OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# bayar
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* bajar (1947–1972)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay bayar, from Classical Malay bayar, from Proto-Malayic *bayar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD. Cognate with Tagalog bayad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.jar/, [ˈba.jar]
* Hyphenation: ba‧yar

### Verb

bayar
* to pay

#### Derived terms

* pembayaran

### References

* “bayar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bajaɣ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD. Cognate with Tagalog bayad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbajar/ [ˈba.jar]
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ar
* Hyphenation: ba‧yar

### Verb

bayar (Jawi spelling باير)
* to pay (finance).
    Bila kau nak bayar hutang kau, ah?!When are you gonna pay your debts, huh?!

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: bayar (inherited)

### Further reading

* “bayar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Ngaju
### Noun

bayar
* pay, payment

## Sambali
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *bayaD, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD.

### Noun

bayar
* pay; payment

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈbajaɾ/ [ˈbaː.jɐɾ] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -ajaɾ
** IPA: /baˈjaɾ/ [bɐˈjaɾ] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ba‧yar

### Noun

bayar (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜇ᜔) (dialectal, Batangas, Rizal, informal)
* Alternative form of bayad

### Adjective

bayár (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜇ᜔) (dialectal, Batangas, Rizal, informal)
* Alternative form of bayad

### Anagrams

* rabya, barya
# soñu
## Fala
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sonho, from Latin somnium. Compare Galician soño, Portuguese sonho, and Italian sogno.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsoɲu/
* Rhymes: -oɲu
* Syllabification: so‧ñu

### Noun

soñu m (plural soñus)
* dream (imaginary events seen while asleep)

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
# nìguru
## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* nìvuru, nìuru, nìjiru (orthographic dialectal variants)
* nivuru, niuru, niiru (eye dialect)

### Etymology

From the epenthesis of Latin nigrum, accusative of niger. Compare Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish negro. Cfr. àguru and màguru for the morphology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈni.u.ɾu/, [ˈni.ʊ.ɾʊ], [ˈni.vʊ.ɾʊ], [ˈni.vɪ.ɾʊ], [ˈniː.ɾʊ]
* Rhymes: -(v)ʊɾʊ
* Hyphenation: nì‧gu‧ru

### Adjective

nìguru (feminine singular nìgura, masculine and feminine plural nìguri)
* black (the darkest colour)
    Antonym: jancu
* (colloquial, Sicilian nciuria) black; (dark-skinned person)
    Synonyms: scuru, ntignatu
    Affacciai â casa di Vastiana a nìgura. ― I have been at Mrs. Vastiana the black's house.
    Antura mi nni jìi nne Turi u nìguru. ― Just now I went at Turi the black'.
* (colloquial, offensive by context) black; (dark-skinned person)
    Synonyms: afru-discinnenti, fricanu, nnianu, turcu, marucchinu

#### Derived terms

* annigurari
* anniguratu
* Lu Nìguru
* nigurazzu
* niguriceḍḍu
* nigurittu
* niguruliḍḍu
* niguruni
* niguruzza
* niguruzzu
* Nìguru
* U Nìguru

#### Related terms

* ble
* chiaru
* giallu
* giarnu
* grossu
* jancu
* russu
* scuru
* siccu
* vasciu
* virdi

#### Descendants

* → Italian: Nigro, Lo Nigro, Negro, Lo Niro, Loniro, Lo Nero, Lonero, De Niro, Deniro
# Gulf of Suez
## English
### Proper noun

the Gulf of Suez
* (geography) A gulf at the northern end of the Red Sea, to the west of the Sinai Peninsula.
# בצורת
## Hebrew

* Root
* ב־צ־ר (b-ts-r)
* 3 terms

### Noun

בצורת / בַּצֹּרֶת • (batsóret) f
* drought

### References

* “בצורת” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* בצורת on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# poblo
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈpɔb.blu]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈpɔb.blo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpo.blo]

### Verb

poblo
* first-person singular present indicative of poblar

## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* publoz (Old Vaudois)
* pœblo (ORB, narrow)
** peuple (Beaujolais)
** pe͟ublou (Bressan)
** peuple (Old Lyonnais)
* pobllo (ORB, narrow)
** pubyo (Fribourgeois)
** poublio (Vaudois)
* pœbllo (ORB, narrow)
** pe͟ublyo (Bressan)

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin pōpulus.

### Noun

poblo m (plural poblos) (ORB, broad)
* poplar

### References

* peuplier in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* poblo in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 837: “mi offrono solamente” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 1229: “seulement” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pōpŭlus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 181

## Old French
### Noun

poblo oblique singular, m (oblique plural poblos, nominative singular poblos, nominative plural poblo)
* (very early Old French) Alternative form of pueple

#### Usage notes

* Used in the Oaths of Strasbourg

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* pobro

### Etymology

From Latin populum, singular accusative of populus (“people, nation”). Cognate with Old Spanish pueblo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.blo/

### Noun

poblo m (plural poblos)
* Alternative form of poboo
# éisdeachd
## Irish
### Noun

éisdeachd f (genitive singular éisdeachda)
* Obsolete spelling of éisteacht.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

éisdeachd f (genitive singular éisdeachd, plural éisdeachdan)
* Superseded spelling of èisteachd.
# prefix coding
## English
### Alternative forms

* prefix code

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -əʊdɪŋ

### Noun

prefix coding (plural prefix codings)
* (computing theory) A coding system that uses (typically variable-length) codes that are distinguished by their "prefix property", which requires that there is no code word in the system that is a prefix (initial segment) of any other code word in the system.
    A prefix coding can use a code with code words {9, 55}, as it has the prefix property. However, a code consisting of {9, 5, 59, 55} is not allowed, as "5" is a prefix of "59" and also of "55".

#### Hyponyms

* Elias delta coding
* Elias gamma coding
* Elias omega coding
* Fibonacci coding
* Golomb Rice code
* Huffman coding
* Levenshtein coding
* Shannon–Fano coding
* Straddling checkerboard
* unary coding

### Further reading

* prefix code on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# keseimbangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed seimbang +‎ ke- -an, inherited from Malay keseimbangan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəsəɪmˈbaŋan]
* Hyphenation: kê‧sê‧im‧bang‧an

### Noun

kêsêimbangan (uncountable)
* balance
* (loosely) equilibrium
    Synonyms: ekuilibrium, kesetimbangan

#### Derived terms

* keseimbangan cairan tubuh
* keseimbangan dinamik
* keseimbangan dinamis
* keseimbangan ekologi
* keseimbangan energi
* keseimbangan nitrogen
* keseimbangan pasar
* keseimbangan putar
* keseimbangan statis
* keseimbangan termodinamika lokal
* keseimbangan tubuh

### Further reading

* “keseimbangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

seimbang +‎ ke- -an

### Noun

keseimbangan (Jawi spelling کسأيمبڠن, plural keseimbangan-keseimbangan, informal 1st possessive keseimbanganku, 2nd possessive keseimbanganmu, 3rd possessive keseimbangannya)
* balance, equilibrium

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: keseimbangan

### Further reading

* “keseimbangan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Lingshan
## English
### Etymology

From Mandarin 靈山 / 灵山 (Língshān).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: lǐngʹshänʹ

### Proper noun

Lingshan
* A county of Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “Lingshan”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World‎, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 1059, column 2

### Further reading

* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Lingshan”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1746, column 1
# facultad
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fakulˈtad/ [fa.kul̪ˈt̪að̞]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ad
* Syllabification: fa‧cul‧tad

### Etymology 1

From Latin facultās (“skill, ability”).

#### Noun

facultad f (plural facultades)
* school, college, department
    Synonym: facu
* power, authority, right
    Synonyms: poder, autoridad
* ability, gift
    Synonyms: abilidad, don
* strength
    Synonyms: fuerza, ñeque

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

facultad
* second-person plural imperative of facultar

### Further reading

* “facultad”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# מדביר
## Hebrew

* Root
* ד־ב־ר (d-b-r)
* 13 terms

### Noun

מַדְבִּיר • (madbír) m (plural indefinite מדבירים)
* exterminator
* pesticide

### References

* “מדביר” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# sublar
## Dalmatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sūbilāre, from Latin sībilāre.

### Verb

sublar
* to whistle

### References

* Bartoli, Matteo (1906) Il Dalmatico: Resti di un’antica lingua romanza parlata da Veglia a Ragusa e sua collocazione nella Romània appenino-balcanica, Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, published 2000, page 223

## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* sebló (Beaujolais)
* seblô, sublô (Bressan)
* sibla (Dauphinois)
* subler (jrs)
* subló (Lyonnais)
* subier (Neuchâtelois)
* sublê (Piemontais)
* soblâ, sublâ (Savoyard)
* seublé (Valdôtain)
* subllar (ORB, narrow)
** chubyâ (Fribourgeois)
** subià (Piemontais)

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sūbilāre, from Latin sībilāre.

### Verb

sublar (ORB, broad)
* to whistle

#### Derived terms

* sublèt

### References

* siffler in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* sublar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 752: “fischiare; fischia” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 1231: “siffler” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sībĭlare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 11: S–Si, page 565
# 消導藥
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāodǎoyào
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄉㄠˇ ㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāodǎoyào
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄉㄠˇ ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaodǎoyào
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-tao$^3$-yao$^4$
*** Yale: syāu-dǎu-yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaudaoyaw
*** Palladius: сяодаояо (sjaodaojao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

消導藥
* (traditional Chinese medicine) digestants; Materia medica that helps in the digestion of food

#### Synonyms

* 消食藥／消食药 (xiāoshíyào)

#### Hyponyms

* 山楂 (shānzhā) (Scientific name: fructus crataegi)
* 神曲 (shénqǔ) (Scientific name: massa fermentata medicinalis)
* 萊菔子 / 莱菔子 (láifúzǐ) (Scientific name: semen raphani)
* 谷芽 (gǔyá) (Scientific name: fructus oryzae germinatus)
* 雞内金 (Scientific name: endothelium corneum gigeriae galli)
* 麥芽 / 麦芽 (màiyá) (Scientific name: fructus hordei germinatus)

#### See also

* 藥材／药材 (yàocái)
# ketahanan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed tahan +‎ ke- -an, from Malay ketahanan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kətaˈhanan/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: kê‧ta‧han‧an

### Noun

kêtahanan (plural ketahanan-ketahanan)
* durability
* resilience
* resistance
    Synonym: resistansi

#### Derived terms

* ketahanan aerobik
* ketahanan budaya
* ketahanan gizi
* ketahanan keluarga
* ketahanan nasional
* ketahanan pangan

### Further reading

* “ketahanan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

tahan +‎ ke- -an

### Noun

ketahanan (Jawi spelling کتاهنن, plural ketahanan-ketahanan, informal 1st possessive ketahananku, 2nd possessive ketahananmu, 3rd possessive ketahanannya)
* durability

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: ketahanan

### Further reading

* “ketahanan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# מרדנות
## Hebrew

* Root
* מ־ר־ד (m-r-d)
* 4 terms
From Proto-Semitic *marad- (“to fortify, to set up resistance; to escape, to find a means to get away; to leave one's people, to branch off or split from a group”). Cognate with Arabic تمرد (tamarrada), Aramaic מִרְדָּא (mirdā), Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܐ (merdā), Classical Mandaic ࡌࡉࡓࡃࡀ (MYRDʾ).

### Noun

מַרְדָנוּת • (mardanút) f
* rebelliousness

### References

* “מרדנות” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# gouardar
## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* gardar (Old Beaujolais)
* gardé, gardè, gârdé, gardô (Bressan)
* gadger (Comtois)
* vouèrdâ (Fribourgeois)
* garda (Genevois)
* garder (Neuchâtelois)
* vardà, vardê (Piemontais)
* vardé (Valdôtain)

### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.

### Verb

gouardar
* to guard

### References

* garder in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* gouardar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 626: “garder” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*wardôn”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 510
# νόσῳ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nó.sɔːi̯/ → /ˈno.so/ → /ˈno.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /nó.sɔːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈno.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈno.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈno.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈno.so/

### Noun

νόσῳ • (nósōi)
* dative singular of νόσος (nósos)
# rūgštus
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

* Compare Latvian rūgts (“bitter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ruːkʃˈt̪ʊs̪]

### Adjective

rūgštùs m (stress pattern: 3)
* sour
    rūgštus skonis - a sour taste

#### Derived terms

* rūgštėti
* rūgštinti
* rūgštynė f

#### Related terms

* (adverb) rūgščiai
* (noun) rūgštis f

### References

* ↑ “rūgštus” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
# βρῶμος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Unknown. The word has been supposed to be identical with βρόμος (brómos, “loud noise”) (with hypothetical semantic development "emanating noise" > "emanating smell"), and, within modern Greek, has apparently been folk-etymologically conflated with it (see βρόμικος (vrómikos, “dirty, stinky”) for more).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɔ̂ː.mos/ → /ˈβro.mos/ → /ˈvro.mos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /brɔ̂ː.mos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈbro.mos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈβro.mos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈvro.mos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈvro.mos/

### Noun

βρῶμος • (brômos) m (genitive βρώμου); second declension
* stink, stench, noisome smell

#### Derived terms

* βρωμέω (brōméō)
* βρωμώδης (brōmṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* → French: brome (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βρῶμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 246

### Further reading

* “βρῶμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* βρῶμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* βρῶμος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
# -aar
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, which in Proto-Germanic times was borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er and -der.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːr/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-aar m (feminine -ares)
* Alternative form of -er (used chiefly after unstressed syllables, with occasional exceptions such as leraar, winnaar)
** someone who practices the action signified by the verb, the stem of which the suffix has been appended onto
** something with which one can implement the action signified by the verb, the stem of which the suffix has been appended onto
** tree of a particular type, appended to nouns denoting trees or the products or parts of trees

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ A. van Loey (1970) Schönfeld’s Historische Grammatica van het Nederlands (in Dutch), 8. druk, Zutphen, →ISBN, § 175
# diplomiĝas
## Esperanto
### Verb

diplomiĝas
* present of diplomiĝi
# קבץ
## Hebrew

* Root
* ק־ב־ץ (q-b-ts)
* 9 terms

### Etymology

Cognate to Arabic قَبَضَ (qabaḍa)

### Verb

קָבַץ • (kaváts) (pa'al construction)
* to gather, to collect,
* to group

#### Conjugation
### Verb

קִבֵּץ • (kibéts) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of קיבץ

#### Derived terms

* קיבוץ / קִבּוּץ (kibútz)

### Noun

קֹבֶץ • (kóvets) m
* defective spelling of קובץ

### References

* H6908 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* “קבץ” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# féta
## Franco-Provençal
### Alternative forms

* festa (Old Beaujolais)
** féte (Beaujolais)
* fé̱ta (Bressan)
* festa (Old Dauphinois)
* feita (Genevois)
* feta (Piemontais)
* feita (Valaisan)
* fita (Valdôtain)
* fita (Vaudois)
* fétha (ORB, narrow)
** fitha (Fribourgeois)
** fêha (Valdôtain)

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin festa.

### Noun

féta f (plural fétes) (ORB, broad)
* celebration, party

#### Derived terms

* fétar

### References

* fête in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* féta in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 771: “la festa” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 556: “la fête” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fĕsta”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 482

## Kómnzo
### Numeral

féta
* thirty-six; six times six (6$^2$)

### Further reading

* Christian Döhler, A dictionary of Kómnzo (3rd edition)
# νόσον
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nó.son/ → /ˈno.son/ → /ˈno.son/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /nó.son/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈno.son/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈno.son/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈno.son/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈno.son/

### Noun

νόσον • (nóson)
* accusative singular of νόσος (nósos)
# بۊن
## Southern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /byən/

### Verb

بۊن (bün)
* to be
* to be + noun/adjective

#### Conjugation
### Verb

بۊن (bün)
* to be somewhere

#### Conjugation
### Verb

بۊن (bün)
* to become

#### Conjugation
### Derived terms

* شەکەت بۊن (şeket bün)
# commodity diplomacy
## English
### Noun

commodity diplomacy (uncountable)
* (diplomacy) Diplomatic relations, by controlling trade to affect other goals, such as using trade barriers to influence the implementation of amenable foreign political decisions.
* (trade) Trade relation diplomacy concerning a commodity in international markets and international trade.

#### Related terms

* commodity
* diplomacy
* gunboat diplomacy
* hostage diplomacy
* panda diplomacy
* ping-pong diplomacy
# պատարագ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian պատարագ (patarag).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑtɑˈɾɑkʰ/, [pɑtɑɾɑ́kʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑdɑˈɾɑk/, [bɑdɑɾɑ́kʰ]

### Noun

պատարագ • (patarag)
* Divine Liturgy, mass

#### Descendants

* → Udi: пӏатӏаракӏ (ṗaṭaraḳ), пӏатӏарак (ṗaṭarak)

## Old Armenian
### Noun

պատարագ • (patarag)
* Divine Liturgy, Mass

#### Derived terms

* պատարագամատոյց (pataragamatoycʻ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: պատարագ (patarag)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պատարագ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “պատարագ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “պատարագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# diplomiĝantoj
## Esperanto
### Verb

diplomiĝantoj
* plural present nominal active participle of diplomiĝi
# נידון
## Hebrew

* Root
* ד־ו־ן (d-w-n)
* 3 terms

### Verb

נידון / נִדּוֹן • (nidón) (nif'al construction)
* to be sentenced

### References

* “נידון” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# nykštys
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Cognate with Latvian îkšķis, îkstis (“thumb”), Old Prussian instixs (“thumb”). The form inkštys is attested in the writings of Jonas Bretkūnas, but his mother was a native speaker of Old Prussian, casting doubt on its Lithuanian authenticity.
Possible etymologies for the Baltic term include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *enḱ- (“reach, attain, grab, carry”) (Sanskrit अंश (aṃśa, “part”)), Proto-Indo-European *onḱ- (Ancient Greek ὀγκόω (onkóō, “swell”), ὄγκος (ónkos, “bulk, mass”)), as conjectured by Toporov and Hilmarsson. According to Hilmarsson, the PIE reconstruction could be *h₁n̥- h₁n̥ḱ-ti-, and the Proto-Baltic term could be *inn(k)šti- or *nin(k)šti-.
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“reach”), according to Derksen. The initial n- must have been lost in Latvian and Old Prussian under this theory.
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂id- (“swell”) (cognate with Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō), Proto-Germanic *aitaz), with secondary -n- and intrusive k . By analogy with the derivation of English thumb from Proto-Indo-European *tūm- (“to grow”), cf. Latin tumēre
Similarities with Lithuanian ìnkstas (“kidney”) and its cognates have been noted, and some have proposed those words either influenced the word for "thumbs" or share an etymology.

### Noun

nykštỹs m (plural nykščiaĩ) stress pattern 3
* thumb

#### Declension
### References

* “nykštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “nykštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
* “inkštys”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
* Derksen, Rick (2015) “nykštys”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
* Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 188
* Jörundur Hilmarsson (1983) “The words for "thumb" in Baltic”, in Baltistica, volume 19, number 2, →DOI
* Derksen, Rick (1996) Metatony In Baltic (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 6), Amsterdam: Rodopi, page 261
# νύμφας
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ným.pʰaːs/ → /ˈnym.ɸas/ → /ˈnim.fas/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ným.pʰaːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈnym.pʰas/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈnym.ɸas/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈnym.fas/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈnim.fas/

### Noun

νῠ́μφᾱς • (nŭ́mphās)
* accusative plural of νῠ́μφη (nŭ́mphē)