# primus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin prīmus (“[the] first”); related to prior, the comparative form. Partially cognate to foremost, from Proto-Indo-European [Term?]. Doublet of prime and primo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɹaɪməs/
* Rhymes: -aɪməs

### Noun

primus (plural primuses)
* One of the bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority.
** 1884, Gonzalo Canilla, speech at the Centenary of the consecration of Samuel Seabury
    my own grandfather, some time Bishop of Edinburgh, among its Primuses

#### Derived terms

* primus-ship

### See also

* primus motor

### References

* “primus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* purism

## Latin
### Etymology

From earlier prīsmos, from Proto-Italic *priisemos, a superlative form of the obsolete preposition *pri ~ *prei, related to prae (“before”) (see -issimus for the superlative), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before”). Compare prior (“earlier, in front”), the corresponding comparative. Cognate of Oscan promom, Umbrian promom (“first”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpriː.mus/, [ˈpriːmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpri.mus/, [ˈpriːmus]

### Adjective

prīmus (feminine prīma, neuter prīmum, adverb prīmō); first/second-declension adjective
* first, early
** 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.2–4: […] dī, coeptīs (nam vōs mūtāstis et illa) adspīrāte meīs prīmāque ab orīgine mundī ad mea perpetuum dēdūcite tempora carmen!O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* cum prīmīs
* prīma māteria
* prīmārius
* prīmī decannālēs
* prīmō
* prīmōgenitus
* prīmum mōbile
* prīmum movēns
* prīmum nōn nocēre
* prīnceps

#### Descendants

Descendants which mean "cousin" derive from the ellipsis of cōnsobrīnus prīmus (“first cousin”)
* Balkan Romance:
** Romanian: prim
* Dalmatian:
** praimo
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: primo (see there for further descendants)
** Neapolitan: primo
** Sicilian: primu
* Padanian:
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Emilian: premm
*** Ligurian: primmo
*** Old Lombard: primo
**** Lombard: primm, prumm
**** Gallo-Italic of Sicily: primu, primö
*** Piedmontese: prim, prum
*** Romagnol: prèm
** Friulian: prin
** Istriot: preîmo
** Ladin: prim, prum
** Romansch: emprim, emprem, amprem, prüm
** Venetan: primo
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: prim
** Franco-Provençal: prim
** Old French: prim
** Occitan: prim
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: primu
** Portuguese: primo
** Spanish: primo
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: primmu, primu
* Borrowings:
** → English: primus
** → Old Irish: prím, prím-
*** Irish: príomh-
*** Manx: preeu-
*** Scottish Gaelic: prìomh-
** → Proto-Brythonic: *priβ̃
*** Welsh: prif

### See also

* prima materia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Primum Mobile on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* primum movens on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* primum non nocere on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* “primus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “primus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* primus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* primus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to have a superficial knowledge, a smattering of literature, of the sciences: primis (ut dicitur) or primoribus labris gustare or attingere litteras to receive the first elements of a liberal education: primis litterarum elementis imbui the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium to give the palm, the first place (for wisdom) to some one: primas (e.g. sapientiae) alicui deferre, tribuere, concedere (ambiguous) at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore (ambiguous) at the beginning of spring: ineunte, primo vere (ambiguous) we start by presupposing that..: positum est a nobis primum (c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to be considered the foremost orator: primum or principem inter oratores locum obtinere (ambiguous) to occupy the first, second position in the state: principem (primum), secundum locum dignitatis obtinere (ambiguous) the vanguard: agmen primum
* “primus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* primus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “primus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Primus.

### Noun

primus n (plural primusuri)
* kerosene stove