# 琉

| 琉 | U+7409, &#29705; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7409 |
| ← 琈 [U+7408] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 琊 → [U+740A] |
| 琉 | U+F9CC, &#63948; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CC |
| ← 溜 [U+F9CB] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 留 → [U+F9CD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

琉 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土卜戈山 (MGYIU), four-corner 1011$_3$, composition ⿰𤣩㐬)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 733, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20978
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1118, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7409
* Unihan data for U+F9CC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 流 | *ru |
| 硫 | *ru |
| 琉 | *ru |
| 旒 | *ru |
| 瑬 | *ru |
| 裗 | *ru |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ru) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 㐬.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liú (liu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lau$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): liù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liú
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lióu
*** Wade–Giles: liu$^2$
*** Yale: lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
*** Palladius: лю (lju)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lau$^4$
*** Yale: làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐu̯²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liù
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
*** Tâi-lô: liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: liu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liû
*** Sinological IPA : /liu⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ljuw
Rime :
| Character | 琉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力求切 |
| Baxter | ljuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /luw/ |
| Li Rong | /liu/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ru/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 琉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8337 |
| Phonetic component | 流 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ru/ |
| Notes | 同瑠 |

### Definitions

琉
* Used in compounds.

### Compounds

* 帛琉 (Bóliú)
* 淨琉璃 / 净琉璃
* 琉特琴 (liútèqín)
* 琉球 (Liúqiú)
* 琉球群島 / 琉球群岛 (Liúqiú Qúndǎo)
* 琉璃 (liúlí)
* 琉璃喇叭
* 琉璃工藝 / 琉璃工艺
* 琉璃廠 / 琉璃厂
* 琉璃燈 / 琉璃灯
* 琉璃珠
* 琉璃球兒 / 琉璃球儿
* 琉璃瓦 (liúlíwǎ)
* 琉璃磚 / 琉璃砖
* 萬頃琉璃 / 万顷琉璃

### References

* “琉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* precious stone
* gem
* lapis lazuli

#### Readings

* Go-on: る (ru)
* Kan-on: りゅう (ryū)

#### Compounds

* 琉璃(るり) (ruri): lapis lazuli
* 琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū): Ryūkyū

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 琉 (MC ljuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 류 (lyu) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 琉 (eumhun 유리 류 (yuri ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 유리 유 (yuri yu))
* hanja form of 류/유 (“glass”)

#### Compounds

* 유리 (琉璃, yuri, “glass”)
* 유리창 (琉璃窓, yurichang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

琉: Hán Việt readings: lưu
琉: Nôm readings: lưu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation