# 牘

| 牘 | U+7258, &#29272; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7258 |
| ← 牗 [U+7257] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牙 → [U+7259] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 牘 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰片売 |
| Simplified | 牍 |

### Han character

牘 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 中中土田金 (LLGWC) or 中弓土田金 (LNGWC), four-corner 2408$_6$, composition ⿰片賣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 694, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19906
* Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2021, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7258

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牘 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 竇 | *l'oːɡs |
| 續 | *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ |
| 覿 | *l'juːɡ |
| 黷 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讟 | *l'oːɡ |
| 殰 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讀 | *l'oːɡ |
| 櫝 | *l'oːɡ |
| 牘 | *l'oːɡ |
| 儥 | *l'oːɡ |
| 贕 | *l'oːɡ |
| 皾 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瓄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瀆 | *l'oːɡ |
| 豄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 韇 | *l'oːɡ |
| 嬻 | *l'oːɡ |
| 犢 | *l'oːɡ |
| 匵 | *l'oːɡ |
| 藚 | *ljoɡ |
| 襩 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 贖 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 𧶠 | *luɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

### Etymology

Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dú (du$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k / tho̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dú
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$
*** Yale: dú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^6$
*** Yale: duhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
*** Tâi-lô: to̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dok
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: duwk
Rime :
| Character | 牘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒谷切 |
| Baxter | duwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /duk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /duk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | duk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 牘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁok/ |
| English | tablet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16041 |
| Phonetic component | 𧶠 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 獨 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'oːɡ/ |

### Definitions

牘
* wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China
* document; archive
* letter; correspondence

### Compounds

* 公牘 / 公牍
* 函牘 / 函牍
* 削牘 / 削牍
* 剡牘 / 剡牍
* 尺牘 / 尺牍 (chǐdú)
* 抱牘 / 抱牍
* 文牘 / 文牍 (wéndú)
* 書牘 / 书牍 (shūdú)
* 案牘 / 案牍 (àndú)
* 案牘勞形 / 案牍劳形
* 案牘勞煩 / 案牍劳烦
* 牘尾 / 牍尾
* 盈篇累牘 / 盈篇累牍
* 竿牘 / 竿牍
* 簡牘 / 简牍 (jiǎndú)
* 簡牘學 / 简牍学
* 素牘 / 素牍
* 累牘連篇 / 累牍连篇
* 苞苴竿牘 / 苞苴竿牍
* 觚牘 / 觚牍
* 讞牘 / 谳牍
* 連篇累牘 / 连篇累牍 (liánpiānlěidú)
* 連章累牘 / 连章累牍
* 長篇累牘 / 长篇累牍

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰片売 |
| Kyūjitai | 牘 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿰片売)
* wooden tablet
* letter; correspondence

#### Readings

* Go-on: どく (doku)
* Kan-on: とく (toku)
* Kun: かきもの (kakimono, 牘)、ふだ (fuda, 牘)、てがみ (tegami, 牘)

#### Compounds

* 牘(とく)書(しょ) (tokusho)
* 案(あん)牘(とく) (antoku)
* 簡(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
* 竿(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
* 翰(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
* 觚(こ)牘(とく) (kotoku)
* 尺(しゃく)牘(どく) (shakudoku)
* 書(しょ)牘(とく) (shotoku)
* 章(しょう)牘(とく) (shōtoku)
* 寸(すん)牘(とく) (suntoku)
* 尺(せき)牘(とく) (sekitoku)
* 芳(ほう)牘(とく) (hōtoku)

## Korean
### Hanja

牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牘: Hán Nôm readings: dộc, độc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.