# commando
## English
### Etymology

From Afrikaans kommando, from Portuguese comando (“command”), from Late Latin *commandare, from Latin commendare.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /kəˈmɑːn.dəʊ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
   * Rhymes: -ɑːndəʊ
* (US) IPA: /kəˈmændoʊ/

### Noun

commando (plural commandos or commandoes)
* A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.
** 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 89:The most important objective was at Batna itself, where a group of three commandos each comprising ten men was to attack Deleplanque's sub-prefecture [...].
* A commando trooper.
** 2022 March 8, “Tory MP’s son among UK ex-servicemen heading to Ukrainian front line”, in the Guardian‎:Ben Grant, 30, who spent more than five years as a commando in the Royal Marines, is part of group of seven ex-servicemen who arrived in Ukraine over the weekend to fight invading Russian forces.
* (historical) An organized force of Boer troops in South Africa; a raid by such troops.

#### Derived terms

* commandolike
* go commando
* steak commando

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: commando
* → Greek: κομάντο (kománto)

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “commando”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔˈmɑn.doː/, /koːˈmɑn.doː/
* Hyphenation: com‧man‧do

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish comando.

#### Noun

commando n (plural commando's)
* military command [from 17th c.]
    Synonym: bevel
* order, imperative (especially in relation to the military or animal training) [from 17th c.]
    Synonym: bevel
* unit or division over whom an officer has command [from 17th c.]

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English commando, from Afrikaans kommando, from Portuguese comando.

#### Noun

commando m (plural commando's)
* commando, special forces unit [from 20th c.]
* commando, member of a special forces unit [from mid 20th c.]

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.mɑ̃.do/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

commando m (plural commandos)
* commando (troop, trooper)

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: komando

### Further reading

* “commando”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /komˈman.do/
* Rhymes: -ando
* Hyphenation: com‧màn‧do

### Noun

commando m (plural commandi)
* commando (troop)

## Latin
### Etymology 1

Reflection of commendō based on the unprefixed counterpart mandō.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /komˈmen.doː/, [kɔmˈmɛn̪d̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /komˈmen.do/, [komˈmɛn̪d̪o]

#### Verb

commandō (present infinitive commandāre); first conjugation, no perfect or supine stems
* Alternative form of commendō
** 2nd century CE, Velius Longus, De Orthographia:...et quamvis commendo dicamus tamen commando in consuetudine est....and although we may say commendo, commando is still in use.

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: cumãndu, cumãndari
** Romanian: comânda, cumânda
* Dalmatian:
** comanduar
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: comandare
*** → Spanish: comandar
** Neapolitan: commannare
** Sicilian: cumannari, cumandari
*** → Maltese: kkmanda
* North Italian:
** Friulian: comandâ
** Ladin: cumander
** Romansch: commander
** Venetan: comandar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: comander, cumander, conmander
*** Middle French: commander
**** French: commander
***** Haitian Creole: kòmande
***** → Northern Kurdish: komandar
***** → Portuguese: comandar
***** → Romanian: comanda
*** Norman: c'mander (Jèrriais)
*** → Middle English: comaunden, comanden, commaunden, commanden, comaunde, comande, commaunde
**** English: command
**** Scots: command
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: comanar ⇒ encomanar, recomanar
** Occitan: comandar
*** →? Catalan: comandar

### Etymology 2

From con- +‎ mandō.

#### Verb

commandō (present infinitive commandere, perfect active commandī, supine commānsum); third conjugation (Late Latin)
* to chew

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “commendare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 948
* ↑ https://latin.packhum.org/loc/1374/1/12#12

### Further reading

* “commando”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

commando m (plural commandos)
* Obsolete spelling of comando.

#### Verb

commando
* Obsolete spelling of comando.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

commando
* first-person singular present indicative of commandar