# 私語
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sīyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^1$ jyu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sīyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sihyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^1$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: sz̄-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syyeu
*** Palladius: сыюй (syjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^1$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: sī yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^1$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^1$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː⁵⁵ jyː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: sij ngjoX
Rime :
| Character | 私 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息夷切 | 魚巨切 |
| Baxter | sij | ngjoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ/ | /ŋɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si/ | /ŋɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /si/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /si/ | /ŋĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si/ | /ŋi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sī | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^1$ | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]əj ŋ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sil ŋaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 私 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sī | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij › | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]əj/ | /*ŋ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | private | speak |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 私 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 11949 | 13159 |
| Phonetic component | 厶 | 五 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 私 | 語 |
| Old Chinese | /*sil/ | /*ŋaʔ/ |

### Verb

私語
* (literary) to whisper; to talk in hushed tones
    From: 815, Bai Juyi, Song of the Pipa
    Dà xián cáocáo rú jí yǔ, xiǎo xián qièqiè rú sīyǔ. [Pinyin]
    The bold strings loudly, with the crash of falling rain; the fine strings softly, as the murmur of whispered words.

#### Derived terms

* 切切私語 / 切切私语 (qièqièsīyǔ)
* 竊竊私語 / 窃窃私语 (qièqièsīyǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 私(し)語(ご) (shigo)
* → Korean: 사어(私語) (sa'eo)

### Noun

私語
* secret talk; confidences

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 私 | 語 |
| し Grade: 6 | ご Grade: 2 |
| goon ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しご [shíꜜgò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕiɡo̞]

#### Noun

私(し)語(ご) • (shigo)
* whisper, whispering; private or secret talk
** 1999, Koushun Takami, Battle Royale:
    私語(しご)をするんじゃない！
       Shigo o suru n ja nai!
       No whispering!

#### Verb

私(し)語(ご)する • (shigo suru) suru (stem 私(し)語(ご)し (shigo shi), past 私(し)語(ご)した (shigo shita))
* to whisper

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 私語し | しごし | shigo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 私語し | しごし | shigo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 私語する | しごする | shigo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 私語する | しごする | shigo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 私語すれ | しごすれ | shigo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 私語せよ¹ 私語しろ² | しごせよ¹ しごしろ² | shigo seyo¹ shigo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 私語される | しごされる | shigo sareru |
| Causative | 私語させる 私語さす | しごさせる しごさす | shigo saseru shigo sasu |
| Potential | 私語できる | しごできる | shigo dekiru |
| Volitional | 私語しよう | しごしよう | shigo shiyō |
| Negative | 私語しない | しごしない | shigo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 私語せず | しごせず | shigo sezu |
| Formal | 私語します | しごします | shigo shimasu |
| Perfective | 私語した | しごした | shigo shita |
| Conjunctive | 私語して | しごして | shigo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 私語すれば | しごすれば | shigo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 私 | 語 |
| ささやき ||
| Grade: 6 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 私語 – see the following entry. :
| 【囁ささやき】 | [noun] a whisper, a murmur |
(This term, 私語, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.