# 萼

| 萼 | U+843C, &#33852; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-843C |
| ← 萻 [U+843B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 落 → [U+843D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

萼 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿口口尸 (TRRS), four-corner 4420$_7$, composition ⿱艹咢)
* the stem and calyx of a flower
* a younger brother

#### Derived characters

* 𠿸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1043, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31361
* Dae Jaweon: page 1503, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3249, character 4
* Unihan data for U+843C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è (e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngok$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nga̍k
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngáuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): go̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngok$^6$
*** Yale: ngohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nga̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngag
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋak̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngáuk
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɑuʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: go̍k
*** Tâi-lô: go̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nga̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ngak
Rime :
| Character | 萼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五各切 |
| Baxter | ngak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 萼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9465 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咢 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

萼
* calyx

### Compounds

* 花萼 (huā'è)
* 華萼 / 华萼
* 萼片 (èpiàn)
* 萼花
* 離萼 / 离萼

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* calyx
* cup

#### Readings

* Go-on: がく (gaku)
* Kan-on: がく (gaku)
* Kun: うてな (utena, 萼)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 萼
* がく Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 萼 (MC ngak).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がく [gáꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) がく [gàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɡa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

萼(がく) • (gaku)
* (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals)

##### Derived terms

* 萼片(がくへん) (gakuhen, “sepal”)
* 紫(シ)萼(ガク) (shigaku)
* 宿存(しゅくそん)萼(がく) (shukuson-gaku)
* 副萼(ふくがく) (fukugaku)
* 紅萼(ベニガク) (benigaku)

##### See also

* 蔕(へた) (heta, “calyx (of a fruit)”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 萼
* うてな Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Extension of 台 (utena, “tower, stand”), to a part of a flower.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うてな [ùténá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) うてな [úꜜtènà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɯ̟te̞na̠]

#### Noun

萼(うてな) • (utena)
* (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

萼 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.