OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adelsheimer
## German
### Etymology

From Adelsheim +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaːdl̩sˌhaɪ̯mɐ]
* Hyphenation: Adels‧hei‧mer

### Noun

Adelsheimer m (strong, genitive Adelsheimers, plural Adelsheimer, feminine Adelsheimerin)
* Native or inhabitant of Adelsheim

#### Declension
### Adjective

Adelsheimer (indeclinable, no predicative form)
* (relational) of Adelsheim

#### Usage notes

* Words like this are considered indeclinable adjectives, as noted by Duden, DWDS and other modern German references, but are capitalized because they originated as genitive plurals of substantives. See -er for more.
# reverka
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [reˈverka]
* Rhymes: -erka
* Hyphenation: re‧ver‧ka

### Adjective

reverka (accusative singular reverkan, plural reverkaj, accusative plural reverkajn)
* rewrite (used attributively)
# hocher
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French hochier, from Old French hochier (“to shake, jostle, stir, swing, move, twitch”), from Frankish *hotsōn, *hottisōn, from *hottōn (“to shake, toss”), from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to swing, rock, shake”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- or *kwēt- (“to shake, rock back and forth”). See also hod.
* Dutch hutsen, hutselen (“to shake, shudder”)
* English hustle
* Old English hūdenian (“to rock, shake”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.ʃe/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

hocher
* to nod (move one's head)

#### Related terms

* hochet
* hocheur

### Further reading

* “hocher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# clift
## English
### Etymology

Variant form of cliff, influenced by cleft.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /klɪft/
* Rhymes: -ɪft

### Noun

clift (plural clifts)
* (obsolete) A cliff. [14th–19th c.]
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:So downe he fell, as an huge rockie clift, / Whose false foundation waues haue washt away [...].
** 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 91:so broad is the bay here, we could scarce perceive the great high clifts on the other side: by them we Anchored that night and called them Riccards Cliftes.

#### Derived terms

* clifted
* clifty

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* clyft, clifte, clyfte

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz; equivalent to cleven +‎ -th.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klift/

### Noun

clift (plural cliftes)
* A cleft; a fission, fissure, or split in something.
* A slash wound; an injury from an instance of slicing, cleaving, rupturing or cutting.
* The fork in one's legs or behind; a bodily cleft.
* (rare) A cliff or bank.
* (rare) A slicing for surgical reasons.
* (rare) A shard or piece of something.

#### Descendants

* English: cleft
* Scots: clift

#### References

* “clift, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-31.
# sneeuwvlo
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of sneeuw (“snow”) +‎ vlo (“flea”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsneːu̯.vloː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sneeuw‧vlo

### Noun

sneeuwvlo f (plural sneeuwvlooien, diminutive sneeuwvlootje n or sneeuwvlooitje n)
* snow flea (Boreus hyemalis)
    Synonym: sneeuwspringer

### Further reading

* sneeuwvlo on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# TAD
## English
### Noun

TAD (countable and uncountable, plural TADs)
* (uncountable) Initialism of tobacco, alcohol and drugs.
* (countable, veterinary medicine) Initialism of transboundary animal disease.

### Anagrams

* .dat, ADT, ATD, D. A. T., D.A.T., DAT, DTA, TDA, dat, dat.
# anatomiczny
## Kashubian
### Etymology

From anatomiô +‎ -iczny. Compare Polish anatomiczny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.na.tɔˈmit͡ʃ.ni/
* Rhymes: -it͡ʃni
* Syllabification: a‧na‧to‧micz‧ny

### Adjective

anatomiczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) anatomy; anatomical (science that deals with the form and structure of organic bodies)
* (relational) anatomy; anatomical (organization of some phenomenon)

#### Related terms

* anatom
* anatomista

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “anatomiczny”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “anatomiczny”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Polish
### Etymology

From anatomia +‎ -iczny. First attested in 1661–1668.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.na.tɔˈmit͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: a‧na‧to‧micz‧ny

### Adjective

anatomiczny (not comparable, derived adverb anatomicznie)
* (relational) anatomy; anatomical (science that deals with the form and structure of organic bodies)
* (relational) anatomy; anatomical (organization of some phenomenon)

#### Related terms

* anatomopatologiczny
* anatom
* anatomia patologiczna
* anatomopatolog

#### Collocations

* atlas anatomiczny ― anatomic atlas
* budowa anatomiczna ― anatomical build
* przystosowania anatomiczne ― anatomical adaptations
* szczegóły anatomiczne ― anatomical details
* cechy anatomiczne ― anatomical traits/features
* struktury anatomiczne ― anatomical structures
* preparat anatomiczny ― anatomical microscope slide
* wady anatomiczne ― anatomical flaws
* różnice anatomiczne ― anatomical differences
* konstrukcja anatomiczna ― anatomical construction
* zmiany anatomiczne ― anatomical changes
* badania anatomiczne ― anatomical research
* anatomiczny kształt ― anatomical shape
* anatomiczny człowiek ― anatomical person

### References

* ↑ Krystyna Siekierska (03.07.2008) “ANATOMICZNY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

### Further reading

* anatomiczny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* anatomiczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “anatomiczny”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “anatomiczny”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “anatomiczny”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 35
* anatomiczny in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# Tatsachenverdreher
## German
### Etymology

Tatsache +‎ Verdreher

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtaːtzaxn̩fɛɐ̯ˌdʁeːɛɐ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Tat‧sa‧chen‧ver‧dre‧her

### Noun

Tatsachenverdreher m (strong, genitive Tatsachenverdrehers, plural Tatsachenverdreher, feminine Tatsachenverdreherin)
* prevaricator
** 1910, Marie Eugenie Delle Grazie, Heilige und Menschen, Kapitel 5
    »Ein Schwindel – eure ganze Entwicklungslehre!« erboste sich Prospero, häufte aber dabei seinen Teller so voll mit den kleinen Fischen, daß Bartolo ihn im Augenblick durchschaute. »Deshalb brauchst du mir nicht alle Sardinen wegzuessen, mein Lieber!« lachte er stirnrunzelnd. »Und um auf die Entwicklungslehre zu kommen – die konnten eure Jesuiten und Tatsachenverdreher als Schwindel ansprechen, so lang dieses Übergangsglied noch nicht gefunden war. Die fossilen Knochen auf Java haben die Reihe unserer Ahnen geschlossen.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* spin doctor

#### Synonyms

* Wahrheitsverdreher
* Faktenverfälscher

#### Derived terms

* Tatsachenverdreherin
* Tatsachenverdreherei

#### Related terms

* Imageberater
* Schönredner
* Tatsachenverdrehung
* Überdrehung
* Umdrehung
* Umkehrung
* Verkehrung
* Wahrheitsverzerrung
* Wendung
* Windung
# rafinację
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (normal speech) /ra.fiˈna.t͡sjɛ/, (careful speech) /ra.fiˈna.t͡sjɛw̃/
* Rhymes: -at͡sjɛw̃
* Syllabification: ra‧fi‧na‧cję

### Noun

rafinację
* accusative singular of rafinacja
# ceald
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* cald — Anglian

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃæ͜ɑld/, [t͡ʃæ͜ɑɫd]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kald.
Cognate with Old Frisian kald, Old Saxon kald, Old Dutch kalt, Old High German kalt, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

#### Adjective

ċeald (comparative ċealdra, superlative ċealdost)
* cold
** c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 18:18
    Þā þēowas and þā þeġnas stōdon æt þām glēdum and wiermdon hīe, for þām hit wæs ċeald.The slaves and the servants were standing at the coals and warming themselves, because it was cold.

##### Antonyms

* hāt

##### Derived terms

* ċealdnes (“coldness”)

##### Descendants

* Middle English: cold, cald, chald, cheald, cheld
** English: cold
** Geordie English: cawd, cauld
** Scots: cald, cauld
** Yola: coale, khoal, cole

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą.

#### Noun

ċeald n
* cold, coldness
* that which is cold

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: cold, cald, chald
** English: cold
** Scots: cald

##### See also

* calan (“to be cold”)
* calian (“to be cold”)
* ċiele (“coldness, the cold”)
# amortización
## Spanish
### Etymology

From amortizar +‎ -ción.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /amoɾtiθaˈθjon/ [a.moɾ.t̪i.θaˈθjõn]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /amoɾtisaˈsjon/ [a.moɾ.t̪i.saˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: a‧mor‧ti‧za‧ción

### Noun

amortización f (plural amortizaciones)
* amortization (process of distributing asset cost)

#### Derived terms

* fondo de amortización

### Further reading

* “amortización”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# argamannu
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒈠𒉡 (argamannu).

### Noun

argamannu (uncountable)
* A red-purple dye.
** 2006, Stefan Zawadzki, Garments of the Gods: Studies on the Textile Industry and the Pantheon of Sippar According to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive, Volume 1:The least frequently used dye was argamannu, which was also red and probably produced a shade of blue-purple, although different from that of takiltu.
* A cloth of this color, often woolen.

#### Synonyms

* argaman

## Akkadian
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Old Babylonian) IPA: /ar.ɡaˈman.nu/

### Noun

argamannu m (Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Boghazkeui)
* red purple
** 8th century BCE, Tiglath-Pileser III, Royal inscription 35
    biltu maddattu kaspu hurāṣu annaku parzillu mašku pīru šinnu pīru takiltu argamannu lubuštu birmu kitû ibilu nāqāte eli kânuI imposed upon them tribute (and) payment of silver, gold, tin, iron, elephant hide(s), ivory, blue-purple (and) red-purple garments, multi-colored linen garments, camels, (and) she-camels.
** (later) red purple wool
* (Boghazkeui) tribute
Cuneiform spellings :
| Logograms | Phonetic |
| 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (SIG₂.ZA.GIN₃.SA₅) 𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (ZA.GIN₃.SA₅) | 𒅈𒂵𒈠𒉡 (ar-ga-ma-nu) 𒅈𒂵𒎙𒉡 (ar-ga-man-nu) |

#### Alternative forms

* argawannu

#### Descendants

* Neo-Babylonian: Neo-Assyrian: 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (argawannu)
** → Aramaic:
*** Classical Syriac: ܐܪܓܘܢܐ (ʾargəwānā, “purple”)
*** Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַרְגְּוָונָא (“purple”)
*** → Hebrew: אַרְגְּוָן (ʾargǝwɔn, “purple”)
*** → Arabic: أرجوان (ʾarjuwān, ʾurjuwān, “purple”)
**** Andalusian Arabic: أرجوان
***** → Spanish: arjorán (“Judas tree”)
**** → Middle Armenian: արճուան (arčuan)
**** → Persian: ارجوان (orjovân)
***** → Ottoman Turkish: ارجوان (ercüvân)
****** → Serbo-Croatian: adžùvān / аџу̀ва̄н (“young man, lover”)
*** → Proto-Iranian:
**** Middle Persian: ʾlgwkʾn' (argawān, “purple”)
***** Persian: ارغوان (arğavân, arğovân, “purple; Judas tree”)
****** → Georgian: არღავანი (arɣavani)
****** → Gujarati: અરગવાની (aragvānī)
****** → Urdu: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)
****** Kurdish:
******* → Northern Kurdish: erxewan (“purple; Judas tree”)
******* → Central Kurdish: ئەرخەوان (erxewan, “purple; Judas tree”)
****** → Middle Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani, “lilac”)
******* Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani)
****** → Ottoman Turkish: ارغوان (ergavân, erguvân)
******* Turkish: erguvan
******* → Albanian: jargavan
******* → Romanian: iergovan, iorgovan
******* → Serbo-Croatian: jȍrgovān / јо̏ргова̄н (“lilac”)
******** → Hungarian: orgovány
******** → Slovak: orgován (“lilac”)
**** Pashto: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)
**** Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾrγwʾn /⁠arγawān⁠/, “purple”)
* → Hebrew: אַרְגָּמָן (ʾargɔmɔn, “purple, red-purple [of garment]”)
** → English: argaman
* → Hittite: 𒅈𒄰𒈠𒀸 (arkammas, “tribute”) (probably)
* → Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎗𐎂𐎎𐎐 (ảrgmn, “purple”)

### References

* “argamannu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968
# TCS
## English
### Phrase

TCS
* (food science) Initialism of time/temperature control for safety.

### Noun

TCS
* (automotive) Initialism of traction control system: an electronic control system that prevents wheelspin to improve traction.

### Proper noun

TCS (uncountable)
* (India) Initialism of Tata Consultancy Services.

#### See also

* ESC
* ABS

### Anagrams

* STC, CST, SCT, c**ts, Cts, cts, cts., CTs, cst., Cts., CTS
# şikayət
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic شِكَايَة (šikāya).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

şikayət (definite accusative şikayəti, plural şikayətlər)
* complaint

#### Derived terms

* şikayət etmək
# навколопланетний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From навко́ло (navkólo) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ плане́та (planéta) +‎ -ний (-nyj). Compare Russian околоплане́тный (okoloplanétnyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐu̯kɔɫɔpɫɐˈnɛtnei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

навколоплане́тний • (navkoloplanétnyj)
* circumplanetary
    навколоплане́тний диск ― navkoloplanétnyj dysk ― circumplanetary disc

#### Related terms

* навколозе́мний (navkolozémnyj)
* навколомі́сячний (navkolomísjačnyj)
* навколосві́тній (navkolosvítnij)
* навколосо́нячний (navkolosónjačnyj)

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2018), “навколопланетний”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 9 (міщани́н – насту́кувати), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “навколопланетний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1974), “навколопланетний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Н – О), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 36
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “навколопланетний”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “навколопланетний”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “навколопланетний”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “навколопланетний”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# zubaca
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

zȗbācā (Cyrillic spelling зу̑ба̄ца̄)
* genitive plural of zubac
# peptídico
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pe.piˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ku/, /pepˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ku/
* (Brazil) IPA: /pe.piˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ku/, /pepˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ku/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pepˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ko/, /pe.piˈt͡ʃi.d͡ʒi.ko/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨˈpti.di.ku/ [pɨˈpti.ði.ku]
* Hyphenation: pep‧tí‧di‧co

### Adjective

peptídico (feminine peptídica, masculine plural peptídicos, feminine plural peptídicas)
* (biochemistry) peptidic

#### Related terms

* peptídeo

## Spanish
### Adjective

peptídico (feminine peptídica, masculine plural peptídicos, feminine plural peptídicas)
* peptidic

#### Related terms

* péptido

### Further reading

* “peptídico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# omdraai
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from omdraaien.

#### Noun

omdraai m (plural omdraaien, diminutive omdraaitje n)
* the act of turning around, turning over, flipping

##### Derived terms

* handomdraai

##### Related terms

* draai

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

omdraai
* first-person singular dependent-clause present indicative of omdraaien

### Anagrams

* draai om
# Tas.
## English
### Proper noun

Tas.
* (law) Abbreviation of Tasmania.

#### Usage notes

This is the customary abbreviation of this term as used in case citations. See, e.g., The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Nineteenth Edition (2010), "Geographical Terms: Australian states and Canadian provinces and territories", Table T10.2, p. 438.

#### Alternative forms

* Tas
* TAS

### Anagrams

* S.A.T., Sta., ats, ast, Sat., Sta, sta, S. A. T., AST, sat, Ast, ATs, sat., ATS, Sat, at's, TSA, SAT, T(S/A), as't, -ast, STA
# կող
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կող (koł).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /koʁ/, [koʁ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡoʁ/, [ɡoʁ]

### Noun

կող • (koġ)
* rib
* side, flank

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gol- and cognate with Tocharian A kälyme, Tocharian B kälymiye (“direction”). Alternatively, of the same origin as կողր (kołr).

### Noun

կող • (koł)
* rib
    ի կող լինել ― i koł linel ― to stretch or lay oneself down, to lie down, to go to bed
* side (of a mountain, etc.)
    ընդ կողաց ― ənd kołacʻ ― aside, awry, sidelong
    զառ ի կող, առ ի կող ― zaṙ i koł, aṙ i koł ― inclining, that bends, that goes stooping
    կողք գրեանց ― kołkʻ greancʻ ― cover or binding of a book
    անդէն ի կողի ― andēn i kołi ― directly, at once, forthwith
* (figuratively) spouse

#### Usage notes

In some compounds the word has the combining form կողին- (kołin-), which is the genitive of *կողն (*kołn), an alternative form of կող (koł).

#### Derived terms

* անկողին (ankołin)
* աջակող (aǰakoł)
* զառիկող (zaṙikoł)
* զառիկողեալ (zaṙikołeal)
* ընկողնեցուցանեմ (ənkołnecʻucʻanem)
* ընկողնիմ (ənkołnim)
* կողաբաղ (kołabał)
* կողաբոյս (kołaboys)
* կողախիթ (kołaxitʻ)
* կողածեալ (kołaceal)
* կողածին (kołacin)
* կողակայլակ (kołakaylak)
* կողակից (kołakicʻ)
* կողահերձ (kołaherj)
* կողահոս (kołahos)
* կողամայր (kołamayr)
* կողամատ (kołamat)
* կողամատն (kołamatn)
* կողամարդ (kołamard)
* կողաշէն (kołašēn)
* կողաստեղծ (kołastełc)
* կողավէր (kołavēr)
* կողացաւ (kołacʻaw)
* կողացաւութիւն (kołacʻawutʻiwn)
* կողաւոր (koławor)
* կողաքակ (kołakʻak)
* կողեալ (kołeal)
* կողեղ (kołeł)
* կողինապատիր (kołinapatir)
* կողինաւոր (kołinawor)
* կողմն (kołmn)
* կողնիմ (kołnim)
* հաստակող (hastakoł)
* հաստատակող (hastatakoł)
* հարստակող (harstakoł)
* հաւասարակող (hawasarakoł)
* միջակող (miǰakoł)
* ողորկակող (ołorkakoł)
* պատկողանոց (patkołanocʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կող (koġ), կողք (koġkʻ)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կող”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կող”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “կող”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 368
# pengakuan pemerintah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengakuan (“recognition”) +‎ pemerintah (“government”).

### Noun

pengakuan pemerintah (plural pengakuan-pengakuan pemerintah)
* (international relations, politics) recognition of government: acknowledgement a group of people as part of another state's government or recognizing a person or group as the occupants of a governmental office through actions such as official statements, parliamentary resolutions, judicial decisions, Treaty provisions, and declarations by a state organ in parliament or in a press briefing.

### Further reading

* “pengakuan pemerintah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# 설명
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 說明.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰʌ̹ɭmjʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [설명]

### Noun

설명 • (seolmyeong) (hanja 說明)
* explanation
    어디서부터 설명을 시작해야 할지 모르겠네요.Eodiseo-buteo seolmyeong-eul sijakhaeya halji moreugenneyo.I don't know where to begin the explanation.

#### Derived terms

* 설명(說明)되다 (seolmyeongdoeda)
* 설명(說明)하다 (seolmyeonghada)
# 藥材
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàocái
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˋ ㄘㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joek$^6$ coi$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yo̍k-chhài
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): io̍h-châi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàocái
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ ㄘㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàocái
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^4$-tsʻai$^2$
*** Yale: yàu-tsái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yawtsair
*** Palladius: яоцай (jaocaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joek$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Yale: yeuhk chòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joek$^9$ tsoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêg$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːk̚² t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yo̍k-chhài
*** Hakka Romanization System: iog cai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^6$ cai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚⁵ t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yo̍k-chhài
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog cai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^6$ cai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚⁵ t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍h-châi
*** Tâi-lô: io̍h-tsâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioiqzaai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /io(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /io(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /io(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sai¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /io(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai²³/

### Noun

藥材
* (traditional Chinese medicine) traditional Chinese medicinal materials (materia medica; including herbs, minerals and other materials that are not plant-based)
* (traditional Chinese medicine) herbal preparation; Chinese patent medicine

#### Synonyms

* (medicinal materials): 中藥材／中药材 (zhōngyàocái)
* (herbal preparation): 中成藥／中成药 (zhōngchéngyào)

#### Hyponyms

* Tonics (補益藥)
* Superfices-syndrome relieving medicinal materials (解表藥)
* Heat-clearing medicinal materials (清熱藥)
* Cathartics (瀉下藥)
* Interior-warming medicinal materials (溫裡藥)
* Dampness-eliminating medicinal materials (利濕藥)
* Aromatic dampness-dispersing medicinal materials (芳香化濕藥)
* Qi-activating medicinal materials (行氣藥)
* Resuscitative medicinal materials (開竅藥)
* Wind-eliminating medicinal materials (祛風藥)
* Blood-circulation activating and blood-stasis removing medicinal materials (活血祛瘀藥)
* Hemostatics (止血藥)
* Expectorants, anti-tussives, and anti-asthmatics (化痰止咳平喘藥)
* Liver-calming medicinal materials (平肝藥)
* Sedatives (安神藥)
* Astringents (固澀藥)
* Digestants (消導藥)
* Antimalarial medicinal materials (抗瘧藥)
* Anthelmintics (驅蟲藥)
* Medicinal materials for external application (外用藥)

#### Derived terms

* 中藥材 / 中药材 (zhōngyàocái)
* 藥材鋪 / 药材铺 (yàocáipù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 薬材(やくざい) (yakuzai)
* → Korean: 약재(藥材) (yakjae)
Others:
* → Zhuang: yozcaiz

#### See also

* 藥／药 (yào)
* 藥品／药品 (yàopǐn)
* 藥物／药物 (yàowù)
* 中藥／中药 (zhōngyào)