# 脹

| 脹 | U+8139, &#33081; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8139 |
| ← 脸 [U+8138] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 脺 → [U+813A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

脹 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月尸一女 (BSMV), four-corner 7123$_2$, composition ⿰⺼長)

#### Derived characters

* 𬛙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29570
* Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2083, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8139

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 張 | *taŋ, *taŋs |
| 餦 | *taŋ |
| 粻 | *taŋ |
| 漲 | *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs |
| 長 | *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 脹 | *taŋs |
| 痮 | *taŋs |
| 帳 | *taŋs |
| 賬 | *taŋs |
| 倀 | *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 鼚 | *tʰaŋ |
| 鋹 | *tʰaŋʔ |
| 悵 | *tʰaŋs |
| 韔 | *tʰaŋs |
| 萇 | *daŋ |
| 瓺 | *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 棖 | *rdaːŋ |
| 掁 | *rdaːŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàng (zhang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zong$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiòng / tiàng / tiùⁿ / tiòⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^3$ / dion$^3$ / diên$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^4$
*** Yale: jàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
*** Palladius: чжан (čžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^3$
*** Yale: jeung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chong
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng
*** Tâi-lô: tiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàng
*** Tâi-lô: tiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaxng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiùⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tiùnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dviux
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiũ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiũ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiũ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tiònn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvioix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔ̃²¹/
* tiòng/tiàng - literary;
* tiùⁿ/tiòⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: trjangH
Rime :
| Character | 脹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 知亮切 |
| Baxter | trjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*taŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 脹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1266 |
| Phonetic component | 長 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 帳 |
| Old Chinese | /*taŋs/ |
| Notes | 見素問 |

### Definitions

脹
* to expand; to increase in size; to swell
* (medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell
* (medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy

#### Synonyms

* (to swell): 腫脹／肿胀 (zhǒngzhàng)
* (to have edema):
* 哱腫 / 哱肿 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 水腫 / 水肿 (shuǐzhǒng)
* 泛哱 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 浮腫 / 浮肿 (fúzhǒng)
* 飲腫 / 饮肿 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 努脣脹嘴 / 努唇胀嘴
* 滿面紅脹 / 满面红胀
* 熱膨脹 / 热膨胀
* 發脹 / 发胀 (fāzhàng)
* 紫脹 / 紫胀
* 線膨脹 / 线膨胀
* 脹氣 / 胀气 (zhàngqì)
* 脹滿 / 胀满
* 脹痛 / 胀痛 (zhàngtòng)
* 脹鼓鼓 / 胀鼓鼓
* 腫脹 / 肿胀 (zhǒngzhàng)
* 膨脹 / 膨胀 (péngzhàng)
* 膨脹係數 / 膨胀系数
* 膨脹宇宙 / 膨胀宇宙
* 膨脹缺口 / 膨胀缺口
* 臉紅頭脹 / 脸红头胀
* 臌脹 / 臌胀 (gǔzhàng)
* 通貨膨脹 / 通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng)
* 頭昏腦脹 / 头昏脑胀
* 鼓脹 / 鼓胀 (gǔzhàng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* swell, dilate, distend, bulge

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō)、じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kun: ふくれる (fukureru, 脹れる)

#### Usage notes

Removed from the daily use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government in 2010.

### References

* ↑ The Japan Times (2009 October 21) “Get set for next year's overhaul of joyo kanji”, in www.kanjiclinic.com‎, archived from the original on 20 November 2021

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脹 (MC trjangH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 댜ᇰ〮 (Yale: tyáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 탸ᇰ〯 (thyǎng) (Yale: thyǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [창(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 脹 (eumhun 부을 창 (bueul chang))
* hanja form of 창 (“to expand; to swell”)

#### Compounds

* 기창 (氣脹, gichang)
* 종창 (腫脹, jongchang)
* 창기 (脹氣, changgi)
* 창만 (脹滿, changman)
* 창증 (脹症, changjeung)
* 팽창 (膨脹, paengchang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

脹: Hán Nôm readings: trướng, chương, rướn, chướng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.