# շաղգամ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation
** շախկամ (šaxkam) — Alashkert, Akhaltsikhe, Goris, Ararat, Erzurum, Karabakh, New Julfa
** շախգՙամ (šaxgʻam) — Mush
** շախկ$^յ$ա̈մ (šaxk$^y$äm) — Moks
** շա̈խկ$^յ$ա̈մ (šäxk$^y$äm) — Salmas, Van
** շօխգամ (šōxgam) — Akn
** շօխգՙամ (šōxgʻam) — Kharberd
** շօխքա̈մ (šōxkʻäm) — Diyarbakır
** շուխգՙօմ (šuxgʻōm), շուխգՙոմ (šuxgʻom) — Zeitun
** ժօխբանք (žōxbankʻ) — Sivas
* dialectal forms recorded in literary-like orthography
** շողգամ (šoġgam) — Constantinople, Sivas, Bulanık
** շողգամպ (šoġgamp), շոխգամ (šoxgam), շոխպանգ (šoxpang) — Sivas
** շախգամ (šaxgam)

### Etymology

From Middle Armenian շաղգամ (šaġgam), from Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam). Doublet of շալղամ (šalġam).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʃɑχˈkɑm/, [ʃɑχkɑ́m]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʃɑχˈɡɑm/, [ʃɑχkɑ́m]

### Noun

շաղգամ • (šaġgam)
* turnip, Brassica rapa
** ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 45:շախկամ․ ռավէšaxkam; ṙavēշախկամ (šaxkam) = rave

#### Derived terms

* շաղգամակեր (šaġgamaker)
* շաղգամահամ (šaġgamaham)
* շաղգմուկ (šaġgmuk)

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 489–490
* ↑ Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2007), “շողգամ”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: Hayastan, pages 267–268
* ↑ Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “շաղգամ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2258, page 478
* ↑ Barseġyan, Hovhannes (1973) “շաղգամ”, in Hayeren uġġagrakan-uġġaxosakan, terminabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Orthographic–Orthoepic Terminological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Luys
* ↑ Orengo, Alessandro (2019) “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 236

## Middle Armenian
### Alternative forms

* շողգամ (šoġgam), շողգամբ (šoġgamb), շողգամպ (šoġgamp), շակքամ (šakkʻam)

### Etymology

From Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam). Doublet of շալղամ (šalġam), շալճամ (šalčam), and սալճամ (salčam).

### Noun

շաղգամ • (šaġgam)
* turnip, Brassica rapa

#### Derived terms

* շողգամիկ (šoġgamik)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: շաղգամ (šaġgam)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 489–490
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “շաղգամ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 210
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “շաղգամ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 586a
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “շողգամ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 600a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “շաղգամ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /⁠šalgam⁠/). See Persian شلغم (šalğam).

### Noun

շաղգամ • (šałgam)
* turnip, Brassica rapa
** 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :Գանգի (vars. գանդ, գանդի) = շաղգամ (vars. շահգամ, շաշգամ, ոջոկոս, քաղցու)։Gangi (vars. gand, gandi) = šałgam (vars. šahgam, šašgam, oǰokos, kʻałcʻu).γογγυλίς (gongulís) = turnip
** 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʻargmanutʻiwn dełocʻ zor əntrel en imastasērkʻn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʻ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :Ալփտ (var. ալփդ) = շաղգամ։Alpʻt (var. alpʻd) = šałgam.اللِّفْت (al-lift) = turnip

#### Descendants

* Middle Armenian: շաղգամ (šaġgam), շողգամ (šoġgam), շողգամբ (šoġgamb), շողգամպ (šoġgamp), շակքամ (šakkʻam)
** Armenian: շաղգամ (šaġgam)

### References

* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen‎, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 32
* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), a separate print of Greppin 1995, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 8, pages 20–21

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 489–490
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 210
* Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 1674, page 116