# 枕

| 枕 | U+6795, &#26517; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6795 |
| ← 枔 [U+6794] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 枖 → [U+6796] |

## Translingual
### Han character

枕 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木中月山 (DLBU), four-corner 4491$_2$, composition ⿰木冘)

#### Derived characters

* 𠶍 𡹟 萙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 515, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14546
* Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1175, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6795

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 枕 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums) : semantic 木 + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).

### Etymology

For the "pillow" sense, perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(u/i)m (“pillow, block, bench, bedstead”), and cognate with 椹 (OC *ʔl'um, “chopping block”), Burmese ခုံ (hkum, “raised block”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhěn (zhen$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җын (žɨn, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zim$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́m
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zem$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeng$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): cěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciēng / cīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chím
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zim$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^3$
*** Yale: jěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zen$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җын (žɨn, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^2$
*** Yale: jám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sim⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ziin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɨn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́m
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziim$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡səm³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciēng / cīng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieŋ³³/, /t͡siŋ³³/
* ciēng - vernacular;
* cīng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyimX
Rime :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 章荏切 |
| Baxter | tsyimX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕim$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjem$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cim$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhěn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.k][ə]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljumʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhěn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyim$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t.k][ə]mʔ/ |
| English | pillow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 15262 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 枕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔljumʔ/ |

#### Definitions

枕
* pillow
* occipital bone
* Alternative form of 軫 / 轸 (zhěn, “cross board at rear of a carriage”)

##### Compounds

* 一枕黃粱 / 一枕黄粱 (yīzhěnhuángliáng)
* 伏枕
* 倒枕捶床
* 倒枕搥床 / 倒枕捶床
* 共枕
* 冰枕
* 同衾共枕
* 呂公枕 / 吕公枕
* 大衾長枕 / 大衾长枕
* 大迎枕
* 奉枕席
* 孤衾獨枕 / 孤衾独枕
* 安枕 (ānzhěn)
* 安枕無憂 / 安枕无忧
* 安枕而臥 / 安枕而卧
* 就枕
* 引枕
* 戀枕 / 恋枕
* 扇枕溫席 / 扇枕温席
* 扇枕溫衾 / 扇枕温衾
* 扇枕溫被 / 扇枕温被
* 打枕捶床
* 抱枕 (bàozhěn)
* 拐枕
* 拂枕席
* 捶床拍枕
* 捶床搗枕 / 捶床捣枕
* 搗枕搥床 / 捣枕捶床
* 枕中書 / 枕中书
* 枕中記 / 枕中记
* 枕中鴻寶 / 枕中鸿宝
* 枕冷衾寒
* 枕套 (zhěntào)
* 枕巾 (zhěnjīn)
* 枕席 (zhěnxí)
* 枕席之歡 / 枕席之欢
* 枕心
* 枕木 (zhěnmù)
* 枕榻
* 枕箱
* 枕邊人 / 枕边人 (zhěnbiānrén)
* 枕邊細語 / 枕边细语 (zhěnbiān xìyǔ)
* 枕邊靈 / 枕边灵
* 枕頭 / 枕头 (zhěntou)
* 枕頭箱 / 枕头箱
* 枕骨 (zhěngǔ)
* 枕髁
* 椎床倒枕
* 民不安枕
* 溫席扇枕 / 温席扇枕
* 熨衣枕
* 玉枕
* 繡花枕頭 / 绣花枕头 (xiùhuāzhěntou)
* 臥不安枕 / 卧不安枕
* 菊枕
* 落枕
* 薦枕 / 荐枕
* 薦枕席 / 荐枕席
* 藉草枕塊 / 借草枕块
* 衾寒枕冷
* 衾枕 (qīnzhěn)
* 衾枕之樂 / 衾枕之乐
* 角枕
* 警枕
* 軌枕 / 轨枕
* 遊仙枕 / 游仙枕
* 長枕大被 / 长枕大被
* 雞鳴枕 / 鸡鸣枕
* 靠枕
* 高枕 (gāozhěn)
* 高枕不虞
* 高枕勿憂 / 高枕勿忧
* 高枕安寢 / 高枕安寝
* 高枕安臥 / 高枕安卧
* 高枕無事 / 高枕无事
* 高枕無憂 / 高枕无忧 (gāozhěnwúyōu)
* 高枕無虞 / 高枕无虞
* 高枕而眠
* 高枕而臥 / 高枕而卧

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhěn, zhèn (zhen$^3$, zhen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˇ, ㄓㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^3$
*** Yale: jěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$
*** Yale: jèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^3$
*** Yale: jam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyimH
Rime :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之任切 |
| Baxter | tsyimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.k][ə]mʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyim$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t.k][ə]mʔ-s/ |
| English | use as a pillow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 15263 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 枕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔljums/ |

#### Definitions

枕
* to pillow; to lay one's head on
       From: 王秀楚《揚州十日記》
       duī shī zhù jī shǒuzú xiāng zhěn [Pinyin]
       Bodies are piled up with their hands pillowing upon feet.
* to approach
* to lean on
* a surname

##### Compounds

* 傷亡枕藉 / 伤亡枕借
* 寢苫枕塊 / 寝苫枕块
* 寢苫枕草 / 寝苫枕草
* 曲肱而枕
* 枕塊 / 枕块
* 枕戈嘗膽 / 枕戈尝胆
* 枕戈坐甲
* 枕戈寢甲 / 枕戈寝甲
* 枕戈待敵 / 枕戈待敌
* 枕戈待旦
* 枕戈汗馬 / 枕戈汗马
* 枕戈泣血
* 枕戈飲膽 / 枕戈饮胆
* 枕流漱石
* 枕石漱流 (zhěnshíshùliú)
* 枕經藉史 / 枕经借史
* 枕腕
* 枕藉 / 枕借 (zhènjiè)
* 死傷相枕 / 死伤相枕
* 死相枕藉 / 死相枕借
* 死者相枕
* 泣血枕戈
* 漱流枕石
* 漱石枕流
* 葄枕
* 餓殍枕藉 / 饿殍枕借

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chén (chen$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: drim
Rime :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直深切 |
| Baxter | drim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'um/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 枕 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 15257 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沈 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'um/ |

#### Definitions

枕
* Lindera umbellata
* Alternative form of 沉 (chén)

### References

* “枕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pillow

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kan’yō-on: ちん (chin)
* Kun: まくら (makura, 枕, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 枕
* まくら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. From Proto-Japonic *makura.
Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *makura, whence Kikai 枕 (makka), Kunigami 枕 (makkā), Miyako 枕 (maffa), Northern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makura), Okinawan 枕 (makkwa), Okinoerabu 枕 (makura), Southern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makra), Tokunoshima 枕 (makkwa), Yaeyama 枕 (maffa), Yonaguni 枕 (magura), and Yoron 枕 (makkura).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まくら [máꜜkùrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ma̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

### Noun

枕(まくら) • (makura)
* pillow

#### Derived terms

* 枕詞(まくらことば) (makurakotoba)
* 抱(だ)き枕(まくら) (dakimakura)
* 膝枕(ひざまくら) (hizamakura)

### References

* ↑ “枕”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

枕 (eum 침 (chim))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

枕: Hán Nôm readings: chẳm, chắm, chẩm, chũm, chấm, chỏm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.