# papyrus
## English
### Alternative forms

* papyr (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English papirus, borrowed from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros), of unknown origin. Doublet of papyros.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəˈpaɪɹəs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪɹəs

### Noun

papyrus (usually uncountable, plural papyri or papyruses)
* (usually uncountable) A plant (Cyperus papyrus) in the sedge family, native to the Nile river valley, paper reed.
* (usually uncountable) A material similar to paper made from the papyrus plant.
* (countable) A scroll or document written on papyrus.

#### Derived terms

* papyral
* papyrean
* papyrian
* papyric
* papyritious
* papyrus capital
* papyrus column
* papyrus cutter
* papyrus fragment
* papyrus leaf
* papyrus plant
* papyrus roll
* papyrus root
* papyrus tree

#### Related terms

* fetus papyraceus
* impapyrated
* lamina papyracea
* papyraceous
* papyriferous
* papyriflavonol
* papyriform
* papyrine
* papyro-
* papyrocentric
* papyrocracy
* papyrograph
* papyrographer
* papyrographic
* papyrography
* papyrological
* papyrologically
* papyrologist
* papyrology
* papyrophilia
* papyrophobia
* papyropolist
* papyrotint
* papyrotype
* papyroxylin
* papyroxyline

#### Translations
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* papyros

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpapɪrus]
* Hyphenation: pa‧py‧rus

### Noun

papyrus m inan
* papyrus

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “papyrus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “papyrus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

papyrus m (plural papyri or papyrussen, diminutive papyrusje n)
* the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus
    Synonyms: papyrusriet, papyrusplant
* the paper-like material made from the papyrus plant
* a scroll made of that material

#### Derived terms

* papyrusriet
* papyrusplant
* papyrusrol
* papyruswit

### Further reading

* papyrus (schrift) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
* papyrusriet on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑpyrus/, [ˈpɑ̝pyrus̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑpyrus
* Hyphenation: pa‧py‧rus

### Noun

papyrus
* papyrus (material and document)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of papyrus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
papyrukseni
papyrukseni
accusative
nom.
papyrukseni
papyrukseni
gen.
papyrukseni
genitive
papyrukseni
papyrusteni papyruksieni
partitive
papyrustani
papyruksiani
inessive
papyruksessani
papyruksissani
elative
papyruksestani
papyruksistani
illative
papyrukseeni
papyruksiini
adessive
papyruksellani
papyruksillani
ablative
papyrukseltani
papyruksiltani
allative
papyrukselleni
papyruksilleni
essive
papyruksenani
papyruksinani
translative
papyruksekseni
papyruksikseni
abessive
papyruksettani
papyruksittani
instructive
comitative
—papyruksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
papyruksesi
papyruksesi
accusative
nom.
papyruksesi
papyruksesi
gen.
papyruksesi
genitive
papyruksesi
papyrustesi papyruksiesi
partitive
papyrustasi
papyruksiasi
inessive
papyruksessasi
papyruksissasi
elative
papyruksestasi
papyruksistasi
illative
papyrukseesi
papyruksiisi
adessive
papyruksellasi
papyruksillasi
ablative
papyrukseltasi
papyruksiltasi
allative
papyruksellesi
papyruksillesi
essive
papyruksenasi
papyruksinasi
translative
papyrukseksesi
papyruksiksesi
abessive
papyruksettasi
papyruksittasi
instructive
comitative
—papyruksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
papyruksemme
papyruksemme
accusative
nom.
papyruksemme
papyruksemme
gen.
papyruksemme
genitive
papyruksemme
papyrustemme papyruksiemme
partitive
papyrustamme
papyruksiamme
inessive
papyruksessamme
papyruksissamme
elative
papyruksestamme
papyruksistamme
illative
papyrukseemme
papyruksiimme
adessive
papyruksellamme
papyruksillamme
ablative
papyrukseltamme
papyruksiltamme
allative
papyruksellemme
papyruksillemme
essive
papyruksenamme
papyruksinamme
translative
papyrukseksemme
papyruksiksemme
abessive
papyruksettamme
papyruksittamme
instructive
comitative
—papyruksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
papyruksenne
papyruksenne
accusative
nom.
papyruksenne
papyruksenne
gen.
papyruksenne
genitive
papyruksenne
papyrustenne papyruksienne
partitive
papyrustanne
papyruksianne
inessive
papyruksessanne
papyruksissanne
elative
papyruksestanne
papyruksistanne
illative
papyrukseenne
papyruksiinne
adessive
papyruksellanne
papyruksillanne
ablative
papyrukseltanne
papyruksiltanne
allative
papyruksellenne
papyruksillenne
essive
papyruksenanne
papyruksinanne
translative
papyrukseksenne
papyruksiksenne
abessive
papyruksettanne
papyruksittanne
instructive
comitative
—papyruksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
papyruksensa
papyruksensa
accusative
nom.
papyruksensa
papyruksensa
gen.
papyruksensa
genitive
papyruksensa
papyrustensa papyruksiensa
partitive
papyrustaan papyrustansa
papyruksiaan papyruksiansa
inessive
papyruksessaan papyruksessansa
papyruksissaan papyruksissansa
elative
papyruksestaan papyruksestansa
papyruksistaan papyruksistansa
illative
papyrukseensa
papyruksiinsa
adessive
papyruksellaan papyruksellansa
papyruksillaan papyruksillansa
ablative
papyrukseltaan papyrukseltansa
papyruksiltaan papyruksiltansa
allative
papyrukselleen papyruksellensa
papyruksilleen papyruksillensa
essive
papyruksenaan papyruksenansa
papyruksinaan papyruksinansa
translative
papyruksekseen papyrukseksensa
papyruksikseen papyruksiksensa
abessive
papyruksettaan papyruksettansa
papyruksittaan papyruksittansa
instructive
comitative
—papyruksineen papyruksinensa :

#### Derived terms

* papyruskaisla (papyrus plant)
* papyruskäärö
* papyrusvene

#### Related terms

* papyrologi
* papyrologia

### Further reading

* “papyrus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin papȳrus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.pi.ʁys/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

papyrus m (plural papyrus or papyri)
* papyrus

### Further reading

* “papyrus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* papȳrum

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /paˈpyː.rus/, [päˈpyːrʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /paˈpi.rus/, [päˈpiːrus]

### Noun

papȳrus m or f (genitive papȳrī); second declension
* papyrus (plant)
* a garment made from papyrus
* paper made from papyrus

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* papȳrāceus
* papȳrifer
* papȳrinus
* papȳriō
* papȳrius

#### Descendants

(see also papȳrius)
* Megleno-Romanian: papră, păpură
* Romanian: papură
Reflexes of a *papīlum (“candlewick”):
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: papile (central dialects)
** Neapolitan: papile (Apulia)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: pabil
** Gascon: pabiou
** Old Occitan: pabil
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: pavio
*** Galician: pabío
*** Portuguese: pavio
** Old Spanish: pavilo
*** Spanish: pabilo, pábilo, pavíl
**** → Sardinian: pabilu
* Borrowings:
** → Basque: babil
*** → Gascon: babi(t)
Older borrowings:
* →⇒ Old Catalan: paper (see there for further descendants)
* →? Old English: tapor (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted modern borrowings:
* → Catalan: papir
* → Czech: papyrus
* → English: papyrus
* → Finnish: papyrus
* → French: papyrus
* → Friulian: papîr
* → Galician: papiro
* → Italian: papiro
* → Japanese: パピルス
* → Portuguese: papiro
* → Romanian: papirus
* → Russian: папирус (papirus)
* → Spanish: papiro

### References

* “papyrus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “papyrus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* papyrus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* papyrus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “papyrus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* papyrus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin papyrus.

### Noun

papyrus m (plural papyrusen)
* (usually uncountable) papyrus (plant; writing material)
* (countable) papyrus (scroll or document)

### References

* “papyrus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Latin papyrus

### Noun

papyrus c
* papyrus (plant)
* papyrus (material)
* a papyrus (scroll or document written on papyrus)

#### Declension
### References

* papyrus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* papyrus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* papyrus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)