# 潰

| 潰 | U+6F70, &#28528; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F70 |
| ← 潯 [U+6F6F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 潱 → [U+6F71] |

## Translingual
### Han character

潰 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水中一金 (ELMC), four-corner 3518$_6$, composition ⿰氵貴)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 650, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18281
* Dae Jaweon: page 1061, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1741, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6F70

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 藬 | *l'uːl |
| 僓 | *l̥ʰuːlʔ, *ɡluːds |
| 頹 | *l'uːl |
| 穨 | *l'uːl |
| 蘈 | *l'uːl |
| 隤 | *l'uːl |
| 墤 | *l'uːl, *kʰruːds |
| 尵 | *l'uːl, *r'uːl |
| 蹪 | *l'uːl |
| 瀢 | *l'uːlʔ, *lulʔ |
| 鞼 | *kluːl, *ɡruls |
| 膭 | *kluːl, *ɡluːls |
| 憒 | *kluːds |
| 靧 | *ɡluːds |
| 潰 | *ɡluːls |
| 繢 | *ɡluːds |
| 嬇 | *ɡluːds, *kʰruːds |
| 殨 | *ɡluːds |
| 闠 | *ɡluːds |
| 簣 | *kʰruːds, *ɡruds |
| 嘳 | *kʰruːds, *kʰruds |
| 蕢 | *kʰruːds, *ɡruds |
| 聵 | *ŋɡruːds |
| 樻 | *kʰruds, *ɡruds |
| 䙡 | *kʰruds, *kʰluds |
| 匱 | *ɡruds |
| 臾 | *ɡruds, *lo |
| 饋 | *ɡruls |
| 櫃 | *ɡruds |
| 遺 | *lul, *luls |
| 壝 | *lul, *lulʔ |
| 瞶 | *luls, *kluls |
| 貴 | *kluds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuì, huì (kui$^4$, hui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ, ㄏㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kui$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùi / hōe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuei$^4$
*** Yale: kwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
*** Palladius: куй (kuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
*** Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kui$^2$
*** Yale: kúi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kui$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
*** Tâi-lô: khuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōe
*** Tâi-lô: huē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoe
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hue²²/
* khùi - vernacular (俗);
* hōe - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hwojH
Rime :
| Character | 潰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡對切 |
| Baxter | hwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wui$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡʷ]ˤ[ə]j-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡluːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 潰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡʷ]ˁ[ə]j-s/ |
| English | break through an embankment (of water) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 潰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4716 |
| Phonetic component | 貴 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 潰 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡluːls/ |

### Definitions

潰
* (of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow
* to break through an encirclement
* to be utterly defeated; to be routed
* to decompose; to be destroyed
* to fester; to ulcerate

### Compounds

* 一觸即潰 / 一触即溃 (yīchùjíkuì)
* 不戰而潰 / 不战而溃
* 奔潰 / 奔溃 (bēnkuì)
* 崩潰 / 崩溃 (bēngkuì)
* 擊潰 / 击溃 (jīkuì)
* 望風而潰 / 望风而溃
* 決癰潰疽 / 决痈溃疽
* 潰不成軍 / 溃不成军 (kuìbùchéngjūn)
* 潰亂 / 溃乱 (kuìluàn)
* 潰圍 / 溃围
* 潰敗 / 溃败 (kuìbài)
* 潰散 / 溃散 (kuìsàn)
* 潰決 / 溃决 (kuìjué)
* 潰滅 / 溃灭 (kuìmiè)
* 潰潰 / 溃溃
* 潰爛 / 溃烂 (kuìlàn)
* 潰瘍 / 溃疡 (kuìyáng)
* 潰癰 / 溃痈 (kuìyōng)
* 潰盟 / 溃盟
* 潰逃 / 溃逃 (kuìtáo)
* 群蟻潰堤 / 群蚁溃堤
* 胃潰瘍 / 胃溃疡 (wèikuìyáng)
* 蟻潰 / 蚁溃
* 隄潰蟻孔 / 隄溃蚁孔
* 魚潰鳥散 / 鱼溃鸟散
* 鳥散魚潰 / 鸟散鱼溃
* 鳥驚魚潰 / 鸟惊鱼溃

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* burst
* break
* break down

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: つぶす (tsubusu, 潰す, Jōyō)、つぶれる (tsubureru, 潰れる, Jōyō)、ついえる (tsuieru, 潰える)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 潰
* かい Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 潰 (MC hwojH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Affix

潰(かい) • (kai)
* to crush; to smash

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 潰 is mostly replaced by 壊, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Derived terms

* 潰(かい)瘍(よう) (kaiyō, “ulcer”)
* 潰(かい)走(そう) (kaisō)
* 潰(かい)崩(ほう) (kaihō)
* 潰(かい)滅(めつ) (kaimetsu)
* 潰(かい)乱(らん) (kairan)
* 圧(あっ)潰(かい) (akkai)
* 決(けっ)潰(かい) (kekkai)
* 全(ぜん)潰(かい) (zenkai)
* 倒(とう)潰(かい) (tōkai)
* 崩(ほう)潰(かい) (hōkai)

## Korean
### Hanja

潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

潰: Hán Nôm readings: hói, hòi, hội, khùy/khuỳ, khụy/khuỵ, khủy/khuỷ, khũy/khuỹ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.