# sist
## English
### Etymology

Latin sistō (“I bring to a stand, stop”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪst/
* Rhymes: -ɪst
* Homophones: cist, cyst
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

sist (third-person singular simple present sists, present participle sisting, simple past and past participle sisted)
* (law, Scotland) To stay (e.g. judicial proceedings); to delay or suspend; to stop
* (law, Scotland) to cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court
** 1852, William Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform:Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or generative principle.

### Noun

sist (plural sists)
* (law, Scotland) a stay or suspension of proceedings
** 1693, James Dalrymple Stair, The institutions of the law of Scotland, page 755:Fourteen Days are only allowed for Sists of Execution, from the Date the Bill was signed, for the Clerks inquiring in the Condition of the Cautioner […]

### Anagrams

* Sits, ists, SITs, S.T.I.s, TSIs, sits, STIs

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪst

### Verb

sist
* inflection of sissen:
** second/third-person singular present indicative
** (archaic) plural imperative

## Latvian
### Etymology

The origin of this word is not entirely clear. It has been compared with Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “to prick, to pierce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱent- (“to pierce”): its zero grade *ḱn̥t would have yielded Proto-Baltic *šint-, whence Latvian sīt-, probably the stem of archaic term sīts (“hunting spear”). This hypothesis, however, does not explain the short i in the present stem sit- (with the s in the infinitive from *sit-ti > sist). A possibly better hypothesis is to derive sist from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to stretch one's arm; tension, strength”): its zero grade *si- would have yielded Proto-Baltic *sit- with an extra t, whence sit-ti > sist. The meaning would have changed from “to flex one's muscles” to “to use one's muscles (to hit),” whence “to hit.”

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

sist (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present situ, sit, sit, past situ)
* (intransitive, often with a dative complement) to hit, to strike, to beat (move a body part or an object in order to touch so as to inflict pain, injury or death; to hit in order to change or direct an object)
    sist uzbrucējam ― to hit the attacker
    sist bērnam pa pirkstiem ― to hit a child on the fingers
    sist zirgam ar pātagu ― to hit a horse with a whip
    Uldis sita... sitiens bija ass, spēcīgs un precīzs: trāpīja taisni sejā ― Uldis hit... the hit was sharp, strong and precise: straight in the face
    jūs man nekādā ziņā nesistu, ja riskētu vienas pļaukas vietā pretī saņemt divas ― you would never hit me, if you risked to get two slaps for every one you give
* (transitive) to hit, to strike, to beat (something)
    sist mušas ― to hit (and kill) flies
    sist ar pātagu zāli ― to hit the grass with a whip
    sist nost, zemē ― to kill (lit. to strike down, to the ground)
    te ļaudis sita, līdz asinīm ― here they beat people, till they bleed
    meitene kliedza, vaimanāja, skrēja cūkai priekšā, sita to ar stibu ― the girl screamed, howled, ran to the pig (and) hit it with a cane
* (colloquial, in armed combat) to hit (to attack, defeat the enemy)
    mūsu karstākā vēlēšanās bija sist ienaidnieku tā, lai to pēc iespējas ātrāk padzītu no mūsu teritorijas ― our most ardent desire was to hit the enemy so as to drive him out of our territory as soon as possible
* (transitive) to hit, beat (move a body part or an object in order to touch in order to change or direct an object in a desirable way, or to obtain a certain effect, to make noise, etc.)
    sist ar āmuru kaļamo dzelzi ― to hit malleable iron with a hammer
    sist bumbu ar kāju ― to hit the ball (with one's foot)
    sist dēlī naglas ― to hit (= drive) the nails in(to) the board
    sist kājas pret grīdu ― to hit (one's) feet against the floor
    pie kantora puiši sita volejbolu ― near the office the boys were hitting (= playing) volleyball
    zirgu pakavi sit ielas bruģu akmeņus caurām dienām ― the horse hooves hit the street pavement all day long
* (transitive) to hit, to break (to cause something to split or shatter)
    sist traukus, stiklu ― to hit (= break) dishes, glass
    Zenta rosījās pie plīts un sita olas ― Zenta was busy at the stove and (she) hit (= broke) (some) eggs
* (transitive, in table or card games) to hit, to get (to obtain a piece or card from one's opponent, according to the rules of the game)
    sist laidni ― to hit (= get) (the opponent's) bishop (in chess)
    sist kārava dūzi ― to hit (= get) (the opponent's) ace of diamonds
    sist trumpas ― to hit the trump
* (transitive) to slam, to shut (or also to open) noisily, violently (e.g., a door, window, etc.)
    sist durvis ― to slam the door
    bet tu sitot staļļa durvis par daudz stipri... ka cienīgā nemaz nevarot dabūt aizmigt ― but you apparently slammed the stable door too strongly... so that the honorable (lady) could not get to sleep
    gājējs... ieiet pa mazajiem vārtiņiem, kurus vējš... sit no vienas puses uz otru ― the pedestrian entered by the little gate, which the wind slammed (shut) from one side to the other
    “telegrammas!”... brašs puisis, sārts un saskrējies, uz sliekšņa sita vaļā savu ādas somu ― “telegramme!”... a fine young man on the threshold, healthy, quick to the door, hit his leather bag open (= opened it strongly and decisively)
    tikko koridorā atskanēja zvans, visi skolēni sita ciet grāmatas un cēlās augšā ― as soon as the bell rang in the corridor, all students slammed their books shut and stood up
* to hit, to beat (to make noise by rapidly touching something; to play a percussion instrument)
    sist plaukstas ― to clap (lit. hit) (one's) hands, to applaud
    sist papēžus ― to snap, to click (lit. to hit) (one's) heels
    sist spārnus ― to flap (lit. to hit) (one's) wings
    aizmirsusi, ka esmu naktskreklā, situ pie rūts un māju ar roku ― having forgotten that I had (only) a nightgown on, I hit the (window) pane and wave my hands
    no visa spēka situ pa dzelzīm apkaltajiem vārtiem ― with all (my) strength I hit on the corrugated iron gate
    viņš prot arī bungas sist ― he also knows how to beat (= play) the drums
    un tā es arī situ šķīvjus visos jaunatnes simfoniskā orķestra koncertos ― so I also beat (= play) the cymbals in the concerts of the symphonic orchestra (during) all my youth (= I spent my youth doing it)
* (in the 3rd person; of clocks) to hit, to strike (to produce noise so as to indicate the time)
    pulkstenis sit nepareizi ― the clock is striking wrong
    viņš dzirdēja, kā pulkstenis gaitenī sita stundas ― he heard the clock in the corridor striking the hours
    saimnieces galā sienas pulkstenis sit septīto stundu ― in the hostess' gala the clock strikes seven
    vecais pulkstenis sit divpadsmit reizes ― the old clock strikes twelve times
* (intransitive, in the 3rd person; of one's heart or pulse) to beat, to pulse strongly and rapidly
    sirds strauji sit ― the heart is beating fast
    Ivu pārņēma nepazīts gurdums, sirds dobji sita, un vajadzēja apsēsties uz akas grodiem ― an unfamiliar fatigue overcame Iva, (her) heart beat hollow, and (she) had to sit on the well curb
    Juhaness smagi elpoja... skaidri redzēju, kā viņa deniņos sita pulss ― Juhaness was breathing heavily... I saw clearly that (his) pulse was beating in his temples
    galva kļuva vēl smagāka, un kaut kas ļoti spēcīgi sita ausīs... likās - tās pārplīsīs ― (his) head became even heavier, and something was beating powerfully in his ears... it felt as if it was going to explode
* (in the 3rd person) to hit, to strike, to throw, to shoot (to move fast and strongly against something; to cause motion in something)
    krusa sit sejā ― the hail hits (one's) face (lit. on one's face)
    sit sejā asi zari ― sharp branches hit (one's) face
    vējš sit sniegu sejā ― the wind hits (= throws) the snow on (one's) face
    vējš un lietus sit brezentu ap galvām, pleciem un mugurām ― the wind and the rain hit (= throw) the tarpaulin on the heads, shoulders and backs (of the travelers)
    ugunskurs sit augšup sārtas liesmas ― the fire hits (= throws) red flames up
    strūklaka sit šļakatas ― the fountain hits (= throws, causes) splashes
    upe sit viļņus ― the river is hitting (= making) waves
    ūdens sāka mutuļus sist ― the (river) water began to hit (= make) swirls
    mazgājamā mašīna sita putas pa gaisu, šļakstināja ūdeni uz grīdas ― the washing mashine hit (= threw, shot) foam in the air and splashed water on the floor
* (intransitive, in the 3rd person) to hit, to strike (to have a sudden, powerful effect on the sensory organs)
    spilgtā prožektoru gaisma sita acīs ― the bright projector light hit the eyes (lit. in the eyes)
    smags gaiss rūgteni sit nāsīs ― the heavy air hits bitterly in (people's) noses
* (transitive) to move (a body part) suddenly
    zirgs sitis galvu sāns, izvairoties no suņa uzbrukuma ― the horse hit (= quickly moved) the side of (his) head, avoiding the attack of the dog
* (colloquial) to hit (to type, to write down with a typewriter or similar device)
    neskaitāmas reizes mašīnrakstīšanas kursos bija jāsit vieni un tie paši vārdi ― in the typewriting course (one) had to hit (= type) the very same words countless times
    kāpēc jūs nesitāt telegrammu, mēs būtu aizbraukuši pretim ― why didn't you hit (= send) a telegram, we would have departed (immediately) (if you had)
* (colloquial) to hit, to churn, to stir into a foam or paste
    sist uzputeni ― to hit (= stir, churn) mousse
    pie virtuves loga Paps pamanīja saimnieci, kas sita olu kulteni ― at the window, Paps was watching the farmer's wife, who was hitting (= stirring, scrambling) eggs

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* aizsist
* apsist
* atsist
* iesist
* izsist
* nosist
* pasist
* piesist
* sasist
* uzsist
    other derived terms:
* sisties
* sitējs, sitēja
* sitiens

#### See also

* belzt
* dunkāt

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sist”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪst/

### Verb

sist
* first/second-person singular perfect of sies

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪst/

### Adjective

sist
* weak

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse síðastr.

#### Adjective

sist (neuter singular sist, definite singular and plural siste)
* last (final)
    sist, men ikke minst - last but not least
    aller siste ― very last
    de siste dagene ― the last few days

##### Derived terms

* i det siste
* i siste liten
* sistemann
* sistnevnt
* synge på siste verset

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sízt.

#### Adverb

sist
* last, lastly

### References

* “sist” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪst/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse síðastr.

#### Adjective

sist (indefinite singular sist, definite singular and plural siste)
* last
    Dette er siste gongen eg gjer dette, vonar eg.This is the last time that I am doing this, I hope.

##### Derived terms

* i det siste
* i siste liten
* sistemann

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sízt.

#### Adverb

sist
* last
    Kven kom sist?Who came last?

### References

* “sist” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old French
### Verb

sist
* past participle of seoir

## Polabian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šestь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsist/

### Numeral

sist
* six (6)

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete typography) ſiﬅ

### Etymology

From Old Norse sízt.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

sist (not (comparable))
* last (final)

#### See also

* sista

### Adverb

sist (not comparable)
* last, lastly
    Han var sist hem.He was the last one to come home.

### Further reading

* sist in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* sist in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)