# verno
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛr.no/
* Rhymes: -ɛrno
* Hyphenation: vèr‧no

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus.

#### Adjective

verno (feminine verna, masculine plural verni, feminine plural verne)
* (literary, rare, relational) spring (season); vernal, springly
    Synonym: primaverile
** c. 1477, Lorenzo de' Medici, “Si rinnovano nel petto a quando a quando le fiamme d’amore”, in Rime, collected in Opere, published 1913:Come di tempo in tempo verdi piante pel verno sole e pel terrestre umore producon altre fronde e nuovo fiore, quando la terra prende altro sembianteJust like every now and then the green plants, due to the vernal sun and the earth's humidity, give birth to new fronds and new blossoms when the earth changes its appearance

##### Related terms

* primavera
* vernare

#### Further reading

* verno$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

Shortened form of inverno (“winter”).

#### Noun

verno m (plural verni) (poetic)
* winter
    Synonym: inverno
** 13th c., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture]‎, translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 145:Ed è un'altra maniera d'uva nera, ch'è detta paterniga, che grossi, e spessi grappoli fa, che molte uve produce, e vin grosso, per lo verno dilettevoleAnd there is another variety of grapes, called paterniga, which makes large, thick bunches, producing many grapes, and thick wine, nice for the winter
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXII”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 25–28; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:Non fece al corso suo sì grosso velo di verno la Danoia in Osterlicchi, né Tanaï là sotto 'l freddo cielo, com'era quivi […]Along its course, the Danube in Austria during the winter never made such a thick crust as there was here, nor did the Don there, under the cold sky
** 1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio”, in Il Canzoniere‎, Florence: Andrea Bettini, published 1858, page 191, lines 1–3:Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio Per aspro mare a mezza notte il verno infra Scilla e Cariddi […]My ship, full of oblivion, sails through the rough sea at midnight in winter, under Scylla and Charybdis
** 16th c., Luigi Alamanni, “Libro Ⅰ. Esordio e dedicazione del poema. Lavori di primavera”, in Della coltivazione‎, collected in La coltivazione di Luigi Alamanni ed altre opere, Venice: Vitarelli, published 1812, page 13, lines 1–4:Che deggia, quando il sol rallunga il giorno, Oprar il buon cultor nei campi suoi; Quel che deggia l’estate, e quel che poscia Al pomifero autunno, al freddo vernoWhat the good farmer is to do in his fields, when the Sun prolongs the day; what he is [to do] in Summer, and what [he is to do] afterwards in the fruit-bearing Autumn, in the cold Winter
* cold, frost
    Synonyms: (literary) algore, freddo, gelo
** 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto IV”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory]‎, lines 79–81; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:'l mezzo cerchio del moto superno, che si chiama Equatore in alcun' arte, e che sempre riman tra 'l sole e 'l vernoThe median circle of the celestial movement, which is called equator in an art [astronomy], and which always stays between the Sun and the cold
** 16th c., Giovanni Della Casa, “Son. ⅩⅩⅩⅦ [Sonnet 37]”, in Rime di M. Giovanni della Casa‎, collected in Opere di Monsig. Giovanni della Casa con una copiosa giunta di scritture non più stampate, Florence: Giuseppe Manni, published 1707, page 22:Che 'l foco lor […] Non ombra, o pioggia, e non fontana, o fiume Ne verno allentar pò d' alpestri montiBecause no shade, or rain, nor spring, or river, nor frost from harsh mountains can weaken their fire
** 1827, Ugo Foscolo, Le grazie‎, Felice Le Monnier, published 1848, page 26, lines 300–304:[…] come quando esce un'Erinni A gioir delle terre arse dal verno, Maligna, e lava le sue membra a' fonti Dell'Islanda esecrati, ove più occulte Fuman sulfuree l'acque […]As when a Fury comes out, rejoicing for the lands desiccated by the frost, malignant, and washes its limbs in the loathed springs of Iceland, where more secretly the waters smoke sulfurous
* storm
    Synonyms: burrasca, (literary) procella, tempesta
** 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto decimonono [Nineteenth canto]”, in Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎, Venice: Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, page 85:[…] spezza e fracassa L'onda nimica,e'l vento ogn'hor piu fiero; Se parte ritta il verno pur ne lassaThe hostile wave breaks and tears, and the ever-stronger wind, if the storm leaves any part of it standing
** 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, Canto 13, page 307:Perche repente, à pena tocco, sparve Quel simulacro: e giunse un nuvol denso: Che portò notte, e verno […]Because immediately, as soon as it was touched, that image disappeared, and a thick cloud came, bringing darkness and storm

##### Derived terms

* svernare
* vernare
* vernino

#### Further reading

* verno$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

verno
* first-person singular present indicative of vernare

### Anagrams

* nervo, nevro-

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯eːr.noː/, [ˈu̯eːrnoː] or IPA: /ˈu̯er.noː/, [ˈu̯ɛrnoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈver.no/, [ˈvɛrno]

### Etymology 1

From vernus (“springlike”) +‎ -āre (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.

#### Verb

vē̆rnō (present infinitive vē̆rnāre, perfect active vē̆rnāvī, supine vē̆rnātum); first conjugation
* to be verdant; to spring, bloom
    Synonym: vireō
* to flourish; to be lively, vigorous
    Synonym: vireō

##### Derived terms

* vernātiō

##### Related terms

* vēr
* vē̆rnālis
* vē̆rnus

##### Descendants

* Italian: vernare

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

vē̆rnō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vē̆rnus

### References

* “verno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “verno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* verno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* vjȇrno (Ijekavian)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋêːrno/
* Hyphenation: ve‧rno

### Adverb

vȇrno (Cyrillic spelling ве̑рно)
* faithfully