# 南風
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nánfēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam$^4$ fung$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): naang$^4$ fung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam$^1$ fuung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nàm-fûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nam$^2$ fung$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang$^2$ bue$^1$ / nang$^2$ buiⁿ$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lâm-hong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^5$ huang$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): naam$^4$ foeng$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$noe-fon$_1$ / $^2$noe-fon$_1$
** (Jinhua): $^2$noe-fon$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nánfēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nánfong
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-fêng$^1$
*** Yale: nán-fēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanfeng
*** Palladius: наньфэн (nanʹfɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Yale: nàahm fūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: naang$^4$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ²¹ fʊŋ²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nam$^1$ fuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm-fûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam$^ˇ$ fung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nam$^2$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nam$^2$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nang$^2$ bue$^1$ [Phonetic: nang$^5$ mue$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$muei⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nang$^2$ buiⁿ$^1$ [Phonetic: nang$^5$ mui$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$mui⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-hong
*** Tâi-lô: lâm-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamhofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^5$ huang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm huang
*** Sinological IPA : /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: naam$^4$ foeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /nam²¹ føŋ⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$noe-fon$_1$
*** MiniDict: noe$^去$ fon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$noe-fon$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²² foŋ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$noe-fon$_1$
*** MiniDict: noe$^平$ fon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /nø²² foŋ³³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^2$noe-fon$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /nɤ³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nom pjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 南 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 那含切 | 方戎切 |
| Baxter | nom | pjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌm/ | /pɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəm/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒm/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəm/ | /puwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀm/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒm/ | /pĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /năm/ | /pi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nán | fēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naam$^4$ | fung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m prəm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːm plum/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 南 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nán | fēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nom › | ‹ pjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁ[ə]m/ | /*prəm/ |
| English | south | wind (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 南 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 9355 | 2921 |
| Phonetic component | 南 | 凡 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 南 | 風 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːm/ | /*plum/ |

### Noun

南風
* southerly; south wind (a persistent wind from the south)
* music from the South
* (archaic) male homosexuality
* (mahjong) South Wind

#### Derived terms

* 南風不競 / 南风不竞
* 南風天 / 南风天 (nánfēngtiān)
* 南風窗 / 南风窗

### Proper noun

南風
* Nanfeng (a song supposedly written by Emperor Shun)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “南风”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 395.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 風 |
| なん Grade: 2 | ふう > ぷう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese compound 南風 (MC nom pjuwng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんぷう [nàńpúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠mpɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (nanpū)
* south wind, southerly
    Synonyms: 凱風 (gaifū), 南 (minami)
    Antonym: 北風 (hokufū)
* wind blowing in summer

##### Idioms

* 南風(なんぷう)競(きそ)わず (nanpū kisowazu)

#### Proper noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (Nanpū)
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 風 |
| みなみ Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 南(みなみ) (minami, “south”) + 風(かぜ) (kaze, “wind”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みなみかぜ [mìnámíkázé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲina̠mʲika̠ze̞]

#### Noun

南(みなみ)風(かぜ) • (minamikaze)
* south wind, southerly
    Synonym: 南 (minami)
    Antonym: 北風 (kitakaze)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 風 |
| はえ ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 南風 – see the following entry. :
| 【はえ】 | [noun] (regional) south wind, southerly [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, 南風, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN