OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# конспект
## Russian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin conspectus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐnˈspʲekt]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

конспе́кт • (konspékt) m inan (genitive конспе́кта, nominative plural конспе́кты, genitive plural конспе́ктов)
* summary, synopsis, abstract (an abrigement or summary)

#### Related terms

* конспективность (konspektivnostʹ), конспектирование (konspektirovanije)
* конспективный (konspektivnyj)
* конспектировать (konspektirovatʹ), конспектироваться (konspektirovatʹsja)
* конспективно (konspektivno)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kon­s­pekt, from Latin conspectus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɔnˈspɛkt]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

конспе́кт • (konspékt) m inan (genitive конспе́кту, nominative plural конспе́кти, genitive plural конспе́ктів)
* synopsis, summary, précis, outline

#### Derived terms

* конспекти́вний (konspektývnyj)
* конспектува́ти impf (konspektuváty)

### See also

* зве́дення n (zvédennja)
* резюме́ n (rezjumé)
* сино́псис m (synópsys)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “конспект”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 554
   * Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2016), “конспект”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 7 (кварта́л – кя́хтинський), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
   * “конспект”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “конспект”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “конспект”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “конспект”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “конспект”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “конспект”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# aibhnichean
## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* (Lewis, Harris, Benbecula, South Uist) IPA: /ˈãĩnɪçən/
* (North Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈãĩɲɪçɪn/
* (Skye) IPA: /ˈɤinɪçən/
* (Eigg, Ardnamurchan, Mull) IPA: /ˈɤiɲɪçən/
* (Tiree) IPA: [ˈɤiɲən]
* (Islay) IPA: [ˈoˑɲdʲʑən]
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈaʊnɪçən/

### Noun

aibhnichean f pl
* plural of abhainn

### References

* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Cathair Ó Dochartaigh, editor (1994), Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, volume II, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, pages 8-9
# tumis
## English
### Noun

tumis
* plural of tumi

### Anagrams

* UMIST, musit, mutis, sumti, tuism

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tumis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtumɪs]
* Hyphenation: tu‧mis

### Verb

tumis (base-imperative tumis, active menumis, passive ditumis)
* (cooking) to sauté: to cook (food) using a small amount of fat in an open pan over a relatively high heat, allowing the food to brown and form a crust stopping it from sticking to the pan as it cooks.

### Noun

tumis (uncountable)
* (cooking) sauté: a dish prepared this way.
    Synonym: tumisan

### Derived terms

* bertumis
* ditumis
* menumis
* menumisi
* penumisan
* tumisan

### Further reading

* “tumis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mắm muối
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

mắm (“fish sauce”) +‎ muối (“salt”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mam˧˦ muəj˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [mam˦˧˥ muj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mam˦˥ muj˦˥]

### Noun

mắm muối
* (literal) fish sauce and salt
* (by extension) condiments
* (figurative) spice (attribute that makes something appealing, interesting, or engaging)

#### Derived terms

* thêm mắm thêm muối
# kazivati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kazǐːʋati/
* Hyphenation: ka‧zi‧va‧ti

### Verb

kazívati impf (Cyrillic spelling кази́вати)
* (transitive, intransitive) to say
* (transitive, intransitive) to speak
* (transitive, intransitive) to declare

#### Derived terms

* dokazívati
* iskazívati
* pokazívati
* potkazívati
* prikazívati
* prokazívati
* ukazívati
* zakazívati

#### Related terms

* kázati pf

### Further reading

* “kazivati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# diatsotoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English diazotize). Adapted with +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdiɑtsotoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈdiɑ̝tˌs̠o̞t̪o̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: di‧at‧so‧toi‧da

### Verb

diatsotoida
* (chemistry, transitive) to diazotize

#### Derived terms

* diatsotointi
# intraho
## Latin
### Etymology

From in- +‎ trahō (“I drag”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈin.tra.hoː/, [ˈɪn̪t̪rä(ɦ)oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈin.tra.o/, [ˈin̪t̪räo]

### Verb

intrahō (present infinitive intrahere, perfect active intrāxī, supine intractum); third conjugation
* to draw or drag along, trail
* to draw on
* to throw abuse upon, assail
    Synonyms: maledīcō, exsecror, īnsultō, incessō, obloquor, invehō, compellō
    Antonym: benedīcō

#### Derived terms

* intrāctiō

#### Related terms

* abstrahō
* attrahō
* circumtrahō
* contrahō
* dētrahō
* distrahō
* extrahō
* intertrahō
* obtrahō
* pertrahō
* prōtrahō
* retrahō
* subtrahō
* supertrahō
* trahō

### References

* “intraho”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* intraho in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# luzir
## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lūcīre, from Latin lūcēre. Compare Old French luisir.

### Verb

luzir
* (usually of the sun) to shine

#### Descendants

* Occitan: lusir

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “lūcēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 429

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese luzir, from Vulgar Latin *lūcīre from Latin lūcēre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /luˈzi(ʁ)/ [luˈzi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /luˈzi(ʁ)/ [luˈzi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /luˈzi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /luˈzi(ʁ)/ [luˈzi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /luˈzi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /luˈziɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /luˈziɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /luˈzi.ɾi/
* Homophone: luzi (Brazil, when final 'r' is dropped)

### Verb

luzir (first-person singular present luzo, first-person singular preterite luzi, past participle luzido)
* (intransitive) to shine (to emit light)
    Synonyms: brilhar, fulgir, fulgurar, iluminar, irradiar, resplandecer
    Antonym: desluzir

#### Related terms

* lúcido
* luz
* luzeiro
* luzente
* luzerna
* luzidio
* luziluzir
* luzimento
* lúzio
* reluzir
* tremeluzir

### Further reading

* “luzir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# skordýr
## Faroese
### Noun

skordýr n (genitive singular skordýrs, plural skordýr)
* insect

#### Related terms

* liðadýr
* lindýr
* skeldýr

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskɔr.tiːr/

### Noun

skordýr n (genitive singular skordýrs, nominative plural skordýr)
* insect

#### Derived terms

* sem tengist skordýraeitri (“insecticidal”)
* skordýraeitur (“insecticide”)
* skordýraeitur í duftformi (“powder insecticide”)
* skordýraeitur í vökvaformi (“liquid insecticide”)
* skordýraeyðing (“disinsectisation”)
* skordýraæta (“insectivore”)
* skordýr sem sýgur plöntur (“plant-sucking insect”)
* sogskordýr (“sucking insect”)
* til framleiðslu á skordýraeitri (“for insecticidal purposes”)
# caló
## Caló
### Etymology

From Romani kalo, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “dark, black”).

### Adjective

caló (feminine callí)
* tanned, dark-skinned
* Romani
    a sueí callíthe Romani people.

#### Derived terms

* zincaló

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: caló, calé
* → Portuguese: caló, calão
* → Spanish: caló

### References

* “caló” in J. Tineo Rebolledo, A Chipicalli (La Llengua Gitana), Granada: Gómez de la Cruz, 1900, →OCLC, page 26.
* “caló” in Francisco Quindalé, Diccionario gitano, Madrid: Oficina Tipográfica del Hospicio.
* “caló” in Vocabulario : Caló - Español, Portal del Flamenco y Universidad.

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kəˈlo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [kaˈlo]
* Rhymes: -o

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Caló caló (“Caló”).

#### Noun

caló m (uncountable)
* Caló
    Synonym: romaní espanyol

##### See also

* (Romani): gitano, romaní

#### Noun

caló m (plural calós)
* an argot that has been salted with Caló vocabulary

##### Hypernyms

* argot (“argot”)

### Etymology 2

From cala +‎ -ó.

#### Noun

caló m (plural calons)
* (Balearic) a small cove

##### Hypernyms

* cala (“cove”)

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kaˈlɔ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐˈlɔ/
* Hyphenation: ca‧ló

### Noun

caló m (plural calós)
* Caló (language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani)
    Synonym: calão

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈlo/ [kaˈlo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: ca‧ló

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Caló caló (“Caló”), from Romani kalo (“black”).

#### Noun

caló m (plural calós)
* Caló (the Para-Romani language mainly spoken in the past by Spanish and Portuguese Roma, which is based on Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items)
* an argot spoken by pachuchos in the United States
    Synonym: pachucho

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

caló
* third-person singular preterite indicative of calar

### Further reading

* “caló”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Kreuzung
## German
### Etymology

From kreuzen +‎ -ung; cognate with Hunsrik Kreizung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʁɔɪ̯t͡sʊŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Hyphenation: Kreu‧zung

### Noun

Kreuzung f (genitive Kreuzung, plural Kreuzungen)
* (streets) crossing, intersection
    Vorfahrt an einer Kreuzung haben
* (biology) crossbreeding
* (biology) crossbreed

#### Hyponyms

* Ampelkreuzung
* Autobahnkreuzung
* Freileitungskreuzung
* Straßenkreuzung
* Überkreuzung
* Verkehrskreuzung
* Wegkreuzung
* Wortkreuzung

#### Related terms

* Kreuzungsampel
* Kreuzungsbereich
* Kreuzungspunkt
* Kreuzungsstelle
* Kreuzungsverkehr

### Further reading

* “Kreuzung” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Kreuzung” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* “Kreuzung” in Duden online
# bröst
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish bryst, brist, brøst, from Old Norse brjóst, from Proto-Germanic *breustą (“breast, chest”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bröst n
* (anatomy) breast; the fleshy organs on the chest of a sexually mature human female
* (anatomy) chest, thorax; the portion of the body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen
* bosom
* (swimming) Clipping of bröstsim (“breaststroke”).
    100 m bröst ― 100 m breaststroke

#### Hypernyms

* kroppsdel

#### Derived terms

* ankbröst
* brösta
* bröstarvinge
* bröstbarn
* bröstben
* bröstbild
* bröstböld
* bröstcancer
* bröstfeber (“pneumonia; pleurisy”)
* bröstfena
* bröstficka
* bröstförstoring
* bröstgänges
* bröstharnesk
* brösthåla
* brösthöjd
* bröstimplantat
* bröstkaramell
* bröstklang
* bröstkorg
* bröstkörtel
* bröstmjölk
* bröstmuskel
* bröstmått
* bröstpump
* bröströntgen
* bröströst
* bröstsim
* bröstsjuk
* bröstsmärta
* bröstsocker
* bröstton
* bröstverk
* bröstvidd
* bröstvårta
* bröstvärn
* bröstvävnad
* fasanbröst
* frackbröst
* hängbröst
* jungfrubröst
* kalkonbröst
* kvinnobröst
* kycklingbröst
* lösbröst
* modersbröst
* silikonbröst
* skjortbröst

#### See also

* tutte
* patte

### References

* bröst in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bröst in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bröst in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH
* bröst in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* bröts
# szobor
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From a Southern Slavic language. Compare Slovene now archaic stobor (“column”) and Proto-Slavic *stoborъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsobor]
* Hyphenation: szo‧bor
* Rhymes: -or

### Noun

szobor (plural szobrok)
* statue, sculpture

#### Derived terms

* szobrász
* szobrászat
* szobrocska
* jégszobor

### Further reading

* szobor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# baterya
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧ter‧ya

### Noun

baterya
* Alternative form of bateriya

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* bateriya
* bateria
* batirya

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish batería (“large, rectangular, rechargeable battery”), with the definition broadened to all forms of electric batteries like the English battery.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /bateɾˈja/ [bɐ.t̪ɛɾˈja]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ba‧ter‧ya

### Noun

bateryá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ)
* (electronics) battery (device used to power electric devices)
    Synonyms: akumulador, pila, (neologism) salansan
* (military) battery (coordinated group of artillery)

#### Derived terms

* bateryahan
* bateryahin
* salakay-baterya

### Further reading

* “baterya”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “baterya”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* abyerta
# jaseur
## French
### Etymology

From jaser +‎ -eur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.zœːʁ/, /ʒa.zœːʁ/ ~ /ʒɑ.zœːʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

jaseur m (plural jaseurs, feminine jaseuse)
* talker, chatterer, gossip
    Synonyms: bavardeur, jacasseur

### Noun

jaseur m (plural jaseurs)
* waxwing

#### Derived terms

* jaseur boréal
* jaseur du Japon
* jaseur d’Amérique

### Adjective

jaseur (feminine jaseuse, masculine plural jaseurs, feminine plural jaseuses)
* talkative, gossiping

### References

* ↑ Etymology and history of “jaseur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ “jaseur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# Waukesha
## English
### Etymology

See Waukesha's name in Wikipedia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

Waukesha
* A city, the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States.
* A town in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States, adjacent to the city of the same name.
* Ellipsis of Waukesha County.

#### Derived terms

* County of Waukesha
* Waukesha County
# təftiş
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَفْتِيش (taftīš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tæfˈtiʃ]
* Hyphenation: təf‧tiş

### Noun

təftiş (definite accusative təftişi, plural təftişlər)
* audit, inspection (the act of examining something, often closely)
* (Marxism) revision (re-evaluation of an ideology or narrative, changing or abandoning some of its traits)

#### Derived terms

* təftişçi
* təftişçilik

### Further reading

* “təftiş” in Obastan.com.
# politikus
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

politikus (plural politici)
* politician

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós, “of citizens or the state”). With -ikus ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpolitikuʃ]
* Hyphenation: po‧li‧ti‧kus
* Rhymes: -uʃ

### Noun

politikus (plural politikusok)
* politician

#### Related terms

* politika
* politizál

### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian words ending in -ikus

### References

* ↑ politikus in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* politikus in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay politikus, from Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).
The derogatory sense is from rebracketing to poli- (“many”) +‎ tikus (“rat”) or politik (“politics”) +‎ tikus (“rat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /poliˈtikus/ [po.liˈt̪i.kʊs]
* Rhymes: -ikus
* Syllabification: po‧li‧ti‧kus

### Noun

politikus (plural politikus-politikus)
* politician
    Synonym: politisi
* (derogatory, slang) corrupt politician

#### Related terms

* apolitis
* politik
* politis
* politisi

### Further reading

* “politikus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós). First attested directly as politicus in the Kitab Vortaro in 1923.
The derogatory sense of this word is derived from another word, tikus (“mouse”), implying that the mentioned politician is a coward.

### Noun

politikus (Jawi spelling ڤوليتيکوس, plural politikus-politikus, informal 1st possessive politikusku, 2nd possessive politikusmu, 3rd possessive politikusnya)
* politician
    Synonym: ahli politik
** 1993, “Anak-Anak Kita [Our Children]”, performed by M. Nasir:Selamatkan anak kita Orde baru politikus usangSave our children new order, [but same] old politicians
* (derogatory, politics, slang) corrupt or unpopular politician

#### Related terms

* polikatak (“frog politician, a politician who jumps to another party”) (neologism, derogatory)

### References

* ↑ Kwik Khing Djoen (1923) Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe, Batavia: Sin Po, page 254

### Further reading

* “politikus” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# slaaf
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch slaaf, from Middle Dutch slave, from Late Latin sclavus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /slɑːf/

### Noun

slaaf (plural slawe, diminutive slafie, feminine slavin)
* slave

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch slave, from Late Latin sclavus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /slaːf/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: slaaf
* Rhymes: -aːf

### Noun

slaaf m (plural slaven, diminutive slaafje n, feminine slavin)
* (male or indeterminate) slave
    In het verleden werden veel mensen gedwongen om als slaaf te werken.In the past, many people were forced to work as slaves.
    De slaafjes werden slecht behandeld en hadden geen vrijheid.The slaves were mistreated and had no freedom.
    De slavin probeerde te ontsnappen aan haar wrede meester.The slave woman tried to escape from her cruel master.

#### Derived terms

* galeislaaf
* huisslaaf
* loonslaaf
* mijnslaaf
* perkslaaf
* plantageslaaf
* seksslaaf
* slaafs
* slavenarbeid
* slavendrijver
* slavenhandel
* slavenhandelaar
* slavenhouder
* slavenmarkt
* slavenschip
* slaventijd
* slavernij
* slavin
* tot slaaf gemaakte
* verslaven
* werkslaaf

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: slaaf
* Negerhollands: slaav
* → Caribbean Javanese: slaf
* → Sranan Tongo: srafu

### Anagrams

* afsla
# balbh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish balb, from Latin balbus.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈbˠɑl̪ˠəvˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈbˠɑləvˠ/
* (Connemara) IPA: /ˈbˠalˠəvˠ/, /ˈbˠal̪ˠəvˠ/
* (Mayo) IPA: /ˈbˠalˠuː/, /ˈbˠal̪ˠuː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈbˠɔlˠuː/, /ˈbˠɔl̪ˠuː/ (as if spelled bolbh)

### Adjective

balbh (genitive singular masculine bailbh, genitive singular feminine bailbhe, plural balbha, comparative bailbhe)
* mute, dumb
* inarticulate
* dull (of sound)

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* balbhán m (“dumb person, mute; stammerer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “balb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 78, page 42
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 25, page 13

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “balbh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish balb, from Latin balbus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpal̪ˠav/

### Adjective

balbh
* mute, dumb (unable to speak)
* silent, still

#### Related terms

* balbh-bhuidhre
* balbh-chluich
* balbh-thinneas
* balbhachd
* balbhadh
* balbhan

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “balbh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “balb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# trương
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 張. Compare the later form 脹 / 胀 (zhàng).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʈɨəŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʈɨəŋ˧˧]

### Verb

trương
* to swell up; to bloat; to bulge
* (figurative) to be spoiled (of a perishable food item)

#### Derived terms

* chủ trương (主張, “viewpoint; to advocate”)
* hư trương thanh thế (虛張聲勢, “to bluff massively”)
* khai trương (開張, “grand opening”)
* khẩn trương (緊張, “urgent; quick”)
* khoa trương (誇張, “to boast; overstated”)
* khuếch trương (擴張, “to expand; develop”)
* phô trương (鋪張, “to show off”)
* phụ trương (附張, “supplement”)
* trương lực (張力, “tension”)
* trương phình (張𬛙, “to swell”)
* trương phồng (張𤂧, “to bloat”)
* ưu trương (優張, “hypertonic”)