OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prosecco
## English
### Etymology

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino di) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɹəˈsɛkoʊ/, /pɹoʊˈsɛkoʊ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛkəʊ

### Proper noun

Prosecco
* A variety of white grape grown in the Veneto region of Italy.

#### Translations
### Noun

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)
* A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.
** 2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

#### Translations
### See also

* Bellini
* sgroppino
# καλοκαίρι
## Greek
### Etymology

From Byzantine Greek καλοκαίριν (kalokaírin, “good season, good weather”), from Ancient Greek καλοκαίριον (kalokaírion, “fine weather”). By surface analysis, καλός (kalós) +‎ καιρός (kairós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.loˈce.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: κα‧λο‧καί‧ρι

### Noun

καλοκαίρι • (kalokaíri) n (plural καλοκαίρια)
* summertime, summer
    Synonym: θέρος (théros)
    ντάλα καλοκαίρι ― ntála kalokaíri ― high summer

#### Coordinate terms

* εποχή f (epochí, “season”)
* άνοιξη f (ánoixi, “spring”)
* φθινόπωρο n (fthinóporo, “autumn”)
* χειμώνας m (cheimónas, “winter”)

#### Derived terms

* γαϊδουροκαλόκαιρο n (gaïdourokalókairo, “too hot a summer”)
* καλοκαιρία f (kalokairía, “good weather”)
* καλοκαιριάζω (kalokairiázo, “to become summer”)
* καλοκαίριασμα n (kalokaíriasma, “becoming summer”)
* καλοκαιριάτικα (kalokairiátika, “in the summer (unusually)”)
* καλοκαιριάτικος (kalokairiátikos, “summery, summer”, adjective)
* καλοκαιρινός (kalokairinós, “summery, summer”, adjective)
* κατακαλόκαιρο n (katakalókairo, “high summer”)
* μεσοκαλόκαιρο n (mesokalókairo, “midsummer”)
* ντάλα καλοκαίρι (ntála kalokaíri, “high summer”)

#### Further reading

* καλοκαίρι on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* καλοκαίρι, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# injuriar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin iniūriāre, from Latin iniūriārī.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.ʒu.ɾiˈa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒu.ɾɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.ʒu.ɾiˈa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒu.ɾɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩ.ʒu.ɾiˈa(ɾ)/ [ĩ.ʒu.ɾɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩ.ʒu.ɾiˈa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒu.ɾɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.ʒu.ɾiˈa(ɻ)/ [ĩ.ʒu.ɾɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.ʒuˈɾjaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.ʒuˈɾjaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.ʒuˈɾja.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: in‧ju‧ri‧ar

### Verb

injuriar (first-person singular present injurio, first-person singular preterite injuriei, past participle injuriado)
* to slander (utter a slanderous statement)
    Synonyms: caluniar, difamar, insultar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* injúria

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin iniuriare, from Latin iniūriārī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inxuˈɾjaɾ/ [ĩŋ.xuˈɾjaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: in‧ju‧riar

### Verb

injuriar (first-person singular present injurio, first-person singular preterite injurié, past participle injuriado)
* (transitive) to insult
    Synonym: agraviar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* injuriador

#### Related terms

* injuria

### Further reading

* “injuriar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ἀρχαιολογία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos) +‎ -λογία (-logía)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.kʰai̯.o.lo.ɡí.aː/ → /ar.çɛ.o.loˈʝi.a/ → /ar.çe.o.loˈʝi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ar.kʰai̯.o.lo.ɡí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ar.kʰɛ.o.loˈɡi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ar.çɛ.o.loˈʝi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ar.çe.o.loˈʝi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ar.çe.o.loˈʝi.a/

### Noun

ἀρχαιολογίᾱ • (arkhaiologíā) f (genitive ἀρχαιολογίᾱς); first declension
* antiquarian lore, ancient legends or history

#### Descendants

* Greek: ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología)
* → Old Armenian: հնախօս (hnaxōs), հնախաւս (hnaxaws) (calque)
** Armenian: հնախոս (hnaxos)
* → Czech: archeologie
* → Danish: arkæologi
* → Dutch: archeologie
** Afrikaans: argeologie
** → Indonesian: arkeologi
* → English: archaeology, archeology
* → Esperanto: arkeologio, arĥeologio
* → Estonian: arheoloogia
* → Finnish: arkeologi
* → French: archéologie, archæologie
** → Turkish: arkeoloji
* → Hebrew: אַרְכֵאוֹלוֹגְיָה (arkheologya)
* → Ido: arkeologio
* → Latvian: arheoloģija
* → Lithuanian: archeologija
* → Macedonian: археологија (arheologija)
* → Norman: archéologie
* → Norwegian Bokmål: arkeologi
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: arkeologi
* → Romagnol: archeologì, archeologèja
* → Russian: археоло́гия (arxeológija)
** → Kazakh: археология (arxeologiä)
* → Serbo-Croatian: arheològija
* → Sicilian: archioluggìa, archiulugghìa, archiuluggìa
* → Swedish: arkeologi
* → Yiddish: אַרכעאָלאָגיע (arkheologye)
* → Zazaki: arkeoloci

### Further reading

* ἀρχαιολογία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀρχαιολογία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀρχαιολογία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀρχαιολογία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. antiquarian research idem, page 32.
# fréieren
## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrei̯ren/, [ˈfʀɜɪ̯.(ə.)ʀən]

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German vrieren, vriesen, from Old High German friosan.
Cognate with German frieren, Dutch vriezen, English freeze, Danish fryse, Icelandic frjósa.

#### Verb

fréieren (third-person singular present fréiert, past participle gefruer, auxiliary verb hunn)
* to freeze

##### Derived terms

* erfréieren

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

fréieren
* inflection of fréier:
** strong/weak nominative/accusative masculine singular
** weak dative masculine/neuter singular
** strong/weak dative plural
# post-Catholic
## English
### Alternative forms

* postcatholic, postCatholic

### Etymology

From post- +‎ Catholic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpəʊstˈkæθəlɪk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

post-Catholic (comparative more post-Catholic, superlative most post-Catholic)
* Pertaining to a society where Catholic values are no longer relevant.
** 2001, Dennis Walker, “Catholic Lebanese Writers under the French Mandate: The Response to High Arabic Literature Penned Beyond Lebanon”, in The Harp. A Review of Syriac, Oriental, and Ecumenical studies, volume 16. Festschrift G. Panicker, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, published 2012, →DOI, →ISBN, page 118:It was predictable that this post-Catholic American-Lebanese writer would be highlighted from a Lebanese-Egyptian journal that had long pioneered pan-Arab national consciousness in Egypt.
** 2021, Jo Harper, “3: Modern Poland’s Shifting Political Blocs”, in Our Man in Warszawa. How the West Misread Poland, Budapest: Central European University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 45:“The Left has a hard time admitting that the core of its message could go hand-in-hand with a coherent and politically mobilized group of voters who are Catholic or post-Catholic,” Wojciech Przybylski of the Res Publica think-tank in Warsaw says.

### Noun

post-Catholic (plural post-Catholics)
* An advocate of a society with values postdating Catholicism.
** 1991, Carol Anne Douglas, “[Review of] Fierce Tenderness: A Feminist Theology of Friendship, Mary E. Hunt”, in Off Our Backs‎, volume 21, number 4, page 18b:Like Hunt, I am a postCatholic, but it is difficult for me to define Christians as justice-seeking.

### See also

* post-Christian
* postreligious
* post-Muslim
* postmodernist
* postideological
* postcommunist
# savad
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1

From Persian سواد. Possibly same as Etymology 2.

#### Noun

savad (definite accusative savadı, plural savadlar)
* (specifically) literacy
* (more broadly) competence; ableness; being knowledgeable

##### Derived terms

* savadlı
* savadsız
* yarımsavadlı

### Etymology 2

From Arabic سَوَاد (sawād).

#### Noun

savad (definite accusative savadı, plural savadlar)
* niello

### Further reading

* “savad” in Obastan.com.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

sav +‎ -ad (possessive suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃɒvɒd]
* Hyphenation: sa‧vad

### Noun

savad
* second-person singular single-possession possessive of sav

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Participle

savad
* past participle of sava
# ríp-pê
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zip̚˧˦ pe˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐip̚˦˧˥ pej˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹip̚˦˥ pej˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: ríp pê

### Verb

ríp-pê
* Alternative spelling of ríp pê
# exponenciální
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛksponɛnt͡sɪjaːlɲiː]

### Adjective

exponenciální
* exponential
    exponenciální klouzavý průměr ― exponential moving average

#### Related terms

* See póza
* exponent

### Further reading

* “exponenciální”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “exponenciální”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “exponenciální”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# -άκι
## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from diminutive Mediaval Byzantine Greek -άκι (-áki) / -άκιν, from diminutive Hellenistic Koine Greek -άκιον (-ákion). A reanalysis of Ancient Greek diminutives formed with the suffix -ιον (-ion) from nouns ending in -αξ (-ax), stem -ακ- (-ak-), retaining or not retaining the diminutive sense. Examples: the modern λαβράκι (lavráki) < Ancient Greek λαβράκιον (labrákion) from λάβραξ (lábrax, “seabass”), the modern ρυάκι (ryáki) < Hellenistic ῥυάκιον (rhuákion) from ῥύαξ (rhúax, “torrential stream, esp. of lava”), συάκιν (suákin) from σῦαξ (sûax, “a fish species”). See also ἱεράκιον (hierákion), καμάκι (kamáki) and αυλάκι (avláki).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ci/
* Hyphenation: -ά‧κι
* Homophone: -άκοι (-ákoi)

### Suffix

-άκι • (-áki) n
* Added to nouns (chiefly neuter) to give a diminutive form, expressing small size or affection.
    ‎ποτάμι (potámi, “river”) + ‎-άκι (-áki) → ‎ποταμάκι (potamáki, “rivulet”)
    ‎άντρας (ántras, “husband”) + ‎-άκι (-áki) → ‎αντράκι (antráki)
    ‎γυναίκα (gynaíka, “wife”) + ‎-άκι (-áki) → ‎γυναικάκι (gynaikáki)
    ‎κερί (kerí, “candle”) + ‎-άκι (-áki) → ‎κεράκι (keráki, “small candle”)

#### Declension

Genitive forms are rare or non-existent.

#### Synonyms

* -ούλα (-oúla) (used with feminine nouns)
* -ίτσα (-ítsa) (used with feminine nouns)

#### Antonyms

* -άρα (-ára)
* -αρος (-aros)

#### Derived terms

* -άκης (-ákis)
* -άκιας (-ákias)

#### See also

Not suffixed with -άκι:
* βαρβάκι (varváki)
* ζαμπάκι (zampáki)
* καπάκι (kapáki)
* κονάκι (konáki)
* πασουμάκι (pasoumáki)
* σκάκι (skáki)
* σοκάκι (sokáki)
* σουμάκι (soumáki)
* σπανάκι (spanáki)
* τζάκι (tzáki)
* τσανάκι (tsanáki)
* τσαρδάκι (tsardáki)

#### References

* ↑ -άκι - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
* ↑ -άκι, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* ↑ -άκι - Georgakas, Demetrius, 1908-1990 (1960-2009) A Modern Greek-English Dictionary [MGED online, 2009. letter α only (abbreviations)], Centre for the Greek language
# greko
## Basque
### Etymology

From Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡreko/ [ɡre.ko]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eko
* Hyphenation: gre‧ko

### Adjective

greko (not comparable)
* Greek
    Synonym: greziar

#### Derived terms

* greko-erromatar (“Greco-Roman”)

### Noun

greko anim
* a Greek person
    Synonym: greziar

#### Declension
### Noun

greko inan
* the Greek language
    Synonym: greziera

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “greko”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “greko”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

greko (accusative singular grekon, plural grekoj, accusative plural grekojn)
* a Greek person, a Grecian (inhabitant, etc., of Greece)

#### Synonyms

* heleno (“Hellene”)

#### Hypernyms

* eŭropano (“European”)

#### Related terms

* greka (“Greek”)
* Grekio (“Greece”)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɛ.kɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɛkɔ
* Syllabification: gre‧ko

### Noun

greko f
* vocative singular of greka
# Pancratius
## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Παγκράτιος (Pankrátios).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /panˈkra.ti.us/, [päŋˈkrät̪iʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /panˈkrat.t͡si.us/, [päŋˈkrät̪ː͡s̪ius]

### Proper noun

Pancratius m sg (genitive Pancratiī or Pancratī); second declension
* A masculine cognomen.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: Pancraç
* → English: Pancras
* →⇒ Finnish: Pankka, Pantsu
* → French: Pancrace
* → Hungarian: Pongrác
** → Romanian: Pângărați
* → Italian: Pancrazio
* → Portuguese: Pancrácio
* → Romanian: Pancrațiu
* → Spanish: Pancracio
* → Translingual: Pancratium
# кӧлек
## Khakas
### Etymology

From Old Turkic [script needed] (kölige), from Proto-Turkic *köl-.
Cognate to Turkish gölge, Turkmen kölege, Azerbaijani kölgə, Uzbek ko'lanka, Kazakh көлеңке (köleñke), Crimean Tatar kölge,Kumyk гёлентки (gölentki), Kyrgyz көлөкө (kölökö), Southern Altai кӧлӧтки (kölötki), Tatar күләгә (külägä), Bashkir күләгә (küləgə), Western Yugur küleke, Tuvan хөлеге (xölege), Shor кӧлетки, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kœlʲɛk]
* Hyphenation: кӧ‧лек

### Noun

кӧлек • (transliteration needed)
* shadow
# 手摺仔簿
## Chinese

| | | hand; convenient; ‑er | folded document; to fold | minutely; young; dutyminutely; young; duty; responsibility | a book; a register; account-book |
| trad. (手摺仔簿) | trad. (手摺仔簿) | 手 | 摺 | 仔 | 簿 |
| simp. (手折仔簿) | simp. (手折仔簿) | 手 | 折 | 仔 | 簿 |
(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "手折仔簿".)

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiú-chih-á-phō͘
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiú-chih-á-phō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshiú-tsih-á-phōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiwcih'afpho
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔ²²/

### Noun

手摺仔簿
* (Xiamen Hokkien) passbook; deposit book; bankbook

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 存摺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 紅簿仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 紅簿仔, 簿仔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 存摺, 手摺仔簿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 寄金簿仔 GT, 手摺簿仔 GT |
# tartozik
## Hungarian
### Etymology

tart +‎ -ozik

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɒrtozik]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: tar‧to‧zik
* Rhymes: -ozik

### Verb

tartozik
* (intransitive) to belong to someone or something, appertain (-hoz/-hez/-höz)
    Kihez tartozik ez a kutya? ― Who does this dog belong to?
    Ez a tányér a készlethez tartozik. ― This plate belongs to the set.
* (intransitive) to fall under something (-ba/-be), be classed among, be categorized among
    Milyen vércsoportba tartozik? ― What is your blood type?
* (intransitive) to owe someone (-nak/-nek) something (-val/-vel)
    Sok pénzzel tartozik a szüleinek ― He owes his parents a lot of money.
    Tartozik neked egy magyarázattal. ― She owes you an explanation.
* (intransitive) to concern someone (-ra/-re)
    A magánügyem nem tartozik másra. ― My private life should not concern others.

#### Derived terms

* tartozás
* tartozék
(With verbal prefixes):
* beletartozik
* hozzátartozik
* idetartozik
* odatartozik
* összetartozik

### Noun

tartozik
* (finance, also capitalized) the debit (left) side in bookkeeping, liabilities, i.e. expenditure
    Antonym: követel

#### Declension

It is rarely if ever used with suffixes.

### Further reading

* tartozik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# viên ngoại
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 員外.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [viən˧˧ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨] ~ [jiəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

### Noun

viên ngoại
* (historical) minor official position in ancient royal ministries
* (historical) honorific title granted to wealthy notables
* (historical) a wealthy person without any official positions
** 1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, lines 11–12:固(Có)茹(nhà)員(viên)外(ngoại)户(họ)王(Vương) 家(Gia)資(tư)擬(nghĩ)拱(cũng)常(thường)常(thường)堛(bậc)中(trung)There was a respectable townsman with the surname Vương. Of modest wealth, he belonged to the middle class of society.

### References

* André Nguyễn Văn Châu (2014), The New Vietnamese-English Dictionary, ISBN 9781941345498
* Tra cứu Từ điển Tiếng Việt - từ: viên ngoại, chunom.net
# indigobird
## English
### Etymology

From indigo +‎ bird, from its deep blue-black colour.

### Noun

indigobird (plural indigobirds)
* Any of various African passerine birds of the family Viduidae.
# γαμπρός
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* γαμβρός m (gamvrós) (obsolete)

### Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek γαμπρός (gamprós), form of γαμβρός (gambrós), from Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣamˈbɾos/
* Hyphenation: γα‧μπρός

### Noun

γαμπρός • (gamprós) m (plural γαμπροί)
* son-in-law, specifically daughter's husband
* brother-in-law, specifically sister's husband
* bridegroom, groom
* eligible bachelor

#### Related terms

* γαμπριάτικος (gampriátikos, “belonging to the bridegroom”)
* γαμπρίζω (gamprízo, “court, date”)
* νιόγαμπρος m (niógampros, “newly married man”), νεόγαμβρος (neógamvros)
* σύγαμπρος m (sýgampros, “brother-in-law”)
* σώγαμπρος m (sógampros, “son-in-law who lives with his in-laws”), εσώγαμβρος (esógamvros)
* and see: γαμβρός (gamvrós)

#### Descendants

* → Aromanian: yrambo

### Further reading

* γαμπρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# cráter
## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾateɾ/ [ˈkɾa.t̪eɾ]
* Rhymes: -ateɾ
* Hyphenation: crá‧ter

### Noun

cráter m (plural cráteres)
* crater

### Further reading

* “cráter”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin crātēr (“cup”), from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (kratḗr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾateɾ/ [ˈkɾa.t̪eɾ]
* Rhymes: -ateɾ
* Syllabification: crá‧ter

### Noun

cráter m (plural cráteres)
* crater

#### Derived terms

* cráter de impacto

### Further reading

* “cráter”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# σπήλαιον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From the same Pre-Greek source as σπέος (spéos) and σπῆλυγξ (spêlunx).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spɛ̌ː.lai̯.on/ → /ˈspi.lɛ.on/ → /ˈspi.le.on/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /spɛ̌ː.lai̯.on/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈspe̝.lɛ.on/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈspi.lɛ.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈspi.le.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈspi.le.on/

### Noun

σπήλαιον • (spḗlaion) n (genitive σπελαίου); second declension
* grotto, cave, cavern
* den, lair
** 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 21:13:καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Γέγραπται ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται· ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν ποιεῖτε σπήλαιον λῃστῶν.kaì légei autoîs, Gégraptai ho oîkós mou oîkos proseukhês klēthḗsetai; humeîs dè autòn poieîte spḗlaion lēistôn.And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. (KJV)

#### Descendants

* Greek: σπηλιά (spiliá)
* → Albanian: shpellë
* → Coptic: ⲥⲡⲏⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ (spēlaion), ⲥⲡⲏⲗⲩⲟⲛ (spēluon) — Sahidic, ⲥⲡⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛ (speleōn) — Bohairic
* → English: speleo-
* → French: spéléo-
* → Hungarian: szpeleo-
* → Italian: speleo-
* → Latvian: speleo-
* → Serbo-Croatian: speleo-
* →⇒ Translingual: Spelerpes
** → Italian: spelerpe

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1382

### Further reading

* σπήλαιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “σπήλαιον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “σπήλαιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* G4693 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. cave idem, page 119.den idem, page 210.lair idem, page 474.lurking idem, page 505.vault idem, page 945.
# caake
## Middle English
### Noun

caake
* Alternative form of cake

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* kaake

### Etymology

From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka, from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ. Cognate with Scots cyaak, kyaak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːk/

### Noun

caake
* cake
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 63:Pussough caake.A large loaf.

#### Derived terms

* breede-kaake

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 29
# จุ่ม
## Thai
### Etymology

Probably related with จุ้ม (jûm), จิ้ม (jîm), and จ่อม (jɔ̀ɔm). Cognate with Isan จุ่ม, Lao ຈຸ່ມ (chum), Northern Thai ᨧᩩ᩵ᨾ (cum²), Khün ᨧᩩ᩵ᨾ (cum²), Lü ᦈᦳᧄᧈ (ṫsum¹), Tai Dam ꪊꪴ꪿ꪣ (chúm), Shan ၸုမ်ႇ (tsùm), Tai Nüa ᥓᥧᥛᥱ (tsǔm), Ahom 𑜋𑜤𑜉𑜫 (chum). Compare Middle Chinese 蘸 (MC tsreamH, “to dip”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | จุ่ม t͡ɕ u ˋ m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | jùm |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | chum |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕum˨˩/ |

### Verb

จุ่ม • (jùm) (abstract noun การจุ่ม)
* to soak, dip, immerse, douse.

#### Synonyms

* จุ้ม (jûm), จิ้ม (jîm)
# carbuncular
## English
### Adjective

carbuncular (comparative more carbuncular, superlative most carbuncular)
* Of, pertaining to, or resembling a carbuncle.
** 1861, Valentine Mott, Eulogy on the late John W. Francis, M.D., LL.D:Such a mass of carbuncular disease I have rarely seen.

#### Derived terms

* carbuncularly