# 鸝

| 鸝 | U+9E1D, &#40477; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E1D |
| ← 鸜 [U+9E1C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鸞 → [U+9E1E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鸝 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+19, 30 strokes, cangjie input 一心竹日火 (MPHAF), four-corner 1722$_7$, composition ⿰麗鳥)
* black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1504, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47507
* Dae Jaweon: page 2034, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4672, character 9
* Unihan data for U+9E1D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 灑 | *sreːlʔ, *sreːlʔ, *srelʔ, *srels |
| 籭 | *sreːl, *srel |
| 躧 | *sreːlʔ, *srelʔ |
| 曬 | *sreːls, *srels |
| 廲 | *reːl |
| 驪 | *reːl, *rel |
| 鱺 | *reːlʔ |
| 欐 | *reːlʔ, *reːls, *srel |
| 丽 | *reːls |
| 麗 | *reːls, *rel |
| 儷 | *reːls |
| 鸝 | *rel |
| 酈 | *rel, *reːɡ |
| 孋 | *rel |
| 矖 | *rel, *srelʔ |
| 穲 | *rel |
| 邐 | *relʔ |
| 彲 | *r̥ʰel |
| 釃 | *srel, *srelʔ, *sra |
| 襹 | *srel, *srels |
| 纚 | *srelʔ |
Attested somewhat late, earliest in "Rhapsody on Gaotang [Shrine]" (高唐賦), attributed to Song Yu & included in Selections of Refined Literature:
* 王雎，鸝黃，正冥，楚鳩。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]王雎，鹂黄，正冥，楚鸠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: 3rd century BCE, 宋玉 Song Yu, 《高唐賦》 ("Rhapsody on Gaotang [Shrine]"); translation based on Arthur Waley's version.Wángjū, líhuáng, zhèngmíng, chǔjiū. [Pinyin]the royal-coot, the yellow witwall / oriole, herald-of-dusk; warbler / dove of Chu,

### Etymology

Guo Pu (郭璞) glosses 鸝 as meaning " yellowish black"; and also proposes that the black-naped orioles are named 鸝黃／鹂黄 (líhuáng) after "their yellow and sallow black colorings"; Li Shan (李善) apparently relates the birds' color 鸝／鹂 to the horses' coat-color 驪／骊 (lí, “pure black”) by treating each graph as the other's variant.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lí (li$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lí
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lí
*** Wade–Giles: li$^2$
*** Yale: lí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^4$
*** Yale: lèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: lje
Rime :
| Character | 鸝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 呂支切 |
| Baxter | lje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /lie/ |
| Wang Li | /lǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rel/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鸝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7919 |
| Phonetic component | 丽 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 離 |
| Old Chinese | /*rel/ |

### Definitions

鸝
* black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis)
    From: 3rd century CE, 阮籍 (Ruan Ji), 《詠懷》 ("Singing My Cares"), no. 51; translated by Owen & Swartz (2017)
    Sōngbǎi yù sēnshěn, líhuáng xiàngyǔ xī. [Pinyin]
    The pines and cypresses were thick and dark, and orioles joined together in sporting.
    From: 8th century, 杜甫 (Du Fu),《大雲寺贊公房四首》 ("Reverend Zan’s Chambers in Great Cloud Temple - Four Poems"), no. 1; translated by Owen (2017)
    Huánglí dù jiégòu, zǐgē xià fúsī. [Pinyin]
    Yellow orioles cross over the structures, purple doves descend to the door’s grillwork.

#### Compounds

* 鴞心鸝舌 / 鸮心鹂舌
* 鸝黃 / 鹂黄 (líhuáng)
* 黃鸝 / 黄鹂 (huánglí)

### References

* ↑ 郭璞 (Guo Pu), quoted in 《六臣註文選》 (Selections of Refined Literature - Annotated by Six Ministers), "vol. 19", p. 97 of 153. quote: 「郭璞曰鸝黃黒也」
* ↑ 李善 (Li Shan), 《文選注》 (Selections of Refined Literature - Annotated), "vol 18 - 23", p. 71 of 356. quote:「鸝黃…… 驪黃郭璞曰其色黧黑而黃因名之一曰鶬鶊」

### Further reading

* Ptak, Roderich & Zhang, Yanfei. (2016). "Huangniao , canggeng und ‚verwandte‘ Vogelnamen in Zhou- und Han-Texten: Ein Beitrag zur historischen Ornithologie (Huangniao, canggeng and 'related' bird-names in Zhou and Han texts: a Contribution to Historical Ornithology)". Monumenta Serica. 64. 303-331.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis)

#### Readings

* Go-on: り (ri)
* Kan-on: り (ri)

#### Compounds

* 黄鸝(こうり) (kōri)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鸝: Hán Nôm readings: ly, li
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.