# 模

| 模 | U+6A21, &#27169; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A21 |
| ← 樠 [U+6A20] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 樢 → [U+6A22] |

## Translingual
### Han character

模 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493$_4$, composition ⿰木莫)

#### Derived characters

* 𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 551, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453
* Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6A21

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 模
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蟆 | *mraː |
| 鬕 | *mraːɡs |
| 饃 | *maːl |
| 模 | *maː |
| 摸 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 嫫 | *maː |
| 謨 | *maː |
| 膜 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 摹 | *maː |
| 暮 | *maːɡs |
| 慕 | *maːɡs |
| 募 | *maːɡs |
| 墓 | *maːɡs |
| 慔 | *maːɡs |
| 莫 | *maːɡ |
| 寞 | *maːɡ |
| 漠 | *maːɡ |
| 幕 | *maːɡ |
| 鏌 | *maːɡ |
| 瘼 | *maːɡ |
| 鄚 | *maːɡ |
| 瞙 | *maːɡ |
| 嗼 | *maːɡ, *mraːɡ |
| 塻 | *maːɡ |
| 貘 | *mraːɡ |
| 驀 | *mraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mó (mo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mo$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mó
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$
*** Yale: mwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
*** Hakka Romanization System: mu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
*** Tâi-lô: bôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boo
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
*** Tâi-lô: môo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
*** Sinological IPA : /mo⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mu
*** MiniDict: mu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/
* Middle Chinese: mu
Rime :
| Character | 模 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫胡切 |
| Baxter | mu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /mo/ |
| Wang Li | /mu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 模 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mu › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁa/ |
| English | model |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 模 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9241 |
| Phonetic component | 莫 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 模 |
| Old Chinese | /*maː/ |

#### Definitions

模
* 模 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Module (mathematics) (English)
* model; standard; example
* to copy; to imitate
* Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
    名模 ― míngmó ― famous fashion model
    𡃁模 [Cantonese] ― leng$^1$ mou$^4$ [Jyutping] ― young model; pseudo-model
* Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
* (mathematics) modulus
    同餘的模／同余的模 ― tóngyú de mó ― modulus of congruence
* (mathematics) modulo
       Wǔ yǔ bā tóngyú mó sān. [Pinyin]
       5 and 8 are congruent modulo 3.
* (mathematics) modular
    模形式 ― móxíngshì ― modular form
* (mathematics) module
    自由模 ― zìyóumó ― free module
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 一代楷模
* 像模
* 印模
* 地震規模 / 地震规模
* 大規模 / 大规模 (dàguīmó)
* 奉為楷模 / 奉为楷模
* 奧會模式 / 奥会模式
* 工模
* 常模
* 彈性模數 / 弹性模数
* 德國模式 / 德国模式
* 手模 (shǒumó)
* 文化模式
* 有模子
* 木模
* 楷模 (kǎimó)
* 模仿 (mófǎng)
* 模仿性
* 模倣 / 模仿 (mófǎng)
* 模傚
* 模型 (móxíng)
* 模型玩具 (móxíng wánjù)
* 模型飛機 / 模型飞机
* 模塊 / 模块 (mókuài)
* 模塑成形
* 模壓 / 模压
* 模寫 / 模写 (móxiě)
* 模寫論 / 模写论
* 模式 (móshì)
* 模擬 / 模拟 (mónǐ)
* 模擬器 / 模拟器 (mónǐqì)
* 模擬投票 / 模拟投票
* 模擬演習 / 模拟演习
* 模擬考試 / 模拟考试
* 模效 (móxiào)
* 模書 / 模书
* 模本 (móběn)
* 模棱兩可 / 模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
* 模楷
* 模模糊糊
* 模特兒 / 模特儿
* 模稜 / 模棱 (móléng)
* 模稜兩可 / 模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
* 模範 / 模范 (mófàn)
* 模範區 / 模范区
* 模範村 / 模范村
* 模範生 / 模范生
* 模糊
* 模糊理論 / 模糊理论
* 模組 / 模组 (mózǔ)
* 模網論壇 / 模网论坛
* 模表
* 模造紙 / 模造纸
* 模里西斯 (Mólǐxīsī)
* 模黏
* 沖模 / 冲模
* 石膏模型 (shígāo móxíng)
* 砂模
* 船模試驗 / 船模试验
* 花剌子模 (Huālàzǐmó)
* 螺模
* 螺絲模 / 螺丝模
* 血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)
* 行為模式 / 行为模式
* 規模 / 规模 (guīmó)
* 規模遠舉 / 规模远举
* 軌模 / 轨模
* 迷颩模登 / 迷𱃔模登
* 酸模 (suānmó)
* 首鼠模棱

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mú, mó
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ / mou$^{4-2}$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mo$^5$ / bhou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mú
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mú
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^2$
*** Yale: mú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mó
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$
*** Yale: mwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ / mou$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: mòuh / móu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ / mou$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ / mou$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹/, /mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/
* mou4 - "appearance" or "mold";
* mou4-2 - "mold".

#### Definitions

模
* appearance
* mold; matrix; shape; pattern

#### Compounds

* 一模一樣 / 一模一样 (yīmúyīyàng)
* 不成模樣 / 不成模样
* 中注模樣 / 中注模样
* 人模人樣 / 人模人样
* 人模狗樣 / 人模狗样 (rénmógǒuyàng)
* 俏模樣 / 俏模样
* 像模像樣 / 像模像样
* 喬模喬樣 / 乔模乔样
* 大模大樣 / 大模大样 (dàmúdàyàng)
* 大模廝樣 / 大模厮样 (dàmúsīyàng)
* 好模好樣 / 好模好样
* 字模 (zìmó)
* 小模樣兒 / 小模样儿
* 怪模怪樣 / 怪模怪样 (guàimúguàiyàng)
* 惡模惡樣 / 恶模恶样
* 有模有樣 / 有模有样
* 模本 (móběn)
* 模板 (múbǎn)
* 模板工
* 死模活漾
* 紅模子 / 红模子
* 裝模作樣 / 装模作样 (zhuāngmúzuòyàng)
* 銅模 / 铜模
* 鑄模 / 铸模 (zhùmú)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
* Kun: かた (kata, 模)、かたぎ (katagi, 模)、かたどる (katadoru, 模る)、のっとる (nottoru, 模る)
* Nanori: かた (kata)、とお (tō)、のり (nori)、ひろ (hiro)

#### Compounds

* 相模(さがみ) (Sagami)
* 酸模(すかんぼ) (sukanbo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 模
* も Grade: 6
* goon
From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mo̞]

#### Affix

模(も) • (mo)
* model; pattern
* appearance

##### Derived terms

* 模(も)楷(かい) (mokai)
* 模(も)擬(ぎ) (mogi) (摸(も)擬(ぎ), 摹(も)擬(ぎ))
* 模(も)型(けい) (mokei)
* 模(も)糊(こ) (moko) (糢(も)糊(こ))
* 模(も)傚(こう) (mokō)
* 模(も)刻(こく) (mokoku) (摸(も)刻(こく), 摹(も)刻(こく))
* 模(も)索(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)索(さく))
* 模(も)作(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)作(さく))
* 模(も)式(しき) (moshiki)
* 模(も)写(しゃ) (mosha) (摸(も)写(しゃ))
* 模(も)出(しゅつ) (moshutsu) (摸(も)出(しゅつ))
* 模(も)製(せい) (mosei) (摸(も)製(せい))
* 模(も)像(ぞう) (mozō)
* 模(も)造(ぞう) (mozō) (摸(も)造(ぞう))
* 模(も)拓(たく) (motaku) (摸(も)拓(たく))
* 模(も)搨(とう) (motō)
* 模(も)範(はん), 模(も)笵(はん) (mohan)
* 模(も)表(ひょう) (mohyō)
* 模(も)倣(ほう) (mohō) (摸(も)倣(ほう), 摹(も)倣(ほう))
* 模(も)本(ほん) (mohon) (摸(も)本(ほん), 摹(も)本(ほん))
* 模(も)様(よう) (moyō)
* 模(も)稜(りょう) (moryō) (摸(も)稜(りょう))
* 模(も)臨(りん) (morin) (摸(も)臨(りん))
* 佳(か)模(も), 嘉(か)模(も) (kamo)
* 範(はん)模(も) (hanmo)
* 描(びょう)模(も) (byōmo) (描(びょう)摸(も), 描(びょう)摹(も))
* 倣(ほう)模(も) (hōmo)
* 臨(りん)模(も) (rinmo) (臨(りん)摹(も))

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 模
* ぼ Grade: 6
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bo̞]

#### Affix

模(ぼ) • (bo)
* (uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

##### Derived terms

* 模(ぼ)楷(かい) (bokai)
* 模(ぼ)倣(ほう) (bohō)
* 楷(かい)模(ぼ) (kaibo)
* 規(き)模(ぼ) (kibo) (規(き)摸(ぼ), 規(き)摹(ぼ))
* 臨(りん)模(ぼ) (rinbo) (臨(りん)摹(ぼ))

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 模
* かたぎ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry. :
| 【かたぎ】 | [noun] carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc. [noun] printing wooden block [noun] model; pattern Alternative spelling 形木 |
(This term, 模, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))
* hanja form of 모 (“model, standard, pattern”)
模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))
* hanja form of 모 (“copy, imitate”)

#### Compounds

* 모양 (模樣, moyang)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

模: Hán Nôm readings: mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.