# 俎

| 俎 | U+4FCE, &#20430; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FCE |
| ← 俍 [U+4FCD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 俏 → [U+4FCF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俎 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人人月一 (OOBM), four-corner 8781$_0$, composition ⿰仌且)
* chopping board or chopping block
* painted

#### Derived characters

* 葅 𫦆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 679
* Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 156, character 4
* Unihan data for U+4FCE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俎 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb19462b19463Small seal scripts10641Transcribed ancient scriptsL14866L14867L14868L14869L14870 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |
Pictogram (象形) – sacrificial altar for meat. The altar's legs are on the left and the vessel is on the right.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔ (zu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zo$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$
*** Yale: dzǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuu
*** Palladius: цзу (czu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^2$
*** Yale: jó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsrjoX
Rime :
| Character | 俎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 側吕切 |
| Baxter | tsrjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zo$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10447 |
| Phonetic component | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsraʔ/ |

### Definitions

俎
* (historical) sacrificial altar; stand or vessel for meat and food sacrifice
* (literary) chopping board; chopping block
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三俎
* 俎上肉 (zǔshàngròu)
* 俎豆
* 刀俎 (dāozǔ)
* 尊俎
* 折衝樽俎 / 折冲樽俎 (zhéchōngzūnzǔ)
* 樽俎 (zūnzǔ)
* 越俎代庖 (yuèzǔdàipáo)
* 酉陽雜俎 / 酉阳杂俎
* 雜俎 / 杂俎
* 鼎俎

### References

* “俎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan-on: そ (so)
* Kun: まないた (manaita, 俎)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 俎
* そ Hyōgai
* on'yomi
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 俎 (MC tsrjoX, “a wooden stand used in offering rites”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zo$^2$.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そ [sóꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞]

#### Noun

俎(そ) • (so)
* sacrificial altar
* cutting board; a chopping board

##### Usage notes

This reading appears to be less common. For the cutting board sense in particular, the manaita reading below is more common.

##### Derived terms

* 俎(そ)上(じょう) (sojō): on the altar, on the cutting board
* 俎(そ)豆(とう) (sotō): a ceremonial object in ancient China; etiqutte, manners

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 俎
* まないた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 俎 – see the following entry. :
| 【まな板いた】 | [noun] a chopping board, a cutting board [noun] (slang) a girl with a flat chest (compare the English expression flat as a board) Alternative spellings 俎板, 真魚板 |
(This term, 俎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

俎 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.