# 拒

| 拒 | U+62D2, &#25298; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D2 |
| ← 拑 [U+62D1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 拓 → [U+62D3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

拒 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 手+4 in mainland China, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 手尸尸 (QSS), four-corner 5101$_7$, composition ⿰扌巨)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 425, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11957
* Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1835, character 1
* Unihan data for U+62D2

## Bailang
### Etymology

Compare Tibetan དགའ (dga', “delight”).

### Noun

拒 (*gɨɑʔ or kyaʔ)
* happiness

### References

* Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 柜 | *kaʔ |
| 渠 | *ɡa |
| 磲 | *ɡa |
| 蕖 | *ɡa |
| 蟝 | *ɡa |
| 璖 | *ɡa |
| 巨 | *ɡaʔ |
| 距 | *ɡaʔ |
| 拒 | *ɡaʔ |
| 苣 | *ɡaʔ |
| 炬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 詎 | *ɡaʔ, *ɡas |
| 鉅 | *ɡaʔ |
| 秬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 粔 | *ɡaʔ |
| 駏 | *ɡaʔ |
| 歫 | *ɡaʔ |
| 矩 | *kʷaʔ |
| 榘 | *kʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jù (ju$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): keoi$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ki$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kǐr / kū / kī / kǐ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ge$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^4$
*** Yale: jyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: keoi$^5$
*** Yale: kéuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koey$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kêu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɵy̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ki$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /køy²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ky²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐr
*** Tâi-lô: kǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
*** Tâi-lô: kū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ku
*** IPA (Taipei): /ku³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
*** Tâi-lô: kī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐ
*** Tâi-lô: kǐ
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ki³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ge$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: gjoX
Rime :
| Character | 拒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 其吕切 |
| Baxter | gjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 拒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7049 |
| Phonetic component | 巨 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaʔ/ |

### Definitions

拒
* (formal, or in compounds) to resist; to repel; to withstand
* (formal, or in compounds) to refuse; to reject
    拒收 ― jùshōu ― to refuse to accept
* (obsolete) to guard
* (obsolete) to reach; to arrive

#### Synonyms

* (to resist):
* 抵抗 (dǐkàng)
* 抵擋 / 抵挡 (dǐdǎng)
* 招架 (zhāojià)
* 抵禦 / 抵御 (dǐyù)
* 防禦 / 防御 (fángyù)
* (to refuse):
* 回絕 / 回绝 (huíjué)
* 屏絕 / 屏绝 (bǐngjué)
* 拒絕 / 拒绝 (jùjué)
* 摒絕 / 摒绝 (bìngjué)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to refuse”):
* 允諾 / 允诺 (yǔnnuò)
* 同意 (tóngyì)
* 壋頭 / 垱头 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, figurative)
* 應 / 应 (yīng)
* 批准 (pīzhǔn)
* 承認 / 承认 (chéngrèn)
* 擁護 / 拥护 (yōnghù)
* 答應 / 答应 (dāyìng)
* 認可 / 认可 (rènkě)
* 認同 / 认同 (rèntóng)
* 贊同 / 赞同 (zàntóng)
* 贊成 / 赞成 (zànchéng)
* 附合 (fùhé) (literary, to echo)
* 附和 (fùhè) (to echo)
* 附議 / 附议 (fùyì)
* 首肯 (shǒukěn) (literary)
* 點頭 / 点头 (diǎntóu) (figurative)

### Compounds

* 不可抗拒 (bùkě kàngjù)
* 來者不拒 / 来者不拒 (láizhěbùjù)
* 前門拒虎，後門進狼 / 前门拒虎，后门进狼
* 十動然拒 / 十动然拒 (shídòngránjù)
* 坦白從寬，抗拒從嚴 / 坦白从宽，抗拒从严
* 堅拒 / 坚拒
* 婉拒 (wǎnjù)
* 峻拒
* 扞拒
* 抗​拒
* 抗拒 (kàngjù)
* 抗拒性
* 投梭之拒
* 拒不接受
* 拒之門外 / 拒之门外 (jùzhīménwài)
* 拒付 (jùfù)
* 拒卻 / 拒却
* 拒塞
* 拒守
* 拒抗
* 抵拒
* 拒捕 (jùbǔ)
* 拒接 (jùjiē)
* 拒收 (jùshōu)
* 拒敵 / 拒敌 (jùdí)
* 拒斥
* 拒毒 (jùdú)
* 拒用
* 拒簽 / 拒签 (jùqiān)
* 拒絕 / 拒绝 (jùjué)
* 拒絕承付 / 拒绝承付
* 拒繳 / 拒缴
* 拒腐防變 / 拒腐防变
* 拒菸 / 拒烟
* 拒虎進狼 / 拒虎进狼
* 拒諫飾非 / 拒谏饰非
* 拒載 / 拒载 (jùzài)
* 拒食
* 拒馬 / 拒马 (jùmǎ)
* 推拒
* 撐拒 / 撑拒
* 攀車拒輪 / 攀车拒轮
* 斷然拒絕 / 断然拒绝
* 深閉固拒 / 深闭固拒
* 被拒
* 遭拒 (zāojù)
* 飾非拒諫 / 饰非拒谏

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 拒 |
| Kyūjitai | 拒󠄁 拒+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 拒󠄃 拒+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to refuse; to reject

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go)、こ (ko)
* Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
* Kun: こばむ (kobamu, 拒む, Jōyō)、ふせぐ (fusegu, 拒ぐ)

#### Compounds

* 拒(きょ)捍(かん)使(し) (kyokanshi)
* 拒(きょ)止(し) (kyoshi)
* 拒(きょ)食(しょく)症(しょう) (kyoshokushō)
* 拒(きょ)絶(ぜつ) (kyozetsu)
* 拒(きょ)断(だん) (kyodan)
* 拒(きょ)否(ひ) (kyohi)
* 拒(きょ)否(ひ)る (kyohiru)
* 拒(きょ)否(ひ)権(けん) (kyohiken)
* 拒(こ)捍(かん)使(し) (kokanshi)
* 抗(こう)拒(きょ) (kōkyo)
* 峻(しゅん)拒(きょ) (shunkyo)
* 着(ちゃっ)拒(きょ) (chakkyo)
* 防(ぼう)拒(きょ) (bōkyo)

### References

* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “拒”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ “拒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

拒 • (geo, gu) (hangeul 거, 구, revised geo, gu, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, ku, Yale ke, kwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

拒: Hán Nôm readings: cự
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.