# 大食
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāčīk, Tāzīg). Doublet of 塔吉克 (Tǎjíkè). Cognate with English Tajik.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ sik$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàshíh
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: Dà-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahshyr
*** Palladius: Даши (Daši)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ sik$^6$
*** Yale: daaih sihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ sik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ xig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: dajH zyik
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 食 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 乗力切 |
| Baxter | dajH | zyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | sik$^6$ |

#### Proper noun

大食
* (archaic, Tang dynasty) the (Abbasid) caliphate

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ sik$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̍t
* Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh$^{→siĕh}$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tōa-chia̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dua$^7$ ziah$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàshíh
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: dà-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahshyr
*** Palladius: даши (daši)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ sik$^6$
*** Yale: daaih sihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ sik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ xig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai siid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^4$ sid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨt̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh$^{→siĕh}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$lieʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-chia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tuā-tsia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doaxciah
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siaʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dua$^7$ ziah$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuā tsia̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /tua¹¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dajH zyik
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 食 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 乗力切 |
| Baxter | dajH | zyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | sik$^6$ |

##### Adjective

大食
* (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) having a large appetite; being a big eater
       ngo$^5$ sai$^3$ go$^3$ go$^2$ zan$^6$ si$^4$ hou$^2$ daai$^6$ sik$^6$ gaa$^3$, jat$^1$ caan$^1$ hei$^2$ maa$^5$ jiu$^3$ jau$^5$ saam$^1$ wun$^2$ faan$^6$ lok$^6$ tou$^5$. [Jyutping]
       I used to be a big eater when I was small. I had to have at least three bowls of rice each meal.
* (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, of a tool, e.g. a knife) penetrating deeper or more frequently

###### Antonyms

* (Cantonese, Hokkien) 細食／细食
* (Hokkien, Teochew) 小食 (sió-chia̍h), 小口 (sió-kháu)

###### Derived terms

* 大食懶 / 大食懒
* 大食虎

###### Related terms

* (Cantonese) 為食／为食 (“gluttonous; greedy”)

##### Noun

大食
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, thieves' slang) gunny sack

#### Pronunciation 2

* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ sik$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh$^{→*siĕh}$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ sik$^6$
*** Yale: daaih sihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ sik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ xig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh$^{→*siĕh}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ sieʔ⁵/

##### Verb

大食
* (Cantonese, Eastern Min) to gorge oneself; to pig out

###### Derived terms

* 大使大食
* 大食會 / 大食会
* 大飲大食 / 大饮大食

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大食(たいしょく) (taishoku)
* → Korean: 대식(大食) (daesik)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “大食”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 430

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 食 |
| たい Grade: 1 | しょく Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たいしょく [tàíshókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠iɕo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

大(たい)食(しょく) • (taishoku)
* gluttony