# 浪

| 浪 | U+6D6A, &#28010; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D6A |
| ← 浩 [U+6D69] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 浫 → [U+6D6B] |
| 浪 | U+F92A, &#63786; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92A |
| ← 朗 [U+F929] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 狼 → [U+F92B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

浪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 3713$_2$, composition ⿰氵良)

#### Derived characters

* 𠺘, 𰖟, 𨃹, 𰀯, 𡻔, 蒗, 𨶗, 𫫐, 𪤊, 𭔻, 𱫸, 𥶞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 624, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
* Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6D6A
* Unihan data for U+F92A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 浪 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

### Etymology 1

May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): làng (lang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lāng
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): long$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngong$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): long$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): long
    (Hailu, HRS): long$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): long$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lon$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): lō̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lang$^6$ / neng$^7$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): lang$^7$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): laang$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$laon / $^6$lan
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan$^4$ / lan$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^4$
*** Yale: làng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: lāng
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^6$
*** Yale: lohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔŋ³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: long$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔŋ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: long
*** Hakka Romanization System: long
*** Hagfa Pinyim: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /loŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: long$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /loŋ³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lō̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lông
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ouŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōng
*** Tâi-lô: lōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: long
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lang$^6$ / neng$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng / nṳ̄ng
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ³⁵/, /nɯŋ¹¹/
* lang6 - literary;
* neng7 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: langH
Rime :
| Character | 浪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 來宕切 |
| Baxter | langH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | làng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 浪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 8040 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 浪 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

浪
* wave
    From: 774, 李白, 行路難·其一
    Chángfēngpòlàng huì yǒu shí, zhí guà yúnfān jì cānghǎi. [Pinyin]
    I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea.
* something resembling waves
    麥浪／麦浪 ― màilàng ― billowing wheat fields
* to be unrestrained
    浪費／浪费 ― làngfèi ― to waste
* dissolute
    浪蕩／浪荡 ― làngdàng ― dissolute; dissipated
    狂蜂浪蝶 ― kuángfēnglàngdié ― lascivious men
* (dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out; to stroll
       Nǐ yòu qù nǎr làng qi le? [Pinyin]
       Where have you been playin’ out this time?
* (literary) in vain
       Wǒ kě bù shì làngdéxūmíng! Kàn zhāo! [Pinyin]
       I am not [one who] gained a fake reputation for nothing! Take this!
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瀾, 浪 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 浪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 浪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 浪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 浪頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 浪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 浪子 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 浪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 浪 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 浪頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 浪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 湧 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 浪頭, 波浪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 浪頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 浪頭, 浪 |

#### Compounds

* 一浪淌
* 乘風破浪 / 乘风破浪 (chéngfēngpòlàng)
* 健浪
* 勃浪鼓
* 博浪
* 博浪沙
* 博浪飛椎 / 博浪飞椎
* 博浪鼓
* 壯浪 / 壮浪
* 多浪 (Duōlàng)
* 大浪 (dàlàng)
* 大風大浪 / 大风大浪 (dàfēngdàlàng)
* 孟浪
* 孟浪輕狂 / 孟浪轻狂
* 巨浪 (jùlàng)
* 平風靜浪 / 平风静浪
* 捲浪翻波 / 卷浪翻波
* 推濤作浪 / 推涛作浪
* 掀風播浪 / 掀风播浪
* 掀風鼓浪 / 掀风鼓浪
* 撥浪鼓 / 拨浪鼓
* 擺浪子 / 摆浪子
* 放浪 (fànglàng)
* 放浪不羈 / 放浪不羁 (fànglàng bùjī)
* 放浪形骸 (fànglàng xínghái)
* 啟浪 / 启浪 (Qǐlàng)
* 末浪
* 林浪
* 樂浪 / 乐浪 (Lèlàng)
* 波浪 (bōlàng)
* 波浪熱 / 波浪热
* 波浪週期 / 波浪周期
* 波浪銳度 / 波浪锐度
* 波浪阻力
* 波浪鼓 (bōlànggǔ)
* 波開浪裂 / 波开浪裂
* 流浪 (liúlàng)
* 流浪兒 / 流浪儿
* 流浪漢 / 流浪汉 (liúlànghàn)
* 流浪狗 (liúlànggǒu)
* 浪事
* 浪人 (làngrén)
* 浪侃
* 浪兒門 / 浪儿门
* 海口浪言
* 浪吼風號 / 浪吼风号
* 浪士
* 浪婆
* 浪子 (làngzǐ)
* 浪子喪門 / 浪子丧门
* 浪子回頭 / 浪子回头
* 浪孟
* 浪峰 (làngfēng)
* 浪得虛名 / 浪得虚名 (làngdéxūmíng)
* 浪恬波靜 / 浪恬波静
* 浪擲 / 浪掷
* 浪木
* 浪板
* 浪枻
* 浪栧
* 浪樣兒 / 浪样儿
* 浪泊
* 浪河 (Lànghé)
* 海浪 (hǎilàng)
* 浶浪
* 浮浪
* 浮浪人
* 浪浪宕宕
* 浪淘沙
* 浪淘淘
* 浪游
* 浪漫 (làngmàn)
* 浪漢 / 浪汉
* 浪漫主義 / 浪漫主义 (làngmàn zhǔyì)
* 浪漫曲
* 浪漫樂派 / 浪漫乐派
* 浪漫派
* 浪潮 (làngcháo)
* 浪濤 / 浪涛 (làngtāo)
* 浪濤澎湃 / 浪涛澎湃
* 浪用
* 浪聲顙氣 / 浪声颡气
* 浪舌
* 浪船
* 浪花 (lànghuā)
* 浮花浪蕊
* 浪莽
* 浮萍浪梗
* 浪蕩 / 浪荡 (làngdàng)
* 浪蕩乾坤 / 浪荡干坤
* 浪蕩子 / 浪荡子
* 浪蕩燈 / 浪荡灯
* 浪蝶游蜂
* 浪蝶狂蜂
* 浪言
* 浪語 / 浪语
* 浪費 / 浪费 (làngfèi)
* 浪跡 / 浪迹 (làngjì)
* 浪跡天下 / 浪迹天下
* 浪跡天涯 / 浪迹天涯
* 浪跡江湖 / 浪迹江湖
* 浪跡萍蹤 / 浪迹萍踪
* 浪遊 / 浪游
* 浪靜風恬 / 浪静风恬
* 浪頭 / 浪头 (làngtóu)
* 浪高
* 淫情浪態 / 淫情浪态
* 游頭浪子 / 游头浪子
* 漫浪
* 澎浪磯 / 澎浪矶
* 潑浪鼓 / 泼浪鼓
* 潑聲浪嗓 / 泼声浪嗓
* 潑聲浪氣 / 泼声浪气
* 無波無浪 / 无波无浪
* 無風生浪 / 无风生浪
* 無風起浪 / 无风起浪
* 熱浪 / 热浪 (rèlàng)
* 狂濤巨浪 / 狂涛巨浪
* 狂濤駭浪 / 狂涛骇浪
* 狂蜂浪蝶 (kuángfēnglàngdié)
* 狂風大浪 / 狂风大浪
* 狂風駭浪 / 狂风骇浪 (kuángfēnghàilàng)
* 瘋狗浪 / 疯狗浪 (fēnggǒulàng)
* 白浪 (Báilàng)
* 白浪掀天
* 白浪滔滔
* 白頭浪 / 白头浪
* 破浪 (pòlàng)
* 碧浪
* 縱浪 / 纵浪
* 聲浪 / 声浪 (shēnglàng)
* 腥浪
* 興風作浪 / 兴风作浪 (xīngfēngzuòlàng)
* 萍蹤浪影 / 萍踪浪影
* 萍蹤浪跡 / 萍踪浪迹
* 虛生浪死 / 虚生浪死
* 衝波激浪 / 冲波激浪
* 衝浪 / 冲浪 (chōnglàng)
* 詼諧笑浪 / 诙谐笑浪
* 謔浪 / 谑浪
* 謔浪笑敖 / 谑浪笑敖
* 謔浪話頭 / 谑浪话头
* 趁波逐浪
* 趁浪逐波
* 趕浪頭 / 赶浪头
* 踏浪兒 / 踏浪儿
* 輕浪浮薄 / 轻浪浮薄
* 辣浪
* 逐浪隨波 / 逐浪随波
* 遊蜂浪蝶 / 游蜂浪蝶
* 鋪張浪費 / 铺张浪费 (pūzhānglàngfèi)
* 長風破浪 / 长风破浪 (chángfēngpòlàng)
* 閒茶浪酒 / 闲茶浪酒
* 隨波逐浪 / 随波逐浪
* 風吹浪打 / 风吹浪打
* 風大浪高 / 风大浪高
* 風平浪靜 / 风平浪静 (fēngpínglàngjìng)
* 風微浪穩 / 风微浪稳
* 風恬浪靜 / 风恬浪静
* 風流博浪 / 风流博浪
* 風浪 / 风浪 (fēnglàng)
* 風浪板 / 风浪板
* 風萍浪跡 / 风萍浪迹
* 風靜浪平 / 风静浪平
* 駭浪 / 骇浪
* 駭浪驚濤 / 骇浪惊涛
* 驚濤駭浪 / 惊涛骇浪 (jīngtāohàilàng)
* 驚風駭浪 / 惊风骇浪
* 麥浪 / 麦浪
* 鼓浪嶼 / 鼓浪屿 (Gǔlàngyǔ)
* 龍江虎浪 / 龙江虎浪

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láng (lang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^2$
*** Yale: láng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^4$
*** Yale: lòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: lang
Rime :
| Character | 浪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯當切 |
| Baxter | lang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 浪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | láng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | (name of a river) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 浪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 8016 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郎 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

浪
* Only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng) and 浪浪 (lángláng).

#### Compounds

* 浪浪
* 滄浪 / 沧浪 (Cāngláng)
* 滄浪亭 / 沧浪亭
* 滄浪詩話 / 沧浪诗话
* 濯纓滄浪 / 濯缨沧浪
* 濯足滄浪 / 濯足沧浪

### Etymology 3

Lenition of 上: /zɑ̃¹¹³/ > /lɑ̃¹¹³/ (Shanghainese pronunciation). Compare 哉 (/zəʔ/), which underwent a similar process to 了 (/ləʔ/).

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$laon / $^0$laon / $^2$laon
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Haining)
*** Wugniu: $^6$laon
*** MiniDict: laon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$laan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɑ̃²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /lɑ̃¹¹³/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Haiyan)
*** Wugniu: $^0$laon
*** MiniDict: laon
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lɑ̃/
*** Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /lɔ̃/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^2$laon
*** MiniDict: laon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /lɑ̃³¹/

#### Definitions

浪 (Wu)
* on; above; at; in
    街浪 [Suzhounese] ― $^1$ka-laon$_6$ [Wugniu] ― on the streets
    鑊頭浪／镬头浪 [Haining Wu] ― $^8$ghoq-deu$_2$-laon$_6$ [Wugniu] ― in a wok
       From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 8
       $^1$i-zaon $^5$pa-laq $^6$zaon-laon [Wugniu]
       Put the clothes on the bed.
* indicates a place
    迭浪 [Shanghainese] ― $^8$diq-laon$_6$ [Wugniu] ― here
    何浪 [Suburban Shanghainese] ― $^2$wu-laon$_6$ [Wugniu] ― where

##### Synonyms

* 上

#### Compounds

* 中浪
* 何浪
* 初頭浪 / 初头浪
* 地浪
* 垃浪
* 天浪
* 實際浪 / 实际浪
* 山浪
* 山浪下來 / 山浪下来
* 岸浪
* 年頭浪 / 年头浪
* 早浪
* 春浪
* 月初頭浪 / 月初头浪
* 月頭浪 / 月头浪
* 枱子浪
* 枱浪
* 樓浪 / 楼浪
* 河灘浪 / 河滩浪
* 浪向
* 牆頭浪 / 墙头浪
* 第浪
* 船浪人
* 號頭浪 / 号头浪
* 街浪
* 路浪
* 身浪來 / 身浪来
* 車浪 / 车浪
* 迭浪
* 邊浪 / 边浪
* 邊邊浪 / 边边浪
* 鎮浪 / 镇浪
* 鑊頭浪 / 镬头浪
* 頭浪 / 头浪

### Etymology 4

From English furlong.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): làng (lang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^4$
*** Yale: làng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^6$
*** Yale: lohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²²/

#### Definitions

浪
* furlong

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* wave
* wandering

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: らん (ran)
* Kun: なみ (nami, 浪)

#### Compounds

* 浪士
* 浪跡
* 浪(ろう)人(にん) (rōnin, “ronin”)
* 浪費
* 浪漫
* 津(つ)浪(なみ) (tsunami, “tsunami”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 浪
* なみ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 浪 – see the following entry. :
| 【波なみ】3 | [noun] a wave [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spelling 濤 |
(This term, 浪, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 浪
* ろう Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾo̞ː]

#### Counter

浪(ろう) • (-rō)
* failing the annual university entrance exams (see 浪人)
    二浪目(にろうめ)
       nirōme
       second time failing the annual university entrance exams

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC langH). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (lǎng) (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [na̠(ː)ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* (non-initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾa̠ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [랑]

### Hanja

Wikisource 浪 (eumhun 물결 랑 (mulgyeol rang), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 낭 (mulgyeol nang))
* hanja form of 랑/낭 (“wave”)

#### Compounds

* 낭만 (浪漫, nangman, “romance”)
* 낭비 (浪費, nangbi, “waste, extravagance”)
* 낭설 (浪說, nangseol, “false rumor”)
* 낭인 (浪人, nang'in, “vagabond; ronin”)
* 방랑 (放浪, bangnang, “wandering”)
* 풍랑 (風浪, pungnang, “stormy waves; storm”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

浪: Hán Nôm readings: lảng, lặng, rằng, lãng, lăng, trảng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.