OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ܐܘܪܩܥܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Alternative forms

* ܐܪܩܘܥܬܐ, ܪܩܘܥܬܐ

### Etymology

From the root ܪ ܩ ܥ related to compacting. Compare Arabic رُقْعَة (ruqʕa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʔurqaʕ(ə)θɑ], [ʔurq(ə)ʕ(ə)θɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ʔurq(ə)ʕɑθɑ], [ruqʕe] (plural)

### Noun

ܐܘܪܩܥܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܪܘܩܥܐ or ܐܘܪܩܥܬܐ)
* cloth, patch, rag, tatter
* sheet of paper

#### Inflection
### References

* “rwqˁh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 353a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 8b,536a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 23a
# given one's best
## English
### Verb

given one's best
* past participle of give one's best
# středa
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* st (abbreviation)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech střěda, from Proto-Slavic *serda (“middle [of the week]”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstr̝̊ɛda]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛda
* Hyphenation: stře‧da

### Noun

středa f (relational adjective středeční)
* Wednesday
    ve středu ― on Wednesday
    každou středu ― on Wednesdays
    do středy ― by Wednesday

#### Hypernyms

* den

#### Hyponyms

* černá středa
* Popeleční středa
* Škaredá středa

#### Derived terms

* (wednesday 40 days before easter) popeleční středa

#### Related terms

* prostředek
* prostřední
* prostředníček
* prostředník
* soustředění
* soustředit
* soustředný
* střed
* středolevý
* středopravý
* uprostřed
* vystředit
* výstřední
* výstředný

#### See also

(days of the week) dny v týdnu; pondělí, úterý, středa, čtvrtek, pátek, sobota, neděle

### Further reading

* “středa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “středa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “středa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Pepsi
## English
### Alternative forms

* pepsi (nonstandard)

### Etymology

Originally short for Pepsi-Cola, coined in 1898 as a renaming of the brand from "Brad's Drink", in order to imply that the fizzy drink could cure dyspepsia. While some have suggested Pepsi is short for the digestive enzyme pepsin, sometimes with the assumption that pepsin was used as an ingredient in Pepsi, this is a folk etymology, as there is no official confirmation of it nor any evidence for a link between the enzyme and the beverage. Nonetheless, both the words pepsin and dyspepsia ultimately derive from Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis), which means “cooking, fermentation or digestion”. (Compare Italian pepsi, from the same source.) (Can this etymology be sourced?)
(person from Quebec): In reference to their supposed love of junk food.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: pĕpʹsē, IPA: /ˈpɛpsi/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

Pepsi
* A brand of carbonated cola non-alcoholic drink produced by the company PepsiCo.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:Pepsi.

#### Derived terms

* Pepsi Challenge
* Pepsi paradox

#### Translations
### Noun

Pepsi (plural Pepsis)
* A serving of Pepsi.
    I'll have a Pepsi with that.
* (slang, ethnic slur) A person from Quebec, Canada.
** 1993, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, volume 20, page 276:[…] and to maintain a relatively superior, paternalistic position from which French Canadians are for the most part regarded as 'peasoups' or 'Pepsis,' as fellow citizens requiring benevolent supervision […]

#### Descendants

* → French: pepsi
* → Hindi: पेप्सी (pepsī)
* → Mauritian Creole: pepsi
* → Polish: pepsi
* → Portuguese: Pepsi, pepsi
* → Serbo-Croatian: Pepsi, pepsi

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Seipp, PIPEs, Pipes, pipes

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

Pepsi n (Cyrillic spelling Пепси)
* Pepsi (brand of carbonated cola non-alcoholic drink produced by the company Pepsi)
# filho
## Galician
### Noun

filho m (plural filhos, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of fillo

### References

* “filho” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Mirandese
### Etymology

From Latin fīlius.

### Noun

filho (plural filhos, feminine filha, feminine plural filhas)
* son

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* fi' (apocopic form), fillo

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin fīlius. Compare Old Spanish fijo and Mozarabic פליו (flyw).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.ʎo/

### Noun

filho m (plural filhos, feminine filha, feminine plural filhas)
* son
** 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 4 (facsimile):
    Eſta e como Santa maria guardou ao fillo do judeu que non ardeſſe que ſeu padre deitara no forno.
       This one is [about] how Holy Mary protected the son of the Jew whose father had laid him in the furnace from being burnt.

#### Descendants

* Fala: fillu
* Galician: fillo
* Portuguese: filho (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "filho"

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* fio (pronunciation spelling, Caipira)
* fi (pronunciation spelling)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese filho (“son”), from Latin fīlius (“son”), from Old Latin fīlios (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁y-li-os (“sucker”), a derivation from the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”). Compare Galician fillo and Spanish hijo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.ʎu/
* (Rural Central Brazil) IPA: /ˈfij/, /ˈfi.jʷ/
* Rhymes: -iʎu
* Homophone: filo (Madeira)
* Hyphenation: fi‧lho
* Audio (Portugal):(file)
* Audio (Brazil):(file)

### Noun

filho m (plural filhos, feminine filha, feminine plural filhas)
* son (male offspring)
* child (offspring of any sex)
* (informal) son (term of address for a younger male)
* (somewhat poetic) son; child (any descendant)
* child (any person or thing heavily influenced by something else)
* (graph theory) child (a node, of a tree, that has a parent node)

#### Usage notes

Usually used in reference to humans, while the offspring of an animal is more often called cria.

#### Synonyms

* (offspring): rebento
* (used to address a younger male): (meu filho), rapaz, jovem
* (descendant): descendente

#### Derived terms

* filhão (augmentative)
* filhinho (diminutive)
* filho da mãe
* filho da puta
* filho de Deus
* filho de santo
* meu filho

#### Related terms

* afilhação
* afilhado
* afilhar
* filhar
* filhote
* filiação
* filial
* filiar

#### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: fidju
* Indo-Portuguese: filh
* Kabuverdianu: fidju
# consono
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin cōnsonus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔn.so.no/
* Rhymes: -ɔnsono

### Adjective

consono (feminine consona, masculine plural consoni, feminine plural consone)
* consistent, consonant, fit, in keeping with

#### Related terms

* consonanza

### Further reading

* consono in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

From cōn- < con- +‎ sonō (“sound, resound”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkon.so.noː/, [ˈkõːs̠ɔnoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkon.so.no/, [ˈkɔnsono]

### Verb

cōnsonō (present infinitive cōnsonāre, perfect active cōnsonuī); first conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
* (intransitive) to sound at the same time or together; sound aloud, resound, reecho
* (intransitive, figuratively) to be in harmony, agree, accord, harmonize

#### Derived terms

* cōnsonāns
* cōnsonanter
* cōnsonantia
* cōnsonātiō

#### Related terms

* assonō
* circumsonō
* dissonō
* exsonō
* īnsonō
* intersonō
* obsonō
* personō
* praesonō
* resonō
* sonō
* subsonō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: consonar
* → English: consonate
* French: consoner
* Italian: consonare
* Portuguese: consoar
* Spanish: consonar

### References

* “consono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “consono”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* consono in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# sadisma
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [saˈdisma]
* Rhymes: -isma
* Hyphenation: sa‧dis‧ma

### Adjective

sadisma (accusative singular sadisman, plural sadismaj, accusative plural sadismajn)
* sadistic
# dudok
## Old Slovak
### Alternative forms

* dedek

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Polish dudek. First attested in 1592.

### Noun

dudok m inan (relational adjective dudkový)
* silver coin worth 3 groszy, minted in Poland since 1528 (named after a humorous reference to the eagle on its reverse)

### Further reading

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “dudok”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
# ܓܘܪܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

Possibly Borrowed from Northern Kurdish گەورە (gewre), from Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā). Otherwise a derivative of ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā, “man”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ɡuːrɑː]
* (Barwari) IPA: [ɡoːra]
* (Urmia) IPA: [d͡ʒuːrɑː]

### Adjective

ܓܘܼܪܵܐ • (gura) m (feminine ܓܘܼܪܬܵܐ (gurta), plural ܓܘܼܪܹ̈ܐ (gure))
* great, big, huge, massive

### Noun

ܓܘܼܪܵܐ • (gura) m (feminine ܓܘܼܪܬܵܐ (gurta), plural ܓܘܼܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (gurane))
* elder, leader

#### Synonyms

* (great, leader): ܪܲܒܵܐ (rābba)
* (great): ܟܲܒܝܼܪܵܐ (kābīra)
* (leader): ܡܵܪܵܐ (mara)

## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

Compare Arabic جَرَّة (jarra).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡurɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡure] (plural)

#### Noun

ܓܘܪܐ • (gūrā) m (plural ܓܘܪܐ (gūrē))
* jug

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܓ ܘ ܪ related to committing adultery. Compare Arabic جَوْر (jawr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡawrɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡawre] (plural)

#### Noun

ܓܘܪܐ • (gawrā) m (plural ܓܘܪܐ (gawrē))
* adultery

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡawrɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡawre] (plural)

#### Noun

ܓܘܪܐ • (gawrā) f (plural ܓܘܪܐ (gawrē))
* (typography) column

##### Usage notes

This word rarely appears as masculine.

##### Inflection
### References

* “gwr$^4$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “gwr$^3$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “gwr$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 129b
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 45b
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 66a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 220a

## Turoyo
### Etymology

From Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡawro/

### Noun

ܓܰܘܪܳܐ • (gawro) m
* man, husband
    Synonym: ܙܠܐܡ (zlām)
# giving one's best
## English
### Verb

giving one's best
* present participle and gerund of give one's best
# angiosperm
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “receptacle”) + σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”), equivalent to angio- +‎ sperm. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Do we know when the term was coined?”)

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əˌspɝm/
** Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

angiosperm (plural angiosperms)
* (botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 3-4:As with the Lejeuneaceae, this pattern of massive speciation appears to be correlated with the Cretaceous explosion of the angiosperms and the simultaneous creation of a host of new microenvironments, differing in humidity, light intensity, texture, etc.
** 1997, Valentin A. Krassilov, Angiosperm Origins: Morphological and Ecological Aspects‎, page 134:The notion of magnoliaceans as the most primitive living angiosperms, justified or not, does not mean that all their characters, including multilacunar nodal anatomy and the lack of tannins, are primary.
** 2009, Xin Wang, 3: New Fossils and New Hope for the Origin of Angiosperms, Pierre Pontarotti, Evolutionary Biology: Concept, Modeling, and Application, page 55,
    With all these features, it is pretty easy for one to identify an angiosperm. This is a very normal and common practice for neobotanists. However, the situation becomes complicated when you go back to the early history of angiosperms.
** 2016 March 2, “Depositional Environment of Mio-Pliocene Siwalik Sedimentary Strata from the Darjeeling Himalayan Foothills, India: A Palynological Approach”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:The palynoassemblage is rich in angiosperm taxa (45.63%) followed by gymnosperms (0.45%), pteridophytes (18.49%) and fungal remains (23.88%).

#### Derived terms

* angiospermal
* angiospermic
* angiospermous
* nonangiosperm

#### Related terms

* gymnosperm

#### Translations
### See also

* Angiospermae
* Angiosperms
* Magnoliophyta
* Magnoliopsida

### References

* Category:angiosperms on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French angiosperme.

### Noun

angiosperm f (plural angiospermi)
* angiosperm
# 變法
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): biànfǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bin$^3$ faat$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): piàn-hoat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biànfǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biànfǎ
*** Wade–Giles: pien$^4$-fa$^3$
*** Yale: byàn-fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biannfaa
*** Palladius: бяньфа (bjanʹfa)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɛn⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (變法兒 / 变法儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biànfǎr
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biànfǎr
*** Wade–Giles: pien$^4$-fa$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: byàn-fǎr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biannfaal
*** Palladius: бяньфар (bjanʹfar)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɛn⁵¹ fɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bin$^3$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: bin faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bin$^3$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bin$^3$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːn³³ faːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piàn-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: piàn-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piernhoad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/

### Verb

變⫽法 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to undergo administrative change; to undergo political change
    商鞅變法／商鞅变法 ― Shāng Yāng Biànfǎ ― the Reforms of Shang Yang
    From: The Firmament of the Pleiades
    Biànfǎ biàndé rénxīnhuánghuáng, yuànshēngzàidào. Jūrán hái zhǎo rìběnrén dāng gùwèn. Zhè bùshì yǐnlángrùshì, qǐng guǐ lái kāi yàofāng ne? [Pinyin]
    The administrative reform has turned public sentiment into fright that hue and cry can be heard from every corner. Yet you went to extremes to get a Japanese to serve as your adviser? Isn't this an act of leading a wolf into your chamber, inviting a ghost to write for you a medication order?
* (colloquial) to use an unconventional method; to try a different way

#### Synonyms

* (to undergo administrative change): (Min Nan) 變步／变步

#### Derived terms

* 戊戌變法 / 戊戌变法 (Wùxū Biànfǎ)
# baciti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From older bačiti, from Proto-Slavic *bačiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bǎːt͡siti/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ci‧ti

### Verb

báciti pf (Cyrillic spelling ба́цити, imperfective bàcati)
* (transitive) to throw, cast
    baciti kocku ― to cast a die
    Baci mi loptu! ― Throw me the ball!
* (transitive) to throw out, discard, dispose
    baciti smeće/đubre ― to throw out the trash
* (transitive, sports) to throw (spear, discus etc.)
    baciti koplje ― to throw the javelin
* idiomatic and figurative senses that refer to throwing, literally or figuratively
    baciti u vodu ― to discard, waste (literally, “throw in the water”)
    nije za baciti ― nothing to sneeze at (literally, “not to be thrown away”)
    baciti ulje na vatru ― to add fuel to the fire (literally, “throw oil to the fire”)
    baciti se na učenje ― to hit the books (literally, “throw oneself at studying”)

#### Derived terms

* báciti kȍsku
* dobáciti
* izbáciti
* nabáciti
* odbáciti
* podbáciti
* prebáciti
* predbáciti
* ubáciti
* uzbáciti
* zabáciti
* zbáciti

### Further reading

* “baciti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “baciti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# 法王
## Chinese
### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मराज (dharmarāja).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$ wong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎwáng
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^3$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: fǎ-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faawang
*** Palladius: фаван (favan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: faat wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³ wɔːŋ²¹/

### Noun

法王
* (Buddhism) dharma-king, an epithet for a Buddha
    From: Avatamsaka Sutra
    Zhū fó fǎwáng, jiē xī shǒuhù cǐ púsà móhēsà. [Pinyin]
    All Buddhas, the dharma-kings, will protect this bodhisattva-mahasattva.
* (Church of the East, historical) an epithet for God

#### Derived terms

* 雷電法王 / 雷电法王 (Léidiàn Fǎwáng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 法王(ほうおう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 법왕(法王) (beobwang)
* → Vietnamese: pháp vương (法王)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “法王” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 法 | 王 |
| ほう Grade: 4 | おう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Japan):(file)

### Noun

法(ほう)王(おう) • (hōō)
* (historical) (also rendered as 法皇) Ex-emperor and monk; Ex-emperor in cloister who is also in Buddhist priesthood.
* (Christianity) pope
    ローマ法王(ほうおう)
       Rōma-hōō
       Roman pontiff / the Pope (proscribed)

#### Synonyms

* 教皇

#### Derived terms

* 法王権
* 法王庁

### Suffix

法(ほう)王(おう) • (-hōō)
* (religion) a religious Leader (Lit. "King of the Law (Dharma)")
    ダライ・ラマ法王(ほうおう)
       Darai Rama-hōō
       His Holiness the Dalai Lama

#### Synonyms

* 院

### References

* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 法 | 王 |

### Noun

法王
* chữ Hán form of pháp vương.
# 최소화
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 最小化, from 最小 + 化.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕʰwe̞(ː)sʰo̞βwa̠] ~ [ˈt͡ɕʰø̞(ː)sʰo̞βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [췌(ː)소화/최(ː)소화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

최소화 • (choesohwa) (hanja 最小化)
* minimization

#### Antonyms

* 최대화(最大化) (choedaehwa)

#### Derived terms

* 최소화(最小化)되다 (choesohwadoeda)
* 최소화(最小化)하다 (choesohwahada)
# ܓܪܦܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From the root ܓ ܪ ܦ related to flooding. Compare Arabic جِرْف (jirf), جُرْف (jurf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡarpɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [ɡarpe] (plural)

### Noun

ܓܪܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܓܪܦܐ)
* flood

#### Inflection
### References

* “grp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 55a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 79a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 263b
# given the word
## English
### Verb

given the word
* past participle of give the word
# cited
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaɪtɪd/
* Homophones: sighted, sited
** (General American) IPA: [ˈsɐɪ̯ɾɪd]
*** Audio (US):(file)
** (US, weak vowel merger) IPA: [ˈsɐɪ̯ɾəd]
** Homophones: sighted, sited, sided
* Rhymes: -aɪtɪd

### Verb

cited
* simple past and past participle of cite

### Adjective

cited (comparative more cited, superlative most cited)
* That has a citation

#### Derived terms

* above-cited
* aforecited
* beforecited
* forecited
* precited
* uncited
* undercited

### Anagrams

* edict, ticed

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* citad (Rumantsch Grischun)
* cità (Vallader)

### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin cīvitātem (“city”).

### Noun

cited f (plural citeds)
* (Puter) city

#### Synonyms

* (Sursilvan) marcau
* (Sutsilvan) martgieu, martgo
* (Surmiran) martgea
# Sies
## Hunsrik
### Alternative forms

* siis (Wiesemann spelling)

### Etymology

Nominalization of sies (“sweet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsiːs/
* Rhymes: -iːs
* Syllabification: Sies
* Homophone: sies

### Noun

Sies f (plural Siese)
* candy
* dessert

### References

* Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Sies”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 151, column 1
# rezati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* rjezati
* rizati

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rězati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rêzati/
* Hyphenation: re‧za‧ti

### Verb

rȅzati impf (Cyrillic spelling ре̏зати)
* (transitive) to cut
* (transitive) to carve, engrave (wood, stone etc.)
* (transitive) to trim (branches etc.)

#### Derived terms

* ìzrezati
* nàrezati
* òbrezati
* òdrezati
* òrezati
* pòdrezati
* prèrezati
* prìrezati
* pròrezati
* ràzrezati
* srȅzati
* ùrezati
* zàrezati

#### Related terms

* rèzāčki
* nerez
* rez
* rèzāč

### Further reading

* “rezati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rězati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rèːzati/
* Hyphenation: re‧za‧ti

### Verb

rẹ́zati impf
* to cut

#### Derived terms

* izrẹ́zati
* narẹ́zati
* obrẹ́zati
* odrẹ́zati
* prerẹ́zati
* prirẹ́zati
* porẹ́zati
* podrẹ́zati
* razrẹ́zati
* urẹ́zati
* zarẹ́zati
* zrẹ́zati

### Further reading

* “rezati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “rezati”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references
# bubulinus
## Latin
### Etymology

From būbulus (“of or pertaining to cattle”) +‎ -īnus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /buː.buˈliː.nus/, [buːbʊˈlʲiːnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /bu.buˈli.nus/, [bubuˈliːnus]

### Adjective

būbulīnus (feminine būbulīna, neuter būbulīnum); first/second-declension adjective
* Of or pertaining to cattle or oxen.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Synonyms

* bovārius
* bovīlis
* bovīllus
* bovīnus
* būbulus

#### Related terms

* bōs
* bovārius
* bovātim
* bovicīdium
* bovīlla
* bovīllus
* bovīnus
* būbalus
* būbīle
* Būbōna
* bubsequa
* būbula
* bubulcārius
* bubulcitō
* bubulcus
* būbulus

### References

* “bubulinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* bubulinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.