# שרה
## Hebrew

* Root
* שׂ־ר־ר (s-r-r)
* 2 terms

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *śarār (“to rule”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒊩𒈗 (šarratum, “queen”).

#### Proper noun

שָׂרָה • (sará) f [pattern: קַטְלָה]
* a female given name, equivalent to English Sarah
* (biblical) Sarah (the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible)

##### References

* H8283 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

##### Further reading

* שרה on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

#### Noun

שָׂרָה • (sará) f (masculine counterpart שַׂר) [pattern: קַטְלָה]
* (Biblical Hebrew) lady, princess, queen
* (government) a female cabinet minister

##### References

* H8282 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Weninger, Stefan, editor (2011), The Semitic Languages - An International Handbook, KG, Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 93

### Etymology 2

Compare Arabic شَرَى (šarā, “to persevere”).

#### Verb

שָׂרָה • (sará) (pa'al construction)
* to be or become great, prince-like
* to contend, struggle, wrestle, overcome
** Tanach, Genesis 32:28:
    וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁים וַתּוּכָל׃
       vayómer ló ya'akóv ye'amér 'ód shim'khá kí 'im-yisra'él ki-saríta 'im-'elohím v'im-'anashím vatukhál.
       wayyṓmer lō yaʿăqōḇ yēʾāmēr ʿōḏ šiməḵā kī ʾim-yiśrāʾēl kī-śārī́ṯā ʿim-ʾĕlōhīm wəʾim-ʾănāšīm wattūḵāl.
       Translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
          And he said: ‘Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.’
       Translation of Aryeh Kaplan, based on Onkelos and others:
          Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel. You have become great before God and man. You have won.
       Alternative translation of Aryeh Kaplan, based on the Septuagint and others:
          […] You have fought (or struggled) with a divine being and you have won.
       Translation of the King James Version:
          And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
       Young's Literal Translation:
          And he saith, ‘Thy name is no more called Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast been a prince with God and with men, and dost prevail.’
       Translation of the American Standard Version:
          And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

##### References

* H8280 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 3

* Root
* שׁ־ר־ה (sh-r-h)
* 2 terms

#### Verb

שָׁרָה • (shará) (pa'al construction)
* (literary) (intransitive) to soak, permeate
* (Biblical Hebrew) to let loose

##### References

* H8281 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* “שרה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Etymology 4

* Root
* שׁ־י־ר (sh-y-r)
* 3 terms

#### Verb

שרה
* (שָׁרָה, shára) Third-person feminine singular past (suffix conjugation) of שָׁר (shar).
* (שָׁרָה, shará) Feminine singular present participle and present tense of שָׁר (shar).

## Yiddish
### Proper noun

שרה • (sore)
* (nonstandard) Unpointed form of שׂרה (sore).