# इष्टका
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* इष्टिका (iṣṭikā)

### Alternative forms

* ইষ্টকা (Assamese script)
* ᬇᬱ᭄ᬝᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
* ইষ্টকা (Bengali script)
* 𑰂𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀇𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ဣၑ္ဋကာ (Burmese script)
* ઇષ્ટકા (Gujarati script)
* ਇਸ਼੍ਟਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌇𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦆꦰ꧀ꦛꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂅𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂍𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಇಷ್ಟಕಾ (Kannada script)
* ឥឞ្ដកា (Khmer script)
* ອິຩ຺ຏກາ (Lao script)
* ഇഷ്ടകാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡳᢢᢞᠠᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘂𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠢᢔᢌᠠᢉᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦢𑧌𑧠𑦸𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐂𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଇଷ୍ଟକା (Odia script)
* ꢄꢰ꣄ꢜꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆅𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖂𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ඉෂ‍්ටකා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩑𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩜𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚂𑚶𑚔𑚊𑚭 (Takri script)
* இஷ்டகா (Tamil script)
* ఇష్టకా (Telugu script)
* อิษฺฏกา (Thai script)
* ཨི་ཥྚ་ཀཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒃𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨁𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨋𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *íṣṭakaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH (“brick”), possibly from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), Persian خشت (xešt, “brick”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /íʂ.ʈɐ.kɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈiʂ.ʈɐ.kɑː/

### Noun

इष्टका • (íṣṭakā) stem, f
* brick
* bakestone

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Khowar: اݰٹو (ušṭu)
*** → Phalura: اݜٹو (iṣṭū́)
*** → Yazghulami: [script needed] (uštu), [script needed] (uštū)
* Pali: iṭṭhakā
* Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā) (see there for further descendants)
* Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭagā), 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭāgā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))
** Eastern Indo-Aryan:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: ইটা (ita)
**** Bihari: ईँट (ī̃ṭ), ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
***** Bhojpuri: ईँटि (ī̃ṭi)
***** Maithili: ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
**** Odia: ଇଟା (iṭā)
** Northern Indo-Aryan:
*** Nepali: इँट्टा (ĩṭṭā)
* → Dravidian:
** Kannada: ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (iṭṭige)
** Telugu: ఇటుక (iṭuka)
** Kolami: ఇట్కె (iṭke)
** Malayalam: ഇഷ്ടിക (iṣṭika)
** Tamil: இட்டிகை (iṭṭikai)
* → Old Javanese: iṣṭakā, wiṣṭaka
* → Thai:
** Thai: อิฐ (ìt)

### References

* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 4
* ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “इष्टका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/3.
* ↑ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “'uštu”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page Í9Β

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “istaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72