# stour
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English store, stoor, stour (“tall, powerful”), from Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōr, from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, *stōrijaz (“great, big, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā-r-, *stō-r- (“steadfast, firm; standing tall; big, bulky”).
Akin to Scots stour (“tall, large, great, stout”), Saterland Frisian stor (“great, many”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian stor (“large, great”), Icelandic stórr (“large, tall”), Polish stary (“old, ancient”), Albanian stër- (“big, huge”). Compare also stoor, steer, stately.

#### Alternative forms

* stoor, stoore, stoure, stowr, stuir, stur, sture, sturry

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɔː/, /ˈstʊə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈstɔɹ/, /ˈstʊɚ/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ), -ʊə(ɹ)

#### Adjective

stour (comparative more stour, superlative most stour)
* (now rare outside dialects) Tall; large; stout.
* (now rare outside dialects) Strong; powerful; hardy; robust; sturdy.
* (now rare outside dialects) Bold; audacious.
* (now rare outside dialects) Rough in manner; stern; austere; ill-tempered.
* (now rare outside dialects, of a voice) Rough; hoarse; deep-toned; harsh.
* (now rare outside dialects, of cloth, land, etc.) Inflexible, stiff.
** 1544 (date written; published 1571), Roger Ascham, Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions, of Shooting. […], London: […] Thomas Marshe, →OCLC; republished in The English Works of Roger Ascham, […], London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], and J[ohn] Newbery, […], 1761, →OCLC, book 2, page 148:A fenny gooſe, even as her fleſhe is blacker, ſtoorer, unholſomer, ſo is her feather, for the ſame cauſe, courſer, ſtoorer, and rougher, and therefore I have heard very good fletchers ſay, that the ſecond fether in ſome place is better than the pinion in other ſome.
* (obsolete) Resolute; unyielding.

##### Derived terms

* stourly
* stourness

#### Noun

stour (plural stours)
* (UK dialectal, Ulster) A blowing or deposit of dust; dust in motion or at rest; dust in general.

#### Adverb

stour (comparative more stour, superlative most stour)
* (now chiefly dialectal) Severely; strongly.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English stoure, stourre, from Old Norse staurr (“a stake, pale”), from Proto-Germanic *stauraz (“pole, support”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā- (“to stand, place”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“a stake, pole”), Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “a stake, cross”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstaʊə/, /ˈstaʊ.ə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈstaʊɚ/, /ˈstaʊɹ/
* Rhymes: -aʊə(ɹ), -aʊə, -aʊɹ

#### Noun

stour (plural stours)
* A stake.
* A round of a ladder.
* A stave in the side of a wagon.
* A large pole by which barges are propelled against the stream; a poy.

### Etymology 3

From Middle English stour, stor (“conflict”) from Anglo-Norman estur (“conflict, struggle”), from Old French estour, estor, estorme, estourmie, estormie (“battle, assault, conflict, tumult”), from Vulgar Latin *estorma, *storma (“battle, conflict, storm”), from Frankish *sturm (“storm, commotion, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”). Akin to Old High German sturm (“battle, storm”). More at storm.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɔː/, /ˈstʊə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈstɔɹ/, /ˈstʊ(ə)ɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ), -ʊə, -ʊ(ə)ɹ

#### Noun

stour (plural stours)
* (obsolete) An armed battle or conflict.
** 1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in, (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:, Book V:
    Then there began a passyng harde stoure, for the Romaynes ever wexed ever bygger.
** 1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, XII, xv:
    This pair, who past have many a dreadful stour, / And proffer now to prove this venture stout, / Alone to this attempt let them go forth, / Alone than thousands of more price and worth.
* (obsolete) A time of struggle or stress.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Then gan she waile and weepe, to see that woefull stowre.
* (now dialectal) Tumult, commotion; confusion.

#### Verb

stour (third-person singular simple present stours, present participle stouring, simple past and past participle stoured)
* Alternative form of stoor

### Anagrams

* Rusto, Sutor, Tours, roust, routs, sutor, torus, tours

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* stoor

### Adjective

stour
* Alternative form of store