# 棲

| 棲 | U+68F2, &#26866; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68F2 |
| ← 棱 [U+68F1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棳 → [U+68F3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棲 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十中女 (DJLV), four-corner 4594$_4$, composition ⿰木妻)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14980
* Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1229, character 6
* Unihan data for U+68F2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 妻 | *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls |
| 萋 | *sʰiːl |
| 淒 | *sʰiːl |
| 凄 | *sʰiːl |
| 悽 | *sʰiːl |
| 鶈 | *sʰiːl |
| 郪 | *sʰiːl, *sʰil |
| 緀 | *sʰiːl, *sʰiːlʔ |
| 霋 | *sʰiːl |
| 棲 | *siːl |
Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls).

### Etymology 1

See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qī (qi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhe / soe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ci
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^1$
*** Yale: chāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
*** Tâi-lô: tshe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe
*** Tâi-lô: sue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³/
* chhe - literary;
* soe - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit棲 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi³¹/ /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡sʰz̩²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰi³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰei³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰi³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰi³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡si⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰi²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐi⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɐi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐi⁵³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /se⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰe⁵⁵/ ～身 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰi⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰi³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /si²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: sej
Rime :
| Character | 棲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 |
| Baxter | sej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /sei/ |
| Wang Li | /siei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*siːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 棲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sej › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-nˁər/ |
| English | bird"s nest |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9924 |
| Phonetic component | 妻 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 西 |
| Old Chinese | /*siːl/ |

#### Definitions

棲
* to perch
* to roost
* to stay

#### Compounds

* 一枝棲 / 一枝栖
* 依棲 / 依栖
* 偏棲 / 偏栖
* 兩棲 / 两栖 (liǎngqī)
* 兩棲作戰 / 两栖作战
* 兩棲演員 / 两栖演员
* 兩棲部隊 / 两栖部队
* 共棲 / 共栖
* 孤棲 / 孤栖
* 山棲谷飲 / 山栖谷饮
* 幽棲巖谷 / 幽栖岩谷
* 底棲生物 / 底栖生物
* 枝棲 / 枝栖
* 梧棲 / 梧栖 (Wúqī)
* 棲宿 / 栖宿
* 棲屑 / 栖屑
* 棲息 / 栖息 (qīxī)
* 棲息地 / 栖息地 (qīxīdì)
* 棲所 / 栖所 (qīsuǒ)
* 棲梧食竹 / 栖梧食竹
* 棲止 / 栖止
* 棲流所 / 栖流所
* 棲託 / 栖托
* 棲身 / 栖身 (qīshēn)
* 棲遑 / 栖遑
* 棲遁 / 栖遁
* 棲遲 / 栖迟
* 棲霞 / 栖霞 (Qīxiá)
* 盥耳山棲 / 盥耳山栖
* 羈棲 / 羁栖
* 越鳥南棲 / 越鸟南栖
* 雙棲雙宿 / 双栖双宿
* 風餐水棲 / 风餐水栖

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 棲 – see 栖 (“used in 栖栖”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 栖).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* (Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: すむ (sumu, 棲む)

#### Compounds

* 水(すい)棲(せい) (suisei, “aquatic animals; aquatic life”)
* 同(どう)棲(せい) (dōsei, “cohabitation”)
* 陸(りく)棲(せい) (rikusei, “land animals; terrestrial life”)
* 両(りょう)棲(せい)類(るい) (ryōseirui, “amphibians”)

## Korean
### Hanja

棲 (eumhun 깃들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))
* hanja form of 서 (“roost”)

#### Compounds

* 서식 (棲息, seosik, “habitation”)
* 서식지 (棲息地, seosikji, “(ecology) habitat”)
* 양서류 (兩棲類, yangseoryu, “amphibians, amphibia”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棲: Hán Nôm readings: thê
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.