# esi-
## Estonian
### Etymology

See esi.

### Prefix

esi-
* first
* front

#### Derived terms
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *eci, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ede. Cognate with Estonian esi and Hungarian elő.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈesi-/, [ˈe̞s̠i-]

### Prefix

esi-
* pre-, fore-

#### Inflection

Declension of esi- (type 27*F/käsi)
noun case
singular
pluraladverbial form
singular
plural
nominative
esi-
–superessive
genitive
–delative
partitive
–sublative
accusative
–lative
edes
inessive
edessä
–temporal
elative
edestä
–causative
illative
eteen
esiinmultiplicative
adessive
edellä
esillädistributive
ablative
edeltä
esiltätemp. dist.
allative
edelle
esilleprolative
editse
essive
–situative
translative
–oppositive
abessive
instructive
etenkin etenkään
comitative
The cases of esi- serve in Finnish only as adverbs. The instructive singular is always used with the enclitic particle -kin or -kään. Declension scheme is the same as type 27 (käsi), except for some missing forms; and the extra instructive singular form, which is only used with clitics (etenkin and etenkään).

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “pre-, fore-”): jälki-

#### Derived terms

* esitutkinta
* edellinen
* edempi
* etevä
* edes
* etiäpäin
* esikoinen
* esine
* eteinen
* etelä
* editse
* edeltää
* edetä
* edistää
* esiintyä
* esittää

#### Related terms

* See the inflection table.

### References

* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “esi”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
* Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “esi-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* eis, ies, sei, sie

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *eci-. Cognates include Finnish esi- and Veps ezi-.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈesi-/, [ˈe̞s̠i-]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈesi-/, [ˈe̞ʒ̥i-]

### Prefix

esi-
* pre-, fore-

#### Antonyms

* jälki-

#### Derived terms
## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* First-person plural relative concord.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 relative concord.

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 adjective concord.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* First-person plural relative concord.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 relative concord.

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 adjective concord.

## Xhosa
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* First-person plural relative concord.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 relative concord.

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Prefix

esi-
* Class 7 adjective concord.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ si- (“first person plural”).

#### Prefix

ḗsi-
* First-person plural relative concord.

### Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ si- (“class 7 subject prefix”).

#### Prefix

ḗsí-
* Class 7 relative concord.

### Etymology 3

From a- (“relative”) +‎ si- (“class 7 basic noun prefix”).

#### Prefix

ḗsí-
* Class 7 adjective concord.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “esi-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “esi-”