# 升

| 升 | U+5347, &#21319; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5347 |
| ← 卆 [U+5346] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 午 → [U+5348] |

## Translingual
### Han character

升 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹廿 (HT), four-corner 2440$_0$, composition ⿱丿廾)

#### Derived characters

* 㐼, 呏, 𡉧, 𡛈, 𢗢, 抍, 阩, 𬨠, 𣅮, 枡, 𤆭, 𥘥, 𮂶, 竔, 𮕭, 𰪮, 𥾷, 𦧌, 𭽎, 𰭰, 𮗤, 䛂, 𧿘, 𰼄, 𠦲, 𭅧, 𩫆, 𰅾, 𫧧, 𬹦, 𠧍
* 𬛲, 𰆁, 𠧌, 𦬱, 昇, 𦐒, 𧟨, 𠦿, 𰇌, 𡉼, 𮙶, 𨖲, 𫧪, 𡆼
* 𣃬, 𪣪, 𡎂, 𪣿, 陞, 陹, 𢱼, 𨕞, 𭽓, 𮫳, 𦭊, 𨌝, 𨬁

#### See also

* 飛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2702
* Dae Jaweon: page 353, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5347

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 升 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 升 | *hljɯŋ |
| 昇 | *hljɯŋ |
| 陞 | *hljɯŋ |
| 抍 | *hljɯŋ, *ʔljɯŋʔ |
Pictogram (象形) of a dipper, compare 斗.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shēng (sheng$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шын (šɨn, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n
    (Hailu, HRS): shin$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): seng / chin
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$
*** Yale: shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
*** Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шын (šɨn, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂəŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^1$
*** Yale: sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng / chin
*** Tâi-lô: sing / tsin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sefng, cyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ³³/, /t͡sin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
* seng - literary ("to rise");
* chin - vernacular (measuring unit).
* Middle Chinese: sying
Rime :
| Character | 升 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 識蒸切 |
| Baxter | sying |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-təŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 升 | 升 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēng | shēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sying › | ‹ sying › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-təŋ/ | /*s-təŋ/ |
| English | 1/10th of a dǒu ⽃斗 | rise (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 升 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11300 |
| Phonetic component | 升 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 升 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljɯŋ/ |

### Definitions

* 升 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 升 (Cantonese)
* 升 (Gan)
* 升 (Wu)
升
* a volume unit of measure:
** (historical) sheng, equal to 10 合 (hé)
** litre (unit of measure for volume, chiefly for liquid measure, equal to one thousandth of the cubic metre)
       Chángyòng róngjī dānwèi shēng hé háoshēng, yě kěyǐ xiě chéng L hé mL. [Pinyin]
       Commonly used volume units such as litres and millilitres can also be written as L and mL.
* to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend (literally or figuratively)
    東升西落／东升西落 ― dōng shēng xī luò ― to rise in the east and set in the west
    升值 ― shēngzhí ― (finance) to appreciate (literally, "to rise in value")
* to raise; to lift; to elevate; to promote
    升降機／升降机 ― shēngjiàngjī ― elevator (literally "raising and lowering mechanism")
       Lǎobǎn shēngle nǐde zhí. [Pinyin]
       The boss gave you a promotion (literally, "promoted your rank").
* 46th hexagram of the I Ching; ䷭
* Used in 升平 (shēngpíng, “peaceful”).
* (music) sharp (♯)
* a surname

### Descendants

(Historical unit of measure)
* → Tocharian B: ṣank

### Synonyms

* (litre): 公升 (gōngshēng), 市升 (shìshēng), 立升 (lìshēng)

### Compounds

* 上升 (shàngshēng)
* 五穀不升 / 五谷不升
* 以升量石
* 免試升學 / 免试升学
* 入室升堂
* 公升 (gōngshēng)
* 升任 (shēngrèn)
* 升值 (shēngzhí)
* 升冪 / 升幂 (shēngmì)
* 升坐
* 升堂 (shēngtáng)
* 升堂入室
* 升堂拜母
* 升天 (shēngtiān)
* 升學 / 升学 (shēngxué)
* 升學主義 / 升学主义
* 升官 (shēngguān)
* 升帳 / 升帐 (shēngzhàng)
* 升平 (shēngpíng)
* 升引
* 升斗
* 升斗之祿
* 升斗小民
* 升旗 (shēngqí)
* 升格 (shēnggé)
* 升沉
* 升火
* 升班 (shēngbān)
* 升科
* 升空 (shēngkōng)
* 升等 (shēngděng)
* 升等考試 / 升等考试
* 升糖指數 / 升糖指数 (shēngtáng zhǐshù)
* 升糖素 (shēngtángsù)
* 升級 / 升级 (shēngjí)
* 升級換代 / 升级换代
* 升船機 / 升船机 (shēngchuánjī)
* 升記號 / 升记号
* 升遐 (shēngxiá)
* 升遷 / 升迁 (shēngqiān)
* 升降 (shēngjiàng)
* 升降機 / 升降机 (shēngjiàngjī)
* 升降舵 (shēngjiàngduò)
* 升騰 / 升腾 (shēngténg)
* 升高 (shēnggāo)
* 升高自下
* 回升 (huíshēng)
* 如日方升 (rúrìfāngshēng)
* 序升
* 折腰升斗
* 提升 (tíshēng)
* 揚升 / 扬升
* 擢升 (zhuóshēng)
* 攀升 (pānshēng)
* 教猱升木
* 斗升
* 斗升之水
* 斗升之祿
* 日升月恆 / 日升月恒 (rìshēngyuèhéng)
* 日月升恆 / 日月升恒 (rìyuèshēnghéng)
* 旭日初升
* 旭日東升 / 旭日东升 (xùrìdōngshēng)
* 晉升 / 晋升 (jìnshēng)
* 朝升暮合
* 東升 / 东升 (Dōngshēng)
* 榮升 / 荣升
* 毫升 (háoshēng)
* 湧升流 / 涌升流
* 爬升 (páshēng)
* 直升 (zhíshēng)
* 直升機 / 直升机 (zhíshēngjī)
* 竄升 / 窜升
* 裊裊上升 / 袅袅上升
* 設朝升殿 / 设朝升殿
* 調升 / 调升
* 超升 (chāoshēng)
* 躍升 / 跃升 (yuèshēng)
* 降升調 / 降升调
* 雞犬俱升 / 鸡犬俱升
* 雞犬升天 / 鸡犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
* 騰捷飛升 / 腾捷飞升
* 高升 (gāoshēng)
* 高升調 / 高升调

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* rise, ascend
* measuring box

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: ます (masu, 升, Jōyō)、のぼる (noboru, 升る)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 升
* ます Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠sɨ]

#### Noun

升(ます) • (masu) (counter 升)
* a volume unit, equal to $^{2401}$⁄$_{1331}$ litres (approximately 1804 millilitres).
** a box used for measuring or serving sake in such volume.
** in bottled wine, it is measured in 1800 millilitres.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 升
* しょう Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Noun

升(しょう) • (shō)
* a unit of volume, equal to 10 合 (gō) or about 1.8 liters

### Etymology 3

From the similarity of the character to the katakana チート (chīto, “cheat”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠sɨ]
* IPA: [t͡ɕiːto̞]

#### Noun

升(ます) or 升(チート) • (masu or chīto)
* (video games, Internet slang) cheat

## Korean
### Hanja

升 (eum 승 (seung))
* (되 승): A unit of volume equivalent to about 1.8 L.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

升: Hán Nôm readings: thăng, thưng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.