# 芰

| 芰 | U+82B0, &#33456; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B0 |
| ← 芯 [U+82AF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 花 → [U+82B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芰 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿十水 (TJE), four-corner 4440$_7$, composition ⿱艹支)
* water caltrop

#### Derived characters

* 䝸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30733
* Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3178, character 8
* Unihan data for U+82B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芰 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 支 | *kje |
| 枝 | *kje |
| 肢 | *kje |
| 汥 | *kje, *ɡe, *ɡres |
| 衼 | *kje |
| 馶 | *kje, *qʰjes, *kes, *ɡe |
| 鳷 | *kje |
| 忮 | *kjes |
| 伎 | *kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ |
| 豉 | *ɡjes |
| 翅 | *qʰjes |
| 翄 | *qʰjes, *ɡe |
| 妓 | *kre, *ɡreʔ |
| 庋 | *kreʔ, *kʷreʔ |
| 跂 | *kʰeʔ, *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 蚑 | *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 吱 | *kʰes |
| 岐 | *ɡe |
| 歧 | *ɡe |
| 鬾 | *ɡre, *ɡres |
| 技 | *ɡreʔ |
| 芰 | *ɡres |
| 攱 | *kʷreʔ, *kʷres |
| 庪 | *kʷreʔ |
| 頍 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 屐 | *ɡreɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^6$
*** Yale: geih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: gjeH
Rime :
| Character | 芰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 奇寄切 |
| Baxter | gjeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiᴇ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiɛ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiɛ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjiə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡje$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐe$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gie̯$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]re-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡres/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 芰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gje$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]re-s/ |
| English | water-chestnut |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17232 |
| Phonetic component | 支 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 芰 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡres/ |

### Definitions

芰
* (chiefly archaic) water chestnut (Trapa spp.)
    Synonym: 菱 (líng)
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Qū Dào shì jì, yǒu jí, zhào qí zōnglǎo ér zhǔ zhī, yuē: “Jì wǒ bì yǐ jì.” [Pinyin]
    Qu Dao was fond of water chestnuts. When he succumbed to illness, he called for his vassal in charge of the ancestral rites, and requested the use of water chestnuts as the sacrificial offering to him after his death.

#### Compounds

* 芰荷

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* water caltrop

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: ひし (hishi, 芰)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 芰
* ひし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Noun

芰(ひし) or 芰(ヒシ) • (hishi)
* Alternative spelling of 菱 (hishi): Trapa natans var. japonica, a species of water caltrop

## Korean
### Hanja

芰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
* (마름): water caltrop, (also implausibly) water chestnut
** 1431: 鄕藥採取月令 十二月 (향약채취월령 십이월, hyang-yag-chaechwi-wolryeong sib-iwol):
    芰實鄕名末栗'"`UNIQ-ref00000011QINU`"' '"`UNIQ-ref00000012QINU`"' (기실향명말밤, gisilhyangmyeongmalbam, "The folk name of the water caltrop fruit is coarse chestnut.")(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* 末栗 (말밤, malbam)
* 菱
* 藻

### References

* ↑ This was authored by several scholars at the direction of King Sejong of Yi Dynasty, concerning the folk medical herb gathering by month.