# この
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 此の 斯の
Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements こ (ko, “this”, pronoun) +‎ の (no, possessive, modifies following noun). こ as a pronoun is no longer used individually in modern Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) この [kònó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞no̞]

#### Adnominal

この • (kono)
* (deictically) this ... (near the speaker)
    この車(くるま)は緑(みどり)です。
       Kono kuruma wa midori desu.
       This car is green.
* (anaphorically) this ... I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
* used before words for insults to add emphasis; compare Chinese 這／这 (zhè, “this”) and Vietnamese này (“this”)
    この馬(ば)鹿(か)！
       Kono baka!
       You idiot!
       (literally, “This idiot!”)
    このボケ！
       Kono boke!
       You halfwit!
* I, me: used before one's own name to refer to oneself arrogantly
** 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第60話　少女の決意 (Dai Rokujū Wa: Shōjo no Ketsui) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド (Tōkyō Andāguraundo) [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
    これがこの赤(セキ)を師(スー)兵(ペイ)の頂(ちょう)点(てん)たらしめる炎(ほのお)だッ!!!我(が)龍(りゅう)双(そう)煉(れん)掌(しょう)
       Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō
       This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

##### Usage notes

* This term can only be used when followed by a noun or noun phrase. It cannot be used as a standalone pronoun. Examples:
** Correct:
    この色(いろ)が好(す)きです。 ― Kono iro ga suki desu. ― I like this color.
*** A noun follows kono.
** Incorrect:
    このが好(す)きです。 ― Kono ga suki desu. ― I like this ...
*** There must be a noun in place of the "...", as this is the adnominal, or attributive form, incapable of standing independently.
*** Using kono in this way is comparable to using English the without a noun after it (*I like the.).
** Correct:
    これが好(す)きです。 ― Kore ga suki desu. ― I like this.
*** A pronoun is used in the stead of the attributive, resulting in the desired meaning of 'this', with no verbal reference present nor required as to the identity of the object.
* Almost always spelled in hiragana as この.

##### Related terms

* その (sono): that ... (near speaker)
* あの (ano): that ... (near listener)
* どの (dono): which
* これ (kore): this one
* ここ (koko): here
* こちら (kochira): this direction

##### See also

| | ko- “this” (close to speaker) | so- “that” (close to listener) | a- “that over there” (far from both) | do- “which” (indeterminate, question) |
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| Object | これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| Determiner | これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| Kind | こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| Place | こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) |
| Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| Direction / Human | こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) |
| Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu)$^†$ | そいつ (soitsu)$^†$ | あいつ (aitsu)$^†$ | どいつ (doitsu)$^†$ |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
| Degree | これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) |
| Degree | これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) † potentially rude or derogatory |||||

### Etymology 2

/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of Old Japanese kokono (“nine”).

#### Alternative forms

* 九

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) この [kóꜜnò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞no̞]

#### Number

この • (kono)
* (dated) nine
    ひい、ふう、みい、よう、いつ、むう、なな、やあ、この、とお。
       Hī, fū, mī, yō, itsu, mū, nana, yā, kono, tō.
       One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.

##### Usage notes

Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.

##### Synonyms

* ここのつ (kokonotsu)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN