# centrum
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English centrum, from Latin centrum. Doublet of centre.

### Noun

centrum (plural centra)
* A centre.
* (anatomy)
** The central body of a vertebra; the solid piece to which the arches and some other parts are or may be attached.
** The basis or fundamental portion of one of the cranial segments, regarded as analogous to vertebrae.
* (seismology) The focus or place of origin of an earthquake.

#### Derived terms

* cytocentrum
* intercentrum
* pleurocentrum

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin centrum, from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron), from κεντέω (kentéō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɛntrum]

### Noun

centrum n
* centre (of a city)
    Synonym: střed
    Antonyms: okraj, periferie
    Hotel se nachází v centru města. ― The hotel is located downtown
* centre (place where activity occurs)
    Synonym: středisko

#### Derived terms

* nákupní centrum
* zdravotní centrum

#### Related terms

* antropocentrický
* antropocentrismus
* centralismus
* centralista
* centralistický
* centralizace
* centralizovat
* centrála
* centrální
* centrifuga
* centrismus
* centrista
* centromera
* centrovat
* decentralizace
* decentralizovat
* egocentrický
* egocentrismus
* ekocentrum
* excentrický
* excentrik
* fitcentrum
* geocentrický
* geocentrismus
* heliocentrický
* heliocentrismus
* koncentrace
* koncentrák
* koncentrát
* koncentricita
* koncentrický
* koncentrovat
* pragocentrismus

### Further reading

* “centrum”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “centrum”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “centrum”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin centrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛn.trʏm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cen‧trum

### Noun

centrum n (plural centra or centrums, diminutive centrumpje n)
* the centre, middle of focal part (e.g. of activity)
* (geometry) centre (UK)
* a centre, centralised facility; also, gathering place
* city centre, town centre
    Synonyms: binnenstad, stadscentrum, stadshart, stadskern

#### Derived terms

* asielzoekerscentrum
* bestuurscentrum
* centrumlinks
* centrumpartij
* centrumrechts
* centrumstad
* centrumvliedend
* centrumzoekend
* dorpscentrum
* gezondheidscentrum
* handelscentrum
* machtscentrum
* sportcentrum
* stadscentrum
* vaccinatiecentrum
* Voedingscentrum
* wijkcentrum
* winkelcentrum
* zakencentrum
* zenuwcentrum

#### Related terms

* centraal
* centreren

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: sentrum
* → Indonesian: sentra (from the plural)

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin centrum (“centre”), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, “sharp point”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɛntrum]
* Hyphenation: cent‧rum
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

centrum (plural centrumok)
* centre (the middle of)
* centre (of a city)
* centre (of an activity)
* (geometry) centre
* (politics) the Centre

#### Related terms

* center
* centralista, centralizáció, centralizál, centralizmus
* centrálé, centrális
* centrálzár
* centrifuga, centrifugál, centrifugális
* -centrikus
* centripetális
* centrista
* centríroz
* decentralizáció, decentralizál
* epicentrum
* excentricitás, excentrikus
* koncentrál, koncentráció, koncentrátum
* koncentrikus
* lapcentrált

### Further reading

* centrum in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* centrum in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, “sharp point”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈken.trum/, [ˈkɛn̪t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃen.trum/, [ˈt͡ʃɛn̪t̪rum]

### Noun

centrum n (genitive centrī); second declension
* center

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* centrālis

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: qendër
* → Asturian: centru
* → Bulgarian: център (centǎr)
* → Catalan: centre
* → Danish: centrum
* → Dutch: centrum
* → English: centre
** → Japanese: センター
** → Korean: 센터 (senteo)
* → French: centre
* → Friulian: centri
* → Galician: centre
* → German: Zentrum
* → Italian: centro
** → Sardinian: tzentru
* → Lithuanian: centras
* → Latvian: centrs
* → Norwegian: sentrum
* → Occitan: centre
* → Piedmontese: centr
* → Polish: centrum
* → Portuguese: centro
* → Proto-Brythonic: *keθr *kentr
** Breton: kentr
** Middle Welsh: kethr
*** Welsh: cethr
* → Romanian: centru
* → Russian: центр (centr)
* → Serbo-Croatian: центар / centar
* → Sicilian: centru
* → Spanish: centro
* → Swedish: centrum, central
* → Turkish: centrum

### References

* “centrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* centrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* centrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin centrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛn.trum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛntrum
* Syllabification: cen‧trum

### Noun

centrum n
* centre (of a city)
* centre (the middle part of)
    Synonym: środek
* centre (of an activity)
    Synonym: ośrodek
* (politics) the Centre

#### Derived terms

* centralny
* centrowy
* centrystyczny
* centralnie
* antycentrum
* centrala
* centralka
* centrowiec
* centrysta
* centrować
* nacentrować
* scentrować
* wycentrować
* zacentrować

### Further reading

* centrum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* centrum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Slovak
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin centrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sentrum]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

centrum n
* center (of a city)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “centrum”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin centrum. Doublet of center.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²sɛnːtrɵm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

centrum n
* centre; the middle of something
* centre; place where a function or activity occurs
* the central areas of a city or a suburb

#### Usage notes

* The various declensions are not tied to different meanings of the word, only a sign of the bewilderness of how best to fit this Latin word into Swedish.
* Swedish uses centrum for the shops at the centre of a suburb (Farsta) or small and medium-sized town (Uppsala), while the centre of a larger city (Stockholm) is often called city.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | centrum | centrums |
| singular | definite | centrumet | centrumets |
| plural | indefinite | centrum | centrums |
| plural | definite | centrumen | centrumens |

#### Derived terms

* i händelsernas centrum
* köpcentrum

#### Related terms

* central
* centrera

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Latin centrum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʒɛnt.ɾum/

### Noun

centrum (definite accusative centrumu, plural centrumlar)
* centre (central area of a city)