# γυμνός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷomnós by Cowgill's Law (o → u between labial and resonant), from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷmós by metathesis (possible taboo deformation; if the metathesis didn't happen we would have *νυγμός (*nugmós)), from *nogʷós (“naked”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡym.nós/ → /ʝymˈnos/ → /ʝimˈnos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡym.nós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ɡymˈnos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ʝymˈnos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ʝymˈnos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ʝimˈnos/

### Adjective

γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension
* naked, nude, unclad
* unarmed, without armor, defenseless
* bare, uncovered
* stripped, destitute
* lightly clad
* mere

#### Derived terms

* γυμνάς (gumnás)
** γυμνάζω (gumnázō)
*** γύμνασμα (gúmnasma)
*** γυμναστέος (gumnastéos)
*** γυμναστήριον (gumnastḗrion)
*** γυμναστής (gumnastḗs)
*** γυμναστικός (gumnastikós)
* γύμνασις (gúmnasis)
** γυμνασία (gumnasía)
** γυμνάσιον (gumnásion)
* γυμνηλός (gumnēlós)
* γυμνής (gumnḗs)
** γυμνητεύω (gumnēteúō)
* γυμνικός (gumnikós)
* γυμνότης (gumnótēs)
* γυμνόω (gumnóō)
** γύμνωσις (gúmnōsis)
** γυμνωτέος (gumnōtéos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: γυμνός (gymnós)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γυμνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291

### Further reading

* “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “γυμνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “γυμνός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* γυμνός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* γυμνός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* γυμνός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “γυμνός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G1131 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. bare idem, page 62.blank idem, page 81.defenceless idem, page 204.denude idem, page 211.exposed idem, page 295.naked idem, page 550.nude idem, page 562.open idem, page 574.unarmed idem, page 907.unclothed idem, page 909.uncovered idem, page 911.undressed idem, page 915.unguarded idem, page 920.unprotected idem, page 928.unrobed idem, page 930.vulnerable idem, page 958.
* American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Ed. Calvert Watkins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
* Huld, Martin E. “Magic, Metathesis and Nudity in Indo-European Thought.” Ancient Languages and Philology. Vol 1 of Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. Eds. Dorothy Disterheft et al. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 20. Gen. eds. A. Richard Diebold and Edgar C. Polomé. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. 75-92.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷomnós, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʝimˈnɔs]

### Adjective

γυμνός • (gymnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνό)
* naked, unsheathed, bare.

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο γυμνός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο γυμνός, etc.)
comparative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
γυμνότερος (gymnóteros)
γυμνότερη (gymnóteri)
γυμνότερο (gymnótero)
γυμνότεροι (gymnóteroi)
γυμνότερες (gymnóteres)
γυμνότερα (gymnótera)
genitive
γυμνότερου (gymnóterou)
γυμνότερης (gymnóteris)
γυμνότερου (gymnóterou)
γυμνότερων (gymnóteron)
γυμνότερων (gymnóteron)
γυμνότερων (gymnóteron)
accusative
γυμνότερο (gymnótero)
γυμνότερη (gymnóteri)
γυμνότερο (gymnótero)
γυμνότερους (gymnóterous)
γυμνότερες (gymnóteres)
γυμνότερα (gymnótera)
vocative
γυμνότερε (gymnótere)
γυμνότερη (gymnóteri)
γυμνότερο (gymnótero)
γυμνότεροι (gymnóteroi)
γυμνότερες (gymnóteres)
γυμνότερα (gymnótera)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο γυμνότερος", etc)
absolute superlative (?)
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
nominative
γυμνότατος (gymnótatos)
γυμνότατη (gymnótati)
γυμνότατο (gymnótato)
γυμνότατοι (gymnótatoi)
γυμνότατες (gymnótates)
γυμνότατα (gymnótata)
genitive
γυμνότατου (gymnótatou)
γυμνότατης (gymnótatis)
γυμνότατου (gymnótatou)
γυμνότατων (gymnótaton)
γυμνότατων (gymnótaton)
γυμνότατων (gymnótaton)
accusative
γυμνότατο (gymnótato)
γυμνότατη (gymnótati)
γυμνότατο (gymnótato)
γυμνότατους (gymnótatous)
γυμνότατες (gymnótates)
γυμνότατα (gymnótata)
vocative
γυμνότατε (gymnótate)
γυμνότατη (gymnótati)
γυμνότατο (gymnótato)
γυμνότατοι (gymnótatoi)
γυμνότατες (gymnótates)
γυμνότατα (gymnótata) :

#### Derived terms

* γυμνότητα (gymnótita, “nakedness”)
* γυμνισμός (gymnismós, “naturism”)

#### Related terms

    see: γυμνάζω (gymnázo, “to train, to exercise”)