# aithne
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈɑhənʲə/, /ˈahənʲə/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈæn̠ʲə/, /ˈænə/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /ˈæːnʲə/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈɛhnʲə/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish aithgne (“knowing, recognition”).

#### Noun

aithne f (genitive singular aithne)
* acquaintance, acquaintanceship (with ar plus the person or thing one is acquainted with)
** 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 24:tā æńə agm̥ əŕ.[Tá aithne agam air.]I know him; I am acquainted with him.
* recognition; act of recognizing
* knowledge
* (characteristic or distinguishing) appearance
* Alternative form of aithint: verbal noun of aithin

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
aithne
vocative
a aithne
genitive
aithne
dative
aithne
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an aithne
genitive
na haithne
dative
leis an aithne don aithne :

##### Derived terms

* anaithne f (“obscurity, lack of recognition”)
* athaithne f (“renewal of acquaintance”)
* dea-aithne f (“good acquaintanceship”)
* féinaithne f (“self-knowledge”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish aithne (“act of entrusting, commanding”).

#### Noun

aithne f (genitive singular aithne, nominative plural aitheanta)
* commandment, precept

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aithne
aitheanta
vocative
a aithne
a aitheanta
genitive
aithne
aitheanta
dative
aithne
aitheanta
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an aithne
na haitheanta
genitive
na haithne
na n-aitheanta
dative
leis an aithne don aithne
leis na haitheanta :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 109, page 59
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 5, page 6
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 aithne ("knowing")”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 aithne ("entrusting")”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aithne”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aiṫne”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 22
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aithne”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “aithne”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaθʲnʲe]

### Noun

aithne n
* verbal noun of ad·noí
* an act of entrusting, handing over; the thing entrusted
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 66$^a$26
    a n-aithne glosses depositum
* an act of commanding; a command, order
* (biblical) a commandment, a Commandment

#### Inflection

Neuter io-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | aithne$^N$ | aithne$^L$ | aithne$^L$ |
| Vocative | aithne$^N$ | aithne$^L$ | aithne$^L$ |
| Accusative | aithne$^N$ | aithne$^L$ | aithne$^L$ |
| Genitive | aithni$^L$ | aithne$^L$ | aithne$^N$ |
| Dative | aithniu$^L$ | aithnib | aithnib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 aithne ("entrusting")”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish aithgne (“knowing, recognition”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɲə/

### Noun

aithne f (genitive singular aithne)
* knowledge, discernment, acquaintance

#### Derived terms

* aithneachadh (“identification”)
* cairt-aithne (“ID card”)
* dearbh-aithne (“identity”)
* fèin-aithne (“sense of identity”)
* is aithne do (“know”, verb)
* roimh-aithne f (“foreknowledge, precognition”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “aithne”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 aithne ("knowing")”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language