# 茜

| 茜 | U+831C, &#33564; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-831C |
| ← 茛 [U+831B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茝 → [U+831D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿一金田 (TMCW), four-corner 4460$_1$, composition ⿱艹西)

#### Derived characters

* 𣺋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1027, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30871
* Dae Jaweon: page 1486, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3200, character 12
* Unihan data for U+831C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 茜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 粞 | *sɯːl, *sɯːl |
| 洒 | *sraːls, *sɯːlʔ |
| 西 | *sɯːl |
| 卤 | *sɯːl |
| 卥 | *sɯːl |
| 栖 | *sɯːl, *sɯːls |
| 茜 | *sʰɯːns |
| 哂 | *hjɯnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰɯːns) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiàn (qian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^3$ / ciang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^4$
*** Yale: chyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
*** Yale: sin / sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^3$ / sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^3$ / xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn³³/, /siːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàn
*** Tâi-lô: tshiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiexn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cêng$^3$ / ciang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshèng / tshiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tshenH
Rime :
| Character | 茜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉甸切 |
| Baxter | tshenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰen$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 茜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13243 |
| Phonetic component | 西 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒨 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰɯːns/ |

#### Definitions

茜
* (～草) madder (Rubia cordifolia)
    Synonyms: 蒐 (sōu), 韎 (mèi)
* (literary) dark red
* to dye red

#### Compounds

* 茜素 (qiànsù)
* 茜草 (qiàncǎo)

### Etymology 2

Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part 西 (xī).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): se
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$
*** Yale: sāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
*** Tâi-lô: se
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/

#### Definitions

茜
* Used in personal names and transcription.
       Xīdì Nuòhālìshā [Pinyin]
       Siti Nurhaliza

### Etymology 3

Variant of 荽.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$
*** Yale: sāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

茜
* Only used in 芫茜.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* madder

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kan’yō-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: あかね (akane, 茜)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 茜
* あかね Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) +‎ 根 (ne, “root”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あかね [àkáné] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ka̠ne̞]

#### Noun

茜(あかね) or 茜(アカネ) • (akane)
* a madder plant of the genus Rubia, especially the Japanese madder, Rubia argyi
* a dye made from the roots of a madder plant
* Short for 茜色 (akane-iro): madder red
* a red dragonfly
    Synonym: 赤とんぼ (aka tonbo)

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アカネ.

#### Derived terms

* 茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akane-iro)
* 茜(アカネ)葛(カズラ) (akane kazura)
* 茜(あかね)雲(ぐも) (akane-gumo)
* 茜(あかね)さす (akane sasu, pillow word)
* 茜(アカネ)菫(スミレ) (akane sumire)
* 茜(あかね)染(ぞめ), 茜(あかね)染(ぞ)め (akanezome)
* 茜(あかね)蜻蛉(とんぼ) (akane tonbo)
* 茜(あかね)掘(ほ)る (akane horu)
* 茜葎(アカネムグラ) (akane mugura)
* 西洋(セイヨウ)茜(アカネ) (seiyō akane, “Rubia tinctorum”)
* 秋(アキ)茜(アカネ) (aki akane)
* 夏(ナツ)茜(アカネ) (natsu akane)
* 初(はつ)茜(あかね) (hatsu akane)
* 春(はる)茜(あかね) (haru akane)
* 眉立(マユタテ)茜(アカネ) (mayutate akane)
* 深(ミ)山(ヤマ)茜(アカネ) (miyama akane)

#### See also

* ガランス (garansu)

#### Proper noun

茜(あかね) • (Akane)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 茜
* せん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 茜 (MC tshenH).

#### Proper noun

茜(せん) • (Sen)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

茜: Hán Nôm readings: thiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.