# clarus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”), probably via Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₁rós and Proto-Italic *klāros (“loud”), containing the suffix *-ros (compare Latin -er postconsonantally). Cognate with Latin calō, clāmō, classis, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), and particularly German hell (“clear, bright”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈklaː.rus/, [ˈkɫ̪äːrʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkla.rus/, [ˈkläːrus]

### Adjective

clārus (feminine clāra, neuter clārum, comparative clārior, superlative clārissimus, adverb clārē); first/second-declension adjective
* clear, bright
    Synonym: lūcidus
    Antonyms: obscūrus, opācus
* renowned, famous, famed, distinguished, illustrious, celebrated, glorious
    Synonyms: fāmōsus, praeclārus, inclitus, celeber, memorātus
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.549–550:“Sunt et Siculīs regiōnibus urbēs arvaque, Troiānōque ā sanguine clārus Acestēs.”“There are also, in the land of Sicily, cities and farms [for us], and [where, born] from Trojan blood, [reigns] the famed Acestes.”
* upstanding, respected
* loud, clear, distinct, audible

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* clārē
* clārēdō
* clāreō
* clāricitō
* clāricō
* clārificō
* clārificus
* clārigenus
* clārigō
* clārisonus
* clāritās
* clāritūdō
* clārividus
* clārō
* inclārus
* praeclārus

#### Related terms

* acclārō
* clārescō
* clārificātiō
* clārificātus
* clārigātiō
* clāror
* dēclārātiō
* dēclārātīvus
* dēclārātor
* dēclārō
* exclārō
* perclārescō
* praeclāreō
* praeclāritās
* praeclāriter
* praeclārō

#### Descendants

* Balkan-Romance:
** Istro-Romanian: cľår
** Romanian: chiar
** → Romanian: clar
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: chiaro
** Sicilian: chiaru, ciaru
* Padanian:
** Friulian: clâr
** Emilian: cèr, ciär
** Ligurian: ciæo
** Lombard: ciar, cèr
** Piedmontese: ciair, cèir, cèr
** Romansch: clar, cler
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: cllâr
** Old French: cler
*** French: clair
*** → Middle English: clere
**** → English: clear
**** → Scots: clair
*** → Middle Dutch: claer
**** → Dutch: klaar
**** → Middle Low German: klār
***** → German: klar
***** Old Norse: klárr
****** Danish: klar
****** Norwegian Bokmål: klar
****** Norwegian Nynorsk: klar, klår
****** Swedish: klar
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: claro
    Belsetán: clar
    Benasqués: cllaro
** Catalan: clar; cllar (northwestern)
** Old Occitan: clar
*** Occitan: clar
* Ibero-romance:
** Asturian: claru
** Leonese: craru
** Old Galician-Portuguese: claro, craro
*** Galician: claro, craro
*** Portuguese: claro
** Spanish: claro
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: craru
* → Albanian: qartë

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117–118

### Further reading

* “clarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “clarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* clarus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* clarus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere a good,[1] brilliant example; a striking example: exemplum clarum, praeclarum a strong, loud voice: vox magna, clara (Sulla 10. 30) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
* “clarus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* clarus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “clarus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* “clarus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly