# 経

| 経 | U+7D4C, &#32076; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D4C |
| ← 絋 [U+7D4B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 絍 → [U+7D4D] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 經 |
| Shinjitai | 経 |
| Simplified | 经 |

### Glyph origin

Simplified from 經 (巠 → 圣). Also a Japanese shinjitai. Current form 糸 + 圣, but not etymologically related to 圣.

### Han character

経 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火水土 (VFEG), composition ⿰糹圣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 921, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27392
* Dae Jaweon: page 1354, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3388, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7D4C

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 経 – see 經 (“warp, a thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 經).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 経 |
| Kyūjitai | 經 |

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 經)
* warp (thread running lengthwise)
* longitude
* meridian (in traditional Chinese medicine)
* elapse, pass through
* manage
* hang (by the neck)
* ordinary, usual
* scripture, sutra
* menstruation

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: へる (heru, 経る, Jōyō)、たつ (tatsu, 経つ)、たて (tate, 経)、たていと (tateito, 経)、はかる (hakaru, 経る)
* Nanori: おさむ (osamu)、つね (tsune)、のぶ (nobu)、のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 経衣(きょうえ) (kyōe)
* 経行(きょうぎょう) (kyōgyō)
* 経紙(きょうし) (kyōshi)
* 経蔵(きょうぞう) (Kyōzō)
* 経典(きょうてん) (kyōten)
* 経文(きょうもん) (kyōmon)
* 経絡系(けいらくけい) (keirakukei)
* 経緯(けいい) (keii)
* 経営(けいえい) (keiei)
* 経過(けいか) (keika)
* 経験(けいけん) (keiken)
* 経口(けいこう) (keikō)
* 経国(けいこく) (keikoku)
* 経済(けいざい) (keizai)
* 経死(けいし) (keishi)
* 経書(けいしょ) (keisho)
* 経渉(けいしょう) (keishō)
* 経常(けいじょう) (keijō)
* 経線(けいせん) (keisen)
* 経典(けいてん) (keiten)
* 経度(けいど) (keido)
* 経費(けいひ) (keihi)
* 経閉(けいへい) (keihei)
* 経由(けいゆ) (keiyu), 経由(けいゆう) (keiyū)
* 経絡(けいらく) (keiraku)
* 経理(けいり) (keiri)
* 経略(けいりゃく) (keiryaku)
* 経歴(けいれき) (keireki)
* 経路(けいろ) (keiro)
* 経行(きんひん) (kinhin)
* 一日(いちにち)経(きょう) (ichinichikyō)
* 易(えき)経(きょう) (Ekikyō)
* 看経(かんきょう) (kankyō), 看経(かんきん) (kankin), 看経(かんぎん) (kangin)
* 観経(かんぎょう) (kangyō)
* 偽経(ぎきょう) (gikyō)
* 近経(きんけい) (kinkei)
* 銀経(ぎんけい) (ginkei)
* 弘経(ぐきょう) (gukyō)
* 五経(ごきょう) (Gokyō)
* 古経(こきょう) (kokyō)
* 三部(さんぶ)経(きょう) (Sanbu-kyō)
* 詩経(しきょう) (Shikyō)
* 写経(しゃきょう) (shakyō)
* 書経(しょきょう) (Shokyō)
* 心経(しんぎょう) (Shingyō)
* 西経(せいけい) (seikei)
* 東経(とうけい) (tōkei)
* 道徳(どうとく)経(きょう) (Dōtokukyō)
* 読経(どきょう) (dokyō), 読経(どっきょう) (dokkyō)
* 秘経(ひきょう) (hikyō)
* 諷経(ふぎん) (fugin)
* 閉経(へいけい) (heikei)
* 六経(りくけい) (Rikukei), 六経(りっけい) (Rikkei), 六経(ろっけい) (Rokkei)
* 経緯(いきさつ) (ikisatsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 経
* きょう Grade: 5
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 經 (kyūjitai)
/kʲeu/ → /kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/
From Middle Chinese 經 (MC keng|kengH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, literally “string, thread”) or Pali sutta (literally “string, thread”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょー [kyòó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

経(きょう) • (kyō)
* (Buddhism) a sutra (Buddhist scripture):
** a discourse of the Gautama Buddha, one of the Twelve Divisions of Mahayana Buddhism
    Hypernym: 十二分経 (Jūni-bu-kyō)
** short for 経蔵 (Kyōzō): the Sutta Pitaka, one of the three divisions of the Tripitaka
** collective term for Buddhist literature including sutras in general
    Hypernym: 三蔵 (Sanzō)
* (Buddhism, by extension of reading sutras) a Buddhist service or rite
* a scripture (in religions other than Buddhism)

##### Synonyms

* (sutra): 御(お)経(きょう) (o-kyō), スートラ (sūtora)
* (discourse of the Buddha; division of Tripitaka): 契経(かいきょう) (kaikyō)

##### Derived terms

* 経(きょう)帷子(かたびら) (kyō-katabira)
* 経(きょう)紙(がみ) (kyōgami)
* 経木(きょうぎ) (kyōgi)
* 御経(おきょう) (o-kyō)

#### Proper noun

経(きょう) • (Kyō)
* a surname
* a unisex given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 経
* けい Grade: 5
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 經 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 經 (MC keng|kengH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けー [kéꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Noun

経(けい) • (kei)
* a warp (thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric)
    Synonym: 縦 (tate)
* correct logic or reasoning
* a scripture (in Buddhism, Confucianism, or other religions)
    Synonyms: 経書 (keisho), 経典 (keiten)

#### Proper noun

経(けい) • (Kei)
* a surname
* a unisex given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 経
* たて Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 經 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese.
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 経つ (tatsu, “to elapse; to burn out, said of a candle or oil”), itself cognate with 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たて [táꜜtè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠te̞]

#### Noun

経(たて) • (tate)
* Alternative spelling of 縦 (tate): a warp (thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric); the length, height, distance, or direction between up and down, above and below, or north and south; a hierarchy
* Short for 経糸 (tateito): a warp (thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1512:, text here
    經(たて)毛(も)無(なく)緯(ぬき)毛(も)不定(さだめず)未通女等之(をとめらが)織(おる)黄葉(もみちば)尓(に)霜(しも)莫零(なふりそね) [Man'yōgana]
    経(たて)もなく緯(ぬき)も定(さだ)めず娘子(をとめ)らが織(お)る黄葉(もみちば)に霜(しも)な降(ふ)りそね [Modern spelling]

##### Derived terms

* 経(たて)糸(いと) (tateito)
* 経(たて)畝(うね)織(お)り, 経(たて)畝(うね)織(おり) (tate uneori)
* 経(たて)絣(がすり) (tategasuri)
* 経(たて)緯(ぬき) (tatenuki)
* 経(たて)錦(にしき) (tatenishiki)
* 経(たて)巻(まき), 経(たて)巻(ま)き (tatemaki)
* 経(たて)緯(よこ) (tateyoko)
* 霜(しも)の経(たて) (shimo no tate)
* 日(ひ)の経(たて) (hi no tate)
* 横(よこ)縦(たて), 緯(よこ)経(たて) (yokotate, “breadth and length; woof and warp”)

#### Proper noun

経(たて) • (Tate)
* a surname

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 経
* たていと Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 經 (kyūjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たてーと [tàtéétó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠te̞ːto̞]

#### Noun

経(たていと) • (tateito)
* Alternative spelling of 経糸 (tateito): a warp (thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 経
* ふ Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 經 (kyūjitai)
/pu/ → /fu/
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with classical verb 綜 (fu), modern 綜る (heru, “to weave a warp, said of a loom”).

#### Verb

経(ふ) • (fu) $^†$nidan
* (archaic) to elapse
** 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 20, poem 1100)
    ちはやぶる賀茂(かも)の社(やしろ)の姫(ひめ)小(こ)松(まつ)万(よろづ)世(よ)ふとも色(いろ)は変(か)はらじ
       chihayaburu Kamo-no-yashiro no hime-komatsu yorozuyo fu to mo iro wa kawaraji
       Let ten thousand years pass, and still the Princess Pines at Kamo Shrine alive with the divine fury will not alter their color.
* (archaic) to pass through, go through
* (archaic) to experience

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 経 | へ | fe |
| Continuative (連用形) | 経 | へ | fe |
| Terminal (終止形) | 経 | ふ | fu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 経る | ふる | furu |
| Realis (已然形) | 経れ | ふれ | fure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 経よ | へよ | feyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 経ず | へず | fezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 経れど | ふれど | furedo |
| Causal conjunction | 経れば | ふれば | fureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 経ば | へば | feba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 経き | へき | feki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 経けり | へけり | fekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 経つ | へつ | fetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 経ぬ | へぬ | fenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 経たり | へたり | fetari |
| Volitional | 経む | へむ | femu |

##### Derived terms

* 経(へ)る, 歴(へ)る (heru)
* 経(へ)上(あが)る, 経上(へあ)がる (heagaru)
* 経(へ)勝(まさ)る, 経(へ)優(まさ)る (hemasaru)
* 経(へ)回(めぐ)る, 経(へ)巡(めぐ)る (hemeguru)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1954) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated Book VIII, Leiden: Brill Archive (E.J. Brill), page 106
* ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (1993) A Waka Anthology: Grasses of remembrance (2 v.), Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 14