# 渦

| 渦 | U+6E26, &#28198; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E26 |
| ← 渥 [U+6E25] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 渧 → [U+6E27] |

## Translingual
### Han character

渦 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月月口 (EBBR), four-corner 3712$_7$, composition ⿰氵咼)

#### Derived characters

* 𥨙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 634, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17771
* Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1651, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6E26

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 碢 | *l'oːl |
| 腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
| 過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
| 渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鍋 | *kloːl |
| 楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
| 瘑 | *kloːl |
| 緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 堝 | *kloːl |
| 濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 薖 | *kʰloːl |
| 簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
| 禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
| 窩 | *qloːl |
| 萵 | *qloːl |
| 檛 | *kr'oːl |
| 膼 | *kr'oːl |
| 蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 冎 | *kroːlʔ |
| 剮 | *kroːlʔ |
| 諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
| 歄 | *kʷroːl |
| 咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
| 喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːl, *qloːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wō (wo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vô
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o / o͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wō
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wo
*** Wade–Giles: wo$^1$
*** Yale: wō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uo
*** Palladius: во (vo)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^1$
*** Yale: wō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
*** Hakka Romanization System: vo$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vo²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
*** Tâi-lô: o
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘
*** Tâi-lô: oo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: of
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'wa
Rime :
| Character | 渦 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏禾切 |
| Baxter | 'wa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwa/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /uɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wo$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qloːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渦 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4377 |
| Phonetic component | 冎 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倭 |
| Old Chinese | /*qloːl/ |
| Notes | 與蝸同源 |

#### Definitions

渦
* whirlpool; eddy; vortex
* something shaped like a whirlpool; indentation; concavity
    酒渦／酒涡 ― jiǔwō ― dimple

#### Compounds

* 捲入漩渦 / 卷入漩涡
* 梨渦 / 梨涡 (líwō)
* 梨頰微渦 / 梨颊微涡
* 渦流 / 涡流 (wōliú)
* 渦蟲 / 涡虫
* 渦輪 / 涡轮 (wōlún)
* 渦輪機 / 涡轮机 (wōlúnjī)
* 漩渦 / 漩涡 (xuánwō)
* 漩渦星雲 / 漩涡星云
* 盤渦 / 盘涡
* 笑渦 / 笑涡
* 粉渦 / 粉涡
* 翠渦 / 翠涡
* 酒渦 / 酒涡 (jiǔwō)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guō (guo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guō
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guo
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^1$
*** Yale: gwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
*** Palladius: го (go)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwo$^1$
*** Yale: gwō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwo$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwa
Rime :
| Character | 渦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古禾切 |
| Baxter | kwa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwa/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwo$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4363 |
| Phonetic component | 冎 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戈 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːl/ |
| Notes | 見漢書亦作濄 |

#### Definitions

渦
* Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 渦口 / 涡口
* 渦河 / 涡河 (Guō Hé)
* 渦陽 / 涡阳 (Guōyáng)

### References

* “渦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)、わ (wa)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)、わ (wa)
* Kan’yō-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: うず (uzu, 渦, Jōyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 渦
* か Grade: S
* goon
/kwa/ → /ka/
From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC kwa, “eddy, swirl, whirlpool”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠]

#### Affix

渦(か) • (ka)
* eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex

##### Usage notes

This reading is only ever found in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* 渦状(かじょう) (kajō): a swirl shape
* 渦中(かちゅう) (kachū): the one involved, the one dragged in, the one caught up

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 渦
* うず Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/udu/ → /udzu/ → /uzu/
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うず [úꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɯ̟zɨ]

#### Noun

渦(うず) • (uzu)
* eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex
** Early 700s, 播磨国風土記 (Harima no Kuni Fudoki, “Chronicles of the Country of Harima”)
    絞水(うづ)の淵(ふち)あり。故(かれ)、宇頭(うづ)川(がわ)と号(なづ)く。
       uzu no fuchi ari. Kare, Uzugawa to nazuku.
       There is a deep whirl / eddy pool there. As such, it is called “Uzugawa” (Eddy River).

##### Derived terms

* 渦(うず)巻(ま)き (uzumaki): spiral, whirlpool, eddy
* 渦(うず)潮(しお) (uzushio): a tidal whirlpool or eddy

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC 'wa).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅪᆼ (Yale: qwa) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 와 (wa)$^訓$ (Yale: wa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [wa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [와]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 渦 (eumhun 소용돌이 와 (soyongdori wa))
* hanja form of 와 (“whirlpool; eddy; vortex”)

#### Compounds

* 선와 (旋渦, seonwa)
* 와동 (渦動, wadong)
* 와류 (渦流, waryu)
* 와선 (渦旋, waseon)
* 와전류 (渦電流, wajeollyu)
* 와중 (渦中, wajung)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC kwa).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 광 (Yale: kwa) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [과]

#### Hanja

渦 (eumhun 강 이름 과 (gang ireum gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“name of a river”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

渦: Hán Nôm readings: oa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation