# 宦

| 宦 | U+5BA6, &#23462; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA6 |
| ← 宥 [U+5BA5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宧 → [U+5BA7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宦 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十尸中中 (JSLL), four-corner 3071$_7$, composition ⿱宀臣)

#### Derived characters

* 𫐸, 𮅬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 285, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7138
* Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 924, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5BA6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宦 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant.

### Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàn (huan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fon
    (Hailu, HRS): fon$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fon$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang$^5$ / huong$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^6$ / huêng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^4$
*** Yale: hwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^6$
*** Yale: waahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon
*** Hakka Romanization System: fon
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fon⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fon$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fon¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
*** Tâi-lô: huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^6$ / huêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³⁵/, /hueŋ³⁵/
* huang6 - Shantou;
* huêng6 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: hwaenH
Rime :
| Character | 宦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡慣切 |
| Baxter | hwaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwan$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʷˤ<r>a[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæn$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kʷˁ<r>a[n]-s/ |
| English | servant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5361 |
| Phonetic component | 宦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 患 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraːns/ |

### Definitions

宦
* to hold public office
* government official
* eunuch
* a surname

### Compounds

* 世嗣宦族
* 仕宦 (shìhuàn)
* 名宦
* 奄宦
* 官宦 (guānhuàn)
* 官宦人家
* 官宦氣息 / 官宦气息
* 宦人
* 宦囊
* 宦女
* 宦學 / 宦学
* 宦官 (huànguān)
* 宦情
* 宦海 (huànhǎi)
* 宦豎 / 宦竖 (huànshù)
* 宦途 (huàntú)
* 宦遊 / 宦游 (huànyóu)
* 宦達 / 宦达
* 宦門 / 宦门
* 巧宦
* 年宦
* 游宦 (yóuhuàn)
* 素宦
* 羈宦 / 羁宦
* 薄宦
* 謫宦 / 谪宦
* 豎宦 / 竖宦
* 達官顯宦 / 达官显宦
* 鄉宦 / 乡宦
* 門宦 / 门宦 (ménhuàn)
* 閹宦 / 阉宦 (yānhuàn)
* 顯宦 / 显宦

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 宦える)、まなぶ (manabu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宦 (MC hwaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 환〯 (hwǎn) (Yale: hwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))
* hanja form of 환 (“eunuch”)

#### Compounds

* 내환 (內宦, naehwan)
* 환관 (宦官, hwan'gwan)
* 환시 (宦侍, hwansi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宦: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.