# 忙

| 忙 | U+5FD9, &#24537; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FD9 |
| ← 忘 [U+5FD8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忚 → [U+5FDA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忙 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心卜女 (PYV), four-corner 9001$_0$, composition ⿰忄亡)

#### Derived characters

* 𦮝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10334
* Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2272, character 16
* Unihan data for U+5FD9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːŋ) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). Doublet of 忘 (OC *maŋ, *maŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): máng (mang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мон (mon, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bâng / bông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$maon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$
*** Yale: máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мон (mon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$
*** Yale: mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mông
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mòng
*** Sinological IPA : /mouŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng / bông
*** Tâi-lô: bâng / bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baang, boong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³/, /bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³/, /bɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$maon
*** MiniDict: maon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$maan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: man$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /man¹³/
* Middle Chinese: mang
Rime :
| Character | 忙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫郎切 |
| Baxter | mang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | máng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | máng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mang › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁaŋ/ |
| English | flurried |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12639 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茫 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːŋ/ |
| Notes | 同恾方言作茫 |

### Definitions

忙
* busy; bustling
    你最近忙嗎？／你最近忙吗？ ― Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? ― Have you been busy lately?
* to be busy (with something)
       Wǒ zuìjìn máng zhe kǎoshì. [Pinyin]
       I've been busy with exams as of late.
* hurried; rushed; flustered
* to hurry; to rush
* favor (when used as a component of the separable verb 幫忙)
       Nǐ néng bù néng bāng wǒ yī ge máng? [Pinyin]
       Can you do me a favor?
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (busy):
* 冗忙 (rǒngmáng) (literary)
* 刺促 (literary)
* 忙忙 (mángmáng) (literary)
* 忙碌 (mánglù)
* 煩忙 / 烦忙 (fánmáng) (literary)
* 繁忙 (fánmáng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 忙, 忙碌 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 忙 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 忙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 忙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 忙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 忙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 忙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 忙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 忙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔得閒, 忙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔得閒, 忙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 忙, 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 忙, 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 忙, 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 忙, 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 唔得閒 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 無得閒 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔得閒, 忙 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 忙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 忙, 無閒, 唔閒 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 唔得閒 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 唔得閒 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 唔得閒 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 唔得閒 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 唔閒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無閒 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 無閒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 無閒 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 無閒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 無閒 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 無閒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 忙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 忙 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 無工, 忙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 無閒, 忙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 無時閒 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 無閒 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 唔閒 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 唔閒 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 唔得閒 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 忙 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 忙 |
| Wu | Danyang | 忙 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 忙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 忙 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 忙 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 忙 |
* (to be busy with something): 忙碌 (mánglù)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “busy”): 閒／闲 (xián)

### Compounds

* 不忙不暴
* 不慌不忙
* 不用忙
* 不荒不忙
* 不著忙
* 不要忙
* 促忙 (cùmáng)
* 促忙促急
* 倉忙 / 仓忙 (cāngmáng)
* 公忙
* 冗忙 (rǒngmáng)
* 匆匆忙忙 (cōngcōngmángmáng)
* 匆忙 (cōngmáng)
* 大力幫忙 / 大力帮忙
* 大忙人 (dàmángrén)
* 奔忙 (bēnmáng)
* 幫倒忙 / 帮倒忙 (bāng dào máng)
* 幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
* 心忙意急
* 忙上加忙
* 忙不擇價 / 忙不择价
* 忙不迭地
* 忙不迭的
* 忙不過來 / 忙不过来
* 忙中有錯 / 忙中有错
* 忙亂 / 忙乱 (mángluàn)
* 忙了手腳 / 忙了手脚
* 忙作一團 / 忙作一团
* 忙併 / 忙并
* 忙劫
* 忙劫劫
* 忙哈哈
* 忙工
* 忙忙 (mángmáng)
* 忙忙劫劫
* 忙忙叨叨
* 忙忙急急
* 忙忙碌碌
* 忙惚兒 / 忙惚儿
* 忙手忙腳 / 忙手忙脚
* 忙投急趁
* 忙月 (mángyuè)
* 忙活
* 忙熱 / 忙热
* 忙碌 (mánglù)
* 忙裡偷閒 / 忙里偷闲 (mánglǐtōuxián)
* 忙迫
* 忙逼
* 急忙 (jímáng)
* 急急忙忙
* 意急心忙
* 慌忙 (huāngmáng)
* 慌忙無措 / 慌忙无措 (huāngmáng wúcuò)
* 慌慌忙忙
* 慌手忙腳 / 慌手忙脚
* 手忙腳亂 / 手忙脚乱 (shǒumángjiǎoluàn)
* 手慌腳忙 / 手慌脚忙
* 擺忙 / 摆忙
* 春忙
* 會家不忙 / 会家不忙
* 添忙
* 無事忙 / 无事忙
* 煩忙 / 烦忙 (fánmáng)
* 疾忙 (jímáng)
* 白忙
* 百忙中
* 百般忙亂 / 百般忙乱
* 瞎忙 (xiāmáng)
* 窮忙 / 穷忙 (qióngmáng)
* 繁忙 (fánmáng)
* 胡擄忙亂 / 胡掳忙乱
* 腳忙手亂 / 脚忙手乱
* 荒忙
* 著忙
* 趕忙 / 赶忙 (gǎnmáng)
* 農忙 / 农忙 (nóngmáng)
* 連忙 / 连忙 (liánmáng)
* 鬧忙 / 闹忙

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “忙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* busy

#### Readings

* Go-on: もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: いそがしい (isogashii, 忙しい, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 多忙(たぼう) (tabō)
* 忙殺(ぼうさつ) (bōsatsu)
* 忙中閑(ぼうちゅうかん) (bōchūkan)

## Korean
### Hanja

忙 (eumhun 바쁠 망 (bappeul mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“busy”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忙: Hán Nôm readings: mang
* chữ Hán form of mang (“busy”).