# գայլ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* գել (gel) (dialectal)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian գայլ (gayl). The inherited form is գել (gel).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑjl/, [ɡɑjl]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑjl/, [kʰɑjl]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

գայլ • (gayl)
* wolf

#### Derived terms

* շնագայլ (šnagayl)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *wáy
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *waylos (“howler, wolf”), which replaced the usual Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) due to taboo. The traditional attempts to derive from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) face great phonetic problems.

#### Alternative forms

* գայղ (gaył)

#### Noun

գայլ • (gayl)
* wolf
    գայլ մատակ ― gayl matak ― she-wolf
    կորիւն գայլոյ ― koriwn gayloy ― wolf's cub
    ցնկնիլ գայլոյ ― cʻnknil gayloy ― whelping
    ոռնալ գայլոյ ― oṙnal gayloy ― howling

##### Derived terms

* գայլաբար (gaylabar)
* գայլաբարոյ (gaylabaroy)
* գայլաբարու (gaylabaru)
* գայլաբերան (gaylaberan)
* գայլագռաւ (gaylagṙaw)
* գայլախազ (gaylaxaz)
* գայլախազեայ (gaylaxazeay)
* գայլակեր (gaylaker)
* գայլակերպ (gaylakerp)
* գայլակորիւն (gaylakoriwn)
* գայլահազ (gaylahaz)
* գայլահալած (gaylahalac)
* գայլանամ (gaylanam)
* գայլապատառ (gaylapataṙ)
* գայլապէս (gaylapēs)
* գայլառ (gaylaṙ)
* գայլավատնեալ (gaylavatneal)
* գայլեղէն (gaylełēn)
* գայլենի (gayleni)
* գայլխոտ (gaylxot)
* գայլութիւն (gaylutʻiwn)
* մարդագայլ (mardagayl)
* մռզգայլիմ (mṙzgaylim)

##### Descendants

* Armenian: → գայլ (gayl) (learned), > գել (gel) (inherited)
* →? Old Georgian: მგელი (mgeli)
** Georgian: მგელი (mgeli)
** →? Laz: მგერი (mgeri), მჯვერი (mcveri), გვერი (gveri), გუ̂ერი (gûeri)
** →? Mingrelian: გერი (geri), ნგერი (ngeri)

#### References

* ↑ Fick, August (1894) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, volume II, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 259–260
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 34
* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 196

#### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 511–513
* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1940) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun [History of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 42–43
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գայլ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 431
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գայլ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 61-62

### Etymology 2

From գայլ (gayl, “wolf”), a semantic loan from Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos, “wolf; bit for a horse”). Compare also Latin lupus (“wolf; bit with jagged teeth”).

#### Alternative forms

* գել (gel)
* գէլ (gēl)

#### Noun

գայլ • (gayl)
* muzzle, cover for nose and mouth, bit
    գայլ ի բերան ածել, արկանել, հարկանել ― gayl i beran acel, arkanel, harkanel ― to gag

##### Declension
#### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press