# 椎

| 椎 | U+690E, &#26894; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690E |
| ← 植 [U+690D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 椏 → [U+690F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

椎 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木人土 (DOG), four-corner 4091$_4$, composition ⿰木隹)

#### Derived characters

* 𩠳, 𱾝, 𥴛, 𢡫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 536, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15024
* Dae Jaweon: page 924, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1233, character 10
* Unihan data for U+690E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蜼 | *lus, *rulʔ, *luls |
| 堆 | *tuːl |
| 嵟 | *tuːl |
| 碓 | *tuːls |
| 推 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul |
| 蓷 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul |
| 陮 | *duːlʔ |
| 魋 | *duːl |
| 嶊 | *stuːlʔ |
| 崔 | *zluːl, *sʰluːl |
| 猚 | *ŋreːl, *rulʔ |
| 椎 | *dul |
| 顀 | *dul |
| 隹 | *tjul |
| 錐 | *tjul |
| 萑 | *kljul |
| 騅 | *tjul |
| 鵻 | *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul |
| 誰 | *djul |
| 脽 | *djul |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuī (zhui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chui
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
*** Wade–Giles: chui$^1$
*** Yale: jwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
*** Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^1$
*** Yale: jēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chui
*** Tâi-lô: tsui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sui⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

椎
* vertebra

#### Compounds

* 回椎 (huíchuí)
* 圓椎 / 圆椎 (yuánzhuī)
* 尾椎 (wěizhuī)
* 尾椎骨
* 椎子
* 椎孔 (zhuīkǒng)
* 椎間板 / 椎间板
* 椎間盤 / 椎间盘 (zhuījiānpán)
* 椎骨 (zhuīgǔ)
* 胸椎 (xiōngzhuī)
* 脊椎
* 脊椎動物 / 脊椎动物
* 脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
* 腰椎 (yāozhuī)
* 腰椎神經 / 腰椎神经
* 腰椎穿刺 (yāozhuī chuāncì)
* 頸椎 / 颈椎 (jǐngzhuī)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuī (zhui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
*** Wade–Giles: chui$^1$
*** Yale: jwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
*** Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^1$
*** Yale: jēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

椎
* chinquapin (Castanopsis)

#### Compounds

* 椎茸 (zhuīróng)

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuí, zhuī (chui$^2$, zhui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ, ㄓㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻui$^2$
*** Yale: chwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
*** Palladius: чуй (čuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
*** Wade–Giles: chui$^1$
*** Yale: jwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
*** Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$
*** Yale: chèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: drwij
Rime :
| Character | 椎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直追切 |
| Baxter | drwij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiuɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖʷᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjwi/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjui/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡwi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱwi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.druj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dul/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 椎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drwij › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.druj/ |
| English | hammer |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 椎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17716 |
| Phonetic component | 隹 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鎚 |
| Old Chinese | /*dul/ |

#### Definitions

椎
* hammer; mallet
* to pound; to beat
* (archaic) simple-minded; slow-witted

#### Compounds

* 剝膚椎髓 / 剥肤椎髓
* 博浪飛椎 / 博浪飞椎
* 打熱椎 / 打热椎
* 椎埋
* 椎床倒枕
* 椎心
* 椎心泣血
* 椎心蝕骨 / 椎心蚀骨
* 椎拍輐斷 / 椎拍𰺇断
* 椎棒
* 椎牛饗士 / 椎牛飨士
* 椎秦
* 椎輪 / 椎轮
* 椎輪大輅 / 椎轮大辂
* 椎髻
* 椎魯 / 椎鲁
* 泣血椎心
* 鏈椎 / 链椎

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: すい (sui)、ずい (zui)
* Kan-on: すい (sui)、つい (tsui, Jōyō)
* Kun: つち (tsuchi, 椎)、うつ (utsu, 椎つ)、しい (shī, 椎)

#### Compounds

* 椎(つい)間(かん)板(ばん) (tsuikanban): intervertebral disc
* 椎(つい)骨(こつ) (tsuikotsu): vertebra

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 椎
* しい Grade: S
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しい [shíꜜì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕiː]

### Noun

椎(しい) or 椎(シイ) • (shī)
* chinquapin, a tree of the genus Castanopsis

#### Derived terms

* 椎(しい)茸(たけ) (shītake): shiitake
* 椎鈍(しいにび) (shīnibi)
* 円(つぶら)椎(じい) (tsuburajī): shii tree

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 椎 (MC drwij). Recorded as Middle Korean 퇴 (thwoy) (Yale: thwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 椎 (eumhun 몽치 추 (mongchi chu))
* hanja form of 추 (“mallet”)
* hanja form of 추 (“(anatomy) spine”)

#### Compounds

* 경추 (頸椎, gyeongchu)
* 미추 (尾椎, michu)
* 요추 (腰椎, yochu)
* 척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
* 추골 (椎骨, chugol)
* 흉추 (胸椎, hyungchu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

椎: Hán Nôm readings: chòi, choi, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, truy, chuy
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.