# 요

| 요 | U+C694, &#50836; HANGUL SYLLABLE YO |
| Composition: | ㅇ + ㅛ |
| ← 욓 [U+C693] | Hangul Syllables | 욕 → [U+C695] |
요욕욖욗욘욙욚 욛욜욝욞욟욠욡 욢욣욤욥욦욧욨 용욪욫욬욭욮욯 :
| 외 ← | → 우 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Particle

요 • (yo)
* For the verb-final particle, see the entry at 요 (-yo).

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 요 (Yale: yo), derived from 이 (i, “this”) with a yang vowel introduced for sound-symbolic diminutiveness.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Determiner

요 • (yo)
* (diminutive) this (little)
    Synonym: 이 (i, “this”, non-diminutive)
    Coordinate terms: 고 (go, “that”, mesial diminutive), 조 (jo, “that”, distal diminutive)
    요 애기 너무 귀엽다!yo aegi neomu gwiyeopda!This baby is so cute!
    요 새끼가 뭐라고?yo saekki-ga mworago?What did this little bastard say?

### Etymology 3

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean ᅀᅭᇂ (Yale: zywòh), from Late Middle Chinese 褥 (MC nyowk). Whether Korean lenited the final -k̚ to -h as part of its general leniting process, or whether the Middle Chinese source was a late variety that had already lenited the plosive codas to -ɣ or -ʔ which was then borrowed as -h, is disputed.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Noun

요 • (yo)
* a blanket on which one sleeps, often used in Korea in lieu of beds

##### Derived terms

* 담요 (damyo, “blanket (in general)”)

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 要 (“necessary”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Noun

요 • (yo) (hanja 要)
* Synonym of 요지(要旨) (“main idea”)

#### Prefix

요— • (yo-) (hanja 要)
* (formal) required, necessary
    요보호아동yobohoadongat-risk children(literally, “children in need of protection”)

#### Suffix

—요 • (-yo) (hanja 要)
* (formal, written) required, necessary
    신분증 지참 요sinbunjeung jicham yorequired to bring proof of identity

#### Usage notes

The prefix is not spaced, but the suffix often is.

#### Derived terms

* 요(要)하다 (yohada, “to require (formal)”)
* See the hanja entry at 要 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요 (要, yo).

### Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 尿 (“urine”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 요(尿) (yo) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 뇨(尿) (nyo) |
요 • (yo) (hanja 尿)
* (formal, academic) urine
    Synonym: 오줌 (ojum, usual non-academic term)
    요에 당이 과다하게 나타나고 있습니다.Yo-e dang-i gwadahage natanago itseumnida.An excessive quantity of sugar is appearing in the urine.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 尿 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요 (尿, yo).

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 遼 (“the Liao”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Proper noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 요(遼) (Yo) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 료(遼) (Ryo) |
요 • (Yo) (hanja 遼)
* (formal) the Liao, a medieval Khitan empire
    Synonym: 요나라 (Yonara, “the Liao”, usual non-academic term)

##### Usage notes

* As with all historical Chinese polities with a single-character name, the Liao are usually referred to with the suffix 나라 (nara, “nation, country”) as 요나라 (Yo-nara, “the Liao country”) outside of formal contexts.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 遼 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요 (遼, yo).

### Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 堯 (“Emperor Yao”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jo]
* Phonetic hangul: [요]

#### Proper noun

요 • (Yo) (hanja 堯)
* Synonym of 요임금 (Yo-imgeum, “Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 堯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요 (堯, yo).

### Etymology 8

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 요 (Yale: yò), 요〯 (Yale: yǒ), ᅀᅭ (Yale: zyò), or ᅀᅭ〯 (Yale: zyǒ).

#### Syllable

요 • (yo)
* 要: important
    (eumhun reading: 요긴할 요 (yoginhal yo)) (MC reading: 要 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH))
* 謠: song
    (eumhun reading: 노래 요 (norae yo)) (MC reading: 謠 (MC yew))
* 曜: shine, radiant
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo)) (MC reading: 曜 (MC yewH))
* 搖: shake
    (eumhun reading: 흔들 요 (heundeul yo)) (MC reading: 搖 (MC yew))
* 堯: Emperor Yao
    (eumhun reading: 요임금 요 (yoimgeum yo)) (MC reading: 堯 (MC ngew))
* 窯: kiln for roof tiles
    (eumhun reading: 기와 굽는 가마 요 (giwa gumneun gama yo)) (MC reading: 窯 (MC yew))
* 蟯: pinworm
    (eumhun reading: 요충 요 (yochung yo)) (MC reading: 蟯 (MC nyew|'jiew))
* 嶢: high, towering
    (eumhun reading: 높을 요 (nopeul yo)) (MC reading: 嶢 (MC ngew))
* 妖: cunning
    (eumhun reading: 요사할 요 (yosahal yo)) (MC reading: 妖 (MC 'jew))
* 腰: waist
    (eumhun reading: 허리 요 (heori yo)) (MC reading: 腰 (MC 'jiew))
* 耀: shine, radiant
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo)) (MC reading: 耀 (MC yewH))
* 擾: disturbance, commotion
    (eumhun reading: 시끄러울 요 (sikkeureoul yo)) (MC reading: 擾 (MC nyewX))
* 凹: concave
    (eumhun reading: 오목할 요 (omokhal yo)) (MC reading: 凹 (MC 'eap))
* 姚: pretty
    (eumhun reading: 예쁠 요 (yeppeul yo)) (MC reading: 姚 (MC yew))
* 遙: distant
    (eumhun reading: 멀 요 (meol yo)) (MC reading: 遙 (MC yew))
* 橈: bent, curved
    (eumhun reading: 굽을 요 (gubeul yo)) (MC reading: 橈 (MC nyew|nraewH))
* 繞: surround
    (eumhun reading: 두를 요 (dureul yo)) (MC reading: 繞 (MC nyewX|nyewH))
* 僥: by luck
    (eumhun reading: 요할 요 (yohal yo)) (MC reading: 僥 (MC ngew))
* 拗: stubborn
    (eumhun reading: 우길 요 (ugil yo)) (MC reading: 拗 (MC 'aewX))
* 夭: die young
    (eumhun reading: 일찍 죽을 요 (iljjik jugeul yo)) (MC reading: 夭 (MC 'jew|'jewX|'awX))
* 瑤: precious stone
    (eumhun reading: 아름다운 옥 요 (areumdaun ok yo)) (MC reading: 瑤 (MC yew))
* 饒: sufficient
    (eumhun reading: 넉넉할 요 (neongneokhal yo)) (MC reading: 饒 (MC nyew|nyewH))
* 邀: greet, encounter
    (eumhun reading: 맞을 요 (majeul yo)) (MC reading: 邀 (MC kew|'jiew))
* 窈: calm, tranquil
    (eumhun reading: 그윽할 요 (geueukhal yo)) (MC reading: 窈 (MC 'ewX))
* 樂: enjoy
    (eumhun reading: 즐거울 요 (jeulgeoul yo)) (MC reading: 樂 (MC ngaewH|ngaewk|lak))
* 燿: Alternative form of 耀
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo)) (MC reading: 燿 (MC yewH))
* 撓: confused
    (eumhun reading: 어지러울 요 (eojireoul yo)) (MC reading: 撓 (MC xaw|nraewX))
* 偠: slender
    (eumhun reading: 날씬할 요 (nalssinhal yo)) (MC reading: 偠 (MC 'ewX))
* 喓: onomatopoeia of insect sounds
    (eumhun reading: 벌레 소리 요 (beolle sori yo)) (MC reading: 喓 (MC 'jiew))
* 坳: hollow, cavity
    (eumhun reading: 우묵할 요 (umukhal yo)) (MC reading: 坳 (MC 'aew))
* 墝: arid land
    (eumhun reading: 메마른 땅 요 (memareun ttang yo)) (MC reading: 墝 (MC khaew))
* 幺: small
    (eumhun reading: 작을 요 (jageul yo)) (MC reading: 幺 (MC 'ew))
* 徭: corvee
    (eumhun reading: 역사 요 (yeoksa yo)) (MC reading: 徭)
* 繇: Alternative form of 徭
    (eumhun reading: 역사 요 (yeoksa yo)) (MC reading: 繇 (MC yew|yuw|drjuwH))
* 徼: survey
    (eumhun reading: 돌 요 (dol yo)) (MC reading: 徼 (MC kew|kewH))
* 殀: Alternative form of 夭
    (MC reading: 殀 (MC 'jewX))
* 澆: irrigate
    (eumhun reading: 물 달 요 (mul dal yo)) (MC reading: 澆 (MC kew|ngewH))
* 祅: catastrophe
    (eumhun reading: 재앙 요 (jaeang yo)) (MC reading: 祅 (MC 'jew))
* 穾: deep, profound
    (eumhun reading: 깊을 요 (gipeul yo)) (MC reading: 穾)
* 窅: sunken eyes
    (eumhun reading: 움펑눈 요 (umpeongnun yo)) (MC reading: 窅 (MC 'aew|'ewX))
* 蕘: firewood
    (eumhun reading: 땔나무 요 (ttaellamu yo)) (MC reading: 蕘 (MC nyew))
* 遶: Alternative form of 繞
    (eumhun reading: 두를 요 (dureul yo)) (MC reading: 遶 (MC nyewX))
* 鷂: sparrowhawk
    (eumhun reading: 새매 요 (saemae yo)) (MC reading: 鷂 (MC yew|yewH))

### Etymology 9

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin. From Middle Korean 료 (Yale: lyò) or 료〯 (Yale: lyǒ). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 료 (ryo) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 료 (ryo).

#### Syllable

요 • (yo)
* 料: count, measure
    (eumhun reading: 헤아릴 요 (hearil yo)) (MC reading: 料 (MC lew|lewH))
* 療: cure illness
    (eumhun reading: 병 고칠 요 (byeong gochil yo)) (MC reading: 療 (MC ljewH))
* 僚: companion, coworker
    (eumhun reading: 동료 요 (dongnyo yo)) (MC reading: 僚 (MC lew|ljewX))
* 遼: distant
    (eumhun reading: 멀 요 (meol yo)) (MC reading: 遼 (MC lew))
* 了: finish
    (eumhun reading: 마칠 요 (machil yo)) (MC reading: 了 (MC lewX))
* 寥: quiet, lonely
    (eumhun reading: 쓸쓸할 요 (sseulsseulhal yo)) (MC reading: 寥 (MC lew|lek))
* 寮: government official
    (eumhun reading: 벼슬아치 요 (byeoseurachi yo)) (MC reading: 寮 (MC lew))
* 燎: torchfire
    (eumhun reading: 횃불 요 (hwaetbul yo)) (MC reading: 燎 (MC ljew|ljewX|ljewH))
* 蓼: knotweed
    (eumhun reading: 여뀌 요 (yeokkwi yo)) (MC reading: 蓼 (MC lewX|ljuwk))
* 瞭: bright (of the eyes)
    (eumhun reading: 밝을 요 (balgeul yo)) (MC reading: 瞭 (MC lew|lewX))
* 聊: at least
    (eumhun reading: 애오라지 요 (ae'oraji yo)) (MC reading: 聊 (MC lew))
* 鬧: loud, chatteringly
    (eumhun reading: 시끄러울 요 (sikkeureoul yo)) (MC reading: 鬧 (MC nraewH))
* 嘹: resonant
    (eumhun reading: 울 요 (ul yo)) (MC reading: 嘹 (MC lew|lewH))
* 嫽: play
    (eumhun reading: 장난칠 요 (jangnanchil yo)) (MC reading: 嫽 (MC lew|ljewX|lewH))
* 撩: govern, arrange
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 요 (daseuril yo)) (MC reading: 撩 (MC lew|lewX))
* 暸: bright
    (eumhun reading: 밝을 요 (balgeul yo)) (MC reading: 暸)
* 潦: flood
    (eumhun reading: 큰비 요 (keunbi yo)) (MC reading: 潦 (MC lawX|lawH))
* 繚: wind around
    (eumhun reading: 감길 요 (gamgil yo)) (MC reading: 繚 (MC lew|lewX|ljewX))
* 醪: rice wine
    (eumhun reading: 막걸리 요 (makgeolli yo)) (MC reading: 醪 (MC law))
* 鐐: silver
    (eumhun reading: 은 요 (eun yo)) (MC reading: 鐐 (MC lew|lewH))
* 飂: onomatopoeia for wind
    (eumhun reading: 바람 소리 요 (baram sori yo)) (MC reading: 飂 (MC ljuw|ljuwH))

### Etymology 10

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin. From Middle Korean 뇨 (Yale: nyò) or 뇨〯 (Yale: nyǒ). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 뇨 (nyo) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 뇨 (nyo).

#### Syllable

요 • (yo)
* 尿: urine
    (eumhun reading: 오줌 요 (ojum yo)) (MC reading: 尿 (MC newH))
* 嬈: pretty
    (eumhun reading: 아리따울 요 (arittaul yo)) (MC reading: 嬈 (MC newX|nyewX|xewH))
* 嬲: mock
    (eumhun reading: 희롱할 요 (huironghal yo)) (MC reading: 嬲 (MC newX))
* 淖: mud
    (eumhun reading: 진흙 요 (jinheuk yo)) (MC reading: 淖 (MC nraewH))
* 裊: curling upwards
    (eumhun reading: 간드러질 요 (gandeureojil yo)) (MC reading: 裊 (MC newX))
* 鐃: big cymbal
    (eumhun reading: 징 요 (jing yo)) (MC reading: 鐃 (MC nraew))
* 嫋: Alternative form of 裊
    (eumhun reading: 예쁠 요 (yeppeul yo)) (MC reading: 嫋 (MC newX))

### References

* ↑ 신승용 (Shin Seung-yong) (2003) “/k/ > /h/ 變(변)化(화)에 對(대)한 考(고)察(찰) [Study on the /k/ > /h/ shift]”, in Gugeohak, volume 41, pages 93—122