# sitten
## English
### Alternative forms

* sittin

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪtən

### Etymology 1

From Middle English siten, seten, from Old English seten, ġeseten, past participle of sittan (“to sit”). Equivalent to sit +‎ -en (past participle). Cognate with Dutch gezeten, German gesessen.

#### Verb

sitten
* (archaic, UK dialectal) past participle of sit; alternative form of sat
** 1810, Legh Richmond, The fathers of the English church:For though we your brethren, who heretofore by our vocation have sitten in the chair of Moses, and be ghostly captains as Moses and Joshua unto you; [...]

#### Adjective

sitten (comparative more sitten, superlative most sitten)
* (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Seated.
** a1513, W. Dunbar, Poems (1998) 155:
    The tailȝeour was no thing weill sittin, He left the sadill.
** c1560, A. Scott, Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 38:
    He micht counter Will on horss, For Sym wes bettir sittin Nor Will.
* Settled; stationary; not easily stirred or moved.
** 1671, J. Livingston, Let. to Parishoners Ancram 15:Their fire edge might help to kindle-up old sitten-up professours.

##### Derived terms

* well-sitten
* sitten-up

### Etymology 2

From Middle English sitten, equivalent to sit +‎ -en (plural present).

#### Verb

sitten
* (obsolete) plural simple present of sit
** 1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender:Such merimake holy saints doth queme, But we here sytten as drownd in a dreme.
** 1593, Michael Drayton, “The Eighth Eglog”, in Idea the Shepheards Garland, […], London: […] [T. Orwin] for Thomas Woodcocke, […], →OCLC; republished as J[ohn] P[ayne] C[ollier], editor, Idea the Shepheards Garland, [London]: [Privately printed], 1870, →OCLC, page 64:This were as good as curds for our Jone, / When at a night we ſitten by the fire.
** 1659, Henry More, The Immortality of the Soul, Book I, Canto IV:While as they sitten soft in the sweet rayes Or vitall vest of the lives generall,
** 1738, Rev. John Whalley, (Please provide the book title or journal name):Then listen, Thenot, to my mournful lay, As wee these willows sitten here emong;

### Anagrams

* ettins, settin', teints, testin'

## Finnish
### Etymology

From siten, formed from se +‎ -ten; the t has doubled likely by contamination from dialectal siittä (which is se, stem si(i)- + -ttä, the same suffix as in että and jotta). Not related to Swedish sedan or Old English siþþan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsitːen/, [ˈs̠it̪ːe̞n]
* Rhymes: -itːen
* Hyphenation: sit‧ten

### Adverb

sitten
* then (soon afterward; next in order of place)
    Ensin syödään, sitten jutellaan. ― First we eat, then we chat.
    Maksa sitten verelläsi! ― Then pay with your blood!
    Sitten voisimme puhua vaikka tästä. ― Next we could talk about this.
* when, (when)ever (with the conjunction kun)
    Sitten, kun jään eläkkeelle... ― When I retire...
    Lähdemme sitten, kun olet valmis. ― We’ll go whenever you’re ready.
    Sitten kun olet tehnyt läksysi, voimme katsella televisiota. ― When you have done your homework, we can watch the television.
* then, in that case
    No sitten ei ole mitään hätää. ― Well then it's not urgent.
* Used for emphasis, often without any additional meaning.
    ...tai sitten ei ― ...or not
    Puhutaan siitä sitten ensi kerralla. ― Let's just talk about it the next time around.
** used to emphasize or intensify questions
    entä sitten? ― so what?
    mitä sitten? ― then what?
    Oliko aiempi väitteesi sitten vain liioittelua? ― So was your earlier claim just an exaggeration?
** acts as an emphatic modifier for tahansa ... (-kin) expressions used to mean "whatever", "whoever"...
    Kenelle tahansa sen sitten annatkin, älä anna sitä minulle. ― Whomever you give it to, don't give it to me.

### Postposition

sitten [with nominative]
* ago
    tunti sitten ― one hour ago
    kolme vuotta sitten ― three years ago
    kauan sitten ― long ago
    pitkän aikaa sitten ― a long time ago

### Preposition

sitten [with genitive]
* since
    Emme ole tavanneet sitten viime vuoden.We haven't met since last year.

#### Derived terms

* sittenkin
* sittenkään

### See also

* jahka

### Further reading

* “sitten”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* sentit, sentti, sentti-

## Hungarian
### Etymology

sitt +‎ -en (case suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃitːɛn]
* Hyphenation: sit‧ten

### Noun

sitten
* superessive singular of sitt

## Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German sitten, Old Saxon sittian.
Cognate with Dutch zitten, German sitzen, English sit, West Frisian sitte, Danish sidde.

### Verb

sitten (past singular seet, past participle seten, auxiliary verb hebben)
* to sit

#### Conjugation

* The plural present indicative sittt is usually spelled sitt but also sitt't.
Usage note:
* The conjugation given is for a dialect which merges all open-mid and close-open vowels and apocopates /ə/. As such it is lacking many distinctions which are grammatical in other dialects.
Basic forms in Münsterland:
* infinitive: sitten ((to) sit)
* third person singular present indicative: sitt (sits)
* first and third person singular past indicative: satt (sat)
* third person plural past indicative: sätten (sat)
* past participle: siäten (sat)

#### References

* G. Ungt: Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ossmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ossmanns Jans up de Reise. Münster, 1861.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch sitten.

### Verb

sitten
* to sit, to be seated
* to sit down
* to settle (of a sore)
* to be located, to be present
* to reside, to live

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: zitten
* Limburgish: zitte

### Further reading

* “sitten (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sitten (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* zitten, zitte (Kent)

### Etymology

From Old English sittan.

### Verb

sitten
* to sit

#### Descendants

* English: sit
* Scots: sit
* Yola: zit

#### References

* “sitten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sittjan.

### Verb

sitten
* to sit
* to be situated, to live

#### Derived terms

* bisitten

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: sitten
** Dutch: zitten
** Limburgish: zitte

#### Further reading

* “sitten”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Verb

sitten
* Alternative form of sizzen