# 銃

| 銃 | U+9283, &#37507; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9283 |
| ← 銂 [U+9282] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 銄 → [U+9284] |

## Translingual
### Han character

銃 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金卜戈山 (CYIU) or 難難金卜戈 (XXCYI), four-corner 8011$_3$, composition ⿰釒充)

#### Derived characters

* 𧀏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1304, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40359
* Dae Jaweon: page 1806, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4202, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9283

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 統 | *tʰuːŋs |
| 充 | *l̥ʰjuŋ |
| 珫 | *tʰjuŋ |
| 茺 | *tʰjuŋ |
| 銃 | *tʰjuŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjuŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chòng (chong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhung
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ché̤ṳng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): coeng$^5$ / cyeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chòng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^4$
*** Yale: chùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chonq
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^3$
*** Yale: chung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhung
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ché̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰøyŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: coeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèng
*** Tâi-lô: tshìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhexng
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰeŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshèng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 銃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 充仲切 |
| Baxter | tsyhuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰuwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjuŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 銃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1494 |
| Phonetic component | 充 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 銃 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjuŋs/ |

### Definitions

銃
* blunderbuss
* (Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 槍, 槍械, 槍支 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 槍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 槍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 槍 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 槍 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 槍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 槍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 槍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 槍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 槍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 槍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 槍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 槍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 槍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 槍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 槍 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 槍, 炮, 鐵 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 槍 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 槍 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 槍 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 槍 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 槍 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 槍 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 槍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 銃仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 銃仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 銃仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 銃 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 銃 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 銃 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 槍 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 槍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 槍 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 槍 |
| Jin | Linhe | 槍 |
| Jin | Jining | 槍 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 槍 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 槍 |
| Jin | Handan | 槍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 槍, 銃 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 槍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 銃, 銃支 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 銃, 銃支 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 銃 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 銃, 銃支 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 銃 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 銃 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 銃 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 銃, 銃支 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 銃 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 槍 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 銃, 槍 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 槍 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 銃 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 銃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 槍 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 槍 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 槍 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 槍 |
| Wu | Danyang | 槍 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 槍 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 槍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 槍 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 槍 |

### Compounds

* 出銃 / 出铳
* 吹銃 / 吹铳
* 夢夢銃銃 / 梦梦铳铳
* 手銃 / 手铳 (shǒuchòng)
* 打瞌銃 / 打瞌铳
* 拳銃 / 拳铳
* 放手銃 / 放手铳
* 機關銃 / 机关铳
* 火銃 / 火铳 (huǒchòng)
* 炮銃 / 炮铳
* 銃創 / 铳创
* 銃劍 / 铳剑
* 銃子 / 铳子
* 銃殺 / 铳杀
* 飯匙銃 / 饭匙铳
* 鳥嘴銃 / 鸟嘴铳
* 鳥銃 / 鸟铳 (niǎochòng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 銃(じゅう) (jū)
* → Korean: 총(銃) (chong)
* → Vietnamese: súng (銃)
Others:
* → Zhuang: cungq (“gun”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* gun

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)
* Kun: つつ (tsutsu, 銃)

#### Compounds

* 拳(けん)銃(じゅう) (kenjū): handgun
* 小(しょう)銃(じゅう) (shōjū): rifle
* 機(き)関(かん)銃(じゅう) (kikanjū): machine gun
* 銃(じゅう)創(そう) (jūsō): a bullet wound
* 銃(じゅう)傷(しょう) (jūshō): a bullet wound
* 銃(じゅう)撃(げき) (jūgeki): shooting at someone

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 銃
* じゅう Grade: S
* kan'yōon

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅう [júꜜù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨː]

#### Noun

銃(じゅう) • (jū)
* gun (firearm)
    銃(じゅう)を撃(う)つ
       jū o utsu
       to fire a gun

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 銃
* つつ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

銃(つつ) • (tsutsu)
* gun, firearm
    捧(ささ)げ銃(つつ)
       sasage tsutsu
       present arms
** 1898, Doppo Kunikida, Shikagari [Hunting Deer]‎:
    かれこれするうちに昼時分(ひるじぶん)になったが鹿(しか)らしいものも来(こ)ない、たちまち谷(たに)を一(ひと)つ越(こ)えたすぐむこうの山(やま)の尾(お)で銃(つつ)の音(おと)がしたと思(おも)うと白(しろ)い煙(けむ)が見(み)えた。
       Karekore suru uchi ni hirujibun ni natta ga shika rashii mono mo konai, tachimachi tani o hitotsu koeta sugu mukō no yama no o de tsutsu no oto ga shita to omou to shiroi kemu ga mieta.
       Before I knew it, it was noon, and yet nothing even resembling a deer revealed itself. We quickly crossed a valley and then, just beyond the mountaintop, on the other side, I thought I heard the sound of a gunshot, and that was when I saw the white smoke.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

銃 • (chong) (hangeul 총)
* gun, rifle, firearm

## Vietnamese
### Han character

銃: Hán Nôm readings: súng, xúng
* gun, firearm

### References

* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn Quốc Hùng (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).