# 交趾
## Chinese

* 交趾

### Etymology

Traditionally said to have been a placename from the time of the sage-king Yao. In fact, an early form of the name Giao Chỉ seems to have been used by the native states for the area around the Red River delta prior to the Chinese conquest.
The Book of Rites noted that the southern barbarians (Man) had crossed toes (交趾).
    南方曰蠻，雕題交趾，有不火食者矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]南方曰蛮，雕题交趾，有不火食者矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCENánfāng yuē mán, diāotí jiāozhǐ, yǒu bù huǒshí zhě yǐ. [Pinyin]Those on the south were called Man. They tattooed their foreheads, and had their feet turned in towards each other. Some of them (also) ate their food without its being cooked.
Ferlus (2009) hypothesizes that the first syllable, 交 (OC *kreːw), originated from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general term for ethnic groups in southwestern China”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jiāozhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^1$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāozhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jiaojhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: Chiao$^1$-chih$^3$
*** Yale: Jyāu-jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiaujyy
*** Palladius: Цзяочжи (Czjaočži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: gāau jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$膠子 / 胶子 膠紙 / 胶纸
* Middle Chinese: kaew tsyiX
Rime :
| Character | 交 | 趾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古肴切 | 諸市切 |
| Baxter | kaew | tsyiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau/ | /t͡ɕɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau/ | /t͡ɕɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau/ | /t͡ɕie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw/ | /cɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kau/ | /t͡ɕiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kau/ | /t͡ɕĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kau/ | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāo | zhǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw təʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw kjɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 交 | 趾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāo | zhǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæw › | ‹ tsyi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁraw/ | /*təʔ/ |
| English | cross (v.) | foot, heel, toe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 交 | 趾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6296 | 17298 |
| Phonetic component | 交 | 止 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 交 | 止 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreːw/ | /*kjɯʔ/ |
| Notes | | 趾轉註字 |

### Proper noun

交趾
* (～郡) (historical) Jiaozhi (the ancient Chinese commandery in northern Vietnam first established under the Han dynasty)
* (historical) Jiaozhi (a generic term for the lands south of the Five Ridges (Dayu, Qitian, Dupang, Mengzhu, and Yuecheng) in Liangguang, essentially comprising North Vietnam)
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
    Chén wén xīzhě Yáo yǒu tiānxià, fàn yú tǔguǐ, yǐn yú tǔxíng, qí dì nán zhì Jiāozhǐ, běi zhì Yōudōu, dōngxī zhì rìyuè zhī suǒ chūrù zhě, mò bù bīnfú. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* 交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochin China”)
* 交趾陶

#### See also

* 交州 (Jiāozhōu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 交 | 趾 |
| こう Grade: 2 | ち Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
Kanji in this term :
| 交 | 趾 |
| こう Grade: 2 | し Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

From Chinese 交趾 (Jiāozhǐ).
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “The 交(こ)趾(うち) (kōchi) pronunciation is probably influenced by Vietnamese Giao Chỉ or Min Nan 交趾 (kau-chí).”

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ːt͡ɕi]
* IPA: [ko̞ːɕi]

### Proper noun

交(こう)趾(ち) or 交(こう)趾(し) • (Kōchi or Kōshi)
* (historical) Jiaozhi (a region ruled by various Chinese dynasties, corresponding to present-day northern Vietnam)

#### Derived terms

* 交(こう)趾(ち)支(し)那(な) (Kōchishina, “Cochin China”)
* 交(こう)趾(ち)焼(やき) (Kōchiyaki, “Cochin ware”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 交 | 趾 |

### Proper noun

交趾
* chữ Hán form of Giao Chỉ.