# jezero
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech jezero, from Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɛzɛro]

### Noun

jezero n (relational adjective jezerní, diminutive jezírko)
* lake
    Velké Solné jezero ― Great Salt Lake
    Jezera Ubari ― Ubari Lakes

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “jezero”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “jezero”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “jezero”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

#### Alternative forms

* jezer (archaic, dialectal, Dubrovnik)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jêzero/
** (Dubrovnik) IPA: /jêd͡zero/ ⟨jȅʒero⟩
* Hyphenation: je‧ze‧ro

#### Noun

jȅzero n (Cyrillic spelling је̏зеро, diminutive jezerce, relational adjective jezerskī)
* lake
** 1878 March 2, August Šenoa, “Karamfil sa pjesnikova groba”, in Vienac‎, volume X, number 9, Zagreb, page 134:Sad smo pristali na drugom kraju jezera.Now we had moored on the other side of the lake.
* (archaic, rare) spring of water
** 16th century, Mavro Vetranić Čavčić, “Pelegrin”, in I. A. Kaznačić, editor, Pjesme Mavra Vetranića Čavčića: Dio II. (Stari pisci hrvatski)‎, Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, published 1872, page 143, line 2348:u sjenci pod borom jezero gdje vrašein the shadow under the pine tree where a spring was bubbling
* (metonymically, archaic, rare) abyss, depth
** 1495, Bernardinus Spalatensis [Bernardin Splićanin], edited by Tomo Maretić, Vulgarizacio dalmatica epistolarum & euangeliorum [Lekcionarij Bernardina Spljećanina]‎, Zagreb: JAZU, published 1885, page 160 (orig. 85a):Od vika odrejena jesam i od starih pri nego zemļa biše. Ne bihu jošće ni jezera, a ja jure začata bih, ni bihu jošće vrutki vodeni protekli ni se jošće gore težkom veličinom umistile bihu, pri sfih vrhof ja se rojah.[Proverbs 8:23-26, KJV] I was set up from euerlaſting, from the beginning, or euer the earth was. When there were no depthes, I was brought forth : when there were no fountaines abounding with water. Before the mountaines were ſettled : before the hilles, was I brought foorth: While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the higheſt part of the duſt of the world.

##### Declension

Forms with ◌̏ can have the non-weakened shift to the proclitic: nȁ jezero. The rule is however rarely mentioned in normative manuals and may be unstable, and the word can be reclassified into the paradigm with immobile stem stress (likely with weakened shift):

#### Derived terms

* jezeranin
* jezerište (Štokavian, Čakavian) / jezerišče (Kajkavian)
* jezeriti se
* jezerkinja

#### Dialectal forms

* Varaždin Kaykavian: Nsg jẹ̏zȩro (IPA: /ˈjezɜro/), Gsg jẹ̏zȩra, Npl jẹ̏zȩra, Gpl jẹ̏zȩrah
* Novi Vinodolski Chakavian: Nsg jȅzero, Npl jȅzera, Gpl jȅzēr/jezẽr

### Etymology 2

From Hungarian ezer (thousand), from an Iranian language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom (thousand). The final -o is added by analogy to jezero (lake). Rare variant without the -o (jȅzer) is noted by RSANU (1973:698).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jêzero/
* Hyphenation: je‧ze‧ro

#### Numeral

jȅzero n (Cyrillic spelling је̏зеро)
* (archaic) thousand; a great number
    Synonyms: tisuća, hiljada
** 1578, Antol Vramecz, Kronika vezda znovich zpravliena kratka szlouenzkim iezikom‎, Lublana: po Iuane Manline, page 53 verso:1513. Due iezere Turkou Peter Berizlo Biskup Wezprimſzky i Ban na pole Dubichkom ſzuoimi Vitezmy i iunaczi poby.1513. Dve jezere Turkov Peter Berislo biškup vesprimski i ban na pole dubičkom svojimi vitezmi i junaci pobi.1513. Péter Beriszló [Petar Berislavić], the bishop of Vezsprém, killed two thousand Turks on the field of Dubica, with his knights and champions.
** 1894, Evgenij Kumičić, Urota zrinsko-frankopanska‎, Zagreb: Bulaja naklada, published 2020, page 231:još k tomu svemu obećajemo cesarski i kraljevski dar deset jezer talirov onomu ki njega živoga ili mrtvoga nam v ruke daadditionally, we promise the imperial and royal gift of ten thousand thalers to that who brings him alive or dead into our hands
** 1936, Miroslav Krleža, “Planetarijom”, in Balade Petrice Kerempuha (Sabrana djela Miroslava Krleže), Sarajevo / Zagreb: NIŠRO "Oslobođenje" / IKRO "Mladost", published 1982, page 115:Kajkavska reč Kaj vre jezer let klopoče.The Kaykavian word Kay already for a thousand years has been rattling.

##### Declension

Neo-Shtokavian accent in the table is based on Klaić (1987:630) and RSANU (1973:699) which do not imply a mobile paradigm; ARj (1897:638) does not mark the accent. The plural accent might also be the same as in meaning 'lake' (Npl jezèra, etc.).

#### Derived terms

* jezerača

#### Dialectal forms

* found in northern Croatia, especially Kajkavian dialects, rarely in northern Bosnia, and in Burgenland Croatian; see Citations
* Varaždin Kaykavian: Nsg jȩ̏zȩro (IPA: /ˈjɜzɜro/) or jȩ̏zȩrȩ, Gsg jȩ̏zȩra, Npl jȩ̏zȩrȩ, Gpl jȩzȩ̑r (IPA: /jɜzɜ̂ːr/)
* Bednja Kaykavian: Nsg jȁzere, Gpl jezãr

### Footnotes

* ↑ Maretić 1963:§162.a): "[...] jezèru, to su dijalektizmi; velika većina naroda jamačno govori lok. sing. [...] jȅzeru"
* ↑ Klaić 2011: Imenice §123 c/
* ↑ László 1996:349
* ↑ Kapović 2011:128
* ↑ Not mentioned by Daničić, ARj (Budmani) or Vukušić, and e.g. Maretić's 1912 edition of Ilijada has the weakened shift: ùz jezero.
* ↑ RSANU 1973:699
* ↑ Lipljin 2013:489
* ↑ Беличъ 1909:220
* ↑ Hraste 1935:22-23
* ↑ Jurišić 1973:81
* ↑ Skok 1971:781
* ↑ Lipljin 2013:489
* ↑ Jedvaj 1956:309

### References

* ARj = Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jezero”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 638
* Беличъ, Александръ (1909) “Замѣтки по чакавскимъ говорамъ”, in Извѣстія Отдѣленія русскаго языка и словесности Императорской Академіи наукъ, volume XIV, number 2, Санктпетербургъ, pages 181-266
* Hraste, Mate (1935) “Čakavski dijalekat ostrva Hvara”, in Јужнословенски филолог‎, volume 14, Београд: Александар Белић, pages 1-59
* “jezero”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 ('lake')
* “jezero”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 ('thousand')
* Jedvaj, Josip (1956) “Bednjanski govor”, in Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik‎, volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, pages 279-330
* Jurišić, Blaž (1973) Rječnik govora otoka Vrgade. I dio: Uvod, Zagreb: JAZU
* Kapović, Mate (2011) “Naglasak imenica srednjega roda u hrvatskom – povijesni razvoj”, in Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik, volume 17, Zagreb: HAZU, pages 109-146
* Klaić, Bratoljub (1987) Rječnik stranih riječi, Zagreb: Matica hrvatska
* Klaić, Bratoljub (2011) Naglasni sustav standardnoga hrvatskog jezika, Zagreb: Umjetnička organizacija Netfaces
* László, Bulcsú (1996) “Bilježka o‿književnōme naglasku hrvātskōme”, in Suvremena lingvistika, volume 22, numbers 1-2, Zagreb: Hrvatsko filološko društvo, pages 333-391
* Lipljin, Tomislav (2013) Rječnik varaždinskoga kajkavskog govora, 2nd edition, Varaždin: Stanek Media
* Maretić, Tomo (1963) Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika, 3rd edition, Zagreb: Matica hrvatska
* RSANU = М. Стевановић, М. Пешикан, Б. Николић, editors (1973), Речник српскохрватског књижевног и народног језика, књ. 8 (интонирати - јурве)‎, Београд: САНУ
* Skok, Petar (1971) “jȅzero”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 781
* Vukušić, Stjepan, Zoričić, Ivan, Graselli-Vukušić, Marija (2007) Naglasak u hrvatskome književnom jeziku (Velika hrvatska gramatika; 4), Zagreb: Globus, →ISBN, §231, page 68

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jéːzɛrɔ/

### Noun

jẹ̑zero n
* lake

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “jezero”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “jezero”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references