# 武德
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǔdé
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^5$ dak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bú-tek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔdé
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔdé
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: wǔ-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuuder
*** Palladius: удэ (udɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$五德 武德 舞德
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^5$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: móuh dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^5$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^5$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bú-tek
*** Tâi-lô: bú-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bw'deg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: mjuX tok
Rime :
| Character | 武 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 文甫切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | mjuX | tok |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mio$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯u$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǔ | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^5$ | dak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aʔ tˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maʔ tɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 武 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǔ | dé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju$^X$ › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese | /*m(r)aʔ/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | military | virtue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 武 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13184 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component | 武 | 直 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 武 | 德 |
| Old Chinese | /*maʔ/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |

### Noun

武德
* ethics of martial arts
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Dēng Zhīfú, kèshí. Qí cí yuē: “[…] huángdì āi zhòng, suì fā tǎo shī, fènyáng wǔdé. […]” [Pinyin]
    The emperor ascended Mt Zhifu and had the following insctiption carved on stone: ...Till, pitying the people, the Emperor sent troops to punish the wicked and to display his might.
    From: 2020 November 29, 《“闪电五连鞭”“不讲武德”“耗子尾汁”爆红网络 马保国出圈一场扭曲的网络狂欢》, in 《南国都市报》, page 15
    Zhè shǎndiàn wǔliánbiān, bù jiǎng wǔdé a! Wǒ quàn nǐ hàoziwěizhī! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 閃靈《暮沉武德殿》
    sò͘ pah nî, chiàn bē soah, ngó͘-pòe bú-tek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    For hundreds of years, war rages on; we are Bu-tik

#### Derived terms

* 武德殿

### Proper noun

武德
* era name of Emperor Gaozu of Tang (618—626)
    From: 1907, 王國維 (Wang Guowei),《〈人間詞乙稿〉序》, translated by Adele Austin Rickett
    Gāo dǎo hū bāhuāng zhī biǎo, ér kàng xīn hū qiānqiū zhī jiān. Qīnqīn hū liǎng Hàn zhī jiāngyù, guǎng yú sāndài; Zhēnguàn zhī zhèngzhì, lóng yú Wǔdé yǐ. [Pinyin]
    They stride high over all directions of the world, elevate the mind over the span of a thousand autumns, gallop swiftly beyond the borders of the Earlier and Later Han, are more encompassing than the government of the Hsia, Shang, and Chou or that of T’ang T’ai-tsung, and are more magnificent than the first emperor of the T’ang, Kao-tsu.

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)徳(とく) (butoku)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 武 | 德 |
| ぶ Grade: 5 | とく Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 武德 – see the following entry. :
| 【武徳ぶとく】 | [noun] ethics of martial arts |
(This term, 武德, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :