# 蜥蜴
## Chinese

* 蜥蜴

### Etymology

Dimunitive reduplication (Sun, 1999).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sik$^1$ jik$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit-thit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sek-e̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siyì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$-i$^4$
*** Yale: syī-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiyih
*** Palladius: сии (sii)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^1$ jik$^6$
*** Yale: sīk yihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^7$ jik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^1$ yig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚⁵ jɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit-thit
*** Hakka Romanization System: xid$^ˋ$ tid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xid$^5$ tid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sit̚² tʰit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-e̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sik-i̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sek'ek
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sek yek
Rime :
| Character | 蜥 | 蜴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 先擊切 | 羊益切 |
| Baxter | sek | yek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sek̚/ | /jiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sek̚/ | /jiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛk̚/ | /iæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛjk̚/ | /jiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /sek̚/ | /iɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /siek̚/ | /jĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siek̚/ | /i̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^1$ | jik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*seːɡ leɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蜴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yek › |
| Old Chinese | /*lek/ |
| English | lizard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜥 | 蜴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13318 | 15036 |
| Phonetic component | 析 | 易 |
| Rime group | 錫 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 錫 | 繹 |
| Old Chinese | /*seːɡ/ | /*leɡ/ |

### Noun

蜥蜴
* lizard (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 隻／只 m c)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蜥蜴 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蜥蜴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蜥蜴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蜥蜴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蜥蜴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 馬蛇子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 馬蛇子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蛇立子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 大頭蠍虎子, 蠍虎子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 麻蛇子, 蜥蜴, 四腳蛇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 四腳蛇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 四腳蛇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 草龍, 四腳蛇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 四腳蛇 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 四腳蛇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蜥蜴 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 四腳蛇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 四腳蛇 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 旋官 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 狗貓蛇, 狗尾巴蛇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 四腳蛇, 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 簷蛇 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Changting | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 伯公蛇 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 田坎蛇 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 狗婆蛇 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 狗婆蛇子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 田坎蛇, 狗尾蛇 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 狗婆蛇 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 狗嫲蛇, 山狗太 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 狗嫲蛇, 山狗太, 大頭確 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 狗嫲蛇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 狗嫲蛇, 山狗太 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 狗嫲蛇, 山狗太 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 狗嫲蛇, 山狗太 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 赤龍公, 死頭確 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 纏龍 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 蛇次兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蛇獅哥, 蛇獅子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 四跤蛇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 杜墊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 四跤杜定, 杜定, 四跤蛇 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 土地公蛇, 四跤媽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 四跤蛇 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 土地公蛇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 四跤杜定, 杜定, 四跤蛇, 四跤杜豬, 杜豬 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 杜仲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 四跤仔杜定 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 四跤杜定, 四跤蛇仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 四跤蛇, 蟮蟲仔蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 杜定, 四跤仔蛇, 咕咕公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 杜定, 狗母仔蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 四跤蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 戶橂蛇仔, 五國公仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 四跤蛇仔, 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 竹虎, 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 四跤蛇, 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 杜定, 狗母蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 杜定 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 四跤蛇 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 四跤蛇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 四腳蛇 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 四腳蛇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 四腳蛇 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 四腳蛇 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 四腳蛇 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蛇鰍 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 山鰍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 四腳蛇 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 四腳蛇, 雞婆蛇 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 狗婆蛇 |

#### Derived terms

* 變色蜥蜴 / 变色蜥蜴 (biànsè xīyì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蜥 | 蜴 |
| とかげ ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 石竜子 蝘蜓 蜥蝪 戸陰

### Etymology

Likely a compound of 戸 (to, “door”) + 陰 (kage, “shadow”), possibly from the notion that the lizards live in the shade of doors, or that they live in shadow, especially when indoors, or are thought to be crawling on doors and their dark coloring can be mistaken for their shadow. (Can this etymology be sourced?) Alternatively, perhaps from 疾隠 (toku kakure “quickly hiding”) or 敏駆 (tokake “nimble runner”).
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蜥蜴 (xīyì).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とかげ [tòkágé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ka̠ɡe̞]

### Noun

蜥蜴(とかげ) or 蜥蜴(トカゲ) • (tokage)
* a skink (lizard of family Scincidae)
    Synonym: スキンク (sukinku)
* (by extension) any lizard
    Synonym: リザード (rizādo)
** 1999 July 22, “鎧蜥蜴(アーマー・リザード) [Armor Lizard]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
    かたい体(からだ)のトカゲ。大(おお)きな口(くち)で噛(か)みつかれたら、ひとたまりもないぞ。
       Katai karada no tokage. Ōkina kuchi de kamitsukaretara, hitotamari mo nai zo.
       A lizard with a hard body. He bites off things easily with his huge mouth.
** 1999 July 22, “古(こ)代(だい)のトカゲ戦(せん)士(し) [Ancient Lizard Warrior]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
    太(たい)古(こ)の、昔(むかし)の姿(すがた)そのままのトカゲの戦(せん)士(し)。意(い)外(がい)に強(つよ)いぞ。
       Taiko no, mukashi no sugata sono mama no tokage no senshi. Igai ni tsuyoi zo.
       This lizard warrior looks as ancient as he ever has since time immemorial. He is also surprisingly strong.
** 2000 April 1, “ワイバーンの戦(せん)士(し) [Wyvern Warrior]”, in LIMITED EDITION 2, Konami:
    剣(けん)技(ぎ)にすぐれたトカゲ人(にん)間(げん)。音(おと)の速(はや)さで剣(けん)をふるう。
       Kengi ni sugureta tokage ningen. Oto no hayasa de ken o furuu.
       A lizard man who excels at swordsmanship. He swings his sword at sound speed.

#### Derived terms

* 蜥蜴(とかげ)色(いろ) (tokage-iro)
* とかげ座(ざ), 蜥蜴(とかげ)座(ざ) (Tokage-za, “Lacerta”)
* 青(アオ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (ao tokage)
* 足無(アシナシ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (ashinashi tokage)
* 海(ウミ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (umi tokage)
* 襟巻(エリマキ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (erimaki tokage, “frilled lizard”)
* 大(オオ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (ōtokage, “monitor lizard”)
* 木(キ)登(ノボリ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (kinobori tokage, “Japalura polygonata”)
* 角(ツノ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (tsuno tokage, “horned lizard”)
* 毒(ドク)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (doku tokage, “lizard of genus Heloderma”)
* 飛(トビ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (tobi tokage, “flying dragon”)
* 蚯蚓(ミミズ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (mimizu tokage, “worm lizard”)
* 昔(ムカシ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (mukashi tokage, “tuatara”)
* ヒトカゲ (Hitokage, “Charmander”)

#### Idioms

* 蜥蜴(とかげ)の尻(しっ)尾(ぽ)切(き)り (tokage no shippokiri, “passing the buck to a subordinate”)

#### See also

* 金蛇(カナヘビ), 蛇舅母(カナヘビ) (kanahebi, “lacertid”)
* サラマンダー (saramandā, “salamander”)
* 守宮(ヤモリ) (yamori, “gecko”)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN