# periculum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin periculum. Doublet of peril.

### Noun

periculum (plural pericula)
* (law) accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “periculum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* perīclum

### Etymology

From *perīrī, from Proto-Italic *perītlom, a base derived from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to attempt, try, research, risk”) (see also English fear, Dutch gevaar (“danger, risk, peril”), German Gefahr (“danger, risk, hazard”), Swedish fara (“danger, risk, peril”)) +‎ -culum. Compare perītus for the suffix. Also related to experior.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /peˈriː.ku.lum/, [pɛˈriːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /peˈri.ku.lum/, [peˈriːkulum]

### Noun

perīculum n (genitive perīculī); second declension
* trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay
* risk, hazard, danger, peril
* ruin, destruction
* (law) trial, action, suit
* writ of judgment or judgement, sentence
* (attack of) sickness

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Synonyms

* (experiment, proof, trial): experientia, experīmentum, tentāmentum, tentātiō
* (risk): discrīmen
* (judgment or judgement): iūdicium
* (suit, trial): causa

#### Derived terms

* perīclitor
* perīculor
* perīculōsus

#### Related terms

* perīclitābundus
* perīclitātiō
* perīculōsē

#### Descendants

* Asturian: peligru
* Old Occitan: perilh
** Catalan: perill
** → Italian: periglio
* Leonese: peligru
* Mirandese: peligro
* Occitan: perilh
* Old French: peril
** French: péril
** Norman: péthi
** → Middle English: peril
*** English: peril
* Old Galician-Portuguese: perigoo
** Galician: perigo
** Portuguese: perigo
* Old Spanish: periglo
** Spanish: peligro (see there for further descendants)
* Romansch: privel, prighel, prievel
* Sardinian: perículu, perígulu, pirígulu
* Sicilian: pirìculu
* Venetan: pericoło, pericol, perigoło, pericolo
Borrowings:
* Proto-Brythonic: *perigl
** Breton: pirilh
** Cornish: peryl
** Middle Welsh: perigl, perygyl
*** Welsh: perygl
* → Dutch: perikel
* → Friulian: pericul
* → Classical Gaelic: peiriacail
** → Irish: priacal
** → Scottish Gaelic: peirigill
* → Italian: pericolo
** → Romanian: pericol
* → Ladin: pericul

### References

* “periculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “periculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* periculum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* periculum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere) to be in danger: in periculo esse or versari to find oneself in a hazardous position: in pericula incidere, incurrere dangers threaten a man: pericula alicui impendent, imminent many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn: pericula in or ad aliquem redundant to incur danger, risk: pericula subire, adire, suscipere to expose oneself to peril: periculis se offerre to endanger, imperil a person or thing: aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare to endanger, imperil a person or thing: alicui periculum creare, conflare to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre at the critical moment: in ipso periculi discrimine to rescue from peril: aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro to surmount dangers: periculis perfungi to make trial of; to risk: periculum facere alicuius rei to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle: periculum hostis facere the position is critical: res est in periculo, in summo discrimine
* periculum in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016