# 龠

| 龠 | U+9FA0, &#40864; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FA0 |
| ← 龟 [U+9F9F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 龡 → [U+9FA1] |
| ⿕ | U+2FD5, &#12245; KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE |
* [unassigned: U+2FD6–U+2FEF]
| ← ⿔ [U+2FD4] | Kangxi Radicals | ⿰ → [U+2FF0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

龠 (Kangxi radical 214, 龠+0, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人一口月 (OMRB), four-corner 8022$_7$, composition ⿳亼𠱠𠕁)
* Kangxi radical #214, ⿕.
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №43

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/龠
* 㒢, 𢅹, 瀹, 𨙄, 𭨑, 爚, 禴, 𥌺, 𥤉, 𧟇, 𦇬, 𧕋, 讑, 𧹊, 䟑, 䠯, 鑰, 𬰾, 𮪟, 𮯘
* 𭄜, 𬱳, 鸙, 蘥, 𭨣, 籥, 𨷲(𨸎), 㿜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1538, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48882
* Dae Jaweon: page 2080, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4807, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9FA0

## Chinese

* 龠部 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Radical 214 (English)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 龠 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 讑 | *lowɢs |
| 籲 | *los |
| 爚 | *hljowɢ, *lowɢ |
| 禴 | *lowɢ |
| 蘥 | *lowɢ |
| 鑰 | *lowɢ |
| 瀹 | *lowɢ |
| 龠 | *lowɢ |
| 籥 | *lowɢ |
| 鸙 | *lowɢ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bamboo Pan flute in which two mouths (吅) perhaps indicate the round top of the bamboo pipes. In the bronze inscriptions, 亼 (a flipped 口) was added on top to show a mouth playing the instrument.
Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 品 + 侖, however his analysis does not match the original appearance. The bottom component is identical but unrelated to 冊 since it originally represents bamboo slips. The whole character is similar but unrelated to 侖.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuè (yue$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joek$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yok
    (Hailu, HRS): rhog
* Eastern Min (BUC): iŏh
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yoh$^7$ / yeh$^7$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): io̍k / ia̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joek$^6$
*** Yale: yeuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhog
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒok⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏh
*** Sinological IPA : /yoʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yoh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚¹²¹/
* Middle Chinese: yak
Rime :
| Character | 龠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以灼切 |
| Baxter | yak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lowɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 龠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yak › |
| Old Chinese | /*lewk/ |
| English | flute; key; tube |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 龠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16350 |
| Phonetic component | 龠 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 藥 |
| Old Chinese | /*lowɢ/ |

### Definitions

龠
* yue (a Chinese musical instrument consisting of a bamboo tube that has three or other numbers of holes)
* (historical) yue (an ancient Chinese unit of volume notionally equivalent to the space occupied by 1200 millet seeds)

### Synonyms

* 籥 (yuè)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “龠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 295.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* flute

#### Readings

* Go-on: やく (yaku)
* Kan-on: やく (yaku)
* Kun: ふえ (fue, 龠)

#### Compounds

* 一龠(いちやく) (ichiyaku, “a unit of volume equal to 1, 200 millet grains”)

## Korean
### Hanja

龠 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)
* flute

## Vietnamese
### Han character

龠: Hán Nôm readings: dược, thược
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation