# 封印
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēngyìn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fung$^1$ jan$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-yin
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-ìn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngyìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fongyìn
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-yin$^4$
*** Yale: fēng-yìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengyinn
*** Palladius: фэнъинь (fɛnʺinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ in⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^1$ jan$^3$
*** Yale: fūng yan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^1$ jan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^1$ yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐn³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-yin
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ in
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-yin
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ (r)in
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)in⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-ìn
*** Tâi-lô: hong-ìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hong'ixn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² in²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ in⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² in²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ in¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ in²¹/

### Noun

封印
* seal (stamp)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 封 | 印 |
| ふう Grade: S | いん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 封印 (MC pjowngH 'jinH, literally “to enclose, to seal + stamp, seal”). Compare Mandarin 封印 (fēngyìn).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふういん [fùúíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟ːĩɴ]

### Noun

封(ふう)印(いん) • (fūin)
* a seal, such as a wax impression or stamped pattern, made across the closure of an envelope or on a document for purposes of authentication
** 2000 August 10, “封(ふう)印(いん)されし者(もの)の左(ひだり)腕(うで) [Left Arm of the Sealed One]”, in 幻の召喚神　ＰＨＡＮＴＯＭ ＧＯＤ [Phantom Summoning God: PHANTOM GOD], Konami:
    封(ふう)印(いん)された左(ひだり)腕(うで)。封(ふう)印(いん)を解(と)くと、無(む)限(げん)の力(ちから)を得(え)られる。
       Fūin sareta hidariude. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
       A sealed left arm. Whosoever breaks the seal will earn infinite power.

#### Synonyms

* 印(いん)影(えい) (in'ei)
* 印(いん)鑑(かん) (inkan)
* 印(いん)章(しょう) (inshō)

#### Derived terms

* 封(ふう)印(いん)切(きり) (Fūinkiri): common name of the middle volume of the 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “narration for traditional Japanese puppet theater”) play, 冥途の飛脚 (Meido no Hikyaku, “The Courier of Hell”): see Wikipedia:The Courier for Hell
* 封(ふう)印(いん)付(つ)き (fūin tsuki): something with a seal affixed; something with a metaphorical seal of approval
* 封(ふう)印(いん)破(は)棄(き)罪(ざい) (fūin hakizai): the crime of breaking or otherwise invalidating an official seal
* 封(ふう)印(いん)木(ぼく) (fūin boku): Sigillaria, an extinct genus of tree-like plant: see Wikipedia:Sigillaria

### Verb

封(ふう)印(いん)する • (fūin suru) suru (stem 封(ふう)印(いん)し (fūin shi), past 封(ふう)印(いん)した (fūin shita))
* to apply a seal of wax or ink to something
* to seal something shut

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 封印し | ふういんし | fūin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 封印し | ふういんし | fūin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 封印する | ふういんする | fūin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 封印する | ふういんする | fūin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 封印すれ | ふういんすれ | fūin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 封印せよ¹ 封印しろ² | ふういんせよ¹ ふういんしろ² | fūin seyo¹ fūin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 封印される | ふういんされる | fūin sareru |
| Causative | 封印させる 封印さす | ふういんさせる ふういんさす | fūin saseru fūin sasu |
| Potential | 封印できる | ふういんできる | fūin dekiru |
| Volitional | 封印しよう | ふういんしよう | fūin shiyō |
| Negative | 封印しない | ふういんしない | fūin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 封印せず | ふういんせず | fūin sezu |
| Formal | 封印します | ふういんします | fūin shimasu |
| Perfective | 封印した | ふういんした | fūin shita |
| Conjunctive | 封印して | ふういんして | fūin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 封印すれば | ふういんすれば | fūin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN