# 돌

| 돌 | U+B3CC, &#46028; HANGUL SYLLABLE DOL |
| Composition: | ㄷ + ㅗ + ㄹ |
| ← 돋 [U+B3CB] | Hangul Syllables | 돍 → [U+B3CD] |
도독돆돇돈돉돊 돋돌돍돎돏돐돑 돒돓돔돕돖돗돘 동돚돛돜돝돞돟 :
| 뎨 ← | → 돠 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 돓〯 (Yale: twǒlh). In turn, from an earlier *tworVk on the basis that a placename element 石 alternates with 珍惡 (MC trin 'ak; OC *trə[n] ʔˤak) in the Samguk Sagi. The final velar plosive is also preserved in some Korean dialects (Can this etymology be sourced?).
Unrelated to Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (cf. Chuvash чул (čul)) and Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun (cf. Mongolian чулуу (čuluu)).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞(ː)ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [돌(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 돌의 / 돌에 / 돌까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

#### Noun

돌 • (dol)
* rock, stone; pebble
* (building) stone
* (colloquial) slow or obtuse person
* (medicine) stone (in the body)
* Clipping of 바둑돌 (badukdol, “(go) Go stone”).
* Clipping of 라이터돌 (raiteodol, “flint”).

##### Alternative forms

* 독 (dok) — dialectal

##### Derived terms

* 공깃돌 (gonggitdol)
* 돌가루 (dolgaru)
* 돌결 (dolgyeol)
* 돌고래 (dolgorae)
* 돌길 (dolgil)
* 돌담 (doldam)
* 돌덩어리 (doldeong'eori)
* 돌덩이 (doldeong'i)
* 돌도끼 (doldokki)
* 돌멩이 (dolmeng'i)
* 돌무덤 (dolmudeom)
* 돌바닥 (dolbadak)
* 돌부리 (dolburi)
* 돌부처 (dolbucheo)
* 돌상 (dolsang)
* 돌서덜 (dolseodeol)
* 돌솥 (dolsot)
* 돌절구 (doljeolgu)
* 돌조각 (doljogak)
* 돌집 (doljip)
* 돌칼 (dolkal)
* 돌팔매 (dolpalmae)
* 돌하르방 (dolhareubang)
* 라이터돌 (raiteodol)
* 막돌 (makdol)
* 맷돌 (maetdol)
* 물돌 (muldol)
* 바둑돌 (badukdol)
* 바윗돌 (bawitdol)
* 벼룻돌 (byeorutdol)
* 벽돌 (byeokdol)
* 부싯돌 (busitdol)
* 섬돌 (seomdol)
* 쇳돌 (soetdol)
* 자갯돌 (jagaetdol)
* 징검돌 (jinggeomdol)

##### See also

* 바위 (bawi)
* 자갈 (jagal)

#### Prefix

Ablaut/harmonic pair :
| Yin-form | 둘 (dul-) |
| Yang-form | 돌 (dol) |
돌— • (dol-)
* (of an animal or plant) wild, uncultivated, bad in quality
* (of a person) incompetent, dysfunctional

##### Derived terms

* 돌계집 (dolgyejip)
* 돌능금 (dolleunggeum)
* 돌무당 (dolmudang)
* 돌미역 (dolmiyeok)
* 돌배 (dolbae)
* 돌조개 (doljogae)
* 돌중 (doljung)
* 돌팥 (dolpat)
* 또라이 (ttorai)

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Eoje naehun, (御製內訓 / 어제내훈), 1475 , as Middle Korean 돐〮 (Yale: twóls). From 돌다 (dolda, “to rotate”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [돌]

#### Noun

돌 • (dol)
* baby's first birthday
    Synonym: 첫돌 (cheotdol)
    돌잔치 ― doljanchi ― first-birthday party

##### Derived terms

* 돌날 (dollal)
* 돌잔치 (doljanchi)
* 돌잡이 (doljabi)
* 첫돌 (cheotdol)

#### Counter

| South Korean Standard Language | 돌 (dol) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 돐 (dol) |
돌 • (dol)
* anniversary
    Synonym: 주년(周年) (junyeon)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English dhole.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [돌]

#### Noun

돌 • (dol)
* (Can we verify this sense?) dhole (Cuon alpinus)

### Etymology 4

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

돌 • (dol)
* 突: dash; clash; sudden; protrusion; penetration, piercing
    (eumhun reading: 갑자기 돌 (gapjagi dol)) (MC reading: 突 (MC dwot|thwot))
* 乭:
** hanja used for transliteration, mainly used in personal names**
    (eumhun reading: 음역자 돌 (eumyeokja dol)) (MC reading: 乭)
* 咄:
    (MC reading: 咄 (MC twot|twat))
* 堗: chimney; a gudeul
    (eumhun reading: 굴뚝 돌 (gulttuk dol)) (MC reading: 堗 (MC dwot))
* 腯:
    (MC reading: 腯 (MC dwot))
* 湥:
    (MC reading: 湥)
* 揬:
    (MC reading: 揬 (MC dwot))
* 柮:
    (MC reading: 柮 (MC twot|dzwat))
* 㐑:
    (MC reading: 㐑)
* 㟮:
    (MC reading: 㟮)
* 㻠:
    (MC reading: 㻠)
* 葖:
    (MC reading: 葖 (MC dwot))
* 迌:
    (MC reading: 迌)
* 㷝:
    (MC reading: 㷝)
* 怢:
    (MC reading: 怢)
* 鶟:
    (MC reading: 鶟 (MC dwot))
* 鍎:
    (MC reading: 鍎 (MC dwot))
* 鼵:
    (MC reading: 鼵 (MC dwot))
* 鈯:
    (MC reading: 鈯 (MC dwot))
* 飿:
    (MC reading: 飿)
* 䃐:
    (MC reading: 䃐)
* 䠈:
    (MC reading: 䠈 (MC thwot))
* 嚉:
    (MC reading: 嚉)

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2005): "The end of the Altaic controversy" [review of Starostin et al. (2003)]. Central Asiatic Journal volume 49, issue 1, pages 111-112.