# 廓

| 廓 | U+5ED3, &#24275; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5ED3 |
| ← 廒 [U+5ED2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 廔 → [U+5ED4] |
| 廓 | U+FA0B, &#64011; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0B |
| ← 見 [U+FA0A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 兀 → [U+FA0C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

廓 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈卜木中 (IYDL), four-corner 0022$_7$, composition ⿸广郭)

#### Derived characters

* 𮟜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 350, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9461
* Dae Jaweon: page 661, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 895, character 13
* Unihan data for U+5ED3
* Unihan data for U+FA0B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 郭 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 崞 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 椁 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 槨 | *kʷaːɡ |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 廓 | *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 鞹 | *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 漷 | *kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ |
| 霩 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuò (kuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwok$^3$ / gwok$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khok / koh
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuo$^4$
*** Yale: kwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
*** Palladius: ко (ko)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwok$^3$ / gwok$^3$
*** Yale: kwok / gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwok$^8$ / gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuog$^3$ / guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɔːk̚³/, /kʷɔːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
*** Hakka Romanization System: kog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khok
*** Tâi-lô: khok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
*** Tâi-lô: koh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /koʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/
* khok - literary;
* koh - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: khwak
Rime :
| Character | 廓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦郭切 |
| Baxter | khwak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰwɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰwɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 廓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwak › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷʰˁak/ |
| English | widen |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 廓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4758 |
| Phonetic component | 郭 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

廓
* broad; wide; open; empty
* (literary) to expand; to widen
* (literary) to clear away; to eliminate
* outline; contour
    輪廓／轮廓 ― lúnkuò ― outline
* 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)

#### Compounds

* 寥廓 (liáokuò)
* 廓土
* 廓填
* 廓廓
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 廓爾喀人 / 廓尔喀人
* 廓落
* 恢廓
* 恢廓大度
* 摧陷廓清
* 空廓 (kōngkuò)
* 膚廓 / 肤廓
* 輪廓 / 轮廓 (lúnkuò)
* 雙鉤廓填 / 双钩廓填

### References

* “廓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: かく (kaku)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku)
* Kun: とりで (toride)、くるわ (kuruwa, 廓)

#### Compounds

* 外廓
* 廓大
* 輪廓

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 廓
* くるわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 廓 – see the following entry. :
| 【くるわ】 | [noun] [from late 1500s] a palisade, wall, moat, natural waterway, or other structure used to divide a specific area from its surroundings, such as a castle or fort [noun] [probably from early 1600s] the area so bounded by such a structure [noun] [from 1678] a red-light district, specifically one that is divided from the rest of the town by means of a wall or fence or similar structure [noun] [from 1698] (poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line Alternative spellings 曲輪, 郭 |
(This term, 廓, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 廓 (MC khwak).

#### Hanja

Wikisource 廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak))
* hanja form of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”)
    Synonym: 郭 (곽 (gwak))

#### Compounds

* 내곽 (內郭/內廓, naegwak, “interior”)
* 성곽 (城郭/城廓, seonggwak, “castle walls”)
* 외곽 (外郭/外廓, oegwak, “outskirt”)
* 유곽 (遊廓, yugwak, “brothel; whorehouse”)
* 윤곽 (輪廓, yun'gwak, “outline; overview”)
* 흉곽 (胸廓, hyunggwak, “thorax”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak))
* hanja form of 확 (“wide; broad; large”)
    Synonym: 廣 (광 (gwang))
* hanja form of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”)
    Synonym: 擴 (확 (hwak))

#### Compounds

* 확대 (廓大, hwakdae, “expansion”)
* 확락 (廓落, hwangnak)
* 확연 (廓然, hwagyeon, “being large and empty”)
* 확청 (廓淸, hwakcheong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

廓: Hán Nôm readings: quách
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.