# nap
## Translingual
### Symbol

nap
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Neapolitan.

## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /næp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: knap
* Rhymes: -æp

### Etymology 1

From Middle English nappen, from Old English hnappian (“to doze, slumber, sleep”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn (“to nap”). Cognate with Old High German hnaffezan, hnaffezzan (whence Middle High German nafzen (“to slumber”) whence German dialectal napfezen, nafzen (“to nod, slumber, nap”)).

#### Verb

nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
* To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.
    Synonyms: snooze, doze
* (figuratively) To be off one's guard.
    The regulators were caught napping by the financial collapse.
** 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:I took thee napping, unprepared.

##### Derived terms

* catch napping

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English nap, from the verb nappen.

#### Noun

nap (plural naps)
* A short period of sleep, especially one during the day.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shut-eye, Thesaurus:sleep

##### Derived terms

* catnap
* dirt nap
* disco nap
* have a nap
* micronap
* nanna nap
* napless
* power nap
* take a dirt nap
* take a nap

##### See also

See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take for collocations of nap.

### Etymology 3

From late Middle English noppe, nappe, from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German noppe, noppen (“to trim the nap”), ultimately from knappen (“to eat, crack”), of imitative origin. Related to the first element of knapsack.

#### Noun

nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
* A soft or fuzzy surface, generally on fabric or leather.
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):I tell thee, Jack Cade the clothier means to dress the commonwealth, and turn it, and set a new nap upon it.
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “16”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:On his long, gaunt body, he carried no spare flesh, no superfluous beard, his chin having a soft, economical nap to it, like the worn nap of his broad-brimmed hat.
** 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 37:There were low bookshelves, there was a thick pinkish Chinese rug in which a gopher could have spent a week without showing his nose above the nap.
** 1961, Skyline, page 9:THEY CALL IT the "nap of the Earth," that area from the ground to the level of surrounding trees and hills, the thin rug of foliage and rock folds at the Earth's skin line that has become all-important to the United States Army.
** 1987, Some Data Processing Requirements for Precision Nap-Of-the-Earth (NOE) Guidance and Control of Rotorcraft:
    If incorporated in automatic guidance, this practical pursuit adjustment will enhance pilot acceptance of automatic guidance in following nap-of-the-earth profiles with precision.
* The common direction, on some kinds of fabric, of the hairs making up the pile.
    If the fabric has a nap, make sure all pieces are cut with the nap going the same direction.
** 1969, Classic Car, volumes 17-19, page 32:Instead of grinding the pistons straight around the axis, they are ground diagonally with a special-built machine. As a result, the “nap” of the metal is turned in such a way that, when it meets the “nap” of the cylinder wall, both surfaces quickly develop a high finish which removes the danger of scoring a piston.

##### Derived terms

* nap dress
* napless
* nappy
* nap-of-the-earth

##### Translations
#### Verb

nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
* To form or raise a soft or fuzzy surface on (fabric or leather).

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

From the name of the French emperor Napoleon I of France.

#### Noun

nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
* (British) A type of bet in British horse racing, based on the experts' best tips.
** 2005, Leighton Vaughan-Williams, The Economics of Gambling, page 71:4. Races run on English, Welsh or Scottish racecourses. This criterion was included so that media tipsters nap selections in general could be analysed; the source of naps, The Racing Rag 'tipster table', summarises the nap selections of newspaper tipsters, who restrict their selection to horses running at racecourses in these countries.
* (uncountable, card games) A card game in which players take tricks; properly Napoleon.
* A bid to take five tricks in the card game Napoleon.

##### Derived terms

* go nap

##### Translations
### Etymology 5

Probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Swedish nappa (“to pluck, pinch”). Related to nab.

#### Verb

nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
* (obsolete) To grab; to nab.

##### Alternative forms

* knap (obsolete)

##### Derived terms

* dognap
* kidnap
* nap the regulars
* teen-nap

### Etymology 6

From French napper, from nappe (“nape”).

#### Verb

nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
* (cooking) To cover (something) with a sauce. (usually in the passive)
** 2006, Wayne Gisslen, Mary Ellen Griffin, Professional Cooking for Canadian Chefs:Vanilla ice cream topped with a poached or canned pear half, napped with chocolate sauce, and garnished with toasted sliced almonds.

### Etymology 7

From Middle English nap (“a bowl”), from Old English hnæpp (“a cup, bowl”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz (“a cup, bowl”). Cognate with Dutch nap (“drinking cup”), Low German Napp (“bowl, cup”), German Napf (“bowl”), Icelandic hnappur (“button, key”). Doublet of hanap. See also nappy.

#### Noun

nap (plural naps)
* (Northern England, Scotland) A cup, bowl.

##### References

* The Dictionary of the Scots Language

### Anagrams

* ANP, NPA, PAN, PNA, Pan, Pan., pan, pan-

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan nap, from Latin nāpus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnap]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ap

### Noun

nap m (plural naps)
* turnip, Brassica rapa

### References

* “nap” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “nap”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “nap” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “nap” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chuukese
### Adjective

nap
* great

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch nap, from Old Dutch nap, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑp/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: nap
* Rhymes: -ɑp

### Noun

nap m (plural nappen, diminutive napje n)
* drinking cup

#### Derived terms

* bedelnap
* zuignap

### Anagrams

* pan

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Of unknown origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɒp]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒp

### Noun

nap (plural napok)
* day
    Egy hét hét napból áll. ― A week consists of seven days.
* sun (also written Nap in astronomical context), (in compounds) solar
    Süt a nap. ― The sun is shining.
    napszél ― solar wind
    naprendszer ― solar system

#### Usage notes

(day):
Adverbs of temporal nouns     (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) :
| no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
| -kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
| -ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
| -n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
| -val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
(sun): Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. For föld (“ground, soil”)―​Föld (“Earth”), hold (“moon, satellite”)―​Hold (“the Moon”), and nap (“day; sun”)―​Nap (“the Sun”), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent: egyenlítő (“equator”)―​Egyenlítő (“Equator”), naprendszer (“solar system, planetary system”)―​Naprendszer (“Solar System”), and tejút (“galaxy”, literally “milky way”, but galaxis and galaktika are more common)―​Tejút (“Milky Way”).

#### Derived terms

* napi
* napjainkban
* naponta
* napozik
* nappal
* napellenző
* napernyő
* naperőmű
* napfelkelte
* napfény
* napfogyatkozás
* napforduló
* naphal
* napkelet
* napkelte
* napkitörés
* napközben
* naplemente
* naplopó
* napnyugta
* napóra
* napraforgó
* naprendszer
* napsugár
* napsütés
* napszak
* napszemüveg
* napszél
* napszítta
* napszúrás
* naptár
* naptej
* napvilág
* aznap
* bányásznap
* hétköznap
* holnap
* hónap
* ítéletnap
* kétnapos
* másnap
* mindennap
* munkanap
* névnap
* pihenőnap
* szabadnap
* szombatnap
* szökőnap
* születésnap
* szülinap
* tegnap
* ünnepnap
* anyák napja
* jó napot
* munkaszüneti nap
* nap-éj egyenlőség

### Adverb

nap
* (following certain adjectives) on the specified (kind or number of) day(s)
    Synonym: napon
    minden áldott nap ― (on) every single day
    Egész nap ott voltunk. ― We were there (on) the whole day.
    Egyik nap ezt akarja, (a) másik nap meg azt. ― S/he wants one thing on some days and another (thing) on other days.
    Egy nap úgy döntött, elég volt. ― (On) some day s/he decided enough was enough.

#### Usage notes

Using a bare noun for an adverb is typical for times of the day like reggel (“morning”), este (“evening”) etc., but not for time units like minute, hour, week, month, or year, which all take a suffix when used as adverbs (percben, órában, héten, hónapban, évben). Even nap takes -on in most cases other than those above. However, the bare form also occurs in compound adverbs such as aznap, másnap, mindennap and vasárnap (the latter functions as a noun too), as well as tegnap and holnap.

### References

* ↑ nap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* nap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English hnæpp, from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.

#### Alternative forms

* nep, nappe, neppe

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nap/

#### Noun

nap (plural nappes)
* A bowl for one's beverages; a chalice.

##### Descendants

* English: nap (now dialectal)
* Scots: nap

##### References

* “nap, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.

### Etymology 2

A back-formation from nappen.

#### Alternative forms

* nappe

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nap/

#### Noun

nap
* A nap or doze; a short sleep.

##### Descendants

* English: nap
* Scots: nap
* Yola: nappe

##### References

* “nap, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

nap
* Alternative form of nappen

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan nap, from Latin nāpus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

nap m (plural naps)
* turnip (Brassica rapa)

#### Derived terms

* nap del diable

### References

* Arve Cassignac, Dictionnaire français-occitan, occitan-français, 2015

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑːp/

### Verb

nāp
* first/third-person singular preterite indicative of nīpan

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* нап (nap) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin nāpus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnap/
* Rhymes: -ap

### Noun

nap m (plural napi)
* turnip or swede (Brassica rapa)
* carrot

#### See also

* navetă
* rapiță
* sfeclă