# carballo
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* carvalho (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese carvallo, also attested in local Medieval Latin document since the 8th century; from carba +‎ -allo. Further etymology uncertain: from a substrate language, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kr̥-wós (compare Latin curvus, "bent"). Cognate with Portuguese carvalho and Asturian carbayu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾˈbaɟo/ [kɑɾˈβ̞a̠.ɟʊ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɟo

### Noun

carballo m (plural carballos)
* oak
** 1353, M. Lucas Álvarez & P. Lucas Domínguez (eds.), El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos. Sada/A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 513:
    Era da naçença de noso Sennor Ihesu de mille et trezentos et nouenta et hun anos, sabado VI dias do mes de mayo, estando su o caruallo da igleia de san Migel d'Osamo ante Roy Lourenço, juys nos coutos d'Anllo1391 AD, Saturday, 6th of may, being under the oak of the church of Saint Michael of Osmo, before Roi Lourenzo, judge in the jurisdiction of Anllo [...]
** 1853, Juan Manuel Pintos, A Gaita Gallega:Camiños de perdiciós pratican os máis e os menos máis de cen. O carballo máis ferrudo si o becho lle crava o dente no raigado, amolece e xa golbudo vén ao chan prestamente derrumbado. Os vicios son bechos fortes que amolegan corpos duros e valentesRoads to perdition, the most and the least practice more than a hundred. The most robust oak, if the bug sink his teeth in the roots, softens and, when rotten, comes to the ground promptly, slumped. Vices are strong bugs that soften hard and bold bodies.
** English oak (Quercus robur), which was the more common tree in Galicia till the second half of the 20th century
    Synonyms: carballo veriño, veriño
** sessile oak (Quercus petraea)
    Synonym: carballo albariño
** Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica)
    Synonyms: carballo cerquiño, rebolo
** kermes oak (Quercus coccifera)
    Synonyms: carballo carrasco, carrasco
** Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea)
    Synonyms: carballo anano, caxigo
* oakwood
** 1438, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 413:Iten, os ditos Gonçaluo Ferrnandes e Gonçaluo Ferreiro se obrigaron de trager pera a obra da ponte d'Ourense oyteenta trabes de carballo, que ajan cada hua viinte e sete cóbedos conpridos en longoItem, the aforementioned Gonzalo Fernandez and Gonzalo Ferreiro committed themselves to bring, for the construction of the bridge of Ourense, eighty beams of oak, each one at least twenty-seven cubits long

#### Derived terms

* carballa
* Carballa
* Carballal
* carballal
* Carballas
* Carballás
* carballeda
* Carballeda
* Carballedo
* carballeira
* Carballeira
* Carballido
* Carballín
* Carballiño
* Carballiños
* carballiza
* Carballo
* carballo albariño
* carballo cerquiño
* carballo veriño
* Carballos
* Carballosa
* Carballoso
* carballuda
* O Carballiño

#### Related terms

* carba
* Carba

### See also

* carballo on the Galician Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{gl}$

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “caruallo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “carual”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “carballo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “carballo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “carballo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “garabato”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾˈbaʝo/ [kaɾˈβ̞a.ʝo]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /kaɾˈbaʝo/ [kaɾˈβ̞a.ʝo]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /kaɾˈbaʎo/ [kaɾˈβ̞a.ʎo]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /kaɾˈbaʃo/ [kaɾˈβ̞a.ʃo]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /kaɾˈbaʒo/ [kaɾˈβ̞a.ʒo]
* Rhymes: -aʝo
* Rhymes: -aʝo
* Rhymes: -aʎo
* Rhymes: -aʃo
* Rhymes: -aʒo
* Syllabification: car‧ba‧llo

### Noun

carballo m (plural carballos)
* Alternative spelling of carvallo

### Further reading

* “carballo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10