# strādāt
## Latvian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old East Slavic страдати (stradati, “to strive; to work hard; to suffer”); cf. Russian страда́ть (stradátʹ, “to suffer”), also dialectal страда́ (stradá, “time of hard (farm) work; hard (farm) work”). This loanword is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stɾàːdâːt]
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### Verb

strādāt (transitive or intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present strādāju, strādā, strādā, past strādāju)
* to work (to perform certain actions so as to produce something of material or cultural value)
    čakli, intensīvi strādāt ― to work diligently, intensively
    strādāt labi, lēni ― to work well, slowly
    strādāt no rīta līdz vakaram ― to work from morning to night
    strādāt pagalmā ― to work in the yard
    strādāt pie rakstāmgalda ― to work at the desk
    strādāt bērnu labā ― to work for the benefit of the children
    kas nestrādā, tam nebūs ēst ― who doesn't work, won't have (anything) to eat
    raksturs skarbs, bet strādāt viņa prata ― (her) character is rough, but she knows how to work
    galvenais, ka vēl varu strādāt: kamēr cilvēks strādā, tikmēr dzīvo ― the important thing is that I still can work: as long as people work, they live
    un viņi strādāja: Jānis ara, ecēja, sēja, pļāva, cirta kokus, vēla akmeņus... ― and they worked: Jānis plowed, harrowed, sowed, reaped, cut down trees, rolled stones (away)...
* to work (to perform certain activities, usually for a long time, in exchange for payment)
    strādāt rūpnīcā ― to work in a factory
    strādāt uz kuģa ― to work on a ship
    strādāt par šoferi ― to work as a driver
    tēvs iet pa nakti strādāt maiznīca ― father goes by night to work in a bakery
* to work in (something) (to perform certain activities systematically, in a certain specialty or area of interest)
    strādāt lauksaimniecībā ― to work in agriculture
    strādāt izglītībā ― to work in education
    strādāt rakstniecībā ― to work in literature
    meistars teicami strādāja arī karikatūrā ― the master also worked excellently (= did excellent work) in caricature
    Eduards Vītols joprojām turpināja strādāt iemīļotajā akvarelī ― Eduards Vītols continued on working on his beloved watercolors
    strādāt pie izgudrojuma ― to work on an invention
* to work on (something) (to perform certain activities relating to the making or preparing of something)
    strādāt pie izgudrojuma ― to work on an invention
    strādāt pie zinātniska temata ― to work on a scientific topic
    strādāt pie disertācijas ― to work on (one's) dissertation
    strādājot pie Stellas Kempbelas lomas, gribējās atklāt šīs aktrises iekšējo pasauli ― working on the role of Stella Campbell, I wanted to reveal this actress' inner world
* to work with (to be systematically busy with the training or teaching, e.g., of a group of people)
    strādāt ar kori ― to work with the choir
    strādāt ar deju ansambli ― to work with a dance ensemble
    strādāt ar bērniem ― to work with children
    populārākais vieds, kā muzejā strādā ar apmeklētāju, ir ekskursija ― the most popular way in which they work with the visitors at the museum, is (to do an) excursion
* to work with (to use something while working)
    strādāt ar jaunām mašīnām ― to work with new machines
    strādāt ar lapstu ― to work with a shovel
    strādāt ar eļļas krāsām ― to work with oil paints
    strādāju mājā ar vārdnīcu līdz pusnaktij, dažreiz arī vēlāk ― I work with the dictionary at home until midnight, sometimes later
* (transitive) to work, to do a certain work, a job, or at a certain time
    strādāt fizisku darbu ― to work, do physical labor
    strādāt smagu darbu ― to do hard work
    strādāt gadījuma darbus ― to work, do odd jobs
    strādāt virsstundas ― to work overtime
    strādāt palaidnības ― to work (= do) mischief
    Leontīne strādāja valsts darbu ar cietu algu un apmaksātu atvaļinājumu ― Leontīne worked in a public job with a fixed salary and paid vacation
    ja viņa domāja par bērnības dienām, arvien atcērējās sevi, mazu meiteni, kaut ko strādājam: vai nu bija jānes ūdens, vai malka, vai jāmazgā grīda, vai vēl kas cits jādara ― if she thought about her childhood days, she always remembered herself (as a) small girl working on something: either (she) had to carry water, or firewood, or wash the floor, or (there was) something else to do
* (agriculture, transitive) to prepare land for sowing
    smilts augsne ir irdena, viegli strādājama, ātri iesislst, bet arī ātri atdziest ― sand soil is light, easy to work, it warms up quickly but it also cools quickly
* (of institutions, enterprises, businesses; usually 3rd person) to work (to be open, to be in the process of carrying out its tasks)
    rūpnīca strādā trijās maiņās ― the factory works in three shifts
    poliklīnika strādā no astoņiem rītā ― the clinic works, is open from eight a.m.
    veikals strādā bez pusdienas pārtraukuma ― the shop works without a lunch break
    ir sestdienas rīts, un kantoris nestrādā ― it is Saturday morning, and the office does not work, is not open
* (of machines, devices) to work (to function normally, to be able to carry out its normal functions or tasks; also figuratively)
    traktors strādā labi ― the tractor is working well
    mehānisms strādā precīzi ― the mechanism works precisely, with precision
    telefons nestrādā ― the telephone isn't working
    lai cik neatlaidīgi strādāja saule no agra rīta līdz vēlam vakaram, tā tomēr vēl nebija paspējusi nokausēt biezo sniegu ― however steadily the sun worked from early morning till late evening, it still could not melt the thick snow
* (of body parts, of bodily and mental processes; usually 3rd person) to work (to function, to fulfil its normal functions)
    domas strādā ātri ― thoughts work fast
    ir fizisks darbs, kad galvenokārt strādā muskuļi ― there is physical work, when mostly the muscles work
    sirds strādāja kā ar veseri: tuk-tuk-tuk... ― (her) heart was working like a sledgehammer: tuk-tuk-tuk...
* (of animals; usually 3rd person) to work (to carry out a certain expected action or task)
    iejūgti zirgi strādāja visu laiku ― the yoked horses worked all the time
    bitītes medu nes, pulciņā strādādamas ― the little bees carry honey, working in small group(s)

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* apstrādāt
* atstrādāt
* iestrādāt
* izstrādāt
* nostrādāt
* pastrādāt
* pārstrādāt
* piestrādāt
* sastrādāt
* uzstrādāt
    other derived terms:
* strādināt
* strādnieks, strādniece
* strādīgs, strādīgums

### See also

* darbs

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “strādāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN