# 皆

| 皆 | U+7686, &#30342; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7686 |
| ← 皅 [U+7685] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 皇 → [U+7687] |

## Translingual
### Han character

皆 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心心竹日 (PPHA), four-corner 2160$_1$, composition ⿱比白)

#### Derived characters

* 偕, 勓, 喈, 堦, 揩, 楷, 湝, 瑎, 稭, 蝔, 諧(谐), 鍇(锴), 階, 𩀊, 鶛(𱊐), 龤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 786, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22699
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7686

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皆 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 皆 | *kriːl |
| 偕 | *kriːl |
| 階 | *kriːl |
| 喈 | *kriːl |
| 稭 | *kriːl, *kriːd |
| 堦 | *kriːl |
| 楷 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 鶛 | *kriːl |
| 湝 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 蝔 | *kriːl, *ɡriːl |
| 鍇 | *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ |
| 揩 | *kʰriːl |
| 諧 | *ɡriːl |
| 瑎 | *ɡriːl |
| 龤 | *ɡriːl |
Attested in bronze script as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 比 (“two people; to compare”) + 曰 (“to speak”); to compare several people, hence all. 曰 later corrupts into 白. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen reinterprets this character as a ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 比 + 白.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiē (jie$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jie
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$
*** Yale: jyē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^1$
*** Yale: gāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
*** Tâi-lô: kai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kay
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³/
* Middle Chinese: keaj
Rime :
| Character | 皆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古諧切 |
| Baxter | keaj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛj › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁrij/ |
| English | all |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6415 |
| Phonetic component | 皆 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皆 |
| Old Chinese | /*kriːl/ |

### Definitions

皆
* (literary) all; every; everybody
    自古皆有死 ― zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ ― from of old, everyone is mortal (see 自古皆有死，民無信不立 / 自古皆有死，民无信不立 (zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì))
* (Taiwan) zetta- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 澤 / 泽 (zé) (Mainland China)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 皆, 均, 俱 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 都, 全 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 都 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 都 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 都 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 都, 全 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 都 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 都, 下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 都, 下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 都 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 都, 全 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 都 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 都 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 都 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 都 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 都 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 都 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 都 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 都 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 都 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 都 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 都 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 都 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 都 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 都 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 攏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 都, 全 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 都 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 都 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 攏, 計, 計計 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 到了 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 攏, 攏總, 計 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 攏, 攏總 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 都 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 攏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 攏 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 都 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 儕, 禿 obsolete |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 儕 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 儕, 孩 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 儕 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 儕 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 儕 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 和 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 沃 |
| Wu | Lishui | 都 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 都 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 下, 都 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 下 |

#### Compounds

* 一座皆驚 / 一座皆惊
* 人盡皆知 / 人尽皆知 (rénjìnjiēzhī)
* 俯拾皆是 (fǔshíjiēshì)
* 公私皆辦 / 公私皆办
* 六經皆史 / 六经皆史
* 前功皆棄 / 前功皆弃
* 啼笑皆非 (tíxiàojiēfēi)
* 四大皆空
* 婦孺皆知 / 妇孺皆知 (fùrújiēzhī)
* 有口皆碑 (yǒukǒujiēbēi)
* 每戰皆北 / 每战皆北
* 比比皆是 (bǐbǐjiēshì)
* 比比皆然
* 比肩皆是
* 毛髮皆豎 / 毛发皆竖
* 率皆
* 百堵皆作
* 百念皆灰
* 皆大歡喜 / 皆大欢喜 (jiēdàhuānxǐ)
* 皆是 (jiēshì)
* 皆然
* 皆知 (jiēzhī)
* 盡人皆知 / 尽人皆知 (jìnrénjiēzhī)
* 萬事皆休 / 万事皆休
* 萬馬皆瘖 / 万马皆瘖
* 窮通皆命 / 穷通皆命
* 草木皆兵 (cǎomùjiēbīng)
* 觸目皆是 / 触目皆是
* 連戰皆捷 / 连战皆捷 (liánzhànjiējié)
* 雞犬皆仙 / 鸡犬皆仙

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: みな (mina, 皆, Jōyō)、みんな (minna, 皆)
* Nanori: とも (tomo)、み (mi)、みち (michi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 皆
* みな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry. :
| 【みな】 | [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything |
(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 皆
* みんな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry. :
| 【みんな】 | [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything Alternative spelling 皆んな |
(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 皆
* かい Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 皆 (MC keaj).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

#### Affix

皆(かい) • (kai)
* all; every

## Korean
### Hanja

皆 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

皆: Hán Nôm readings: giai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Zhuang
### Verb

皆
* Sawndip form of gai (“to sell”)