# 例

| 例 | U+4F8B, &#20363; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F8B |
| ← 侊 [U+4F8A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 侌 → [U+4F8C] |
| 例 | U+F9B5, &#63925; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B5 |
| ← 領 [U+F9B4] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 禮 → [U+F9B6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

例 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓弓 (OMNN), four-corner 2220$_0$, composition ⿰亻列)

#### Derived characters

* 𭈖, 𠅜, 𣈙, 𱘷, 𫶸, 𡂲, 𫜗, 𥵘, 𭪪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 587
* Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 146, character 8
* Unihan data for U+4F8B
* Unihan data for U+F9B5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 例
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
* Small seal scripts05879
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 例 | *reds |
| 鮤 | *reds, *red |
| 栵 | *reds, *red |
| 洌 | *reds, *red |
| 銐 | *r'eds, *r̥ʰjeds |
| 峛 | *relʔ |
| 列 | *red |
| 裂 | *red |
| 烈 | *red |
| 冽 | *red |
| 迾 | *red |
| 蛚 | *red |
| 茢 | *red |
| 颲 | *red |
| 鴷 | *red |
| 挒 | *red |
| 姴 | *red |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reds) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 列 (OC *red).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lai$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): li$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): li
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): li$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): lī
* Eastern Min (BUC): liê
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lē / lī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ni$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lai³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: li$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /li¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
*** Hakka Romanization System: li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lī
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liê
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iɛ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /le²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
*** Tâi-lô: lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: le
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /le²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /le⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /le³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
*** Tâi-lô: lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: li
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /li³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī
*** Sinological IPA : /li¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$li
*** MiniDict: li$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$li
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit例 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /li⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /li⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /li⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /li²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /li⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /li³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /l̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /li¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /li¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /li²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ni³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ni¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /li²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /li⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /li³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /li⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /li³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /li¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /li²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /li²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /le¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /li⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ni⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /li²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /li⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /li⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /le²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /liɛ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /li³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lɔi²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljejH
Rime :
| Character | 例 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力制切 |
| Baxter | ljejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*reds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 例 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8121 |
| Phonetic component | 列 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 例 |
| Old Chinese | /*reds/ |

### Definitions

例
* example; instance
    舉例／举例 ― jǔlì ― to give an example
    以陳先生為例／以陈先生为例 ― yǐ Chén xiānshēng wéi lì ― to use the case of Mr. Chen as an example
* case; instance
    病例 ― bìnglì ― medical case
    例不十，法不立 ― lì bù shí, fǎ bù lì ― If there are fewer than ten cases, then a rule should not be established based on them.
* precedent
    先例 ― xiānlì ― precedent
    破例 ― pòlì ― to grant an exception
* rule; regulation
    條例／条例 ― tiáolì ― regulation
    唔啱例 [Cantonese] ― m$^4$ ngaam$^1$ lai$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to violate the regulations
* regular
    例會／例会 ― lìhuì ― regular meeting
* (literary) to compare; to contrast

#### Synonyms

* (example):
* 事例 (shìlì)
* 例仔 (Hakka)
* 例子 (lìzi)
* 例證 / 例证 (lìzhèng)
* 實例 / 实例 (shílì) (actual example)
* 式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 示例 (shìlì)
* (precedent):
* 先例 (xiānlì)
* 判例 (pànlì) (law)
* 判決先例 / 判决先例 (pànjué xiānlì) (law)
* 前例 (qiánlì)
* 成例 (chénglì)
* (rule):
* 則度 / 则度 (zédù) (literary)
* 守則 / 守则 (shǒuzé)
* 方案 (fāng'àn)
* 條例 / 条例 (tiáolì)
* 條規 / 条规 (tiáoguī)
* 法度 (fǎdù)
* 程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
* 紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng) (literary)
* 綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
* 繩墨 / 绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
* 規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
* 規則 / 规则 (guīzé)
* 規定 / 规定 (guīdìng)
* 規條 / 规条 (guītiáo)
* 規準 / 规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
* 規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ)
* (to compare):
* 對比 / 对比 (duìbǐ)
* 對照 / 对照 (duìzhào)
* 擬 / 拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 比並 / 比并 (bǐ-piāng) (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Min Nan)
* 比對 / 比对 (bǐduì)
* 比擬 / 比拟 (bǐnǐ)
* 比照 (bǐzhào)
* 比較 / 比较
* 視 / 视 (shì) (archaic)
* 進行比較 / 进行比较 (jìnxíng bǐjiào)

### Compounds

* 一例 (yīlì)
* 下不為例 / 下不为例 (xiàbùwéilì)
* 不成比例 (bùchéngbǐlì)
* 事例 (shìlì)
* 例假 (lìjià)
* 例假日
* 例句 (lìjù)
* 例外 (lìwài)
* 例如 (lìrú)
* 例子 (lìzi)
* 例年
* 例會 / 例会 (lìhuì)
* 例監 / 例监
* 例行 (lìxíng)
* 例行公事 (lìxínggōngshì)
* 例規 / 例规
* 例言 (lìyán)
* 例證 / 例证 (lìzhèng)
* 例貢 / 例贡
* 例題 / 例题 (lìtí)
* 俗例 (súlì)
* 先例 (xiānlì)
* 公例 (gōnglì)
* 凡例 (fánlì)
* 分例
* 刊例
* 判例 (pànlì)
* 則例 / 则例
* 前例 (qiánlì)
* 反比例 (fǎnbǐlì)
* 古例
* 史無前例 / 史无前例 (shǐwúqiánlì)
* 向例
* 品例
* 國際慣例 / 国际惯例
* 圖例 / 图例 (túlì)
* 契文舉例 / 契文举例
* 姓名條例 / 姓名条例
* 定例 (dìnglì)
* 家例
* 實例 / 实例 (shílì)
* 常例 (chánglì)
* 常例錢 / 常例钱
* 年例
* 往例
* 後不為例 / 后不为例
* 律例 (lǜlì)
* 循例 (xúnlì)
* 恆例 / 恒例 (hénglì)
* 惡例 / 恶例
* 慣例 / 惯例 (guànlì)
* 成例 (chénglì)
* 戰例 / 战例 (zhànlì)
* 打破慣例 / 打破惯例
* 按例 (ànlì)
* 按分比例
* 援例 (yuánlì)
* 攀例
* 文例
* 易例
* 有例可援
* 案例 (ànlì)
* 格於成例 / 格于成例
* 條例 / 条例 (tiáolì)
* 正比例 (zhèngbǐlì)
* 比例 (bǐlì)
* 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ)
* 沿例
* 法例 (fǎlì)
* 照例 (zhàolì)
* 照例話 / 照例话
* 特例 (tèlì)
* 病例 (bìnglì)
* 發凡舉例 / 发凡举例
* 破例 (pòlì)
* 示例 (shìlì)
* 禁例 (jìnlì)
* 範例 / 范例 (fànlì)
* 罰例 / 罚例
* 義例 / 义例
* 老例 (lǎolì)
* 舉例 / 举例 (jǔlì)
* 舉例發凡 / 举例发凡
* 舊例 / 旧例 (jiùlì)
* 諸如此例 / 诸如此例
* 譜例 / 谱例
* 變例 / 变例 (biànlì)
* 通例 (tōnglì)
* 違例 / 违例 (wéilì)
* 配分比例
* 釋例 / 释例 (shìlì)
* 金石例
* 開例 / 开例
* 開先例 / 开先例
* 體例 / 体例 (tǐlì)

### References

* “例”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “例”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 352.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “例”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 136.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: れ (re)
* Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
* On: れつ (retsu)
* Kun: たとえる (tatoeru, 例える, Jōyō)、たぐい (tagui, 例)、ためし (tameshi, 例)

##### Compounds

* 例(れい)外(がい) (reigai, “exception”)
* 例(れい)規(き) (reiki)
* 例(れい)刻(こく) (reikoku)
* 例(れい)祭(さい) (reisai)
* 例(れい)示(じ) (reiji, “exemplification; exemplify”)
* 例(れい)年(ねん) (reinen, “average/usual year”)
* 例(れい)文(ぶん) (reibun, “sample/example sentence”)
* 例(れい)話(わ) (reiwa, “illustration, parable”)
* 例会
* 例題
* 例解
* 例月
* 例言
* 例時
* 例式
* 例証
* 例数
* 例日

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 例
* れい Grade: 4
* kan'on

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) れー [réꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾe̞ː]

#### Noun

例(れい) • (rei)
* a custom, usual practice, habit
    Synonym: 慣例 (kanrei)
    例(れい)によって
       rei ni yotte
       as usual
    例(れい)に無(な)く
       rei ni naku
       contrary to habit
    メールで連(れん)絡(らく)するのが例(れい)となっている。
       Mēru de renraku suru no ga rei to natteiru.
       It has become customary practice to correspond by email.
* a precedent
    例(れい)のない出(で)来(き)事(ごと)
       rei no nai dekigoto
       an unprecedented incident
* the aforementioned
    例(れい)の男(おとこ)
       rei no otoko
       that man (who we were speaking about)
* a case, an instance, an illustration, an example
    Synonyms: 一例 (ichirei), たとえ (tatoe)
    例(れい)として
       rei to shite
       for instance
    例(れい)を示(しめ)す
       rei o shimesu
       give an example

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 例
* ためし Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 例し 様

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ためし [tàméshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [ta̠me̞ɕi]

#### Noun

例(ためし) • (tameshi)
* an instance, an example, a precedent
    Synonyms: 実例 (jitsurei), 先例 (senrei)
    聞(き)いた例(ためし)がありません。
       Kīta tameshi ga arimasen.
       I have never heard of such a thing.

##### Usage notes

The most common reading is れい (rei).

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 例 (MC ljejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 례〯 (lyěy) (Yale: lyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [je̞(ː)]
** Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* (non-initial position)
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾje̞]
** Phonetic hangul: [례]

### Hanja

Wikisource 例 (eumhun 법식(法式) 례, word-initial (South Korea) 법식(法式) 예)
* hanja form of 례/예 (“example”)
* hanja form of 례/예 (“rule; formalities; process”)

#### Compounds

* 관례 (慣例, gwallye)
* 범례 (凡例, beomnye)
* 범례 (範例, beomnye)
* 비례 (比例, birye)
* 사례 (事例, sarye)
* 선례 (先例, seollye)
* 실례 (實例, sillye)
* 연례 (年例, yeollye)
* 예규 (例規, yegyu)
* 예년 (例年, yenyeon)
* 예문 (例文, yemun)
* 예시 (例示, yesi)
* 예외 (例外, ye'oe)
* 예제 (例題, yeje)
* 예화 (例話, yehwa)
* 용례 (用例, yongnye)
* 유례 (類例, yurye)
* 이례 (異例, irye)
* 일례 (一例, illye)
* 전례 (前例, jeollye)
* 조례 (條例, jorye)
* 차례 (次例, charye)
* 특례 (特例, teungnye)
* 판례 (判例, pallye)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

例: Hán Nôm readings: lệ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.