# 穀雨
## Chinese

* 穀雨 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 穀雨 (Cantonese)
* Kuk-yí (Hakka)
* Gók-ṳ̄ (Eastern Min)
* Kok-ú (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Gǔyǔ
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄩˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Gu$^2$ yu$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$ jyu$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'guh$^6$ y$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Kuk-yí
    (Hailu, HRS): gug rhi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gug$^5$ yi$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gueh$^4$ y$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): Gŭ-ṳ̀
* Eastern Min (BUC): Gók$^{→Gúk}$-ṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorh$^6$ y$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Kok-ú / Kok-í
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gog$^4$ u$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$koq-yu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu$^6$ y$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Gǔyǔ [Phonetic: gúyǔ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Gǔyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: Ku$^3$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: Gǔ-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuyeu
*** Palladius: Гуюй (Gujuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: Gu$^2$ yu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Guy
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹ y⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: gūk yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵ jyː¹³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'guh$^6$ y$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈkuʔ⁵ y²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kuk-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: gug$^ˋ$ i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gug$^5$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuk̚² i³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kuk-yí
*** Hakka Romanization System: gug$^ˋ$ (r)i$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gug$^5$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuk̚² (j)i³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gug rhi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuk⁵⁻² ʒi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gug$^5$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʊk̚¹ i³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gueh$^4$ y$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ y⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Gŭ-ṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²⁴ y⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Gók$^{→Gúk}$-ṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /kuʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ y³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$ y$^3$ [Phonetic: gorh$^7$ y$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ y⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$ y$^3$ [Phonetic: gorh$^7$ y$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ²⁻²⁴ y³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-ú
*** Tâi-lô: Kok-ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kok'uo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ u⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ u⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ u⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-í
*** Tâi-lô: Kok-í
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kok'ie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ i⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gog$^4$ u$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok ú
*** Sinological IPA : /kok̚²⁻⁴ u⁵²⁻²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$koq-yu
*** MiniDict: koh$^入$ yu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$koq-hhy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ³³ ɦy⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^6$ y$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²⁴ y⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuwk hjuX
Rime :
| Character | 穀 | 雨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古禄切 | 王矩切 |
| Baxter | kuwk | hjuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuk̚/ | /ɦɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuk̚/ | /ɦio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuk̚/ | /ɣio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwk̚/ | /ɦuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuk̚/ | /ɣio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuk̚/ | /ɣĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuk̚/ | /i̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤok C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ ɢʷaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 穀 | 雨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwk › | ‹ hju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁok/ | /*C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | grain | rain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穀 | 雨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 7423 | 15952 |
| Phonetic component | 殻 | 雨 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穀 | 羽 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːɡ/ | /*ɢʷaʔ/ |

### Proper noun

穀雨
* Guyu (one of the solar terms)

#### Derived terms

* 清明穀雨，寒死虎母 / 清明谷雨，寒死虎母

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 穀雨(こくう) (kokuu)
* → Korean: 곡우(穀雨) (gogu)

#### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

### References

* “Entry #20345”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “Entry #4867”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 穀 | 雨 |
| こく Grade: 6 | う Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 穀雨 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 穀雨 (MC kuwk hjuX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こくう [kóꜜkùù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞kɯ̟ɯ̟]

### Proper noun

穀(こく)雨(う) • (Kokuu)
* the sixth solar term

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 穀 | 雨 |

### Noun

穀雨 • (gogu) (hangeul 곡우)
* hanja form of 곡우

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 穀 | 雨 |

### Proper noun

穀雨
* chữ Hán form of Cốc vũ (“lit. "grain rain"; one of the solar terms”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)