# 妓

| 妓 | U+5993, &#22931; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5993 |
| ← 妒 [U+5992] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妔 → [U+5994] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女十水 (VJE), four-corner 4444$_7$, composition ⿰女支)

#### Derived characters

* 𣇠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6083
* Dae Jaweon: page 520, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 17
* Unihan data for U+5993

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 妓
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 支 | *kje |
| 枝 | *kje |
| 肢 | *kje |
| 汥 | *kje, *ɡe, *ɡres |
| 衼 | *kje |
| 馶 | *kje, *qʰjes, *kes, *ɡe |
| 鳷 | *kje |
| 忮 | *kjes |
| 伎 | *kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ |
| 豉 | *ɡjes |
| 翅 | *qʰjes |
| 翄 | *qʰjes, *ɡe |
| 妓 | *kre, *ɡreʔ |
| 庋 | *kreʔ, *kʷreʔ |
| 跂 | *kʰeʔ, *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 蚑 | *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 吱 | *kʰes |
| 岐 | *ɡe |
| 歧 | *ɡe |
| 鬾 | *ɡre, *ɡres |
| 技 | *ɡreʔ |
| 芰 | *ɡres |
| 攱 | *kʷreʔ, *kʷres |
| 庪 | *kʷreʔ |
| 頍 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 屐 | *ɡreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).

### Etymology

Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007).
Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).
Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî
* Northern Min (KCR): gī / gí
* Eastern Min (BUC): gê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kī / ki
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^6$
*** Yale: geih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī / gí
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵/, /ki⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī / ki
*** Tâi-lô: kī / ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki, ky
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/, /ki³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/
* kī - literary;
* ki - vernacular (俗).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit妓 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /d͡ʑi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑi²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zz̩³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ki²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kei²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ki²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kei²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ki²²/ /ki⁵⁵/ 俗 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ki⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ki³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: gjeX
Rime :
| Character | 妓 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠綺切 |
| Baxter | gjeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡje$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妓 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17230 |
| Phonetic component | 支 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 技 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreʔ/ |

#### Definitions

妓
* (literary) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance
* prostitute

#### Synonyms

* (both senses): 娼 (chāng)

#### Compounds

* 包妓
* 召妓 (zhàojì)
* 名妓 (míngjì)
* 妓人
* 妓女 (jìnǚ)
* 妓嫲
* 妓師 / 妓师
* 妓弟
* 妓院 (jìyuàn)
* 娼妓 (chāngjì)
* 嫖妓 (piáojì)
* 官妓 (guānjì)
* 家妓
* 歌妓 (gējì)
* 流妓
* 藝妓 / 艺妓 (yìjì)
* 角妓
* 軍妓 / 军妓 (jūnjì)
* 雛妓 / 雏妓 (chújì)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī (ji$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kje
Rime :
| Character | 妓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居宜切 |
| Baxter | kje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kje/ |
| Wang Li | /kǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kre/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17213 |
| Phonetic component | 支 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 羈 |
| Old Chinese | /*kre/ |

#### Definitions

妓
* Used in 妓姕.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* geisha; prostitute

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: あそびめ (asobime)、こ (ko)、わざおぎ (wazaogi)

#### Compounds

* 愛妓(あいぎ) (aigi)
* 歌妓(かぎ) (kagi)
* 歌舞妓(かぶき) (kabuki)
* 官妓(かんぎ) (kangi)
* 妓生(キーセン) (kīsen), 妓生(ぎせい) (gisei)
* 妓院(ぎいん) (giin)
* 妓家(ぎか) (gika)
* 妓楽(ぎがく) (gigaku)
* 妓館(ぎかん) (gikan)
* 妓女(ぎじょ) (gijo)
* 妓籍(ぎせき) (giseki)
* 妓名(ぎめい) (gimei)
* 妓夫(ぎゅう) (gyū), 妓夫(ぎふ) (gifu)
* 妓楼(ぎろう) (girō)
* 芸妓(げいぎ) (geigi)
* 芸娼妓(げいしょうぎ) (geishōgi)
* 絃妓(げんぎ) (gengi)
* 狎妓(こうぎ) (kōgi)
* 小妓(しょうぎ) (shōgi)
* 娼妓(しょうぎ) (shōgi)
* 新妓(しんこ) (shinko)
* 雛妓(すうぎ) (sūgi)
* 声妓(せいぎ) (seigi)
* 美妓(びぎ) (bigi)
* 舞妓(ぶぎ) (bugi): female dancer
* 舞妓(まいこ) (maiko): dancing girl, particularly a maiko
* 名妓(めいぎ) (meigi)
* 老妓(ろうぎ) (rōgi)
* Kanji in this term
* 妓
* ぎ Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妓 (“female entertainer”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎ [gíꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡʲi]

### Noun

妓(ぎ) • (gi)
* female entertainer

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妓 (MC gjeX). Recorded as Middle Korean 기〯 (kǐ) (Yale: ki) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 妓 (eumhun 기생 기 (gisaeng gi))
* hanja form of 기 (“prostitute”)

#### Compounds

* 가기 (歌妓, gagi)
* 기녀 (妓女, ginyeo)
* 기생 (妓生, gisaeng)
* 명기 (名妓, myeonggi)
* 묘기 (妙妓, myogi)
* 무기 (舞妓, mugi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ, kỹ
妓: Nôm readings: kĩ, kỹ, đĩ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 倡妓 (xướng kĩ)
* 妓女 (kĩ nữ)
* 妓院 (kĩ viện)
* 娼妓 (xướng kĩ)
* 嫖妓 (phiêu kỹ)
* 官妓 (quan kỹ)
* 歌妓 (ca kĩ)
* 營妓 (doanh kĩ)
* 狎妓 (hiệp kĩ)
* 角妓 (giác kĩ)