# 羹

| 羹 | U+7FB9, &#32697; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FB9 |
| ← 羸 [U+7FB8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 羺 → [U+7FBA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

羹 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土火廿大 (TGFTK), four-corner 8053$_0$, composition ⿱羔美)

#### Derived characters

* 𤄾, 𦣍, 𢑌

#### Related characters

* 羮 (Variant form)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 954, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28584
* Dae Jaweon: page 1399, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3139, character 13
* Unihan data for U+7FB9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 羹
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gēng (geng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gang$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gang$^{1*}$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiⁿ / keⁿ / kng / keng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gên$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: geng
*** Wade–Giles: kêng$^1$
*** Yale: gēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
*** Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gang$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /kẽ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
*** Tâi-lô: kng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
*** Tâi-lô: king
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
* kiⁿ/keⁿ - vernacular;
* kng/keng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kaeng
Rime :
| Character | 羹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古行切 |
| Baxter | kaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 羹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁraŋ/ |
| English | soup |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 羹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3988 |
| Phonetic component | 羹 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 庚 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

羹
* thick soup; broth
    魚肚羹／鱼肚羹 ― yúdùgēng ― fish maw soup
* vegetable soup
* soups in general
* (Cantonese) spoon (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
* (Cantonese) Classifier for amounts of substance in a spoon.
       bat$^1$ gang$^1$ laat$^6$ ziu$^1$ zoeng$^3$ lok$^6$ heoi$^3$ [Jyutping]
       scoop a spoon of hot sauce in

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 匙, 勺 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 調羹, 湯匙, 羹匙, 匙子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 勺兒, 羹匙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 湯匙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 羹匙兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 羹匙兒, 勺子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 小勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 調羹兒, 羹匙兒, 勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 調羹, 羹匙兒, 小勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 勺兒, 小勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 羹匙兒, 勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 羹匙, 勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 羹匙兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 羹匙兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 羹匙兒, 勺兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 羹匙兒, 匙兒, 匙子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 湯匙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 湯匙 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 調羹, 勺兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 羹匙兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 調羹, 勺兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 調羹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 勺兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 調羹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 勺子, 調羹, 小勺兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 匙羹兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 羹匙兒, 勺兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 匙子, 匙兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 調羹兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 調羹, 羹匙兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 匙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 調羹, 調羹勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 羹勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 調羹兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 勺兒, 調羹匙兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 調羹, 勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 調羹, 小勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 調羹, 小勺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 調羹, 磁勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 勺勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 勺勺兒, 調羹, 調羹兒, 小勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 調羹, 勺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 調羹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 調羹兒, 勺勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 調羹, 湯勺兒, 湯勺子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 勺子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 調羹兒, 調羹子, 勺勺子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 調羹兒, 調羹子, 勺兒, 勺勺子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 調羹, 勺勺子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 調羹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 調羹, 勺勺子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 瓢羹, 瓢羹兒, 調羹, 調羹兒, 瓢瓢兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 瓢羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 瓢羹, 湯瓢, 瓢, 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 調羹兒, 瓢羹兒, 湯瓢兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 調羹, 瓢羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 瓢羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 瓢羹, 調匙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 調羹, 小勺勺, 勺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 調羹, 匙羹, 瓢羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 調羹兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 調羹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 瓢瓢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 調羹兒, 調羹, 挑子, 茶叉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 瓢子, 挑子, 調羹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 調羹, 湯瓢子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 湯勺子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 調羹, 勺兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 調羹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 湯瓢, 挑子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 調羹, 挑子, 勺子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 調羹, 湯勺兒, 勺兒, 挑兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 匙羹, 羹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 匙羹, 羹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 湯殼 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 調羹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 匙羹, 羹 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 羹調 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 羹 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 匙羹 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 匙羹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 瓢羹, 調羹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 瓢羹, 調羹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 挑羹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 調羹, 調羹仔, 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 調羹 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 匙羹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 匙羹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 挑羹 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 調羹 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 調羹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 調羹仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 湯匙 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 湯匙 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 瓢羹, 瓢 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 瓢, 湯瓢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 匙匙, 調羹兒, 羹匙 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 小勺兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 勺兒, 勺勺兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 匙匙 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 調羹兒, 匙匙 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 調羹兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 勺勺 |
| Jin | Jining | 調羹勺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 調羹兒勺 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 小勺子 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 調羹勺兒, 勺勺兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 調羹勺子 |
| Jin | Handan | 調羹, 羹匙 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 調羹兒, 小勺兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 調羹兒, 勺勺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 調羹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 瓢羹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 瓢羹, 湯匙 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 瓢羹, 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 湯匙, 調羹, 調羹仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 蹺羹 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 湯匙仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 湯匙, 調羹仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 湯匙仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 湯匙, 湯匙仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 調羹, 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 調羹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 湯匙 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 羹 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頭羹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 頭羹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 調羹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 調羹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 匙羹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 匙羹, 調羹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瓢羹 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 調羹, 抄, 剪勺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 調羹 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 抄, 調羹 |
| Wu | Danyang | 匙, 匙匙, 調羹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 瓢羹兒 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 瓢羹, 瓢羹兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 羹調, 調羹 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 調羹 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 瓢羹 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 瓢羹, 調羹, 挑子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 瓢羹, 調羹, 挑子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 調勾, 挑子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 調羹, 調羹羹 |

##### Descendants

* → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kɛːŋᴬ¹
** Lao: ແກງ (kǣng, “stew; soup”)
** Thai: แกง (gɛɛng, “curry; soup; stew”)
** Northern Thai: ᨠᩯ᩠ᨦ
** Lü: ᦶᦂᧂ (k̇aeng)
** Shan: ၵႅင် (kěng)
* → Saek: เก๋ง

#### Compounds

* 分一杯羹 (fēnyībēigēng)
* 分我杯羹
* 分杯羹
* 吃閉門羹 / 吃闭门羹 (chī bìméngēng)
* 和羹
* 嚃羹
* 土托魚羹 / 土托鱼羹
* 塵飯塗羹 / 尘饭涂羹
* 大羹玄酒
* 太羹
* 年羹堯 / 年羹尧
* 懲羹吹齏 / 惩羹吹齑 (chénggēngchuījī)
* 指雁為羹 / 指雁为羹
* 殘羹 / 残羹
* 殘羹冷炙 / 残羹冷炙
* 殘羹冷飯 / 残羹冷饭
* 殘羹剩飯 / 残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
* 沸羹
* 爺羹娘飯 / 爷羹娘饭
* 爺飯娘羹 / 爷饭娘羹
* 百歲羹 / 百岁羹
* 簞食豆羹 / 箪食豆羹
* 羊羹 (yánggēng)
* 羹匙 (gēngchí)
* 羹湯 / 羹汤
* 羹牆 / 羹墙
* 羹牆見堯 / 羹墙见尧
* 羹藜唅糗
* 羹飯 / 羹饭
* 肉羹 (ròugēng)
* 芼羹
* 蓴羹鱸膾 / 莼羹鲈脍
* 藜羹
* 蜩螗沸羹
* 調羹 / 调羹 (tiáogēng)
* 豆羹
* 鉶羹 / 铏羹
* 閉門羹 / 闭门羹 (bìméngēng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láng (lang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^2$
*** Yale: láng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^4$
*** Yale: lòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²¹/

#### Definitions

羹
* Only used in 不羹.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Tō-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: あつもの (atsumono)

#### Compounds

* 肉羹(にくこう) (nikukō): meat broth
* 羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan): a gelatin made from boiled sheep and used in soups; a thick jellied dessert made of red bean paste, agar, and sugar

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 羹
* かん Hyōgai
* tōon
From Middle Chinese 羹 (MC kaeng).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

#### Affix

羹(かん) • (kan)
* broth of fish and vegetables

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 羹
* あつもの Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
あつ (atsu, “hot”) +‎ もの (mono, “thing”)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あつもの [àtsúmónó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠t͡sɨmo̞no̞]

#### Noun

羹(あつもの) • (atsumono)
* broth of fish and vegetables

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

羹 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

羹: Hán Nôm readings: canh
* chữ Hán form of canh (“broth”).