# roca
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈrɔ.kə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈrɔ.ka]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

roca f (plural roques)
* rock

#### Derived terms

* derrocar
* enrocar
* rocall
* rocalla
* rocam
* rocós
* roquer
* roquetar

### See also

* pedra

### Further reading

* “roca” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “roca”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “roca” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “roca” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka); or, given its open stressed vowel, rather from a West Germanic cognate of it (compare Old High German rocko), from Proto-Germanic *rukkô. Cognate with Portuguese roca and Spanish rueca.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔka̝/

#### Noun

roca f (plural rocas)
* spinning distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)
    Synonyms: galleta, ruxideira
    En cada terra seu uso, en cada roca seu fuso.In every country its customs, for every distaff its spindle. (proverb)
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Polo fio d'unha roca ó estagamo seme bay, é cortafeira coideiche que acababa de finar.By the thread of a distaff my stomach is going away, and Wednesday I though that I had just died.
** 1889, Xulio Alonso Sánchez, O Chufón:Ó redor da lareira, na cuciña da casa máis chea do logar de Outeiro, xunta estaba a familia. O patrón sentado no escano cos pés fóra e por riba das zocas, quentábase, ó mesmo tempo que, cun forquito bandexaba os toxos, que dempois metía pra debaixo do caldeiro; a muller, sentada no chan, partía os cachelos pró caldo, ia herdeira, filla úneca daquel xuntoiro e xoia daquela casa, fiaba na roca os cerros, prá tea do ano.The family was reunited around the hearth, in the kitchen of the fullest house of the hamlet of Outeiro. The head of the household was sitting on the bench, his feet out and on the clogs, warming while he was shaking the furzes with a poke before placing them under the cauldron; the wife, sitting on the ground, was snapping the potatoes for the broth, and the heir, only child of that union and that home's jewel, was spinning the flax on the distaff, for the year's cloth.

##### Derived terms

* rocazo
* rocanzo
* roqueiro
* rocón
* recó

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese roca (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria) borrowed from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of unknown origin. Doublet of rocha.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔka/

#### Noun

roca f (plural rocas)
* rock
    Synonyms: pena, penedo, rocha

##### Related terms

* rocha

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “roca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “roca”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “roca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “roca”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “roca”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “rueca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Irish
### Verb

roca
* present subjunctive analytic of roc

## Italian
### Adjective

roca
* feminine singular of roco

### Anagrams

* acro, acro-, arco, arcò, caro, ocra, orca

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀭𑁄𑀘 (Brahmi script)
* रोच (Devanagari script)
* রোচ (Bengali script)
* රොච (Sinhalese script)
* ရောစ or ရေႃၸ (Burmese script)
* โรจ or โรจะ (Thai script)
* ᩁᩮᩣᨧ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂຣຈ or ໂຣຈະ (Lao script)
* រោច (Khmer script)
* 𑄢𑄮𑄌 (Chakma script)

### Verb

roca
* second-person singular imperative active of rocati

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.kɐ/ [ˈhɔ.kɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.kɐ/ [ˈhɔ.kɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.kɐ/ [ˈχɔ.kɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.ka/ [ˈhɔ.ka]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁɔ.kɐ/

### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rukkô, although the intermediate language is uncertain. Possibly Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka), however, the vowel quality in Iberian Romance (/ɔ/ in Portuguese, /we/ in Spanish) points to a possible West Germanic loanword, or to the influence of Latin rota (“wheel”). Cognate to Galician roca, Spanish rueca, Italian rocca, Old High German rocko (German Rocken).

#### Noun

roca f (plural rocas)
* (spinning) distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)

##### Alternative forms

* rocca (obsolete)

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese roca, from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. Doublet of rocha.

#### Noun

roca f (plural rocas)
* seacliff (cliff by the sea)
* a stony cliff
    Synonyms: rochedo, penhasco
* (archaic) a large rock; a boulder
    Synonyms: rocha, penedo

##### Related terms

* rocha

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

roca
* inflection of rocar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### References

* ↑ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “roca”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)
* ↑ Antenor Nascentes (1955) “roca”, in Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa [Portuguese language etymological dictionary] (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, volume I, Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Acadêmica, page 446, column 1
* ↑ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 110

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroka/ [ˈro.ka]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -oka
* Syllabification: ro‧ca

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin.

#### Noun

roca f (plural rocas)
* rock
    Synonyms: peña, piedra

##### Derived terms

* cristal de roca
* Cúpula de la Roca
* gallo de roca
* roca encajante
* roca madre
* rocoso
* saltarrocas

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

roca
* feminine singular of roco

### Further reading

* “roca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10