# دست
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دست (dast, literally “hand”) and دشت (dašt, “plain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dast/
* (colloquially in the cauldron sense also): IPA: /dist/

### Noun

دَسْت • (dast) m (plural دُسُوت (dusūt))
* boiler, cauldron, kettle, cupola etc.
    Near-synonym: صَاج (ṣāj)
** 1226, محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن الكريم الكاتب البغدادي [Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad bin al-Karīm al-Baḡdādīy], “الباب التاسع في ذكر الحلاوات وأصنافها”, in كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, Hindawi Foundation, published 2018, →ISBN, page 75:مكفن يؤخذ رطل سكر وثلث رطل لوز أو فستق، فيُدَق الجميع ناعمًا، ويُعجن بماء الورد عجنًا قويًّا، ثم يُطرح في الدست أوقية شَيْرَج، ويُحَل نصف رطل سكر فيُعمل جُلَّابًا، فإذا غلى الشَّيْرَج طُرح عليه ثلث الجُلَّاب، ويواصل تحريكه، ثم يُطرح عليه أوقية نشا مُدافًا بماء، ولا يزال يُحرَّك حتى ينعقد، ثم يُطرح على بلاطة ناعمة حتى يبرد، ويُبسط قطعًا صغارًا مربَّعة قدر الكف، ثم يُجعل عليه شيء من ذلك السكر واللوز والمعجون، ويُلَف على هيئة الأوساط، ثم يُذَر عليه السكر المطيَّب ويُرفع.Mukaffan One takes a rottol of sugar and a third of a rottol of almond and pistachio, then pounds all fine, and kneads with rosewater heartily, then throws an ounce of sesame oil in a kettle, and dissolves half a rottol of sugar, and produces rosewater syrup, and when the sesame oil boils a third of the rosewater syrup is thrown upon it, connected by working it in a bit, then one throws upon it an ounce of starch diluted with water, then one continues to work it in until it becomes a slop, then on casts it upon a thin slate until it cools off, then it is spread into small strands quadrupled after the size of the handpalm, then one applies upon it some of that sugar and the almond and the dough and rolls in around the centres, then one scatters upon it the seasoned sugar and finishes.
* (archaic) seat, throne, cathedra etc.
    Synonym: مَجْلِس (majlis)
* (obsolete) a cushioning, carpeting, resting place, place of honor
* (obsolete) pack of clothes, apparel, dress that accompanies a man of honour
* (obsolete) assembly, company
    Synonym: مَجْلِس (majlis)
* (obsolete) plain; desert
* (obsolete) a match of playing cards or chess or contest fighting etc.
* (obsolete, figurative) hand, power, authority; lead in a game of cards etc.; pomp
* (obsolete) quire of paper
    Near-synonyms: يَد (yad), مَاعُون (māʕūn), رِزْمَة (rizma), دَسْتَج (dastaj), حُزْمَة (ḥuzma), كُرَّاسَة (kurrāsa)

#### Derived terms

* دُسَيْت (dusayt, “little match”, diminutive)

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دست”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 440b–441a
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “دست”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 29a
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دست”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 695
* Quatremère, Étienne Marc (1845) Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte. Tome second, deuzième partie.‎ (in French), Paris: Oriental Translation Fund, pages 236–239
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دست”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 361
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “دست”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 288a. Older editions don’t know the vocalization of دَسْت (dast) in the boiler sense.

## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *jástah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰés-to- (“hand”), from *ǵʰes-.

### Noun

دست • (dast)
* hand

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* دس (das) (dialectal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (YDH /⁠dast⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (dasta), from Proto-Iranian *jástah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”).
Compare Northern Kurdish dest, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta), Sogdian ܕܣܛ (ẟast-, “hand”), Sanskrit हस्त (hasta), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Albanian dorë (“hand”), Tocharian A tsar, Latin hīr (“hand”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dast]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äst̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äst̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɪst̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ist̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æst̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äst̪]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | دست |
| Iranian Persian | دست |
| Tajik | даст |
دَسْت • (dast) (plural دستان (dastân) or دست‌ها (dast-hâ))
* (anatomy) hand
* (anatomy) arm
* hand (side; part, camp; direction, either right or left)
** 11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
    خواجه امیر حسنک را هر چند خواست که پیش وی بنشیند نگذاشت و بر دست راست من و دست راست خواجه ابوالقاسم کثیر و بونصر مشکان بنشاند، هر چند ابوالقاسم کثیر معزول بود، اما حرمتش سخت بزرگ بود و بوسهل بر دست چپ خواجه، از این نیز سخت‌تر بتابیدAlthough Amir Hasanak wanted to sit near him, Khwajah [Ahmad] didn't let it, and seated him at my right-hand, and at Khwajah Abul-Qasim Kasir's and Bu Nasr Mushkan's right-hand—although Abul-Qasim Kasir was deposed, his reverence was so great—and [seated] Bu Sahl at Khwajah's left-hand; he [Bu Sahl] was outraged even more because of this.

#### Derived terms

* از دست دادن (az dast dâdan)
* از دست رفتن (az dast raftan)
* به دست آوردن (be dast âvardan)
* دست انداختن (dast andâxtan)
* دستکش (dastkeš)
* دستکند (dastkand)
* دستی (dasti)
* دست‌فروش (dast-foruš)
* دست‌فروشی (dast-foruši)

#### Related terms

* دسته (daste)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: dəst
* → Bengali: দস্ত (dosto)
* → Gujarati: દસ્ત (dast)
* → Gulf Arabic: دست (dast, “glove”) (Kuwait)
* → Hindi: दस्त (dast)
* → Kumzari: دست

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 372