# 羸

| 羸 | U+7FB8, &#32696; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FB8 |
| ← 羷 [U+7FB7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 羹 → [U+7FB9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

羸 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓廿手 (YNTQ), four-corner 0021$_7$, composition ⿱吂⿲月羊凡)
* weak, lean, emaciated, exhausted

#### Derived characters

* 𱕰, 𡰠, 𡰟, 𢺑, 𤅀, 㬯, 𣠾, 㱻, 䌴, 𧕳, 𨰠, 𰿊, 䯁, 𧄿, 𤼘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 954, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28583
* Dae Jaweon: page 1399, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2122, character 19
* Unihan data for U+7FB8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羸 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 驘 | *roːl |
| 鸁 | *roːl |
| 蠃 | *roːl, *roːlʔ |
| 臝 | *roːlʔ |
| 羸 | *rol |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): léi (lei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: léi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: léi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^2$
*** Yale: léi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^4$
*** Yale: lèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ljwe
Rime :
| Character | 羸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (12) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力爲切 |
| Baxter | ljwe |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /liue/ |
| Wang Li | /lǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lwie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | léi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]o[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rol/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 羸 | 羸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | léi | léi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljwe › | ‹ ljwe › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]o[j]/ | /*[r]o[j]/ |
| English | emaciated; weak | entangle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 羸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8693 |
| Phonetic component | 蠃 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 羸 |
| Old Chinese | /*rol/ |

### Definitions

羸
* (literary) in a weak or exhausted state

#### Compounds

* 孱羸
* 尪羸
* 弊車羸馬 / 弊车羸马
* 羸兵
* 羸劣
* 羸師 / 羸师
* 羸弱 (léiruò)
* 羸瘦
* 羸瘠
* 羸瘵
* 羸露
* 羸頓 / 羸顿
* 老羸

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to grow haggard; to get thin
* weak; frail

#### Readings

* Go-on: るい (rui)
* Kan-on: るい (rui)
* Kun: つかれる (tsukareru, 羸れる)、よわい (yowai, 羸い)

#### Compounds

* 羸(るい)弱(じゃく) (ruijaku)
* 羸(るい)痩(そう) (ruisō)
* 羸(るい)馬(ば) (ruiba)
* 羸(るい)憊(はい) (ruihai)
* 痩(そう)羸(るい) (sōrui)
* 憊(はい)羸(るい) (hairui)
* 病(びょう)羸(るい) (byōrui)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 羸 (MC ljwe).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾi] ~ [i]
* Phonetic hangul: [리/이]

### Hanja

Wikisource 羸 (eumhun 파리할 리 (parihal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 파리할 이 (parihal i))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 강리 (強羸, gangni)
* 고리 (枯羸, gori)
* 노리 (老羸, nori)
* 동리 (疼羸, dongni)
* 모수력리 (貌瘦力羸, mosuryeongni)
* 이패 (羸敗, ipae)
* 이흑 (羸黑, iheuk)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 羸