# たたかう
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 戦う 闘う

### Etymology

From the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) tataka of verb 叩く (tataku, “to strike”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetitive or ongoing action) → “to strike repeatedly” → “to fight”.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たたかう [tàtákáú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠ta̠ka̠ɯ̟]

### Verb

たたかう • (tatakau) godan (stem たたかい (tatakai), past たたかった (tatakatta))
* to battle, to fight, to wage war
** 1916, Tetsuro Watsuji, Conversion:
    しかしこの敵(てき)と戦(たたか)っている間(あいだ)に、他(ほか)の敵(てき)が背(はい)後(ご)へ回(まわ)っていた。
       Shikashi kono teki to tatakatte iru aida ni, hoka no teki ga haigo e mawatte ita.
       But while he was battling this enemy, another had come up behind him.
** 1922, Torahiko Terada, Clear Reminiscence:
    しかし自(じ)分(ぶん)の弱(よわ)さと戦(たたか)う戦(せん)士(し)としては決(けっ)して弱(よわ)くなかった。
       Shikashi jibun no yowasa to tatakau senshi toshite wa kesshite yowakunakatta.
       Yet he was not a weak soldier as a soldier fighting his own weakness.
    Synonym: (wage war) 戦争する (sensō suru)
* to compete (in a match, for example)
    Synonyms: 競争する (kyōsō suru), 試合する (shiai suru), 勝負する (shōbu suru), 争う (arasou)
* to contend (for one's own interests)
    Synonym: 争う (arasou)
* (figuratively) to get through with one's sufferings or difficulties
** ““重度訪問介護制度” で自宅で暮らしたい ALS患者たちの願い”, in NHK首都圏ナビ‎, Nihon Hoso Kyokai, 2022 February 10, archived from the original on 17 April 2022
    難(なん)病(びょう)とたたかう患(かん)者(じゃ)やその家(か)族(ぞく)が自(じ)宅(たく)で生(せい)活(かつ)したいと願(ねが)っても、必(ひつ)要(よう)な介(かい)護(ご)の支(し)援(えん)サービスが受(う)けられない。
       Nanbyō to tatakau kanja ya sono kazoku ga jitaku de seikatsu shitai to negattemo, hitsuyō na kaigo no shien sābisu ga ukerarenai.
       Patients suffering from difficult diseases and their family cannot be afforded necessary nursing support services even if they wish to live at home.
    Synonym: 闘病する (tōbyō suru)
* (literally) to hit or strike repeatedly
    Synonym: 乱打する (randa suru)

#### Usage notes

The 戦う spelling is used in a broader sense than 闘う:
    敵(てっ)国(こく)と戦(たたか)う ― tekkoku to tatakau ― battle in an enemy country
    選(せん)挙(きょ)で戦(たたか)う ― senkyo de tatakau ― compete in the elections
    暑(あつ)さと闘(たたか)う ― atsusa to tatakau ― beat the heat

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | たたかわ | tatakawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | たたかい | tatakai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | たたかう | tatakau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | たたかう | tatakau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | たたかえ | tatakae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | たたかえ | tatakae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | たたかわれる | tatakawareru |
| Causative | たたかわせる たたかわす | tatakawaseru tatakawasu |
| Potential | たたかえる | tatakaeru |
| Volitional | たたかおう | tatakaō |
| Negative | たたかわない | tatakawanai |
| Negative continuative | たたかわず | tatakawazu |
| Formal | たたかいます | tatakaimasu |
| Perfective | たたかった | tatakatta |
| Conjunctive | たたかって | tatakatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | たたかえば | tatakaeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | たたかは | たたかは | tatakafa |
| Continuative (連用形) | たたかひ | たたかひ | tatakafi |
| Terminal (終止形) | たたかふ | たたかふ | tatakafu |
| Attributive (連体形) | たたかふ | たたかふ | tatakafu |
| Realis (已然形) | たたかへ | たたかへ | tatakafe |
| Imperative (命令形) | たたかへ | たたかへ | tatakafe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | たたかはず | たたかはず | tatakafazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | たたかへど | たたかへど | tatakafedo |
| Causal conjunction | たたかへば | たたかへば | tatakafeba |
| Conditional conjunction | たたかはば | たたかはば | tatakafaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たたかひき | たたかひき | tatakafiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たたかひけり | たたかひけり | tatakafikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | たたかひつ | たたかひつ | tatakafitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | たたかひぬ | たたかひぬ | tatakafinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | たたかへり たたかひたり | たたかへり たたかひたり | tatakaferi tatakafitari |
| Volitional | たたかはむ | たたかはむ | tatakafamu |

#### Derived terms

* 戦(たたか)い (tatakai, “a fight, a battle”)
* 闘(たたかい)構(がま)え (tatakaigamae, “the 鬥 enclosing radical, a component of certain kanji characters”)
* 戦(たたか)い取(と)る (tatakaitoru, “to take through fighting or battle”)
* 戦(たたか)い抜(ぬ)く (tatakainuku, “to fight through to the end”)

#### See also

* 格(かく)闘(とう)する (kakutō suru, “wrestle”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN