# kall
## Albanian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *kalei-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to prick, jab (into); thrust (into)”). Cognate to Lithuanian kálti (“to strike, forge”) and Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ, “to prick, jab, hoe, hack”).

#### Alternative forms

* këllas, kalloj, qëlloj

#### Verb

kall (aorist kalla, participle kallë)
* to stick (on, into), put (up), thrust, instigate

#### References

* ↑ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 210

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *kapna, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- (“smoke, seethe”).

#### Verb

kall (aorist kalla, participle kallë)
* to burn

##### Derived terms

* kalla
* kallëzoj

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Albanian *kalsa, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat”). The exact formation may be either *kolh₂-sos, whence also Proto-Slavic *kolsъ (“ear of grain”), or *kolh₂-os, whence also Proto-Slavic *kolъ (“stake”).

#### Noun

kall m
* (Arbëresh) straw, chaff

##### Derived terms

* kallëz
* kalli

#### References

* ↑ Meyer, G. (1891) “kał”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 168
* ↑ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kolsъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kalli”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
* ↑ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 211–212

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Cognate with Swedish karl.

### Noun

kall m
* man (male human)
* husband

#### Declension
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰatl/
* Rhymes: -atl

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kall n (genitive singular kalls, nominative plural köll)
* call, shout
    Synonyms: hróp, óp, hljóð

##### Related terms

* kalla (“to call”)
* köllun

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kall m (genitive singular kalls, nominative plural kallar)
* (colloquial) Alternative spelling of karl

##### Declension
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

kall
* imperative of kalle

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse kall. See also the verb kalla (“to call”).

#### Noun

kall n (definite singular kallet, indefinite plural kall, definite plural kalla)
* a calling or vocation, religious or otherwise
* an office and/or the geographic area of said office

##### Derived terms

* prestekall

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of kar. Cognates include Elfdalian kall and Swedish karl.

#### Noun

kall m (definite singular kallen, indefinite plural kallar, definite plural kallane)
* an old man
    Synonym: gubbe
* a married man, husband
    kall og kjerring ― husband and wife
* dude, bloke, guy, chap, man
    Synonym: kar
* (folklore) (a general term for) a male supernatural creature
* a male bird
    Synonyms: hannfugl, stegg
* an old tree (with its crown cut)
* (often in compounds) an axle
* (botany) a flower of various genera

##### Derived terms

* andekall, andkall
* fossekall
* haugkall
* hinkall
* kvernkall
* omnkall
* runekall
* Torekall
* tuftekall
* tusskall

##### Related terms

* kjerring, kjelling

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

kall
* imperative of kalla

### Etymology 4
#### Adjective

kall
* Misspelling of kald.

### References

* “kall” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From the verb kalla (“to call, shout”).

### Noun

kall n (genitive kalls)
* call, cry, shouting
* appellation, name

#### Derived terms

* ákall

#### Descendants

* Danish: kald
** Norwegian Bokmål: kall
* Icelandic: kall
* Norwegian Nynorsk: kall
* Swedish: kall

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kall”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish kalder, kaller, from Old Norse kaldr, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kalː/
* Audio:(file)

#### Adjective

kall
* cold; having a low temperature.
* unfriendly, emotionally distant or unfeeling.

##### Inflection

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

##### Related terms

* kyla

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse kall. Related to Swedish and Old Norse verb kalla.

#### Noun

kall n
* a calling (strong urge to dedicate oneself to something, often an occupation felt to have a higher purpose)
* (rare) a call (of an animal)

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | kall | kalls |
| singular | definite | kallet | kallets |
| plural | indefinite | kall | kalls |
| plural | definite | kallen | kallens |

### References

* kall in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kall in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kall in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)