# 禅

| 禅 | U+7985, &#31109; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7985 |
| ← 禄 [U+7984] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禆 → [U+7986] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 禪 |
| Simplified | 禅 |
| Japanese | 禅 |
| Korean | 禪 |

### Glyph origin

Simplified from 禪.
* Simplified from 禪 (示 → 礻 and 單 → 单) (2 strokes on top of phonetic) in simplified Chinese.
* Simplified from 禪 (示 → 礻 and 單 → 単) (3 strokes on top of phonetic) in Japanese shinjitai.

### Han character

禅 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+8 in Chinese, 示+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 戈火金田十 (IFCWJ), composition ⿰礻単(J) or ⿰礻单(G))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 844, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24787
* Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7985

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 禅 – see 禪 (“dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation; Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 禪).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 禅 |
| Kyūjitai | 禪 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禪)
* Chinese emperor sacrifice ceremony
* Chinese emperor abdicating the throne
* meditative concentration
* dhyana, Zen Buddhism

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: しずか (shizuka, 禅)、ゆずる (yuzuru, 禅る)
* Nanori: さとり (satori)、ゆずり (yuzuri)

#### Compounds

* 禅刹(ぜんさつ) (zensatsu)
* 禅師(ぜんじ) (zenji)
* 禅定(ぜんじょう) (zenjō)
* 禅譲(ぜんじょう) (zenjō)
* 禅杖(ぜんじょう) (zenjō)
* 禅僧(ぜんそう) (zensō)
* 禅道(ぜんどう) (zendō)
* 禅那(ぜんな) (zenna)
* 禅味(ぜんみ) (zenmi)
* 禅門(ぜんもん) (zenmon)
* 禅林(ぜんりん) (zenrin)
* 座禅(ざぜん), 坐禅(ざぜん) (zazen, “sitting meditation”)
* 参禅(さんぜん) (sanzen)
* 四禅(しぜん) (shizen)
* 修禅(しゅぜん) (shuzen)
* 受禅(じゅぜん) (juzen)
* 封禅(ほうぜん) (hōzen)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 禅
* ぜん Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 禪 (kyūjitai)
Shortened from 禅那 (zenna, “Zen meditation practice”), from Middle Chinese 禪那 (MC dzyen na), a transliteration of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “profound meditation”). Compare Pali jhāna.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜん [zéꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) ぜん [zèń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

禅(ぜん) • (zen)
* (Buddhism) dhyana-samadhi: This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Synonyms: 禅定 (zenjō), 禅那 (zenna)
* (Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism
* Short for 座禅 (zazen): a sitting position in a Zen meditation

#### Derived terms

* 禅院(ぜんいん) (zen'in)
* 禅客(ぜんかく) (zenkaku), 禅客(ぜんがく) (zengaku)
* 禅宗(ぜんしゅう) (Zenshū)
* 禅寺(ぜんでら) (zendera)
* 禅問答(ぜんもんどう) (zenmondō)
* 蝦蟇禅(がまぜん) (gamazen)
* 吹禅(すいぜん) (suizen, “blowing meditation”)
* 生禅(なまぜん) (namazen)
* 野狐禅(やこぜん) (yakozen, “someone who has not fully attained enlightenment, but puts on airs and becomes self-important as if they have”)

### Proper noun

禅(ぜん) • (Zen)
* (Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism
* a surname

#### Descendants

* → English: Zen
* → French: zen
* → German: Zen
* → Spanish: Zen
* → Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)

### References

* ↑ “禅”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “禅”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “禅”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

## Korean
### Hanja

禅 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
* Zen