# 天麩羅
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天麩羅(てんぷら) (tenpura).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiānfūluó
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ fu$^1$ lo$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiānfūluó
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tianfuluó
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-fu$^1$-lo$^2$
*** Yale: tyān-fū-lwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianfuluo
*** Palladius: тяньфуло (tjanʹfulo)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ fu$^1$ lo$^4$
*** Yale: tīn fū lòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ fu$^1$ lo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ fu$^1$ lo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

### Noun

天麩羅
* Alternative form of 天婦羅 / 天妇罗 (tiānfùluó)

#### Synonyms

* 天婦羅／天妇罗 (tiānfùluó)
* 甜不辣 (tiánbùlà)
* 天富羅／天富罗 (tiānfùluó)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 麩 | 羅 |
| てん Grade: 1 (ateji) | ふ > ぷ Hyōgai (ateji) | ら Grade: S (ateji) |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spellings
* 天婦羅 天麸羅 天ぷら テンプラ てんぷら

### Alternative forms

* (shortening, only in compounds) 天(てん) (ten)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”)), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating Portuguese têmpora (IPA: /ˈtẽ.pu.ɾɐ/) with such food.
The kanji are ateji (当て字).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てんぷら [tèńpúrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [tẽ̞mpɯ̟ɾa̠]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

天(てん)麩(ぷ)羅(ら) or 天麩羅(テンプラ) • (tenpura)
* tempura: a Japanese dish made from seafood, chicken, or vegetables dipped in batter and deep fried

#### Coordinate terms

* 揚(あ)げ物(もの) (agemono): deep-fried food

#### Derived terms

* 天(てん)丼(どん) (tendon): a tempura donburi or rice bowl
* 海老(えび)天(てん) (ebiten): shrimp tempura
* 天(てん)むす (tenmusu)
* 天(てん)ぷら油(あぶら) (tenpura abura): tempura oil

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 天婦羅 / 天妇罗 (tiānfùluó), 甜不辣 (tiánbùlà), 天富羅 / 天富罗 (tiānfùluó)
* → English: tempura
* → Finnish: tempura
* → Hebrew: טמפורה
* → Indonesian: tempura
* → Italian: tempura
* → Korean: 덴푸라 (denpura)
* → Polish: tempura
* → Portuguese: tempura, tempurá (Brazil)
* → Russian: тэ́мпура (tɛ́mpura), те́мпура (témpura)
* → Spanish: tempura
* → Tagalog: tempura

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN