# craos
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish cráes (“maw, mouth, gullet; gluttony, excessive eating”), possibly related to crosán (“jester, satirist, reciter”, literally “cross-bearer”), which was borrowed into Welsh croesan. Or, from Proto-Celtic *kraɸestus, a late borrowing from Latin crapula (“drunkenness”) and Ancient Greek κραιπάλη (kraipálē, “hangover”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /kɾˠeːsˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /kɾˠiːsˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /kɾˠiːsˠ/, (older) /kɾˠɯːsˠ/

### Noun

craos m (genitive singular craois, nominative plural craois)
* gullet; maw
* deep opening, (geology) vent
* breech (of gun)
* gluttony, voracity

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
craos
craois
vocative
a chraois
a chraosa
genitive
craois
craos
dative
craos
craois
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an craos
na craois
genitive
an chraois
na gcraos
dative
leis an gcraos don chraos
leis na craois :

#### Derived terms

* craos foirnéise (“throat of furnace”)
* craosach (“open-mouthed; voracious”)
* craosaire (“glutton”)
* craosán (“gullet; gorge; deep rut, gully”)
* craosbhloc (“breech-block”)
* craosdeamhan (“demon of gluttony”)
* craosfholc (“gargle”, transitive verb)
* craosghalar (“thrush”)
* craoslódáil (“breech-loading”)
* craoslongadh (“voracious eating, gluttony”)

#### Related terms

* craosaireacht (“voraciousness, gluttony”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “croesan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “craos”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “craos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “craos”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “craos”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cráes”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish cráes (“maw, mouth, gullet; gluttony, excessive eating”), possibly related to crosán (“jester, satirist, reciter”, literally “cross-bearer”), which was borrowed into Welsh croesan. Or, from Proto-Celtic *kraɸestus, a late borrowing from Latin crapula (“drunkenness”) and Ancient Greek κραιπάλη (kraipálē, “hangover”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɾɯːs̪/

### Noun

craos m (genitive singular craois, plural craosan)
* mouth (animal)
* (derogatory) mouth (human); maw, gob
* gluttony

#### Derived terms

* craosach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “croesan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “craos”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cráes”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language