# viens
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vjɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

viens
* inflection of venir:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

#### Usage notes

* Commonly used in the spoken language instead of the more formal-sounding first-person plural imperative in structures like "viens, on dort" (instead of "dormons", meaning "(come on,) let's sleep") when speaking to one person.

## Latin
### Etymology

Present participle of vieō

### Participle

viēns (genitive vientis); third-declension one-termination participle
* bending

#### Declension

Third-declension participle.
$^1$When used purely as an adjective.

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *eynos (with ey > ie metathesis; note that some 17th-century Kurzeme and Zemgale dialects still had some forms with ey), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aiˀnas, from a Proto-Indo-European *éyno-, *éynos, from *éy, *óy (“he, it”) (non-Baltic cognates derive from o-grade *óy; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”)) with a suffix *-nos, which originally had an adjectival meaning.
The Eastern Baltic cognates (unlike Old Prussian) have an initial v, which suggests an intermediate Eastern Baltic form *weynos. This initial *w may result from sporadic word-initial consonant-joining phenomena, or from a possible particle *w-, *we-.
Cognates of viens include Lithuanian víenas, Old Prussian ains, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains), German eins, English one, Old Irish oín, Ancient Greek οἰνός (oinós, “one (when throwing dice)”), Latin ūnus (< *oinos). From the form *eynos comes also Proto-Slavic *inъ, *edinъ, *edьnъ (“one”) (Old Church Slavonic ѥдинъ (jedinŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ), Ukrainian, Russian оди́н (odín), Belarusian адзі́н (adzín), Bulgarian еди́н (edín), Czech, Slovak, Polish jeden.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [viɛ̯ns]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Numeral

viens
* one (the cipher, the cardinal number one)
    pieci un viens ir seši ― five and one is six
    no diviem atņemt vienu ― to subtract one from two
* one (an amount equal to one)
    viens galds, zimulis ― one table, pencil
    viena tonna ― one ton
    viens kilograms, litrs, metrs ― one kilo, liter, meter
    vieni vārti, svārki, rati ― one gate, skirt, cart
    vienas mājas, bikses ― one home, one pair of pants
    pirms viena gada ― one year ago
    nosvērt vienu kilogramu sviesta ― to weigh one kilo of butter
* one o'clock (a moment in time; one hour after midnight, or after noon)
    pulkstenis ir viens ― it is one o'clock
    pulkstenis ir pāri vieniem ― it is past one o'clock
    no vieniem līdz diviem ― from one to two o'clock
    vilciens pienāk vienos ― the train arrives at one o'clock
* (arithmetic, used as a noun) one, unit (the digit in the last position in a number)
    saskaitīt vienus ar vieniem, desmitus ar desmitiem ― to add the ones with the ones, the tens with the tens
* (used as a noun) one (person, thing, event, action)
    visi par vienu, viens par visiem ― all for one and one for all
    visi kā viens ― all as one
    viens, kas man rūp, ir laika trūkums ― one (thing) I care about is the lack of time
    runāt vienu, bet darīt (ko) citu ― to say one (thing) and do another
    viena dziedāja, otra spēlēja ― one (girl) is drawing, the other is playing
* one, a certain (marking indefiniteness)
    vienā jaukā dienā ― (in) one nice, fine day
    tur jūs viens gaida ― one (person) is waiting for you there
* the same (indicating identity, sameness)
    viens un tas pats ― one and the same
    atkārtot vienu un to pašu ― to repeat the same thing
    vienā laikā ― at the same time
    vienā ritmā ― in the same rhythm
    būt vienos gados ― to be of the same age
    abi domāja vienu domu ― both are thinking the same thought
    viena lieluma priekšmeti ― objects of the same size
* alone, by oneself, without the help of others
    viens pats, viena pati ― alone by himself, alone by herself
    viņš dzivo gluži viens ― he lives completely alone
    mēs ar brāli palikām vieni ― I stayed alone with my brother
* (with otrs) one or other, some, a few (people, objects, events)
    viens otrs to apšauba ― a few (people) doubt it.
    vienā otrā' gadījumā, vietā — ín a few cases, places
* (with otrs, in different cases) each other, one another (indicating mutual relations, influence)
    cienīt vienam otru ― to respect each other
    viņi tuliņ pazina viens otru ― they immediately recognized each other
    viņi palīdz viens otram ― they help each other
    iet viens aiz otra ― to go one after another
    labi izturēties vienam pret otram ― to treat each other well
* (with no) one of the... (member of a certain group)
    viņš ir viens no labākajiem mūsdienu rakstniekiem ― he is one of the best contemporary writers
    tas ir viens no tiem gadījumiem, kas liek padomāt ― this is one of those cases that make one think
    viens no diviem - jā vai nē ― either yes or no (lit. one of two (options): yes or no)
* one, in one (indicating continuity, lack of interruption)
    zirgs ir vienās putās ― the horse is in a lather, agitated
    māja stāv vienās liesmās ― the house is in one flame (= aflame, in flames, on fire)
    runāt vienā gabalā ― to speak in one piece (= without interruption)
    dzīvot vienās bailēs ― to live in one fear (= constantly in fear)
* one, one really... (used to intensify the meaning)
    viņš ir viens kārtīgs cilvēks ― he is one (really) neat person
    ak tu viens palaidni! ― oh you (are) one mischievous (person)!
    tā mūsu Beņa ir gan viena! ko tik viņa sadomā, to izdara, lai vai kas... ― our Beņa is really one (woman)! whatever she fancies, she does, no matter what...

#### Usage notes

Usually, only the singular forms of viens are used; the plural forms only occur with plural-only words (“pluralia tantum“). Also, in time expressions, the singular viens is used in “it is one o'clock,” but the plural form vieniem is used with postpositions (note also the simple locative plural form vienos “at one o'clock”).

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | nulle | viens | divi | trīs | četri | pieci | seši | septiņi | astoņi | deviņi |
| 1— | desmit | vienpadsmit | divpadsmit | trīspadsmit | četrpadsmit | piecpadsmit | sešpadsmit | septiņpadsmit | astoņpadsmit | deviņpadsmit |
| 2— | divdesmit | divdesmit viens | divdesmit divi | divdesmit trīs | divdesmit četri | divdesmit pieci | divdesmit seši | divdesmit septiņi | divdesmit astoņi | divdesmit deviņi |
| 3— | trīsdesmit | trīsdesmit viens | trīsdesmit divi | trīsdesmit trīs | trīsdesmit četri | trīsdesmit pieci | trīsdesmit seši | trīsdesmit septiņi | trīsdesmit astoņi | trīsdesmit deviņi |
| 4— | četrdesmit | četrdesmit viens | četrdesmit divi | četrdesmit trīs | četrdesmit četri | četrdesmit pieci | četrdesmit seši | četrdesmit septiņi | četrdesmit astoņi | četrdesmit deviņi |
| 5— | piecdesmit | piecdesmit viens | piecdesmit divi | piecdesmit trīs | piecdesmit četri | piecdesmit pieci | piecdesmit seši | piecdesmit septiņi | piecdesmit astoņi | piecdesmit deviņi |
| 6— | sešdesmit | sešdesmit viens | sešdesmit divi | sešdesmit trīs | sešdesmit četri | sešdesmit pieci | sešdesmit seši | sešdesmit septiņi | sešdesmit astoņi | sešdesmit deviņi |
| 7— | septiņdesmit | septiņdesmit viens | septiņdesmit divi | septiņdesmit trīs | septiņdesmit četri | septiņdesmit pieci | septiņdesmit seši | septiņdesmit septiņi | septiņdesmit astoņi | septiņdesmit deviņi |
| 8— | astoņdesmit | astoņdesmit viens | astoņdesmit divi | astoņdesmit trīs | astoņdesmit četri | astoņdesmit pieci | astoņdesmit seši | astoņdesmit septiņi | astoņdesmit astoņi | astoņdesmit deviņi |
| 9— | deviņdesmit | deviņdesmit viens | deviņdesmit divi | deviņdesmit trīs | deviņdesmit četri | deviņdesmit pieci | deviņdesmit seši | deviņdesmit septiņi | deviņdesmit astoņi | deviņdesmit deviņi |

#### Derived terms

* arvien
* vien
* vienāds
* vienīgs
* vienmēr
* vienot
* vienskaitlis

#### See also

* skaitlis

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “viens”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN