OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# antinational
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ national.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -æʃənəl

### Adjective

antinational (comparative more antinational, superlative most antinational)
* (politics) Opposed to one's own nation; unpatriotic.
* (politics) Opposed to purely national concerns; not founded on the idea of the nation.
** 2007, John Darwin, After Tamerlane, Penguin, published 2008, page xi:just as important have been the effects of diasporas and migrations (creating a mobile, ‘anti-national’ historical tradition) and the partial liberalization of many regimes […]

#### Antonyms

* patriotic

#### Translations
### Noun

antinational (plural antinationals)
* (Indian politics, Hindutva, derogatory, accusatory) One who is opposed to India, usually suggesting pro-Pakistan or leftist associations, hostility against the Hindu religion, or opposition to Hindu nationalism.
** 2020 August 25, Shanmughasundaram J, “Tamil Nadu is shelter for anti-nationals, says J P Nadda”, in Times of India‎:Calling Tamil Nadu a “shelter” for anti-nationals, BJP national president J P Nadda said the state administration and the DMK were giving shelter to people working against the interests of the nation.

#### Synonyms

* sickular
* urban Naxal

#### Antonyms

* bhakt
* sanghi
* nationalist

## French
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ national.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

antinational (feminine antinationale, masculine plural antinationaux, feminine plural antinationales)
* antinational (all senses)

### Further reading

* “antinational”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# dédoublement
## French
### Etymology

From dédoubler +‎ -ment.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de.du.blə.mɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

dédoublement m (plural dédoublements)
* doubling, duplication

### Further reading

* “dédoublement”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# tuspok
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tusˈpok/ [tusˈpok]
* Hyphenation: tus‧pok

### Adjective

tuspók (plural turuspok, Basahan spelling ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜃ᜔)
* (angry register) asleep, sleeping
    Synonyms: tusmag, tipla

### Noun

tuspók (Basahan spelling ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜃ᜔)
* (angry register) sleep, slumber
    Synonyms: tusmag, tipla

#### Derived terms

* katuspok
* magtuspok
* pagtuspok

#### See also

* katurog
* turog
# longiter
## Latin
### Etymology

From longus (“far, long”).

### Adverb

longiter (comparative longius, superlative longissimē)
* far
    Non, ut opinor, id a leto jam longiter errat.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Related terms

* longaevitās
* longaevus
* longanimis
* longanimitās
* longanimiter
* longē
* longiloquium
* longinquē
* longinquitās
* longinquō
* longinquus
* longipēs
* longiscō
* longitia
* longitūdō
* longiturnitās
* longiturnus
* longiusculē
* longiusculus
* longivīvāx
* longulē
* longulus
* longuriō
* longurius
* longus

#### Descendants

* Navarro-Aragonese: luent (“far”) ⇒ lonteza (“distance”)
** Aragonese: luent, lluent (Ribagorçan)
* Valencian: llunt (possibly; otherwise a secondary development from lluny)

### References

* “longiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* longiter in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*longitanus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 406
# שכיר
## Hebrew

* Root
* שׂ־כ־ר (s-k-r)
* 6 terms

### Noun

שָׂכִיר • (sakhír) m (plural indefinite שְׂכִירִים, singular construct שְׂכִיר־)
* employee

### References

* “שכיר” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* שכיר on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# פתח
## Aramaic
### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa) and Hebrew פָּתַח.

### Verb

פְּתַח • (pəṯaḥ)
* to open

## Hebrew

* Root
* פ־ת־ח (p-t-kh)
* 8 terms

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *pataḥ- (“to open”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒉿𒌅𒌑𒌝 (petûm) and Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa).

#### Verb

פָּתַח • (patákh, pɔṯaḥ) (pa'al construction, future יִפְתַּח, passive participle פָּתוּחַ, passive counterpart נִפְתַּח)
* (chiefly transitive) to open (something)
    היא פתחה את הדלת. ― hí pat'khá ét hadélet. ― She opened the door.
    באיזה שעה פותחים מחר?b'éze sha'á pot'khím makhár?What time do they open tomorrow?
    פותחים חקירה. ― pot'khím khakirá. ― An investigation is being opened.
* (figuratively) to start [with בְּ־]
    הם פתחו במלחמה. ― hém patkhú bemilkhamá. ― They started a war.

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

פִּתֵּחַ • (pitéakh, pittéaḥ) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of פיתח.

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒌈 (pītum) and Arabic فَتْح (fatḥ). The name of the vowel point is a calque of Arabic فَتْحَة (fatḥa, “fatha”).

#### Noun

פֶּתַח • (pétakh, pɛṯaḥ) m (plural indefinite פתחים, singular construct פתח־, plural construct פתחי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* doorway
* entrance
* opening

##### Derived terms

* פתח תקווה / פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה (pétakh tikvá, pɛṯaḥ tiqwɔ̂)

#### Noun

פַּתָּח • (patákh, pattɔḥ) m
* patach
    Alternative form: פַּתַח (pátakh, páṯaḥ)

#### References

* H6607 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ניקוד :
* ְ
* ֱ
* ֲ
* ֳ
* ִ
* ֵ
* ֶ
* ַ
* ָ
* ֹ
* ֻ
* ּ
* ֿ
* ׁ
* ׂ

### Anagrams

* חפת, פ־ת־ח, פת״ח
# תיבל
## Hebrew

* Root
* ת־ב־ל (t-b-l)
* 4 terms

### Verb

תיבל / תִּבֵּל • (tibél) (pi'el construction, passive counterpart תובל / תֻּבַּל)
* to spice, to flavour, to season
# kürtő
## Hungarian
### Etymology

kürt (“[French] horn”) +‎ -ő (diminutive suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkyrtøː]
* Hyphenation: kür‧tő
* Rhymes: -tøː

### Noun

kürtő (plural kürtők)
* (architecture) flue
* (loosely) chimney stack
* funnel, smokestack (smoke flue or pipe; the chimney of a steamship or the like)
* vent (opening through which gases, especially air, can pass)
* (archaic) chimney
    Synonym: kémény
* (mining) airway
* (geology) chimney, vent (narrow vertical cave passage; opening in a volcano)

#### Derived terms

* kürtős → kürtősfánk, kürtőskalács
* kürtődugó
* kürtőkalap
* kürtőnyílás

### References

* ↑ kürtő in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

### Further reading

* kürtő in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# feamnach
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish femnach. By surface analysis, feamainn +‎ -ach

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈfʲamˠən̪ˠəx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈfʲamˠnˠa(x)/

### Noun

feamnach f (genitive singular feamnaí)
* (collective) seaweed

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
feamnach
vocative
a fheamnach
genitive
feamnaí
dative
feamnach feamnaigh (archaic, dialectal)
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an fheamnach
genitive
na feamnaí
dative
leis an bhfeamnach leis an bhfeamnaigh (archaic, dialectal) don fheamnach don fheamnaigh (archaic, dialectal) :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “femnach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 261, page 133
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 295, page 105

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “feamnaċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 303
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “feamnach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

feamnach f
* genitive singular of feamainn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# shwâmu'
## Ghomala'
### Numeral

shwâmu'
* eleven

#### Related terms

* ŋkhə
* cwɔ̀p

### References

* Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)
* DəmsimTV
# tukap
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tu‧kap
* IPA: /tuˈkap/ [tuˈkap]

### Adjective

tukáp (intensified tukapon, Basahan spelling ᜆᜓᜃᜉ᜔)
* meticulous
    Synonyms: matubis, matali, suripot

#### Derived terms

* katukapan

## Ivatan
### Etymology

Cognate with Yami tokap.

### Noun

tukap
* shoe
# sou-
## Chuukese
### Prefix

sou-
* used to form an agent noun

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech sú-, from Proto-Slavic *sǫ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sou̯ ]

### Prefix

sou-
* com-, con-, co- (a prefix denoting a connection or link)

#### Derived terms

* sounáležitost
* soupeř
* souprava
* sousoší
* souznění
* souznět

#### Related terms

* spolu-

### Further reading

* sou- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su/

### Prefix

sou-
* Alternative form of sous-
# אנקה
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־נ־ק (ʾ-n-q)
* 1 term

### Noun

אֲנָקָה • (anaká) f
* moan

### References

* “אנקה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* אנחה on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# zapowietrzony
## Polish
### Etymology

From zapowietrzyć +‎ -ony.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.pɔ.vjɛˈtʂɔ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnɘ
* Syllabification: za‧po‧wie‧trzo‧ny

### Adjective

zapowietrzony (comparative bardziej zapowietrzony, superlative najbardziej zapowietrzony, no derived adverb)
* (archaic, sometimes nominalized) infected (e.g. of a person; having an infectious disease)
    Synonym: zakażony
* infectious (e.g. of an area; hosting an infectious disease)
* airlocked
* (colloquial, derogatory) infectious (e.g. of a person; negative, bad)

#### Declension
### Participle

zapowietrzony (passive adjectival)
* masculine singular passive adjectival participle of zapowietrzyć

#### Declension
### Interjection

zapowietrzony
* (Kielce, mildly vulgar) weak swear word; damn it!
    Synonym: powietrzny

### Further reading

* zapowietrzony in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zapowietrzony in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Jan Łoś (1886) “zapov́etřony”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume 11, page 190
# מוטב
## Hebrew

* Root
* ט־ו־ב (ṭ-w-b)
* 8 terms

### Adjective

מוּטָב • (mutáv)
* better, preferable
    מוטב מאוחר מאף פעם. ― mutáv m'ukhár me'áf pá'am. ― Better late than never.

### Noun

מוּטָב • (mutáv) m
* (banking) payee
* beneficiary

### References

* “מוטב” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# κακίστην
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.kís.tɛːn/ → /kaˈcis.tin/ → /kaˈcis.tin/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.kís.tɛːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kaˈkis.te̝n/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /kaˈcis.tin/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /kaˈcis.tin/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /kaˈcis.tin/

### Adjective

κᾰκῐ́στην • (kăkĭ́stēn)
* feminine accusative singular of κᾰ́κῐστος (kắkĭstos)
# ӏаж
## Chechen
### Etymology

Borrowed from substrate. Reconstruction of the Proto-Nakh form is impossible because of irregular correspondences, contrary to Starostin and Nikolaev. Cognates include Ingush ӏаж class bb (ˀaž).
Possible cognate with Chechen хьа̄ч class bd (ḥʳaač, “cherry plum [Prunus divaricata]”), Ingush хьач class bb (ḥʳač, “plum; plum tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʡaːʒ/

### Noun

ӏа̄ж • (ˀaaž) class bd (plural ӏе̄жаш)
* apple
* apple tree

### References

* Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “ӏаж”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 239ab

## Ingush
### Etymology

Borrowed from substrate. Reconstruction of the Proto-Nakh form is impossible because of irregular correspondences, contrary to Starostin and Nikolaev. Cognates include Chechen ӏа̄ж class bd (ˀaaž).
Possible cognate with Chechen хьа̄ч class bd (ḥʳaač, “cherry plum [Prunus divaricata]”), Ingush хьач class bb (ḥʳač, “plum; plum tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʡaʒ/

### Noun

ӏаж • (ˀaž) class bb (plural ӏажаш)
* apple
* apple tree

### References

* Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “ӏаж”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 194b
# φῦσα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰŷː.sa/ → /ˈɸy.sa/ → /ˈfi.sa/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰŷː.sa/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpʰy.sa/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɸy.sa/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈfy.sa/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈfi.sa/

### Etymology 1

Nominal formation in σᾶ (sâ), with the exact form and origin of the root unclear. Candidates include φυ- (phu-), φυσ- (phus-), φυτ- (phut-), or φυκ- (phuk-), but none of these can be shown to have existed in Greek.
Comparanda include Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath, wind, fart”) (< φυκ-ι̯α (phuk-i̯a); however, φῦσα (phûsa) cannot derive from this form), Sanskrit फूत्करोति (phūtkaroti, “to puff, blow”) (< φυτ-ι̯α (phut-i̯a)), फुफुस (phuphusa, “lungs”), as well as Latin pustula (“bladder”),Classical Persian پوگان (pūgān, “uterus”),Dari پوقانه (pōqāna, “urine bladder”),Iranian Persian پپ (pop, “lung (Qaenī dialect)”), Old Church Slavonic пухати (puxati, “to blow”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (puṣyati, “to thrive, prosper”). (< φυσ- (phus-)).
Despite the existence of all this Indo-European material, the word may well have a Pre-Greek origin, based on the suffix of the derivative φῦσιγξ (phûsinx, “heel blister”), as well as the lack of solid evidence for a Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. Regardless, the words mentioned above, as well as the Greek term, may have onomatopoeic origins.

#### Noun

φῦσᾰ • (phûsă) f (genitive φῡ́σης); first declension
* (mostly in the plural) pair of bellows; smithies
* (anatomy) bladder
    Synonym: κύστις (kústis)
* pouch of the beaver
* breath, wind, blast
* wind in the body, flatus
* (of fire) stream, jet
* bubble
* crater of a volcano
* (botany) calyx of φυσαλλίς (phusallís)
* kind of fish found in the Nile

##### Derived terms

* ἄφῡσος (áphūsos)
* φῡσᾰλέος (phūsăléos)
* φῡσᾰ́λλῐς (phūsắllĭs)
* φῡσᾰλος (phūsălos)
* φῡσᾰ́ρῐον (phūsắrĭon)
* φῡσᾰσμός (phūsăsmós)
* φῡσᾰ́ω (phūsắō)
* φῡ́σημᾰ (phū́sēmă)
* φῡ́σησῐς (phū́sēsĭs)
* φῡσητήρ (phūsētḗr)
* φῡσητής (phūsētḗs)
* φῡσητός (phūsētós)
* φῡσήφρων (phūsḗphrōn)
* φῡσῐ́ᾱμᾰ (phūsĭ́āmă)
* φῡσῐᾰσμός (phūsĭăsmós)
* φῦσῐγξ (phûsĭnx)
* φῡσῐ́όω (phūsĭ́óō)
* φῡσῐ́ωσῐς (phūsĭ́ōsĭs)
* φῠ́σκη (phŭ́skē)
* φῡσόβᾰθρον (phūsóbăthron)
* φῡσοειδής (phūsoeidḗs)
* φῡσόομαι (phūsóomai)
* φῠστή (phŭstḗ)
* φῡσώδης (phūsṓdēs)

##### Descendants

* → Translingual: Physostigma

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

φῦσᾰ • (phûsă)
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of φῡ́ς (phū́s)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φῦσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1599-600

### Further reading

* “φῦσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “φῦσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* φῦσα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# hólf
## Icelandic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hulfą, related to hvolf.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /houlv/
* Rhymes: -oulv

### Noun

hólf n (genitive singular hólfs, nominative plural hólf)
* compartment, box

#### Derived terms

* afrennslishólf
* afréttarhólf
* afturhólf
* áburðarhólf
* bakhólf
* bankahólf
* beitarhólf
* bensínhólf
* blóðhólf
* brennsluhólf
* bréfahólf
* brunahólf
* brunnhólf
* bökunarhólf
* draghólf
* eldhólf
* eldiviðarhólf
* eldvarnarhólf
* farangurshólf
* festarhólf
* fjárskiptahólf
* fleytihólf
* fleytishólf
* forhólf
* framhólf
* frystihólf
* gashólf
* geymsluhólf
* girðingarhólf
* glerhólf
* gluggahólf
* grindarhólf
* hanskahólf
* hilluhólf
* hjartahólf
* hnapphólf
* hólfa
* hólfaður
* innskotshólf
* inntakshólf
* kvikuhólf
* leynihólf
* lofthólf
* múrhólf
* mýrarhólf
* peningahólf
* pósthólf
* rofahólf
* sauðfjárveikivarnahólf
* skjalahólf
* skjaldhólf
* sleppihólf
* soghólf
* sprengihólf
* stikilhólf
* suðuhólf
* talhólf
* túnhólf
* vatnshólf
* vaxhólf
* þéttihólf
* þverhólf
* öryggishólf
* öskuhólf
# תדירות
## Hebrew

* Root
* ת־ד־ר (t-d-r)
* 1 term

### Noun

תְּדִירוּת • (t'dirút) f (plural indefinite תְּדִירוּיוֹת, singular construct תְּדִירוּת־)
* frequency

### References

* “תדירות” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* תדירות on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# rostu
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrostu]
* Rhymes: -ostu
* Hyphenation: ro‧s‧tu

### Verb

rostu
* first-person singular present indicative of růst

## Esperanto
### Verb

rostu
* imperative of rosti

## Kristang
### Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese rosto.

### Noun

rostu
* face

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɔstu]

### Verb

rostu
* first-person singular present of rosć
* third-person plural present of rosć
# שוני
## Hebrew

* Root
* שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h)
* 10 terms

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʃoni/

### Noun

שוני / שֹׁנִי • (shóni) m [pattern: קֹטֶל]
* difference
# κάκιστοι
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ká.kis.toi̯/ → /ˈka.cis.ty/ → /ˈka.cis.ti/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ká.kis.toi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈka.kis.ty/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈka.cis.ty/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈka.cis.ty/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈka.cis.ti/

### Adjective

κᾰ́κῐστοι • (kắkĭstoi)
* masculine nominative/vocative plural of κᾰ́κῐστος (kắkĭstos)
# elud
## Estonian
### Noun

elud
* nominative plural of elu
# Մերձավոր Արևելք
## Armenian
### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /meɾd͡zɑˈvoɾ ɑɾeˈvelkʰ/, [meɾd͡zɑvóɾ ɑɾevélkʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /meɾt͡sɑˈvoɾ ɑɾeˈvelk/, [meɾt͡sʰɑvóɾ ɑɾevélkʰ]

### Proper noun

Մերձավոր Արևելք • (Merjavor Arewelkʻ) (traditional orthography spelling Մերձաւոր Արևելք)
* Near East
* Middle East

#### See also

* Միջին Արևելք (Miǰin Arewelkʻ)

### References

* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (2006) “Ašxarhagrakan anunneri hayeren taṙadarjutʻyan masin orošum [A Decision on Armenian Transcription of Geographic Names]”, in Terminabanakan ew uġġagrakan teġekatu [Terminological and Orthographic Reference Book]‎ (in Armenian), 6th edition, Yerevan: 9-rd hrashalik, →ISBN, page 47
# seòmar
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Scots chaumer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɔːmər/

### Noun

seòmar m (genitive singular seòmair, plural seòmraichean)
* room, chamber, apartment

#### Derived terms

* bròg-sheòmair (“slipper”)
* buachaill-seòmair (“valet-de-chambre”)
* ceòl seòmrach (“chamber music”)
* cùil-sheòmar (“bedchamber; back room”)
* eadar-sheòmar, for-sheòmar (“lobby”)
* frith-sheòmar (“side room, small apartment”)
* mach-sheòmar, roimh-sheòmar, ro-sheòmar, seòmar-aghaidh, seòmar-toisich (“antechamber”)
* rùn-sheòmar (“council chamber”)
* seòmar dorcha (“darkroom”)
* seòmar-altraim, seòmar-àraich, seòmar-cloinne (“nursery”)
* seòmar-aodachaidh, seòmar-culaidh (“vestry”)
* seòmar-aoigheachd, seòmar-biadhtachd, seòmar-dìnnearach (“dining room”)
* seòmar-beòil (“front room”)
* seòmar-bìdh (“dining room; larder, pantry”)
* seòmar-breithe (“delivery room”)
* seòmar-cadail, seòmar-laighe, seòmar-leapa (“bedroom”)
* seòmar-céilidh (“parlour”)
* seòmar-còmhnaidh (“living room”)
* seòmar-cuideachd (“drawing room”)
* seòmar-cùil (“back room”)
* seòmar-deasachaidh (“cutting room”)
* seòmar-èididh, seòmar-sgeadachaidh (“dressing room”)
* seòmar-feitheimh (“waiting room”)
* seòmar-gnothaich (“business room, office”)
* seòmar-ionnlaid (“bathroom”)
* seòmar-leabhraichean (“library”)
* seòmar-leughaidh (“reading room”)
* seòmar-luinge (“cabin on a boat”)
* seòmar-mullaich (“upper room, garret”)
* seòmar-òil (“taproom, bar, drinking room”)
* seòmar-rannsachaidh (“study”)
* seòmar-riaghlaidh (“ruling chamber”)
* seòmar-stiùiridh (“control room”)
* seòmar-suidhe (“sitting room, lounge”)
* seòmar-taisbeanaidh (“showroom”)
* seòmar-teagaisg (“classroom”)
* seòmar-uaigneach (“closet”)
* seòmarach (“chambered, pertaining to or having rooms”, adjective)
* sràid-sheòmar (“gallery”)
* uamh-sheòmar (“cell”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “seòmar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
# Hamiltonian
## English
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -əʊniən

### Etymology 1

From Hamilton (a surname) +‎ -ian.

#### Adjective

Hamiltonian (not comparable)
* (mathematics) Of, attributed to or inspired by the Irish mathematician, astronomer and physicist William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865).
* (mathematics, graph theory, of a cycle/path) That visits each vertex exactly once.
* (mathematics, graph theory, of a graph) Containing a Hamiltonian cycle.
** 2016, Jacky Cresson, Jordy Palafox, “Isochronous centers of polynomial Hamiltonian systems and a conjecture of Jarque and Villadelprat”, in arXiv‎:Using the correction of a vector field to characterize isochronicity and explicit computations of this quantity for polynomial vector fields, wa are able to describe a very large class of nonisochronous Hamiltonian system of even degree of degree arbitrary large.
* (historical, chiefly US, of certain fiscal policies) Advocated by American politician Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804).
* Relating to James Hamilton (1769–1831), or his method of teaching languages without grammar, by a literal interlinear word-for-word translation.
* Of, relating to, or in the literary style of Edmond Hamilton (1904–1977), American science fiction writer.
* Relating to Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet (1788–1856), Scottish metaphysician.

##### Derived terms

* Hamiltonian constraint
* Hamiltonian cycle
* Hamiltonianness
* Hamiltonian path
* Hamiltonian spite
* hypohamiltonian
* pseudohamiltonian

#### Noun

Hamiltonian (plural Hamiltonians)
* (physics, Hamiltonian mechanics) A function (of time), denoted H, that corresponds to the total energy of the system.
** 2016, Edward Farhi, Aram W Harrow, “Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm”, in arXiv‎:We contrast this with the case of sampling from the output of a quantum computer running the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (QADI) with the restriction that the Hamiltonian that governs the evolution is gapped and stoquastic.
** 2016, R. Barends et al., “Digitized adiabatic quantum computing with a superconducting circuit”, in Nature, 534, 222-226, 9 June 2016:As stoquastic problems we use frustrated Ising Hamiltonians, having random local X and Z ﬁelds, and random σ$_z$σ$_z$ couplings.
* (physics, quantum mechanics) The observable, denoted H, that corresponds to the total energy of the system.
* (historical, chiefly US) A member of the faction of the US government in the George Washington administration led by Alexander Hamilton.

##### Derived terms

* H
* Kamiltonian

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Hamilton (a place name) +‎ -ian.

#### Adjective

Hamiltonian (comparative more Hamiltonian, superlative most Hamiltonian)
* Of or relating to any city named Hamilton.

#### Noun

Hamiltonian (plural Hamiltonians)
* A native or inhabitant of any city named Hamilton.