# gradar
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* agradar

### Etymology

13th century. From grade (“harrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɾaˈðaɾ/

### Verb

gradar (first-person singular present grado, first-person singular preterite gradei, past participle gradado)
* to harrow
** 1287, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 194:
    laurarõ τ gradarõ per ſeuſ homeeſ τ cũ ſeuſ boyſ τ ſſemearõ de millo ena herdade que chamã d'Ontranbaſ Agoaſ
       they worked and harrowed, with their men and their oxen, and sowed with millet the property which is know as Ontrambas Augas [Between-two-waters]
    Synonym: riscar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* grade

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “gradar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gradar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gradar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gradar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gradar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gradar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

gradar m
* indefinite plural of grad

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˈda(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈda(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˈda(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈda(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ɡɾaˈda(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ɡɾaˈda(ʁ)/ [ɡɾaˈda(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ɡɾaˈda(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɾɐˈdaɾ/ [ɡɾɐˈðaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɡɾɐˈdaɾ/ [ɡɾɐˈðaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɡɾɐˈda.ɾi/ [ɡɾɐˈða.ɾi]

### Etymology 1

From grade +‎ -ar.

#### Alternative forms

* gradear

#### Verb

gradar (first-person singular present grado, first-person singular preterite gradei, past participle gradado) (transitive)
* (agriculture) to harrow (plowed land)
    Synonym: agradar
* (agriculture) to surround with grates (to impede the passage of animals)

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### References

* “gradar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “gradar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

### Etymology 2

From grado (“grown-up”) +‎ -ar.

#### Verb

gradar (first-person singular present grado, first-person singular preterite gradei, past participle gradado) (intransitive)
* to grow up
    Synonyms: crescer, gradecer

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### References

* “gradar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “gradar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

### Etymology 3

From grado (“liking”) +‎ -ar.

#### Verb

gradar (first-person singular present grado, first-person singular preterite gradei, past participle gradado) (transitive)
* to please, to satisfy
    Synonyms: agradar, satisfazer

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### References

* “gradar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “gradar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From grada (“harrow, sieve”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɾaˈdaɾ/ [ɡɾaˈð̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: gra‧dar

### Verb

gradar (first-person singular present grado, first-person singular preterite gradé, past participle gradado)
* to harrow

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Related terms

* grada
* grado

### Further reading

* “gradar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10