# без
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* (in pre-tonal positions) бяз (bjaz), бязь (bjazʹ) — Taraškievica orthography

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲes]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -es
* Hyphenation: без

### Preposition

без • (bjez) [with genitive]
* without

### References

* “без”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “без” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic безъ (bezŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɛs]
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

без • (bez)
* without (not having)

### References

* ↑ Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “без”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 39

### Anagrams

* без- (bez-)

## Karachay-Balkar
### Noun

без • (bez)
* gland

## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | بەز |
| Cyrillic | без |
| Latin | bez |
| Yañalif | ʙez |

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic.

### Noun

без • (bez)
* gland
    ұйқы безіūiqy bezıpancreas

#### Declension
## Kyrgyz
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

### Noun

без • (bez) (Arabic spelling بەز)
* gland

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɛs]
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: бес (bes)

### Preposition

без • (bez)
* without

## Nogai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

### Noun

без • (bez)
* gland

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “без”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* бес (bes)
* беꙁ (bez)
* беꙁь (bezĭ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

### Preposition

без • (bez)
* without
** from СЛОВО НѢКОЕГО КАЛОУГЕРА О ЧЬТЕНИИ КЪНИГЪ:
    Не съставитъ бо сѧ корабль без гвоздии ни правьдьникъ бес почитаниꙗ кънижьнааго.Ne sŭstavitŭ bo sę korablĭ bez gvozdii ni pravĭdĭnikŭ bes počitanija kŭnižĭnaago.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎, София

## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛs]
* Rhymes: -ɛs
* Hyphenation: без
* Homophone: без- (bez-)

### Preposition

без (bez)
* without [with genitive]
    Synonym: (colloquial) през (prez)
    Antonyms: з (z), зоз (zoz)
    без конца ― bez konca ― without end

#### Derived terms

* без- (bez-)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “без”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “without”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 379

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* безъ (bez) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.
Cognate with Lithuanian bè (“without; besides”), Latvian bez (“without”), Old Prussian bhe (“without”), Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”), Persian بی (bi, “without”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲɪs] (before voiceless consonants)
* IPA: [bʲɪz] (before voiced consonants and vowels)
* IPA: [ˈbʲes] (when stressed before voiceless consonants)
* IPA: [ˈbʲez] (when stressed before voiced consonants and vowels)
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: бес (bes) (only when stressed)
* Note: без is stressed only in rare cases, e.g., бéз вести, бéз году неделя, бéз толку.

### Preposition

без • (bez) [with genitive or partitive]
* without, aside from, except, minus, free of/from (signifying absence)
    без воды́ ― bez vodý ― without water
    бе́зо всего́ ― bézo vsevó ― without anything
    не без интере́са ― ne bez interésa ― not without interest
    без сомне́ния ― bez somnénija ― without doubt
    Не могу́ жить без тебя́ ― Ne mogú žitʹ bez tebjá ― I can't live without you.
* minus, less
    без че́тверти час ― bez čétverti čas ― a quarter to one (literally, “one hour less one quarter”)

#### Usage notes

безо (bezo) is used before consonant clusters caused by fleeting vowels (лёд ― ljod ― ice, бе́зо льда ― bézo lʹda ― without ice).

#### Related terms

* без- (bez-)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “без”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez(ъ)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare без- and бес-.

#### Alternative forms

* брез, пре̏з, preza (regional)

#### Preposition

бѐз (Latin spelling bèz) (+ genitive case)
* without, excluding, not counting
    без сумње ― without a doubt
    остати без нечега ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)
    без обзира на.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is
    без краја и конца ― endlessly, without end
    не без разлога ― not without a reason
    без срца ― heartlessly, without a heart
    без р(иј)ечи ― without a word, speechless
    бити без нечега ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)

##### Related terms

* без-, бес-

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to безистан, безли, бесофра and беспара.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bêz/

#### Noun

бе̏з m (Latin spelling bȅz)
* linen, canvas
* (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ћереће, седелук, kafez or кафез-без, мелез, харир, шејтанбез and харирбез.

##### Declension
### References

* “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140

## Udi
### Determiner

без • (bez)
* Alternative form of бези (bezi)

### Further reading

* Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “без”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎, Baku: Academy Press, page 77

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɛz]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛz
* Hyphenation: без

### Preposition

без • (bez) (+ genitive case)
* without (not having)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “без”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka