# 自主
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìzhǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ zyu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chū-chú / chīr-chú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ze$^6$ zu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìzhǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhjhǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-chu$^3$
*** Yale: dz̀-jǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhjuu
*** Palladius: цзычжу (czyčžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ zyu$^2$
*** Yale: jih jyú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ dzy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ ju$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tsū-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuxzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tsīr-tsú
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ze$^6$ zu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ tsú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/

### Verb

自主
* to take the initiative; to act autonomously; to have self-determination
    自主創業／自主创业 ― zìzhǔ chuàngyè ― self-employment

#### Derived terms

* 不由自主 (bùyóuzìzhǔ)
* 獨立自主 / 独立自主 (dúlìzìzhǔ)
* 自主創新 / 自主创新 (zìzhǔ chuàngxīn)
* 自主權 / 自主权 (zìzhǔquán)
* 自主神經系統 / 自主神经系统 (zìzhǔ shénjīng xìtǒng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 自主(じしゅ) (jishu)
* → Korean: 자주(自主) (jaju)
* → Vietnamese: tự chủ (自主)

### Adjective

自主
* (medicine, attributive) autonomic

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 主 |
| じ Grade: 2 | しゅ Grade: 3 |
| goon | kan'on |

### Etymology

Appeared in 英和対訳袖珍辞書 (“A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language”) of 1862.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じしゅ [jíꜜshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑiɕɨ]

### Noun

自(じ)主(しゅ) • (jishu)
* autonomy, independence
    Synonyms: 自立 (jiritsu), 独立 (dokuritsu)

#### Antonyms

* 隷(れい)従(じゅう) (reijū, “servility, servitude”)

#### Derived terms

* 自(じ)主(しゅ)管(かん)理(り) (jishu kanri)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)規(き)制(せい) (jishu kisei)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)権(けん) (jishuken)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)財(ざい)源(げん) (jishu zaigen)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)性(せい) (jishusei)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)占(せん)有(ゆう) (jishu sen'yū)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)的(てき) (jishuteki, “autonomous”)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)独(どく)往(おう) (jishu dokuō)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)トレ (jishu tore)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)法(ほう) (jishuhō)
* 自(じ)主(しゅ)流(りゅう)通(つう)米(まい) (jishu ryūtsūmai)

### References

* ↑ “自主”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Hori, Tatsunosuke (1862) 英和対訳袖珍辞書‎, Edo: Yōsho Shirabesho, page 315
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 自 | 主 |

### Noun

自主 • (jaju) (hangeul 자주)
* hanja form of 자주 (“independence; autonomy”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 自 | 主 |

### Verb

自主
* chữ Hán form of tự chủ (“to be in possession of oneself; to self-control”).

### Adjective

自主
* chữ Hán form of tự chủ (“independent; self-supporting”).