# candu
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay candu, from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃandu]
* Hyphenation: can‧du

### Noun

candu (plural)
* opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.
* opium poppy: Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted.
* tar: a black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
    Synonym: tar
* (figurative) hobby
    Synonym: kegemaran

#### Alternative forms

* tjandoe (1901–1947)

#### Synonyms

* apiun
* madat
* opium

#### Affixed terms

* kecanduan
* mencandu
* mencandui
* mencandukan
* pecandu
* pencandu
* percanduan

### Further reading

* “candu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

candu
* Romanization of ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

### Noun

candu (Jawi spelling چندو, plural candu-candu, informal 1st possessive canduku, 2nd possessive candumu, 3rd possessive candunya)
* opium (drug from opium poppy)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: candu
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: चंडू (caṇḍū, “opium”)
* → Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium”)
* → Tamil: சண்டு (caṇṭu, “opium”)

### Further reading

* “candu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”). Compare to Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium, tar”).

### Noun

candu
* a kind of unguent, a kind of dye.

### Further reading

* "candu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Sassarese
### Alternative forms

* cand' (apocopic, found before a vowel sound)

### Etymology

From Latin quandō (“when”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkandu/

### Adverb

candu
* (interrogative) when
    Candu ischumenza l'ippittàcuru? ― When does the show start?
** 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter XXIV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎, London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 3, page 96:Dizzi, candu hani a accadì chilti cosi?[Dizzi, candu hani a accadì chisthi cosi?]Tell us, when will these things happen?

### Conjunction

candu
* when
    Veni candu voi ― Come whenever you want (literally, “Come when you want”)
** 1863, chapter VIII, in Giovanni Spano, transl., Lu càntiggu de li càntigghi di Salamoni [Solomon's Song of songs]‎ (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Canticum canticorum, verse 10, page 19:Eju lu muru: e li me’ titti cumenti una torra, finza da candu denanz’a eddu sogg’eju comu chidda, ch’ha incuntraddu la pazi.[Éiu lu muru: e li me’ titti cumenti una torra, finza da candu denanz’a eddu sogg’éiu comu chidda, ch’ha incuntraddu la pazi.]I [am] a wall, and my breasts as towers, since when in front of him I am as one who has found peace.
** 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Pascha d’amòri [Easter of love]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 75:Lassa i la pruzissïoni a mamma tóia arrasendi. Candu lu Cristhu è passendi cresci la mé passïoni.Leave your mother praying in the procession. When Christ passes, my passion grows.
** 1989 [1934], Giovanni Maria Cherchi, Paràuri [Words], adaptation of Parole by Umberto Saba; collected in La poesia di l'althri, Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1989, page 11:S’isciogliaristhia i lu matessi tempu lu muntoni trimendu di l’ammenti cument’e nèbi candu v’è lu sòri.[original: […] Insieme delle memorie spaventose il cumulo si scioglierebbe, come neve al sole.]At the same time, the dreadful heap of memories would melt like snow when the sun is there.

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes