# مشعل
## Arabic

* Root
* ش ع ل (š ʕ l)
* 5 terms

### Etymology 1

The majority of Arabic dictionaries only list مَشْعَل (mašʕal) and its synonym مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala) with a fatḥa on the mīm, which gives each of these words the appearance of a noun of place instead of a tool noun. Some may have argued for them to be written with a kasra, but it is not common. All the languages which have borrowed these two words have kept the vocalizations مَشْعَل (mašʕal) and مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʃ.ʕal/

#### Noun

مَشْعَل • (mašʕal) m (plural مَشَاعِل (mašāʕil))
* torch
    Synonym: مَشْعَلَة (mašʕala)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: մաշալ (mašal)
* → Azerbaijani: məşəl
* → Bengali: মশাল (mośal)
* → Chagatai: مشعل
** Uyghur: مەشئەل (mesh'el)
** Uzbek: mashʼal
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: मशाल (maśāl)
** Urdu: مشعل (maś'al)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مَشْعَل (meş'al)
** Turkish: meşal
* → Pashto: مَشْعَل (maš'ál)
* → Persian: مشعل (maš'al)
* → Punjabi: مَشْعَل (maśʻal)
* → Sindhi: مَشْعَلُ

#### Proper noun

مَشْعَل • (mašʕal) m
* a male given name

##### Declension
#### References

* ↑ Quoting Lane under the entry ”مَشْعَلَةٌ”, “[accord. to El-Wáḥidee, it is مِشْعَلَةٌ; for he says that] المشعلة with kesr to the م means the instrument in which fire is carried: and مَشْعلة [thus, with a fet-ḥah over the نار,] means fire kindled; or made to burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame”.
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مشعل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miʃ.ʕal/

#### Noun

مِشْعَل • (mišʕal) m (obsolete)
* a certain thing, used by the Arabs of the desert, made of skins sewed together, like the نِطَع (niṭaʕ), having four legs of wood, to which it is bound, so that it becomes like the wateringtrough

##### Declension
#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مشعل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

## Azerbaijani
### Noun

مشعل
* Arabic spelling of məşəl

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Noun

مَشْعَل • (meş'al) (plural مشاعل)
* a torch or cresset

#### Related terms

* مشعله (meş'ale)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: meşal

### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مشعل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1868

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Noun

مَشْعَل • (maš'ál) m
* torch

### Further reading

* Qamosona.com

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maʃ.ˈʔal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʃ.ʔǽl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʃ.ʔǽl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mä.ʃǽl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mä.ʃǽl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʃ.ʔǽl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäʃ.ʔǽl]

### Noun

| Dari | مشعل |
| Iranian Persian | مشعل |
| Tajik | машъал |
مَشْعَل • (maš'al) (plural مَشاعِل (mašâ'el))
* torch (of wood)
** c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Iskandar”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:همان بی‌کران آتش افروختند به هر جای مشعل همی سوختندhamān bē-karān ātaš afrōxtand ba har jāy maš'al hamē sōxtandThey were lighting a limitless fire, They were burning torches at every place.(Classical Persian transliteration)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 151:عجب روز و شبی دارم که از دود دل ریشم فرو شد آفتاب و مشعل مه ز آسمان گم شدajab rōz u šabē dāram ki az dūd-i dil rēšam furō šud āftāb u maš'al-i mah z-āsmān gum šudStrange are my days and nights! From the smoke of my wounded heart The sun has gone down, and the moon's torch is lost from the sky.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مشعل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Noun

مَشْعَل • (maśʻal) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਸ਼ਲ)
* torch

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “مشعَل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Noun

مَشْعَلُ • (maś'alu) m (Devanagari मशलु)
* torch

### Further reading

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “مَشْعَلُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
* “مشعل”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْعَل (mašʕal).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məʃ.(ʔ)əl/

### Noun

مَشْعَل • (maś'al) f (Hindi spelling मशाल)
* a sort of cresset; a torch, flambeau
* a lantern

### Further reading

* Platts, John T. (1884) “مشعل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.