# 寰

| 寰 | U+5BF0, &#23536; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BF0 |
| ← 寯 [U+5BEF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 寱 → [U+5BF1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

寰 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十田中女 (JWLV), four-corner 3073$_2$, composition ⿱宀睘)
* great domain
* country
* world

#### Derived characters

* 𤃆, 𪼮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 292, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7344
* Dae Jaweon: page 579, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 956, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5BF0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寰 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 癏 | *kʷraːn |
| 擐 | *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 還 | *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan |
| 環 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 鬟 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 寰 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns |
| 闤 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 糫 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 圜 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen |
| 鐶 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 轘 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 澴 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 繯 | *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ |
| 檈 | *sɢʷan, *sɢʷin |
| 儇 | *qʰʷen |
| 翾 | *qʰʷen |
| 蠉 | *qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ |
| 嬛 | *qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ |
| 譞 | *qʰʷen |
| 懁 | *kʷeːns |
| 獧 | *kʷeːns |
| 噮 | *qʷeːns |
| 彋 | *ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ |
| 睘 | *ɡʷeŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huán (huan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang$^2$ / huong$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoân / hoân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^4$
*** Yale: wàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoân
*** Tâi-lô: khuân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuan²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
*** Tâi-lô: huân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
* khoân - vernacular;
* hoân - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hwaen, hwenH
Rime :
| Character | 寰 | 寰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | IV |
| Fanqie | 戸關切 | 黃練切 |
| Baxter | hwaen | hwenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuan/ | /ɦwen$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚan/ | /ɦʷen$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐn/ | /ɣuɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨn/ | /ɦwɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuan/ | /ɣuen$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwan/ | /ɣiwen$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwan/ | /ɣiwen$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán | xuàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^4$ | jyun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːn/, /*ɡʷeːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寰 | 寰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16233 | 16256 |
| Phonetic component | 睘 | 睘 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 還 | |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraːn/ | /*ɡʷeːns/ |
| Notes | 見穀樑傳 | 古文縣字 |

### Definitions

寰
* Extensive region

### Compounds

* 人寰 (rénhuán)
* 塵寰 / 尘寰 (chénhuán)
* 威震寰宇
* 寰內 / 寰内
* 寰區 / 寰区
* 寰域
* 寰宇 (huányǔ)
* 寰宇記 / 寰宇记
* 慘絕人寰 / 惨绝人寰 (cǎnjuérénhuán)
* 撒手人寰 (sāshǒurénhuán)
* 撒手塵寰 / 撒手尘寰 (sāshǒuchénhuán)
* 游戲塵寰 / 游戏尘寰
* 瀛寰 (yínghuán)
* 譽滿寰中 / 誉满寰中

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “寰”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* world; land

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)

#### Compounds

* 寰(かん)域(いき) (kan'iki)
* 寰(かん)宇(う) (kan'u)
* 寰(かん)瀛(えい) (kan'ei)
* 寰(かん)界(かい) (kankai)
* 寰(かん)海(かい) (kankai)
* 寰(かん)観(かん) (kankan)
* 寰(かん)極(きょく) (kankyoku)
* 寰(かん)区(く) (kanku)
* 寰(かん)中(ちゅう) (kanchū)
* 寰(かん)甸(でん) (kanden)
* 寰(かん)土(ど) (kando)
* 寰(かん)内(ない) (kannai)
* 宇(う)寰(かん) (ukan)
* 瀛(えい)寰(かん) (eikan)
* 畿(き)寰(かん) (kikan)
* 区(く)寰(かん) (kukan)
* 人(じん)寰(かん) (jinkan)
* 塵(じん)寰(かん) (jinkan)
* 仙(せん)寰(かん) (senkan)
* 通(つう)寰(かん) (tsūkan)
* 民(みん)寰(かん) (minkan)

### References

* 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “寰”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

寰 (eum 환 (hwan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

寰: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation