# camus
## English
### Noun

camus
* Obsolete form of camis (clothing).

### Further reading

* “camus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* CUSMA, sumac, USMCA, musac, Musca, musca, MUSCA

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French camus, from Old French camus, from Proto-Celtic *kambos. Compare Italian camuso (“snub-nosed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.my/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

camus (feminine camuse, masculine plural camus, feminine plural camuses)
* flat-nosed

#### Related terms

* camard

### Further reading

* “camus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Doric Greek κᾱμός (kāmós), Attic Greek κημός (kēmós, “muzzle, nose-bag; face-mask; a female ornament”).

### Noun

cāmus m (genitive cāmī); second declension
* (doubtful) a punishment device, perhaps a kind of collar for the neck
* (doubtful) a kind of collar for the neck, a necklace or neckband
* (Late Latin) collar, muzzle or snaffle (as for a horse or an ass)
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.26.3:Flagellum equō, et cāmus asinō, et virgā in dorsō imprūdentium.A whip for a horse, and a snaffle for an ass, and a rod for the back of fools. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Quotations

For the sense punishment device; necklace:
In Quintus Horatius Flaccus' Satirae or Sermones, liber I, the reading of this word is doubtful: it may either have been cāmus as a punishment device, or Cadmus as a proper noun. Compare for example:
* Des Q. Horatius Flaccus Sermonen, vol. I, ed. Hermann Fritzsche, Leipzig, 1875, page 154f.:
    „Tune, Syri, Damae, aut Dionysi filius, audes Deicere de saxo civīs aut tradere camo?“
* Horace Satires, Epistles and Ars poetica with an English translation by H. Rushton Fairclough, 1942, page 78f.:
    "tune, Syri, Damae aut Dionysi filius, audes deicere de saxo civis aut tradere Cadmo?"
       "Do you, the son of a Syrus, a Dama, a Dionysius, dare to fling from the rock or to hand over to Cadmus citizens of Rome?"
In Lucius Attius or Accius as cited by Nonius Marcellus, cāmus is interpreted as a punishment device or a necklace. See for example:
* Nonius Marcellus, De compendiosa doctrina, p. 200, line 16f. In: Wallace M. Lindsay ed., Nonii Marcelli de conpendiosa doctrina, vol. I, LL. I–III, Leipzig, 1903, page 294:
    Collus masculino Accius Epigonis (302): . quid cesso ire ád eam? em, praesto ést: camo collúm gravem.
* Otto Ribbeck, Scaenicae romanorum poesis fragmenta. Vol. I, Leipzig, 1897, page 202f.:
    <Séd> quid cesso ire ád eam? em praesto est: <ém> camo collúm grauem!
    Non. 200, 15 'collus masculino Accius Epigono . . .'
* Tr. E. H. Warmington, Remains of Old Latin, vol. II, 1936, page 426f. (Lucius Accius (or Atticus), Epigoni):
    287 Nonius, 200, 16: ' Collus' masculino . . .– Alcmeo . . . Quid cesso ire ad eam? Em praesto est: camo collum graven!
       287 Alcmaeon sees Eriphyle decked with the necklace with which she was bribed: Nonius: 'Collus' in the masculine . . .– Alcmaeon I'll not Delay to approach her. See! She is at hand. How heavy with the neck-band is her throat!

#### Descendants

* Italian: camo
* Proto-West Germanic: *kāmō (see there for further descendants)

### References

* “camus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “camus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* camus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 251.
* “camus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “camus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Old Prussian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kamus, from Proto-Indo-European *kemH- (“to hum”), of imitative origin, see also Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (“bumblebee”), *komãrъ (“mosquito”), Lithuanian kamãnė.

### Noun

camus
* bumblebee
** Elbing German-Prussian Vocabulary
    Hu͡mele Camus

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

camus m (genitive singular camuis, plural camusan) (Canada, superseded in Scotland)
* Alternative form of camas (“wide bay”)