OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# prodigality
## English
### Etymology

From prodigal +‎ -ity, from Old French prodigalite, from Late Latin prodigalitas.

### Noun

prodigality (countable and uncountable, plural prodigalities)
* Wasteful extravagance.
** 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 339:The plain where he was riding was one immense thicket of the gum cistus, whose frail white leaves, just veined with the faintest pink, fell in showers at the least movement of the passer-by. What a prodigality of blossom!—for the gum cistus, born and withered in an hour, is the most ephemeral of flowers.
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 2, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:Mother […] considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.
* Lavish generosity.
# moraliseren
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch moraliseren, from Middle French moraliser. Equivalent to moraal +‎ -iseren.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌmoː.raː.liˈzeː.rə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mo‧ra‧li‧se‧ren
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Verb

moraliseren
* (intransitive) to moralise, to moralize

#### Derived terms

* moralisatie
* moralisering

#### Related terms

* demoraliseren
* moraal
* moralisme
* moralist
# keukenmeid
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of keuken +‎ meid.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkøː.kə(n)ˌmɛi̯t/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: keu‧ken‧meid

### Noun

keukenmeid f (plural keukenmeiden, diminutive keukenmeisje n)
* kitchen maid [from early 17th c.]

#### Derived terms

* gillende keukenmeid
# cuỗm
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kuəm˦ˀ˥]
* (Huế) IPA: [kuəm˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kuəm˨˩˦]

### Verb

cuỗm
* (colloquial) to steal; to snatch; to rob
    Synonyms: trộm, rinh
# rasant
## English
### Etymology

From French rasant.

### Adjective

rasant (not comparable)
* (military, obsolete) sweeping; flanking
    rasant fire

### Anagrams

* -sartan, Arants, ratans, sartan, satRNA, satrna, tarans

## French
### Participle

rasant
* present participle of raser

### Adjective

rasant (feminine rasante, masculine plural rasants, feminine plural rasantes)
* shaving (lightly touching)
* boring (annoying)

### Further reading

* “rasant”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Etymology

18th century, borrowed from French rasant in the military sense. The sense “rapid” through influence by unrelated German rasen (“to rush”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁaˈzant/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ant

### Adjective

rasant (strong nominative masculine singular rasanter, comparative rasanter, superlative am rasantesten)
* (military, sports, of a projectile or ball) having a flat trajectory
* (now the main sense) rapid, turbulent, tempestuous (at great and possibly uncontrolled speed)
    Synonyms: mitreißend, rasend, stürmisch, turbulent

#### Derived terms

* Rasanz, Rasantheit

#### Descendants

* → Czech: razantní

### Further reading

* “rasant” in Duden online
* “rasant” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# 俺たち
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 俺
* おれ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 俺たち – see the following entry. :
| 【俺達おれたち】 | [pronoun] (informal, men's speech) we; us |
(This term, 俺たち, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# στάλα
## Greek
### Etymology

Back-formation from σταλ(άζω) (stal(ázo)) +‎ -α (-a).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsta.la/
* Hyphenation: στά‧λα

### Noun

στάλα • (stála) f (plural στάλες)
* drop (small quantity of liquid)
* (figuratively) drop (small quantity of anything)
    στάλα στάλα ― stála stála ― drop by drop

#### Synonyms

* σταγόνα f (stagóna)

#### Derived terms

* (diminutive) σταλίτσα f (stalítsa)

#### Related terms

* σταλάζω (stalázo)

### References

* ↑ στάλα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# ploeteren
## Dutch
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplu.tə.rə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ploe‧te‧ren
* Rhymes: -utərən

### Verb

ploeteren
* (figuratively) to toil, to drudge
* to hustle
    Synonyms: hosselen, knoeften, zwoegen

#### Derived terms

* ploeteraar
# 懶蛇
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "懒蛇".)

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): laan$^5$ se$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laan$^5$ se$^4$
*** Yale: láahn sèh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laan$^5$ se$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lan$^5$ sé$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːn¹³ sɛː²¹/

### Noun

懶蛇
* (Cantonese) lazybones; lazy person

#### Synonyms

* 大食懶 / 大食懒 (daai$^6$ sik$^6$ laan$^5$) (Cantonese)
* 懶人 / 懒人 (lǎnrén)
* 懶人子 / 懒人子 (lan$^3$ ren$^2$ zr) (Xiang)
* 懶佬 / 懒佬 (laan$^5$ lou$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 懶屍嫲 / 懒尸嫲 (Hakka)
* 懶屍牯 / 懒尸牯 (Hakka)
* 懶屍鬼 / 懒尸鬼 (Hakka, Min Nan)
* 懶撲鬼 / 懒扑鬼 ($^6$le-phoq-ciu) (Wu)
* 懶漢 / 懒汉 (lǎnhàn)
* 懶蛋 / 懒蛋 (lǎndàn)
* 懶蟲 / 懒虫 (lǎnchóng)
* 懶骨頭 / 懒骨头
* 懶鬼 / 懒鬼 (lǎnguǐ)
* 河頭魚 / 河头鱼 (ho$^2$ dou$^2$ y$^2$) (Xiang)
* 貧惰蟲 / 贫惰虫 (Hokkien)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 懶人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 懶蛋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 懶人, 懶漢, 懶漢子, 懶棒棒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 懶蟲 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 懶漢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 懶溜子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 懶蛇, 墨蛇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 懶坯, 懶蟲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 懶蛇, 蛇王 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 懶蛇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 懶人, 懶鬼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 懶鬼 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 懶坯, 懶骨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 懶蛋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 懶漢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 貧惰骨 GT, 貧惰蟲 GT |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 貧惰蟲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 惰仔, 惰人 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 懶鬼, 懶蟲 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 懶惰坯, 懶撲鬼, 懶蟲, 懶人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 懶撲 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 懶惰坯, 懶坯, 懶惰鬼 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 懶撲, 懶惰坯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 懶人, 懶牌人 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 懶人子, 河頭魚 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 懶人子 |
# alhorre
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خُرْء (ḵurʔ), via Andalusian Arabic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈlore/ [aˈlo.re]
* Rhymes: -ore
* Syllabification: al‧ho‧rre

### Noun

alhorre m (plural alhorres)
* meconium

### Further reading

* “alhorre”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# catifa
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَطِيفَة (qaṭīfa, “satin”). Compare Portuguese alcatifa, Galician alcatifa, Spanish alcatifa, catifa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kəˈti.fə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [kaˈti.fa]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

catifa f (plural catifes)
* carpet; rug

#### Derived terms

* encatifar

### Further reading

* “catifa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈtifa/ [kaˈt̪i.fa]
* Rhymes: -ifa
* Syllabification: ca‧ti‧fa

### Noun

catifa f (plural catifas)
* (uncommon) Alternative form of alcatifa

### Further reading

* “catifa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# blettsenn
## Middle English
### Verb

blettsenn
* (Ormulum) Alternative form of blessen
# miksrasa
## Esperanto
### Etymology

miksi (“mix”) +‎ rasa (“racial”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [miksˈrasa]
* Rhymes: -asa
* Hyphenation: miks‧ra‧sa

### Adjective

miksrasa (accusative singular miksrasan, plural miksrasaj, accusative plural miksrasajn)
* of mixed races, interracial
# sylvatic
## English
### Alternative forms

* silvatic

### Etymology

From Latin sylvāticus. See sylvan. Doublet of savage.

### Adjective

sylvatic (not comparable)
* (ecology) Of or pertaining to woods or woodland organisms; sylvan
** 2011 Desiree LaBeaud et al: Arbovirus Prevalence in Mosquitoes, Kenya. Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases - Volume 17, Issues 1-6 - Page 233
    Because arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, can be spread by competent mosquito vectors across great distances, they pose substantial risk to other regions in which the disease is currently nonendemic. Zoonotic arboviruses circulate in sylvatic and peridomestic cycles involving wild animals and nearby humans. Often these arboviruses remain undetected by health care systems. Kenya has had multiple arbovirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades resulting in economic and public health distress, including yellow fever, chikungunya fever, and Rift Valley fever.
* Of or pertaining to wild rather than domestic animals
* (medicine) Of or pertaining to diseases or parasites borne or transmitted by sylvatic organisms
** 2003 Lorraine B. Davis (ed) Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment, Volume 1 →ISBN Pub: Office of The Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America. pp. 478 & 488
    Yellow fever has two transmission cycles, a sylvatic or jungle cycle and an urban cycle. The sylvatic cycle involving forest canopy mosquitoes as the vectors, and forest primates, mainly monkeys, as the hosts. The urban cycle involves Aedes aegypti as the vector and humans as the hosts. The urban cycle begins when humans become infected in the sylvatic cycle by entering forest habitats and being bitten by infected sylvatic vectors. People infected in this way return to their villages or cities, thereby initiating urban transmission... The oriental rat flea, "Xenopsylla cheopis", found on commensal rats in many parts of the world, is the most important vector of bubonic plague and murine typhus. The plague bacilli and murine typhus rickettsiae are ordinarily acquired by the flea during feeding on infected rats. Then the pathogens may be transmitted to humans in the absence of the flea's normal hosts, as when the rats are dying of plague in an epizootic. Plague exists in a sylvatic form in widespread parts of the world, and many of the 2,000 species of fleas are vectors of this disease.

### Noun

sylvatic (plural sylvatics)
* A wild animal
# rarau
## Iban
### Noun

rarau
* an unidentified type of clinging vine.

### References

* Ensiring, Janang., Saleh, Robert Menua. A Comprehensive Iban-English Dictionary The Dayak Cultural Foundation. 2016.
# sukara
## Javanese
### Romanization

sukara
* Romanization of ꦱꦸꦏꦫ
# bletsien
## Middle English
### Verb

bletsien
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of blessen
# اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

IPA: /aɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/

### Phrase

ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ • (allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin)
* (Islam) O God, bless Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad; Salawat, a blessing sent upon the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his family

### See also

* ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ (allāhumma ṣalli ʕalā muḥammadin wa-ʕalā ʔāli muḥammadin)
* صَلَّىٰ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-ʔālihi wa-sallama)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)
* عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
* سَلَامُ ٱللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
* رَحِمَهُ ٱللّٰهُ (raḥimahu llāhu)
* رَضِيَ ٱللّٰهُ عَنْهُ (raḍiya llāhu ʕanhu)
# اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/

### Phrase

اللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ • (allāhumma ṣalli ʕalā muḥammadin wa-ʕalā ʔāli muḥammadin)
* (Islam) O God, bless Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad; Salawat, a blessing sent upon the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his family

#### Related terms

* ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ (allāhumma ṣalli ʕalā muḥammadin wa-ʔāli muḥammadin)
* صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-ʔālihi wa-sallama)
* اَللَّٰهُمَّ (allāhumma, “God; O God”)
* بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ (bi-smi llāhi, “in the name of God”)
** بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ (bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi)
* إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ (ʔin šāʔa llāhu, “if God wills”)
* مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ (mā šāʔa llāhu, “what God wills”)
* بِإذْنِ ٱللَّٰهِ (bi-ʔiḏni llāhi, “by the permission of God”)
* سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ (subḥāna llāhi, “glory be to God”)
* الْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ (al-ḥamdu lillāhi, “all praise is for God”)
* أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللَّٰهِ (ʔastaḡfiru llāhi, “I seek forgiveness from God”)
# вурдылаш
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

From вурдо (vurdo) +‎ -лаш (-laš, “denominal derivational verb forming suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /βuɾdəˈlɑʃ/
* Rhymes: -ɑʃ
* Hyphenation: вур‧ды‧лаш

### Verb

вурдылаш • (vurdylaš) (type II conjugation)
* (transitive) to attach a handle, to fasten a handle

#### Related terms

* вурдан (vurdan)
* вурдыдымо (vurdydymo)
* вурдо (vurdo)

### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “вурдылаш”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
# bušiti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bušiti. First attested in the 18th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bǔːʃiti/
* Hyphenation: bu‧ši‧ti

### Verb

búšiti impf (Cyrillic spelling бу́шити)
* (transitive) to bore, drill

#### Derived terms

* izbúšiti
* probúšiti
* zabúšiti

#### Related terms

* bušilica

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2016) “bušiti”, in Dunja Brozović Rončević, Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes I: A—Nj, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 98

### Further reading

* “bušiti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# عليه السلم
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu) (modern spelling)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕa.laj.hi‿s.sa.laː.mu/

### Phrase

عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ • (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
* Archaic spelling of عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu).

### See also

* عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ وَٱلسَّلَٰمُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu)
** عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu)
* سَلَٰمُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
** سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
* صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-ʔālihi wa-sallama)
* رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ (raḥimahu llāhu)
* رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ (raḍiya llāhu ʕanhu)
# shuffling the deckchairs on the Titanic
## English
### Verb

shuffling the deckchairs on the Titanic
* present participle and gerund of shuffle the deckchairs on the Titanic
# shuffles the chairs on the deck of the Titanic
## English
### Verb

shuffles the chairs on the deck of the Titanic
* third-person singular simple present indicative of shuffle the chairs on the deck of the Titanic
# ꦱꦸꦏꦿ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese śukra, from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.krɔ/
* Rhymes: -krɔ
* Hyphenation: su‧kra

### Noun

ꦱꦸꦏꦿ (Sukra)
* (archaic) Friday

### Further reading

* “sukra” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# 睇見
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): tai$^2$ gin$^3$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): toin$^2$ gin$^3$ / toin$^2$ giang$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tai$^2$ gin$^3$
*** Yale: tái gin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tai$^2$ gin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tei$^2$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐi̯³⁵ kiːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: toin$^2$ gin$^3$ / toin$^2$ giang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóiⁿ kìⁿ / thóiⁿ kiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰõĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ kĩ²¹³/, /tʰõĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ kiaŋ²¹³/

### Verb

睇見
* (Cantonese, Teochew) to see, to catch sight of

#### Synonyms

* 看見／看见 (kànjiàn)
# substratum
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin substratum, nominalisation of the neuter of Latin substrātus, perfect passive participle of substernō.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

substratum (plural substrata)
* A layer that lies underneath another.
    Synonym: underlayer
* (figuratively) The underlying cause or basis of something.
* (linguistics) A substrate.

#### Related terms

* substratal

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syp.stʁa.tɔm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sub‧stra‧tum

### Noun

substratum m (plural substratums)
* stratum

### Further reading

* “substratum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# 孥囝鬼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): nou$^1$ gian$^2$ gui$^2$
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nou$^1$ gian$^2$ gui$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nou kiáⁿ kúi
*** Sinological IPA : /nou³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ kui⁵²⁻²¹/

### Noun

孥囝鬼
* (Teochew, derogatory) child; kid
** 1959, 董同龢, “四個閩南方言”, in Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, volume 30, number 2, pages 903–904:tsi˨˥ (k)ai˩˩ tsə˧˧ tse˧˧ tsu˨˥ dzeŋ˥˥ tʰoi˨˥ kĩ˥˩ lim˩˩ tai˩˩ kʰim˧˧ si˩˩ tsek˩ kai˩˩ nou˧˧ kiã˨˥ kui˥˩ m˩˩ siaŋ˧˧ seŋ˥˩ i˧˧ u˩˩ hak˩ mŋ˩˩ ho˩˥ lai˩˩ tso˥˨ seŋ˧˧ sẽ˧˧只個書齋主人睇見林大欽是一個孥囝鬼，唔相信伊有學問好來做先生 [Teochew, trad.] 只个书斋主人睇见林大钦是一个孥囝鬼，唔相信伊有学问好来做先生 [Teochew, simp.]zi$^2$ gai$^5$ ze$^1$ zê$^1$ zu$^2$ reng$^5$ toi$^2$ gin$^3$ Lim$^5$ Dai$^6$ kim$^1$ si$^6$ zêg$^8$ gai$^5$ nou$^1$ gian$^2$ gui$^2$, m$^6$ siang$^1$ sêng$^3$ i$^1$ u$^6$ hak$^8$ mng$^7$ ho$^2$ lai$^5$ zo$^3$ sêng$^1$ sên$^1$ [Peng'im]When the principal of the school saw that Lim Dai Kim was only a boy, he could not believe that he had enough learning to be a teacher
# ཀ་བ
## Tibetan
### Etymology

Possibly from Sanskrit स्कम्भ (skambha, “pillar; support; prop”) (Hill, 2007). Compare Nepali खम्बा (khambā, “pillar; pole”), खामो (khāmo, “pillar; post; stake; prop”), Gujarati ખંભ (khambh, “pillar”), ખંભો (khambho, “pillar”), and Marathi खांब (khāmba, “pillar; post”).

### Pronunciation

* Old Tibetan: /*ka.ba/
* Lhasa: /kaː˥˥/
* Zêkog: /kɒ.wɒ/
* Old Tibetan:
** IPA: /*ka.ba/ (reconstructed)
* Ü-Tsang
** Tibetan pinyin: gaa$^f$
** (Lhasa) IPA: /kaː˥˥/
* Amdo
** (Zêkog) IPA: /kɒ.wɒ/

### Noun

ཀ་བ • (ka ba)
* pillar, column, pole, post
# καλυτερεύω
## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek καλυτερεύω (kalutereúō). By surface analysis, καλύτερ(ος) (kalýter(os)) +‎ -εύω (-évo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.li.teˈɾe.vo/
* Hyphenation: κα‧λυ‧τε‧ρεύ‧ω

### Verb

καλυτερεύω • (kalyterévo) (past καλυτέρεψα/καλυτέρευσα, passive —)
* (transitive) to improve, to make better
    Synonym: βελτιώνω (veltióno)
    Antonyms: χειροτερεύω (cheiroterévo), επιδεινώνω (epideinóno)
* (intransitive) to improve, to get better
    Synonym: βελτιώνομαι (veltiónomai)
    Antonyms: χειροτερεύω (cheiroterévo), επιδεινώνομαι (epideinónomai)

#### Derived terms

* καλυτέρευση f (kalytérefsi)
* καλυτέρεψη f (kalytérepsi)

### References

* ↑ καλυτερεύω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# ਪੱਤਰ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra). Sense 2 and 3 are learned. Doublet of ਪੱਤਾ (pattā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pət̪.t̪ᵊɾə̆/

### Noun

ਪੱਤਰ • (pattar) m (Shahmukhi spelling پَتر)
* leaf, petal
    Synonym: ਪੱਤਾ (pattā)
* (India) letter, document, paper
* (India) newspaper, journal
    Synonym: ਪਤਰਿਕਾ (patrikā)

#### Derived terms

* ਪੱਤਰ ਵਿਹਾਰ m (pattar vihār, “correspondence”)
* ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰ m (pattarkār, “journalist”)
* ਪੱਤਰਾ m (pattarā, “leaf”)
* ਵਧਾਈ ਪੱਤਰ m (vadhāī pattar, “greeting card”)

#### Related terms

* ਪਤਰਾਲ਼ f (patrāḷ, “foliage”)
* ਪਤਰਿਕਾ f (patrikā, “magazine”)
* ਪੱਤਰੀ m (pattarī, “leaflet”)
* ਪੱਤਾ m (pattā, “leaf”)

### Further reading

* “ਪੱਤਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# eldoni
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From el- (“out of”) +‎ doni (“to give”), likely a calque of German ausgeben.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [elˈdoni]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oni
* Hyphenation: el‧do‧ni

### Verb

eldoni (present eldonas, past eldonis, future eldonos, conditional eldonus, volitive eldonu)
* (transitive) to issue, publish

#### Derived terms

* eldonaĵo (“publication”)
* eldonejo (“publisher”)

#### Related terms

* eldono (“edition”)
# druh
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech druh, from Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdrux]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

druh m anim (female equivalent družka)
* companion

#### Declension
### Noun

druh m inan
* (taxonomy) species
    Moje oblíbená zelenina jsou brambory, a tady jsou všechny druhy brambor. ― Potatoes are my favourite vegetables, and there are all kinds of potatoes here.
* a type of something
    Synonym: typ

#### Related terms

* družba f
* družina f
* družit
* družka f
* družný
* družstvo n
* přidružený
* přidružit
* sdružení n
* sdružit
* slovní druh m
* soudruh m

### Further reading

* “druh”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “druh”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “druh”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /drux/

### Noun

druh m
* dust

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian друг (druh). Doublet of drug, an inherited form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdrux/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ux
* Syllabification: druh
* Homophones: druch, Druch

### Noun

druh m pers (female equivalent druhna or drużka)
* (literary) friend, companion
* (scouting) Scout
* (firefighting) member of a fire brigade

#### Related terms

* drużba
* drużyna

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “druh”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

### Further reading

* druh in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* druh in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# dwukąt
## Polish
### Etymology

From dwu- +‎ kąt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdvu.kɔnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ukɔnt
* Syllabification: dwu‧kąt

### Noun

dwukąt m inan
* (geometry) digon

#### Derived terms

* dwukątny

### Further reading

* dwukąt in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Maliwalo
## English
### Proper noun

Maliwalo
* A barangay of Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines.
# Mapalad
## English
### Proper noun

Mapalad
* A barangay of Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From mapalad (“fortunate, lucky”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /maˈpalad/ [mɐˈpaː.lɐd̪̚]
* Rhymes: -alad
* Syllabification: Ma‧pa‧lad

### Proper noun

Mapalad (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜎᜇ᜔)
* a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro

### Anagrams

* malapad
# いろへ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of いろへ – see the following entry. :
| 【色いろえ】2 | [noun] (obsolete) coloring, design |
(This term, いろへ (irofe), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as いろへ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as いろへ.) :
# hejmaresto
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From hejmo (“home”) +‎ aresto (“arrest”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hejmaˈresto]
* Rhymes: -esto
* Hyphenation: hejm‧a‧res‧to

### Noun

hejmaresto (accusative singular hejmareston, plural hejmarestoj, accusative plural hejmarestojn)
* house arrest