# 鳳凰
## Chinese

* 鳳凰 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Fenghuang (English)

### Etymology

Miyake (2015) reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation *N-prəm-s ɢʷˁɑŋ and proposed, though with uncertainty, that the mythical bird's name is the affixed form of 風皇 (“wind sovereign”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fènghuáng
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фынхуон (fɨnhuon, III-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fung$^6$ wong$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuung$^5$ vong$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fung$^5$ fong
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fung-fòng
    (Hailu, HRS): fung$^˖$ fong
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hōng-hông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^6$ uang$^5$ / hong$^6$ huang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$von-waon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fènghuáng → fènghuang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ → ㄈㄥˋ ˙ㄏㄨㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fònghuång
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^4$-huang$^5$
*** Yale: fèng-hwang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq.hwang
*** Palladius: фэнхуан (fɛnxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/ → /fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фынхуон (fɨnhuon, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^6$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: fuhng wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^6$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^6$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fuung$^5$ vong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fung$^5$ fong
*** Sinological IPA : /fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fung-fòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung fong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^4$ fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^˖$ fong
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōng-hông
*** Tâi-lô: hōng-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxnghoong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hong$^6$ uang$^5$ / hong$^6$ huang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŏng uâng / hŏng huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/, /hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$von-waon
*** MiniDict: von$^去$ waon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$von-hhuaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwngH hwang
Rime :
| Character | 鳳 | 凰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 馮貢切 | 胡光切 |
| Baxter | bjuwngH | hwang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuŋ$^H$/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuŋ$^H$/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuŋ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwŋ$^H$/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /biuŋ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuŋ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uŋ$^H$/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fèng | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^6$ | wong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bums ɡʷaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鳳 | 凰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2935 | 12709 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 | 王 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鳳 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese | /*bums/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 爾雅作皇 |

### Noun

鳳凰
* (Chinese mythology) fenghuang; the "Chinese phoenix" (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Fènghuáng míng yǐ, yú bǐ gāo gāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* phoenix

#### Usage notes

In modern usage, 鳳凰 is often transliterated as fenghuang in English for distinction, while phoenix is also translated literally as 不死鳥／不死鸟 (bùsǐniǎo, literally “immortal bird”) in Chinese.

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 凰鳳／凰凤

#### Derived terms

* 山雞變鳳凰 / 山鸡变凤凰
* 捧鳳凰似的 / 捧凤凰似的
* 老鴰窩裡出鳳凰 / 老鸹窝里出凤凰
* 落水的鳳凰不如雞 / 落水的凤凰不如鸡 (luòshuǐ de fènghuáng bùrú jī)
* 金鳳凰 / 金凤凰
* 雞棲鳳凰食 / 鸡栖凤凰食
* 飛上枝頭變鳳凰 / 飞上枝头变凤凰
* 鳳凰于飛 / 凤凰于飞
* 鳳凰來儀 / 凤凰来仪
* 鳳凰在笯 / 凤凰在笯 (fènghuáng zài nú)
* 鳳凰城 / 凤凰城 (Fènghuángchéng)
* 鳳凰山 / 凤凰山 (Fènghuángshān)
* 鳳凰木 / 凤凰木 (fènghuángmù)
* 鳳凰池 / 凤凰池
* 鳳凰無寶處不落 / 凤凰无宝处不落
* 鳳凰男 / 凤凰男 (fènghuángnán)
* 鳳凰竹 / 凤凰竹
* 鳳凰簫 / 凤凰箫
* 鳳凰臺 / 凤凰台
* 鳳凰花專線 / 凤凰花专线
* 鳳凰蛋 / 凤凰蛋
* 鳳凰飛上梧桐樹 / 凤凰飞上梧桐树
* 鴉窩裡出鳳凰 / 鸦窝里出凤凰
* 麻雀變鳳凰 / 麻雀变凤凰

### Proper noun

鳳凰
* (～縣) Fenghuang (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)
* (～街道) Fenghuang (a subdistrict of Echeng district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)
* (～鎮) Fenghuang (name of various towns in China)
** (～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
** (～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)
* (～村) Fenghuang (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 봉황(鳳凰) (bonghwang)
* → Vietnamese: phượng hoàng (鳳凰)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鳳 | 凰 |
| ほう Jinmeiyō | おう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* 鳳皇

### Etymology

/pouwau/ → /ɸoːwɔː/ → /hoːɔː/ → /hoːoː/
Borrowing from Chinese 鳳凰 / 凤凰 (fènghuáng, literally “male fire-bird + female fire-bird”), date of borrowing unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーおー [hòóóꜜò] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ho̞ːo̞ː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) • (hōō)
* (Chinese mythology) fenghuang: a fabled Chinese fire-bird
    Synonyms: 大鳥 (ōtori), 鳳鳥 (hōchō)
* a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a stylized fenghuang
    Hyponyms: 鳳凰丸 (hōō-maru), 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
* (shogi) phoenix: a piece in 中将棋 (chū-shōgi) and larger shogi variants

#### Derived terms

* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)貝(ガイ) (hōōgai)
* ほうおう座(ざ), 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)座(ざ) (Hōōza)
* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)三(さん)山(ざん) (Hōō Sanzan)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)雀(ジャク) (hōōjaku)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)沙(シャ)参(ジン) (hōō shajin)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)杉(スギ) (hōō sugi)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)草(ソウ) (hōōsō)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)竹(チク) (hōōchiku)
* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)堂(どう) (Hōōdō)
* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)の舞(まい) (hōō no mai)
* 鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ)木(ボク) (hōōboku)
* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)丸(まる) (hōō-maru)
* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)文(もん) (hōō mon)
* 桐(きり)に鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (kiri ni hōō)
* 朝(ちょう)陽(よう)鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (chōyō hōō)
* 瑠(ル)璃(リ)鳳(ホウ)凰(オウ) (ruri hōō)

#### See also

* 鳳(ほう)眼(がん) (hōgan)
* 鳳(ほう)尾(び) (hōbi)
* 瑞(ずい)鳥(ちょう) (zuichō)
* 朱(す)雀(ざく) (Suzaku, “Vermilion Bird”)
* 鵬(ほう) (hō, “peng”)
* フェニックス (fenikkusu, “phoenix”)
* 霊(れい)鳥(ちょう) (reichō)

### Proper noun

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) • (Hōō)
* a type of incense
* a place name
* a female given name
* a surname

#### Derived terms

* 鳳(ほう)凰(おう)山(さん) (Hōō-san)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “鳳凰”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鳳 | 凰 |

### Noun

鳳凰 • (bonghwang) (hangeul 봉황)
* hanja form of 봉황 (“Korean phoenix”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 鳳 | 凰 |

### Verb

鳳凰
* chữ Hán form of phượng hoàng (“phoenix”).