# 悚

| 悚 | U+609A, &#24730; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-609A |
| ← 悙 [U+6099] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 悛 → [U+609B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

悚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 心木中 (PDL), four-corner 9509$_6$, composition ⿰忄束)
* afraid, scared, frightened

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 387, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10672
* Dae Jaweon: page 720, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2303, character 3
* Unihan data for U+609A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涑 | *sloː, *sloːɡ, *sloɡ |
| 鏉 | *sloː, *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 摗 | *sloː |
| 駷 | *sloːʔ, *sloŋʔ |
| 嗽 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ |
| 瘶 | *sloːɡs |
| 欶 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ |
| 漱 | *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 悚 | *sloŋʔ |
| 竦 | *sloŋʔ |
| 娕 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 速 | *sloːɡ |
| 餗 | *sloːɡ |
| 殐 | *sloːɡ |
| 遬 | *sloːɡ |
| 蔌 | *sloːɡ |
| 樕 | *sloːɡ |
| 藗 | *sloːɡ |
| 誎 | *sʰloɡ |
| 束 | *hljoɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǒng (song$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǒng
*** Wade–Giles: sung$^3$
*** Yale: sǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soong
*** Palladius: сун (sun)
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sung$^2$
*** Yale: súng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sjowngX
Rime :
| Character | 悚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息拱切 |
| Baxter | sjowngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /sioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sloŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11873 |
| Phonetic component | 束 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 悚 |
| Old Chinese | /*sloŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

悚
* to fear; to be terrified

#### Compounds

* 恐惶悚懼 / 恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
* 悚息
* 悚悚
* 悚惕
* 悚慄 / 悚栗
* 悚懼 / 悚惧 (sǒngjù)
* 悚然
* 悚然心驚 / 悚然心惊
* 惶悚
* 惶悚不安
* 慌悚
* 慚悚 / 惭悚
* 毛開骨悚 / 毛开骨悚
* 毛骨悚然 (máogǔsǒngrán)
* 毛髮悚然 / 毛发悚然
* 震悚

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 悚れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

Wikisource 悚 (eumhun 두려워할 송 (duryeowohal song))
* hanja form of 송 (“to be afraid of, to fear”)

#### Compounds

* 죄송하다 (罪悚하다, joesonghada, “to be sorry, to feel apologetic”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

悚: Hán Nôm readings: tủng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation