# kapitan
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Internationalism, ultimately from Latin capitaneus, likely via Russian капитан (kapitan).

### Noun

kapitan (definite accusative kapitanı, plural kapitanlar)
* captain, commander, master, skipper, team leader
* (military) captain

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kapitan” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian капитан (kapitan)

### Noun

kapitan
* captain

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “kapitan”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay kapitan, borrowed Portuguese capitam (“captain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese capitan, capitam, from Genoese Ligurian capitan, from Late Latin capitānus, from capitāneus, or Latin capitālis. Doublet of kapital and kapten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈpitan/
* Hyphenation: ka‧pi‧tan

### Noun

kapitan (plural kapitan-kapitan)
* (archaic) captain
** chieftain in the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Timur) and Mollucas (Maluku)
** a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines as community leaders of local foreign communities, such as Kapitan Cina
** leader chief in the army

#### Related terms

* kapten

### Further reading

* “kapitan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kapitan
* Rōmaji transcription of カピタン

## Malay
### Etymology

From Portuguese capitam (“captain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese capitan, capitam, from Genoese Ligurian capitan, from Late Latin capitānus, capitāneus, or Latin capitālis. Cognate with Japanese カピタン (kapitan). Doublet of kapten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka.pi.tan]
* Rhymes: -tan, -an
* Hyphenation: ka‧pi‧tan

### Noun

kapitan (Jawi spelling کاڤيتن, plural kapitan-kapitan, informal 1st possessive kapitanku, 2nd possessive kapitanmu, 3rd possessive kapitannya)
* (archaic) A captain:
** A high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines as community leaders of local foreign communities, such as Kapitan Cina.

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kapitan
* → Hokkien: 甲必丹 (kap-pit-tan, “captain”).

### References

* ↑ Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208

### Further reading

* “kapitan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901). A Malay-English dictionary. Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, limited. page 523.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin capitāneus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈpi.tan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -itan
* Syllabification: ka‧pi‧tan

### Noun

kapitan m pers (female equivalent kapitanka, related adjective kapitański)
* captain
* skipper, shipmaster

#### Derived terms

* kapitaństwo
* kapitanować impf

#### Descendants

* → Russian: капита́н (kapitán), капита́нъ (kapitán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
** → Armenian: կապիտան (kapitan)
** → Azerbaijani: kapitan
** → Kazakh: капитан (kapitan)
** → Ukrainian: капітан (kapitan)
** → Yakut: капитан (kapitan)

### Further reading

* kapitan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kapitan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* kapitan in PWN's encyclopedia

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* capitan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish capitán, from Late Latin capitāneus.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kapiˈtan/ [kɐ.pɪˈt̪an̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ka‧pi‧tan

#### Noun

kapitán (feminine kapitana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔)
* (military) captain
* village chief; head of a barangay or barrio
    Synonyms: (dated) puno, tininte
** 1980, Philippine Journal of Education:Ta[m]a : "Ang una ay mali kung ang kaisipang gustong ilantad ay isa ang kapitan sa bawa't barangay.”Correct: "The first one is incorrect if the idea to be expressed is there is one captain in every barangay."
** 1994, Batingaw: aklat sa Filipino, wika at panitikan, antas sekundarya, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 155:Nagtawag ng pangalan si Misis. Katabi niya ang kapitan ng baryo bilang tagapatunay sa katauhan ng mga natawag. “Simeon Alcaraz, Corazon Santos, Pelagia Cruz. Teka, teka ikaw ba 'tong Corazon Santos?"Madam called names. Beside him is the barrio chief as the one who will prove the identity of those called. "Simeon Alcaraz, Corazon Santos, Pelagia Cruz. Oh, are you that Corazon Santos?"

##### Related terms

* Kapitan

### Etymology 2

From kapit +‎ -an.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /kaˈpitan/ [kɐˈpiː.t̪ɐn̪] (verb)
*** Rhymes: -itan
** IPA: /kapiˈtan/ [kɐ.pɪˈt̪an̪] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ka‧pi‧tan

#### Verb

kapitan (complete kinapitan, progressive kinakapitan, contemplative kakapitan, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔)
* to hold on to (something)
    Synonyms: hawakan, tanganan
* to be affected by (an illness, disease, etc.)
    Synonym: dapuan
* to depend on (as for support or patronage)

##### Derived terms

* hindi kakapitan ng alikabok

#### Noun

kapitán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔)
* anything used to hold on (such as a railing, banister, etc.)
    Synonyms: hawakan, tatangnan

#### Adjective

kapitán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔)
* easily soiled (by mud, dirt, etc.)
* of something used to held on

### Further reading

* “kapitan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018