# hoste
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan oste, from Latin hospitem. Cognates include Occitan òste, French hôte (Old French oste), Spanish huésped, Italian ospite.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈɔs.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈɔs.te]

### Noun

hoste m (plural hostes, feminine hostessa)
* guest

#### Usage notes

* Hoste is used for a guest who stays overnight, who is lodged for free. For a guest who does not stay overnight (eg, a dinner guest), see convidat.

#### Related terms

* hostal

### References

* “hoste” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “hoste”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “hoste” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “hoste” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦostɛ]

### Noun

hoste m
* vocative singular of host

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse hósti (“a cough”), hósta (“to cough”), from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European *kwas- (“to cough”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hoːstə/, [ˈhoːsd̥ə]

#### Noun

hoste c (singular definite hosten, not used in plural form)
* cough

#### Verb

hoste (imperative host, infinitive at hoste, present tense hoster, past tense hostede, perfect tense har hostet)
* cough (push air from the lungs)

### Etymology 2

From English host.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hovstə/, [ˈhɔwsd̥e]

#### Verb

hoste (imperative host, infinitive at hoste, present tense hoster, past tense hostede, perfect tense har hostet)
* (computing, Internet) to host websites

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

hoste
* inflection of hossen:
** singular past indicative
** (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive

## French
### Noun

hoste m (plural hostes)
* Obsolete spelling of hôte.

#### See also

* hostesse

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese oste (“host, army”) (with the h- added back to reflect the Latin etymon), from Latin hostem, accusative singular of hostis (“an enemy of the state”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔste̝/

### Noun

hoste f (plural hostes)
* host, horde
* army

#### Derived terms

* estantiga

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “hoste”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “hoste”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “hoste”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Latin
### Noun

hoste m or f
* ablative singular of hostis (“enemy”)

## Middle English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French hoste, oste.

### Noun

hoste (plural hostes)
* host

#### Related terms

* hostesse

#### Descendants

* English: host

#### See also

* oost

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French hoste, oste.

### Noun

hoste m (plural hostes)
* host

#### Descendants

* French: hôte

#### See also

* hostesse

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Danish hoste, from Old Norse hósti, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstô

#### Noun

hoste m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)
* (onomatopoeia) a cough

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Danish hoste, from Old Norse hósta (sense 1), and English host (sense 2). The Old Norse verb is from Proto-Germanic *hwōstōną

#### Verb

hoste (imperative host, present tense hoster, passive hostes, simple past and past participle hosta or hostet, present participle hostende)
* (onomatopoeia) to cough
* (computing) to host

### References

* “hoste” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse hósti, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstô

#### Noun

hoste m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)
* a cough

##### Derived terms

* kikhoste

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse hósta, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstōną

#### Verb

hoste (present tense hostar, past tense hosta, past participle hosta, passive infinitive hostast, present participle hostande, imperative hoste/host)
* e-infinitive form of hosta (in dialects with e-infinitive or split infinitive)

### References

* “hoste” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔs.tə/

### Noun

hoste oblique singular, m (oblique plural hostes, nominative singular hostes, nominative plural hoste)
* Alternative form of oste

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese oste (“host, army”) (with the -h- added back to reflect the Latin etymon), from Latin hostem (“an enemy of the state”), from Proto-Italic *hostis (“stranger, guest”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest”). Compare Galician hoste, Spanish hueste.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.t͡ʃi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.t͡ʃi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈɔʃ.t͡ʃi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɔʃ.tɨ/
* Hyphenation: hos‧te

### Noun

hoste f (plural hostes)
* host; army; military troop
* herd (a mass of people)
    Synonym: horda

#### Related terms

* hostilidade

## Slovene
### Noun

hóste
* inflection of họ̑sta:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural