# 鐘

| 鐘 | U+9418, &#37912; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9418 |
| ← 鐗 [U+9417] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鐙 → [U+9419] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鐘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿土 (CYTG), four-corner 8011$_4$, composition ⿰釒童)

#### Derived characters

* 𢺚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1323, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40902
* Dae Jaweon: page 1822, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4258, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9418

## Chinese

* 鐘姓

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鐘 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ). It indicates a bell, including a bronze large bell used in rituals in ancient China.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җун (žun, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cé̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tson
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җун (žun, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiong
*** Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, ciofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/, /t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
* cheng - vernacular;
* chiong - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鐘 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡suŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡suəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡suŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡soŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡soŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕyɔ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡san¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡suŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡syŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡seŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /toŋ²³/ /t͡soŋ²³/ /t͡siaŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyowng
Rime :
| Character | 鐘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職容切 |
| Baxter | tsyowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*toŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjoŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鐘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*toŋ/ |
| English | bell |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐘 | 鐘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17465 | 17467 |
| Phonetic component | 重 | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鍾 | 鍾 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjoŋ/ | /*tjoŋ/ |

### Definitions

鐘
* bell (Classifier: 架; 座)
       Nà ge zhōng měi xiǎoshí xiǎng yīcì. [Pinyin]
       That bell rings once every hour.
* clock (Classifier: 架; 座)
       Zhè ge zhōng kuài le, suǒyǐ wǒ bǎ tā jiàozhǔn le. [Pinyin]
       The clock was fast so I corrected it.
* time measured in hours and minutes
    點鐘／点钟 ― diǎnzhōng ― o'clock
    分鐘／分钟 ― fēnzhōng ― minute
    秒鐘／秒钟 ― miǎozhōng ― second
* (Cantonese) hour (Classifier: 個／个; 粒; 句)
       jat$^1$ go$^3$ zung$^1$ ling$^4$ sap$^6$ ng$^5$ fan$^1$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping]
       one hour and fifteen minutes
    斷鐘計／断钟计 [Cantonese] ― dyun$^3$ zung$^1$ gai$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to be counted in hours
* (Cantonese, in general) time
    夠鐘／够钟 [Cantonese] ― gau$^3$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― it's time
    揼波鐘／揼波钟 [Cantonese] ― dam$^6$ bo$^1$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to stall for time
* (Cantonese, colloquial) (the length or time period of) sexual services, such as that of prostitutes
    彈鐘／弹钟 [Cantonese] ― daan$^6$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to reject a prostitute
    落鐘／落钟 [Cantonese] ― lok$^6$ zung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (of a sexual service) to end
* (historical) metal ceremonial percussion instrument hung from a rack and struck with a mallet
* Alternative form of 鍾 / 钟 (zhōng, “unit of capacity”)
* a surname

#### Usage notes

* The surname (鐘／钟 (zhōng)) is different from the surname 鍾／锺 (zhōng).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小時 ‡, 鐘頭 †, 鐘點 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小時 ‡, 鐘頭 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鐘頭 †, 鐘點兒 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 小時 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小時 †, 鐘頭 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鐘頭 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鐘頭兒 †, 鐘點兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鐘頭兒 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鐘頭 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鐘頭子 † |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鐘 †, *, 鐘頭 †, 點鐘 × |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鐘 †, §, 鐘頭 † |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鐘頭 † |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 點鐘 × |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鐘 † |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 鐘 † |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鐘 † |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鐘頭 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鐘頭 † |
| Hakka | Meixian | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 點鐘 × |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 點鐘 × |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鐘頭 † |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鐘頭 † |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 點鐘 ×, 鐘頭 ¶ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 點鐘 × |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 點鐘 × |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鐘頭 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 點鐘 × |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鐘 †, 鐘頭 †, 點鐘 × |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 點鐘 × |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鐘頭 † |
| Wu | Danyang | 鐘頭 † |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鐘頭 † |
| Note | † - requires the classifier 個; ‡ - can be used with or without the classifier 個; § - requires the classifier 粒; * - requires the classifier 句; ¶ - requires the classifier 隻; × - cannot be used with a classifier | † - requires the classifier 個; ‡ - can be used with or without the classifier 個; § - requires the classifier 粒; * - requires the classifier 句; ¶ - requires the classifier 隻; × - cannot be used with a classifier |

### Compounds

* A鐘 / A钟
* 出鐘 / 出钟
* 分鐘 / 分钟 (fēnzhōng)
* 原子鐘 / 原子钟 (yuánzǐzhōng)
* 彈鐘 / 弹钟
* 打鐘 / 打钟
* 掩耳盜鐘 / 掩耳盗钟
* 掛鐘 / 挂钟 (guàzhōng)
* 揼波鐘 / 揼波钟
* 旺鐘 / 旺钟
* 時鐘 / 时钟 (shízhōng)
* 棋鐘 / 棋钟 (qízhōng)
* 私鐘 / 私钟
* 秒鐘 / 秒钟 (miǎozhōng)
* 管鐘 / 管钟 (guǎnzhōng)
* 編鐘 / 编钟 (biānzhōng)
* 老爺鐘 / 老爷钟 (lǎoyézhōng)
* 試鐘 / 试钟
* 警鐘 / 警钟 (jǐngzhōng)
* 買鐘 / 买钟
* 過鐘 / 过钟
* 鎛鐘 / 镈钟
* 鐘乳石 / 钟乳石 (zhōngrǔshí)
* 鐘擺 / 钟摆 (zhōngbǎi)
* 鐘樓 / 钟楼 (zhōnglóu)
* 鐘片琴 / 钟片琴 (zhōngpiànqín)
* 鐘琴 / 钟琴 (zhōngqín)
* 鐘簴 / 钟簴
* 鐘虡 / 钟虡
* 鐘頭 / 钟头 (zhōngtóu)
* 鐘點 / 钟点 (zhōngdiǎn)
* 鐘點工 / 钟点工 (zhōngdiǎngōng)
* 鐘鼎文 / 钟鼎文 (zhōngdǐngwén)
* 香鐘 / 香钟
* 鬧鐘 / 闹钟 (nàozhōng)
* 齋鐘 / 斋钟

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鐘(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 종(鐘) (jong)
Others
* → Middle Vietnamese: chuâng
** Vietnamese: chuông

### References

* “鐘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かね (kane, 鐘, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 黄鐘調(おうしきちょう) (ōshikichō)
* 編鐘(へんしょう) (henshō): bianzhong

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鐘
* かね Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かね [kàné] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ne̞]

#### Noun

鐘(かね) • (kane)
* bell

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鐘
* しょう Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

鐘(しょう) • (shō)
* bell

##### Derived terms

* 鐘楼(しょうろう) (shōrō)
* 巨鐘(きょしょう) (kyoshō)
* 警鐘(けいしょう) (keishō)
* 半鐘(はんしょう) (hanshō)
* 晩鐘(ばんしょう) (banshō)
* 暮鐘(ぼしょう) (boshō)
* 鳴鐘(めいしょう) (meishō)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [종]

### Hanja

Wikisource 鐘 (eumhun 쇠북 종 (soebuk jong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鐘: Hán Nôm readings: chung, chuông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.