OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# garnizon
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Garnison, from French garnison, from Middle French garnison, from Old French garison, from Frankish.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡarˈɲi.zɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -izɔn
* Syllabification: gar‧ni‧zon

### Noun

garnizon m inan
* (military) garrison (post)
* (military) garrison (troops)

#### Derived terms

* garnizonowy

### Further reading

* garnizon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* garnizon in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Turkish
### Etymology

From late Ottoman Turkish غارنیزون, from French garnison.

### Noun

garnizon (definite accusative garnizonu, plural garnizonlar)
* (military) garrison

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “garnizon”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
# maturant
## English
### Etymology

From Latin maturans, present participle. See maturate.

### Noun

maturant (plural maturants)
* (medicine, obsolete) A medicine or application which promotes suppuration.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “maturant”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* Trautman

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mātūrāns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmaturant]

### Noun

maturant m anim (female equivalent maturantka)
* secondary school graduate

#### Related terms

* maturita
* maturitní
* maturovat

### Further reading

* “maturant”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “maturant”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “maturant”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## French
### Participle

maturant
* present participle of maturer

## Latin
### Verb

mātūrant
* third-person plural present active indicative of mātūrō
# salpautua
## Finnish
### Etymology

salvata +‎ -utua

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑlpɑu̯tuɑˣ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝lpɑ̝u̯ˌt̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uɑ
* Hyphenation: sal‧pau‧tua

### Verb

salpautua
* (intransitive) to become barred or blocked

#### Derived terms

* salpautuma
* salpautuminen

### Further reading

* “salpautua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# carpetway
## English
### Etymology

From carpet +‎ way.

### Noun

carpetway (plural carpetways)
* A carpeted way or route.
* (agriculture) (Can we verify this sense?) A border of greensward left round the margin of a ploughed field.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “carpetway”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# abusu
## Asturian
### Noun

abusu m (plural abusos)
* abuse

## Basque
### Etymology

From Spanish abuso (“abuse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abus̺u/ [a.β̞u.s̺u]
* Rhymes: -us̺u
* Hyphenation: a‧bu‧su

### Noun

abusu inan
* abuse

#### Derived terms

* eskubide-abusu (“abuse of law”)
* sexu-abusu (“sexual abuse”)

### Further reading

* “abusu”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “abusu”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Fala
### Alternative forms

* abushu (Lagarteiru, Mañegu)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish abuso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈbusu/
* Rhymes: -usu
* Syllabification: a‧bu‧su

### Noun

abusu m (plural abusus)
* (Valverdeñu) abuse

#### Derived terms

* abusal (“to abuse”)
* abusivu (“abusive”)

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Latin
### Noun

abūsū
* ablative singular of abūsus
# tandas
## English
### Noun

tandas
* plural of tanda

### Anagrams

* Nadsat, astand, dastan, nadsat, satDNA

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈtandas/ [ˈt̪an.das]
* Rhymes: -andas
* Syllabification: tan‧das

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦱ꧀ (tandhes, “deep down, to the bottom; strong, firm; bare ground”).

#### Adjective

tandas
* completely finished, wiped out
* definite and firm
* clear
* real

##### Derived terms

* ditandaskan
* menandaskan
* penandasan

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay تاندس (tandas, “lavatory, toilet”), from Malayalam തണ്ടാസ് (taṇṭāsŭ).

#### Noun

tandas (plural tandas-tandas)
* toilet
    Synonyms: jamban, kakus
* bathroom, lavatory
    Synonym: kamar mandi

### Further reading

* “tandas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Malayalam തണ്ടാസ് (taṇṭāsŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tandas/
* Rhymes: -andas, -das, -as

### Noun

tandas (Jawi spelling تاندس, plural tandas-tandas, informal 1st possessive tandasku, 2nd possessive tandasmu, 3rd possessive tandasnya)
* toilet, lavatory
    Synonyms: bilik air, kamar air, jamban

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: tandas (inherited)

### Further reading

* “tandas” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Spanish
### Noun

tandas
* plural of tanda
# գօտի
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* գաւտի (gawti)

### Etymology

Uncertain. The original spelling is գաւտի (gawti). Olsen derives from Iranian *gaβtia, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to hold”), connecting also with the ending of պարեգաւտ (paregawt, “coat, tunic”), but this root is not attested in Iranian. J̌ahukyan compares to Old Georgian ღუედი (ɣuedi).

### Noun

գօտի • (gōti)
* girdle, belt
    գօտի ածել, գօտի ընդ մէջ ածել ― gōti acel, gōti ənd mēǰ acel ― to gird, to tie or to draw close round the body; to be prompt
* (astrology) belt of the sky
* (geography) zone
    այրեցած գօտի ― ayrecʻac gōti ― torrid zone
    բարեխառն գօտի ― barexaṙn gōti ― temperate zone
    սառուցեալ գօտի ― saṙucʻeal gōti ― glacial zone
* (figuratively) rainbow; mountain ridge; a corridor in a palace
    գօտի լերանց ― gōti lerancʻ ― chain of mountains
    գօտի աստուածական, տէրունեան, Արամազդայ ― gōti astuacakan, tērunean, Aramazday ― rainbow

#### Usage notes

The word has five combining forms: գօտի- (gōti-), գօտե- (gōte-), գօտէ- (gōtē-), գօտեւ- (gōtew-) and գօտել- (gōtel-)

#### Derived terms

* անգօտի (angōti)
* գօտելած (gōtelac)
* գօտելարձակ (gōtelarjak)
* գօտելոյծ (gōteloyc)
* գօտեպինդ (gōtepind)
* գօտեւած (gōtewac)
* գօտեւոր (gōtewor)
* գօտեւորեմ (gōteworem)
* գօտեւորիմ (gōteworim)
* գօտէլոյծ (gōtēloyc)
* գօտէկռիւ (gōtēkṙiw)
* գօտէկռուութիւն (gōtēkṙuutʻiwn)
* գօտէմարտ (gōtēmart)
* գօտէմարտիմ (gōtēmartim)
* գօտէմարտութիւն (gōtēmartutʻiwn)
* գօտէպինդ (gōtēpind)
* գօտէպնդիմ (gōtēpndim)
* գօտիածու (gōtiacu)
* ընդգօտեմ (əndgōtem)
* համագօտի (hamagōti)
* համագօտութիւն (hamagōtutʻiwn)
* միագօտեալ (miagōteal)
* միագօտի (miagōti)
* շրջագօտիմ (šrǰagōtim)
* ոսկեգօտի (oskegōti)
* պարագօտիմ (paragōtim)
* քաջագօտի (kʻaǰagōti)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: գոտի (goti)

### References

* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 874
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017 July 26) “Armenian Textile Terminology”, in Gaspa, Salvatore, Michel, Cécile, Nosch, Marie-Louise, editors, Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD‎, Lincoln, Nebraska: Zea Books, →DOI, →ISBN, page 196
* ↑ Джаукян, Г. Б. (1967) Взаимоотношение индоевропейских, хурритско-урартских и кавказских языков [The interrelationship of Indo-European, Hurro-Urartian and Caucasian languages] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 97, 188

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “գօտի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գօտի”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գօտի”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# Rumney
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Romney.

### Proper noun

Rumney
* A suburban area and community in eastern Cardiff, Wales (OS grid ref ST2179).
* A town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States.
* A surname.

### References

* ↑ Community map (Cardiff)
# rhosyn y paith
## Welsh
### Etymology

Calque of English prairie rose.

### Noun

rhosyn y paith m (plural rhosynnau'r paith)
* prairie rose (Rosa setigera)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2003) Planhigion Blodeuol, Conwydd a Rhedyn [Flowering Plants, Conifers and Ferns] (Cyfres Enwau Creaduriaid a Planhigion; 2)‎ (in Welsh), Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, →ISBN, page 32‎
# उत्था
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From उद्- (ud-) + स्था (sthā).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ut.tʰɑː/, [ut̚.tʰɑː]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈut̪.t̪ʰɑː/, [ˈut̪̚.t̪ʰɑː]

### Root

उत्था • (utthā)
* to stand up

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* उत्ति॑ष्ठति (úttiṣṭhati, Present)
* उत्तिष्ठते (uttiṣṭhate, Present)
* उत्थास्यति (utthāsyati, Future)
* उतस्थात् (utasthāt, Aorist)
* उत्तस्थौ (uttasthau, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* उत्थीयते (utthīyate, Passive)
* उत्था॑पयति (útthāpayati, Causative)
* उत्तिष्ठासति (uttiṣṭhāsati, Desiderative)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* उत्थित (utthita, Past Participle)
* उत्थातुम् (utthātum, Infinitive)
* उत्थाय (utthāya, Gerund)
* उत्थातव्य (utthātavya, Gerundive)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* उ॒त्थान॑ (utthā́na)

### References

* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “उत्था”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 179.
# radially
## English
### Etymology

From radial +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

radially (comparative more radially, superlative most radially)
* In a radial manner, outward from a center.
** 1965, Nova Hedwigia, volumes 15-16, page 326:Thallus about 1 cm. in diameter, light gray irregular areoles 0:30,4 mm. in diameter on a black hypothallus, giving a deciussate appearance, marginal areoles slightly radially elongate and very narrowly black margined but not clearly effigurate;
# get turned around
## English
### Verb

get turned around (third-person singular simple present gets turned around, present participle getting turned around, simple past got turned around, past participle (UK) got turned around or (US) gotten turned around)
* To become lost; to lose one's way.
** 2015 September 15, Victoria Blisse, Good Manors‎, Lincoln, England: Totally Entwined Group, →ISBN, page 197:I didn’t do well in cities and remembered why as I crawled up roads at snail’s pace and got turned around by one-way streets.
# castañéu
## Asturian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kastaˈɲeu̯/ [kas̪.t̪aˈɲøu̯]
* Rhymes: -eu̯
* Syllabification: cas‧ta‧ñéu

### Noun

castañéu m (plural castañeos)
* chestnut grove

#### Derived terms

* dar voces en castañéu
# Matéu
## Asturian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈteu̯/ [maˈt̪øu̯]
* Rhymes: -eu̯
* Syllabification: Ma‧téu

### Proper noun

Matéu m
* (biblical) Matthew
* a male given name
# Uviéu
## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* Uvieo (Central Asturias)
* Uviedo (archaic)

### Etymology

Originally known as Ovetao, or Ovetum (in Latinized form). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uˈbjeu̯/ [uˈβ̞jøu̯]
* Rhymes: -eu̯
* Syllabification: U‧viéu

### Proper noun

Uviéu m
* Oviedo (a capital city of Asturias, in northwestern Spain)
** 1600s?, Benito de la Uxa, Píramo y Tisbe‎:Que valen bien los güevos en Uviedo.That the eggs cost a lot in Oviedo
** 1789, Xosefa Xovellanos, Proclamación de Carlos IV n'Uviedo‎:Non quixe tornar a Uviedo ,I did not want to return to Oviedo

#### Derived terms

* uvieín
# untrusser
## English
### Etymology

From untruss +‎ -er.

### Noun

untrusser (plural untrussers)
* (obsolete) Someone who untrussed persons for the purpose of flogging them; a public whipper.
** 1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):the untrussers or whippers of the age

### References

* “untrusser”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# kamat
## Central Cagayan Agta
### Noun

kamat
* (anatomy) hand

## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

kamat
* (anatomy) hand; arm

## Finnish
### Noun

kamat
* nominative plural of kama

### Anagrams

* matka

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kamata, from Ancient Greek κάματος (kámatos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɒmɒt]
* Hyphenation: ka‧mat
* Rhymes: -ɒt

### Noun

kamat (plural kamatok)
* interest (the price of credit)

#### Derived terms

* kamatos
* kamatostul
* kamatozik
* kamatú
* alapkamat
* büntetőkamat
* kamatláb
* kamatmentes
* kamattörlesztés
* kamatos kamat
* késedelmi kamat

### References

* ↑ kamat in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* kamat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Yogad
### Noun

kamát
* (anatomy) hand
# stillare
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin stīllāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stilˈla.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: stil‧là‧re

### Verb

stillàre (first-person singular present stìllo, first-person singular past historic stillài, past participle stillàto, auxiliary (transitive, also intransitive meaning "to try") avére or (intransitive meaning "to drip, to fall in drops") èssere)
* (literary, transitive) to extract (to withdraw by a process)
    Synonym: estrarre
* (transitive) to drip (to let fall in drops)
    Synonyms: (uncommon) gocciare, gocciolare
* (intransitive) to drip (to fall in drops) [auxiliary essere]
    Synonyms: (uncommon) gocciare, gocciolare
* (intransitive, uncommon) to make an effort, to try [with di (+ infinitive) ‘to’] [auxiliary avere]
    Synonym: sforzarsi
* (transitive, rare) to invent, to contrive (an idea, method, etc.)
* (Tuscan, card games, transitive) to slowly reveal (cards)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Transitive, also intransitive meaning "to try". $^2$Intransitive meaning "to drip, to fall in drops".

#### Derived terms

* stillamento

#### Related terms

* stilla
* stillante
* stillato

### Further reading

* stillare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* Rastelli, ralliste, stellari, stillerà

## Latin
### Verb

stīllāre
* inflection of stīllō:
** present active infinitive
** second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative
# Fil-
## English
### Prefix

Fil-
* Filipino.

#### Derived terms

* Fil-Am
* Fil-Chi

### Anagrams

* LIF, lif
# dicséret
## Hungarian
### Etymology

dicsér +‎ -et (noun-forming suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdit͡ʃeːrɛt]
* Hyphenation: di‧csé‧ret
* Rhymes: -ɛt

### Noun

dicséret (plural dicséretek)
* praise, compliment, commendation

#### Derived terms

* dicséretes
(Compound words):
* öndicséret
* dicséretben részesül
* dicséretére legyen mondva
* dicséretére válik
* dicséretre méltó

### Further reading

* dicséret in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* dicséret in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# ondato
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin undātus, perfect passive participle of undō (“to rise in waves”), derived from unda (“wave”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /onˈda.to/
* Rhymes: -ato
* Hyphenation: on‧dà‧to

### Participle

ondato (feminine ondata, masculine plural ondati, feminine plural ondate)
* past participle of ondare

### Adjective

ondato (feminine ondata, masculine plural ondati, feminine plural ondate)
* (rare) wavy
    Synonym: ondulato

#### Related terms

* onda
* ondante
* ondare
* ondata
* ondeggiare
* ondisonante
* ondisono
* ondivago

### Further reading

* ondato in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* Donato, a tondo, adonto, adontò, donato, dotano
# протягати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From про- (pro-) +‎ тяга́ти (tjaháty). Compare Polish przeciągać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɔtʲɐˈɦate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

протяга́ти • (protjaháty) impf (perfective протягти́ or протягну́ти)
* to stretch, to extend (to lengthen by pulling)
* to extend, to hold out, to reach out, to stretch out (:hand, something held)
* to pull through
    протяга́ти ни́тку крізь ву́шко го́лкиprotjaháty nýtku krizʹ vúško hólkyto pull a thread through the eye of a needle
* to drag, to drag along
* (colloquial) to drag out, to draw out, to prolong, to protract (:duration, moment, etc.)
* to prolong, to sustain (:musical note)
* to drawl (:speech, words)

#### Synonyms

* протя́гувати impf (protjáhuvaty)

#### Derived terms

* протяга́ння n (protjahánnja)
* протяга́тися impf (protjahátysja)

#### Related terms

* про́тяг m (prótjah)
* про́тягом (prótjahom)

### Verb

протяга́ти • (protjaháty) pf
* (transitive) to drag for some time

#### Derived terms

* протяга́тися pf (protjahátysja)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1977), “протягати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (Природа – Ряхтливий), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 328
* “протягати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “протягати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “протягати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “протягати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “протягати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# Schlangenhalsvogel
## German
### Etymology

From Schlange +‎ -n- +‎ Hals +‎ Vogel.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Schlangenhalsvogel m (strong, genitive Schlangenhalsvogels, plural Schlangenhalsvögel)
* darter (waterbird of the family Anhingidae)

#### Derived terms

* Afrikanischer Schlangenhalsvogel
* Amerikanischer Schlangenhalsvogel
* Australischer Schlangenhalsvogel
* Orient-Schlangenhalsvogel
# lunchtime
## English
### Alternative forms

* lunch-time, lunch time

### Etymology

From lunch +‎ time.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlʌnt͡ʃtaɪm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

lunchtime (countable and uncountable, plural lunchtimes)
* The time or hour at or around which lunch is normally eaten.
* A break in work or school to eat lunch.
    It's almost lunchtime, so I think I'll finish up later this afternoon.

#### Derived terms

* gone by lunchtime
* legend in one's own lunchtime
* lunchtime abortion
# tropel
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tropel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old French tropel (“group”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɾɔˈpɛl]

### Noun

tropel m (plural tropeis)
* swarm
    Synonym: fato
* troop

#### Derived terms

* en tropel

#### Related terms

* atropelar
* tropa
* troupelear

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tropel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tropel”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tropel”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tropel”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tropel”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Old French
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *troppellus, diminutive from Medieval Latin troppus.

### Noun

tropel oblique singular, m (oblique plural tropeaus or tropeax or tropiaus or tropiax or tropels, nominative singular tropeaus or tropeax or tropiaus or tropiax or tropels, nominative plural tropel)
* group

#### Descendants

* Middle French: troupel, troupeau
** French: troupeau
* Picard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)
* Walloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)
* → Middle English: tropel
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel
** Galician: tropel

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Spanish tropel.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾoˈpɛw/ [tɾoˈpɛʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾuˈpɛl/ [tɾuˈpɛɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾuˈpɛl/ [tɾuˈpɛɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tɾuˈpɛ.li/

### Noun

tropel m (plural tropéis)
* swarm (a mass of people or animals in turmoil)
    Synonym: turba

#### Derived terms

* atropelar

## Spanish
### Etymology

From tropa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾoˈpel/ [t̪ɾoˈpel]
* Rhymes: -el
* Syllabification: tro‧pel

### Noun

tropel m (plural tropeles)
* mob, crowd, swarm
    Synonym: muchedumbre
* squad, troop

#### Derived terms

* atropellar
* en tropel

#### Related terms

* tropa

#### Descendants

* → Portuguese: tropel

### Further reading

* “tropel”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10