# 冕

| 冕 | U+5195, &#20885; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5195 |
| ← 冔 [U+5194] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冖 → [U+5196] |
| 冕 | U+2F8D3, &#194771; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D3 |
| ← 冒 [U+2F8D2] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 最 → [U+2F8D4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冕 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日山 (ANAU), four-corner 6041$_6$, composition ⿱冃免 (GTJV) or ⿱日免 (K))
* crown
* ceremonial cap

#### Derived characters

* 𪼚, 𨬋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1545
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1514, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5195
* Unihan data for U+2F8D3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 免 | *mronʔ |
| 娩 | *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
| 勉 | *mronʔ |
| 俛 | *mronʔ |
| 鮸 | *mronʔ |
| 冕 | *mronʔ |
| 絻 | *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns |
| 婏 | *m̥ʰos |
| 浼 | *muːlʔ |
| 鞔 | *moːn |
| 悗 | *moːn |
| 嬎 | *m̥ʰons |
| 晚 | *monʔ |
| 挽 | *monʔ |
| 輓 | *monʔ, *mons |
| 脕 | *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
| 莬 | *muns |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎn (mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bián
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$
*** Yale: míhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
*** Tâi-lô: bián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng
*** Sinological IPA : /mieŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: mjenX
Rime :
| Character | 冕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 亡辨切 |
| Baxter | mjenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mjɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[o][r]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | miǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mr[o][r]ʔ/ |
| English | ceremonial cap |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9071 |
| Phonetic component | 免 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 免 |
| Old Chinese | /*mronʔ/ |

### Definitions

冕
* ceremonial cap; crown
    加冕 ― jiāmiǎn ― to crown; to invest as monarch
    冠冕 ― guànmiǎn ― official's hat; royal crown; official; leader
* (by extension) things similar to a crown
    日冕 ― rìmiǎn ― corona
    衛冕／卫冕 ― wèimiǎn ― to defend one's title; to defend one's championship

#### Compounds

* 冕旒 (miǎnliú)
* 冕服
* 冠冕 (guānmiǎn)
* 冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
* 冠冕衣裳
* 加冕 (jiāmiǎn)
* 北冕座 (Běimiǎnzuò)
* 南州冠冕
* 弁冕
* 旒冕
* 日冕 (rìmiǎn)
* 服冕乘軒 / 服冕乘轩
* 毳冕
* 沐猴冠冕 (mùhóuguànmiǎn)
* 無冕王 / 无冕王
* 王冕
* 紱冕 / 绂冕
* 衛冕 / 卫冕 (wèimiǎn)
* 袞冕 / 衮冕
* 裂冠毀冕 / 裂冠毁冕
* 軒冕 / 轩冕
* 鷩冕 / 𫜁冕
* 黻冕 (fúmiǎn)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “冕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)
* Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冕)

#### Compounds

* 冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)
* 冕(べん)者(しゃ) (bensha)
* 冕(べん)服(ぷく) (benpuku)
* 冕(べん)旒(りゅう) (benryū)
* 冠(かん)冕(べん) (kanben)
* 軒(けん)冕(べん) (kenben)
* 玄(げん)冕(べん) (genben)
* 袞(こん)冕(べん) (konben)
* 毳(ぜい)冕(べん) (zeiben)
* 蟬(せん)冕(べん) (senben)
* 税(だつ)冕(べん) (datsuben)
* 紱(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
* 黻(ふつ)冕(べん) (futsuben)
* 麻(ま)冕(べん) (maben)
* 旒(りゅう)冕(べん) (ryūben)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) べん [béꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

冕(べん) • (ben)
* crown

#### Synonyms

* 冕(べん)冠(かん) (benkan)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冕 (MC mjenX).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mjʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [면]

### Hanja

Wikisource 冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))
* crown

#### Compounds

* 면관 (冕冠, myeon'gwan)
* 면류 (冕旒, myeollyu)
* 면류관 (冕旒冠, myeollyugwan)
* 면복 (冕服, myeonbok)
* 곤면 (衮冕, gonmyeon)
* 관면 (冠冕, gwanmyeon)
* 헌면 (軒冕, heonmyeon)

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 冕
* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).
* 冕 in dictionaries at daum.net

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冕: Hán Nôm readings: miện, mịn

### Noun

冕
* chữ Hán form of miện (“crown”).

### Adjective

冕
* Nôm form of mịn (“(of skin, etc) smooth, silky, fine”).