [U+003E] | Basic Latin | @ → [U+0040] |

## Translingual
### Punctuation mark

* Encloses a question in some languages.

#### Usage notes

The symbols are called, in English:
* ¿ = rotated question mark (also 'turned', 'inverted')
* ? = question mark

### See also
## Catalan
### Punctuation mark

* occasionally encloses a question in modern Catalan; at other times, a lone question mark is used at the end with nothing at the beginning of the question

#### Usage notes

* ⟨¿⟩ is used at the beginning of a question, with ⟨?⟩ at the end; however, it is not mandatory to use ⟨¿⟩.

#### See also
## Ladino
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Spanish ¿ ?

### Punctuation mark

* encloses a question in Judezmo; equivalent in English and many other languages: ?
    Synonym: ?
    Coordinate term: ¡ !
** 1886, אלכסנדר טומסון, אלה תולדות בני ישראל: קיירי דיזיר סיינטו אי דייז אי סייטי קואינטוס, טיראדוס דיל ארבעה ועשרים אי די לאס איסטוריאס אנטיגואס : פארה איל אוזו די לוס ישראליטאס פרוטיסטאנטיס‎, דפוס א"ה בוייאג'יאן, pages 44–45:¿קי מי אפרובﬞיגﬞארה לה פרימוגﬞיניטורה?What will make use of the precedence for me?

#### Usage notes

* The inverted question mark is not compulsory in Judezmo as it is in modern Spanish; some writers, even in the most formal writing, simply never use it at all.

## Spanish
### Punctuation mark

* encloses a question in Spanish; equivalent in English and many other languages: ?
    ¿Cómo estás? ― How are you?
    Si tú fuiste, ¿a qué hora llegaste? ― If you went, at what time did you arrive?

#### Usage notes

* In written Spanish, the ⟨¿⟩ mark is placed at the beginning of an interrogative phrase, with the ⟨?⟩ at the end of the phrase. As SMS messaging and other forms of electronic communication have become more common, many speakers only use ⟨?⟩ for questions and ⟨!⟩ for exclamations, leaving out the initial typographical mark. This is considered non-standard usage.

#### Coordinate terms
### Further reading

* Rotated question and exclamation marks on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish ¿ ?.

### Punctuation mark

¿ ? (obsolete)
* encloses a question in Tagalog

#### Usage notes

* In writing, the ⟨¿⟩ mark is placed at the beginning of an interrogative phrase, with the ⟨?⟩ at the end of the phrase.
* Spanish punctuation fell out of use after World War 2. Tagalog and other Philippine languages now follow a more internationalized punctuation like in English, where only a single ⟨?⟩ is placed at the end of a sentence. Sometimes, English punctuation convention like the Oxford comma is used altogether.
# блокада Ленинграда
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɫɐˈkadə lʲɪnʲɪnˈɡradə]

### Proper noun

блока́да Ленингра́да • (blokáda Leningráda) f inan (genitive блока́ды Ленингра́да)
* (history) Siege of Leningrad (the military blockade of the city of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by German, Finnish and Spanish troops with the participation of volunteers from North Africa, Europe and the Italian naval forces during World War II, which lasted from September 8, 1941, to January 27, 1944)

#### Declension
### See also

* блокада Калининграда (blokada Kaliningrada, “blockade of Kaliningrad (2022)”)
# Schalthebel
## German
### Etymology

From Schalter +‎ Hebel or schalten +‎ Hebel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃaltˌheːbəl/, [ˈʃaltˌheːbl̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Schalt‧he‧bel
* Rhymes: -eːbl̩

### Noun

Schalthebel m (strong, genitive Schalthebels, plural Schalthebel)
* switch lever (any lever used to switch a device on or off)
* (automotive, especially) gear shift, gear lever
    Synonyms: Schaltknüppel, Ganghebel, Wählhebel, Schaltknauf

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Schalthebel” in Duden online
* “Schalthebel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Schalthebel” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# Schaltknüppel
## German
### Etymology

schalten +‎ Knüppel

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃaltˌknʏpəl/, [ˈʃaltˌknʏpl̩]
* Hyphenation: Schalt‧knüp‧pel
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Schaltknüppel m (strong, genitive Schaltknüppels, plural Schaltknüppel)
* Synonym of Schalthebel (“lever used to change gears in a vehicle”)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Schaltknüppel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Schaltknüppel” in Duden online
* “Schaltknüppel” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon