# 任命
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rènmìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^6$ ming$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yin-min
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): līm-bēng / jīm-bēng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rènmìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rènmìng
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$-ming$^4$
*** Yale: rèn-mìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennminq
*** Palladius: жэньмин (žɛnʹmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$任命 認命 / 认命
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^6$ ming$^6$
*** Yale: yahm mihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^6$ ming$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^6$ ming$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²² mɪŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yin-min
*** Hakka Romanization System: in min
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^4$ min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /in⁵⁵ min⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yin-min
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in min
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^4$ min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in⁵⁵ min⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm-bēng
*** Tâi-lô: līm-bīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixmbeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm-bēng
*** Tâi-lô: jīm-bīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jixmbeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ³³/

### Verb

任命
* to appoint; to assign a job; to assign a role
       Tā bèi rènmìng wéi xiàozhǎng. [Pinyin]
       She was appointed principal.
* (literary) to resign oneself to fate
* (literary) to receive instructions

#### Synonyms

* (to appoint):
* 任用 (rènyòng)
* 委任 (wěirèn)
* 委派 (wěipài)
* 委用 (wěiyòng) (formal)
* 引用 (yǐnyòng) (Classical Chinese)
* 錄用 / 录用 (lùyòng)
* 齒錄 / 齿录 (chǐlù) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 聽天任命 / 听天任命 (tīngtiānrènmìng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 任 | 命 |
| にん Grade: 5 | めい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 任命 (MC nyimH mjaengH, “burden, charge + command”). Compare modern Mandarin 任命 (rènmìng, “to appoint”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にんめー [nìńméé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ĩmːe̞ː]

### Noun

任(にん)命(めい) • (ninmei)
* an appointment, assignment, installation, induction, or instatement of a person to an office or position

#### Antonyms

* 罷免(ひめん) (himen, “dismissal”)

#### Derived terms

* 任命権(にんめいけん) (ninmeiken): appointive power, the power to appoint or name someone to an office or position
* 任命式(にんめいしき) (ninmeishiki): a swearing-in ceremony

#### Related terms

* 任用(にんよう) (nin'yō)

### Verb

任(にん)命(めい)する • (ninmei suru) suru (stem 任(にん)命(めい)し (ninmei shi), past 任(にん)命(めい)した (ninmei shita))
* to appoint, assign, install, induct, or instate a person to an office or position
    Synonym: 命ずる
    課長(かちょう)に任命(にんめい)する
       kachō ni ninmei suru
       to appoint or name someone to the position of department or section manager

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 任命し | にんめいし | ninmei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 任命し | にんめいし | ninmei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 任命する | にんめいする | ninmei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 任命する | にんめいする | ninmei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 任命すれ | にんめいすれ | ninmei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 任命せよ¹ 任命しろ² | にんめいせよ¹ にんめいしろ² | ninmei seyo¹ ninmei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 任命される | にんめいされる | ninmei sareru |
| Causative | 任命させる 任命さす | にんめいさせる にんめいさす | ninmei saseru ninmei sasu |
| Potential | 任命できる | にんめいできる | ninmei dekiru |
| Volitional | 任命しよう | にんめいしよう | ninmei shiyō |
| Negative | 任命しない | にんめいしない | ninmei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 任命せず | にんめいせず | ninmei sezu |
| Formal | 任命します | にんめいします | ninmei shimasu |
| Perfective | 任命した | にんめいした | ninmei shita |
| Conjunctive | 任命して | にんめいして | ninmei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 任命すれば | にんめいすれば | ninmei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.