# arrufar
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* arrufir

### Etymology

Uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ə.ruˈfa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.ruˈfaɾ]

### Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufí, past participle arrufat)
* (transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
* (pronominal) to stand on end, to bristle

#### Derived terms

* arruf
* arrufada
* arrufament
* arrufar el nas
* arrufat
* rufa

### Further reading

* “arrufar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* rufar

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aruˈfaɾ/

### Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)
* to incite; to embolden
* (pronominal) to get cocky

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* arrufado

#### Related terms

* rufo

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “arruf”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arrufar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “arrufar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arrufar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “rufián”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.ʁuˈfa(ɾ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.χuˈfa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.ʁuˈfa(ɻ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.ʁuˈfa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: ar‧ru‧far

### Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)
* (transitive, reflexive) to anger (to become or cause someone to become angry)
    Synonyms: enraivecer, irritar, zangar, enervar
    Antonym: acalmar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* arrufo