OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# rosten
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German rosten, from Old High German rostēn. Equivalent to Rost +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Austria):(file)
* IPA: /ˈʁɔstən/, [ˈʁɔstn̩]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

rosten (weak, third-person singular present rostet, past tense rostete, past participle gerostet, auxiliary haben or sein)
* to rust
    Synonym: korrodieren

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* alte Liebe rostet nicht
* durchrosten
* einrosten
* entrosten
* nichtrostend
* verrosten
* wer rastet, der rostet

#### Related terms

* Rost
* rostig

### Further reading

* “rosten” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “rosten” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “rosten” in Duden online
* “rosten” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* roostyn, rosty, rosti, roste, rost

### Etymology

From Old French rostir, from Frankish *rōstijan, from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną; equivalent to roste (“roast”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔːstən/

### Verb

rosten
* To roast or grill; to cook over a griddle:
** To roast meat; to cook meat by roasting.
** To cook other foods by roasting.
** To torture with heat; to place under fire.
* To make warm, roasted or cooked; to scorch.
* (rare) To be tortured with heat.
* (rare) To sear or parch; to make dry or parched.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) rosten, roste | (to) rosten, roste |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | roste | rosted |
| 2nd-person singular | rostest | rostedest |
| 3rd-person singular | rosteth | rosted |
| subjunctive singular | roste | rosted |
| imperative singular | roste | — |
| plural$^1$ | rosten, roste | rosteden, rostede |
| imperative plural | rosteth, roste | — |
| participles | rostynge, rostende | rosted, yrosted |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: roast
* Scots: roast

#### References

* “rōsten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-09.

## Spanish
### Verb

rosten
* third-person plural present indicative of rostir

## Swedish
### Noun

rosten
* definite singular of rost

### Anagrams

* noters, ortens, rotens, sorten, tensor, toners
# confidenziale
## Italian
### Etymology

From confidenz(a) +‎ -iale.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kon.fi.denˈt͡sja.le/
* Rhymes: -ale
* Hyphenation: con‧fi‧den‧zià‧le

### Adjective

confidenziale (plural confidenziali)
* confidential
* friendly

#### Derived terms

* confidenzialità
* confidenzialmente

#### Related terms

* confidenza
# κέλυφος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

According to Beekes, connected with the group of καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), with a Pre-Greek suffix.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ké.lyː.pʰos/ → /ˈce.ly.ɸos/ → /ˈce.li.fos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ké.lyː.pʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈke.ly.pʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈce.ly.ɸos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈce.ly.fos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈce.li.fos/

### Noun

κέλῡφος • (kélūphos) n (genitive κελῡ́φους); third declension
* sheath, case
* (botany) pod, shell
* (zoology) envelop of a chrysalis
* eggshell
* (anatomy) hollow of the eye

#### Derived terms

* κελῡ́φᾰνον (kelū́phănon)
* κελῡφᾰνώδης (kelūphănṓdēs)
* κελῡ́φῐον (kelū́phĭon)
* κελῡφοκομεῖον (kelūphokomeîon)

#### Descendants

* Greek: κέλυφος (kélyfos)

### Further reading

* “κέλυφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κέλυφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κέλυφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Greek
### Noun

κέλυφος • (kélyfos) n (plural κελύφη)
* shell (of mollusks, crustaceans, etc)
* eggshell
* nutshell
* shell, casing (around instrument or mechanism)

#### Synonyms

* (eggshell, nutshell): τσόφλι n (tsófli)
* (seashell): κοχύλι n (kochýli)
# munkaruha
## Hungarian
### Etymology

munka (“work”) +‎ ruha (“clothes”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmuŋkɒruɦɒ]
* Hyphenation: mun‧ka‧ru‧ha
* Rhymes: -hɒ

### Noun

munkaruha (plural munkaruhák)
* workwear, working clothes, work clothes, overall, coverall (clothes made of strong fabric, designed to be worn while working, especially in a physically demanding job)

#### Derived terms

* munkaruhájú
* munkaruhás

### Further reading

* munkaruha in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# selecionar
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* seleccionar (pre-1990 spelling)

### Etymology

From Latin sēlēctiō (“choosing”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /se.le.si.oˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sɪ.oˈna(h)], (faster pronunciation) /se.le.sjoˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sjoˈna(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /se.le.si.oˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sɪ.oˈna(h)], (faster pronunciation) /se.le.sjoˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sjoˈna(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /se.le.si.oˈna(ɾ)/ [se.le.sɪ.oˈna(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /se.le.sjoˈna(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /se.le.si.oˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sɪ.oˈna(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /se.le.sjoˈna(ʁ)/ [se.le.sjoˈna(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /se.le.si.oˈna(ɻ)/ [se.le.sɪ.oˈna(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /se.le.sjoˈna(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɨ.lɛ.sjuˈnaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɨ.lɛ.sjuˈnaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /sɨ.lɛ.sjuˈna.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: se‧le‧ci‧o‧nar

### Verb

selecionar (first-person singular present seleciono, first-person singular preterite selecionei, past participle selecionado)
* (transitive) to select; to choose
    Synonyms: escolher, preferir, seletar
* (transitive, computing) to select (define the objects or pixels to which operations will be applied)
    Antonym: desselecionar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* selecionado
* selecionador
* selecionável

#### Related terms

* seleção
* selecionismo
* selecionista
* seletar
* seletivo
* seleto

### References

* ↑ “selecionar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “selecionar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# πραγματικός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From πρᾶγμα (prâgma, “a thing done, a fact”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /praːŋ.ma.ti.kós/ → /praɣ.ma.tiˈkos/ → /praɣ.ma.tiˈkos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /praːŋ.ma.ti.kós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /praɡ.ma.tiˈkos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /praɣ.ma.tiˈkos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /praɣ.ma.tiˈkos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /praɣ.ma.tiˈkos/

### Adjective

πρᾱγμᾰτῐκός • (prāgmătĭkós) m (feminine πρᾱγμᾰτῐκή, neuter πρᾱγμᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension
* fit for action or business; businesslike, statesmanlike
** (substantive) agent, attorney
* (of things)
** (of history) political (including military)
** (of speech or action) able, prudent, statesmanlike
* relating to subject-matter
** relating to fact, factual
** material (opposed to formal, verbal)
* (magic) effective spell
* troublesome, formidable (of a citadel)

#### Descendants

* Dutch: pragmatisch
* English: pragmatic
* French: pragmatique
* German: pragmatisch
* Greek: πραγματικός (pragmatikós)
* Hungarian: pragmatikus
* Italian: pragmatico
* Polish: pragmatyczny
* Portuguese: pragmático
* Romanian: pragmatic
* Spanish: pragmático

### Further reading

* “πραγματικός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πραγματικός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πραγματικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek πραγματικός (pragmatikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾaɣmatiˈkos/
* Hyphenation: πραγ‧μα‧τι‧κός

### Adjective

πραγματικός • (pragmatikós) m (feminine πραγματική, neuter πραγματικό)
* real, factual, actual (having physical existence), (having existence or substance)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο πραγματικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο πραγματικός, etc.)

#### Synonyms

* αληθινός (alithinós)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “imaginary”): φανταστικός (fantastikós)
* (antonym(s) of “fake”): ψευδής (psevdís)
* (antonym(s) of “made up”): πλασματικός (plasmatikós)

#### Derived terms

* εξωπραγματικός (exopragmatikós)
* πραγματικός αριθμός m (pragmatikós arithmós, “real number”)
* πραγματικότητα f (pragmatikótita)

#### Related terms

* see: πράγμα n (prágma, “thing, entity”)
# picis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay picis, from Persian پشیز (pešiz, “small”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpit͡ʃɪs]
* Hyphenation: pi‧cis

### Noun

picis (plural picis-picis)
* (archaic) penny
    Synonym: ketip
* of small worth
* a form of execution

#### Derived terms

* picisan
* sepicis

### Further reading

* “picis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Noun

picis
* genitive singular of pix

### Noun

pīcīs
* dative/ablative plural of pīcus

### References

* picis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# artis
## English
### Noun

artis
* plural of arti

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch artiest, from Middle Dutch artiste, from Medieval Latin artista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈartɪs]
* Hyphenation: ar‧tis

### Noun

artis (uncountable)
* artist.
    Synonyms: ahli seni, seniman, seniwati
* (informal, proscribed) Synonym of selebritas

#### Hyponyms

* artis ibu kota
* artis magang
* artis papan atas
* artis tamu

#### Derived terms

* keartisan
* seartis

#### Related terms

* artisan
* artistik

### Further reading

* “artis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Noun

artis
* genitive singular of ars

### Noun

artīs
* accusative plural of ars

### Adjective

artīs
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of artus
# sindikato
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sindicato.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: sin‧di‧ka‧to
* IPA: /sindiˈkato/ [s̪ɪn̪.d̪ɪˈka.t̪o]

### Noun

sindikáto (Badlit spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜆᜓ)
* a syndicate; a similar group of gangsters engaged in organized crime

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from English syndicate and French syndicat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sindiˈkato]
* Rhymes: -ato
* Hyphenation: sin‧di‧ka‧to

### Noun

sindikato (accusative singular sindikaton, plural sindikatoj, accusative plural sindikatojn)
* a syndicate, labor union
** 1904, Lingvo internacia, volume IX, page 96:Kaj organizado de l'vendado devas akompani tiun de l'produktado. Laboristaj sindikatoj grupigantaj la laboron ; mastraj sindikatoj grupigantaj la kapitalojn — kaj konstanta interkonsento inter ili ambaŭ, reguliganta la kondiĉojn de la produktado — trustoj, aŭ sindikatoj arigantaj ĉiujn industriistojn samkategoriajn kaj reguligantaj kvanton de la produktado: tia estos kredeble kadro de l' estonta industria organizado.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* A syndicate, a group cooperating for a common purpose

#### Derived terms

* sindikata
* sindikatano
* sindikatismo
* sindikatisto

### See also

* unio (“union of states”)

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto sindikato, English syndicate, French syndicat, German Syndikat, Italian sindacato, Russian синдика́т (sindikát), Spanish sindicato.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sindiˈkato/
* Hyphenation: sin‧di‧ka‧to
* Rhymes: -ato

### Noun

sindikato (plural sindikati)
* trade union, syndicate

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sindicato (“trade union”), influenced by English syndicate.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sindiˈkato/ [sɪn̪.d̪ɪˈxaː.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -ato
* Syllabification: sin‧di‧ka‧to

### Noun

sindikato (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜆᜓ)
* crime syndicate; mafia
# ĉeĥo
## Esperanto
### Alternative forms

* chehho (H-system spelling)
* cxehxo (X-system spelling)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech Čech.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃexo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -exo
* Hyphenation: ĉe‧ĥo

### Noun

ĉeĥo (accusative singular ĉeĥon, plural ĉeĥoj, accusative plural ĉeĥojn)
* a Czech person

#### Derived terms

* ĉeĥa
* Ĉeĥio
* Ĉeĥoslovakio
* Ĉeĥujo
# la fermer
## French
### Etymology

Elliptical form of fermer sa gueule (“to shut one's mouth”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /la fɛʁ.me/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

la fermer
* (colloquial, offensive, euphemistic, by ellipsis) to shut it, to shut up (refrain from speech)
    Synonyms: la boucler, la mettre en sourdine, la mettre en veilleuse

#### Conjugation

* see fermer

#### Synonyms

* se taire (neutral register)

#### Derived terms

* la ferme
# parton
## English
### Etymology

Coined by American physicist Richard Feynman in 1969, from part +‎ -on.

### Noun

parton (plural partons)
* (physics, dated or historical) Any of the constituent particles making up a compound particle, e.g. the quarks and gluons which make up hadrons.

#### Derived terms

* antiparton
* multiparton
* partonic
* quasiparton

### Anagrams

* patron, protan, tarpon

## Esperanto
### Noun

parton
* accusative singular of parto

## Hungarian
### Etymology

part (“shore, bank”) +‎ -on (case suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɒrton]
* Hyphenation: par‧ton

### Noun

parton
* superessive singular of part
# ὁρμή
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hοrmā́, with two plausible derivations:
* From Proto-Indo-European *sor-meh₂- (“flow, stream”), from *ser- (“to flow, stream”), and thus cognate with Sanskrit सर्म (sárma, “going, running, flowing”), from the verb सरति (sarati, “to flow, run, speed”), and Albanian gjurmë (“footprint, trail”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃(o)r-sm- (“uprising”), from *h₃er- (“to move, rise”), and related to ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I urge on, incite”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hor.mɛ̌ː/ → /orˈmi/ → /orˈmi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hor.mɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)orˈme̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /orˈmi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /orˈmi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /orˈmi/

### Noun

ὁρμή • (hormḗ) f (genitive ὁρμῆς); first declension
* violent pressure, assault, force
* first movements, beginning, start
* eagerness, struggle, effort
* violence, passion, appetite

#### Derived terms

* ὁρμαίνω (hormaínō)
* ὁρμάω (hormáō)

#### Descendants

* English: hormone
* Greek: ορμή f (ormí)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὁρμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1104-5

### Further reading

* “ὁρμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὁρμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὁρμή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὁρμή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὁρμή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G3730 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. aggravation idem, page 18.ardour idem, page 39.boisterousness idem, page 88.caprice idem, page 112.charge idem, page 125.dash idem, page 196.eagerness idem, page 258.fit idem, page 323.freak idem, page 343.furiousness idem, page 350.fury idem, page 351.impetuosity idem, page 421.impetus idem, page 421.impulse idem, page 425.incentive idem, page 427.inclination idem, page 428.itch idem, page 461.mania idem, page 511.momentum idem, page 539.motive idem, page 542.propensity idem, page 653.rush idem, page 727.spurt idem, page 807.sweep idem, page 847.vagary idem, page 942.whim idem, page 976.whirl idem, page 976.wish idem, page 983.
* “ὁρμή”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# syair
## English
### Etymology

From Malay syair, from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir, “poet”).

### Noun

syair (plural syairs)
* Malay poetry that is made up of four-line stanzas

### Anagrams

* Syria

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay syair, from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir, “poet”). Doublet of sair.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃaɪr]
* Hyphenation: sya‧ir

### Noun

syair (plural)
* (archaic) poet.
* syair: a Malay poetry that is made up of four-line stanzas.
* poem
    Synonyms: sajak, puisi

#### Alternative forms

* sair

#### Derived terms

* bersyair
* kepensyairan
* mensyair
* mensyairkan
* pensyair
* pesyair

### Further reading

* “syair” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# capacitive
## English
### Adjective

capacitive (comparative more capacitive, superlative most capacitive)
* Of or pertaining to electrostatic capacitance.
    Capacitive touchscreens are all glass and designed for use in ATMs and similar kiosk-type applications.
** 1959 June, “The opening of the Colchester-Clacton-Walton electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 307:A line voltage detector unit ascertains where the supply is 25 kV. or 6.25 kV. and appropriate connections of the transformer primary winding are made through voltage-sensitive relays fed from a capacitive potential divider.

#### Derived terms

* capacitive coupling
* capacitively
* capacitivity
* electrocapacitive
* magnetocapacitive
* piezocapacitive
* pseudocapacitive
* supercapacitive

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.pa.si.tiv/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Adjective

capacitive
* feminine singular of capacitif

## Italian
### Adjective

capacitive
* feminine plural of capacitivo
# papillomavirus
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

From papilloma +‎ virus.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /papɪˈləʊməvʌɪɹəs/

### Noun

papillomavirus (plural papillomaviruses)
* (virology) Any variety of virus which causes warts.
** Now specifically, a member of the genus Papillomavirus.

#### Derived terms

* human papillomavirus
# hysterotomy
## English
### Etymology

From hystero- +‎ -tomy.

### Noun

hysterotomy (plural hysterotomies)
* (surgery) The surgical procedure of making an incision in the uterus, commonly combined with a laparotomy during a caesarean section.

#### Derived terms

* abdominohysterotomy
* colpohysterotomy
# trabecola
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /traˈbɛ.ko.la/
* Rhymes: -ɛkola
* Hyphenation: tra‧bè‧co‧la

### Noun

trabecola f (plural trabecole)
* (anatomy) trabecula

#### Derived terms

* trabecolare
* trabecolato
# régiség
## Hungarian
### Etymology

régi +‎ -ség

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈreːɡiʃeːɡ]
* Hyphenation: ré‧gi‧ség
* Rhymes: -eːɡ

### Noun

régiség (plural régiségek)
* antique, antiquities
    Synonym: antikvitás

#### Derived terms

* régiségbolt
* régiségkereskedés

### Further reading

* régiség in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# suspensi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch suspensie, from French suspension, from Latin suspensiō, suspensiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʊsˈpɛnsi]
* Hyphenation: sus‧pèn‧si

### Noun

suspènsi (plural suspensi-suspensi)
* suspension,
** a temporary or conditional delay, interruption or discontinuation.
** the temporary barring of a person from a workplace, society, etc. pending investigation into alleged misconduct.
** (chemistry, physics) the state of a solid or substance produced when its particles are mixed with, but not dissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining.
** (engineering) the system of springs and shock absorbers connected to the wheels in an automobile, which allows the vehicle to move smoothly with reduced shock to its occupants.

#### Synonyms

* (chemistry, engineering, physics): ampaian (Standard Malay)
* (chemistry, physics): penggantungan (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* bersuspensi
* tersuspensi

### Further reading

* “suspensi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Participle

suspēnsī
* inflection of suspēnsus:
** nominative/vocative masculine plural
** genitive masculine/neuter singular
# σταφυλή
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σταφυλίς (staphulís)

### Etymology

Though traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to be stiff; post”) (compare Sanskrit स्तम्भ (stambha, “pillar”), Old English stæf (“staff”)) via an assumed intermediate sense “stem”, according to Beekes, the word is clearly Pre-Greek, along with the related στέμφυλα (stémphula, “bunch of (pressed) olives or grapes”) and ἀσταφίς (astaphís, “dried grapes”). It must be noted that the usual Avar word for “grape” is цӏибил (cʼibil) and is internally derived in Caucasian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sta.pʰy.lɛ̌ː/ → /sta.ɸyˈli/ → /sta.fiˈli/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sta.pʰy.lɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /sta.pʰyˈle̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /sta.ɸyˈli/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /sta.fyˈli/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /sta.fiˈli/

### Noun

σταφυλή • (staphulḗ) f (genitive σταφυλῆς); first declension
* bunch of grapes
* (anatomy) uvula
    Synonym: γᾰργᾰρεών (gărgăreṓn)

#### Derived terms

* πολυστάφυλος (polustáphulos)
* στᾰφῠλᾰ́γρᾱ (stăphŭlắgrā)
* σταφυλοβολεῖον (staphuloboleîon)
* σταφυλόδενδρον (staphulódendron)

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Byzantine Greek: σταφύλιον (staphúlion)
** Greek: σταφύλι (stafýli)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σταφυλή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1391–1392
* ↑ Leschber, Corinna, Bengtson, John D. (2021) “Notes on some Pre-Greek words in relation to Euskaro-Caucasian (North Caucasian + Basque)”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, volume 19, numbers 1–2, →DOI, page 85

### Further reading

* “σταφυλή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* σταφυλή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* σταφυλή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4718 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. bunch idem, page 104.cluster idem, page 140.grape idem, page 369.

## Greek
### Alternative forms

* σταφυλίτης m (stafylítis)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sta.fiˈli/

### Noun

σταφυλή • (stafylí) f (plural σταφυλές)
* grape
* (anatomy) uvula

#### Synonyms

* (grape): σταφύλι (stafýli)

### Further reading

* σταφυλή on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$