# 弛

| 弛 | U+5F1B, &#24347; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F1B |
| ← 弚 [U+5F1A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 弜 → [U+5F1C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

弛 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓心木 (NPD), four-corner 1421$_2$, composition ⿰弓也)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 357, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9724
* Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 991, character 13
* Unihan data for U+5F1B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弛 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 他 | *l̥ʰaːl |
| 拖 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls |
| 駞 | *l'aːl |
| 池 | *l'aːl, *l'al |
| 灺 | *ljalʔ |
| 鍦 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals |
| 虵 | *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal |
| 也 | *laːlʔ |
| 忚 | *hleːl |
| 髢 | *l'eːls |
| 杝 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal |
| 肔 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ |
| 馳 | *l'al |
| 阤 | *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ |
| 施 | *hljal, *hljals |
| 絁 | *hljal |
| 葹 | *hljal |
| 弛 | *hljalʔ |
| 箷 | *lal |
| 衪 | *lel, *lalʔ |
| 暆 | *lel |
| 迆 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 酏 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 匜 | *lal, *lalʔ |
| 迤 | *lalʔ |
| 扡 | *lalʔ |
| 崺 | *lalʔ |
| 貤 | *lals, *ɦljels, *lels |
| 地 | *l'els |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chí, shǐ (chi$^2$, shi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˊ, ㄕˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^2$ / ci$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): chi
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiē
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^3$ / di$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sí / tî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^3$
*** Yale: shř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^2$ / ci$^4$
*** Yale: chí / chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^2$ / tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^2$ / qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː³⁵/, /t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chi
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiē
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰie³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi³³²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: di$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹³/
* si3 - literary;
* di2 - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: syeX
Rime :
| Character | 弛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 施是切 |
| Baxter | syeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ajʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljalʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 弛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sye$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ajʔ/ |
| English | slacken (a bow) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 弛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14787 |
| Phonetic component | 也 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 弛 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljalʔ/ |

#### Definitions

弛
* (literary) to unstring a bow; to slacken a bowstring
    Antonym: 張 / 张
* to loosen; to slacken; to relax
* to fall off; to fall out of use
* (literary) to delay; to defer
* (literary) to remove; to abolish
* (literary) to ruin; to damage

#### Compounds

* 一弛一張 / 一弛一张
* 一張一弛 / 一张一弛
* 厥弛
* 外弛內張 / 外弛内张
* 廢弛 / 废弛 (fèichí)
* 弛廢 / 弛废 (chífèi)
* 弛張 / 弛张
* 弛禁 (chíjìn)
* 弛緩 / 弛缓 (chíhuǎn, shǐhuǎn)
* 張弛 / 张弛
* 懈弛
* 放蕩弛縱 / 放荡弛纵
* 澆弛 / 浇弛
* 簡弛 / 简弛
* 綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
* 色衰愛弛 / 色衰爱弛
* 跅弛
* 鬆弛 / 松弛 (sōngchí)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 弛 – see 施 (“to give, grant; to put into effect, carry out”). (This character is a variant form of 施).

### References

* “弛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #6378”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “弛”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 31.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* to loosen

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kan’yō-on: ち (chi)
* Kun: たるむ (tarumu, 弛む)、たるめる (tarumeru, 弛める)、たゆむ (tayumu, 弛む)、ゆるむ (yurumu, 弛む)、ゆるめる (yurumeru, 弛める)

## Korean
### Hanja

弛 • (i, chi) (hangeul 이, 치, revised i, chi, McCune–Reischauer i, ch'i, Yale i, chi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

弛: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.