# shell shock
## English
### Alternative forms

* shellshock, shell-shock

### Etymology

Well attested during World War I. Attempts to find attestations that predate that war seem fruitless. The ambiguity of reference to a range of phenomena, from physical concussion due to the explosively loud noise of artillery fire (on both the sending and receiving ends) to psychological reactions to violence and maiming, was present in the term's use from the start. In 21st-century wars there is continued evidence that long, close exposure to the noise of artillery can cause traumatic brain injury even in soldiers who did not take incoming artillery fire. But most discussions of shell shock in World War I concerned combat stress as well.

### Noun

shell shock (countable and uncountable, plural shell shocks)
* (figuratively) A stunning shock.
** 2004, Edgar Lee Masters, Barrett Bays: Domesday Book, page 322:" […] Think of me / With all these psychic shell shocks — first the war, / Its great emotions, then this Elenor."
** 2010, Roberta Brandes Gratz, The Battle for Gotham, page 21:But while malls killed much of downtown America, they only partially injured New York City. The density of this city guaranteed a less dramatic impact than the shell shocks that crippled so many other cities.
* (uncountable) A psychiatric condition characterized by fatigue caused by battle; it is not a current diagnosis in medicine, but it corresponds largely with the current diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.
    Synonyms: battle fatigue, combat fatigue
** 2004, George Carlin, “EUPHEMISMS: Shell Shock to PTSD”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 40:There's a condition in combat—most people know it by now. It occurs when a soldier's nervous system has reached the breaking point. In World War I, it was called shell shock. Simple, honest, direct language. Two syllables. Shell shock. Almost sounds like the guns themselves. Shell shock!!
* A person with the condition.
** 1920, Phillip Gibbs, Now It Can Be Told, published 2009, page 350:I passed through the shell-shock wards and a yard where the "shell-shocks" sat about, dumb, or making queer, foolish noises, or staring with a look of animal fear in their eyes.
** 1943, Arthur Graham Butler, The Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914-1918, volume 3, page 107:Of the 79 officer casualties 10 were "shell-shocks", or about 12 per cent, of the whole. Of the 10 shell-shocks 4 were sent to C.C.S. and 6 to Corps Rest Station.
** 2004, Susan Zeiger, In Uncle Sam's Service: Women Workers with the American Expeditionary Force, 1917—1919, page 131:Most nurses found the helplessness of "the shell shocks" painful and "pitiful."
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see shell,‎ shock.
** 1967, Bernard Share, Inish, page 99:The other was to go on, to the next drink or the bed or the grass outside, where the party-noises ebbed and flowed like shell-shocks and the Southern Cross burnt crookedly above.

#### Related terms

* shell shocked (adjective)

#### See also

* soldier's heart

### Verb

shell shock (third-person singular simple present shell shocks, present participle shell shocking, simple past and past participle shell shocked)
* To stun or debilitate as by a shock.
** 1919, Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, numbers 148-152, page xx:It was General du Pont's 'forty-five' which bellowed and thundered and echoed through Fifth avenue, scaring horses and shell shocking pedestrians.
** 1999, Brother Gilbert (Phillip F. Cairnes), Harry Rothgerber (editor), Young Babe Ruth, page 146,
    The crack of the home run that the batsman cherishes shell-shocks the nerves of the pitcher who threw it.
** 2008, Linda Mi-Suk Enos, The Korean Palace of Honolulu, Condensed (6 x 9) Version, page 462,
    Silently Melissa listened to her mother as she softly convincingly spoke the raw naked truth the best way she knew how without shell shocking the girl.
** 2010, John E. Shephard, Jr, Cottage Lake Soliloquy, page 10:Barry sounded lighter, his spirits lifting slightly from the shell shocking humiliation and helplessness he'd been feeling.

### See also

* post-traumatic stress disorder
* PTSD