# 逆

| 逆 | U+9006, &#36870; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9006 |
| ← 逅 [U+9005] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 逇 → [U+9007] |

## Translingual
### Han character

逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 3830$_4$, composition ⿺辶屰)

### Derived characters

* 磀 縌(𰬳) 𠸺 𡏤 𥉥 𦞮 𦗄 𫏮 𫒼 𩺝(𬶪) 𪄧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
* Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9006

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.
Also originally written 屰, see there for more.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nì (ni$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyie$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jik$^6$ / ngaak$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngak$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngia̍k
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiag$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): nieh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngà̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ge̍k / gia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngêg$^8$ / ngiag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$gniq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nì
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^4$
*** Yale: nì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
*** Palladius: ни (ni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nie
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^6$ / ngaak$^6$
*** Yale: yihk / ngaahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^9$ / ngaak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^6$ / ngag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²/
* jik6 - literary;
* ngaak6 - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit逆 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ni⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ni⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ni⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ȵi⁴²/ 新 /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ni²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ni¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ni³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /niʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵai²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵi²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiak̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /nek̚²²/ /ŋek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jik̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋek̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjaek
Rime :
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (115) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 宜戟切 |
| Baxter | ngjaek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋiɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋrak/ |
| English | go against |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9474 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逆 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraɡ/ |

#### Definitions

逆
* (literary) to greet; to meet; to welcome
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Dàfū nì yú jìng zhě, zhí qí shǒu ér yǔ zhī yán, dào nì zhě, zì chē yī zhī, nì yú mén zhě, hàn zhī ér yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Of the great officers who met him at the borders, he took the hands, and spoke with them. To those who met him [afterwards] on the road, he bowed, [saluting them with his hands]. To those [who were waiting] at the gate, he only nodded.
* (literary) to meet the enemy head-on
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Gù yòngbīng zhī fǎ, gāolíng wù xiàng, bèi qiū wù nì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
    Gōng bù tīng, xīngshī fá Lǔ, zào yú Chángsháo, Lǔ Zhuāng Gōng xīngshī nì zhī, dàbài zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to accept
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Ěr shàng jìng nì tiānmìng, yǐ fèng wǒ yī rén. [Pinyin]
    Do you (deal with them so as to) accord with the mind of Heaven, and thus serve me, the One man.
* opposite
    逆風／逆风 ― nìfēng ― headwind
    逆行 ― nìxíng ― to go against the traffic
* to go against; to disobey
    逆流 ― nìliú ― to go against the current
    忠言逆耳 ― zhōngyánnì'ěr ― good advice isn’t easy on the ear
       ngo$^5$ m$^4$ gam$^2$ jik$^6$ keoi$^5$ ji$^3$. [Jyutping]
       I dare not go against he wishes.
* to resist; to reject
* to rebel; to betray
* adverse; unfavourable
    逆境 ― nìjìng ― adverse situations
* rebel; traitor
* in advance

#### Compounds

* 亂臣逆子 / 乱臣逆子
* 亂逆 / 乱逆 (luànnì)
* 以意逆志
* 倒行逆施 (dàoxíngnìshī)
* 凶逆
* 反逆 (fǎnnì)
* 叛逆 (pànnì)
* 可逆反應 / 可逆反应 (kěnì fǎnyìng)
* 吐逆
* 呃逆 (ènì)
* 嘔逆 / 呕逆
* 大逆 (dànì)
* 大逆不孝
* 大逆不道 (dànìbùdào)
* 大逆無道 / 大逆无道 (dànìwúdào)
* 封筒逆封
* 忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)
* 忤逆 (wǔnì)
* 忤逆不孝 (wǔnì bùxiào)
* 悖逆 (bèinì)
* 惡逆 / 恶逆
* 抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
* 批逆鱗 / 批逆鳞
* 拂逆
* 昏逆
* 本末舛逆
* 桀逆放恣
* 橫逆 / 横逆
* 氣逆 / 气逆
* 目逆
* 相視莫逆 / 相视莫逆
* 篡逆 (cuànnì)
* 罪逆深重
* 背逆
* 舛逆
* 莫逆 (mònì)
* 莫逆之交 (mònìzhījiāo)
* 莫逆之友
* 莫逆之契
* 莫逆交
* 衝波逆折 / 冲波逆折
* 襲逆 / 袭逆
* 覆逆
* 觸逆 / 触逆
* 討逆除暴 / 讨逆除暴
* 誅凶殄逆
* 誅凶討逆 / 诛凶讨逆
* 誅暴討逆 / 诛暴讨逆
* 誖逆
* 謀逆 / 谋逆 (móunì)
* 謀逆不軌 / 谋逆不轨
* 貿易逆差 / 贸易逆差
* 賊臣逆子 / 贼臣逆子
* 逆亂 / 逆乱 (nìluàn)
* 逆事
* 逆來順受 / 逆来顺受 (nìláishùnshòu)
* 逆倫 / 逆伦
* 逆光 (nìguāng)
* 逆入平出
* 逆勢 / 逆势
* 逆取順守 / 逆取顺守
* 逆叛
* 逆向 (nìxiàng)
* 逆向公車 / 逆向公车
* 逆向思考
* 逆向整合
* 逆命
* 逆境 (nìjìng)
* 逆增
* 逆天悖理
* 逆天暴物
* 逆天犯順 / 逆天犯顺
* 逆天背理
* 逆天違理 / 逆天违理
* 逆女
* 逆子 (nìzǐ)
* 逆子賊臣 / 逆子贼臣
* 逆家子
* 逆差 (nìchā)
* 逆序
* 逆折
* 逆接
* 逆料 (nìliào)
* 逆旅 (nìlǚ)
* 逆水 (nìshuǐ)
* 逆水行舟 (nìshuǐxíngzhōu)
* 逆流 (nìliú)
* 逆溫 / 逆温
* 逆溯
* 逆溫層 / 逆温层
* 逆理違天 / 逆理违天
* 逆產 / 逆产
* 逆睹
* 逆知
* 逆耳 (nì'ěr)
* 逆耳之言
* 逆耳利行
* 逆耳忠言
* 逆臣賊子 / 逆臣贼子
* 逆行 (nìxíng)
* 逆行倒施
* 逆訪 / 逆访
* 逆詐 / 逆诈
* 逆證 / 逆证
* 逆豎 / 逆竖 (nìshù)
* 逆賊 / 逆贼 (nìzéi)
* 逆轉 / 逆转 (nìzhuǎn)
* 逆道亂常 / 逆道乱常
* 逆鋒 / 逆锋
* 逆風 / 逆风 (nìfēng)
* 逆風撐船 / 逆风撑船
* 逆鱗 / 逆鳞 (nìlín)
* 違逆 / 违逆 (wéinì)
* 附逆
* 順我者昌，逆我者亡 / 顺我者昌，逆我者亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)
* 頑逆 / 顽逆
* 高空逆溫 / 高空逆温

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ke̍h / ke̍eh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêh$^8$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍h
*** Tâi-lô: ke̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keh
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /keʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /keʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍eh
*** Tâi-lô: ke̍eh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛʔ¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /keʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

逆
* (Hokkien, Teochew) to oppose; to go against
* (Xiamen Hokkien) unable to be harmonious
* (Hokkien) to be stuck in (something)
* (Hokkien) to impede; to hinder
* (Teochew) to quit (something bad)

#### Compounds

* 橫逆 / 横逆
* 逆口話 / 逆口话
* 逆味
* 逆喙
* 逆目
* 逆耳
* 逆膏
* 逆話 / 逆话
* 逆跤
* 逆跤逆手
* 逆馬跤 / 逆马跤

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 逆 |
| Kyūjitai | 逆󠄁 逆+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 逆󠄃 逆+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* reverse, opposite, upside-down
* opposition, rebellion

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: げき (geki)
* Kun: さか (saka, 逆, Jōyō)、さかう (sakau, 逆う)、さかさ (sakasa, 逆さ)、さかさま (sakasama, 逆さま)、さかしま (sakashima, 逆しま)、さかる (sakaru, 逆る)、さからう (sakarau, 逆らう, Jōyō)、むかたむ (mukatamu, 逆む)

#### Compounds

* 逆位
* 逆意
* 逆(ぎゃっ)境(きょう) (gyakkyō)
* 逆計
* 逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう) (gyakkō)
* 逆詐
* 逆(ぎゃく)算(さん) (gyakusan)
* 逆進
* 逆(ぎゃく)襲(しゅう) (gyakushū)
* 逆(ぎゃく)説(せつ) (gyakusetsu)
* 逆接
* 逆賊
* 逆(ぎゃく)転(てん) (gyakuten)
* 逆(ぎゃく)風(ふう) (gyakufū)
* 逆命
* 逆用
* 逆理
* 逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう) (gyakuryū)
* 逆(げき)鱗(りん) (gekirin)
* 順逆
* 反逆
* 吃(しゃっ)逆(くり) (shakkuri)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 逆
* ぎゃく Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ngjaek).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎゃく [gyàkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲa̠kɯ̟]

#### Adjective

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆(ぎゃく)な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni))
* reverse; contrary; opposite
    位置(いち)が逆(ぎゃく)なことに気(き)づく
       ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
       to notice that the positions are switched
    すごすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に普通(ふつう)
       sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
       so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
    クソすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に見(み)たい
       kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
       so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
    逆(ぎゃく)に知(し)りたい
       gyaku ni shiritai
       honestly, I want to know too
* (logic) converse

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 逆だろ | ぎゃくだろ | gyaku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 逆で | ぎゃくで | gyaku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 逆だ | ぎゃくだ | gyaku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 逆な | ぎゃくな | gyaku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 逆なら | ぎゃくなら | gyaku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 逆であれ | ぎゃくであれ | gyaku de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 逆ではない 逆じゃない | ぎゃくではない ぎゃくじゃない | gyaku de wa nai gyaku ja nai |
| Informal past | 逆だった | ぎゃくだった | gyaku datta |
| Informal negative past | 逆ではなかった 逆じゃなかった | ぎゃくではなかった ぎゃくじゃなかった | gyaku de wa nakatta gyaku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 逆です | ぎゃくです | gyaku desu |
| Formal negative | 逆ではありません 逆じゃありません | ぎゃくではありません ぎゃくじゃありません | gyaku de wa arimasen gyaku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 逆でした | ぎゃくでした | gyaku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 逆ではありませんでした 逆じゃありませんでした | ぎゃくではありませんでした ぎゃくじゃありませんでした | gyaku de wa arimasen deshita gyaku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 逆で | ぎゃくで | gyaku de |
| Conditional | 逆なら（ば） | ぎゃくなら（ば） | gyaku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 逆だったら | ぎゃくだったら | gyaku dattara |
| Volitional | 逆だろう | ぎゃくだろう | gyaku darō |
| Adverbial | 逆に | ぎゃくに | gyaku ni |
| Degree | 逆さ | ぎゃくさ | gyakusa |

##### See also

* 真(ま)逆(ぎゃく) (magyaku)
* 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni)

#### Noun

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku)
* reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)のアプローチ
       gyaku no apurōchi
       an opposite approach
* (logic) converse

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “reverse”): 順(じゅん) (jun)
* (antonym(s) of “converse”): 裏(うら) (ura)

#### Affix

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku)
* reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)方(ほう)向(こう)
       gyakuhōkō
       opposite direction

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 逆
* さか Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry. :
| 【さか】 | [noun] (uncommon) being upside-down, reversed, etc. [prefix] contrary, anti-, contra- Alternative spelling 倒 |
(This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “逆”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))
* hanja form of 역 (“reverse; contrary; opposite”)

#### Compounds

* 반역 (反逆/叛逆, banyeok, “revolt, rebellion”)
* 역전 (逆轉, yeokjeon, “reversal; comeback”)
* 역풍 (逆風, yeokpung, “adverse wind, headwind”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.