# 碧

| 碧 | U+78A7, &#30887; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78A7 |
| ← 碦 [U+78A6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碨 → [U+78A8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一日一口 (MAMR), four-corner 1660$_1$, composition ⿱珀石)

#### Derived characters

* 𬠲, 𬬓, 𧓮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24334
* Dae Jaweon: page 1249, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2441, character 6
* Unihan data for U+78A7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ) : semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bì (bi$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): bit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pit
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): bĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): pék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phek / phiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$piq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$
*** Yale: bì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: bi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bik$^1$
*** Yale: bīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: big$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bet$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pet̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: bit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pit̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit
*** Hakka Romanization System: bid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pék
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
*** Tâi-lô: phik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
*** Tâi-lô: phiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$piq
*** MiniDict: pih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$piq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: bi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit碧 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /piʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /piɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /piʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰi²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /piʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: pjiek
Rime :
| Character | 碧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (124) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 彼役切 |
| Baxter | pjiek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pwiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pwiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piuɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯wɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praɡ/, /*preɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 碧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*prak/ |
| English | light blue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 碧 | 碧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 219 | 221 |
| Phonetic component | 白 | 白 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 碧 | 碧 |
| Old Chinese | /*praɡ/ | /*preɡ/ |

### Definitions

碧
* green jade
* blue-green

#### Synonyms

* (blue-green):
* 深綠 / 深绿 (shēnlǜ)
* 濃綠 / 浓绿 (nónglǜ)
* 碧綠 / 碧绿 (bìlǜ)
* 翠綠 / 翠绿 (cuìlǜ)
* 蔥 / 葱 (literary, or in compounds)
* 金龜綠 / 金龟绿 (Hokkien)
* 鈂綠 / 𬬵绿 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 青綠 / 青绿 (qīnglǜ)
* 墨綠 / 墨绿 (mòlǜ)
* 墨綠色 / 墨绿色 (mòlǜsè)
* 黛綠 / 黛绿 (dàilǜ) (literary)

### Compounds

* 一碧
* 小家碧玉 (xiǎojiābìyù)
* 澄碧 (chéngbì)
* 看朱成碧
* 碧山
* 碧桃
* 碧水 (bìshuǐ)
* 碧池 (bìchí)
* 碧波 (bìbō)
* 碧油油
* 碧波萬頃 / 碧波万顷
* 碧海 (bìhǎi)
* 碧海青天
* 碧清 (bìqīng)
* 碧溪
* 碧澄
* 碧潭
* 碧澄澄
* 碧玉 (bìyù)
* 碧璽 / 碧玺 (bìxǐ)
* 碧瓦
* 碧眼 (bìyǎn)
* 碧空 (bìkōng)
* 碧空如洗
* 碧綠 / 碧绿 (bìlǜ)
* 碧草如茵
* 碧落 (bìluò)
* 碧藍 / 碧蓝 (bìlán)
* 碧蘿春 / 碧萝春
* 碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
* 碧血 (bìxuè)
* 碧血丹心
* 金幣山水 / 金币山水
* 金碧熒煌 / 金碧荧煌
* 金碧輝煌 / 金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
* 金髮碧眼 / 金发碧眼 (jīnfàbìyǎn)
* 雕楹碧檻 / 雕楹碧槛
* 雪碧 (Xuěbì)

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

### References

* “碧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* blue
* green

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
* Kan-on: へき (heki)
* Kun: みどり (midori, 碧)、あお (ao, 碧)

#### Compounds

* 碧雲(へきうん) (hekiun)
* 碧海(へきかい) (hekikai)
* 碧眼(へきがん) (hekigan)
* 碧虚(へききょ) (hekikyo)
* 碧玉(へきぎょく) (hekigyoku)
* 碧空(へきくう) (hekikū)
* 碧鵲(ヘキサン) (hekisan)
* 碧山(へきざん) (hekizan)
* 碧霄(へきしょう) (hekishō)
* 碧色(へきしょく) (hekishoku)
* 碧水(へきすい) (hekisui)
* 碧天(へきてん) (hekiten)
* 碧落(へきらく) (hekiraku)
* 紺碧(こんぺき) (konpeki)
* 三碧(さんぺき) (sanpeki)
* 丹碧(たんへき) (tanheki)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 碧 (MC pjiek). Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek) (Yale: pyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pjʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [벽]

### Hanja

Wikisource 碧 (eumhun 푸를 벽 (pureul byeok))
* hanja form of 벽 (“blue-green”)

#### Compounds

* 단벽 (丹碧, danbyeok)
* 벽안 (碧眼, byeogan)
* 벽옥 (碧玉, byeogok)
* 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碧: Hán Nôm readings: bích, biếc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.