# 膠菜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jiāocài
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄘㄞˋ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ciau-tshe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāocài
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jiaocài
*** Wade–Giles: Chiao$^1$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: Jyāu-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiautsay
*** Palladius: Цзяоцай (Czjaocaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ciau-tshe
*** MiniDict: ciau$^平$ tshe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jiau-tshe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡sʰe²¹/

### Noun

膠菜
* (chiefly Wu) napa cabbage
    From: 1926 October 12, 魯迅 (Lu Xun),《藤野先生》, translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang
    Dàgài shì wùyǐxīwéiguì ba. Běijīng de báicài yùnwǎng Zhèjiāng, biàn yòng hóng tóushéng xì zhù càigēn, dàoguà zài shuǐguǒdiàn tóu, zūn wéi “jiāocài”; Fújiàn yěshēng-zhe de lúhuì, yī dào Běijīng jiù qǐng jìn wēnshì, qiě měiqímíngyuē “lóngshélán”. [Pinyin]
    No doubt the rarer a thing the higher its value. When Peking cabbage is shipped to Zhejiang, it is hung upside-down in the greengrocer’s by a red string tied to its root, and given the grand title “Shangdong Vegetable.” When the aloe which grows wild in Fujian comes to Peking, it is ushered into a hothouse and given the beautiful name “Dragon-Tongue Orchid.”

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 菘菜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 大白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 捲心白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 黃芽白, 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 京白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 包頭白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 大白菜, 京白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 黃芽菜, 大白菜, 白菜 in names of dishes |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 黃芽菜, 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 黃芽菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 大白菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 龍芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 龍芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 龍芽白 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 黃牛白 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 黃牛白 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 大白菜 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 黃芽白, 紹菜, 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 包心白 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 龍芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 京白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 京白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 大白菜, 竹筒白 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 黃芽白, 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 包頭白 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 大頭白 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 大白菜, 涼芽白 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 包菜 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 大白菜 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 黃芽白 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 紹白, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 紹菜, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 紹菜, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 黃芽白, 包心白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 黃芽白, 芽白 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 紹菜 |
| Hakka | Changting | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 黃嫲白 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 白菜包 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Zhongshan) | 包心白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 山東白 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 京白菜 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 京白菜 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 包菜 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 大白菜 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 白菜 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 白菜, 包頭白, 大白菜 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 白菜 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 白菜 |
| Jin | Datong | 白菜 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 白菜 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 白菜 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 白菜 |
| Jin | Linhe | 白菜 |
| Jin | Jining | 白菜 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 白菜 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 白菜 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 白菜 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 白菜 |
| Jin | Handan | 白菜, 黃菜 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 桶哦菜 |
| Jin | Suide | 白菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 白菜, 山東白菜 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 白菜, 山東白, 捲心白 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 白菜, 山東白仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 白菜, 東白仔, 包心白仔, 捲心白仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 白菜, 山東白, 包心白 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 王白菜, 王白, 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 大白菜 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 白菜, 王精白, 大白菜 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 芽白菜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 白菜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 紹菜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 天津菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 白菜, 大白菜, 京白菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 京白菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 京白菜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 黃芽白 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 黃芽白 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 黃芽菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 大白菜, 白菜, 黃芽菜, 膠菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 黃芽菜, 黃秸菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 白菜, 膠菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 白菜, 黃芽菜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 膠菜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 白菜, 黃葉菜, 山東菜, 筒菜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 白菜, 膠菜, 黃芽菜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 黃芽白, 芽白 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 黃牛白, 高腳白 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 白菜 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 黃芽白 |