# verso
## English
### Etymology

From Latin in versō foliō (“on the turned leaf, on the turned page”), the ablative case of the Latin versus (“turned, changed”) from the perfect passive participle of vertō (“turn”). Compare rēctus (“right”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)səʊ
* Audio (General American):(file)

### Noun

verso (plural versos)
* The back side of a flat object which is to be examined visually, as for reading, such as a sheet, leaf, coin or medal;
** (printing) The left-hand page of a book of a script which reads from left to right, usually having an even page number.

#### Synonyms

* (back side of a flat object): back, flipside, backside, reverse
* (left-hand page of a book): reverso

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “back side of a flat object”): recto, obverse
* (antonym(s) of “left-hand page of a book”): recto

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Vores, overs, roves, servo, vores

## Catalan
### Verb

verso
* first-person singular present indicative of versar

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from French vers, Italian verso, German Vers, English verse and Polish wiersz, all ultimately from Latin versus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈverso]
* Rhymes: -erso
* Hyphenation: ver‧so

### Noun

verso (accusative singular verson, plural versoj, accusative plural versojn)
* line of poetry

#### Derived terms

* versaĵo (“bit of verse”)

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *vërso (compare Estonian võrsuma ~ Finnish versoa), probably borrowed from Indo-Iranian, either from Pre-Proto-Indo-Iranian *wérćos (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *wálćas, Sanskrit वल्श (valśa, “shoot, branch”)) or Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (whence Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa, “tree”)).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋerso/, [ˈʋe̞rs̠o̞]
* Rhymes: -erso
* Hyphenation: ver‧so

#### Noun

verso
* shoot (emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant)
* (botany) shoot (the part of a plant that grows above the soil)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of verso (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
versoni
versoni
accusative
nom.
versoni
versoni
gen.
versoni
genitive
versoni
versojeni
partitive
versoani
versojani
inessive
versossani
versoissani
elative
versostani
versoistani
illative
versooni
versoihini
adessive
versollani
versoillani
ablative
versoltani
versoiltani
allative
versolleni
versoilleni
essive
versonani
versoinani
translative
versokseni
versoikseni
abessive
versottani
versoittani
instructive
comitative
—versoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
versosi
versosi
accusative
nom.
versosi
versosi
gen.
versosi
genitive
versosi
versojesi
partitive
versoasi
versojasi
inessive
versossasi
versoissasi
elative
versostasi
versoistasi
illative
versoosi
versoihisi
adessive
versollasi
versoillasi
ablative
versoltasi
versoiltasi
allative
versollesi
versoillesi
essive
versonasi
versoinasi
translative
versoksesi
versoiksesi
abessive
versottasi
versoittasi
instructive
comitative
—versoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
versomme
versomme
accusative
nom.
versomme
versomme
gen.
versomme
genitive
versomme
versojemme
partitive
versoamme
versojamme
inessive
versossamme
versoissamme
elative
versostamme
versoistamme
illative
versoomme
versoihimme
adessive
versollamme
versoillamme
ablative
versoltamme
versoiltamme
allative
versollemme
versoillemme
essive
versonamme
versoinamme
translative
versoksemme
versoiksemme
abessive
versottamme
versoittamme
instructive
comitative
—versoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
versonne
versonne
accusative
nom.
versonne
versonne
gen.
versonne
genitive
versonne
versojenne
partitive
versoanne
versojanne
inessive
versossanne
versoissanne
elative
versostanne
versoistanne
illative
versoonne
versoihinne
adessive
versollanne
versoillanne
ablative
versoltanne
versoiltanne
allative
versollenne
versoillenne
essive
versonanne
versoinanne
translative
versoksenne
versoiksenne
abessive
versottanne
versoittanne
instructive
comitative
—versoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
versonsa
versonsa
accusative
nom.
versonsa
versonsa
gen.
versonsa
genitive
versonsa
versojensa
partitive
versoaan versoansa
versojaan versojansa
inessive
versossaan versossansa
versoissaan versoissansa
elative
versostaan versostansa
versoistaan versoistansa
illative
versoonsa
versoihinsa
adessive
versollaan versollansa
versoillaan versoillansa
ablative
versoltaan versoltansa
versoiltaan versoiltansa
allative
versolleen versollensa
versoilleen versoillensa
essive
versonaan versonansa
versoinaan versoinansa
translative
versokseen versoksensa
versoikseen versoiksensa
abessive
versottaan versottansa
versoittaan versoittansa
instructive
comitative
—versoineen versoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* versoa
* bambuverso
* ilmaverso
* jaloverso
* juuriverso
* laakaverso
* maaverso
* männynverso
* pääverso
* sivuverso
* versojuuri
* versokasvi
* versosyöpä
* vuosiverso

#### References

* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “versoa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

#### Further reading

* “verso”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋersoˣ/, [ˈʋe̞rs̠o̞(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -erso
* Hyphenation: ver‧so

#### Verb

verso
* inflection of versoa:
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* servo

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin versō, ablative of versus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛʁ.so/

### Noun

verso m (plural versos)
* verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
* (printing) left-hand page

### Further reading

* “verso”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Adverb

verso
* overleaf

## Ido
### Noun

verso (plural versi)
* verse

## Interlingua
### Etymology

From Italian verso, French vers.

### Preposition

verso
* towards

### Noun

verso (plural versos)
* verse
* verso, back of a sheet of paper

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛr.so/
* Rhymes: -ɛrso
* Hyphenation: vèr‧so

### Etymology 1

From Latin versus. Doublet of versus.

#### Noun

verso m (plural versi)
* (poetry) verse
* song
    Synonym: canzone
* cackle (of a hen or goose)

### Etymology 2

From Latin versus (past participle of vertere). Cognate to French vers (“towards”).

#### Preposition

verso
* toward
** in the direction of
    Synonyms: alla volta di, in direzione di
    vieni verso di me ― come to me
    il fiume scorre verso il marethe river flows to the sea
** in relation to
    Synonyms: nei riguardi di, nei confronti di
    non devi nutrire odio verso nessunoyou shouldn't harbor hate toward anyone
** in the vicinity of; near; by
    Synonyms: dalle parti di, nelle vicinanze di
    vive verso Roma ― he lives by Rome
* at about (a time)
    Synonyms: circa a, poco prima, poco dopo
    vengo verso le seiI'll come at about six (o'clock)
* close to (an age)
    Synonyms: prossimo a, vicino a
    l'ha scritto verso i vent'annihe wrote it when he was about twenty (years old)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

verso
* first-person singular present indicative of versare

### Etymology 4
#### Preposition

verso
* vicinity, proximity, nearby
* around, near to, close to
    Arriverà verso mezzogiorno.She will arrive around noon.

### References

* ↑ verso in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

### Anagrams

* servo, sevro

## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian verso (“toward”).

#### Preposition

verso (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ב׳ירסו)
* toward; towards
    Los ojos de todo el mundo estos dias son boltados verso el Medio Oryente. ― These days everybody's eyes are turned towards the Middle East.
* against (in opposition to)
    Synonym: kontra
    No tengo nada verso ti. ― I have nothing against you.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish verso (“verse”).

#### Noun

verso m (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ב׳ירסו)
* (music, poetry) verse

#### References

* 1 2 3 “verso”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* vorsō

### Etymology

Frequentative verb of vertō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯er.soː/, [ˈu̯ɛrs̠oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈver.so/, [ˈvɛrso]

### Verb

versō (present infinitive versāre, perfect active versāvī, supine versātum); first conjugation
* to turn often, keep turning, handle, whirl about, turn over
    Synonyms: vertō, circumagō
* to treat, manage
* to pervert, alter, change
    Synonyms: mūtō, commūtō, vertō, cōnferō
* to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate
    Synonyms: fatīgō, turbō, perturbō, percieō, concieō, cieō, sollicitō, agitō, angō, disturbō, īnfestō, irrītō, stimulō, ēvertō, peragō, concitō, agō, moveō, ūrō
    Antonym: cōnsōlor
* to overthrow, ruin, subvert
    Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, fundō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, sternō, prōsternō, afflīgō, dissipō, vertō
* (figuratively) to think over or through, meditate, reflect upon, revolve or turn over in one’s mind, consider, ponder
    Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, dēlīberō, putō, pendō, perpendō, cōnsīderō, reputō, cōnsulō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, videō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.285–286:Atque animum nunc hūc celerem nunc dīvidit illūc, in partīsque rapit variās perque omnia versat.And his swift mind parses now this [idea], now that [one], picks among varied options, and thinks through them all. (Aeneas considers how to end his relationship with Dido and leave Carthage.)

#### Conjugation

$^1$The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested. $^2$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

#### Derived terms

* adversō
* circumversō
* conversō
* diversō
* inversō
* reversō
* subversō
* versābilis
* versābundus
* versātilis
* versātiō
* versātus

#### Descendants

* Albanian: vërshoj
* Aromanian: versu, virsari
* Catalan: vessar
* French: verser
* Friulian: viersâ
* Galician: vesar, versar
* Italian: versare
* Norman: vèrser
* Occitan: versar
* Piedmontese: versé, vërsé
* Portuguese: versar, vessar
* Romanian: vărsa, vărsare
* Sardinian: besciare, bessai, bessare
* Sicilian: virsari
* Spanish: versar

### Participle

versō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of versus

### References

* “verso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “verso”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* verso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “verse”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛh.su]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛh.su]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.su/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛχ.su]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈvɛɻ.so/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.su/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈvɛɾ.su/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɛɾ.su/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin versus.

#### Noun

verso m (plural versos)
* verse
* verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
* (printing) verso, left-hand page

##### Related terms

* versar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

verso
* first-person singular present indicative of versar

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French verso, from Latin verso.

### Noun

verso n (uncountable)
* verso, back

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeɾso/ [ˈbeɾ.so]
* Rhymes: -eɾso
* Syllabification: ver‧so

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin versus. Compare the inherited Old Spanish viesso.

#### Adjective

verso (feminine versa, masculine plural versos, feminine plural versas)
* (mathematics) versed

##### Derived terms

* coseno verso
* seno verso

#### Noun

verso m (plural versos)
* verse, poem
* verse, line (of a poem)
* verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
* (printing) verso, left-hand page
* (military, weaponry) small culverin (kind of cannon)
* (colloquial) lie, story, porky

##### Derived terms

* verso libre
* verso suelto

##### Related terms

* versar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

verso
* first-person singular present indicative of versar

### Further reading

* “verso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10