# 阪

| 阪 | U+962A, &#38442; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-962A |
| ← 阩 [U+9629] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 阫 → [U+962B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

阪 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓中竹水 (NLHE), four-corner 7124$_7$ or 7224$_7$, composition ⿰阝反)

#### Derived characters

* 𡋴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1346, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41562
* Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4117, character 12
* Unihan data for U+962A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阪 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 扳 | *praːn, *pʰraːn |
| 板 | *praːnʔ |
| 版 | *praːnʔ |
| 瓪 | *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
| 昄 | *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
| 鈑 | *praːnʔ |
| 蝂 | *praːnʔ |
| 眅 | *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ |
| 阪 | *braːnʔ, *panʔ |
| 魬 | *braːnʔ |
| 粄 | *paːnʔ |
| 反 | *panʔ, *pʰan |
| 返 | *panʔ |
| 坂 | *panʔ |
| 畈 | *pans |
| 販 | *pans |
| 汳 | *pʰans |
| 飯 | *bonʔ, *bons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎn (ban$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baan$^2$ / faan$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): póaⁿ / pán / hoán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎn
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^3$
*** Yale: bǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baan
*** Palladius: бань (banʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baan$^2$ / faan$^2$
*** Yale: báan / fáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baan$^2$ / faan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ban$^2$ / fan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːn³⁵/, /faːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: póaⁿ / pán / hoán
*** Tâi-lô: puánn / pán / huán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvoar, parn, hoarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /puã⁵⁵⁴/, /pan⁵⁵⁴/, /huan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /puã⁴¹/, /pan⁴¹/, /huan⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjonX, baenX
Rime :
| Character | 阪 | 阪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 府遠切 | 扶板切 |
| Baxter | pjonX | baenX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐn$^X$/ | /bˠan$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐn$^X$/ | /bᵚan$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɐn$^X$/ | /bɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puan$^X$/ | /baɨn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuɐn$^X$/ | /ban$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɐn$^X$/ | /ban$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯wɐn$^X$/ | /bʱan$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǎn | bàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^2$ | baan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pa[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*braːnʔ/, /*panʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 阪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pa[n]ʔ/ |
| English | slope, bank |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 阪 | 阪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2962 | 2971 |
| Phonetic component | 反 | 反 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 阪 | 反 |
| Old Chinese | /*braːnʔ/ | /*panʔ/ |
| Notes | | 同阪 |

### Definitions

阪
* (literary) slope
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǎn yǒu qī, xí yǒu lì. [Pinyin]
    On the hill-sides are varnish trees; In the low wet grounds are chestnuts.
* (literary) hillside trail

### Compounds

* 大阪 (Dàbǎn)
* 峻阪
* 峻阪鹽車 / 峻阪盐车
* 蒲阪
* 阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
* 阪泉
* 阪田 (bǎntián)
* 阪阻

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* slope, hillside

#### Readings

* Go-on: べん (ben)、ほん (hon)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
* Kun: さか (saka, 阪)

#### Compounds

* 大阪(おおさか) (Ōsaka)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 阪
* さか Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 阪 – see the following entry. :
| 【さか】 | [noun] slope; hill Alternative spelling 坂 |
(This term, 阪, is an alternative spelling (only in proper nouns) of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 阪
* はん Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC pjonX|baenX).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hã̠ɴ]

#### Affix

阪(はん) • (han)
* Short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”).
    阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC baenX). Recorded as Middle Korean 판〮 (phán) (Yale: phan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan))
* hanja form of 판 (“slope; hill”)

#### Compounds

* 대판 (大阪, Daepan, “Osaka”)
* 험판 (嶮阪/險坂, heompan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

阪: Hán Nôm readings: phản, bản
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.