# 俘

| 俘 | U+4FD8, &#20440; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FD8 |
| ← 俗 [U+4FD7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 俙 → [U+4FD9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俘 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人月弓木 (OBND), four-corner 2224$_7$, composition ⿰亻孚)
* prisoner of war
* take as prisoner

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 697
* Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 164, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4FD8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俘 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| Oracle bone scriptj19199j19200j19201j19202Bronze inscriptionsb12410Small seal scripts05882 |||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 殍 | *brɯwʔ, *browʔ, *pʰuw |
| 脬 | *pʰruː |
| 捊 | *bruː, *buw |
| 莩 | *browʔ, *pʰuw |
| 哹 | *pu, *bu |
| 浮 | *bu |
| 蜉 | *bu |
| 桴 | *bu, *pʰuw |
| 罦 | *bu, *pʰuw |
| 琈 | *bu |
| 粰 | *bu |
| 烰 | *bu |
| 艀 | *bu |
| 俘 | *pʰuw |
| 孚 | *pʰuw |
| 孵 | *pʰuw |
| 稃 | *pʰuw |
| 郛 | *pʰuw |
| 筟 | *pʰuw |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw, “to capture”) – to capture. Originally written 孚.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fú (fu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fù
    (Hailu, HRS): fu
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hû / hu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fú
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fú
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^1$
*** Yale: fū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /hu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû
*** Tâi-lô: hû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /hu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
*** Tâi-lô: hu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³³/
* Middle Chinese: phju
Rime :
| Character | 俘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 芳無切 |
| Baxter | phju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰio/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰuw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3355 |
| Phonetic component | 孚 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敷 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰuw/ |
| Notes | 更古音滯後 |

### Definitions

俘
* to capture (enemy at war)
* prisoner of war

### Compounds

* 俘囚
* 俘擄 / 俘掳
* 俘獲 / 俘获 (fúhuò)
* 俘虜 / 俘虏 (fúlǔ)
* 俘馘
* 傷俘 / 伤俘
* 受俘
* 戰俘 / 战俘 (zhànfú)
* 獻俘 / 献俘
* 被俘 (bèifú)

### References

* “Entry #15175”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “Entry #7938”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “俘”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 68.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふ (fu)
* Kan-on: ふ (fu)
* Kun: とりこ (toriko, 俘)

### Noun

俘(とりこ) • (toriko)
* prisoner, captive
* slave to one's emotions

#### Alternative forms

* 虜

## Korean
### Hanja

俘 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
* captive