# քամակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian քամակ (kʻamak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰɑˈmɑk/, [kʰɑmɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑˈmɑɡ/, [kʰɑmɑ́ɡ]

### Noun

քամակ • (kʻamak) (colloquial, dialectal)
* back (the rear part of the body)
    Synonym: մեջք (meǰkʻ)
* butt, buttocks, ass
    Synonym: հետույք (hetuykʻ)
* the back, the back part
    Քամակիս մի՛ կանգնի։ ― Kʻamakis mí kangni. ― Don't stand at my back!

#### Declension
### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “քամակ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 1093b

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Since Lidén usually connected with Latvian kamiesis (“shoulder”) and Old Prussian caymoys (“shoulder”) and derived from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, to curve”). It is assumed the Iranian-origin suffix +‎ -ակ (-ak) was added to a native stem. However, the derivation of the Baltic terms from this root is problematic.
More likely, as Dervischjan suggested, borrowed from an Iranian reflex of the same Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-: compare Persian کمان (kamân, “bow, arch, arc”), کمر (kamar, “waist; girdle; arch, cupola, dome, arched bridge”), Yagnobi кама (kama, “neck, nape of the neck”), Roshani puǰumc, Khufi paǰumc (“pad worn on back to carry a burden”), the latter two from Proto-Iranian *pati-kama-ča-. For the Iranian words see ESIJa, without the Armenian.
Kurdish k̄amak̄a, glossed with Italian culata and found only in Garzoni, may be related.
Note also Old Armenian քամահ-եմ (kʻamah-em, “to disdain, to despise”).

### Noun

քամակ • (kʻamak)
* back (the rear part of the body)
** 5th century, Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History VIII.12: […] և կիսոցն կապար հալեալ ի կրակի, և ի հրածորան յեռանդան անդ ի վերայ թիկանց և քամակի նոցա հեղուին, և անդամք որ առաւել կարևորք էին ի մարմնի անդ՝ խորովէին։[…] ew kisocʻn kapar haleal i kraki, ew i hracoran yeṙandan and i veray tʻikancʻ ew kʻamaki nocʻa hełuin, ew andamkʻ or aṙawel kareworkʻ ēin i marmni and, xorovēin.Melted lead, bubbling and boiling with the heat, was poured down the backs of others, and they were roasted in the most sensitive parts of the body.
** 5th century, Ephrem the Syrian, Meknutʻiwn Erkrord orinacʻ [Commentary on Deuteronomy] :Զի թէպէտ և կատարի այս ի վերայ Մովսիսի, որ կոտորեաց նա յանցս Յորդանան գետոյ զթագաւորսն ամուրհացւոց, սակայն և ոչ առ Փենեհէս օտար է այս, այն որ ցցեաց զտէգն իւր ի քամակ Զամբրեայ նահապետին շմաւոնեանց գնդին՝ թշնամւոյն Ղևեայ։Zi tʻēpēt ew katari ays i veray Movsisi, or kotoreacʻ na yancʻs Yordanan getoy ztʻagaworsn amurhacʻwocʻ, sakayn ew očʻ aṙ Pʻenehēs ōtar ē ays, ayn or cʻcʻeacʻ ztēgn iwr i kʻamak Zambreay nahapetin šmawoneancʻ gndin, tʻšnamwoyn Łeweay.

#### Derived terms

* կորաքամակութիւն (korakʻamakutʻiwn)
* քամակաբեկ (kʻamakabek)
* քամակակոտոր (kʻamakakotor)
* քամակակոր (kʻamakakor)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: քամակ (kʻamak)

### References

* ↑ Garzoni, Maurizio (1787) Grammatica e vocabolario della lingua kurda, Rome: typis Sacrae Congr. de Propag. Fide, page 125
* ↑ Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 159a
* ↑ Čarean, Abraham (1877) Ewsebiosi Kesaracʻwoy Patmutʻiwn ekełecʻwoy yełeal yasorwoyn i hay i hingerord daru [The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea translated from Syriac into Armenian in the fifth century], accompanied with a modern Armenian translation from the Greek original, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 646
* ↑ Epʻrem Xori Asori (1836) Srboyn Epʻremi matenagrutʻiwnkʻ. Hator aṙaǰin. Meknutʻiwn Araracocʻ, Elicʻ, Łewtacʻwocʻ, Tʻuocʻ, Ōrinacʻ, Yesuay, Dataworacʻ, Tʻagaworutʻeancʻ ew Mnacʻordacʻ [Collected works of Ephrem the Syrian. Volume I: Commentaries on Gen., Ex., Lev., Num., Deut, Josh., Ju., Kings, Chron.] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 286

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “քամակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “քամակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 548ab
* Buck, Carl Darling (1949) A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, page 236a
* Dervischjan, P. Seraphin (1877) Armeniaca I: Das Altarmenische (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 31
* Tērvišean, Serovbē (1885) Hndewropakan naxalezu [The Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 69
* Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 191–193, 196–199
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 130, 173
* Lidén, Evald (1906) Armenische Studien (in German), Göteborg: Wald. Zachrissons, page 30
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “քամակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Specht, Franz (1947) Der Ursprung der Indogermanischen Deklination‎, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 165, 207, 217
* Tʻireakʻean, Yarutʻiwn (1914) “քամակ”, in Ariahay baṙaran : Norog tesutʻeambkʻ ew yaweluacovkʻ [Armeno-Aryan Dictionary] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 370, deriving from Persian کمک (komak, “assistance”), but this is a Turkic borrowing
* Vladimir Toporov (1980) “caymoys”, in Vyacheslav Ivanov, editor, Прусский язык [Old Prussian language] (in Russian), volume 3, Nauka, page 155