# surplus
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɜːpləs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: sur‧plus
* Homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)

### Noun

surplus (countable and uncountable, plural surpluses or surplusses)
* That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.
    Synonyms: overquantity, oversum, superabundance; see also Thesaurus:excess
    Antonyms: deficit, lack, shortage
* Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
* (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
* (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

surplus (not comparable)
* Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.
    Synonyms: excess, offcut
    surplus population
    surplus words
    The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.
** 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.
** 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

#### Translations
### Verb

surplus (third-person singular simple present surpluses or surplusses, present participle surplussing or surplusing, simple past and past participle surplussed or surplused)
* (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
** 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v, page 618:This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]

### Derived terms

* agricultural surplus
* capital surplus
* consumer surplus
* producer surplus
* surplus killing
* surplus labour
* surplus to requirements
* surplus value
* trade surplus

### Anagrams

* upslurs

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch surplus, from Middle French surplus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʏr.plʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sur‧plus

### Noun

surplus n (plural surplussen, diminutive surplusje n)
* a surplus value, notably of money
    Synonym: overschot
    Antonym: tekort
* a remaining quantity, notably stock excess
    Synonyms: restant, overschot

#### Derived terms

* surplusgoederen
* surplusvoorraad

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French surplus, from Old French sorplus. Equivalent to sur- +‎ plus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syʁ.ply/

### Noun

surplus m (plural surplus)
* a surplus

#### Derived terms

* au surplus

#### Descendants

* → Italian: surplus

### Further reading

* “surplus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French surplus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /surˈplus/, /ˈsur.plus/
* Rhymes: -us, -urplus
* Hyphenation: sur‧plùs, sùr‧plus

### Noun

surplus m (invariable)
* a surplus (all senses)

### References

* ↑ surplus in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Middle English
### Noun

surplus
* Alternative form of surplys

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French surplus.

### Noun

surplus n (plural surplusuri)
* surplus