# 兇

| 兇 | U+5147, &#20807; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5147 |
| ← 兆 [U+5146] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 先 → [U+5148] |

## Translingual
### Han character

兇 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 山大竹山 (UKHU), four-corner 2221$_7$, composition ⿱凶儿)

#### Derived characters

* 㟅 䣴 𣳸 𥞝 𧧗 𧵮 𩰷 𩷇 𤵻 𠒋 𮨼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1348
* Dae Jaweon: page 260, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 268, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5147

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 兇
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
* Small seal scripts05172Transcribed ancient scriptsL30006
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 酗 | *qʰos |
| 凶 | *qʰoŋ |
| 匈 | *qʰoŋ |
| 兇 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |
| 訩 | *qʰoŋ |
| 胸 | *qʰoŋ |
| 胷 | *qʰoŋ |
| 洶 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |
| 恟 | *qʰoŋ |
| 詾 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiōng (xiong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiûng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng$^1$ / hyeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syong
*** Wade–Giles: hsiung$^1$
*** Yale: syūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
*** Palladius: сюн (sjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /hyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
*** Tâi-lô: hiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xjowng, xjowngX
Rime :
| Character | 兇 | 兇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許容切 | 許拱切 |
| Baxter | xjowng | xjowngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨoŋ/ | /hɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hioŋ/ | /hioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xioŋ/ | /xioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huawŋ/ | /huawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xioŋ/ | /xioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭwoŋ/ | /xĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯woŋ/ | /xi̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiōng | xiǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ | hung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/, /*qʰoŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 兇 | 兇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13891 | 13899 |
| Phonetic component | 凶 | 凶 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胷 | 洶 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰoŋ/ | /*qʰoŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

兇
* terrible; fearful
* fierce; ferocious
* ruffian; evildoer; criminal
* act of violence; murder; evil
* (Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) ugly
* (Cantonese) to intimidate

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 醜, 媸 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 醜陋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 難看, 寒磣, 磣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 難看, 醜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 難看, 醜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 難看, 醜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 難看, 醜, 不心疼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 難看, 醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 醜, 不好看 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 難看, 醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 難看, 醜, 相壞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 難睇, 醜, 醜怪, 樣衰, 醜樣, 肉酸, 核突 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 難睇, 醜, 醜怪, 樣衰, 醜樣, 肉酸, 核突 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 難睞 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 惡看, 醜鬼 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不客氣, 難看 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 難看, 難睞, 醜, 像鬼 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 媸, 醜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 媸, 醜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 媸, 醜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 媸, 醜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 媸, 醜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 䆀 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 難看, 醜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 驚人, 毛格式, 生得呆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 驚儂, 驚, 伓好看, 生得呆 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹看, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 兇, 歹看, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 兇, 歹看, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀看, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 歹看, 䆀, 䆀材, 㾀, 䆀猴, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 歹看 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹看, 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 兇, 歹看, 㾀勢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬睇, 野樣, 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 野樣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 野樣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 歹睇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 難看, 怕 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 怕 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 怕 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 難看, 怕 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 難看 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 難看 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 難看 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 難看 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 難覷, 否好覷, 醜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 醜, 不好看, 不打彩 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 醜, 不好看 |

#### Compounds

* 兇惡 / 凶恶 (xiōng'è)
* 兇懼 / 凶惧
* 兇手 / 凶手 (xiōngshǒu)
* 兇殘 / 凶残 (xiōngcán)
* 兇殺 / 凶杀 (xiōngshā)
* 兇焰 / 凶焰 (xiōngyàn)
* 兇犯 / 凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
* 兇狠 / 凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
* 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
* 兇險 / 凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
* 幫兇 / 帮凶 (bāngxiōng)
* 步步行兇 / 步步行凶
* 真兇實犯 / 真凶实犯
* 緝兇 / 缉凶 (jīxiōng)
* 行兇 / 行凶 (xíngxiōng)
* 頂兇 / 顶凶
* 騁兇騁勢 / 骋凶骋势

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 兇 – see 凶 (“bad luck”). (This character is a variant form of 凶).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00269

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* ill luck

#### Readings

* Go-on: くう (kū)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 兇れる)

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 兇 is mostly replaced by 凶, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Compounds

* 兇(きょう)悪(あく) (kyōaku)
* 兇(きょう)漢(かん) (kyōkan)
* 兇(きょう)器(き) (kyōki)
* 兇(きょう)懼(く) (kyōku)
* 兇(きょう)険(けん) (kyōken)
* 兇(きょう)行(こう) (kyōkō)
* 兇(きょう)刃(じん) (kyōjin)
* 兇(きょう)弾(だん) (kyōdan)
* 兇(きょう)徒(と) (kyōto)
* 兇(きょう)犯(はん) (kyōhan)
* 兇(きょう)変(へん) (kyōhen)
* 兇(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
* 元(げん)兇(きょう) (genkyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

兇 (eumhun 흉악할 흉 (hyung'akhal hyung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 원흉 (元兇, wonhyung)
* 흉기 (兇器, hyunggi)
* 흉당 (兇黨, hyungdang)
* 흉도 (兇徒, hyungdo)
* 흉맹 (兇猛, hyungmaeng)
* 흉사 (兇事, hyungsa)
* 흉수 (兇手, hyungsu)
* 흉악 (兇惡, hyung'ak)
* 흉역 (兇逆, hyung'yeok)
* 흉인 (兇刃, hyung'in)
* 흉적 (兇賊, hyungjeok)
* 흉탄 (兇彈, hyungtan)
* 흉포 (兇暴, hyungpo)
* 흉학 (兇虐, hyunghak)
* 흉한 (兇漢, hyunghan)
* 흉행 (兇行, hyunghaeng)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

兇: Hán Nôm readings: hung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.