# learn
## English
### Alternative forms

* learne (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: lûn, IPA: /lɜːn/
* (General American) enPR: lûrn, IPA: /lɝn/
* Audio (UK); “to learn”:(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* (dialectal) enPR: lä(r)n, IPA: /lɑː(ɹ)n/ (see larn)
* (Early Modern) IPA: /lɛːrn/, /lɛrn/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)n

### Etymology 1

From Middle English lernen, from Old English leornian, from Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn, from Proto-Germanic *lizaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(le-)lóys-e, stative from the root *leys- (“track, furrow, trace, trail”).
Cognate with German lernen (“to learn”). See also lore.

#### Verb

learn (third-person singular simple present learns, present participle learning, simple past and past participle learned or learnt)
* To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something.
** 1782–1785, William Cowper, “(please specify the page)”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC:a school in which he learns sly circumvention
** 1987 April 18, Tom Grabosky, “Gay Men's Voices Rise Up Singin'”, in Gay Community News, page 7:I was very impressed with the obvious amount of work that went into the learning and synchronization of such a complex and harmonically and difficult score.
** 1988, Mark Andre Peter Loranc, “Acknowledgements”, in A Study of the Ionospheric Signature of Ion Supply from the Ionosphere to the Magnetosphere (PhD dissertation), University of Texas at Dallas, page iv:I have learned far more from them about how to be a scientist than they realize. Above all else, they taught me the virtues of proper waterfowl alignment.
** 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
    Every day I learn more about this great city.
       Audio (US):(file)
** 2019 December 15, Hugh Graham, Alice Hutton, “Milk or tea first? Charles's butlers have the answer”, in The Sunday Times, number 10,188, page 5:Other rules learnt by butlers include lighting candles 15 minutes before guests enter a room, and not saying "good morning" to guests until you are 5ft away.
* To attend a course or other educational activity.
** 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:For, as he took delight to introduce me, I took delight to learn.
* To gain knowledge from a bad experience so as to improve.
    learn from one's mistakes
* To study.
    I learn medicine.
    They learn psychology.
* To come to know; to become informed of; to find out.
    He just learned that he will be sacked.

##### Usage notes

* See other, dated and regional, sense of learn below.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) learn | (to) learn |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | learn | learned |
| 2nd-person singular | learn, learnest$^†$ | learned, learnedst$^†$ |
| 3rd-person singular | learns, learneth$^†$ | learned |
| plural | learn | learned |
| subjunctive | learn | learned |
| imperative | learn | — |
| participles | learning | learned |
$^†$Archaic or obsolete.

##### Synonyms

* study

##### Antonyms

* forget
* teach

##### Derived terms

* belearn
* forelearn
* learn Chinese
* learned
* learner
* learn from experience
* learn one's lesson
* learn one's place
* learn the hard way
* learn the ropes
* learn to walk before one can run
* lessons learned
* live and learn
* lunch-and-learn
* must-learn
* overlearn
* that'll learn someone
* unlearn
* who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl
* you are never too old to learn
* you learn something new every day
* you're never too old to learn

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

learn (plural learns)
* The act of learning something
** 2003, Gregory A. Raymer, The Woodie Chronicles: My Journey Through America on the road t recovery in a 1949 Woodie Wagon:I did a quick learn of the place by watching the people shuffle in. There was a healthy mix of beautiful and freaky people, who shared a few common denominators […]

### Etymology 2

Possibly related to Middle English leren, from Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, indoctrinate”), from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”), from *laizō (“lore, teaching", literally, "track, trace”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to track, furrow”).
Cognate with Scots lere, leir, Saterland Frisian leere, West Frisian leare, Dutch leren, German lehren, Danish lære, Swedish lära. See also lear, lore. But normally the Middle English word would give lere, not learn.

#### Verb

learn (third-person singular simple present learns, present participle learning, simple past and past participle learned or learnt)
* (now only in non-standard speech and dialects) To teach.
    Give him a clip round the ear. That'll learn him!
** 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter IX, in Le Morte Darthur, book VIII:And whan she had serched hym she fond in the bottome of his wound that therin was poyson And soo she heled hym […] and therfore Tramtrist cast grete loue to la beale Isoud for she was at that tyme the fairest mayde and lady of the worlde And there Tramtryst lerned her to harpe and she beganne to haue grete fantasye vnto hym(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:Sweet prince, you learn me noble thankfulness.
** 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:Have I not been Thy pupil long? Hast thou not learn'd me how To make perfumes?
** 1663 April 27 (Gregorian calendar), John Bunyan, “Touching Parents”, in Christian Behaviour; or The Fruits of True Christianity. […], London: […] F. Smith, […], →OCLC, page 56:[…] Take heed of filling their [i.e., children's] heads with VVhimzies, and unprofitable Notions; for this vvill ſooner learn them to be malepert and proud, than ſober and humble.
** 1993, The Simpsons, (18 Feb. 1993) Lisa's thoughts:
    That'll learn him to bust my tomater.

##### Usage notes

Now often considered non-standard.

##### Derived terms

* learned

##### Related terms

* larn
* lore

##### Translations
### References

* “learn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “learn”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC..
* Family Word Finder, Readers Digest Association Inc. NY 1975
* ↑ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 470: “Learn has ę̄ in Levins (beside ĕ), Hart (beside ĕ), Bullokar, and Cooper, and ĕ in Robinson, Gil, Hodges, Poole, Coles, Brown, and RS.”.

### Anagrams

* Laren, Larne, laner, neral, renal

## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* learna
* learnan (Timau)

### Etymology

From Old High German lernēn, lirnēn, from Proto-West Germanic *liʀnēn. Compare German lernen, English learn, Dutch leren, Danish lære.

### Verb

learn
* (Sappada, Sauris) to learn

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Scots
### Etymology

From Old English leornian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɛrn/

### Verb

learn (third-person singular simple present learns, present participle learnin, simple past learnt, past participle learnt)
* To learn.
* To teach.