OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# airgasm
## English

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### Etymology

From air +‎ -gasm.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* (UK) IPA: /ˈɛəɡaz(ə)m/
* (US) IPA: /ˈɛəɹ.ɡæz.əm/

### Noun

airgasm (countable and uncountable, plural airgasms) (slang)
* Relief or pleasure accompanying an increased quantity of air.
** Exhilaration felt during free fall, such as when skydiving or bungee jumping.
*** 1999, Mark Kingwell, Marginalia: A Cultural Reader, Penguin, →ISBN:Bungee Safaris, an outfit that takes bungee - maniacs to leap off the 238-foot bridge at Chitna, Alaska, knows it very well. "An extreme 'airgasm'!"
*** 2010 June 2, Rivka Solomon, That Takes Ovaries!: Bold Females and Their Brazen Acts, Crown, →ISBN, page 104:"Congratulations," he said. "You just experienced your first airgasm." The sport of skydiving had initiated its newest adrenaline junkie
*** [2013 July 19, James B. Johnson, Lead Me Not: A Romance of Aviation, Wildside Press LLC, →ISBN, page 152:Later she found there was a term called "airgasm" explaining the feeling of free-fall.]
** The act of skydiving naked, in pairs, to have sex and possibly to reach orgasm.
** State provided by the air felt after removing a mask.
    We all have experienced that huge sigh of relief after we take off our masks when we can finally breathe properly. 'Airgasm' is that exact feeling! — india.com
# eksekutif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch executief, from French exécutif, frok Latin executivus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk.səˈku.tɪf/
* Rhymes: -tɪf
* Hyphenation: ek‧sê‧ku‧tif

### Adjective

eksêkutif (comparative lebih eksekutif, superlative paling eksekutif, equative seeksekutif)
* executive
** designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect.
** of, pertaining to, or having responsibility for the day-to-day running of an organisation, business, country, etc.
** exclusive

### Noun

eksêkutif
* executive
** a chief officer or administrator, especially one who can make significant decisions on their own authority.
** the branch of government that is responsible for enforcing laws and judicial decisions, and for the day-to-day administration of the state.
** (computing) a process that coordinates and governs the action of other processes or threads; supervisor.

#### Related terms

* eksekusi
* eksekutor
* eksekutorial

### Further reading

* “eksekutif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Höhle
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German hüle, höle, from Old High German hulī, holī, analyzable as hol (“hollow”) + -ī (“-ness”) (modern hohl +‎ -e), seemingly when a-umlaut was still active.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhøːlə/
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Höhle f (genitive Höhle, plural Höhlen)
* cave
    In der Höhle wurden prähistorische Malereien entdeckt.Prehistoric paintings were found in the cave.
* cavity (of the body)

#### Derived terms

* Bauchhöhle
* Höhle des Löwen
* Höhlenbewohner
* Höhlenmalerei

#### Related terms

* hohl

### Further reading

* “Höhle” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Höhle” in Duden online
* “Höhle” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Höhle”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

### Paronyms

* Hölle
# կլանեմ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* կլնում (klnum)

### Etymology

The root is կուլ- (kul-), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷul- or *gʷl̥h₁-, +‎ -ան- (-an-). Cognate with Latin gula, Proto-Slavic *glъtati, Ancient Greek δέλεαρ (délear, “bait”). Ընկղմեմ (Ənkłmem) may be related.

### Verb

կլանեմ • (klanem)
* (transitive) to swallow; to devour; to ingulf, to absorb
    ոգի կլանել, կլանել զօդս, զշունչ ― ogi klanel, klanel zōds, zšunčʻ ― to breathe, to take breath
    կլանել զբանս ― klanel zbans ― to listen eagerly

#### Derived terms

* ամենակուլ (amenakul)
* անդնդակուլ (andndakul)
* անկլանելի (anklaneli)
* աշխարհակուլ (ašxarhakul)
* առաջնակուլ (aṙaǰnakul)
* գիշերակուլ (gišerakul)
* դժոխակուլ (džoxakul)
* դժուարակլանելի (džuaraklaneli)
* ընկլնում (ənklnum)
* ընկլուզանեմ (ənkluzanem)
* ընկլուզիչ (ənkluzičʻ)
* ընկլուզումն (ənkluzumn)
* ընկլումն (ənklumn)
* լեռնակուլ (leṙnakul)
* խաւարակուլ (xawarakul)
* խնձորակուլ (xnjorakul)
* ծովակուլ (covakul)
* հառաչակուլ (haṙačʻakul)
* հոգեկուլ (hogekul)
* մահակուլ (mahakul)
* ոսկրկուլ (oskrkul)
* ջրակուլ (ǰrakul)
* ջրհեղեղակուլ (ǰrhełełakul)
* օրակուլ (ōrakul)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: կլանել (klanel)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “կուլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կլանեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 380
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կլանեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# မန်ကျည်း
## Burmese
### Pronunciation

* Phonetic respelling: မ'ဂျည်း
* IPA: /məd͡ʑí/
* Romanization: MLCTS: mankyany: • ALA-LC: manʻkyaññʻʺ • BGN/PCGN: măgyi: • Okell: măcì

### Noun

မန်ကျည်း • (mankyany:)
* tamarind (Tamarindus indica); leaves sour.

#### Derived terms

* တောမန်ကျည်း (tau:mankyany:)
* မန်ကျည်းကြက်ဆူ (mankyany:krakhcu)
* မန်ကျည်းသီး (mankyany:si:)
* သင်္ဘောမန်ကျည်း (sangbhau:mankyany:)
* သစ်မန်ကျည်း (sacmankyany:)

### References

* ↑ “မန်ကျည်း” in The Judson Burmese–English Dictionary (Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press 1921), page 745.
* 1 2 Ōno, Tōru (2000) ビルマ(ミャンマー)語辞典 [Burmese dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Daigakushorin, →ISBN, page 511
* ↑ သန်းထွန်း (2003) ကိုးကွယ်ရာအပင်နှင့်ပုံပြင်‎ (in Burmese), ရန်ကုန်: ချိုတေးသံစာပေတိုက်
# 𒁀

| 𒁀 | U+12040, &#73792; CUNEIFORM SIGN BA |
| ← 𒀿 [U+1203F] | Cuneiform | 𒁁 → [U+12041] |

## Translingual
### Cuneiform sign

| 𒁀 | Sign Number |
| MZL | 14 |
| Deimel | 5 |
| HZL | 205 |

### References

* R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Münster (2003)
* A. Deimel, Šumerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
* Chr. Rüster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)

## Akkadian
### Sign values

| Sign | 𒁀 |
| Sumerograms | BA |
| Phonetic values | ba |

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Sumerian 𒁀 (ba, “to give as a gift, to divide up”).

### Logogram

𒁀 • (BA)
* Sumerogram of qiāšum (“to bestow”)
* Sumerogram of zâzum (“to divide up”)

## Sumerian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

𒁀 • (ba)
* allotment, distribution, share

#### Verb

𒁀 • (ba)
* to divide up, allot, distribute, assign
* to give as a gift or a share
* to reduce, diminish, deteriorate

#### Derived terms

* 𒃻𒁀

### Etymology 2

Contraction of 𒁉 (be₂ /⁠be⁠/, “this”) +‎ 𒀀 (a, locative case marker).

#### Determiner

𒁀 • (ba /bâ/)
* locative of 𒁉 (be₂ /⁠be⁠/, “this”)

### Etymology 3

Contraction of 𒁉 (be₂ /⁠be⁠/) and the genitive case marker /-ak/.

#### Determiner

𒁀 • (ba /bâk/)
* genitive of 𒁉 (be₂ /⁠be⁠/, “this”)

#### Pronoun

𒁀 • (ba /bâk/)
* genitive of 𒁉 (be₂ /⁠be⁠/, “its”)

### References

* “𒁀 (ba)” in ePSD2
* Jagersma, Bram (2010) A Descriptive Grammar of Sumerian‎ (doctoral thesis)
# restart
## English
### Etymology

From re- +‎ start.

### Pronunciation

* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/, /ˌɹɪˈstɑɹt/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɹɪˈstɑːt/, /ˈɹiːˌstɑːt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t

### Noun

restart (plural restarts)
* The act of starting something again.
    Synonyms: rebeginning, recommencement, relaunch, revamp
    Coordinate terms: refresh, reload
    After the restart of my browser, the problem went away.
** 1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, page 147:We were stopped by signal soon after this and from the restart we had to lift our vast train up the 1 in 200 to Survilliers.
** 2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport‎:England looked to put width on the ball after the restart, Armitage very nearly going over in the corner only for the video referee to decide his foot was in touch. But Armitage did get on the score-sheet five minutes later, Ben Foden straightening and putting the London Irish man in.

#### Derived terms

* restart kick
* windmill restart

#### Translations
### Verb

restart (third-person singular simple present restarts, present participle restarting, simple past and past participle restarted)
* (transitive, intransitive) To start again.
    Synonyms: rebegin, recommence, reinitiate
    Coordinate terms: refresh, relaunch, reload, revamp
    All attempts to restart the engine failed.
** 1962 May, “Ashchurch to lose another branch service”, in Modern Railways, page 299, photo caption:Another view of Ashchurch station on August 18, 1961, with "Royal Scot" 4-6-0 No. 46148 The Manchester Regiment restarting a Worcester-Cheltenham stopping train and a Class 4 2-6-0 at the branch platform on a train from Redditch.
** 2020 May 20, “Network News: Clas 345s finally able to serve Heathrow Airport”, in Rail, page 15:As of May 12, Crossrail was liaising with contractors to enable physical work at stations to restart. This had been suspended on March 24 due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
* (computing) Synonym of reboot.
    Coordinate terms: refresh, relaunch, reload

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Czech: restartovat

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Tarters, ratters, starter

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English restart.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɛ.start/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛstart
* Syllabification: re‧start

### Noun

restart m inan
* (computing) restart (act of restarting a computer)
    Synonym: reset

#### Derived terms

* restartować impf
* zrestartować pf

### Further reading

* restart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* restart in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# direktur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch directeur, from French directeur, from Late Latin director, directōrem, from Latin directus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [diˈrɛktʊr]
* Hyphenation: di‧rèk‧tur

### Noun

dirèktur (plural direktur-direktur)
* director, the person in charge of managing a department, directorate or project.
** the head of a directorate.
** that which directs or orientates something.
** (seldom) film director
* general manager.
* school principal
    Synonym: kepala sekolah

#### Usage notes

This word seldom used for the person in charge of managing a production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).

#### Alternative forms

* diréktoer (superseded)
* diréktur (superseded)

#### Synonyms

* pengarah

#### Related terms

* direksi
* direktif
* direktorat

### Further reading

* “direktur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mower
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English mowere, equivalent to mow +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈməʊ.ə(ɹ)/
* (US) IPA: /ˈmoʊ.ɚ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊə(ɹ)

### Noun

mower (plural mowers)
* A lawnmower, a machine used to cut grass on lawns.
* A farm machine used in hay production (sickle mower, finger-bar mower).
* A person who cuts grass.

#### Derived terms

* cylinder mower
* lawn-mower
* lawn mower
* mulching mower
* push mower
* reel mower
* riding mower
* vertical mower
* water mower

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Womer, remow, worme
# ઈસ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀈𑀲𑀸 (īsā), from Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā́), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HiHsáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHsáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂iHséh₂ (“shaft”). Cognate with Assamese ঈহ (ih).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈis/
* Rhymes: -is
* Hyphenation: ઈસ

### Noun

ઈસ • (īsa) f
* side piece of a cot

#### Derived terms

* ઈસોટો (īsoṭo)

#### Descendants

* → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ايس (īsa)
    Devanagari script: ईस (īsa)

#### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “īṣā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# iddia
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic اِدِّعَاء (iddiʕāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

iddia (definite accusative iddianı, plural iddialar)
* assertion, statement (declaration or remark)
* claim (demand for one's rights, or for someone/something one thinks they have the right to).
    ərazi iddialar ― territorial claims
    əsassız iddialar ― baseless claims
* (law) suit, action
* bid (an offer to carry out a piece of work)
    Synonym: təklif
* pride, hubris, arrogance (act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner)

#### Declension
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ادعا (iddi'a), from Arabic اِدِّعَاء (iddiʕāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /id.di.aː/
* (colloquial) IPA: /id.d(ɪ)ɐː/

### Noun

iddia (definite accusative iddiayı, plural iddialar)
* assertation, statement (declaration or remark)
    iddia etmek ― to assert
    iddiada bulunmak ― to assert
* bet (a kind of gamble)
    iddiaya/iddiasına girmek ― to enter a bet
    İddiaya/İddiasına var mısın? ― Do you want to bet?
    200 lirasına iddia ― bet for 20 liras

#### Synonyms

(1) sav

#### Derived terms

* iddia etmek
* iddialı
* iddianame
# MIR
## English
### Noun

MIR (countable and uncountable, plural MIRs)
* (marketing) Synonym of mail-in rebate
* (uncountable) Abbreviation of mid infrared or mid-infrared radiation.
    Synonyms: mid-infrared, mid-IR, middle IR, middle infrared, middle infrared radiation
    Hypernyms: IR, EMR

#### Related terms

* FIR
* IR
* LWIR
* MUV (mid-UV)
* MWIR
* NIR
* SWIR
* VLWIR
* VSWIR

### Anagrams

* IRM, MRI, RMI, rim

## Spanish
### Proper noun

MIR m
* Initialism of Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria.

### Noun

MIR m or f by sense (plural MIR)
* Alternative letter-case form of mir
# reisn
## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* roasn (West Central Bavarian)

### Etymology

From Middle High German reisen, from Old High German reisōn, from Proto-West Germanic *raisōn, from *raisu (“journey”) +‎ *-ōn, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise; arise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑɛ̯sn̩/
* IPA: /ˈræːsn̩/ (Vienna)
* Homophone: Reisn

### Verb

reisn (past participle greist) (East Central Bavarian, Vienna)
* (intransitive) to travel [auxiliary sei]

#### Derived terms

* ausreisn
* durchreisn
* eireisn
* mitreisn
* oreisn
* verreisn
* weiderreisn
* zruckreisn
* åreisn

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reistn/

### Noun

reisn f (genitive singular reisnar, no plural)
* grandeur, magnificence; the state of being grand or splendid
    Synonym: mikilleiki
* dignity, worth
    Synonym: virðuleiki
* erection,
    Synonym: standpína

#### See also

* reisa
* uppreisn
# zera
## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̻eɾa/ [s̻e.ɾa]
* IPA: (most dialects) /s̻eɾa/ [s̻e.ɾa]
* IPA: (Biscayan) /s̺eɾa/ [s̺e.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Hyphenation: ze‧ra

### Etymology 1

Probably from zer (“what”) +‎ -a, literally “the what”.

#### Noun

zera inan
* thing, thingy
* (psychoanalysis) id

##### Derived terms

* baita zera ere (“c'mon!”)
* zeratu

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

zera
* allative singular of ze

### Further reading

* “zera”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “zera”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Gallurese
### Pronunciation

* (Aggius) IPA: /ˈt͡sera/

### Noun

zera f (plural zeri)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of cera (“wax. beeswax”)

### References

* ↑ Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse (in Gallurese), Editrice Taphros, →ISBN

## Latin
### Noun

zera
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of zerum

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɛ.ra/
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Syllabification: ze‧ra

### Noun

zera n
* inflection of zero:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Portuguese
### Verb

zera
* inflection of zerar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Sassarese
### Alternative forms

* cera (Castelsardo)

### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Latin cēra, probably a borrowing from a substrate language.

### Pronunciation

* (Turritan, Sedini) IPA: /ˈt͡sera/

### Noun

zera f (plural zeri)
* wax. beeswax

### References

* ↑ Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse (in Sassarese), Editrice Taphros, →ISBN
# प्राञ्च्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* প্ৰাঞ্চ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬜ᭄ᬘ᭄ (Balinese script)
* প্রাঞ্চ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰗𑰿𑰓𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁆𑀘𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ပြာဉ္စ် (Burmese script)
* પ્રાઞ્ચ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਪ੍ਰਾਞ੍ਚ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌞𑍍𑌚𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦿꦴꦚ꧀ꦕ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂖𑂹𑂒𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಪ್ರಾಞ್ಚ್ (Kannada script)
* ប្រាញ្ច៑ (Khmer script)
* ປ຺ຣາຎ຺ຈ຺ (Lao script)
* പ്രാഞ്ച് (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᡳᠶᢜ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘗𑘿𑘓𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠷᠠᢗᡛᢋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦷𑧠𑦳𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐘𑑂𑐔𑑂 (Newa script)
* ପ୍ରାଞ୍ଚ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢦ꣄ꢬꢵꢛ꣄ꢗ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆚𑇀𑆖𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖗𑖿𑖓𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ප්‍රාඤ්‍ච් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩥 𑪙𑩡 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚓𑚶𑚏𑚶 (Takri script)
* ப்ராஞ்ச் (Tamil script)
* ప్రాఞ్చ్ (Telugu script)
* ปฺราญฺจฺ (Thai script)
* པྲཱ་ཉྩ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒘𑓂𑒔𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨓𑩇𑨣𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

प्र- (pra-) +‎ अञ्च् (añc, “turned to, going towards”)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɾɑ́ːɲt͡ɕ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /pɾɑːɲt͡ɕ/

### Adjective

प्राञ्च् • (prā́ñc) stem
* directed forwards, being in front
* eastern
* (in the plural) the people of the east
* previous, former

#### Derived terms

* प्राक्तन (prāktana)
* प्राचीन (prācī́na)
* प्राच्य (prācyà)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “प्राञ्च्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 703, column 3.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “प्राञ्च्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
# rezim
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* rejim (Malay)

### Etymology

From Dutch regime, from French régime, from Latin regimen (“direction, government”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɛ.zɪm]
* Hyphenation: rè‧zim

### Noun

rezim or rèzim
* regime,
** mode of rule or management.
** a form of government, or the government in power.
** undemocratic political order or government.

#### Related terms

* resimen

### Further reading

* “rezim” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# aparatur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch apparatuur, from German Apparatur, from Latin apparātūra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [apaˈra.tʊr]
* Hyphenation: apa‧ra‧tur

### Noun

aparatur
* apparatus, staff who work directly on maintaining operations; in particular those of a bureaucracy.
    Pemerintah tegaskan larangan mudik bagi aparatur sipil negara ― Government affirm mudik ban for government civil apparatus.

#### Related terms

* aparat
* aparatus

### Further reading

* “aparatur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# realist
## English
### Etymology 1

From real +‎ -ist.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɹɪəlɪst/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

realist (plural realists)
* (philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.
** 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.19:Aristotle's own doctrine is far from clear. It was this lack of clarity that made possible the medieval controversy between nominalists and realists.
* (art, literature) An adherent of the realism movement; an artist who seeks to portray real everyday life accurately.
* One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.

##### Synonyms

* real-worlder

##### Antonyms

* idealist, fantasist, Cloudcuckoolander

##### Derived terms

* magical realist
* magic realist
* naive realist
* naïve realist
* new realist
* race realist
* socialist realist

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

realist
* Eye dialect spelling of realest.
    He's the realist dude I know.

### Anagrams

* A-lister, Altiers, Lasiter, Raelist, airtels, railest, retails, saltier, saltire, slatier, tailers

## Danish
### Etymology

From French réaliste (“realist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /realist/, [ʁɛaˈlisd̥]

### Noun

realist c (singular definite realisten, plural indefinite realister)
* realist

#### Related terms

* realisme
* realistisk

### Further reading

* “realist” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French réaliste. Equivalent to reëel +‎ -ist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌreː.aːˈlɪst/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: re‧a‧list
* Rhymes: -ɪst

### Noun

realist m (plural realisten, diminutive realistje n)
* realist (someone with concern for fact and reality)
* (art) realist (artist who seeks to faithfully represent reality)
* (philosophy) realist (one who thinks that universals are real)
    Synonym: aristotelist
* (sciences, philosophy) realist (one of the view that an external reality exists independent of observation)
* (geopolitics) realist (advocate of the doctrine in international relations that prioritises the pursuit of power over the implementation of ideals)
    Synonym: realpolitiker

#### Related terms

* realisme
* realistisch
* reëel

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: realis
* → Indonesian: realis

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French réaliste.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

realist m or n (feminine singular realistă, masculine plural realiști, feminine and neuter plural realiste)
* realistic

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

realist m (Cyrillic spelling реалист)
* realist

## Swedish
### Noun

realist c
* a realist; a realistic person; a follower of realism

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | realist | realists |
| singular | definite | realisten | realistens |
| plural | indefinite | realister | realisters |
| plural | definite | realisterna | realisternas |

#### Related terms

* realism
* realistisk

### References

* Realist in Svenska Akademiens ordlista öfver svenska språket (6th ed., 1889)