# 褐

| 褐 | U+8910, &#35088; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8910 |
| ← 褏 [U+890F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 褑 → [U+8911] |
| 褐 | U+FA60, &#64096; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA60 |
| ← 著 [U+FA5F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 視 → [U+FA61] |

## Translingual
### Han character

褐 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9 in Chinese, 衣+8 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 中日心女 (LAPV), four-corner 3622$_7$, composition ⿰衤曷 or ⿰衤⿱日匂)

#### Derived characters

* 䕣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1120, character 42
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34435
* Dae Jaweon: page 1588, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3102, character 13
* Unihan data for U+8910
* Unihan data for U+FA60

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 褐 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè, hé
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ, ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hod$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hăk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍t
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$eq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$
*** Yale: hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hot$^3$ / hot$^6$
*** Yale: hot / hoht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hot$^8$ / hot$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hod$^3$ / hod$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hɔt̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hăk
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ha̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hat̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$eq
*** MiniDict: eh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$eq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /əʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hat
Rime :
| Character | 褐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡葛切 |
| Baxter | hat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hot$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 褐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hat › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁat/ |
| English | coarse cloth |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 褐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5031 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːd/ |

### Definitions

褐
* cloth made of coarse fiber
* poor; dull
* brown

#### Compounds

* 委褐
* 巾褐
* 布褐
* 短褐
* 短褐不全
* 短褐不完
* 茶褐
* 茶褐色 (cháhèsè)
* 衣褐懷寶 / 衣褐怀宝
* 被褐
* 被褐懷寶 / 被褐怀宝
* 被褐懷玉 / 被褐怀玉
* 被褐懷珠 / 被褐怀珠
* 被褐懷金 / 被褐怀金
* 被褐藏輝 / 被褐藏辉
* 裋褐
* 裘褐
* 褐土
* 褐夫
* 褐炭
* 褐煤 (hèméi)
* 褐矮星 (hè'ǎixīng)
* 褐色 (hèsè)
* 褐藻
* 褐藻膠 / 褐藻胶
* 褐衣疏食
* 褐袖
* 褐變 / 褐变
* 褐錳礦 / 褐锰矿
* 褐鐵礦 / 褐铁矿
* 褐飛蝨 / 褐飞虱
* 褐馬雞 / 褐马鸡 (hèmǎjī)
* 解褐
* 豎褐 / 竖褐
* 赤褐
* 赤褐色 (chìhèsè)
* 釋褐 / 释褐
* 馬褐 / 马褐
* 黃褐斑 / 黄褐斑 (huánghèbān)
* 黃褐色 / 黄褐色 (huánghèsè)

### References

* “褐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 褐 |
| Kyūjitai | 褐 &#xFA60; or 褐+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 褐󠄁 褐+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 褐󠄃 褐+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褐)
* coarse, rough fabric, especially of wool
* poor
* brown

#### Readings

* Go-on: かち (kachi)、がち (gachi)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: かちん (kachin)
* Kun: ぬのこ (nunoko, 褐)

#### Compounds

* 褐(かち)色(いろ) (kachīro)
* 褐(かち)衣(え) (kachie)
* 褐(かち)冠(かぶり) (kachikaburi)
* 褐(かち)衣(ぎぬ) (kachiginu)
* 褐(かち)染(ぞ)め (kachizome)
* 褐(かち)布(ぬの) (kachinuno)
* 褐(かつ)色(いろ) (katsuiro)
* 褐(かつ)寛(かん)博(ぱく) (katsu-kanpaku)
* 褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)
* 褐(かっ)藻(そう) (kassō)
* 褐(かっ)炭(たん) (kattan)
* 褐(かっ)鉄(てっ)鋼(こう) (kat-tekkō)
* 褐(かっ)斑(ぱん)病(びょう) (kappan-byō)
* 褐(かっ)変(ぺん) (kappen)
* 短(たん)褐(かつ) (tankatsu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 褐
* かつ Grade: S
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 褐 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 褐 (MC hat).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かつ [káꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

褐(かつ) • (katsu)
* (archaic) dark navy blue
* coarse woolen fabric
    褐(かつ)を釈(と)く
       katsu o toku
       (of a private citizen) to serve
       (literally, “to shed coarse clothes (and to put on full dress)”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 褐
* かち Grade: S
* goon
* Alternative spelling
* 褐 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 褐 (MC hat).

#### Noun

褐(かち) • (kachi)
* (archaic) dark navy blue
* coarse woolen fabric

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 褐
* かちん Grade: S
* kan'yōon
* Alternative spelling
* 褐 (kyūjitai)
Shift from kachi above.

#### Noun

褐(かちん) • (kachin)
* Synonym of 褐 (kachi)

### References

* ↑ “褐”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “褐”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1929 (paper), page 1016 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1096 (paper), page 561 (digital)
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

褐 (eumhun 갈색 갈 (galsaek gal))
* hanja form of 갈 (“brown”)
褐 (eumhun 굵은 갈 (gulgeun gal))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

褐: Hán Nôm readings: hạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.