# קדם
## Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܩܕܡ
* 𐡒𐡃𐡌 (qdm)

### Etymology

From the root Proto-Semitic *q-d-m (“to precede, come before”). Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama), Hebrew קדם and Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ.

### Verb

קדם • (qəḏam)
* to precede, to come before

#### Derived terms

* קדומים

### Preposition

קֳדָם • (qŏḏām)
* before, in front of

#### Antonyms

* בתר

### References

* “qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Hebrew

* Root
* ק־ד־ם (q-d-m)
* 16 terms

### Etymology

From the root Proto-Semitic *q-d-m (“to precede, come before”). Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ.

### Pronunciation

* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈqɛ.ðɛm/ (Noun)
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /qɔːˈðam/ (Verb 1)
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /qă.ðam/ (Prefix)
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /qidˈdeːm/ (Verb 2)
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈqoː.ðɛm/ (Preposition)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

קֶדֶם • (kédem) m [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* front
* (Biblical Hebrew) east (the direction of the earth's rotation, specifically 90°)
** Tanach, Genesis 12:8, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם הָהָרָה מִקֶּדֶם לְבֵית־אֵל וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה בֵּית־אֵל מִיָּם וְהָעַי מִקֶּדֶם וַיִּבֶן־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה׃vaya'ték mishám hahára mikédem l'veit-'él vayét 'oholó beit-'él miyám v'ha'áy mikédem vayiven-shám mizbéakh laYHVH vayikrá b'shém YHVH. wayyaʿtēq miššām hāhā́rā miqqéḏem ləḇēṯ-ʾēl wayyēṭ ʾohŏlō bēṯ-ʾēl miyyām wəhāʿay miqqéḏem wayyiḇen-šām mizbḗaḥ laYHWH wayyiqrā bəšēm YHWH.And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east; and he builded there an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.
* ancient times
** Tanach, Lamentations 5:21, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ יְהוָה אֵלֶיךָ ונשוב (וְנָשׁוּבָה) חַדֵּשׁ יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם׃hashivénu YHVH 'elékha v'nashúva khadésh yaméinu k'kédem. hăšīḇḗnū YHWH ʾēléḵā wənāšū́ḇā ḥaddēš yāmḗnū kəqéḏem.Turn Thou us unto Thee, O LORD, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old.

#### Declension

| Number | Isolated forms | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns |
| Number | State | Form | Person | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Number | State | Form | Person | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| singular | indefinite | קֶדֶם | first | קִדְמִי | קִדְמִי | קִדְמֵנוּ | קִדְמֵנוּ |
| singular | definite | הַקֶּדֶם | second | קִדְמְךָ | קִדְמֵךְ | קִדְמְכֶם | קִדְמְכֶן |
| singular | construct | קֶדֶם־ | third | קִדְמוֹ | קִדְמָהּ | קִדְמָם | קִדְמָן |
| plural | indefinite | קְדָמִים | first | קדמיי / קְדָמַי | קדמיי / קְדָמַי | קְדָמֵינוּ | קְדָמֵינוּ |
| plural | definite | הַקְּדָמִים | second | קְדָמֶיךָ | קדמייך / קְדָמַיִךְ | קְדָמֵיכֶם | קְדָמֵיכֶן |
| plural | construct | קְדָמֵי־ | third | קְדָמָיו | קְדָמֶיהָ | קְדָמֵיהֶם | קְדָמֵיהֶן |

#### Synonyms

* (compass point) מזרח

#### Antonyms

* (compass point) יָם (yám) (archaic)
* (compass point) מערב (ma'aráv)

#### Derived terms

* קִדְמִי (kidmí)

#### References

* H6924 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Verb

קָדַם • (kadám) (pa'al construction)
* to precede, to come before

#### Conjugation
### Prefix

קְדַם־ • (kdám-)
* pre-

### Verb

קִדֵּם • (kidém) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of קידם.

### Preposition

קֹדֶם • (kódem)
* defective spelling of קודם.