# navis
## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *naus ~ *nāwis, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us, cognate with Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs, “ship”), Armenian նավ (nav, “ship or boat”), Persian ناو (nâv), and Sanskrit नौ (nau, “ship”).

#### Alternative forms

* nauis (typographical variant)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈnaː.u̯is/, [ˈnäːu̯ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈna.vis/, [ˈnäːvis]

#### Noun

nāvis f (genitive nāvis); third declension, i-stem
* ship, boat, vessel; a fleet in the plural
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.120–122:Iam validam Īlioneī nāvem, iam fortis Achātī, et quā vectus Abās, et quā grandaevus Alētēs, vīcit hiems [...].Now the sturdy ship of Ilioneus, now [the ship] of brave Achates, and [that ship] by which Abas has been carried, and [that ship] by which old Aletes [has been carried]: the storm defeats [them all]. (The storm at sea destroys the Trojan fleet; the passage exemplifies ellipsis, since it refers to four different ships, yet uses the word “navem” only once.)
** c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 5.43.2:Nāvis, quae in flūmine magna est, in marī parvula est.A ship, which is big in a river, is tiny in a sea.
* nave (middle or body of a church)

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

##### Derived terms

* nāvālis
* nāvia
* nāvicella
* nāvicula
* nāviculāris
* nāviculārius
* nāviculor
* nāvifragus
* nāvigābilis
* nāvigātiō
* nāvigātor
* nāviger
* nāvigium
* nāvigō
* nāvis longa

##### Related terms

* nauta

##### Descendants

* Aromanian: nai
* Asturian: nave
* Friulian: nâf, nâv
* Galician: nave
* Italian: nave
** → Slavomolisano: nava
* Old French: nef, naf, nau
** Middle French: nef, nau (Parisian dialect)
*** French: nef (obsolete or poetic)
**** → Breton: nev
**** → English: nef
*** Norman: nef
** Poitevin-Saintongeais: nau
* Old Occitan: nau
** Catalan: nau
*** → Portuguese: nau, nao (obsolete)
**** → English: nau
*** → Spanish: nao
** Occitan: nau
* Piedmontese: nav
* Portuguese: nave
* Romanian: naie, navă
* Romansch: nav, nev
* Sardinian: nae, nai, nave, navi
* Sicilian: navi
* Spanish: nave
* Venetan: nave
* → English: nave
* → Ido: navo

### Etymology 2

Inflected form of nāvus (“active, diligent”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈnaː.u̯iːs/, [ˈnäːu̯iːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈna.vis/, [ˈnäːvis]

#### Adjective

nāvīs
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of nāvus

### References

* “navis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “navis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* navis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* navis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to have a powerful navy: navibus plurimum posse much damage was done by this collision: ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum (ambiguous) a cutter: navis actuaria (ambiguous) a man-of-war: navis longa (ambiguous) a transport or cargo-boat: navis oneraria (ambiguous) a merchantman: navis mercatoria (ambiguous) to build a ship, a fleet: navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere (ambiguous) to equip a boat, a fleet: navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere (ambiguous) to launch a boat: navem deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) (ambiguous) to haul up a boat: navem subducere (in aridum) (ambiguous) to repair a boat: navem reficere (ambiguous) to embark: navem conscendere, ascendere (ambiguous) to embark an army: exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19) (ambiguous) ships of last year: naves annotinae (ambiguous) to weigh anchor, sail: navem (naves) solvere (ambiguous) the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt (ambiguous) to row: navem remis agere or propellere (ambiguous) to row hard: navem remis concitare, incitare (ambiguous) to back water: navem retro inhibere (Att. 13. 21) (ambiguous) the ship strikes on the rocks: navis ad scopulos alliditur (B. C. 3. 27) (ambiguous) to land (of people): appellere navem (ad terram, litus) (ambiguous) to make fast boats to anchors: naves ad ancoras deligare (B. G. 4. 29) (ambiguous) to make fast boats to anchors: naves (classem) constituere (in alto) (ambiguous) to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi (ambiguous) the admiral's ship; the flagship: navis praetoria (Liv. 21. 49) (ambiguous) to clear for action: navem expedire (ambiguous) to charge, ram a boat: navem rostro percutere (ambiguous) to board and capture a boat: navem expugnare (ambiguous) to sink a ship, a fleet: navem, classem deprimere, mergere (ambiguous) to throw grappling irons on board; to board: copulas, manus ferreas (in navem) inicere (ambiguous) to throw grappling irons on board; to board: in navem (hostium) transcendere (ambiguous) to capture a boat: navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere
* “navis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “navis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin