# oliva
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin oliva (“olive”). Doublet of olive.

### Noun

oliva
* (anatomy) olivary body
** 1998, R. Nieuwenhuys, Hendrik Jan Donkelaar, Charles Nicholson, The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates: With Posters, page 1562:The medial part of the ventral lamina forms the most rostral pole of the oliva, the dorsal lamina the most caudal one.

### Anagrams

* Ivalo, Viola, viola, voila, voilà, volia

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin olīva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈliba/
* Rhymes: -iba
* Syllabification: o‧li‧va

### Noun

oliva f
* olive (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* oliva negra
* oliva verde
* olivera

### References

* Diccionario ortografico de l'aragonés (Seguntes la PO de l'EFA)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin olīva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [uˈli.βə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [uˈli.və]
* IPA: (Valencia) [oˈli.va]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)
* Audio (Barcelona):(file)

### Noun

oliva f (plural olives)
* olive (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* oliva negra
* oliva verda
* olivella
* oliver
* olivera

### References

* “oliva” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “oliva”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “oliva” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “oliva” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Olive, from Latin olīva, from Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈolɪva]

### Noun

oliva f (relational adjective olivový)
* olive (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* olivovník

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “oliva”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “oliva”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “oliva”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* ouliva

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese oliva, from Latin olīva. The preservation of intervocalic /l/ is irregular, so it was perhaps borrowed from Mozarabic. Modern pronunciation is adapted from Spanish, since olive and olive oil is not produced in most of Galicia.

### Pronunciation

* (Traditional) IPA: [oˈli.βɐ]
* (Modern) IPA: [ɔˈli.βɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

oliva f (plural olivas)
* olive (fruit)

#### Related terms

* oliveira (“olive tree”)

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “oliva”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “oliva”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ouliu”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “oliva”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “oliva”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “oliva”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Interlingua
### Noun

oliva (plural olivas)
* olive

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* uliva

### Etymology

From Latin olīva, from Etruscan 𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (eleiva) or from Pre-Classical Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀨𐀷 (e-ra-wa), Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁loywom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈli.va/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iva
* Hyphenation: o‧lì‧va

### Noun

oliva f (plural olive)
* olive (fruit)

### Noun

oliva m (invariable)
* olive (color)

### Adjective

oliva (invariable)
* olive (color)

#### Related terms

* olio d'oliva
* olivaceo
* olivagno
* olivaio
* olivare
* olivastro
* olivato
* olivella
* olivello
* olivenite
* oliveto
* olivetta
* olivigno
* olivina
* olivo

### Anagrams

* Viola, ovali, viola, voilà, volai

## Latin
### Etymology

From Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) (whence 𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀𐌍𐌀 (eleivana, “of oil”)) or from Pre-Classical Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀨𐀷 (e-ra-wa), Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía)), most likely from Pre-Greek (according to Beekes) or, much more questionably, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁loywom (compare Old Church Slavonic лои (loi, “tallow”), Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”)). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /oˈliː.u̯a/, [ɔˈlʲiːu̯ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /oˈli.va/, [oˈliːvä]

### Noun

olīva f (genitive olīvae); first declension
* an olive (fruit)
* an olive tree
* (poetic) an olive branch

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* (olive fruit): olea
* (olive tree): olea, oleaster, oleastrum

#### Derived terms

* olīvans
* olīvārius
* olīvēta
* olīvētum
* olīvifer
* olīvifōrmis
* olīvitās
* olīvitor
* olīvum

#### Related terms

* olea
* oleāceus
* oleāgineus
* oleāmen
* oleāris
* oleārius
* oleastellus
* oleaster
* oleātus
* oleitās
* oleōsus
* olētum
* oleum
* olīvāceus
* olīvum

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: ulli
* Aragonese: oliba, oliva
* Corsican: aliva
* Dalmatian: olea
* → Esperanto: olivo
* Friulian: ulive
* → Ido: olivo
* Italian: oliva
* → Middle High German: olīve
** German: Olive
*** →? Hunsrik: Oliv
* Old French: olive
** → English: olive
** French: olive
*** Romanian: olivă
* Old Occitan: oliva
** Catalan: oliva
** Occitan: oliva
* Old Galician-Portuguese: oliva
** Fala: oliva
** Galician: oliva
** Portuguese: oliva
* Romansch: uliva, uleiva
* Sardinian: aliva
* Sicilian: aliva, uliva
* Spanish: oliva
* Venetan: oliva, ołiva
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *olīvus
** Catalan: oliu
** Italian: olivo
** Sicilian: alivu
** Spanish: olivo

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐλαία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 401

### Further reading

* “oliva”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “oliva”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “oliva”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

### Anagrams

* viola

## Middle English
### Noun

oliva
* Alternative form of olyve

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin olīva.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /oˈli.vɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /oˈli.vɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /oˈli.va/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔˈli.vɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔˈli.vɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɔˈli.bɐ/ [ɔˈli.βɐ]
* Hyphenation: o‧li‧va

### Noun

oliva f (plural olivas)
* olive tree
    Synonym: oliveira
* olive (fruit)
    Synonym: azeitona

#### Derived terms

* olival
* olivedo

#### Related terms

* oliveira
* oliveirense

### References

* ↑ “oliva”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “oliva”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* uliva (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
* uleiva (Surmiran)

### Etymology

From Latin olīva (“olive”).

### Noun

oliva f (plural olivas)
* (Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) olive (fruit)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Via German Olive, from Latin olīva, from Ancient Greek ἐλαία (elaía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oliva/

### Noun

oliva f (genitive singular olivy, nominative plural olivy, genitive plural olív, declension pattern of žena)
* olive (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* olivový
* olivovo
* olivovník

### Further reading

* “oliva”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin olīva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈliba/ [oˈli.β̞a]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -iba
* Syllabification: o‧li‧va

### Noun

oliva f (plural olivas)
* olive (fruit)
    Synonym: aceituna
* olive tree
    Synonym: olivo
* owl
    Synonym: lechuza

#### Derived terms

* aceite de oliva

#### Related terms

* oleicultura
* olivar
* olivo

### Further reading

* “oliva”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10