OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# réalta
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish rétlu, from Old Irish rétglu.

#### Noun

réalta f (genitive singular réalta, nominative plural réaltaí)
* star
** 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.[original: Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.]
* star (person)
* plural of réalt

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
réalta
réaltaí
vocative
a réalta
a réaltaí
genitive
réalta
réaltaí
dative
réalta
réaltaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an réalta
na réaltaí
genitive
na réalta
na réaltaí
dative
leis an réalta don réalta
leis na réaltaí :

##### Alternative forms

* réalt

##### Derived terms

* abhacréalta (“dwarf star”)
* am na réaltaí (“sidereal time”)
* réalt- (“astro-”)
* réalta an mhadra (“the dog-star, Sirius”)
* réalta charbóin (“carbon star”)
* réalta dhúbailte (“double star”)
* réalta eolais (“guiding star, lodestar”)
* réalta na maidine (“the morning star”)
* réalta reatha (“shooting star”)
* réalta scannán (“film-star”)
* réalta sheasta (“fixed star”)
* réaltach (“starry; stellar, sidereal”)
* réaltbhuíon (“constellation”)
* réalteolaíocht (“astronomy”)
* réaltóg (“star”) (symbol)
* réaltra (“galaxy”)
* réaltúil (“stellate”)
* réiltín (“asterisk; star”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

réalta
* past participle of réal

##### Derived terms

* foréalta (“underdeveloped”)

#### Adjective

réalta
* clear, manifest
* real

##### Alternative forms

* réaltach

#### Noun

réalta m
* genitive singular of réaladh

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “réalta”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# Fassung
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German fazzunge, vazzunge, from Old High German fazzunga, equivalent to fassen +‎ -ung. Cognate with Middle Low German vātinge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfasʊŋ/
* Hyphenation: Fas‧sung
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Fassung f (genitive Fassung, plural Fassungen)
* a device which holds something else, e.g. a socket for a lightbulb, the setting of a jewel etc.
* version
    Der Autor hat eine neue Fassung des Stückes geschrieben, da die erste kein Erfolg war.The author has written a new version of the play, since the first one was no success.
* composure, self-control
    die Fassung verlieren ― to lose one’s composure, get uncontrollably angry
    die Fassung bewahren ― to keep one’s composure, to suppress one’s emotions

#### Derived terms

* Brillenfassung
* Druckfassung
* fassungslos
* Fassungsvermögen
* Kinofassung
* Kurzfassung
* Langfassung
* Originalfassung
* Textfassung
* Verfassung
* Zusammenfassung

### Further reading

* “Fassung” in Duden online
* “Fassung” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# हिण्ड्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হিণ্ড্ (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬶᬡ᭄ᬟ᭄ (Balinese script)
* হিণ্ড্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰰𑰜𑰿𑰚𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀟𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဟိဏ္ဍ် (Burmese script)
* હિણ્ડ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਹਿਣ੍ਡ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑌿𑌣𑍍𑌡𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦶꦟ꧀ꦝ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑂱𑂝𑂹𑂙𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಹಿಣ್ಡ್ (Kannada script)
* ហិណ្ឌ៑ (Khmer script)
* ຫິຓ຺ຑ຺ (Lao script)
* ഹിണ്ഡ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᡳᢏᡷ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘱𑘜𑘿𑘚𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠢᢏᢎ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧒𑦼𑧠𑦺𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐶𑐞𑑂𑐜𑑂 (Newa script)
* ହିଣ୍ଡ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢲꢶꢠ꣄ꢞ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆴𑆟𑇀𑆝𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖰𑖜𑖿𑖚𑖿 (Siddham script)
* හිණ‍්ඩ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑩑𑩪 𑪙𑩨 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚮𑚘𑚶𑚖𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஹிண்ட்³ (Tamil script)
* హిణ్డ్ (Telugu script)
* หิณฺฑฺ (Thai script)
* ཧི་ཎྜ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒱𑒝𑓂𑒛𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨁𑨘𑩇𑨖𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of unclear origin. Related to New Indo-Aryan *𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (*haṭṭaï), and probably borrowed from a foreign source.
The meaning of "to be empty", attested in some texts, is likely spurious.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦiɳɖ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦiɳɖ/

### Root

हिण्ड् • (hiṇḍ)
* to go, move, wander, or roam about
* to disregard, slight

#### Derived terms

* अहिण्डन्त (ahiṇḍanta)
* जिहिण्डे (jihiṇḍe)
* हिण्डते (hiṇḍate)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “हिण्ड्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298/2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 205
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 539
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 594
# ремствувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From ре́мство (rémstvo) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɛmstwʊʋɐte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ре́мствувати • (rémstvuvaty) impf (perfective поре́мствувати) (intransitive)
* to complain, to lament, to yammer, to grumble, to repine
    Synonyms: ска́ржитися (skáržytysja), жалі́тися (žalítysja), бі́дкатися (bídkatysja), пла́катися (plákatysja), наріка́ти (narikáty)

#### Derived terms

* заре́мствувати pf (zarémstvuvaty)
* поре́мствувати pf (porémstvuvaty)
* ре́мствування n (rémstvuvannja)

#### Related terms

* ремст m (remst)
* ре́мство n (rémstvo)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ремствувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “ремствувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “ремствувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “ремствувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “ремствувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “ремствувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ruína
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin ruīna (“ruins; debris”), from ruō (“I collapse”). Cognate with Portuguese ruína and Spanish ruina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruˈina/ [ruˈi.nɐ]
* Rhymes: -ina

### Noun

ruína f (plural ruínas)
* (usually in the plural) ruin (construction withered by time)
    Synonym: pardiñeiro
* the process of becoming ruined
* (uncountable) ruin (the state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed)
* ruin (something which leads to serious troubles)

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ruyna”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ruína”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ruína”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ruína”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ruyna, from Latin ruīna (“ruins; debris”), from ruō (“to collapse”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁuˈĩ.nɐ/ [hʊˈĩ.nɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ.nɐ/ [ˈhwĩ.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁuˈĩ.nɐ/ [hʊˈĩ.nɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ.nɐ/ [ˈhwĩ.nɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁuˈĩ.nɐ/ [χʊˈĩ.nɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ.nɐ/ [ˈχwĩ.nɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁuˈi.na/ [hʊˈi.na], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwi.na/ [ˈhwi.na]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁuˈi.nɐ/, (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwi.nɐ/
* Hyphenation: ru‧í‧na

### Noun

ruína f (plural ruínas)
* ruin (construction withered by time)
    Synonym: destroços
* the process of becoming ruined
    Synonyms: arruinação, arruinamento, ruinação
* the process of becoming financially ruined
    Synonyms: arruinamento, destruição, devastação, falência
* (uncountable) ruin (the state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed)
* ruin (something which leads to serious troubles)

#### Related terms

* arruinação
* arruinado
* arruinador
* arruinar
* ruim
* ruinação
* ruinar
* ruinaria
* ruir
# usabile
## Italian
### Etymology

From usare +‎ -abile.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uˈza.bi.le/
* Rhymes: -abile
* Hyphenation: u‧sà‧bi‧le

### Adjective

usabile (plural usabili)
* usable
    Synonym: utilizzabile
    Antonym: inutilizzabile

#### Derived terms

* usabilità

#### Related terms

* usanza
* usare
* usata
* usato
* uso

### Further reading

* usabile in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# organis
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɔrˈɡanɪs]
* Hyphenation: or‧ga‧nis

### Etymology 1

From Dutch organist.

#### Noun

organis (plural)
* organist: a musician who plays the organ.

### Etymology 2

From Dutch organisch, from German organisch.

#### Adjective

organis
* synonym of organik (“organic”).

### Related terms

* organ
* organel
* organik
* organisasi
* organisatoris
* organogram
* reorganisasi

### Further reading

* “organis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈor.ɡa.niːs/, [ˈɔrɡäniːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈor.ɡa.nis/, [ˈɔrɡänis]

### Noun

organīs n
* dative/ablative plural of organum
* dative/ablative of organa
# Treibhausgas
## German
### Etymology

From Treibhaus (“greenhouse”) +‎ Gas (“gas”), perhaps after English greenhouse gas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtraɪ̯p.haʊ̯sˌɡa(ː)s/, [ˈtʁaɪ̯p.haʊ̯sˌɡaːs], [ˈtʁaɪ̯.paʊ̯s-], [-ɡas]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Treibhausgas n (strong, genitive Treibhausgases, plural Treibhausgase)
* greenhouse gas
** 2010, Der Spiegel‎, number 2/2010, page 125:Kohlendioxid trägt durch seine Menge mehr als jedes andere Treibhausgas zum Klimawandel bei, doch seine Konzentration in der Luft beträgt weniger als 0,04 Prozent.Carbon dioxide contributes by its amount more than any other greenhouse gas to climate change, but its concentration in the air is less than 0.04 percent.

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* treibhausgasartig

#### Related terms

* Treibhausgas-Ausstoss
* Treibhausgas-Ausstoß
* Treibhausgas-Bilanz
* Treibhausgas-Bilanzierung
* Treibhausgas-Emission
* Treibhausgas-Emissionshandelsgesetz
* Treibhausgas-Fußabdruck
* Treibhausgas-Fussabdruck
* Treibhausgas-Immission
* Treibhausgas-Rechner
* Treibhausgas-Wirkung
* Treibhausgasausstoß
* Treibhausgasausstoss
* Treibhausgasbelastung
* Treibhausgasbilanz
* Treibhausgasbilanzierung
* Treibhausgaseinsparpotential
* Treibhausgaseinsparpotenzial
* Treibhausgaseinsparung
* Treibhausgasemission
* Treibhausgasemissionshandel
* Treibhausgasemissionszertifikat
* Treibhausgasemittent
* Treibhausgasemittenten
* Treibhausgasemittentin
* Treibhausgasfußabdruck
* Treibhausgasfussabdruck
* Treibhausgasimmission
* Treibhausgasinventar
* Treibhausgaskonzentration
* Treibhausgasmenge
* Treibhausgasminderung
* treibhausgasneutral
* Treibhausgasneutralität
* Treibhausgasprotokoll
* Treibhausgasquote
* Treibhausgasrechner
* Treibhausgasreduktion
* Treibhausgasreduzieren
* treibhausgasreduzierend
* Treibhausgasreduzierung
* Treibhausgasrelevanz
* Treibhausgasspeicher
* Treibhausgasspeicherung
* Treibhausgasstrom
* Treibhausgasströme
* Treibhausgasvermeidung
* Treibhausgaswert
* treibhausgaswirksam
* Treibhausgaswirksamkeit
* Treibhausgaswirkung
* Treibhausgasziel

#### Descendants

* → Luxembourgish: Zäregas (calque)

### Further reading

* “Treibhausgas” in Duden online
* “Treibhausgas” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# масовий
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From ма́са (mása) +‎ -овий (-ovyj). Compare Russian ма́ссовый (mássovyj), Belarusian ма́савы (másavy), Polish masowy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmasɔʋei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

ма́совий • (másovyj) (adverb ма́сово, abstract noun ма́совість)
* mass (involving a mass of people; of, for, or by the masses)
    ма́сова культу́ра ― másova kulʹtúra ― mass culture, popular culture
    ма́совий ма́ркетинг ― másovyj márketynh ― mass marketing
    ма́совий психо́з ― másovyj psyxóz ― mass psychosis
    ма́сові завору́шення ― másovi zavorúšennja ― civil disorder, civil unrest (literally, “mass disturbances”)
* mass (involving a mass of things; concerning a large quantity, number or extent)
    ма́сове виробни́цтво ― másove vyrobnýctvo ― mass production
* (relational, physics) mass (attributive) (of or relating to mass)

#### Derived terms

* за́соби ма́сової інформа́ції m pl (zásoby másovoji informáciji, “mass media”)
* збро́я ма́сового зни́щення f (zbrója másovoho znýščennja, “weapon of mass destruction”)
* збро́я ма́сового ура́ження f (zbrója másovoho urážennja, “weapon of mass destruction”)
* ма́сове вби́вство n (másove vbývstvo, “mass murder”)
* ма́сове вимира́ння n (másove vymyránnja, “mass extinction”)
* ма́сове число́ n (másove čysló, “mass number”)
* ма́совий вби́вця m (másovyj vbývcja, “mass murderer”)

#### Related terms

* ма́са f (mása)
* маси́вний (masývnyj)

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2017), “масовий”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (л – мішу́рний), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “масовий”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “масовий”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “масовий”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “масовий”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “масовий”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “масовий”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# pandidiri
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pan- +‎ diri, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /pandiˈdiɾi/ [pɐn̪.d̪ɪˈd̪iː.ɾɪ]
* Rhymes: -iɾi
* Syllabification: pan‧di‧di‧ri

### Noun

pandidiri (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
* disgust
    Synonyms: ani, (uncommon) pangangani-ngani, pagkaadwa

#### Derived terms

* makapandidiri

### Further reading

* “pandidiri”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “pandidiri”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# շփոթ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian շփոթ (špʻotʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʃəˈpʰotʰ/, [ʃəpʰótʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʃəˈpot/, [ʃəpʰótʰ]

### Noun

շփոթ • (špʻotʻ)
* confusion, disorder, disarray, trouble

#### Declension
### Adjective

շփոթ • (špʻotʻ) (superlative ամենաշփոթ)
* confused, disordered

#### Related terms

* շփոթել (špʻotʻel)

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* շփոյթ (špʻoytʻ) — rare

### Etymology

Together with Old Georgian შფოთი (špoti) borrowed from a Middle Iranian formation (probably a past participle) from the root which appears with the preverb *aH- in Parthian 𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (ʾšyft /⁠āšift⁠/, “troubled”), 𐫀𐫀𐫢𐫇𐫁 (ʾʾšwb /⁠āšōβ⁠/, “turmoil, disturbance”), Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾšwpt' /⁠āšuft⁠/, “turmoil”), Persian آشفتن (âšoftan, “to agitate”).

### Noun

շփոթ • (špʻotʻ)
* confusion, disorder, disarray, trouble
    շփոթս յուզել, յարուցանել ― špʻotʻs yuzel, yarucʻanel ― to excite confusion, trouble, sedition
    աղմուկ շփոթի յարուցանել ― ałmuk špʻotʻi yarucʻanel ― to make a clatter, racket or uproar, to kick up a row
    յայն աղմուկ շփոթի ― yayn ałmuk špʻotʻi ― in that disorder

#### Declension
### Adjective

շփոթ • (špʻotʻ)
* confused, disordered

### Derived terms

* անըշփոթ (anəšpʻotʻ)
* անշփոթ (anšpʻotʻ)
* անշփոթաբար (anšpʻotʻabar)
* անշփոթապէս (anšpʻotʻapēs)
* անշփոթելի (anšpʻotʻeli)
* անշփոթութիւն (anšpʻotʻutʻiwn)
* անշփոյթ (anšpʻoytʻ)
* բազմաշփոթ (bazmašpʻotʻ)
* դիւրաշփոթ (diwrašpʻotʻ)
* հեշտաշփոթ (heštašpʻotʻ)
* շփոթաբանութիւն (špʻotʻabanutʻiwn)
* շփոթաբար (špʻotʻabar)
* շփոթական (špʻotʻakan)
* շփոթանք (špʻotʻankʻ)
* շփոթապէս (špʻotʻapēs)
* շփոթեմ (špʻotʻem)
* շփոթումն (špʻotʻumn)

### Descendants

* → Armenian: շփոթ (špʻotʻ) (learned)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շփոթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 546ab
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “շփոթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “շփոթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* ↑ Androniḳašvili, Mzia (1966) Narḳvevebi iranul-kartuli enobrivi urtiertobidan I [Studies in Iranian–Georgian Linguistic Contacts I] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Press, pages 398–401
# frido
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfrido]
* Rhymes: -ido
* Hyphenation: fri‧do

### Noun

frido (uncountable, accusative fridon)
* (poetic, in compounds, neologism) cold (low temperature)
    Synonym: malvarmo
    Antonym: varmo
** 1895, “Injeto ĉe la ŝpinilo”, in Odd Tangerud, transl., La Montarino‎, translation of Haugtussa by Arne Garborg:Ho — hu! La veteraĉo / kun pluv’ kaj venta frid’!Oh — boo! The awful weather with rain and windy cold!

#### Related terms

* frida (“cold”, adjective)
* fride (“coldly”)
* frideco (“coldness”)
* fridi (“to be cold”)

## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin frīgidus (“cold, cool, chilling”) (through a syncopated Vulgar Latin form *frigdus, fricdus), from frīgeō, frīgēre (“be cold”).

### Adjective

frido
* cold
# ꦗꦏ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese jaka.

### Noun

ꦗꦏ (jaka)
* young unmarried man (around 16 years old)
* young adult male

#### Alternative forms

* jejaka, jêjaka (dated spelling)

#### Synonyms

* jaki (polite, dialectal)

#### Derived terms

* jaka bèlèk
* jaka kumala-kala
* jaka thing-thing
* jakatuwa

### Proper noun

ꦗꦏ (Jaka)
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: Joko

### Further reading

* The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “jaka”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN
# sagitsit
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saɡitˈsit/ [sɐ.ɣɪt̪ˈsit̪̚]
* Rhymes: -it
* Syllabification: sa‧git‧sit

### Noun

sagitsít (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔)
* hissing; sizzling; fizzing (sound)
    Synonym: sirit
* whizzing sound (as of a fast vehicle)
    Synonyms: haginit, hagibis
* jet (of water, steam, gas, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* pasagitsitin
* sumagitsit
# མཆུ
## Tibetan
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”) (STEDT). Compare Lepcha ᰣᰌᰫᰯ (adúl, “rim”), Newar म्हुतु/𑐪𑐸𑐟𑐸 (mhutu), Tangut 𘚆 (*tjụ², “lip”). Also compare Chinese 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ), 嘴 (OC *ʔseʔ), 唇 (OC *tjɯn, *ɦljun) and 脣 (OC *ɦljun).

### Pronunciation

* Old Tibetan: /*mt͡ɕʰu/
* Lhasa: /t͡sʰu˥˥/
* Batang: /tɕhə⁵⁵/
* Dêgê: /tɕho⁵³/
* Zêkog: /ntɕʰə/
* Old Tibetan:
** IPA: /*mt͡ɕʰu/ (reconstructed)
* Ü-Tsang
** Tibetan pinyin: cu$^f$
** (Lhasa) IPA: /t͡sʰu˥˥/
* Khams
** (Batang) IPA: /tɕhə⁵⁵/
** (Dêgê) IPA: /tɕho⁵³/
* Amdo
** (Zêkog) IPA: /ntɕʰə/

### Noun

མཆུ • (mchu)
* lips
* beak (of a bird)

#### Derived terms

* ཁ་མཆུ (kha mchu)
* ཁ་མཆུ་རྒྱབ་མཁན (kha mchu rgyab mkhan)
* ཁ་མཆུ་འཛུགས (kha mchu 'dzugs)
* ཁོལ་མཆུ (khol mchu)
* གྲི་བྱ་རོག་གི་མཆུ (gri bya rog gi mchu)
* མཆུ་རྐང་དམར (mchu rkang dmar)
* མཆུ་སྒྲོས (mchu sgros)
* མཆུ་ཅན (mchu can)
* མཆུ་ཏོ (mchu to)
* མཆུ་ཏོར་བྱུག་ཚོས (mchu tor byug tshos)
* མཆུ་རྡོ (mchu rdo)
* མཆུ་སྡེ་ལྔ (mchu sde lnga)
* མཆུ་འཕྱང (mchu 'phyang)
* མཆུ་མེད (mchu med)
* མཆུ་བཙུམ (mchu btsum)
* མཆུ་ཞེང (mchu zheng)
* མཆུ་རིང (mchu ring)
* མཆུ་རིངས (mchu rings)
* མཆུ་ལ་ཐོགས (mchu la thogs)
* མཆུ་ལས་སྐྱེས (mchu las skyes)
* རྡོ་རྗེའི་མཆུ་ཅན (rdo rje'i mchu can)
* ཕག་མཆུ (phag mchu)
* བྱ་རོག་མཆུ (bya rog mchu)
* བྱའི་མཆུ་ཏོ (bya'i mchu to)
* བྱུ་རུའི་མཆུ་ཅན (byu ru'i mchu can)
* སྦུད་མཆུ (sbud mchu)
* མ་མཆུ (ma mchu)
* ཝ་མཆུ (wa mchu)
* ཞ་མཆུ (zha mchu)
* ཞལ་མཆུ (zhal mchu)
* ཡ་མཆུ (ya mchu)

### References

* “མཆུ” in The Tibetan Living Dictionary, Mandala Collections, 2021.
* Goldstein, Melvyn (2001). The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. University of California Press.
# decrecer
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* decrescer (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese decrecer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria) from Latin decrescere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dekɾeˈθeɾ/ [d̪e.kɾeˈθeɾ]
* IPA: (standard) /dekɾeˈθeɾ/ [d̪e.kɾeˈθeɾ]
* IPA: (seseo) /dekɾeˈseɾ/ [d̪e.kɾeˈseɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Hyphenation: de‧cre‧cer

### Verb

decrecer (first-person singular present decrezo, first-person singular preterite decrecín, past participle decrecido)
* to decrease

#### Derived terms

* decrecemento
* decrecente

#### Related terms

* acrecer
* crecer
* recrecer

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “decrecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “decrecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “decrecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “decrecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* descrecer (obsolete)

### Etymology

This form was borrowed from Latin decrēscere. Cf. also the older form, which may be an internal formation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /dekɾeˈθeɾ/ [d̪e.kɾeˈθeɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /dekɾeˈseɾ/ [d̪e.kɾeˈseɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: de‧cre‧cer

### Verb

decrecer (first-person singular present decrezco, first-person singular preterite decrecí, past participle decrecido)
* to decrease

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* crecer
* decreciente
* decrecimiento, decremento

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “decrecer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “decrecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10