# linga
## English
### Noun

linga (plural lingas)
* Alternative form of lingam

### Anagrams

* Gilan, Glina, Laing, Langi, Liang, algin, align, ganil, liang, ligan

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: li‧nga

### Noun

linga
* an evergreen shrub, Mahonia philippinensis

### Verb

linga
* to engross

### Adjective

linga
* inattentive

## Chavacano
### Noun

lingá
* sesame seed

## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -linga, from Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́nga (“search for, watch for, desire”).

### Verb

linga
* to try, to attempt

## French
### Noun

linga m (plural lingas)
* Alternative spelling of lingam

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* lingam

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit लिङ्ग (liṅga, “sign, mark; penis”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlin.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -inɡa
* Hyphenation: lìn‧ga

### Noun

linga m (invariable)
* (Shaivism) lingam

### Further reading

* linga in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Lingala
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Bantu *-dɪ́nga or *-dɪ̀nga?”).

### Verb

-linga (infinitive kolinga)
* to need
* to love
* to desire; to want

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English ring.

### Noun

linga
* ring

#### Derived terms

* lingaworon (“ringworm”)
* nosolinga (“nose piercing”)
* yesilinga (“earring”)

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-linga (infinitive kulinga)
* to compare, to match
    kulinga nguo ― to try on clothes

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -linga :
| Positive present | -nalinga |
| Subjunctive | -linge |
| Negative | -lingi |
| Imperative singular | linga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kulinga |
| Negative | kutolinga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | linga |
| Plural | lingeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hulinga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lilinga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kulinga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -talinga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -talinga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -silinge |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngelinga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singelinga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalilinga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalilinga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -melinga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshalinga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jalinga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kilinga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipolinga |
| Consecutive | kalinga / positive subject concord + -kalinga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kalinge |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Reciprocal: -lingana (“to be equal, to be similar”)

## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́nga (“search for, watch for, desire”).

### Verb

-línga
* to try, to tempt, to test

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləŋa. Compare Bikol Central lunga, Cebuano lunga, Ilocano lengnga, Ibanag langa, Maranao lenga, and Tausug lunga.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liˈŋa/ [lɪˈŋa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: li‧nga

#### Noun

lingá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ)
* sesame

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liˈŋaʔ/ [lɪˈŋaʔ], /ˈliŋaʔ/ [ˈliː.ŋɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ, -iŋaʔ
* Syllabification: li‧nga

#### Noun

lingâ or lingà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ)
* looking sideways, from left to right (as in searching for something or someone)
    Synonym: pagpapalingon-lingon
* (obsolete) act of tilting one's head
* (obsolete) act of swerving to the one side
* (obsolete) wobbling from side to side (especially of a boat)
    Synonym: linggatong

##### Derived terms

* linga-linga
* lingain
* luminga
* magpalinga-linga
* malinga
* malingain
* mapalinga
* paglinga
* palinga-linga

##### See also

* baling
* lingon
* sulyap
* tanaw
* tingin

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liŋa (“negligence, inattentiveness”). Compare Aklanon linga (“challenged hearing”), Cebuano linga (“split attention”).

#### Adjective

lingâ or lingà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ) (obsolete)
* forgetful
* half-deaf

##### Derived terms

* ikalinga
* lingain
* malinga

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈliŋa/ [ˈliː.ŋɐ]
* Rhymes: -iŋa
* Syllabification: li‧nga

#### Noun

linga (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ) (obsolete)
* act of unravelling something

##### Derived terms

* ilinga
* maglinga

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Sanskrit लिङ्ग (liṅga, “sign, mark; phallus”). Compare Malay lingga (“stone memorial”). Doublet of linggam.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liˈŋa/ [lɪˈŋa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: li‧nga

#### Noun

lingá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ) (obsolete)
* lingam (as a kind of idol)

### Further reading

* “linga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.‎ (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎, la Faculté de médecine, A. Davy
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 288

### Anagrams

* Aling, laing, angil, aling, ilang

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́nga (“search for, watch for, desire”).

### Verb

-línga
* to try, to attempt

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́nga (“search for, watch for, desire”).

### Verb

-lînga
* (transitive) to try, to attempt
* (transitive) to test, to tempt
* (transitive) to do magic tricks

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukulinga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukulinga | ukungalingi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | linga | -linge |
| Plural | lingani | -lingeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyalinga, ngilinga | engilingayo, engilinga | ngilinga | angilingi | engingalingi | ngingalingi |
| 2nd singular | uyalinga, ulinga | olingayo, olinga | ulinga | awulingi | ongalingi | ungalingi |
| 1st plural | siyalinga, silinga | esilingayo, esilinga | silinga | asilingi | esingalingi | singalingi |
| 2nd plural | niyalinga, nilinga | enilingayo, enilinga | nilinga | anilingi | eningalingi | ningalingi |
| Class 1 | uyalinga, ulinga | olingayo, olinga | elinga | akalingi | ongalingi | engalingi |
| Class 2 | bayalinga, balinga | abalingayo, abalinga | belinga | abalingi | abangalingi | bengalingi |
| Class 3 | uyalinga, ulinga | olingayo, olinga | ulinga | awulingi | ongalingi | ungalingi |
| Class 4 | iyalinga, ilinga | elingayo, elinga | ilinga | ayilingi | engalingi | ingalingi |
| Class 5 | liyalinga, lilinga | elilingayo, elilinga | lilinga | alilingi | elingalingi | lingalingi |
| Class 6 | ayalinga, alinga | alingayo, alinga | elinga | awalingi | angalingi | engalingi |
| Class 7 | siyalinga, silinga | esilingayo, esilinga | silinga | asilingi | esingalingi | singalingi |
| Class 8 | ziyalinga, zilinga | ezilingayo, ezilinga | zilinga | azilingi | ezingalingi | zingalingi |
| Class 9 | iyalinga, ilinga | elingayo, elinga | ilinga | ayilingi | engalingi | ingalingi |
| Class 10 | ziyalinga, zilinga | ezilingayo, ezilinga | zilinga | azilingi | ezingalingi | zingalingi |
| Class 11 | luyalinga, lulinga | olulingayo, olulinga | lulinga | alulingi | olungalingi | lungalingi |
| Class 14 | buyalinga, bulinga | obulingayo, obulinga | bulinga | abulingi | obungalingi | bungalingi |
| Class 15 | kuyalinga, kulinga | okulingayo, okulinga | kulinga | akulingi | okungalingi | kungalingi |
| Class 17 | kuyalinga, kulinga | okulingayo, okulinga | kulinga | akulingi | okungalingi | kungalingi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngilingile, ngilingē | engilingile, engilingē | ngilingile, ngilingē | angilinganga | engingalinganga | ngingalinganga |
| 2nd singular | ulingile, ulingē | olingile, olingē | ulingile, ulingē | awulinganga | ongalinganga | ungalinganga |
| 1st plural | silingile, silingē | esilingile, esilingē | silingile, silingē | asilinganga | esingalinganga | singalinganga |
| 2nd plural | nilingile, nilingē | enilingile, enilingē | nilingile, nilingē | anilinganga | eningalinganga | ningalinganga |
| Class 1 | ulingile, ulingē | olingile, olingē | elingile, elingē | akalinganga | ongalinganga | engalinganga |
| Class 2 | balingile, balingē | abalingile, abalingē | belingile, belingē | abalinganga | abangalinganga | bengalinganga |
| Class 3 | ulingile, ulingē | olingile, olingē | ulingile, ulingē | awulinganga | ongalinganga | ungalinganga |
| Class 4 | ilingile, ilingē | elingile, elingē | ilingile, ilingē | ayilinganga | engalinganga | ingalinganga |
| Class 5 | lilingile, lilingē | elilingile, elilingē | lilingile, lilingē | alilinganga | elingalinganga | lingalinganga |
| Class 6 | alingile, alingē | alingile, alingē | elingile, elingē | awalinganga | angalinganga | engalinganga |
| Class 7 | silingile, silingē | esilingile, esilingē | silingile, silingē | asilinganga | esingalinganga | singalinganga |
| Class 8 | zilingile, zilingē | ezilingile, ezilingē | zilingile, zilingē | azilinganga | ezingalinganga | zingalinganga |
| Class 9 | ilingile, ilingē | elingile, elingē | ilingile, ilingē | ayilinganga | engalinganga | ingalinganga |
| Class 10 | zilingile, zilingē | ezilingile, ezilingē | zilingile, zilingē | azilinganga | ezingalinganga | zingalinganga |
| Class 11 | lulingile, lulingē | olulingile, olulingē | lulingile, lulingē | alulinganga | olungalinganga | lungalinganga |
| Class 14 | bulingile, bulingē | obulingile, obulingē | bulingile, bulingē | abulinganga | obungalinganga | bungalinganga |
| Class 15 | kulingile, kulingē | okulingile, okulingē | kulingile, kulingē | akulinganga | okungalinganga | kungalinganga |
| Class 17 | kulingile, kulingē | okulingile, okulingē | kulingile, kulingē | akulinganga | okungalinganga | kungalinganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngālinga | engālinga | ngālinga | angilinganga | engingalinganga | ngingalinganga |
| 2nd singular | wālinga | owālinga | wālinga | awulinganga | ongalinganga | ungalinganga |
| 1st plural | sālinga | esālinga | sālinga | asilinganga | esingalinganga | singalinganga |
| 2nd plural | nālinga | enālinga | nālinga | anilinganga | eningalinganga | ningalinganga |
| Class 1 | wālinga | owālinga | ālinga | akalinganga | ongalinganga | engalinganga |
| Class 2 | bālinga | abālinga | bālinga | abalinganga | abangalinganga | bengalinganga |
| Class 3 | wālinga | owālinga | wālinga | awulinganga | ongalinganga | ungalinganga |
| Class 4 | yālinga | eyālinga | yālinga | ayilinganga | engalinganga | ingalinganga |
| Class 5 | lālinga | elālinga | lālinga | alilinganga | elingalinganga | lingalinganga |
| Class 6 | ālinga | ālinga | ālinga | awalinganga | angalinganga | engalinganga |
| Class 7 | sālinga | esālinga | sālinga | asilinganga | esingalinganga | singalinganga |
| Class 8 | zālinga | ezālinga | zālinga | azilinganga | ezingalinganga | zingalinganga |
| Class 9 | yālinga | eyālinga | yālinga | ayilinganga | engalinganga | ingalinganga |
| Class 10 | zālinga | ezālinga | zālinga | azilinganga | ezingalinganga | zingalinganga |
| Class 11 | lwālinga | olwālinga | lwālinga | alulinganga | olungalinganga | lungalinganga |
| Class 14 | bālinga | obālinga | bālinga | abulinganga | obungalinganga | bungalinganga |
| Class 15 | kwālinga | okwālinga | kwālinga | akulinganga | okungalinganga | kungalinganga |
| Class 17 | kwālinga | okwālinga | kwālinga | akulinganga | okungalinganga | kungalinganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingalinga | — | ngingalinga | ngingelinge | — | ngingelinge |
| 2nd singular | ungalinga | — | ungalinga | ungelinge | — | ungelinge |
| 1st plural | singalinga | — | singalinga | singelinge | — | singelinge |
| 2nd plural | ningalinga | — | ningalinga | ningelinge | — | ningelinge |
| Class 1 | angalinga | — | engalinga | angelinge | — | engelinge |
| Class 2 | bangalinga | — | bengalinga | bangelinge | — | bengelinge |
| Class 3 | ungalinga | — | ungalinga | ungelinge | — | ungelinge |
| Class 4 | ingalinga | — | ingalinga | ingelinge | — | ingelinge |
| Class 5 | lingalinga | — | lingalinga | lingelinge | — | lingelinge |
| Class 6 | angalinga | — | engalinga | angelinge | — | engelinge |
| Class 7 | singalinga | — | singalinga | singelinge | — | singelinge |
| Class 8 | zingalinga | — | zingalinga | zingelinge | — | zingelinge |
| Class 9 | ingalinga | — | ingalinga | ingelinge | — | ingelinge |
| Class 10 | zingalinga | — | zingalinga | zingelinge | — | zingelinge |
| Class 11 | lungalinga | — | lungalinga | lungelinge | — | lungelinge |
| Class 14 | bungalinga | — | bungalinga | bungelinge | — | bungelinge |
| Class 15 | kungalinga | — | kungalinga | kungelinge | — | kungelinge |
| Class 17 | kungalinga | — | kungalinga | kungelinge | — | kungelinge |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizolinga | engizolinga | ngizolinga | angizulinga | engingezulinga | ngingezulinga |
| 2nd singular | uzolinga | ozolinga | uzolinga | awuzulinga | ongezulinga | ungezulinga |
| 1st plural | sizolinga | esizolinga | sizolinga | asizulinga | esingezulinga | singezulinga |
| 2nd plural | nizolinga | enizolinga | nizolinga | anizulinga | eningezulinga | ningezulinga |
| Class 1 | uzolinga | ozolinga | ezolinga | akazulinga | ongezulinga | engezulinga |
| Class 2 | bazolinga | abazolinga | bezolinga | abazulinga | abangezulinga | bengezulinga |
| Class 3 | uzolinga | ozolinga | uzolinga | awuzulinga | ongezulinga | ungezulinga |
| Class 4 | izolinga | ezolinga | izolinga | ayizulinga | engezulinga | ingezulinga |
| Class 5 | lizolinga | elizolinga | lizolinga | alizulinga | elingezulinga | lingezulinga |
| Class 6 | azolinga | azolinga | ezolinga | awazulinga | angezulinga | engezulinga |
| Class 7 | sizolinga | esizolinga | sizolinga | asizulinga | esingezulinga | singezulinga |
| Class 8 | zizolinga | ezizolinga | zizolinga | azizulinga | ezingezulinga | zingezulinga |
| Class 9 | izolinga | ezolinga | izolinga | ayizulinga | engezulinga | ingezulinga |
| Class 10 | zizolinga | ezizolinga | zizolinga | azizulinga | ezingezulinga | zingezulinga |
| Class 11 | luzolinga | oluzolinga | luzolinga | aluzulinga | olungezulinga | lungezulinga |
| Class 14 | buzolinga | obuzolinga | buzolinga | abuzulinga | obungezulinga | bungezulinga |
| Class 15 | kuzolinga | okuzolinga | kuzolinga | akuzulinga | okungezulinga | kungezulinga |
| Class 17 | kuzolinga | okuzolinga | kuzolinga | akuzulinga | okungezulinga | kungezulinga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyolinga | engiyolinga | ngiyolinga | angiyulinga | engingeyulinga | ngingeyulinga |
| 2nd singular | uyolinga | oyolinga | uyolinga | awuyulinga | ongeyulinga | ungeyulinga |
| 1st plural | siyolinga | esiyolinga | siyolinga | asiyulinga | esingeyulinga | singeyulinga |
| 2nd plural | niyolinga | eniyolinga | niyolinga | aniyulinga | eningeyulinga | ningeyulinga |
| Class 1 | uyolinga | oyolinga | eyolinga | akayulinga | ongeyulinga | engeyulinga |
| Class 2 | bayolinga | abayolinga | beyolinga | abayulinga | abangeyulinga | bengeyulinga |
| Class 3 | uyolinga | oyolinga | uyolinga | awuyulinga | ongeyulinga | ungeyulinga |
| Class 4 | iyolinga | eyolinga | iyolinga | ayiyulinga | engeyulinga | ingeyulinga |
| Class 5 | liyolinga | eliyolinga | liyolinga | aliyulinga | elingeyulinga | lingeyulinga |
| Class 6 | ayolinga | ayolinga | eyolinga | awayulinga | angeyulinga | engeyulinga |
| Class 7 | siyolinga | esiyolinga | siyolinga | asiyulinga | esingeyulinga | singeyulinga |
| Class 8 | ziyolinga | eziyolinga | ziyolinga | aziyulinga | ezingeyulinga | zingeyulinga |
| Class 9 | iyolinga | eyolinga | iyolinga | ayiyulinga | engeyulinga | ingeyulinga |
| Class 10 | ziyolinga | eziyolinga | ziyolinga | aziyulinga | ezingeyulinga | zingeyulinga |
| Class 11 | luyolinga | oluyolinga | luyolinga | aluyulinga | olungeyulinga | lungeyulinga |
| Class 14 | buyolinga | obuyolinga | buyolinga | abuyulinga | obungeyulinga | bungeyulinga |
| Class 15 | kuyolinga | okuyolinga | kuyolinga | akuyulinga | okungeyulinga | kungeyulinga |
| Class 17 | kuyolinga | okuyolinga | kuyolinga | akuyulinga | okungeyulinga | kungeyulinga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngilinge | ngingalingi |
| 2nd singular | ulinge | ungalingi |
| 1st plural | silinge | singalingi |
| 2nd plural | nilinge | ningalingi |
| Class 1 | alinge | angalingi |
| Class 2 | balinge | bangalingi |
| Class 3 | ulinge | ungalingi |
| Class 4 | ilinge | ingalingi |
| Class 5 | lilinge | lingalingi |
| Class 6 | alinge | angalingi |
| Class 7 | silinge | singalingi |
| Class 8 | zilinge | zingalingi |
| Class 9 | ilinge | ingalingi |
| Class 10 | zilinge | zingalingi |
| Class 11 | lulinge | lungalingi |
| Class 14 | bulinge | bungalingi |
| Class 15 | kulinge | kungalingi |
| Class 17 | kulinge | kungalingi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngalinga | ngangalinga, angalinga, angangalinga |
| 2nd singular | walinga | wangalinga, awalinga, awangalinga |
| 1st plural | salinga | sangalinga, asalinga, asangalinga |
| 2nd plural | nalinga | nangalinga, analinga, anangalinga |
| Class 1 | walinga | wangalinga, akalinga, akangalinga |
| Class 2 | balinga | bangalinga, abalinga, abangalinga |
| Class 3 | walinga | wangalinga, awalinga, awangalinga |
| Class 4 | yalinga | yangalinga, ayalinga, ayangalinga |
| Class 5 | lalinga | langalinga, alalinga, alangalinga |
| Class 6 | alinga | angalinga, awalinga, awangalinga |
| Class 7 | salinga | sangalinga, asalinga, asangalinga |
| Class 8 | zalinga | zangalinga, azalinga, azangalinga |
| Class 9 | yalinga | yangalinga, ayalinga, ayangalinga |
| Class 10 | zalinga | zangalinga, azalinga, azangalinga |
| Class 11 | lwalinga | lwangalinga, alwalinga, alwangalinga |
| Class 14 | balinga | bangalinga, abalinga, abangalinga |
| Class 15 | kwalinga | kwangalinga, akwalinga, akwangalinga |
| Class 17 | kwalinga | kwangalinga, akwalinga, akwangalinga |

#### Derived terms

* -lingisa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “linga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “linga (3.9)”