# دره
## Khalaj
### Noun

دَره (dara or dərə) (definite accusative دَره‌نی or دَره‌نؽ, plural دَره‌لَر or دَره‌لار)
* Arabic spelling of dara, dərə (“valley, canyon”)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian دره (darre, “valley; crack, fissure”).

#### Noun

دره • (dere)
* valley, dale, vale, an elongated depression cast between hills or mountains
    Synonym: وادی (vadi)
* rivulet, brook, a body of water smaller than a river usually dry in the summer
    Synonyms: جدول (cedvel), چای (çay)
* ravine, gorge, canyon, gully, a deep, narrow passage with steep, rocky sides
    Synonyms: بوغاز (boğaz), حلق (halk)

##### Derived terms

* بورغاج دره (burgac dere, “sinuous valley”)
* دره اوتی (dere otu, “dill”)
* دره بكی (dere beğı, “sort of lord”)
* دره تپه (dere tepe, “steep and difficult”)
* طام دره‌سی (dam deresi, “hollow between two slopes of a roof”)
* یابان دره اوتی (yaban dere otu, “wild dill”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: dere
* → Armenian: տէրէ (tērē), դա̈րա̈ (därä)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dere”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1169
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دره”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 223a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 570
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Vallis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1715
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2067
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dere”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دره”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 898

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic دُرَّة (durra, “single pearl”).

#### Noun

دره • (dürre) (plural درر (dürer) or درات (dürrât))
* pearl-grain, a single bead made of pearl
    Synonym: اینجو دانه‌سی (inci tanesi)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: dürre

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dürre”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1330
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “dürre”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 230
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دره”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 571
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2067
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دره”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 899

## Pashto
### Noun

دره • (dará) f
* valley
* gorge, ravine, mountain pass, canyon

### References

* “دره”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
* Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “دره”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

## Persian
### Etymology

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, split”) or *dʰel(h₂)- ("valley"), the existence of which is uncertain, see Proto-Germanic *dalą for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬥𐬁 (darenā) and Sogdian 𐫔‎𐫡 (δar-).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [da.ˈɾa], [daɾ.ˈɾa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾǽ], [d̪är.rǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾǽ], [d̪är.rǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾǽ], [d̪är.rǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾǽ], [d̪är.rǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æ.ɹé], [d̪æɹ.ɹé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾǽ], [d̪äɾ.ɾǽ]

### Noun

| Dari | دره |
| Iranian Persian | دره |
| Tajik | дара |
دره • (dare, darre)
* valley
    Synonym: وادی (vâdi)
* crack
* fissure

#### Descendants

* → Gujarati: દરા (darā)
* → Khalaj: dara
* → Ottoman Turkish: دره (dere)
** Turkish: dere
* → Azerbaijani: dərə

### References

* Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 344