# graben
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).

### Noun

graben (plural grabens or graben)
* (geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.
    Antonym: horst
    Coordinate term: fault
    Hyponym: rift valley
** 1959, Robert G. Yates, George A. Thompson, Geology and Quicksilver Deposits of the Terlingua District, Texas, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 312, page 49,
    The magnitude and shape of the large grabens strongly suggest that, when they formed, material much more mobile than ordinary rocks was present at a depth no greater than a few miles.
** 1969, V. V. Beloussov, “Contintal Rifts”, in Pembroke J. Hart, editor, The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, page 539:This system includes the Syrian and Lebanese grabens; the grabens of the Dead Sea, Wadi al Arabah, Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden; and the Ethiopian graben.
** 1997, Jean-Marie Rouchy, 2: Paleogene Continental Rift System of Western Europe, Georges Busson, B. Charlotte Schreiber (editors), Sedimentary Deposition in Rift and Foreland Basins in France and Spain (Paleogene and Lower Neogene), page 83,
    Migration of the subsidence axis has been revealed by the detailed sedimentological studies in most of these grabens, particularly in the Bresse basin (Curial 1986; Moretto 1986/1987) and in Manosque-Forcalquier.
** 2015, C. F. Burgess, et al., Chapter 35: The Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A Case Study of Continental Rifting, W. Manspeizer (editor), Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins, Part A, page 866,
    These distinct zones of strike-slip or scissor faulting which separate adjacent half-grabens were termed interbasinal ridges and hinged highs by Rosendahl et al. (1986).

#### Derived terms

* half-graben

#### Translations
### Further reading

* graben on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Bergan, banger

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German graben, from Old High German graban, from Proto-West Germanic *graban. Cognate with English grave (“to dig”), Polish grzebać (“to bury”), Czech hřésti (“to bury”). Doublet of gravieren.
Compare German Grab (“grave”), Serbo-Croatian and Slovene grob (“grave”), Czech and Slovak hrob (“grave”), Polish grób (“grave”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡʁaːbən/, [ˈɡʁaːbm̩] (Germany)
* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ˈɡʁaːbɛn/, [ˈɡʁaːbɱ̩] (Austria)
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Hyphenation: gra‧ben
* Homophone: Graben
* Rhymes: -aːbn̩

### Verb

graben (class 6 strong, third-person singular present gräbt, past tense grub, past participle gegraben, past subjunctive grübe, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive or intransitive) to dig
* (transitive, intransitive or reflexive, of an animal) to burrow

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* abgraben
* angraben
* aufgraben
* ausgraben
* begraben
* druntergraben
* durchgraben
* eingraben
* ergraben
* Graben
* herausgraben
* hereingraben
* herumgraben
* hervorgraben
* hinausgraben
* hineingraben
* hinterhergraben
* hinübergraben
* losgraben
* nachgraben
* rausgraben
* reingraben
* rumgraben
* umgraben
* untergraben
* vergraben
* vorbeigraben
* vorgraben
* weitergraben
* zugraben
* zurückgraben

#### Related terms

* Grab

### Further reading

* “graben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “graben” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “graben” in Duden online
* “graben” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Spanish
### Verb

graben
* inflection of grabar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative