# ῥόδον
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* βρόδον (bródon) — Aeolic
* ϝρόδον (wródon) — Aeolic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wródon, borrowed from some Eastern language, most likely Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower, rose”) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀈𐀸 (wo-do-we), Old Persian *vr̥dah, Aramaic 𐡅𐡀𐡓𐡃𐡀 (warda), Classical Syriac ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Demotic wrṱ, Arabic وردة (warda), Persian گل (gol) – all from the same source). An alternative source could possibly be as a Pre-Greek loan, such as Thracian (the rose was native to Thrace). Rüdiger Schmitt believes that, based on phonological and historical grounds, borrowing from Iranian is unlikely.
Latin rosa (“rose”) is likely a loanword from Ancient Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ó.don/ → /ˈro.ðon/ → /ˈro.ðon/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ó.don/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈro.don/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈro.ðon/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈro.ðon/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈro.ðon/

### Noun

ῥόδον • (rhódon) n (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension
* rose (usually Rosa gallica)
* (in phrases)
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 910:ῥόδα μ’ εἴρηκαςrhóda m’ eírēkasYou've said roses about me.
** Crates Comicus, 4 :ὗς διὰ ῥόδωνhûs dià rhódōnpig among roses (bull in a china shop)

#### Derived terms

* ἀγριόρροδον (agriórrhodon)
* διάρροδος (diárrhodos)
* κυνόροδον (kunórodon)
* λευκόροδον (leukórodon)
* μυρόροδον (murórodon)
* πολύρροδος (polúrrhodos)
* ῥοδάκανθα (rhodákantha)
* ῥοδάριον (rhodárion)
* ῥοδέα (rhodéa)
* ῥοδέη (rhodéē)
* ῥόδειος (rhódeios)
* ῥόδεος (rhódeos)
* ῥοδεών (rhodeṓn)
* ῥοδία (rhodía)
* ῥοδιάς (rhodiás)
* ῥοδίζω (rhodízō)
* ῥοδινοπορφυροῦς (rhodinoporphuroûs)
* ῥόδινος (rhódinos)
* ῥοδίς (rhodís)
* ῥοδίσια (rhodísia)
* ῥοδισμός (rhodismós)
* ῥοδίτης (rhodítēs)
* ῥοδῖτις (rhodîtis)
* ῥοδοβαφής (rhodobaphḗs)
* ῥοδοδάκτυλος (rhododáktulos)
* ῥοδοδάφνη (rhododáphnē)
* ῥοδόδενδρον (rhodódendron)
* ῥοδοειδής (rhodoeidḗs)
* ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)
* ῥοδόκολπος (rhodókolpos)
* ῥοδόμηλον (rhodómēlon)
* ῥοδόπαχυς (rhodópakhus)
* ῥοδόπεπλος (rhodópeplos)
* ῥοδόπνοος (rhodópnoos)
* ῥοδόπυγος (rhodópugos)
* ῥοδοπώλης (rhodopṓlēs)
* ῥοδόσταγμα (rhodóstagma)
* ῥοδόστερνος (rhodósternos)
* ῥοδοστεφής (rhodostephḗs)
* ῥοδόσφυρος (rhodósphuros)
* ῥοδών (rhodṓn)
* ῥοδωνία (rhodōnía)
* ῥοδωτός (rhodōtós)
* ὑλόροδον (hulórodon)
* φοινικόροδος (phoinikórodos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ρόδο (ródo)
* ⇒ New Latin: rhodium (see there for further descendants)
* →? Oscan:
** →? Latin: rosa (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥόδον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1289-90
* ↑ T. G. Tucker, Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
* ↑ Rüdiger Schmitt (2017 May 7 (last accessed)) “Greece xi–xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎, archived from the original on 17 May 2017.

### Further reading

* “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ῥόδον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “ῥόδον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. rose idem, page 721.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1290