# 雛

| 雛 | U+96DB, &#38619; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96DB |
| ← 雚 [U+96DA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 雜 → [U+96DC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

雛 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心山人土 (PUOG), four-corner 2041$_4$, composition ⿰芻隹)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1368, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
* Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
* Unihan data for U+96DB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雛 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 煼 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 謅 | *sʰroːʔ, *ʔsru, *sʰru |
| 縐 | *sʰroːs, *ʔsrus |
| 鄒 | *ʔsru |
| 騶 | *ʔsru |
| 搊 | *ʔsruʔ, *sʰru, *ʔsro |
| 皺 | *ʔsrus |
| 篘 | *sʰru |
| 㑳 | *zrus, *ʔsro, *rnuːb |
| 趍 | *sʰlo, *l'al |
| 趨 | *sʰlo |
| 芻 | *sʰro |
| 犓 | *sʰro |
| 雛 | *zro |
| 鶵 | *zro |
| 媰 | *zro |
| 齺 | *zroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chú (chu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): co$^4$ / co$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chú
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^2$
*** Yale: chú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
*** Palladius: чу (ču)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: co$^4$ / co$^1$
*** Yale: chòh / chō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tso$^4$ / tso$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: co$^4$ / co$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
*** Tâi-lô: tshi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
*** Tâi-lô: tshû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
*** Tâi-lô: sû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzrju
Rime :
| Character | 雛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 仕于切 |
| Baxter | dzrju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒio/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | co$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zro/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 雛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1609 |
| Phonetic component | 芻 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䅳 |
| Old Chinese | /*zro/ |

### Definitions

雛
* chick; fledgling
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]
    In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.
* infant; toddler
* young; small
* Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 伏龍鳳雛 / 伏龙凤雏
* 孤雛淚 / 孤雏泪
* 孤雛腐鼠 / 孤雏腐鼠
* 將雛 / 将雏
* 小雛兒 / 小雏儿 (xiǎochúr)
* 雛兒 / 雏儿
* 雛型 / 雏型 (chúxíng)
* 雛妓 / 雏妓 (chújì)
* 雛形 / 雏形 (chúxíng)
* 雛燕 / 雏燕
* 雛菊 / 雏菊 (chújú)
* 雛雞 / 雏鸡 (chújī)
* 雛鳥 / 雏鸟 (chúniǎo)
* 雛鳳 / 雏凤
* 鳳雛 / 凤雏
* 鳳雛麟子 / 凤雏麟子
* 鵷雛 / 鹓雏 (yuānchú)
* 鸞鳳雛 / 鸾凤雏
* 麟子鳳雛 / 麟子凤雏
* 龍駒鳳雛 / 龙驹凤雏

### References

* “雛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅ (ju)
* Kan-on: す (su)
* Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
* Kun: ひな (hina, 雛)、ひいな (hīna, 雛)、ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛)、ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 雛
* ひな Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/
Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひな [híꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çina̠]

#### Noun

雛(ひな) • (hina)
* a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
* short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri)
* a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below

#### Prefix

雛(ひな) • (hina-)
* diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness

##### Derived terms

* 雛遊(ひなあそ)び, 雛遊(ひなあそび) (hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
* 雛霰(ひなあられ) (hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
* 雛合(ひなあ)わせ, 雛合(ひなあわせ) (hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
* 雛市(ひないち) (hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
* 雛会(ひなえ) (Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
* 雛送(ひなおく)り, 雛送(ひなおくり) (hinaokuri): synonym for 雛流し (hinanagashi): see below
* 雛男(ひなおとこ) (hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
* 雛菓子(ひながし) (hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇 (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
* 雛形(ひながた), 雛型(ひながた) (hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子 (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
* 雛形尺(ひながたざし) (hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
* 雛蚊屋吊(ひながやつり), 雛蚊帳釣(ひながやつり) (hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
* 雛鑑定器(ひなかんていき) (hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
* 雛鑑別者(ひなかんべつしゃ) (hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
* 雛桔梗(ひなぎきょう) (hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
* 雛菊(ひなぎく) (hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
* 雛衣(ひなぎぬ) (hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
* 雛罌粟(ひなげし), 雛芥子(ひなげし) (hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
* 雛事(ひなごと) (hinagoto): synonym for 雛遊び (hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
* 雛尖(ひなさき) (hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子 (eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
* 雛桜(ひなざくら) (hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
* 雛裁(ひなだ)ち, 雛裁(ひなだち) (hinadachi): a 一つ身 (hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
* 雛壇(ひなだん), 雛段 (ひなだん, ​hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls; a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
* 雛鶴(ひなづる) (hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
* 雛鳥(ひなどり) (hinadori): Synonym of 雛 (hiyoko, “chick”) (see Etymology 3)
* 雛流(ひななが)し, 雛流(ひなながし) (hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
* 雛人形(ひなにんぎょう) (hina ningyō): a hina doll
* 雛(ひな)の臼壺(うすつぼ) (hina no usutsubo):
* 雛(ひな)の簪(かんざし) (hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
* 雛(ひな)の錫杖(しゃくじょう) (hinanoshakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
* 雛(ひな)の節句(せく) (Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri,
* 雛(ひな)の節句(せっく) (Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
* 雛(ひな)の使(つか)い (hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
* 雛保育器(ひなほいくき) (hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
* 雛祭(ひなまつ)り, 雛祭(ひなまつり) (Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
* 雛屋(ひなや) (hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
* 雛欄(ひならん) (hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia
* 初生雛(しょせいひな) (shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
* 後(のち)の雛(ひな) (Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
* 初雛(はつひな) (hatsuhina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 雛
* ひいな Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/
Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひいな [híꜜìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çiːna̠]

#### Noun

雛(ひいな) • (hīna)
* (archaic) doll

##### Usage notes

This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.

##### Derived terms

* 雛遊(ひいなあそ)び, 雛遊(ひいなあそび) (hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
* 雛合(ひいなあ)わせ, 雛合(ひいなあわせ) (hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
* 雛衣(ひいなぎぬ) (hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
* 雛草(ひいなぐさ) (hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢草 (kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
* 雛本(ひいなぼん) (hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
* 雛祭(ひいなまつ)り, 雛祭(ひいなまつり) (Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
* 雛屋(ひいなや) (hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 雛
* ひよこ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/
Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) +‎ 子 (ko, “diminutive suffix”).
Possibly related to Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk), whence modern Korean 병아리 (byeong'ari, “chick”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひよこ [hìyókó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çijo̞ko̞]

#### Noun

雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko)
* chick, young bird
* child; youngling, greenhorn

##### Derived terms

* 雛豆(ひよこまめ) (hiyoko mame): the chickpea or garbanzo bean
* 雛胚(ひよこはい) (hiyoko hai): a chick embryo

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 雛
* ひよっこ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
/hijoko/ → /hijokko/
Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひよっこ [hìyókkó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çijo̞k̚ko̞]

#### Noun

雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko)
* a chick, a young bird
* a child; a youngling, a greenhorn

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 雛
* すう Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u$^1$.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɨː]

#### Affix

雛(すう) • (sū)
* young, new, a greenhorn

##### Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* 雛妓(すうぎ) (sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉 (hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
* 雛僧(すうそう) (sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate
* 育雛(いくすう) (ikusū): raising chicks
* 臥竜鳳雛(がりょうほうすう) (garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
* 伏竜鳳雛(ふくりょうほうすう) (fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
* 鳳雛(ほうすう) (hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
* 帰趨(きすう) (kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

雛 (eum 추 (chu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

雛: Hán Nôm readings: sồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.