# 개

| 개 | U+AC1C, &#44060; HANGUL SYLLABLE GAE |
| Composition: | ㄱ + ㅐ |
| ← 갛 [U+AC1B] | Hangul Syllables | 객 → [U+AC1D] |
개객갞갟갠갡갢 갣갤갥갦갧갨갩 갪갫갬갭갮갯갰 갱갲갳갴갵갶갷 :
| 가 ← | → 갸 |

## Jeju
### Pronunciation

* (Morphophonemic) IPA: ⫽kæ⫽
* (Jeju City) IPA: [kæ] ~ [ke]
* Phonetic hangul: [개/게]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Korean 가히〮 (kàhí), from Old Korean 犬伊 (*KAhi).

#### Noun

개 (gae)
* dog

### Etymology 2

From Middle Korean 개〮 (káy).

#### Noun

개 (gae)
* inlet, estuary

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 家稀. From Old Korean 犬伊 (*KAhi).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí), and subsequently recorded as 개〯 (Yale: kǎy) in the 16th century, after the h had dropped.
The prefix derives from the noun. Compare English bitch.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɛ(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [개(ː)/게(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 개의 / 개에 / 개까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

#### Noun

개 • (gae) (counter 마리)
* dog
* (figuratively, derogatory) someone who behaves badly
    걔는 술 취하면 개가 돼. (colloquial)Gyae-neun sul chwiha-myeon gae-ga dwae.He becomes a total wreck when he's drunk [e.g. throwing up, rambling annoyingly, etc.]
* (figuratively) someone who does the bidding of another

##### Usage notes

* Some younger speakers prefer 강아지 (gang'aji, “puppy”) to refer to dogs of any age, to avoid the vulgar connotations of the prefix.

##### Derived terms

* 개고기 (gaegogi)
* 개구멍 (gaegumeong)
* 개돼지 (gaedwaeji)
* 개똥 (gaettong)
* 개밥 (gaebap)
* 개밥바라기 (gaebapbaragi)
* 개새끼 (gaesaekki)
* 개소리 (gaesori)
* 개싸움 (gaessaum)
* 개자식 (gaejasik)
* 개장(醬) (gaejang)
* 개집 (gaejip)
* 개코 (gaeko)
* 개털 (gaeteol)
* 갯과(科) (gaetgwa)
* 들개 (deulgae)
* 똥개 (ttonggae)
* 물개 (mulgae)
* 사냥개 (sanyanggae)
* 수캐 (sukae)
* 암캐 (amkae)

##### Related terms

* 강아지 (gang'aji)

##### See also

* 犬 (gyeon), the hanja for "dog"

#### Prefix

개— • (gae-)
* (vulgar, slang) fucking (as an intensifier)
    진짜 개좋다.Jinjja gaejota.It's fucking good.
    진짜 개쩐다!jinjja gaejjeonda!It's fucking amazing!
    개웃기네gaeutgineso fucking funny
* wild; worthless; of inferior quality

##### Usage notes

The prefix traditionally has a disparaging meaning only, but in modern slang it is used as a general vulgar intensifier regardless of the semantics involved.

##### Derived terms

* 개같다 (gaegatda)
* 개고생 (—苦生, gaegosaeng)
* 개꼴 (gaekkol)
* 개꽃 (gaekkot)
* 개꿀 (gaekkul)
* 개꿈 (gaekkum)
* 개나리 (gaenari)
* 개년 (gaenyeon)
* 개놈 (gaenom)
* 개떡 (gaetteok)
* 개망신 (—亡身, gaemangsin)
* 개밀 (gaemil)
* 개방정 (gaebangjeong)
* 개보리 (gaebori)
* 개살구 (gaesalgu)
* 개수작 (—酬酌, gaesujak)
* 개여뀌 (gaeyeokkwi)
* 개이득 (—利得, gaeideuk)
* 개죽음 (gaejugeum)
* 개지랄 (gaejiral)
* 개판 (gaepan)
* 개한민국 (gaehanmin'guk)
* 갯잔디 (gaetjandi)

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 개〮 (Yale: káy).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɛ] ~ [ke̞]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [개/게]

#### Noun

개 • (gae)
* inlet; estuary

##### Derived terms

* 개흙 (gaeheuk)
* 갯가 (gaetga)
* 갯벌 (gaetbeol)
* 갯첨서 (gaetcheomseo)

##### See also

* 浦 (po), the hanja for estuary

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 個.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɛ] ~ [ke̞]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [개/게]

#### Counter

개 • (gae) (hanja 個/箇/介)
* general counter for objects: item, piece, article

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 個 for Sino-Korean compounds of 개 (個, gae).

### Etymology 4

See the main entries.

#### Verb

개 • (gae)
* An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to clear”)
* An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to fold”)
* An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to knead”)

### Etymology 5

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

개 • (gae)
* 改: reform; fix
    (eumhun reading: 고칠 개 (gochil gae)) (MC reading: 改 (MC kojX))
* 皆: (literary) all; every; everybody
    (MC reading: 皆 (MC keaj))
* 個: a piece; a unit; an item
    (eumhun reading: 낱 개 (nat gae)) (MC reading: 個 (MC kaH))
* 開: open
    (eumhun reading: 열 개 (yeol gae)) (MC reading: 開 (MC khoj))
* 介: mediate; herald; sea shell; to wear armor
    (MC reading: 介 (MC keajH))
* 慨:
    (MC reading: 慨 (MC khojH))
* 槪: approximately
    (eumhun reading: 대개 개 (daegae gae)) (MC reading: 槪)
* 蓋: cover
    (eumhun reading: 덮을 개 (deopeul gae)) (MC reading: 蓋 (MC kajH))
* 价:
    (MC reading: 价 (MC keajH))
* 凱:
    (MC reading: 凱 (MC khojX))
* 愷: enjoy; peaceful
    (MC reading: 愷 (MC khojX))
* 漑:
    (MC reading: 漑 (MC kʌi$^H$))
* 塏: highland; high and dry (of place)
    (MC reading: 塏 (MC khojX))
* 愾:
    (MC reading: 愾 (MC khojH))
* 疥: scabies, itch
    (MC reading: 疥 (MC keajH))
* 芥:
    (MC reading: 芥 (MC keajH))
* 豈: an interjection of surprise
    (eumhun reading: 승전악 개 (seungjeonak gae)) (MC reading: 豈 (MC khj+jX))
* 鎧:
    (MC reading: 鎧 (MC khojX|khojH))
* 玠:
    (MC reading: 玠 (MC keajH))
* 剴:
    (MC reading: 剴 (MC koj))
* 匃:
    (MC reading: 匃 (MC kajH))
* 揩:
    (MC reading: 揩 (MC kheaj|kheajH))
* 槩:
    (MC reading: 槩 (MC kojH))
* 磕: bump; drumbeat
    (MC reading: 磕 (MC khajH))
* 闓:
    (MC reading: 闓 (MC khojX|khojH))
* 丐: beggar
    (eumhun reading: 빌 개 (bil gae)) (MC reading: 丐 (MC kajH))
* 箇: Alternative form of 個
* 个: Alternative form of 個
* 盖: Alternative form of 蓋

### References

* ↑ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 163–164

## Middle Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /káj/

#### Noun

개〮 (káy) (locative 개〮예〮 (káy-yéy))
* inlet; estuary

##### Descendants

* Korean: 개 (gae)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎj/

#### Noun

개〯 (kǎy) (locative 개〯예〮 (kǎy-yéy))
* Alternative form of 가히〮 (kàhí, “dog”)

##### Descendants

* Korean: 개 (gae)