# 夫子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fūzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^1$ zi$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hu-chír / hu-chú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fūzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fuzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^1$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: fū-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: futzyy
*** Palladius: фуцзы (fuczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: fū jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu-chír
*** Tâi-lô: hu-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hu³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu-chú
*** Tâi-lô: hu-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: pju tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 夫 | 子 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫無切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | pju | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pio/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fū | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)a tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pa ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夫 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fū | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)a/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | man | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夫 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3274 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 夫 | 子 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 跗 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*pa/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

### Noun

夫子
* master (term of address for a teacher)
    老夫子 ― Lǎo Fūzǐ ― Old Master Q, literally, “old master” (a Hong Kong manhua by Alfonso Wong)
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Lǎodān sǐ, Qín Shī diào zhī, sān hào ér chū. Dìzǐ yuē: “Fēi fūzǐ zhī yǒu yé?” Yuē: “Rán.” [Pinyin]
    When Lao Dan died, Qin Shi went to condole (with his son), but after crying out three times, he came out. The disciples said to him, 'Were you not a friend of the Master?' 'I was,' he replied.

### Proper noun

夫子
* Confucius
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐqín wèn yú zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ zhì yúshì bāng yě, bì wén qí zhèng, qiú zhī yǔ? Yì yǔ zhī yǔ?” Zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ wēn, liáng, gōng, jiǎn, ràng yǐ dé zhī. Fūzǐ zhī qiúzhī yě, qí zhū yì hū rén zhī qiúzhī yú?” [Pinyin]
    Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Zi Gong said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The master’s mode of asking information! - is it not different from that of other men?"

#### Synonyms

* 仲尼 (Zhòngní)
* 先師 / 先师 (xiānshī)
* 先聖 / 先圣 (xiānshèng)
* 孔 (kǒng)
* 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū)
* 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ)
* 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ)
* 孔子公 (Hokkien)
* 素王 (sùwáng)

#### Derived terms

* 夫子廟 / 夫子庙 (fūzǐmiào)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 夫(ふう)子(し) (fūshi)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 夫 | 子 |
| ふう Grade: 4 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふうし [fúꜜùshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟ːɕi]

#### Noun

夫(ふう)子(し) • (fūshi)
* master (term of address for a teacher)
* Confucius

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 夫 | 子 |
| せ Grade: 4 | こ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 夫子 – see the following entry. :
| 【背子せこ】 | [noun] term used by a woman for a man she is on intimate terms with [noun] term used by a women for her own brothers Alternative spelling 兄子 |
(This term, 夫子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN