# 東方
## Chinese

* 東方

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dōngfāng
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong$^1$ fang$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ fong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-fông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^1$ fong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tong-hong / tang-hong / tang-hng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^1$ huang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongfang
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-fang$^1$
*** Yale: dūng-fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfang
*** Palladius: дунфан (dunfan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongfangr
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-fang$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dūng-fāngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfangl
*** Palladius: дунфанр (dunfanr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dong$^1$ fang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dungfang
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/, /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Yale: dūng fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ fɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-hong
*** Tâi-lô: tong-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: donghofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hong
*** Tâi-lô: tang-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: danghofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hng
*** Tâi-lô: tang-hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: danghngf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ hŋ̍³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^1$ huang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang huang
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tuwng pjang
Rime :
| Character | 東 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 府良切 |
| Baxter | tuwng | pjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuŋ/ | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuŋ/ | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuŋ/ | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwŋ/ | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tuŋ/ | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tuŋ/ | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuŋ/ | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dōng | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^1$ | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ C-paŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ paŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 東 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dōng | fāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tuwng › | ‹ pjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*C-paŋ/ |
| English | east | square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 東 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 2435 | 3023 |
| Phonetic component | 東 | 方 |
| Rime group | 東 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 東 | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːŋ/ | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 |

### Noun

東方
* east

### Proper noun

東方
* the East; the Orient
    崛起東方／崛起东方 ― juéqǐ dōngfāng ― the rising East
       Tā jiàoshòu dōngfāng měishùshǐ. [Pinyin]
       She teaches Eastern art history.
* a Chinese compound surname
    東方朔／东方朔 ― Dōngfāng Shuò ― Dongfang Shuo
* (～市) Dongfang (a sub-prefectural city in Hainan, China)
* Short for 東方Project／东方Project (“Touhou Project, a popular bullet hell video game series”).

### Derived terms

* 東方主義 / 东方主义 (dōngfāng zhǔyì)
* 東方之珠 / 东方之珠 (Dōngfāng zhī zhū)
* 東方人 / 东方人 (dōngfāngrén)
* 東方紅 / 东方红 (Dōngfānghóng)
* 東方閃電 / 东方闪电 (Dōngfāng Shǎndiàn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 東方(とうほう) (tōhō)
* → Korean: 동방(東方) (dongbang)
* → Vietnamese: đông phương (東方)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 方 |
| とう Grade: 2 | ほう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーほー [tòóhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːho̞ː]

#### Noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (tōhō)
* east, east area

##### Related terms

* 北方(ほっぽう) (hoppō): north, northern area
* 西方(せいほう) (seihō): west, western area
* 南方(なんぽう) (nanpō): south, southern area

#### Proper noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (Tōhō)
* Short for 東方Project (Tōhō Purojekuto, “Touhou Project, a popular bullet hell video game series”).

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 方 |
| ひがし Grade: 2 | かた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 方 |
| ひがし Grade: 2 | かた > がた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひがしかた [hìgáshíkátá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɡa̠ɕika̠ta̠]
* IPA: [çiɡa̠ɕiɡa̠ta̠]

#### Noun

東(ひがし)方(かた) or 東(ひがし)方(がた) • (higashikata or higashigata)
* east (compass point, direction)
* the fighters on the east side in a match

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 東 | 方 |

### Noun

東方 • (dongbang) (hangeul 동방)
* hanja form of 동방 (“east", "eastward", "orient”)

#### Derived terms

* 동방종개 (dongbangjonggae), literally means "eastern spine loach"

#### Related terms

* 西方 (서방, seobang): west, westward, occident
* 北方 (북방, bukbang): north, northward
* 南方 (남방, nambang): south, southward