# կորնգան
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian կորնգան (korngan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /koɾənˈɡɑn/, [koɾəŋɡɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡoɾənˈkɑn/, [ɡoɾəŋkʰɑ́n]

### Noun

կորնգան • (korngan)
* sainfoin, Onobrychis gen. et. spp.

#### Alternative forms

* կօրընգան (kōrəngan) — Alashkert, Yerevan, Mush
* կորընգ$^յ$ա̈ն (korəng$^y$än) — Van
* կօրընգՙա̈ն (kōrəngʻän) — Moks, Vozm
* գուռընգ$^յ$ա̈ն (guṙəng$^y$än) — Vozm
* կըռընգուն (kəṙəngun) — Agulis
* կորընգալ (korəngal) — New Julfa
* ղօռընգ$^յ$ա (ġōṙəng$^y$a) — Salmas
* կօրընգա (kōrənga) — Erzurum, Akhaltsikhe

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qorunqa
* → Georgian: ყორანგალი (q̇orangali), ყორანღალი (q̇oranɣali), ოლანგარი (olangari) — Meskheti
* → Northern Kurdish: qurînge, qorîngan, goringan, koringe, qorînge, qerîngan, kurîngan
* → Turkish: korunga, gorunga, goringe, görünge, görüngel, koringön, koringa, korungal, korangal, koringön, körigen (dialectal)
* → Zazaki: korinkan

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կորնգան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 652ab
* Асатрян, Г. (1987) “Язык заза и армянский (Предварительные заметки) [Zaza and Armenian (Preliminary Notes)]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Russian), number 1, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 164
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “կորնգան”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 625, page 82a
* Kasımoğlu, Ahmet, Dirihî, Ehmedê (2013) Kadri Yıldırım, editor, Ferhenga Navên Nebatan a Kurdî [Dictionary of Kurdish Plant Names]‎, Istanbul: Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi, →ISBN, page 1129

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing. Compare dialectal Persian هرنگل, کرنگال, گرنگال (gorengâl), گل انگار (gol-engâr), گرنگار (gorengâr) (Markazi, Qom, and Lorestan provinces), dialectal Azerbaijani قورنجا (West Azerbaijan), all meaning "common sainfoin, Onobrychis sativa", the components of which are probably corresponding to گوران (gôrân), the plural of گور (gôr, “wild ass, onager”), and گال (gâl, “foxtail millet”). Typologically compare Turkish eşek otu (“sainfoin”, literally “donkey grass”), as well as Ancient Greek ὀνοβρυχίς (onobrukhís), composed as ὄνος (ónos, “ass, donkey”) +‎ βρύχω (brúkhō, “to devour”), because sainfoin is keenly eaten by donkeys. Note also the derivative իշկորնկան (iškornkan, literally “donkey-sainfoin”).

### Noun

կորնգան • (korngan)
* sainfoin, Onobrychis gen. et. spp.
** 10th century, Grigor Narekacʻi, Tałkʻ [Odes] :Եթէ հարիւր բարդ խոլըրձան, վեց կորընկան, մին մանուշակ խրձադիզեալ […] Եւ այն վեց բարդ կորընկանն՝ վեցօրեայ գործքն ա՟յEtʻē hariwr bard xolərjan, vecʻ korənkan, min manušak xrjadizeal […] Ew ayn vecʻ bard korənkann, vecʻōreay gorckʻn a.y
** 12–13th century, Mxitʻar Goš, Aṙakkʻ [Fables] 33:Գնդածաղիկք եւ կորնգան եւ խոլորձ, առուոյտ կապոյտ եւ սէզ, եւ նմանք սոցին, ծաղր եդեալ զցինկ՝ ասէին, եթէ զի՞ է՝ զի մեք զուարճացեալք կամք, եւ նա ծիւրեալ դեղնութեամբ։Gndacaġikkʻ ew korngan ew xolorj, aṙuoyt kapoyt ew sēz, ew nmankʻ socʻin, caġr edeal zcʻink, asēin, etʻē zi$^?$ ē, zi mekʻ zuarčacʻealkʻ kamkʻ, ew na ciwreal deġnutʻeamb.Translation by Robert BedrosianThe southern wood, the origan, the orchid, the blue lucerne, the bent grass and others were ridiculing the meadow-rue, saying: “Why is it that we are so full of joy and you just lie about with a yellow hue?”

#### Usage notes

Others incorrectly identify with Melilotus officinalis or the origan, the latter due to the accidental similarity of the words.

#### Alternative forms

* կորնկան (kornkan)

#### Derived terms

* իշկորնկան (iškornkan)
* Կորնկան (Kornkan)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կորնգան (korngan)
** → Azerbaijani: qorunqa
** → Georgian: ყორანგალი (q̇orangali), ყორანღალი (q̇oranɣali), ოლანგარი (olangari) — Meskheti
** → Northern Kurdish: qurînge, qorîngan, goringan, koringe, qorînge, qerîngan, kurîngan
** → Turkish: korunga, gorunga, goringe, görünge, görüngel, koringön, koringa, korungal, korangal, koringön, körigen (dialectal)
** → Zazaki: korinkan

### References

* 1 2 https://www.virascience.com/thesis/518400/
* ↑ Parsa, Ahmad (1960) “Medicinal plants and drugs of plant origin in Iran. IV”, in Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles, volume 7, →DOI, page 85
* ↑ Artʻinean, Yovhannēs (1906) Tunkerə ew anoncʻ hayerēn anunnerə [Des plantes et de leurs noms arméniens] (in Armenian), Paris: D. Dogramadjian, page 8
* ↑ Grigor Narekacʻi (1840) Srboy hōrn meroy Grigori Narekay Vanicʻ vanakani matenagrutʻiwnkʻ (Matenagrutʻiwnkʻ naxneacʻ) (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 473, 474
* ↑ Mxitʻar Goš (1951) Ēm. Pivazyan, editor, Aṙakner [Fables] (Grakan hušarjanner; 1)‎, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 67
* ↑ Bedrosian, Robert (1987) Elise Antreassian, editor, The Fables of Mkhitar Gosh‎, New York: Ashod Press, § 30
* ↑ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1882–1884) “mélilot”, in Baṙagirkʻ i gałłierēn lezuē i hayerēn [Dictionnaire français-arménien], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian Press, page 796b
* ↑ Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կորնգան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 357b

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կորնգան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 652ab
* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1944) “Կորնկան”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 24) (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 677
* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “կորնգան”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 1511, page 334
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “կորնգան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1120b, comparing with ὀρίγανον (oríganon)
* Béguinot, Augusto, Diratzouyan, Nersès (1912) Contributo alla flora dell' Armenia‎ (in Italian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 235
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կորնգան”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 424–425
* Kerestedjian, Bedros (1945) Kerest Haig, editor, Étude philologique et lexicographique de 6000 mots et noms arméniens avec des comparaisons de 100.000 mots de 900 langues et des données historiques et géographiques‎ (in French), London: Bernard Quaritch Ltd., page 228, comparing with Persian خاولنجان (xâwlanjân)