# 続く
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 続
* つづ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 續く (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

⟨tutuku⟩ → /t͡sut͡suku/ → /t͡sud͡zuku/ → /t͡suzuku/
From Old Japanese 續く (tutuku), with the shift to voicing of the second tsu developing around the Middle Japanese stage.
Cognate with 綴る (tsuzuru, “to spell, write”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つづく [tsùzúkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨzɨkɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「続く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 続く | つづく | [tsùzúkú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 続け | つづけ | [tsùzúké] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 続かれる | つづかれる | [tsùzúkárérú] |
| Causative | 続かせる | つづかせる | [tsùzúkásérú] |
| Potential | 続ける | つづける | [tsùzúkérú] |
| Volitional | 続こう | つづこー | [tsùzúkóꜜò] |
| Negative | 続かない | つづかない | [tsùzúkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 続かなかった | つづかなかった | [tsùzúkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 続きます | つづきます | [tsùzúkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 続いた | つづいた | [tsùzúítá] |
| Conjunctive | 続いて | つづいて | [tsùzúíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 続けば | つづけば | [tsùzúkéꜜbà] |

### Verb

続(つづ)く • (tsuzuku) intransitive godan (stem 続(つづ)き (tsuzuki), past 続(つづ)いた (tsuzuita))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 続ける |
| mediopassive | 続く |
* to continue
* to happen consecutively, continue in a row
* to lead to
* to succeed, follow after

### Suffix

続(つづ)く • (-tsuzuku) godan (stem 続(つづ)き (-tsuzuki), past 続(つづ)いた (-tsuzuita))
* to continue to do something
* to do something consecutively

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 続か | つづか | tsuzuka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 続き | つづき | tsuzuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 続く | つづく | tsuzuku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 続く | つづく | tsuzuku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 続け | つづけ | tsuzuke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 続け | つづけ | tsuzuke |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 続かれる | つづかれる | tsuzukareru |
| Causative | 続かせる 続かす | つづかせる つづかす | tsuzukaseru tsuzukasu |
| Potential | 続ける | つづける | tsuzukeru |
| Volitional | 続こう | つづこう | tsuzukō |
| Negative | 続かない | つづかない | tsuzukanai |
| Negative continuative | 続かず | つづかず | tsuzukazu |
| Formal | 続きます | つづきます | tsuzukimasu |
| Perfective | 続いた | つづいた | tsuzuita |
| Conjunctive | 続いて | つづいて | tsuzuite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 続けば | つづけば | tsuzukeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 続か | つづか | tuduka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 続き | つづき | tuduki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 続く | つづく | tuduku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 続く | つづく | tuduku |
| Realis (已然形) | 続け | つづけ | tuduke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 続け | つづけ | tuduke |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 続かず | つづかず | tudukazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 続けど | つづけど | tudukedo |
| Causal conjunction | 続けば | つづけば | tudukeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 続かば | つづかば | tudukaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 続きき | つづきき | tudukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 続きけり | つづきけり | tudukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 続きつ | つづきつ | tudukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 続きぬ | つづきぬ | tudukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 続けり 続きたり | つづけり つづきたり | tudukeri tudukitari |
| Volitional | 続かむ | つづかむ | tudukamu |

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:続く.

#### Derived terms

* 続(つづ)き (tsuzuki)
* 続(つづ)き合(あ)い (tsuzukiai)
* 続(つづ)き番(ばん)号(ごう) (tsuzukibangō)
* 息(いき)が続(つづ)く (iki ga tsuzuku)
* 打(う)ち続(つづ)く (uchitsuzuku)
* 体(からだ)が続(つづ)く (karada ga tsuzuku)
* 差(さ)し続(つづ)く (sashitsuzuku)
* 立(た)ち続(つづ)く (tachitsuzuku)
* 建(た)て続(つづ)く (tatetsuzuku)
* 取(と)り続(つづ)く (toritsuzuku)
* 乗(の)り続(つづ)く (noritsuzuku)
* 引(ひ)き続(つづ)く (hikitsuzuku)
* 降(ふ)り続(つづ)く (furitsuzuku)

### Verb

続(つづ)く • (tsuzuku) transitive $^†$nidan
* (archaic) to continue
* (archaic) to occur immediately or instantly
* (archaic) to chronicle
* (archaic) to connect

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 続け | つづけ | tuduke |
| Continuative (連用形) | 続け | つづけ | tuduke |
| Terminal (終止形) | 続く | つづく | tuduku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 続くる | つづくる | tudukuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 続くれ | つづくれ | tudukure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 続けよ | つづけよ | tudukeyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 続けず | つづけず | tudukezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 続くれど | つづくれど | tudukuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 続くれば | つづくれば | tudukureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 続けば | つづけば | tudukeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 続けき | つづけき | tudukeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 続けけり | つづけけり | tudukekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 続けつ | つづけつ | tuduketu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 続けぬ | つづけぬ | tudukenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 続けたり | つづけたり | tuduketari |
| Volitional | 続けむ | つづけむ | tudukemu |

#### Derived terms

* 続(つづ)ける (tsuzukeru, modern transitive)
* 続(つづ)け (tsuzuke)
* 続(つづ)け歌(うた) (tsuzukeuta)
* 続(つづ)け打(う)ち (tsuzukeuchi)
* 続(つづ)け書(が)き (tsuzukegaki)
* 続(つづ)け様(ざま) (tsuzukezama)
* 続(つづ)け字(じ) (tsuzukeji)
* 打(う)ち続(つづ)く (uchitsuzuku)
* 思(おも)い続(つづ)く (omoitsuzuku)
* 思(おぼ)し続(つづ)く (oboshitsuzuku)
* 差(さ)し続(つづ)く (sashitsuzuku)
* 立(た)ち続(つづ)く (tachitsuzuku)
* 建(た)て続(つづ)く (tatetsuzuku)
* 取(と)り続(つづ)く (toritsuzuku)
* 乗(の)り続(つづ)く (noritsuzuku)
* 引(ひ)き続(つづ)く (hikitsuzuku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN