# 嵐

| 嵐 | U+5D50, &#23888; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D50 |
| ← 嵏 [U+5D4F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嵑 → [U+5D51] |
| 嵐 | U+F921, &#63777; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F921 |
| ← 鸞 [U+F920] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 濫 → [U+F922] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嵐 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 山竹弓戈 (UHNI), four-corner 2221$_7$, composition ⿱山風)

#### Derived characters

* 𣛄, 𨅏, 𫙹

#### Related characters

* 岚 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 316, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8289
* Dae Jaweon: page 617, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 788, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5D50
* Unihan data for U+F921

### Usage notes

Note the difference in meaning in Chinese ("mountain mist") and Japanese ("storm").

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嵐 | *b·ruːm |
| 葻 | *b·uːm |
| 釩 | *pʰomʔ |
| 汎 | *pʰoms, *bum |
| 凡 | *bom |
| 帆 | *bom, *boms |
| 颿 | *bom, *boms |
| 軓 | *bomʔ |
| 梵 | *bloms, *bum |
| 芃 | *boːŋ, *bum |
| 風 | *plum, *plums |
| 飌 | *plum |
| 楓 | *plum |
| 猦 | *plum |
| 偑 | *plum |
| 檒 | *plum |
| 瘋 | *plum |
| 諷 | *plums |
| 堸 | *blum |
| 渢 | *blum |
| 鳳 | *bums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·ruːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + abbreviated phonetic 葻 (OC *b·uːm)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lán (lan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laam$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): lam$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nam$^5$ / lam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$le
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lán
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^2$
*** Yale: lán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laam$^4$
*** Yale: làahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lam¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
*** Tâi-lô: lâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nam$^5$ / lam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâm / lâm
*** Sinological IPA : /nam⁵⁵/, /lam⁵⁵/
* nam5 - Shantou;
* lam5 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: lom
Rime :
| Character | 嵐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧含切 |
| Baxter | lom |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ləm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləm/ |
| Li Rong | /lᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /lɒm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·ruːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嵐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2910 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婪 |
| Old Chinese | /*b·ruːm/ |

### Definitions

嵐
* (literary) mountain mist
* Used in place names.

### Compounds

* 山嵐 / 山岚 (shānlán)
* 岢嵐 / 岢岚 (Kělán)
* 嵐城 / 岚城 (Lánchéng)
* 嵐天 / 岚天 (Lántiān)
* 嵐氣 / 岚气
* 嵐翠鮮明 / 岚翠鲜明
* 左嵐 / 左岚 (Zuǒlán)
* 煙嵐 / 烟岚
* 煙嵐雲岫 / 烟岚云岫

### References

* “嵐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fresh energy from the mountains
* storm, tempest

#### Readings

* Go-on: らん (ran)
* Kan-on: らん (ran)
* Kun: あらし (arashi, 嵐, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 嵐(らん)気(き) (ranki, “mountain mist, mountain air”)
* 嵐(らん)山(ざん) (Ranzan, “Storm Mountain”)
* 嵐(らん)翠(すい) (ransui)
* 煙(えん)嵐(らん), 烟(えん)嵐(らん) (enran)
* 香(こう)嵐(らん)渓(けい) (Kōrankei)
* 秋(しゅう)嵐(らん) (shūran, “autumn storm”)
* 春(しゅん)嵐(らん) (shunran, “spring storm”)
* 翠(すい)嵐(らん) (suiran, “green storm”)
* 晴(せい)嵐(らん) (seiran, “mountain vapor”)
* 青(せい)嵐(らん) (seiran, “blue storm”)
* 夕(せき)嵐(らん) (sekiran, “evening storm”)
* 毘(ひ)嵐(らん) (hiran)
* 五十(いが)嵐(らし) (Igarashi, surname)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 嵐
* あらし Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/arasi/ → /araɕi/
From Old Japanese.
Derivation theories include:
* Compound of 荒ら (ara, “desolate, sparse”, archaic) +‎ 風 (shi, “wind”, obsolete).
* From 荒らし (arashi, “destroyer”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 荒らす (arasu, “destroy, ruin”).
* Apophonic form of 颪 (oroshi, “wind blowing down from the mountains”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あらし [áꜜràshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [a̠ɾa̠ɕi]

#### Noun

嵐(あらし) • (arashi)
* a storm, tempest:
** a windstorm
*** 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 5, poem 249; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 22)
    吹(ふ)くからに秋(あき)の草(くさ)木(き)のしをるればむべ山(やま)風(かぜ)を嵐(あらし)といふらむ
       fuku kara ni aki no kusaki no shiorureba mube yama-kaze o arashi to iuran
       The plants of autumn droop and wither at its touch―that explains, of course, why a wind from the mountains has come to be called a storm.
    Synonyms: 嵐の風 (arashi no kaze), 暴風 (bōfū)
** a rainstorm
    嵐(あらし)の神(かみ)、ケラノス
       Arashi no Kami, Keranosu
       Keranos, God of Storms
    Synonym: 暴風雨 (bōfūu)
** a magnetic storm
    Synonyms: 磁気嵐 (jiki arashi), 地磁気嵐 (chijiki arashi)
* (figurative) a difficulty, discord, strife
    激(はげ)しい感(かん)情(じょう)の嵐(あらし)
       hageshii kanjō no arashi
       an uproar of emotion
* (archaic, obsolete) Short for 嵐の日 (arashi no hi): the first day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar

##### Derived terms

* 嵐(アラシ)草(グサ) (arashigusa)
* 嵐(あらし)子(こ) (arashiko)
* 嵐(あらし)の風(かぜ) (arashi no kaze)
* 嵐(あらし)の大(たい)洋(よう) (Arashi no Taiyō, “Oceanus Procellarum”)
* 嵐(あらし)の日(ひ) (arashi no hi)
* 嵐(あらし)山(やま) (Arashiyama)
* 青(あお)嵐(あらし) (aoarashi, “wind blowing over fresh verdure”)
* 朝(あさ)嵐(あらし) (asārashi)
* 芋(いも)嵐(あらし) (imoarashi)
* 宇(う)宙(ちゅう)線(せん)嵐(あらし) (uchūsen arashi, “cosmic ray storm”)
* 大(おお)嵐(あらし) (ōarashi, “raging storm”)
* 毛(け)嵐(あらし) (kearashi)
* 砂(さ)塵(じん)嵐(あらし) (sajin arashi, “duststorm, sandstorm”)
* 小(さ)夜(よ)嵐(あらし) (sayo arashi, “strong nighttime wind”)
* 地(じ)嵐(あらし) (jiarashi)
* 磁(じ)気(き)嵐(あらし) (jiki arashi, “magnetic storm”)
* 砂(すな)嵐(あらし) (sunārashi, “sandstorm”)
* 太(たい)陽(よう)嵐(あらし) (taiyō arashi, “solar storm”)
* 地(ち)磁(じ)気(き)嵐(あらし) (chijiki arashi, “magnetic storm”)
* 初(はつ)嵐(あらし) (hatsuarashi)
* 花(はな)嵐(あらし) (hanārashi)
* 鼻(はな)嵐(あらし) (hanārashi)
* 春(はる)嵐(あらし) (haruarashi)
* 肱(ひじ)川(かわ)嵐(あらし) (Hijikawa Arashi)
* 山(やま)嵐(あらし) (yamārashi, “mountain storm; judo throwing technique”)
* 夕(ゆう)嵐(あらし) (yūarashi)
* 雪(ゆき)嵐(あらし) (yukiarashi)
* 夜(よ)嵐(あらし) (yoarashi, “night storm”)
* 四(よ)方(も)の嵐(あらし) (yomo no arashi)
* 夜(よ)半(わ)の嵐(あらし) (yowa no arashi)

##### Idioms

* 嵐(あらし)の前(まえ)の静(しず)けさ (arashi no mae no shizukesa, “calm before the storm”)
* 嵐(あらし)を呼(よ)ぶ (arashi o yobu)
* コップの中(なか)の嵐(あらし) (koppu no naka no arashi, “storm in a teacup → tempest in a teapot”)

##### Proverbs

* 花(はな)に嵐(あらし) (hana ni arashi)

#### Proper noun

嵐(あらし) • (Arashi)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 嵐
* らん Grade: S
* on'yomi
/ram/ → /ramʉ/ → /ran/
From Middle Chinese 嵐 (MC lom).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾã̠ɴ]

#### Proper noun

嵐(らん) • (Ran)
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Kokin Wakashū: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry : with Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka, illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 63

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 嵐 (MC lom). Recorded as Middle Korean 남 (nam) (Yale: nam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 嵐 (eumhun 남기(嵐氣) 람, word-initial (South Korea) 남기(嵐氣) 남)
* hanja form of 람, 남 (“mountain mist”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 11.