# 犀

| 犀 | U+7280, &#29312; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7280 |
| ← 牿 [U+727F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犁 → [U+7281] |
| 犀 | U+2F924, &#194852; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F924 |
| ← 𤘈 [U+2F923] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 犕 → [U+2F925] |

## Translingual
### Han character

犀 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水竹手 (SEHQ) or 尸卜卜手 (SYYQ), four-corner 7725$_1$, composition ⿸尸⿱氺牛)

#### Derived characters

* 遲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20045
* Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1815, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7280
* Unihan data for U+2F924

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 摨 | *rniːd |
| 犀 | *sliːl |
| 遲 | *l'il |
| 墀 | *l'il |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sliːl) : phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”).

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): să̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sai / se
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sai$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$
*** Yale: sāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai / se
*** Tâi-lô: sai / se
*** Phofsit Daibuun: say, sef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/, /se³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
* sai - vernacular;
* se - literary.
* Middle Chinese: sej
Rime :
| Character | 犀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 |
| Baxter | sej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /sei/ |
| Wang Li | /siei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.lˤəj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sliːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 犀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sej › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.lˁəj/ |
| English | rhinoceros |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13345 |
| Phonetic component | 犀 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 西 |
| Old Chinese | /*sliːl/ |
| Notes | 說文尾聲 |

### Definitions

犀
* rhinoceros
    From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), adapted from translation by Peter Harris
    Wú mù chù nǎi xī, xiàng túnjù yǎngyù zhī dì. [Pinyin]
    Where there are no trees, rhinoceroses and elephants come together and bring up their young.
* sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal)

#### Compounds

* 一點靈犀 / 一点灵犀
* 兩犀 / 两犀
* 剔犀
* 心有靈犀 / 心有灵犀 (xīnyǒulíngxī)
* 披毛犀
* 拔犀擢象
* 拽象拖犀
* 文犀
* 木犀 (mùxī)
* 毛犀
* 燃犀
* 燃犀溫嶠 / 燃犀温峤
* 燬犀 / 毁犀
* 牙簽犀軸 / 牙签犀轴
* 犀兵
* 犀利 (xīlì)
* 犀帶 / 犀带
* 犀渠
* 犀照
* 犀牛 (xīniú)
* 犀牛望月
* 犀牛角
* 犀甲
* 犀皮
* 犀箸
* 犀角
* 犀銳 / 犀锐
* 犀錢 / 犀钱
* 犀革 (xīgé)
* 犀頭 / 犀头
* 犀首
* 犀鳥 / 犀鸟 (xīniǎo)
* 瓠犀
* 白犀牛
* 通天犀
* 金木犀
* 靈犀 / 灵犀 (língxī)
* 靈犀相通 / 灵犀相通
* 鬥犀臺 / 斗犀台

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: かたい (katai, 犀い)、するどい (surudoi, 犀い)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 犀
* さい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 犀 (sej).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さい [sáꜜì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠i]
** Homophones: 妻, 采, 賽, 骰子, 豺, 細, 斎, 債, 際, 載, 差異, 差違

### Noun

犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai)
* a rhinoceros

#### Derived terms

* 印(イン)度(ド)犀(サイ) (Indo-sai)
* 黒(クロ)犀(サイ) (kurosai)
* ジャワ犀(サイ) (Jawa-sai)
* 白(シロ)犀(サイ) (shirosai)
* スマトラ犀(サイ) (Sumatora-sai)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犀 (MC sej). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo))
* hanja form of 서 (“rhinoceros”)

#### Compounds

* 서각 (犀角, seogak)
* 서대 (犀帶, seodae)
* 서리 (犀利, seori)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

犀: Hán Nôm readings: tê, tây
* a rhinoceros

### References

* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999)tdcntd.
* ↑ Trần (2004).