# 爲

| 爲 | U+7232, &#29234; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7232 |
| ← 爱 [U+7231] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爳 → [U+7233] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 為 |
| Simplified | 为 |
| Japanese | 為 |
| Korean | 爲 |

### Han character

爲 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓火 (BHNF), four-corner 2022$_7$ or 2032$_7$, composition ⿱爫⿵⿰丿⿳㇇㇇𠃌灬)

#### Derived characters

* 僞 噅 嬀 撝 㬙 潙 㺔 䃣 蟡 譌 䞈 䧦 鄬 䦱 寪 䈧 蔿 噕 爳
* 𡐮 𭗛 𪩼 𢕷 𢠿 𪳵 𤎶 𤛨 𤾡 𥊪 𥢬 𦅂 𦠽 𬡮 𧲄 𧴑 𨅌 𨬞 𩍇 𩑁 𩻟 𫬑 𧹋 𧽶 𨖿 𩴞 𣄺 𫿒 𤏜 𫛔 𬋱 𢊯 𤺉 𫕯 𢅌 𢡺 𦢳 𢁍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 689, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19686
* Dae Jaweon: page 1102, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2033, character 21
* Unihan data for U+7232

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 譌 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 嬀 | *kʷral |
| 潙 | *kʷral, *ɢʷal |
| 蟡 | *kʷralʔ, *qʷral |
| 僞 | *ŋʷrals |
| 噅 | *qʰʷral |
| 撝 | *qʰʷral |
| 爲 | *ɢʷal, *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals |
| 鄬 | *ɢʷal, *ɢʷalʔ |
| 蔿 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 儰 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 寪 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 蘤 | *ɢʷalʔ |
Originally an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”). See 為 for the full etymology and historical forms.

### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 爲 – see 為 (“to do; to make; to administer; to govern; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 為).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 為 |
| Kyūjitai | 爲 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 為)
* do, perform, carry out, sake

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)
* Kan-on: い (i)
* Kun: ため (tame, 爲)、する (suru, 爲る)、なす (nasu, 爲す)、なる (naru, 爲る)

#### Usage notes

Rarely used except for historical surnames such as 爲ケ谷 (ためがや), nowadays written 為谷.

## Korean
### Hanja

爲 (eumhun 할 위 (hal wi))
* hanja form of 위 (“to do; act”)

#### Compounds

* 人爲, 인위 (inwi)
* 伐齊爲名, 벌제위명 (beoljewimyeong)
* 作爲, 작위 (jagwi)
* 刻燭爲詩, 각촉위시 (gakchogwisi)
* 削髮爲僧, 삭발위승 (sakbarwiseung)
* 無所不爲, 무소불위 (musoburwi)
* 無爲徒食, 무위도식 (muwidosik)
* 爲主, 위주 (wiju)
* 爲國, 위국 (wiguk)
* 爲始, 위시 (wisi)
* 爲政者, 위정자 (wijeongja)
* 爲親契, 위친계 (wichin'gye)
* 當爲, 당위 (dang'wi)
* 行爲, 행위 (haeng'wi)
* 轉禍爲福, 전화위복 (jeonhwawibok)
* 이민위천 (以民爲天, iminwicheon)

## Middle Korean
### Verb

爲 (ho-)
* idu form of ᄒᆞ (“to do”, also a light verb deriving verbs and adjectives)

## Old Korean
### Verb

爲 (*HO(Y)-)
* to do
    Synonym: 爲只 (*SIk-)
* a light verb attached to various non-verbs to derive verbs and adjectives.
* (after a locative particle) to be at
    Synonyms: 有叱 (*Is-), 在 (*KYE-)
** c. 1200, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 14, pages 8:20—9:01:一切衆生[於]生死中*IL.CHYEY CWUNG.SOYNG-un CWUKSALI-s TYUNG-akuy HOY-aAs all the sentient beings are in the midst of life and death(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed characters were ignored when read.)
** c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra, page 11:22:[於]我前NA-uy ALPH-akuy HOY-aAs it is in front of me(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed characters were ignored when read.)

#### Reconstruction notes

Various inflected or derived verbal forms which were written phonetically, e.g. 乎 or 兮, testify beyond doubt that this word had initial */h-/ and is the ancestor of Middle Korean ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hò-tá). It is usually transcribed as *HO- after the Middle Korean reflex, but the Middle Korean irregular infinitive ᄒᆞ〮야〮 (Yale: hóy-á) implies that the earlier form was actually *hoy- (Vovin 2010, p.27). Whether the attested Old Korean forms transcribed older *hoy- or later *ho- is unclear due to the phonological opaqueness of the orthography.

#### Descendants

* Middle Korean: ᄒᆞ다〮 (hò-tá, “to do; light verb”)
** Jeju: ᄒᆞ다 (hawda, “to do; light verb”)
** Korean: 하다 (hada, “to do; light verb”)

### References

* 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549

## Vietnamese
### Han character

爲: Hán Việt readings: vị, vì
爲: Nôm readings: vay, ví, vĩ, voi, vơ, vờ, vi

### Etymology 1
#### Preposition

爲 • (vị)
* chữ Hán form of vị (“(rare, literary) for the sake of”).

### Etymology 2
#### Conjunction

爲 • (vì)
* Nôm form of vì (“because (by or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that)”).
** 18th century, Đặng Trần Côn (鄧陳琨) (circa 1705–1745) (original Chinese), translated by Đoàn Thị Điểm (段氏點) (1705–1746/1748) (traditionally claimed), might actually be translated by Phan Huy Ích (潘輝益) (1751–1822), Chinh phụ ngâm khúc (征婦吟曲) [The Song of a Soldier's Wife], line 4:爲(Vì)埃(ai)𨢟(gây)孕(dựng)朱(cho)𢧚(nên)餒(nỗi)尼(này)For whom was it made to be this way

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

爲 • (vay)
* Nôm form of vay (“to borrow”).

### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).