# 老人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǎorén
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lou$^5$ jan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lau$^2$ ngin$^3$ / lau$^2$ ngin$^{3*}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ló-ngìn
* Northern Min (KCR): sē-nêng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lâu-nè̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lāu-lâng / lǎu-lâng / ló-jîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lao$^2$ nang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lau-gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǎorén
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǎorén
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^3$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: lǎu-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laoren
*** Palladius: лаожэнь (laožɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^5$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: lóuh yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^5$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^5$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯¹³ jɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lau$^2$ ngin$^3$ / lau$^2$ ngin$^{3*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /lau⁵⁵ ᵑɡin²²/, /lau⁵⁵ ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ló-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: lo$^ˋ$ ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lo$^3$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lo³¹ ŋin¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sē-nêng
*** Sinological IPA : /se⁵⁵ neiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lâu-nè̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāu-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: lāu-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lauxlaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lau³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /lau²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǎu-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: lǎu-lâng
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /lau³³⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Nan'an): /lau²² laŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ló-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: ló-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loyjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/
* lāu-lâng - colloquial;
* ló-jîn - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lawX nyin
Rime :
| Character | 老 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 盧晧切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | lawX | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /law$^X$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑu$^X$/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǎo | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^5$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 老 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǎo | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ law$^X$ › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.rˁuʔ/ | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | old | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 老 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7666 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 老 | 人 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 老 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*ruːʔ/ | /*njin/ |

### Noun

老人
* old person; the old; the elderly
       Tā de fùqīn kànqilai shì yī wèi jīngshén juéshuò de lǎorén. [Pinyin]
       His father looks like a sprightly old man.
       Cóng lǎorén yīzhí dào xiǎohái wúbù huānxīngǔwǔ. [Pinyin]
       Everyone from the elderly to the children rejoiced.
* elder

#### Synonyms

* (old person):
* 家先生 (Hakka, polite, term of address)
* 老人家 (polite, term of address)
* 老大人 (Hokkien, polite, term of address)
* 老年人 (lǎoniánrén)
* 老者 (lǎozhě) (literary)
* 黃髮 / 黄发 (huángfà) (literary)
* (elder):
* 上一代 (shàng yīdài)
* 上輩 / 上辈 (shàngbèi)
* 先輩 / 先辈 (xiānbèi)
* 前輩 / 前辈 (qiánbèi)
* 老勻 / 老匀 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 老輩 / 老辈 (lǎobèi)
* 長輩 / 长辈 (zhǎngbèi)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “elder”):
* 下一代 (xià yīdài)
* 下勻 / 下匀 (Hokkien)
* 下輩 / 下辈 (xiàbèi)
* 小輩子 / 小辈子 (xiao$^3$ bei$^4$ zi$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 序細 / 序细 (Hokkien)
* 後輩 / 后辈 (hòubèi)
* 晚輩 / 晚辈 (wǎnbèi)
* 細輩 / 细辈 (soi$^3$ buê$^3$) (Teochew)

#### Derived terms

* 不聽老人言，吃虧在眼前 / 不听老人言，吃亏在眼前 (bùtīng lǎorén yán, chīkuī zài yǎnqián)
* 老人失智症 (lǎorén shīzhìzhèng)
* 老人家
* 老人星 (Lǎorénxīng)
* 老人機 / 老人机 (lǎorénjī)
* 老人毋講古，少年毋捌寶 / 老人毋讲古，少年毋捌宝
* 老人贍養 / 老人赡养 (lǎorén shànyǎng)
* 耶誕老人 / 耶诞老人 (Yēdàn Lǎorén)
* 聖誕老人 / 圣诞老人 (Shèngdàn Lǎorén)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 老人(ろうじん) (rōjin)
* → Korean: 노인(老人) (noin)

#### See also

* 老一輩／老一辈 (lǎoyībèi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 老 | 人 |
| ろう Grade: 4 | じん Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Probably borrowed from Chinese”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ろーじん [ròójíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾo̞ːʑĩɴ]

### Noun

老(ろう)人(じん) • (rōjin)
* old person; elderly

#### Synonyms

* 老(ろう)者(しゃ) (rōsha)
* 年(とし)寄(よ)り (toshiyori)
* 古(こ)老(ろう) (korō)

#### Derived terms

* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい) (rōjinsei, “senile”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)福(ふく)祉(し) (rōjin fukushi, “welfare for the aged”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)医(い)学(がく) (rōjin igaku, “geriatrics”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)学(がく) (rōjingaku, “gerontology​”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)福(ふく)祉(し)施(し)設(せつ) (rōjin fukushishisetsu, “retirement home”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい)白(はく)内(ない)障(しょう) (rōjinsei hakunaishō, “senile cataract”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)ホーム (rōjin hōmu, “nursing home”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)斑(はん) (rōjinhan, “senile plaque”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)施(し)設(せつ) (rōjin shisetsu, “old folks' home”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)介(かい)護(ご) (rōjin kaigo, “elderly care”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)問(もん)題(だい) (rōjin mondai, “problems of the elderly; problems of an aging society”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)保(ほ)健(けん)施(し)設(せつ) (rōjin hokenshisetsu, “rehabilitation facility for the elderly​”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)病(びょう) (rōjinbyō, “geriatric diseases”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)医(い)療(りょう) (rōjin iryō, “geriatrics”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)病(びょう)院(いん) (rōjin byōin, “geriatric hospital”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)福(ふく)祉(し)法(ほう) (rōjin fukushihō, “elderly welfare law”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)医(い)療(りょう)保(ほ)険(けん) (rōjin iryōhoken, “medical insurance for the elderly”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)力(りょく) (rōjinryoku, “grey power”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい)痴(ち)呆(ほう) (rōjinsei chihō, “senile dementia”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい)痴(ち)呆(ほう)症(しょう) (rōjinsei chihōshō, “senile dementia”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい)認(にん)知(ち)症(しょう) (rōjinsei ninchishō, “senile dementia”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)遺(い)棄(き) (rōjin iki, “abandoning old people in the mountains, etc.​”)
* 老(ろう)人(じん)性(せい)愛(あい) (rōjin seiai, “gerontophilia​”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 老 | 人 |

### Noun

老人 • (noin) (hangeul 노인)
* hanja form of 노인 (“old person, elderly”)