OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# yoqmoq
## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | ياقماق |
| Cyrillic | ёқмоқ‍ |
| Latin | yoqmoq‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | یاقماق |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɒqˈmɒq/

### Verb

yoqmoq
* to light on fire, to set alight
* (figurative, colloquial, impersonal) to please, to be pleasing
    Bu menga yoqadi. ― I like it. (literally, “It is pleasing to me.”)
# albsi
## Aequian
### Etymology

Cognate to Latin albēnsi; Lindsay suggests it may be a shortening for *albēsi in "syllabic writing".

### Adjective

albsi
* (dative case) Alban (from or relating to a town called Alba)
** 5th to 3rd century BCE, Alba Fucens inscription (inscription 272 in The Italic Dialects, Vol. 1, by Robert Seymour Conway):
    albsi patre to the Alban father(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# cakra
## English
### Noun

cakra (plural cakras)
* Alternative form of chakra

### Anagrams

* Racka, arack

## Balinese
### Romanization

cakra
* Romanization of ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay cakera, cakra, from Classical Malay چکرا (cakera), چکرا (cakra), from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos. Doublet of cakram and siklus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa.k(ə.)ra/
* Hyphenation: ca‧kra

### Noun

cakra
* the wheel.
* a discus or sharp circular missile weapon, especially that of Vishu.
* chakra, spiritual energy nexuses.

#### Synonyms

* cakram

### Further reading

* “cakra” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

cakra
* Romanization of ꦕꦏꦿ

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit चक्र (cakra).

### Noun

cakra (plural cakra-cakra, informal 1st possessive cakraku, 2nd possessive cakramu, 3rd possessive cakranya)
* disc

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa.kra/
* Hyphenation: ca‧kra

### Noun

cakra
* wheel
* discus

#### Derived terms

* añakra
* cinakra
* cinakrakĕn
* macakra 290:7.1
* pañakra
* bhāwacakra
* cakra-paricakra
* cakrabhuwana
* cakrabhāwa
* cakrabyūha
* cakradala
* cakralakṣaṇa
* cakramakah
* cakrapāṇi
* cakrarakṣaka
* cakrasaṅkrānti
* cakrawarti
* cakrawartitanaya
* cakrawartyawān
* cakrawat
* cakrawāka
* cakrawṛddhi
* cakrāsana
* cakrāyudha
* cakrāṅga
* cakrāṅgī
* gaṇacakra
* jyoticakra
* mudracakra
* paracakra
* paricakra
* rathacakra

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿ (cakra)
* → Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (cakra)

### Further reading

* "cakra" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# agistator
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin [Term?].

### Noun

agistator (plural agistators)
* Rare form of agistor.

### References

* “agistator”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* agitators
# cellarer
## English
### Etymology

From cellar +‎ -er.

### Noun

cellarer (plural cellarers)
* The person, usually in a monastery, responsible for providing food and drink
    Synonym: cellarer.

### Anagrams

* recaller
# blood cockle
## English
### Noun

blood cockle (plural blood cockles)
* A clam of species Tegillarca granosa (syn. Anadara granosa) of edible ark clams.
    Synonym: blood clam

#### Translations
### References

* blood cockle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Anadara granosa on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Anadara granosa on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# teachable moment
## English
### Noun

teachable moment (plural teachable moments)
* (education) The time at which learning a topic becomes easiest.
* (figurative, transferred sense) A difficult situation from which one can draw conclusions about unsuccessful techniques, approaches, etc. taken, and handle similar situations differently in the future.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “teachable moment”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
# dayax
## Somali
### Etymology

From Proto-Somaloid *zeyaħ (“moon”). Compare Rendille yeyah.

### Noun

dayax m
* moon

### References

* De Larajasse, E. (1897). Somali-English and English-Somali dictionary (p. 33). DAW-DEH.
* Heine, Bernd (1978) “The Sam languages. A History of Rendille, Boni and Somali”, in Afroasiatic Linguistics, volume 6, number 2, pages 1–93
# ratha
## Irish
### Noun

ratha
* genitive singular of rath

## Kikuyu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾaða/

### Verb

ratha (infinitive kũratha)
* to shoot
    Arathĩte mũrũthi. ― S/he has shot a lion.
* (of celestial bodies) to rise
* to foresee
* to profess

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to rise”): gũthũa

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* irathĩro class 5
* mũratho class 3
(Phrases)
* riũa rĩkĩratha

#### See also

* (to shoot): kũhũra, kũringa
* (to foresee): kũragũra

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* 1 2 “ratha” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.ta/
* Rhymes: -ta
* Homophones: rata, ratā
* Hyphenation: ra‧tha

### Noun

ratha
* chariot, car
* vehicle

#### Derived terms

* aratha-rathan
* maratha
* ardharatha
* atiratha
* dewatāwatararatha
* mahāratha
* samaratha
* śūnyaratha

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)
* → Balinese: ᬭᬣ (rata)

### Further reading

* "ratha" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
* रथ (Devanagari script)
* রথ (Bengali script)
* රථ (Sinhalese script)
* ရထ (Burmese script)
* รถ or ระถะ (Thai script)
* ᩁᨳ (Tai Tham script)
* ຣຖ or ຣະຖະ (Lao script)
* រថ (Khmer script)
* 𑄢𑄗 (Chakma script)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit रथ (rátha), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrót-h₂-os, from *Hret- (“to roll”). Cognate with Latin rota.

#### Noun

ratha m
* a chariot, a car

##### Related terms

* sārathi (“charioteer”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ratha m
* delight, pleasure

##### Derived terms

* manoratha

### References

* Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “ratha”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
# agitatrix
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin agitātrīx, feminine of agitātor. By surface analysis, agitate +‎ -trix.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /æd͡ʒɪˈteɪtɹɪks/

### Noun

agitatrix (plural agitatrices)
* (rare) A woman who agitates; a female agitator.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:agitatrix.

#### Related terms

* agitation
* agitator

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /a.ɡiˈtaː.triːks/, [äɡɪˈt̪äːt̪riːks̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.d͡ʒiˈta.triks/, [äd͡ʒiˈt̪äːt̪riks]

### Noun

agitātrīx f (genitive agitātrīcis); third declension
* (Late Latin) female equivalent of agitātor
* (Late Latin) Any thing that is moving (of the emotions or spirit)

#### Usage notes

This word does not seem to appear in Classical Latin texts, but is used in Later Latin.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Translingual: Catocala agitatrix

### References

* “agitatrix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* agitatrix in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* agitatrix in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* Incunabula Books Latin word list
# odpočívat
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech otpočívati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈotpot͡ʃiːvat]

### Verb

odpočívat impf (perfective odpočinout)
* to rest (to stop working)
    odpočívat na pohovce ― to relax on the sofa

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | odpočívat, odpočívati | Active adjective | odpočívající |
| Verbal noun | odpočívání | Passive adjective | odpočívaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | odpočívám | odpočíváme | — | odpočívejme |
| 2nd person | odpočíváš | odpočíváte | odpočívej | odpočívejte |
| 3rd person | odpočívá | odpočívají | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive odpočívat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | odpočíval | odpočívali | odpočíván | odpočíváni |
| masculine inanimate | odpočíval | odpočívaly | odpočíván | odpočívány |
| feminine | odpočívala | odpočívaly | odpočívána | odpočívány |
| neuter | odpočívalo | odpočívala | odpočíváno | odpočívána |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | odpočívaje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | odpočívajíc | — |
| plural | odpočívajíce | — |

#### Derived terms

* odpočinek m
* odpočinutí n
* odpočinutý
* odpočívadlo n

### Further reading

* “odpočívati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “odpočívati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “odpočívat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# tréigim
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈtʲɾʲeːɟəmʲ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈtʲɾʲeːdʲəmʲ/ (as if spelled tréidim)
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈtʲɾʲeːɟəmˠ/, [ˈtʲɾʲeiɟəmˠ]

### Verb

tréigim
* first-person singular present indicative/imperative of tréig (“to abandon”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 142, page 73
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 246
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 388, page 129
# upconcentrate
## English
### Etymology

From up- +‎ concentrate.

### Verb

upconcentrate (third-person singular simple present upconcentrates, present participle upconcentrating, simple past and past participle upconcentrated)
* To increase the concentration of one component of a mixture
# fleetfooted
## English
### Alternative forms

* fleet-footed, fleet footed

### Etymology

From fleet +‎ footed.

### Adjective

fleetfooted (comparative more fleetfooted, superlative most fleetfooted)
* Swift on one's feet.
    Synonyms: fleet of foot, fleet
** 2007 August 12, Andrew Gensler, “Dancing Away the Heartache, Tacos Included”, in New York Times‎:It would take a few more beers, but when the liquid courage kicked in, his wobbly legs were unable to keep pace with the fleetfooted waitress, who rolled her eyes, smiling, and finally twirled away.
** 2020 December 8, Michiko Kakutani, “Obama, the Best-Selling Author, on Reading, Writing and Radical Empathy”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:But the volume is also an introspective self-portrait, set down in the same fluent, fleet-footed prose that made his 1995 book “Dreams From My Father” such a haunting family memoir.”

#### Derived terms

* fleetfootedness
# 𐰉𐰆
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bu (“this”). Cognate with Turkish bu (“this”), Uzbek bu, Bashkir был (bıl), Tuvan бо (bo).

### Pronoun

𐰉𐰆 (bu)
* this
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 57
    𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼:𐰉𐰆:𐰃𐰺𐰴:𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰀𐰔:𐰢𐰏𐰚𐰃:𐰉𐰺:𐰚𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰣𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺anča:biliŋler:bu:ïrq:bašïnta:az:emgeki:bar:kin:yana:edgü:bolurKnow thus: at the beginning of this omen there is a little pain; (but) later it becomes good again.

#### Derived terms

* 𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀 (bunča, “like this”)
* 𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀 (bunta, “here”)
* 𐰋𐰇𐰓𐰚𐰀 (bödke, “at this time”)

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “bu”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 320
* Tekin, Talât (1993), "bu", in Irq Bitig: The Book of Omens (Turcologica; Bd. 18), Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, page 52
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bu”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 291 & 292
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bu(-n)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# go down the tubes
## English
### Alternative forms

* go down the tube

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

go down the tubes (third-person singular simple present goes down the tubes, present participle going down the tubes, simple past went down the tubes, past participle gone down the tubes)
* (euphemistic, idiomatic, US) Synonym of go down the toilet: to fail; to degenerate rapidly.
    The entire plan went down the tubes when they found they couldn't get strawberries in December.
** 1990 February 4, Pam Mitchell, quoting Susan Moir, “Pro-Union And Queer”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 17:Meanwhile, Susan's own workplace shut down, and she found herself "on the street with no job and a two-year-old kid. I was trying my damndest and I was going right down the tubes."
# gagal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay gagal (“to fail”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡa.ɡal/
* Rhymes: -ɡal
* Hyphenation: ga‧gal
* Rhymes: -al

### Verb

gagal
* to fail

#### Derived terms

* digagalkan
* kegagalan
* menggagalkan
* penggagal
* penggagalan
* gagal bayar
* gagal ginjal
* gagal jantung
* gagal napas
* gagal terbang
* gagal total
* gagal tumbuh

### Further reading

* “gagal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Verb

gagal (Jawi spelling ݢاݢل)
* to fail
    Dia gagal dalam ujian lagi.He fails the test again.

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: gagal

### Further reading

* “gagal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# touchedst
## English
### Verb

touchedst
* (archaic) second-person singular simple past indicative of touch
# arbitrariness
## English
### Alternative forms

* arbitraryness

### Etymology

From arbitrary +‎ -ness.

### Noun

arbitrariness (usually uncountable, plural arbitrarinesses)
* The quality or state of being arbitrary; the extent to which something is arbitrary.

#### Synonyms

* arbitrarity (much less common)

#### Derived terms

* nonarbitrariness

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “arbitrariness”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “arbitrary”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “arbitrariness” (US) / “arbitrariness” (UK) in Macmillan English Dictionary.
* arbitrary in Britannica Dictionary
* “arbitrariness”, in Wordnik.
* arbitrariness, arbitrarity at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
# lizure
## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English laysure, from Old French leisir, laisir, variants of loisir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liːˈzuːr/

### Noun

lizure
* leisure

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 54
# आगत
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* আগত (Assamese script)
* ᬆᬕᬢ (Balinese script)
* আগত (Bengali script)
* 𑰁𑰐𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀆𑀕𑀢 (Brahmi script)
* အာဂတ (Burmese script)
* આગત (Gujarati script)
* ਆਗਤ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌆𑌗𑌤 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦴꦒꦠ (Javanese script)
* 𑂄𑂏𑂞 (Kaithi script)
* ಆಗತ (Kannada script)
* អាគត (Khmer script)
* ອາຄຕ (Lao script)
* ആഗത (Malayalam script)
* ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘁𑘐𑘝 (Modi script)
* ᠠᢗᠺᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦡𑦰𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐁𑐐𑐟 (Newa script)
* ଆଗତ (Odia script)
* ꢃꢔꢡ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆄𑆓𑆠 (Sharada script)
* 𑖁𑖐𑖝 (Siddham script)
* ආගත (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩛𑩞𑩫 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚁𑚌𑚙 (Takri script)
* ஆக³த (Tamil script)
* ఆగత (Telugu script)
* อาคต (Thai script)
* ཨཱ་ག་ཏ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒂𑒑𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨊𑨍𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ā́-gatas (“come, arrived”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Cognate with Khotanese 𑀆𑀢 (āta), Parthian [script needed] (āγad, “come”), Bashkardi [script needed] (yaht). By surface analysis, आ (ā) +‎ गम् (gam, root) +‎ -त (-ta).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɑ́ː.ɡɐ.tɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/

### Participle

आगत • (ā́gata) past passive participle (root आगम्)
* past participle of आगम् (āgam); come, arrived
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.71.10:सर्वे॑ नन्दन्ति य॒शस्आग॑तेन सभासा॒हेन॒ सख्या॒ सखा॑यः । कि॒ल्बि॒ष॒स्पृत्पि॑तु॒षणि॒र्ह्ये॑षा॒मरं॑ हि॒तो भव॑ति॒ वाजि॑नाय ॥sárve nandanti yaśásā́gatena sabhāsāhéna sákhyā sákhāyaḥ. kilbiṣaspṛ́tpituṣáṇirhyèṣāmáraṃ hitó bhávati vā́jināya.All friends are joyful in the friend who has come in triumph, having conquered in assembly. He is their blame-averter, food-provider; he is prepared and fit for deed of vigour.
* returned
** c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
* come into existence, born

#### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨡 (agada)
* Pali: āgata
* Prakrit:
    Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀬 (āgaya)
    Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀅 (āgaa), 𑀆𑀅𑀅 (āaa), 𑀆𑀬 (āya), 𑀆𑀅 (āa)
** ⇒ Konkani: आयल्लो (āyllo), आयिल्लो (āyillo), आइल्लो (āillo) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-illa-))
** ⇒ Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘩𑘹𑘽 (āleṃ) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-lla-))
*** Marathi: आले (āle)
** ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀏𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀆 (āgaelliā)
    Paisaci Prakrit:
** Takka Apabhramsa:
*** Old Punjabi: ਆਇਆ (āiā), ਆਇਓ (āio)
**** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਆਇਆ (āiā)
    Shahmukhi script: آیا
** Vracada Apabhramsa:
*** Sindhi:
    Arabic script: آيو
    Devanagari script: आयो
    Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀕𑀤 (āgada), 𑀆𑀅𑀤 (āada)
** Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
*** Old Hindi: आय़ा (āyā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))
**** Hindustani: āyā
    Hindi: आया
    Urdu: آیا
* Assamese: আগত (agot)
* Bengali: আগত (agoto)
* Gujarati: આગત (āgat)
* Hindi: आगत (āgat)
* Maithili:
    Tirhuta script: 𑒂𑒑𑒞 (āgata)
    Devanagari script: आगत (āgat)
* Malayalam: ആഗതം (āgataṁ)
* Odia: ଆଗତ (āgata)
* Sinhalese: ආගත (āgata)
* Telugu: ఆగతము (āgatamu)

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āˊgata”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# lone wolf
## English
### Noun

lone wolf (plural lone wolves)
* A wolf that is not part of a pack.
** 1921, Max Brand, chapter XIII, in The Seventh Man‎:They knew what it meant; even Joan had heard the cry of the lone wolf hunting in the lean time of winter, and of all things sad, all things lonely, all things demoniacal, the howl of a wolf stands alone.
* (figuratively) A person who avoids the company of others; a loner; an independent or solitary person.
** 1899, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter I, in The Sleeper Awakes‎:I am a lone wolf, a solitary man, wandering through a world in which I have no part. I am wifeless—childless—who is it speaks of the childless as the dead twigs on the tree of life?
** 1915, Zane Grey, The Lone Star Ranger‎:You'll never mix in. You'll be a lone wolf. I seen that right off. Wal, if a man can stand the loneliness, an' if he's quick on the draw, mebbe lone-wolfin' it is the best.
* (by extension) A criminal who acts alone, not as part of a group.
** 2017 October 2, "Las Vegas shooting: At least 58 dead at Mandalay Bay Hotel", in bbc.com, BBC:
    Paddock's motives remain unclear. Las Vegas Sheriff Joe Lombardo described the shooting as a "lone wolf" attack. "We have no idea what his belief system was," he said.
** 2023 October 17, Lisa O'Carroll, Miranda Bryant, Lorenzo Tondo, “Killing of two Swedish football fans in Brussels ‘probably lone wolf’ attack”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:A Tunisian man who killed two Swedish citizens in a terrorist attack in Brussels was “probably a lone wolf”, the Belgian prime minister has said, as Sweden and Italy called for security at Europe’s borders to be tightened.

#### Derived terms

* lone wolfer
* lone-wolfing
# juru langsir
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of juru +‎ langsir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌd͡ʒu.ru ˈlaŋ.sir/, [ˌd͡ʒu.ru ˈlaŋ.sɪr]

### Noun

juru langsir (plural juru-juru langsir)
* (rail transport) shunter, switcher (employee)

### Further reading

* “juru langsir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# لمحاتی
## Urdu
### Etymology

From Arabic لَمْح (lamḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ləm.ɦɑː.t̪iː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Adjective

لَمْحاتِی • (lamhātī) (Hindi spelling लम्हाती)
* momentary, short-lived, transient

### Further reading

* “لمحاتی”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “لمحاتی”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “لمحاتی”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “لمحاتی”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “لمحاتی”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “لمحاتی”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
# dīpa
## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dipa/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit दीप (dīpa, “lamp, lantern; light”).

#### Noun

dīpa
* light
* lamp

##### Derived terms

* andipa
* aṅdīpe
* padīpan

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥ (dipa, “lamp”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Pali dīpa (“island”), from Sanskrit द्वीप (dvīpa). Doublet of dwīpa.

#### Noun

dīpa
* island
    Synonyms: dīpa, dwīpa, gili, muhara, nūsa, pulo

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥ (dipa, “island”)
* → Balinese: ᬥᬷᬧ (dipa, “island”)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀤𑀻𑀧 (Brahmi script)
* दीप (Devanagari script)
* দীপ (Bengali script)
* දීප (Sinhalese script)
* ဒီပ or ဒဳပ or ၻီပ (Burmese script)
* ทีป or ทีปะ (Thai script)
* ᨴᩦᨷ (Tai Tham script)
* ທີປ or ທີປະ (Lao script)
* ទីប (Khmer script)
* 𑄘𑄩𑄛 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit द्वीप (dvīpa).

### Noun

dīpa m
* island

#### Derived terms

* jambudīpa, jambūdīpa
* laṅkādīpa
* mahādīpa
* sīhaḷadīpa

#### Descendants

* → Old Javanese: dīpa (“island”) (see there for further descendants)
* → Thai: ทีป (tîip)
* → Burmese: ဒီပါ (dipa)
# clair-obscur
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French clair-obscur, from Italian chiaroscuro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌklɛr.ɔpˈskyːr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: clair-ob‧scur
* Rhymes: -yːr

### Noun

clair-obscur n (uncountable)
* (art) chiaroscuro

#### Related terms

* klaar
* obscuur

### Further reading

* clair-obscur on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## French
### Etymology

Calque of Italian chiaroscuro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klɛ.ʁɔp.skyʁ/ ~ /kle.ʁɔp.skyʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

clair-obscur m (uncountable)
* (art) chiaroscuro

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: clair-obscur

### Further reading

* “clair-obscur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# dramatization
## English
### Alternative forms

* dramatisation

### Noun

dramatization (countable and uncountable, plural dramatizations)
* The act of dramatizing.
* A version that has been dramatized.
    This is a dramatization of life 1000 years ago.

#### Derived terms

* overdramatization
* redramatization