# tristis
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* trīstus (late, proscribed)

### Etymology

Unknown. Variously compared to Proto-West Germanic *þrīstī (“bold, daring”), Ancient Greek δριμύς (drimús, “sharp; bitter”) and Old Church Slavonic дрѧхлъ (dręxlŭ, “sad”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtriːs.tis/, [ˈt̪riːs̠t̪ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈtris.tis/, [ˈt̪rist̪is]

### Adjective

trīstis (neuter trīste, comparative trīstior, superlative trīstissimus, adverb trīste); third-declension two-termination adjective
* sad, unhappy, melancholy, morose
    Synonyms: maestus, infēlīx, miser, aeger
    Antonyms: laetus, alacer, vīvus, fēlīx
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.315–316:excidit officium trīstī mihi. nūlla tuēbar rūra, nec in pretiō fertilis hortus erat.In sadness my duty was forgotten. I was guarding not the fields, neither was a fertile garden in value.
* sorrowful, mournful
* disagreeable, harsh, bitter (of taste)
* foul, offensive (of smell)

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Derived terms

* contrīstō
* pertrīstis
* subtrīstis
* trīstē
* trīsticulus
* trīstificus
* trīstimōnia
* trīstitās
* trīstitia
* trīstitiēs
* trīstitūdō
* trīstor

#### Descendants

Reflexes of the late variant trīstus:
* Balkan Romance:
** Romanian: trist
* North Italian:
** Friulian: trist
** Piedmontese: trist
** Romansch: trist, trest (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
** Venetan: tristo
* Italo-Romance:
** Dalmatian: trist
** Italian: tristo
** Sicilian: tristu
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: trist
** Occitan: trist
** Old French: trist
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: tristo
** Old Spanish: tristo
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: tristu
Unsorted borrowings:
* → Asturian: triste
* → Italian: triste
* → Occitan: triste
* → Old French: triste
** French: triste (see there for further descendants)
* → Galician: triste
* → Old Irish: tríst
* → Old Spanish: triste
** Spanish: triste
* → Portuguese: triste
* → Proto-Brythonic: *trist
** Breton: trist
** Old Welsh: trist
*** Middle Welsh: trist
**** Welsh: trist
* → Sicilian: tristi

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tristis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 302
* 1 2 3 Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “tristis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 706
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “trīstis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 630
* ↑ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “trīstis, -e”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 703
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1092”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1092

### Further reading

* “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* tristis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* tristis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) an evil omen; presage of ill: omen infaustum, triste