# 延

| 延 | U+5EF6, &#24310; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EF6 |
| ← 廵 [U+5EF5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 廷 → [U+5EF7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

延 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+5 in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 廴+4 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 7 strokes in Korean, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓大竹卜一 (NKHYM) or 弓大竹卜女 (NKHYV), four-corner 1240$_1$, composition ⿺廴⿳丿⺊𠃊(GK) or ⿺廴⿱丿止(HTJ) or ⿺廴⿳一⺊𠃊(V) or ⿺廴⿱⿰丅一𠃊(V)) (Note: The Simplified Chinese version of the component 𠂛 is referred to as 延字心 (yánzìxīn) in Mandarin.)

#### Derived characters

* 𠈰, 唌, 埏, 娫, 𢚀, 挻, 涎, 狿, 𮥋, 𣆴, 梴, 烻, 𤥻, 脠, 䀽, 硟, 𮁺, 䘰, 綖(𫄧), 𦕣, 𦧝, 蜒, 誕(诞), 𨁆, 𦋪, 鋋, 䩥, 駳, 鯅, 𱈁
* 郔, 𰜂, 㝚, 莚, 𭦋, 𮃾, 筵, 𩃀, 𫷳, 𣇇, 蜑, 䗺

#### Descendants

* 𛄡 (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 352, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9569
* Dae Jaweon: page 666, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5EF6

## Chinese

* 延

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唌 | *l'aːn |
| 誕 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蜑 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蛋 | *l'aːns |
| 硟 | *slan, *l̥ʰjans |
| 涎 | *ljan, *lans |
| 脠 | *l̥ʰan, *hljan |
| 梴 | *l̥ʰan |
| 鋋 | *ɦljan, *lan |
| 埏 | *hljan, *lan |
| 挻 | *hljan |
| 鯅 | *hljan |
| 延 | *lan, *lans |
| 筵 | *lan |
| 蜒 | *lan |
| 狿 | *lan, *lans |
| 郔 | *lan |
| 綖 | *lan |
| 莚 | *lan, *lans |
Originally 㢟, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 彳 (“walking”) + 止 (“foot”) – "to travel far". The stroke at the top started being added as a distinguishing mark at the end of the Warring States period, as a way to distinguish its usage from 㢟 as an adverb to mean "prolonged", making it an Ideogram (指事) .
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lan, *lans) : phonetic 丿 (OC *pʰleːd, *leds) + semantic 㢟.
* ↑ 季旭昇，2004《說文新證》，台北：藝文印書館印行，2014年9月第二版。p.137-138
* ↑ 李學勤) (2012) 《字源》, Tianjin: 天津古籍出版社。p.142-143
* ↑ 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) - 字頭 「延」

### Etymology

Within Chinese, cognate with 筵 (OC *lan, “bamboo mat”), 梴 (OC *l̥ʰan, “long (of wood)”) and 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “wide; ludicrous”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese လှန်း (hlan:, “to dry (things) in the sun”). Probably unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *jaːr (“spread; extend; sail”), whence Tibetan གཡོར་མོ (g.yor mo, “sail”), Mizo zâr (“to spread; to spread out”), Jingpho yàn (“spread; unrolled”).
Pan (1987) suggests Vietnamese lan (“to spread”) is borrowed from Old Chinese 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iân / chhiân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iang$^6$ / iêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiân
*** Tâi-lô: tshiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²⁴/
* chhiân - vernacular;
* iân - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yen, yenH
Rime :
| Character | 延 | 延 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以然切 | 于線切 |
| Baxter | yen | yenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇn/ | /jiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛn/ | /jiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæn/ | /jæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jian/ | /jian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛn/ | /iɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛn/ | /jĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛn/ | /i̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ | jin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*la[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lan/, /*lans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 延 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yen › |
| Old Chinese | /*la[n]/ |
| English | extend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 延 | 延 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14256 | 14267 |
| Phonetic component | 延 | 延 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 延 | |
| Old Chinese | /*lan/ | /*lans/ |

### Definitions

延
* to prolong
* to stretch; to extend
* to engage; to send for
* to delay; to postpone; to defer
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不周延 (bùzhōuyán)
* 俄延 (éyán)
* 半霎俄延
* 卻病延年 / 却病延年
* 周延 (zhōuyán)
* 外延 (wàiyán)
* 太延
* 夷延
* 宅延 (Zháiyán)
* 宛延 (wǎnyán)
* 居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)
* 展延
* 延企
* 延伸 (yánshēn)
* 延佇
* 延命菊 (yánmìngjú)
* 延地裡 / 延地里
* 延壽 / 延寿
* 延壽添嗣 / 延寿添嗣
* 延字心 (yánzìxīn)
* 延宕 (yándàng)
* 延展性 (yánzhǎnxìng)
* 延屬 / 延属
* 延師 / 延师
* 延平 (Yánpíng)
* 延平郡王 (Yánpíng Jùnwáng)
* 延年 (yánnián)
* 延年益壽 / 延年益寿 (yánniányìshòu)
* 延後 / 延后 (yánhòu)
* 延性 (yánxìng)
* 延挨
* 延接
* 延擱 / 延搁 (yángē)
* 延攬 / 延揽 (yánlǎn)
* 延敵 / 延敌
* 延會 / 延会
* 延期 (yánqī)
* 延款
* 延津 (Yánjīn)
* 延滯 / 延滞
* 延燒 / 延烧 (yánshāo)
* 延眺
* 延納 / 延纳
* 延緩 / 延缓 (yánhuǎn)
* 延線 / 延线
* 延續 / 延续 (yánxù)
* 延聘 (yánpìn)
* 延腦 / 延脑 (yánnǎo)
* 延蔓
* 延袤
* 延誤 / 延误 (yánwù)
* 延請 / 延请 (yánqǐng)
* 延譽 / 延誉
* 延賓 / 延宾
* 延退
* 延遲 / 延迟 (yánchí)
* 延邊 / 延边 (Yánbiān, “Yanbian”)
* 延醫 / 延医 (yányī)
* 延釐
* 延長 / 延长 (yáncháng)
* 延長線 / 延长线 (yánchángxiàn)
* 延長記號 / 延长记号
* 延長賽 / 延长赛
* 延閣 / 延阁
* 延陵
* 延陵掛劍 / 延陵挂剑
* 延頸 / 延颈
* 延頸企踵 / 延颈企踵
* 延頸待刃 / 延颈待刃
* 延頸舉踵 / 延颈举踵
* 延首
* 延髓 (yánsuǐ)
* 延齡客 / 延龄客
* 慢俄延
* 拖延 (tuōyán)
* 挨延
* 推延 (tuīyán)
* 曼延 (mànyán)
* 松鶴延年 / 松鹤延年
* 益壽延年 / 益寿延年 (yìshòuyánnián)
* 祝壽延年 / 祝寿延年
* 稽延 (jīyán)
* 結交延譽 / 结交延誉
* 綿延 / 绵延 (miányán)
* 綿延不絕 / 绵延不绝 (miányánbùjué)
* 綿延起伏 / 绵延起伏
* 罵毛延壽 / 骂毛延寿
* 美意延年
* 耽延 (dānyán)
* 苟延殘喘 / 苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)
* 苟延殘息 / 苟延残息
* 蔓延 (mànyán)
* 薛延陀 (Xuēyántuó)
* 連延 / 连延
* 遷延 / 迁延 (qiānyán)
* 遲延 / 迟延 (chíyán)
* 順延 / 顺延 (shùnyán)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 延 |
| Kyūjitai | 延󠄂 延+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 延󠄅 延+&#xE0105; (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kun: のびる (nobiru, 延びる, Jōyō)、のべる (noberu, 延べる, Jōyō)、のばす (nobasu, 延ばす, Jōyō)
* Nanori: すけ (suke)、すすむ (susumu)、ただし (tadashi)、とお (tō)、なが (naga)、のぶ (nobu)、のぶる (noburu)

#### Compounds

* 延(えん)引(いん) (en'in)
* 延(えん)飲(いん) (en'in)
* 延(えん)延(えん) (en'en)
* 延(えん)縁(えん) (en'en)
* 延(えん)応(おう) (En'ō)
* 延(えん)音(おん) (en'on)
* 延(えん)会(かい) (enkai)
* 延(えん)款(かん) (enkan)
* 延(えん)期(き) (enki)
* 延(えん)企(き) (enki)
* 延(えん)喜(ぎ) (Engi)
* 延(えん)久(きゅう) (Enkyū)
* 延(えん)及(きゅう) (enkyū)
* 延(えん)享(きょう) (Enkyō)
* 延(えん)仰(ぎょう) (engyō)
* 延(えん)慶(ぎょう) (Engyō)
* 延(えん)頸(けい) (enkei)
* 延(えん)慶(けい) (Enkei)
* 延(えん)迎(げい) (engei)
* 延(えん)結(けつ) (enketsu)
* 延(えん)見(けん) (enken)
* 延(えん)元(げん) (Engen)
* 延(えん)言(げん) (engen)
* 延(えん)顧(こ) (enko)
* 延(えん)亘(こう) (enkō)
* 延(えん)視(し) (enshi)
* 延(えん)首(しゅ) (enshu)
* 延(えん)寿(じゅ) (enju)
* 延(えん)焼(しょう) (enshō)
* 延(えん)伸(しん) (enshin)
* 延(えん)髄(ずい) (enzui)
* 延(えん)世(せい) (ensei)
* 延(えん)声(せい) (ensei)
* 延(えん)接(せつ) (ensetsu)
* 延(えん)性(せい) (ensei)
* 延(えん)薦(せん) (ensen)
* 延(えん)属(ぞく) (enzoku)
* 延(えん)滞(たい) (entai)
* 延(えん)着(ちゃく) (enchaku)
* 延(えん)佇(ちょ), 延(えん)竚(ちょ) (encho)
* 延(えん)眺(ちょう) (enchō)
* 延(えん)長(ちょう) (enchō)
* 延(えん)長(ちょう) (Enchō)
* 延(えん)長(ちょう)線(せん) (enchōsen)
* 延(えん)道(どう) (endō)
* 延(えん)徳(とく) (Entoku)
* 延(えん)入(にゅう) (ennyū)
* 延(えん)繞(にょう) (ennyō)
* 延(えん)引(にん) (ennin)
* 延(えん)任(にん) (ennin)
* 延(えん)年(ねん) (ennen)
* 延(えん)納(のう) (ennō)
* 延(えん)泊(ぱく) (enpaku)
* 延(えん)発(ぱつ) (enpatsu)
* 延(えん)文(ぶん) (Enbun)
* 延(えん)辺(ぺん) (enpen)
* 延(えん)慕(ぼ) (enbo)
* 延(えん)袤(ぼう) (enbō)
* 延(えん)望(ぼう) (enbō)
* 延(えん)宝(ぽう) (Enpō)
* 延(えん)蔓(まん), 延(えん)曼(まん) (enman)
* 延(えん)命(めい) (enmei)
* 延(えん)命(めい)菊(ぎく) (enmeigiku)
* 延(えん)綿(めん) (enmen)
* 延(えん)誉(よ) (en'yo)
* 延(えん)攬(らん) (enran)
* 延(えん)暦(りゃく) (Enryaku)
* 延(えん)留(りゅう) (enryū)
* 延(えん)齢(れい) (enrei)
* 延(えん)路(ろ) (enro)
* 圧(あつ)延(えん) (atsuen)
* 夷(い)延(えん) (ien)
* 永(えい)延(えん) (Eien)
* 宛(えん)延(えん), 婉(えん)延(えん) (en'en) (蜿(えん)蜒(えん))
* 淹(えん)延(えん) (en'en)
* 遐(か)延(えん) (kaen)
* 外(がい)延(えん) (gaien)
* 久(きゅう)延(えん) (kyūen)
* 迎(げい)延(えん) (geien)
* 広(こう)延(えん) (kōen)
* 周(しゅう)延(えん) (shūen)
* 順(じゅん)延(えん) (jun'en)
* 招(しょう)延(えん) (shōen)
* 親(しん)延(えん) (shin'en)
* 接(せつ)延(えん) (setsuen)
* 薛(せつ)延(えん)陀(だ) (setsuenda)
* 遷(せん)延(えん) (sen'en)
* 薦(せん)延(えん) (sen'en)
* 遅(ち)延(えん) (chien)
* 佇(ちょ)延(えん) (choen)
* 登(とう)延(えん) (tōen)
* 賓(ひん)延(えん) (hin'en)
* 曼(まん)延(えん) (man'en) (曼(まん)衍(えん))
* 蔓(まん)延(えん) (man'en) (蔓(まん)衍(えん))
* 綿(めん)延(えん) (men'en)
* 踰(ゆ)延(えん) (yuen)
* 連(れん)延(えん) (ren'en)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 延
* えん Grade: 6
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 延 (MC yen).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

### Affix

延(えん) • (en)
* extend, lengthen
* prolong
* postpone

### References

* ↑ “延”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “延”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 798 (paper), page 449 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 506 (paper), page 266 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

延 (eumhun 늘일 연 (neuril yeon))
* hanja form of 연 (“to stretch; to extend; to lengthen”)

#### Compounds

* 연명 (延命, yeonmyeong)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

延: Hán Nôm readings: diên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.