# 亭

| 亭 | U+4EAD, &#20141; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAD |
| ← 京 [U+4EAC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亮 → [U+4EAE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

亭 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月弓 (YRBN), four-corner 0020$_1$, composition ⿱⿳亠口冖丁)

#### Derived characters

* 停, 婷, 嵉, 揨, 楟, 渟, 𤧟, 𮲥, 䁎, 𦂃, 聤, 葶, 蝏, 諪, 𨪃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 89, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 303
* Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 286, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4EAD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亭 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts03824Transcribed ancient scriptsL33462L33463L33464L33465L33466L33467L33468L33469L33470L33471L33472L33473L33474L11412L11413L11396L11397L11398L11399L11400L11401L11402L11403L11404L11405L11406L11407L11408L11409L11410L11411 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
| 打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
| 盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
| 朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
| 丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
| 揨 | *rdeːŋ |
| 釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
| 靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
| 仃 | *teːŋ |
| 叮 | *teːŋ |
| 疔 | *teːŋ |
| 頂 | *teːŋʔ |
| 奵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 耵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 酊 | *teːŋʔ |
| 葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
| 矴 | *teːŋs |
| 訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
| 飣 | *teːŋs |
| 汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
| 艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
| 婷 | *deːŋ |
| 停 | *deːŋ |
| 聤 | *deːŋ |
| 渟 | *deːŋ |
| 楟 | *deːŋ |
| 亭 | *deːŋ |
The Kangxi radical of the tower 京 (or 髙 > 高 according to its variants) with the phonetic component 丁 (nail). In the variant 𠅘, the body of the tower is more recognizable.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-diŋ (“settled; fixed; established”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *m-diŋ¹ ⪤ ʔ-diŋ¹ (“settled; come to rest”) and 定 (OC *deːŋs) (STEDT). Schuessler (2007) also compares 亭 (OC *deːŋ) to Mizo ding (“to stand; to stop; to halt”) and Lepcha ᰌᰧᰵ (diŋ, “to be erect”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tíng (ting$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ting$^4$ / ting$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thìn
    (Hailu, HRS): tin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tin$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): têng / tân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$din
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tíng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^2$
*** Yale: tíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyng
*** Palladius: тин (tin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ting$^4$ / ting$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: tìhng / tíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ting$^4$ / ting$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ting$^4$ / ting$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɪŋ²¹/, /tʰɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tin
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰin¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dìng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: deng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng
*** Tâi-lô: tîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: deeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, rare in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
*** Tâi-lô: tân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daan
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tan²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
* têng - literary;
* tân - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: deng
Rime :
| Character | 亭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 特丁切 |
| Baxter | deng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /deŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /deŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /deŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /dieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ting$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-tˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ deng › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-tˁeŋ/ |
| English | manage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2412 |
| Phonetic component | 丁 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 庭 |
| Old Chinese | /*deːŋ/ |

### Definitions

亭
* (historical) inn
* pavilion
    From: 1046, Ouyang Xiu, 醉翁亭記
    Fēnghuílùzhuǎn, yǒu tíng yìrán lín yú quán shàng zhě, Zuìwēng Tíng yě. Zuò tíng zhě shéi? Shān zhī sēng yuē Zhì Xiān yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* kiosk
    電話亭／电话亭 ― diànhuàtíng ― telephone booth
* (obsolete) erect
* (historical) a local administrative agency during the Qin and Han dynasties
    亭長／亭长 ― tíngcháng ― district leader
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Dàshuài shí lǐ yī tíng, tíng yǒu zhǎng. Shí tíng yī xiāng, xiāng yǒu sān lǎo, yǒuzhì, sèfū, yóujiào. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Compounds

* 不亭
* 亭亭 (tíngtíng)
* 亭亭玉立 (tíngtíngyùlì)
* 亭午 (tíngwǔ)
* 亭午夜分
* 亭場 / 亭场
* 亭子 (tíngzi)
* 亭子間 / 亭子间 (tíngzijiān)
* 亭彩
* 亭彩店
* 亭林先生
* 亭榭
* 亭毒
* 亭皋
* 亭臺 / 亭台 (tíngtái)
* 亭臺樓閣 / 亭台楼阁 (tíngtáilóugé)
* 亭長 / 亭长 (tíngzhǎng)
* 亭障
* 保亭縣 / 保亭县
* 六角亭 (Liùjiǎotíng)
* 十里長亭
* 商亭 (shāngtíng)
* 售票亭
* 失街亭
* 崗亭 / 岗亭 (gǎngtíng)
* 幔亭
* 御碑亭
* 徼亭
* 拜月亭
* 敬亭山
* 新亭
* 新亭對泣 / 新亭对泣
* 新亭淚 / 新亭泪
* 斷金亭子 / 断金亭子
* 旗亭
* 旗亭畫壁 / 旗亭画壁
* 柳敬亭
* 樂亭 / 乐亭
* 樂亭大鼓 / 乐亭大鼓
* 樓臺亭閣 / 楼台亭阁
* 樓閣亭臺 / 楼阁亭台
* 歧亭 (Qítíng)
* 涼亭 / 凉亭 (liángtíng)
* 湖心亭
* 滄浪亭 / 沧浪亭
* 漢壽亭侯 / 汉寿亭侯
* 牡丹亭
* 猇亭 (Xiāotíng)
* 玉立亭亭
* 短亭
* 碑亭 (bēitíng)
* 票亭
* 禾亭 (Hétíng)
* 羅亭 / 罗亭
* 考亭
* 考亭學派 / 考亭学派
* 茶亭 (chátíng)
* 華亭鶴唳 / 华亭鹤唳
* 蘭亭 / 兰亭 (Lántíng)
* 蘭亭帖 / 兰亭帖
* 蘭亭序 / 兰亭序 (Lántíngxù)
* 蘭亭會 / 兰亭会
* 蘭亭集序 / 兰亭集序
* 豐樂亭 / 丰乐亭
* 邊亭 / 边亭
* 郵亭 / 邮亭
* 都亭 (dūtíng)
* 醉翁亭
* 長亭 / 长亭 (chángtíng)
* 長亭短亭 / 长亭短亭
* 陶然亭 (Táorántíng)
* 電話亭 / 电话亭 (diànhuàtíng)
* 風亭月館 / 风亭月馆
* 風波亭 / 风波亭
* 香亭
* 馬嵬亭 / 马嵬亭
* 驛亭 / 驿亭
* 鮚埼亭 / 鲒埼亭

### References

* “亭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* arbor
* pavilion

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: ちん (chin)
* Kun: あずまや (azumaya, 亭)

### See also

* 東(あずま)屋(や) (azumaya)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 亭
* ちん Grade: S
* tōon

#### Alternative forms

* 亭(てい) (tei)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちん [chíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕĩɴ]

#### Noun

亭(ちん) • (chin)
* arbor

##### Synonyms

* あずまや (azumaya)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 亭
* てい Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 亭 (MC deng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てー [téꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [te̞ː]

#### Noun

亭(てい) • (tei)
* Alternative form of 亭 (chin)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

亭 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

亭: Hán Nôm readings: đình, đứa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation