# cervesa
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin cervēs(i)a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [sərˈbɛ.zə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [sərˈvə.zə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [seɾˈve.za]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)

### Noun

cervesa f (plural cerveses)
* beer

#### Derived terms

* cerveser
* cerveseria

### Further reading

* “cervesa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “cervesa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “cervesa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “cervesa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* cervēsia, cerevisia, cervisa, cervisia (Classical)
* herbisa, cirvisa, cerbisa, cerbēsia, cervica (Early Medieval)

### Etymology

From a derivative of Proto-Celtic *kurmi. First documented in Pliny.
By far the most common form in Classical Latin was cervēsa, and it is particularly well-represented in the Vindolanda tablets. In Late Latin it was marginalised in favour of the forms cervēsia, cervisa, cervisia. The variant vowel ⟨i⟩ for the second syllable seems to have been short, judging by the Romance outcomes, although the Italian cervigia would suggest an additional cervīsia if it is in fact native. Cf. also the Old Spanish çervisa.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kerˈu̯eː.sa/, [kɛrˈu̯eːs̠ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /t͡ʃerˈve.sa/, [t͡ʃerˈvɛːs̬ä]

### Noun

cervēsa f (genitive cervēsae); first declension
* Celtic wheat-beer

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Coordinate terms

* camum, cēlia, zythum

#### Descendants

(generally via the form cervēsia)
* Italo-Romance:
** >? Old Italian: cervigia
* Padanian:
** Friulian: cervese
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: cervesa
** Occitan: cervesa
** Old French: cervoise (see there for further descendants)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: (unattested?)
*** Galician: cervexa
*** Portuguese: cerveja (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: cervesa, çervisa
*** Spanish: cerveza (see there for further descendants)
* Borrowings:
** → Ancient Greek: κερβησία (kerbēsía)

### References

* cerevisia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “cervēs(i)a” in volume 03, column 943, line 66 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cervēsia”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 613
* ↑ Nelson, Max. 2001. Beer in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. Thesis. University of British Columbia. Page 56.
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “cerveza”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 56

### Further reading

* “cervisia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* cervīsia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Occitan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin cervēs(i)a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seɾˈbezo/
* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Noun

cervesa f (plural cervesas)
* beer
    Synonym: bièrra

## Old Spanish
### Alternative forms

* çervisa

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin cervēs(i)a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡seɾˈβeza/

### Noun

cervesa f (plural cervesas)
* beer

#### Descendants

* Spanish: cerveza (see there for further descendants)

### References

* https://www.um.es/lexico-comercio-medieval/index.php/v/lexico/1261/cerveza