# с-
## Abkhaz
### Alternative forms

* сы- (sə-)
* з- (z-)

### Prefix

с- • (s-)
* (possessive prefix) my, mine
    Саб аԥсуа бызшәа бзиаӡаны идыруеит. ― Sab apswa bəzŝʷa bzjadzanə idərwejtʼ. ― My father knows the Abkhaz language very good.
* (1st person singular pronoun) I, me
    Есымша Гәдоуҭаҟа сцон. ― Esəmŝa Gʷdowtaqʼa scon. ― I went everyday to Gudauta.
    Cубеит, cҟəардə уқәтәаны. ― Cubejtʼ, cqʼəardə ukʷtʷʼanə. ― You saw me, while you were sitting on my chair.

#### See also
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* со- (so-) — before certain consonant clusters; also a separate prefix meaning "co-"

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. See Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) for more information. The /n/ persists in снять (snjatʹ) (originally a prefixed derivative of ять (jatʹ, “to take”)), from which other words in -нять (-njatʹ) were produced by rebracketing. See also с (s), Old East Slavic съ (sŭ), and compare the analogous loss of -n- in в- (v-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s] (before vowels and all consonants except those noted below)
* IPA: [z] (before voiced obstruents except for в and ж)
* IPA: [ʐ] (before ж, where it forms a long consonant /ʐː/, as in сжечь (sžečʹ))
* IPA: [ʂ] (before ш, where it forms a long consonant /ʂː/, as in сшить (sšitʹ))
* IPA: [ɕ] (before ч and щ, where it forms a long consonant /ɕː/, as in счита́ть (sčitátʹ))

### Prefix

с- • (s-)
* (with verbs) (describing an action moving from a single position or many positions into another single position)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎лить impf (litʹ, “to pour”) → ‎слить pf (slitʹ, “to pour into one place”)
* (with verbs) down (describing a downward action)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎ходи́ть (xodítʹ, “to go”) → ‎сходи́ть (sxodítʹ, “to go down”)
* (with verbs) off, from off (describing an action of removing oneself to another location)
* added to nouns, forms adverbs with the approximate meaning "from the location of [the noun]"
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎верх (verx, “the top”) → ‎све́рху (svérxu, “from above”)

#### Related terms

* с (s), со- (so-, “con-, co-”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* са- (before affricates, fricatives and certain consonant clusters)

### Prefix

с- (Latin spelling s-)
* Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.
    ‎с- + ‎пу̀стити → ‎спу̀стити
    ‎с- + ‎зна̏ти → ‎са̀знати
    ‎с- + ‎ло̀мити → ‎сло̀мити
    ‎с- + ‎гле̏дати → ‎са̀гледати
    ‎с- + ‎ку̏пити → ‎ску̏пити
    ‎с- + ‎кло̀нити → ‎скло̀нити
    ‎с- + ‎на́ћи → ‎сна̑ћи

#### Derived terms
### References

* “с-”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* з- (z-)

### Etymology

Derives from multiple Proto-Slavic prefixes: *jьz-, *sъ(n)- and *vъz-.

### Prefix

с- • (s-)
* Alternative form of з- (z-) used before: к, ф, п, т, х:
** attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎пита́ти impf (pytáty, “to ask, to inquire”) → ‎спита́ти pf (spytáty)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎фальсифікува́ти impf (falʹsyfikuváty, “to forge, to feign”) → ‎сфальсифікува́ти pf (sfalʹsyfikuváty)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎хапа́ти impf (xapáty, “to grab, to catch”) → ‎схопи́ти pf (sxopýty)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎твори́ти impf (tvorýty, “to make, to create”) → ‎створи́ти pf (stvorýty)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎каза́ти impf (kazáty, “to say, to tell”) → ‎сказа́ти pf (skazáty)
** forms verbs suggesting bringing together or out, literally or abstractly
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎тягти́ impf (tjahtý, “to pull”) → ‎стягти́ pf (stjahtý, “to pull together, to gather in a place”)
    ‎с- (s-) + ‎трима́ти impf (trymáty, “to hold”) → ‎стри́мати pf (strýmaty, “to hold in one place, to fend off”)