# دستور
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian دستور (dastur).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dus.tuːr/
** (Kuwait) IPA: /dɪsˈtuːr/, (proscribed) /dɪsˈtoːr/

### Noun

دُسْتُور • (dustūr) m (plural دَسَاتِير (dasātīr))
* (law, government) constitution
* rule, guideline
* set of rules
* action rule
* model

#### Derived terms

* دُسْتُورِيّ (dustūriyy, “constitutional”)

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
** Turkish: düstur
* → Swahili: desturi

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دُسْتُور (dustūr, “rule, set of rules”), from Persian دستور (dastur, “command, order”).

### Noun

دستور • (düstur) (definite accusative دستوری (düsturu), plural دستورلر (düsturlar))
* plenipotentiary, a person invested with full powers, especially a minister or a functionary
* (Zoroastrianism) dastur, a Zoroastrian high priest ranking above a mobad or herbad
* permission, authorization, granting, leave, a formal consent from someone in authority
    Synonyms: اجازت (icazet), اذن (izn, izin), رخصت (ruhsat), مساعده (müsâʼade)
* (law) code, a systematic collection of statutes set forth by a process of codification

#### Derived terms

* دستور مكرم (düstur-ı mükerrem, “the Right-Honorable minister”)
* دستوری (düsturî, “rank of a minister of state”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: düstur

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “düstur”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1332
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دستور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 224a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دستور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 572
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Licentia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 948
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دستور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2079
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “düstur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دستور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 903

## Persian
### Etymology

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [das.tuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æs.t̪ʰuːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | دستور |
| Iranian Persian | دستور |
| Tajik | дастур |
دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))
* command, order
* method, manner, procedure, way
* guideline, rule
* permission, leave, authority
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1715:اذکروا الله شاه ما دستور داد اندر آتش دید ما را نور دادazkurū Allāh šāh-i mā dastūr dād andar ātiš dīd mā rā nūr dādOur King (God) has given permission, (saying), “Commemorate Allah”: He saw us in the fire and gave us light.
* basis, foundation
* model, example, exemplar
* (law, government) constitution
* (archaic) statesman, vizier
* (linguistics) grammar
* (Zoroastrianism) dastur

#### Derived terms

* دستوری (dasturi)

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
** → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
*** Turkish: düstur
** → Swahili: desturi
* → Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)
* → English: dastur
* → Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)
    Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)
* → Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)
* → Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)
    Northern Kurdish: destûr
* → Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
** Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
* → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)
* → Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)
* → Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 328
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 56-7

### Further reading

* “DASTŪR”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1994

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَسْتُور (dastūr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əs.t̪uːɾ/
* Rhymes: -uːɾ

### Noun

دَسْتُور • (dastūr) m (Hindi spelling दस्तूर)
* command, order
* constitution
* guideline, rule
* (Zoroastrianism) dastur