# ցրեմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Several difficult Indo-European etymologies have been proposed. Ačaṙean prefers Petersson's connection with Sanskrit छुरयति (churayati, “to strew or sprinkle with”, causative) as the only cognate, supposedly from a substantive *छुर- (chura-) from Proto-Indo-European *sḱr̥ro-, with Old Armenian ցիր (cʻir, “strewn, scattered, dispersed”) being from Proto-Indo-European *sḱēro-, however this explanation for the Indic word is not accepted nowadays.
Ačaṙean noticed the similarity with the Georgian descendants listed at Proto-Georgian-Zan *car- ~ *cr- (“to sift”), some of which mean "to scatter", and tentatively derived those from Armenian. As it is known now that the Georgian terms are native, the opposite is probably true: ցրեմ (cʻrem) is a Georgian-Zan borrowing from the mentioned root. The synonymous ցրուեմ (cʻruem), which is usually explained as based on the difficult-to-explain derivative ցր-իւ (cʻr-iw), may preserve the -ვ/უ- (-v/u-) of the Georgian-Zan verbal noun, like կռուիմ (kṙuim), and ցրիւ (cʻriw) may have been back-formed from it like կռիւ (kṙiw).

### Verb

ցրեմ • (cʻrem)
* (transitive) to scatter, disperse
** 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 585:Իսկ աշտարակն յուզեաց զսրտմտութիւն բարկութեան Արարչին՝ ցրել զնոսա և խառնակել զլեզուս նոցա։Isk aštarakn yuzeacʻ zsrtmtutʻiwn barkutʻean Ararčʻin, cʻrel znosa ew xaṙnakel zlezus nocʻa.Translation by Robert W. ThomsonThe tower stirred the wrath of the anger of the Creator to scatter them and confuse their tongues.
* (transitive) to disintegrate, break, destroy
** 5th century, Bible, Genesis 17.14:Արուն անթլփատ՝ որ ո՛չ թլփատեսցէ զմարմին անթլփատութեան իւրոյ յաւուր ութերորդի, սատակեսցի՛ անձնն այն յազգէ իւրմէ. զի ցրեա՛ց զուխտ իմ։Arun antʻlpʻat, or óčʻ tʻlpʻatescʻē zmarmin antʻlpʻatutʻean iwroy yawur utʻerordi, satakescʻí anjnn ayn yazgē iwrmē. zi cʻreácʻ zuxt im.Translation by King James BibleAnd the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.

#### Derived terms

* բազմացիր (bazmacʻir)
* պարկացիր (parkacʻir)
* պուրակացիր (purakacʻir)
* ջրացիր (ǰracʻir)
* ցիր (cʻir)
* ցիրապահակք (cʻirapahakkʻ)
* ցրան (cʻran)
* ցրիչ (cʻričʻ)
* ցրիւ (cʻriw)
* ցրուած (cʻruac)
* ցրուական (cʻruakan)
* ցրուեմ (cʻruem)
* ցրուիչ (cʻruičʻ)
* ցրումն (cʻrumn)
* ցրուութիւն (cʻruutʻiwn)
* ցրուումն (cʻruumn)
* ցրօնք (cʻrōnkʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: → ցրել (cʻrel) (learned), > ցրվել (cʻrvel) (inherited)

### References

* ↑ Windischmann, Friedrich (1846) Über die Grundlage des Armenischen im arischen Sprachstamme (in German), München: Königlich-Bayerische Akad. der Wiss., page 46
* ↑ Patkanov, K. (1864) Исследование о составе армянского языка [A study on the composition of the Armenian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 17
* ↑ Dervischjan, P. Seraphin (1877) Armeniaca I: Das Altarmenische (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 43–44
* ↑ Tērvišean, Serovbē (1885) Hndewropakan naxalezu [The Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 113
* ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1898) “Etymologies arméniennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 10, page 281 of 274–282
* ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1897) De indo-europaea radice *men- “mente agitare” (in Latin), Paris: E. Bouillon, page 51
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1899) “Hübschmann H.: Armenische Grammatik. I. Theil. Armenische Etymologie. II. Abteilung. Die syrischen und griechischen Lehnwörter im Altarmenischen und die echtarmenischen Wörter”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Anzeiger für indogermanische Sprach- und Altertumskunde. Beiblatt zu den Indogermanischen Forschungen (in German), volume 10, page 49 of 41–50
* ↑ Scheftelowitz, J. (1904) “Zur altarmenischen lautgeschichte”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 28, page 289
* ↑ Walde, Alois (1930) Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 411
* ↑ Scheftelowitz, J. (1927) “Idg. zgh in den Einzelsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎ (in German), volume 54, number 3/4, page 225 of 224–253
* ↑ Petersson, Herbert (1916) “Beiträge zur armenischen Wortkunde”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 47, number 3/4, page 255 of 240–291
* ↑ Petersson, Herbert (1916) Baltisches und Slavisches (Lunds Universitets Årsskrift N.F. Avd. 1, Bd. 12. Nr. 2) (in German), Lund and Leipzig, page 68
* ↑ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9)‎ (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 450–451
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 408
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 204
* ↑ Agatʻangełos (1909) G. Tēr-Mkrtčʻean and St. Kanayeancʻ, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; I.2)‎, Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻi, page 297
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (1970) The Teaching of Saint Gregory: An Early Armenian Catechism (Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies; 3)‎, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, page 142
* ↑ Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs, editor (1805), Astuacašunčʻ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʻ [Bible: Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 31

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ցիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 456–457
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ցրեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 597, considers the similarity with the Kartvelian as accidental
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ցրեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy