# 叩

| 叩 | U+53E9, &#21481; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E9 |
| ← 叨 [U+53E8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 只 → [U+53EA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

叩 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中 (RSL), four-corner 6702$_0$, composition ⿰口卩)

#### Derived characters

* 𮇍, 𬦨, 𭈨, 𰌺, 命, 𠭞, 𦱡, 𭀾, 𬫈, 𬫜, 𮖰

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3238
* Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 573, character 3
* Unihan data for U+53E9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 口 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 叩 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 扣 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs |
| 釦 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 筘 | *kʰoːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːʔ) : phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ) + semantic 卩. The semantic component 卩 depicts a kneeling human.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kòu (kou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khàu / khiò
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kheu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
*** Wade–Giles: kʻou$^4$
*** Yale: kòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
*** Palladius: коу (kou)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kau$^3$
*** Yale: kau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐu̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu / khiò
*** Tâi-lô: khàu / khiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qaux, qioix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/, /kʰio⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰau¹¹/, /kʰio¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰiɤ²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$kheu
*** MiniDict: kheu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$kheu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɤ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khuwX
Rime :
| Character | 叩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦后切 |
| Baxter | khuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰəu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ/, /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 叩 | 叩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kǒu | kòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khuw$^X$ › | ‹ khuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/ | /*kʰˁ(r)oʔ-s/ |
| English | strike | strike (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 叩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7491 |
| Phonetic component | 口 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 口 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːʔ/ |

### Definitions

叩
* to knock; to strike
* to kowtow; to bow
* (literary) to enquire; to ask
* Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
* 以莛叩鐘 / 以莛叩钟
* 叩人心弦
* 叩叩
* 叩應 / 叩应 (kòuyìng)
* 叩拜 (kòubài)
* 叩見 / 叩见
* 叩謝 / 叩谢 (kòuxiè)
* 叩門 / 叩门 (kòumén)
* 叩閽 / 叩阍
* 叩關 / 叩关
* 叩頭 / 叩头 (kòutóu)
* 叩頭蟲 / 叩头虫 (kòutóuchóng)
* 叩首 (kòushǒu)
* 叩馬 / 叩马
* 叩齒 / 叩齿
* 瀝血叩心 / 沥血叩心
* 稟叩 / 禀叩
* 線上叩應 / 线上叩应
* 號天叩地 / 号天叩地

#### References

* (Min Nan) “Entry #1409”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to knock; to strike

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: たたく (tataku, 叩く)、はたく (hataku, 叩く)

#### Compounds

* 叩(こう)解(かい) (kōkai)
* 叩(こう)首(しゅ) (kōshu)
* 叩(こう)打(だ) (kōda)
* 叩(こう)頭(とう) (kōtō)
* 叩(こう)扉(ひ) (kōhi)

## Korean
### Hanja

叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たたきぃ (tataksï, 叩きぃ)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たたちゅん (tatachun, 叩ちゅん)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

叩: Hán Nôm readings: khấu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yaeyama
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: たたぐん (tatagun, 叩ぐん)