# 建

| 建 | U+5EFA, &#24314; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EFA |
| ← 廹 [U+5EF9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 廻 → [U+5EFB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

建 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+6, 8 (Mainland), 9 (Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) strokes, cangjie input 弓大中手 (NKLQ), four-corner 1540$_0$, composition ⿺廴聿)

#### Derived characters

* 健, 𠸻, 𫮑, 𡞹, 徤, 揵, 湕, 𭸠, 𨺩, 旔, 𪰷, 楗, 毽, 煡, 犍, 𤧣, 腱, 睷, 𥍹, 𮀴, 𫁀, 䊕, 𦂩, 𦞘, 踺, 鍵(键), 鞬, 䭈, 騝(𩨃), 𫘳, 𩱃, 鰎, 𪑼
* 𫸕, 𡩌, 𡺅, 𥯦, 㯬, 𢉆, 𨵭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 353, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9574
* Dae Jaweon: page 667, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5EFA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 建 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 犍 | *ɡran, *kan |
| 騝 | *ɡran, *kan |
| 鍵 | *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ |
| 揵 | *ɡran, *kanʔ |
| 鞬 | *kan |
| 腱 | *kan, *ɡans |
| 湕 | *kanʔ |
| 建 | *kans |
| 旔 | *kans |
| 楗 | *ɡanʔ |
| 健 | *ɡans |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 廴 + 聿. Originally, a pictogram (象形) — a hand (又) planting a pole (𰀁) into a base (Ji Xusheng, 2004). The left component was originally written as ∟. The right component is stylized as 聿; while the hand is still recognizable, the bottom part is unrelated to a writing brush.
The whole character is mostly similar to 叔.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gin$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gen$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kien / kian
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gian$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̿ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): gióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^4$ / gyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giêng$^6$ / giang$^6$ / giêng$^3$ / giang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^3$
*** Yale: gin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ken³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian
*** Hakka Romanization System: gian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kian⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̿ing
*** Sinological IPA : /kyiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyɔŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiexn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giêng$^6$ / giang$^6$ / giêng$^3$ / giang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng / kiăng / kièng / kiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kieŋ³⁵/, /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kieŋ²¹³/, /kiaŋ²¹³/
* giêng3 - Chaozhou, used in 福建;
* giang3 - Shantou, used in 福建;
* giêng6 - Chaozhou;
* giang6 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: kjonH
Rime :
| Character | 建 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居万切 |
| Baxter | kjonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɨ̯ɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]a[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 建 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]a[n]-s/ |
| English | set up, establish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 建 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6220 |
| Phonetic component | 建 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 建 |
| Old Chinese | /*kans/ |

### Definitions

建
* to build; to construct; to erect
* to establish; to found
* to propose; to suggest

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 建 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蓋, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 修, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 起, 修 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蓋, 造 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蓋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 起, 整 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 起, 做 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 起, 搭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 起 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 起 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 起 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 做 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 起 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 起, 做 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 做 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 起 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 起 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 起 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蓋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蓋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 開 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 起 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 起 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 起 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 作 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 作 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 起 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 造 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 造, 起 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Danyang | 砌 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 起 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 起 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 起 |

### Compounds

* 五大建設 / 五大建设
* 交通建設 / 交通建设
* 修建 (xiūjiàn)
* 公共建設 / 公共建设
* 創建 / 创建 (chuàngjiàn)
* 十大建設 / 十大建设
* 國家建設 / 国家建设 (guójiā jiànshè)
* 國建 / 国建 (guójiàn)
* 基層建設 / 基层建设
* 增建
* 大建 (dàjiàn)
* 太建
* 夯土建築 / 夯土建筑
* 子建
* 實質違建 / 实质违建
* 封建 (fēngjiàn)
* 封建制度 (fēngjiàn zhìdù)
* 封建思想
* 封建社會 / 封建社会 (fēngjiàn shèhuì)
* 小建 (xiǎojiàn)
* 屋上建瓴 (wūshàngjiànlíng)
* 希臘建築 / 希腊建筑
* 常建
* 建交 (jiànjiāo)
* 建制 (jiànzhì)
* 建功
* 建功立事
* 建功立業 / 建功立业
* 建南 (Jiànnán)
* 建商
* 建國 / 建国 (jiànguó)
* 建國大綱 / 建国大纲
* 建國方略 / 建国方略
* 建地
* 建坊
* 建坪 (Jiànpíng)
* 建始 (Jiànshǐ)
* 建安 (Jiàn'ān)
* 建安七子
* 建安文學 / 建安文学
* 建安風骨 / 建安风骨
* 建安體 / 建安体
* 建寅
* 建屋
* 建康 (Jiànkāng)
* 建德 (jiàndé)
* 建政 (jiànzhèng)
* 建教合作
* 建新 (Jiànxīn)
* 建木
* 建材 (jiàncái)
* 建東 / 建东 (Jiàndōng)
* 建業 / 建业 (Jiànyè)
* 建極 / 建极
* 建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu)
* 建樹 / 建树 (jiànshù)
* 建檔 / 建档 (jiàndàng)
* 建漆
* 建照
* 建物 (jiànwù)
* 建瓴
* 建瓴高屋 (jiànlínggāowū)
* 建甌 / 建瓯 (Jiàn'ōu)
* 建白
* 建窯 / 建窑
* 建立 (jiànlì)
* 建管處 / 建管处
* 建築 / 建筑 (jiànzhù)
* 建築執照 / 建筑执照
* 建築學 / 建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
* 建築工程 / 建筑工程
* 建築師 / 建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
* 建築材料 / 建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
* 建築業 / 建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
* 建築法規 / 建筑法规
* 建築物 / 建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
* 建置 (jiànzhì)
* 建蔽率
* 建蘭 / 建兰 (jiànlán)
* 建言 (jiànyán)
* 建設 / 建设 (jiànshè)
* 建設公債 / 建设公债
* 建設局 / 建设局
* 建設廳 / 建设厅
* 建設性 / 建设性 (jiànshèxìng)
* 建議 / 建议 (jiànyì)
* 建議案 / 建议案
* 建軍 / 建军 (jiànjūn)
* 建造 (jiànzào)
* 建都 (jiàndū)
* 建醮
* 建章 (jiànzhāng)
* 建黨 / 建党 (jiàndǎng)
* 復建 / 复建 (Fùjiàn)
* 心理建設 / 心理建设
* 才過子建 / 才过子建
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 擴建 / 扩建 (kuòjiàn)
* 改建 (gǎijiàn)
* 政治建設 / 政治建设
* 啟建 / 启建
* 整建
* 文建會 / 文建会
* 新建 (xīnjiàn)
* 月建
* 構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn)
* 海建 (Hǎijiàn)
* 營建 / 营建 (yíngjiàn)
* 營建業 / 营建业
* 物質建設 / 物质建设
* 現代建築 / 现代建筑
* 省政建設 / 省政建设
* 砌塊建築 / 砌块建筑
* 破竹建瓴
* 社會建設 / 社会建设
* 禁建
* 福建 (Fújiàn)
* 程序違建 / 程序违建
* 籌建 / 筹建 (chóujiàn)
* 組建 / 组建 (zǔjiàn)
* 經建 / 经建 (jīngjiàn)
* 經濟建設 / 经济建设
* 羅馬建築 / 罗马建筑
* 興建 / 兴建 (xīngjiàn)
* 違建 / 违建 (wéijiàn)
* 違章建築 / 违章建筑
* 重建 (chóngjiàn)
* 闢建 / 辟建
* 防火建材
* 高屋建瓴 (gāowūjiànlíng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* build, establish, erect, found

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: たつ (tatsu, 建つ, Jōyō)、たてる (tateru, 建てる, Jōyō)、たけぶ (takebu, 建ぶ)

#### Compounds

* 建(けん)設(せつ) (kensetsu)
* 建(けん)造(ぞう) (kenzō)
* 建(けん)築(ちく) (kenchiku)
* 建(たて)具(ぐ) (tategu)
* 土(ど)建(けん) (doken)
* 建(たて)物(もの) (tatemono)
* 建(こん)立(りゅう) (konryū)
* 再(さい)建(こん) (saikon)

### Proper noun

建(けん) • (Ken)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

建 (eumhun 세울 건 (se'ul geon))
* hanja form of 건 (“build; establish”)

#### Compounds

* 건물 (建物, geonmul)
* 건축 (建築, geonchuk)
* 건설 (建設, geonseol)
* 건의 (建議, geonui)
* 건조 (建造, geonjo)
* 건공 (建功, geon'gong)
* 건국 (建國, geon'guk)
* 건구 (建具, geon'gu)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

建: Hán Nôm readings: kiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.