# 讚

| 讚 | U+8B9A, &#35738; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B9A |
| ← 讙 [U+8B99] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 讛 → [U+8B9B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 讚 |
| Shinjitai | 讃 |
| Simplified | 赞 |

### Han character

讚 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+19, 26 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹山金 (YRHUC), four-corner 0468$_6$, composition ⿰訁贊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1188, character 4
* Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4034, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8B9A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 贊 | *ʔsaːns |
| 趲 | *ʔsaːns, *zaːnʔ |
| 讚 | *ʔsaːns |
| 酇 | *ʔsaːns, *zoːn |
| 饡 | *ʔsaːns |
| 濽 | *ʔsaːns |
| 襸 | *ʔsaːns |
| 攢 | *ʔsaːns, *ʔsoːnʔ |
| 瓚 | *zaːnʔ |
| 禶 | *zaːnʔ, *zoːn |
| 穳 | *zaːns, *zoːn |
| 囋 | *zaːns, *zaːd |
| 鑽 | *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns |
| 劗 | *ʔsoːn, *zoːn |
| 纘 | *ʔsoːnʔ |
| 儧 | *ʔsoːnʔ |
| 鄼 | *ʔsoːnʔ |
| 欑 | *ʔsoːnʔ, *zoːn |
| 籫 | *ʔsoːnʔ |
| 巑 | *zoːn |
| 攅 | *zoːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàn (zan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaan$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chan
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tse
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
*** Wade–Giles: tsan$^4$
*** Yale: dzàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
*** Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaan$^3$
*** Yale: jaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chan
*** Hakka Romanization System: zan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡san⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàn
*** Tâi-lô: tsàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaxn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡san²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡san¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡san⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tse
*** MiniDict: tse$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tse
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsanH
Rime :
| Character | 讚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則旰切 |
| Baxter | tsanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡san$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 讚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16516 |
| Phonetic component | 贊 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 賛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaːns/ |

#### Definitions

讚
* to praise; to commend; to eulogize
* (Internet, social media) to like

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to like”): 踩 (cǎi)

##### Compounds

* 稱讚 / 称赞 (chēngzàn)
* 讚不絕口 / 赞不绝口 (zànbùjuékǒu)
* 讚佩 / 赞佩
* 讚嘆 / 赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 讚好 / 赞好
* 讚揚 / 赞扬 (zànyáng)
* 讚歌 / 赞歌 (zàngē)
* 讚美 / 赞美 (zànměi)
* 讚美詩 / 赞美诗 (zànměishī)
* 讚羨 / 赞羡
* 讚許 / 赞许 (zànxǔ)
* 讚詞 / 赞词
* 讚語 / 赞语
* 讚譽 / 赞誉 (zànyù)
* 讚賞 / 赞赏 (zànshǎng)
* 讚辭 / 赞辞
* 讚頌 / 赞颂 (zànsòng)

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Northern Wu 㜺／𫲗 (zàn)?”

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàn (zan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
*** Wade–Giles: tsan$^4$
*** Yale: dzàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
*** Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sän⁵¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chán
*** Tâi-lô: tsán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡san⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡san⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡san⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴¹/

#### Definitions

讚
* (chiefly Southern Min, Taiwanese Mandarin) cool; awesome

##### Synonyms

* (Mandarin) 棒 (bàng)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 讚 – see 㜺 (“good; great”). (This character is a variant form of 㜺).

### Further reading

* “Entry #13432”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 讃 |
| Kyūjitai | 讚 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 讃)
* praise
* picture title

#### Readings

* Go-on: さん (san)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: たたえる (tataeru, 讚える)、ほめる (homeru, 讚める)、ほめことば (homekotoba)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 讚 (MC tsanH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 잔〮 (Yale: cán) | 잔〮 (Yale: cán) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 기릴〮 (Yale: kìlíl) | 찬〯 (Yale: chǎn) |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 기릴 (Yale: kilil) | 찬 (Yale: chan) |
| Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 | 기릴 (Yale: kilil) | 찬 (Yale: chan) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [찬(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 讚 (eumhun 기릴 찬 (giril chan))
* hanja form of 찬 (“to praise; to laud”) [verbal root; affix]

### Compounds

* 격절칭찬 (擊節稱讚, gyeokjeolchingchan)
* 격찬 (激讚, gyeokchan, “great praise”)
* 경찬 (慶讚, gyeongchan, “Buddhist praise”)
* 과찬 (過讚, gwachan, “excessive praise”)
* 극찬 (極讚, geukchan, “extreme praise”)
* 예찬 (禮讚, yechan, “lauding”)
* 자찬 (自讚, jachan, “self-praise”)
* 자화자찬 (自畫自讚, jahwajachan)
* 절찬 (絕讚, jeolchan, “extreme praise”)
* 찬가 (讚歌, chan'ga, “song of praise”)
* 찬미 (讚美, chanmi, “praise, lauding”)
* 찬불 (讚佛, chanbul, “praise of the Buddha”)
* 찬사 (讚辭, chansa, “words of praise”)
* 찬송 (讚頌, chansong, “praise, lauding”)
* 찬송가 (讚頌歌, chansongga, “Christian hymn”)
* 찬양 (讚揚, chanyang, “praise”)
* 칭찬 (稱讚, chingchan, “compliment”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

讚: Hán Nôm readings: tán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.