OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sabugal
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From sabugal (“elderberry field”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /sa.buˈɡaw/ [sa.buˈɡaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɐ.buˈɡal/ [sɐ.βuˈɣaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɐ.buˈɡal/ [sɐ.βuˈɣaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /sɐ.buˈɡa.li/ [sɐ.βuˈɣa.li]
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Homophone: sabugal
* Hyphenation: Sa‧bu‧gal
* Audio (Portugal):(file)

### Proper noun

Sabugal m
* A city, parish, and municipality of Guarda district, Portugal

#### Derived terms

* sabugalense

#### Related terms

* Sabugais
* Sabugo
* Sabugosa
* Sabugueira
* Sabugueiro
* Sabugueses

### References

* ↑ “Sabugal”, in Dicionário infopédia de Toponímia (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sabuˈɡal/ [sa.β̞uˈɣ̞al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: Sa‧bu‧gal

### Proper noun

Sabugal m or f by sense
* a surname
# zmrazit
## Czech
### Etymology

From z- +‎ mrazit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzm̩razɪt]

### Verb

zmrazit pf
* (transitive) to freeze

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | zmrazit, zmraziti | Active adjective | zmrazivší |
| Verbal noun | zmražení | Passive adjective | zmražený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | zmrazím | zmrazíme | — | zmrazme |
| 2nd person | zmrazíš | zmrazíte | zmraz | zmrazte |
| 3rd person | zmrazí | zmrazí | — | — |
* The verb zmrazit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | zmrazil | zmrazili | zmražen, zmrazen | zmraženi, zmrazeni |
| masculine inanimate | zmrazil | zmrazily | zmražen, zmrazen | zmraženy, zmrazeny |
| feminine | zmrazila | zmrazily | zmražena, zmrazena | zmraženy, zmrazeny |
| neuter | zmrazilo | zmrazila | zmraženo, zmrazeno | zmražena, zmrazena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | zmraziv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | zmrazivši |
| plural | — | zmrazivše |

#### Related terms

* mrazit

### Further reading

* “zmraziti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zmraziti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zmrazit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# бакрорез
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbakrɔɾɛs]
* Hyphenation: бак‧ро‧рез

### Noun

бакрорез • (bakrorez) m (plural бакрорези)
* copperplate, copperplate engraving (a drawing technique by engraving in a copperplate and the drawing obtained with such a technique)

#### Derived terms

* бакрорезец m (bakrorezec)

### References

* “бакрорез” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From ба̀кар + ре̑з, ре̏зати.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bâkroreːz/
* Hyphenation: бак‧ро‧рез

### Noun

ба̏кроре̄з m (Latin spelling bȁkrorēz)
* copperplate

#### Declension
### References

* “бакрорез”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# litorarmos
## Portuguese
### Verb

litorarmos
* inflection of litorar:
** first-person plural future subjunctive
** first-person plural personal infinitive
# positional
## English
### Etymology

From position +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

positional (not comparable)
* Relating to the position of something.
* (economics) Having or pertaining to a value that is a function of its social desirability, as opposed to its utility.
** 1998, Samuel Bowles, Maurizio Franzini, Ugo Pagano, The Politics and Economics of Power, page 61:Of course, this ex post problem may have a negative feedback on the ex ante desirability of having market transactions for positional goods.
** 2013, Anastasios S. Korkotsides, Against Utility-Based Economics: On a Life-Based Approach, page 235:Since economics is about scarcity, its study must be based on positional conflict, as indicated by the behaviour of the nouveau riche, or of poor people, who proudly demonstrate their latest smartphones or plasma TV sets.
** 2014, Shenggen Fan, Ravi Kanbur, Shang-Jin Wei, The Oxford Companion to the Economics of China:Regarding saving and consumption, nonpositional and positional consumption are distinguished.
** 2016, Stavros A. Drakopoulos, Comparisons in Economic Thought, page 69:Max Weber was also aware of positional considerations when he defined social status as "an effective claim to social esteem in terms of positive or negative privileges" (Weber, 1922: 305).
* (chess) Based on long-term strategy, on gaining and exploiting small advantages, and on analyzing the larger position, rather than calculating more immediate tactics.

#### Synonyms

* locational

#### Derived terms

* benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
* positional asphyxia
* positional good
* positional isomer
* positional notation
* positional parameter
* positional voting

#### Translations
### Noun

positional (plural positionals)
* (linguistics) A member of a class of verb in some languages that indicates position or posture.

### Anagrams

* isopointal, spoliation
# resmi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay rasmi, from Arabic رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rəs.mi/
* Hyphenation: rês‧mi

### Adjective

resmi
* legalized, official.
* formal.

#### Derived terms

* diresmikan
* keresmian
* meresmikan
* peresmian
* bahasa resmi (“official language”)

### Further reading

* “resmi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

resmi
* Romanization of ꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶ

## Turkish
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾes.miː/

#### Adjective

resmi
* Alternative form of resmî (“official”).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾes.mi/

#### Noun

resmi
* inflection of resim (“picture”):
** accusative singular
** third-person singular possessive

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy).

### Adjective

resmi (comparative ?, superlative iň resmi)
* official, formal
# geykur
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse gaukr, from Proto-Germanic *gaukaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛiːkʊɹ/
    Rhymes: -ɛiːkʊɹ

### Noun

geykur m (genitive singular geyks, plural geykar)
* cuckoo
# trialach
## Irish
### Etymology 1

From triail +‎ -ach.

#### Adjective

trialach (genitive singular masculine trialaigh, genitive singular feminine trialaí, plural trialacha, not comparable)
* trial, experimental, tentative

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Derived terms

* fisic thrialach (“experimental physics”)
* píosa trialach (“test-piece”)
* scrúdú trialach (“test-paper”)
* tolladh trialach (“trial boring”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

trialach f sg
* genitive singular of triail

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “trialach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “experimental”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* “exploratory”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* “mock”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* “tentative”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
# Spaainagh
## Manx
### Etymology

From Spaainey (“Spain”) +‎ -agh.

### Adjective

Spaainagh
* Spanish (in nationality)
* Hispanic

#### Derived terms

* cro Spaainagh (“(edible) chestnut”)
* Spaainaghys

### Noun

Spaainagh m (genitive singular Spaainagh, plural Spaainee)
* Spaniard
# smout
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

smout (plural smouts)
* (dated, slang) A printer who does short-term work in various offices.

### Verb

smout (third-person singular simple present smouts, present participle smouting, simple past and past participle smouted)
* (dated, intransitive) To do occasional work.

### Anagrams

* Musto, Mutos, motus

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch smout (“melted animal fat, oil”), from Old Dutch *smalt, from Proto-West Germanic *smalt, from Proto-Germanic *smultą.
Cognate with Limburgish smout, West Flemish smout, Zealandic smout, Middle Low German smalt, Old High German smalz, Middle High German smalz, Plautdietsch Schmolt, German Schmalz, Bavarian Schmoiz, Cimbrian smaltz, Hunsrik Schmals, Luxembourgish Schmalz, Pennsylvania German Schmals, Yiddish שמאַלץ (shmalts).
More distantly related to Old English smolt, Old Norse smolt, Icelandic smolt, Norwegian Bokmål smult.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /smɑu̯t/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: smout
* Rhymes: -ɑu̯t

### Noun

smout n (plural smouten, diminutive smoutje n)
* melted and solidified animal fat
    Synonym: reuzel
* any type of melted and solidified fat
* (rare) any type of oil
    Synonym: olie
* type of melted and solidified lard, often sweetened with sugar or another additive, used as bread spread
    Synonym: reuzel

#### Derived terms

* gesmout
* haringsmout
* leversmout
* raapsmout
* sloorsmout
* smoutachtig
* smoutdrukker
* smouten
* smoutenbol
* smouterig
* smoutig
* smoutmolen
* smoutverkoper
* smoutwerk
* smoutzetter

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

from Old Dutch *smalt, from Proto-West Germanic *smalt.

### Noun

smout n
* melted animal fat
* any type of oil or semi-liquid fat

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: smout
* West Flemish: smout

### Further reading

* “smout”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “smout (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## West Flemish
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch smout (“melted animal fat, oil”), from Old Dutch *smalt, from Proto-West Germanic *smalt.

### Noun

smout n
* type of melted and solidified lard, often sweetened with sugar or another additive, used as bread spread
* melted and solidified animal fat

#### Derived terms

* smoutzochte
* smoutn
# chójźiś
## Lower Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* chojźiś (superseded)
* chojżisch (obsolete)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoditi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxɛjʑiɕ/, [ˈxejʑiɕ]

### Verb

chójźiś impf (abstract)
* to go, walk

#### Conjugation

| Present | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | chójźim | chójźimej | chójźimy |
| 2nd person | chójźiš | chójźitej | chójźiśo |
| 3rd person | chójźi | chójźitej | chójźe |
| Preterite | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | chójźach | chójźachmej | chójźachmy |
| 2nd person | chójźašo | chójźaštej | chójźašćo |
| 3rd person | chójźašo | chójźaštej | chójźachu |
| Imperative | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 2nd person | chójź | chójźtej | chójźćo |

##### Participles

* Present: chójźecy
* Past active (“ł-form”): chójźił
* Past passive: chójźony

##### Infinitive

    chójźiś

##### Supine

    chójźit

##### Verbal noun

    chójźenje

#### Synonyms

* chadaś (iterative)
* hyś (concrete)

#### Derived terms

* dochójźiś
* chójźak
* chójźaŕ
* nachójźiś
* póchójźiś
* pśechójźiś
* schójźiś
* wobchójźiś
* wótchójźiś
* wuchójźiś
* wuschójźiś

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “chójźiś”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “chójźiś”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
# vorsum
## Latin
### Etymology

Adverbial use of a perfect past participle form of vertō (“turn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯or.sum/, [ˈu̯ɔrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvor.sum/, [ˈvɔrsum]

### Adverb

vorsum
* toward

#### Derived terms

* aliōrsum
* aliquōvorsum
* deorsum
* hōrsum
* illōrsum
* istōrsum
* quōrsum
* retrōrsum
* rūrsum
* sūrsum
* sūrsuorsum
# стяг
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Perhaps a conflation of:
* Proto-Slavic *stěgъ (“post”), whence Serbo-Croatian стије̑г (“flagpost”);
* Russian стяг (stjag, “flag”) (earlier Old East Slavic стѧгъ (stęgŭ)), itself from Old Norse stǫng (whence Swedish stång, Danish stang, English stang).
Contemporary dictionaries do not segregate the two meanings.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stʲa̟k]
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

стяг • (stjag) m (obsolescent)
* (poetic) banner, flag
* (dialectal) pivot, pillar that holds an insignia

#### Alternative forms

* стег (steg) — dialectal

### References

* “стяг”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “стяг”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “стягъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 283
* Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стяг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 536

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic стѧгъ (stęgŭ), which is most probably from Old Norse stǫng (whence English stang and Danish stang). Compare шта́нга (štánga), from German Stange. Alternative reconstructions point towards Proto-Slavic *stěgъ which was limited to South Slavic languages. Cognate with Belarusian сцяг (scjah) and Ukrainian стяг (stjah).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲtʲak]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

стяг • (stjag) m inan (genitive стя́га, nominative plural стя́ги, genitive plural стя́гов)
* (poetic, literary) banner, flag
    Synonyms: зна́мя (známja), флаг (flag), хору́гвь (xorúgvʹ)

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [sʲtʲaɦ]

### Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic стѧгъ (stęgŭ), which was formed either from Old Norse stǫng, or from Proto-Slavic *stěgъ.

#### Noun

стяг • (stjah) m inan (genitive стя́га, nominative plural стя́ги, genitive plural стя́гів)
* flag

##### Derived terms

* піднімати стяг (pidnimaty stjah)

### Etymology 2

Formed from Proto-Slavic *vъstǫga.

#### Noun

стяг • (stjah) m inan (genitive стя́га, nominative plural стя́ги, genitive plural стя́гів)
* ribbon

##### Declension
### References

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “стяг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “стяг”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “стяг”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# kóńcowaś
## Lower Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* końcowaś, koṅzowasch (obsolete)

### Etymology

kóńc (“end”) +‎ -owaś.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɨnʲtsowaɕ/, /ˈkɛnʲtsowaɕ/, (dated) /ˈkʊnʲtsowaɕ/

### Verb

kóńcowaś impf (perfective skóńcowaś)
* to kill (put to death)
    Synonym: wusmjerśiś

#### Conjugation

| Present | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | kóńcuju kóńcujom | kóńcujomej | kóńcujomy |
| 2nd person | kóńcujoš | kóńcujotej | kóńcujośo |
| 3rd person | kóńcujo | kóńcujotej | kóńcuju |
| Preterite | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | kóńcowach | kóńcowachmej | kóńcowachmy |
| 2nd person | kóńcowašo | kóńcowaštej | kóńcowašćo |
| 3rd person | kóńcowašo | kóńcowaštej | kóńcowachu |
| Imperative | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 2nd person | kóńcuj | kóńcujtej | kóńcujśo |

##### Participles

* Present: kóńcujucy
* Past active (“ł-form”): kóńcował
* Past passive: kóńcowany

##### Infinitive

    kóńcowaś

##### Supine

    kóńcowat

##### Verbal noun

    kóńcowanje

#### Derived terms

* dokóńcowaś
* kóńcowaŕ
* wukóńcowaś
* zakóńcowaś
# decipio
## Latin
### Etymology

From dē- +‎ capiō (“capture, take”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /deːˈki.pi.oː/, [d̪eːˈkɪpioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /deˈt͡ʃi.pi.o/, [d̪eˈt͡ʃiːpio]

### Verb

dēcipiō (present infinitive dēcipere, perfect active dēcēpī, supine dēceptum); third conjugation iō-variant
* to catch, ensnare, entrap, deceive, mislead, beguile, elude, cheat
    Synonyms: mentior, frūstror, ēlūdō, dēstituō, fraudō, fallō, circumdūcō, circumveniō, ingannō, indūcō, dolum faciō

#### Derived terms

* dēceptiō
* dēceptīvus
* dēceptō
* dēceptor
* dēceptrīx
* dēceptus
* dēcipula
* perdēcipiō

#### Related terms

* capiō
* dēceptōrius

#### Descendants

* Catalan: decebre
* Occitan: decebre
* Old French: decevoir, deceivre, deceveir
** → Middle English: deceyven
*** English: deceive
** Franco-Provençal: dècêvre, dècevêr
** French: décevoir
* Old Galician-Portuguese: deceber
* Spanish: decebir

### References

* “decipio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “decipio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* decipio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# noncount
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ count.

### Adjective

noncount (not comparable)
* (grammar) Not a count noun.

#### Derived terms

* noncount noun
# neopentyl
## English
### Etymology

From neopentane +‎ -yl.

### Noun

neopentyl (plural neopentyls)
* (organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from neopentane.

#### Derived terms

* neopentyl alcohol
* neopentyl glycol
# palladation
## English
### Noun

palladation (plural palladations)
* (organic chemistry) Any reaction in which a palladium atom is bound to an organic compound.

#### Derived terms

* aminopalladation
* carbopalladation
* cyclopalladation
* oxypalladation
# laar
## Bavarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɑː/

### Adjective

laar
* Alternative spelling of lar

## Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch laer, from Old Dutch *lāri, from Proto-West Germanic *lāʀi, from Proto-Germanic *lēziz, *lēzijaz. Cognate with German leer, Bavarian lar, obsolete English lere.

#### Adjective

laar (comparative laarder, superlative laarst)
* (obsolete) empty

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch laer, from Old Dutch lār, hlār (only in place names), from Proto-Germanic *hlēraz or *hlēzaz, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- and related to Latin clarus (“bright, clear”). The etymology is unclear, and the word is rare in the languages where it is found, in any case.
Cognate with Old Saxon hlār, Old High German hlār, both only on place names. Also see hypotheses in Ancient Belgian language.

#### Noun

laar n (plural laren, diminutive laartje n)
* (obsolete) open space in a forest

##### Derived terms

* Aartselaar
* Anklaar
* Bekelaar
* Berglaren
* Berkelaar
* Berlaar
* Besselaar
* Beukelaar
* Bredelaar
* Couwelaar
* De Laar
* De Luytelaar
* Gelselaar
* Hallaar
* Harselaar
* Heilaar
* Het Laar
* Hoeilaart
* IJpelaar
* Laar
* Laarakkers
* Laarbeek
* Laares
* Laarne
* Lanklaar
* Laren
* Middelaar
* Midlaren
* Noordlaren
* Oetelaar
* Rillaar
* Rotselaar
* 't Laar
* Tatelaar
* Vorselaar
* Vosselaar
* Wespelaar
* Westlaren
* Zemst-Laar
* Zuidlaren

#### References

* ↑ Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, Amsterdam

## East Central German
### Etymology

Compare German leer.

### Adjective

laar
* (Erzgebirgisch) empty
# cuppinu
## Sicilian
### Etymology

From Latin cuppa (“drinking vessel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kupˈpi.nu/, [kʊpˈpi.nʊ]
* Rhymes: -inu
* Hyphenation: cup‧pì‧nu

### Noun

cuppinu m (plural cuppina)
* ladle
    Synonyms: cucchiara, cucchiara di lignu

#### Derived terms

* cuppinata
* cuppinazzu
* cuppineḍḍu
* cuppinuzzu

#### Related terms

* coppu
* cuppa
* còppula

#### Descendants

* → Italian: coppino (regional)

### See also

* bruccetta
* cucchiara
* culinu
* cuteḍḍu
* mappina
* padeḍḍa
* pagghiazzu
* pignata
* scula-pasta
* suppera
* tuvagghia
# naki
## Choctaw
### Alternative forms

* nʋki

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Muskogean *θakiCi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna.ki(ʔ)/, /ˈnə.ki(ʔ)/

### Noun

naki (alienable)
* lead
* dart
* bullet

#### Derived terms

* oski naki (“arrow”)
* uski naki (“arrow”)

## Cree
### Noun

naki (Syllabics ᓇᑭ)
* stop

### Verb

naki (Syllabics ᓇᑭ)
* to stop

## Japanese
### Romanization

naki
* Rōmaji transcription of なき

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English knock.

### Verb

naki
* to hit, to knock
* to play a percussion instrument
* to jab

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: nakkie
# pael
## Estonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *pakla. Related to Finnish paula, Ingrian pagla, Livvi paglu, Veps pagl and Votic paglõ.

### Noun

pael (genitive paela, partitive paela)
* cord
* shoelace

#### Declension
## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pale (pale > pael, the letters -le were transposed to -el).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pa.ˈel]

### Noun

pael (nominative plural paels)
* paleness (color)

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Synonyms

* faal

#### Antonyms

* dof (“darkness”)

#### Derived terms

* funapael
* funapaelik
* paelablöv
* paelablövik
* paelagrün
* paelagrünik
* paelaredavin
* paelayelov
* paelayelovik
* paelik
* paelikön
* paelön
* paelükön

### See also

* köl
* klil
# -stʾn'
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* -𐭮𐭲𐭭 (-stn /⁠-estān⁠/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
* -ystʾʾn (-estān) — Manichaean

### Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam (compare Sanskrit स्थान (sthā́na)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Old Armenian -ստան (-stan), an Iranian borrowing.

### Suffix

-stʾn' • (-estān)
* makes nouns of places
    ʾswlstʾn' ― Asōrestān ― Assyria, Persian Mesopotamia
    hndwstʾn' ― Hindūstān ― India
    cynstʾn' ― Čīnestān ― China
    dhmkstʾn' ― daxmagestān ― cemetery
    dpyrstʾn' ― dibīrestān ― school
* of indeterminate function
    ẕmstʾn' ― Zamestān ― winter
    dʾtstʾn' ― dādestān ― law
    bʾlstʾn' ― bārestān ― patient, resigned

#### Derived terms

* bwdstʾn' (bōyestān)
* bʾlstʾn' (bārestān)
* cynstʾn' (Čīnestān)
* dhmkstʾn' (daxmagestān)
* dpyrstʾn' (dibīrestān)
* dʾtstʾn' (dādestān)
* gwstʾn' (gōstān)
* hmdʾtstʾn' (ham-dādestān)
* hndwstʾn' (Hindūstān)
* hwcstʾn' / 𐭧𐭥𐭰𐭮𐭲𐭭 (Hūzestān)
* hylptstʾn' (hērbedestān)
* KNYAstʾn' (nayestān)
* MDYNA (šahrestān)
* plʾhngstʾn' (frahangestān)
* skstʾn' (Sagestān)
* swkwstʾn' (Sōgestān)
* tplstʾn' (Tabarestān)
* twlkstʾn' (Turkestān)
* tʾp̄stʾn' (tābestān)
* špstʾn' (šabestān)
* ʾswlstʾn' / 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 (Asōrestān)
* ẕmstʾn' (zamestān)

#### Descendants

* Classical Persian: ـستان (-istân)
** Dari: ـستان (-istān), ـستان (-stān), ستان (sitān)
** Iranian Persian: ـستان (-estân), ـستان (-stân), ستان (setân)
** Tajik: -истон (-iston), -стон (-ston), -ситон (-siton)
** → Armenian: -ստան (-stan)
** → Assamese: -স্তান (-stan)
** → Azerbaijani: -istan
** → Bashkir: -стан (-stan)
** → Bengali: -স্তান (-stan)
** → Chagatai: ـستان
*** Uyghur: ـىستان (-istan)
*** Uzbek: -iston
** → Chinese: 斯坦 (sītǎn)
** → English: -istan, -stan
** → Georgian: -სტანი (-sṭani)
** → Gujarati: -ઇસ્તાન (-istān), -સ્તાન (-stān)
** → Hindustani:
*** Hindi: -इस्तान (-istān), -स्तान (-stān)
*** Urdu: ـِسْتان (-istān), ـسْتان (-stān)
** → Kazakh: -стан (-stan)
** → Kyrgyz: -стан (-stan)
** → Malayalam: -സ്ഥാന് (-sthānŭ)
** → Ottoman Turkish: ـستان (-istan)
*** Turkish: -istan
** → Punjabi:
*** Gurmukhi script: -ਇਸਤਾਨ (-istān), -ਸਤਾਨ (-stān)
*** Shahmukhi script: ـِسْتان (-istān), ـسْتان (-stān)
** → Russian: -истан (-istan), -стан (-stan)
** → Sindhi: ـِسْتَانُ (-istānu), ـسْتانُ (-stānu)
** → Spanish: -istán
** → Tamil: -ஸ்தான் (-stāṉ)
** → Tatar: -стан (-stan)
** → Turkmen: -istan

### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press