OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 赤裸裸
## Chinese
### Etymology

ABB-type reduplication of 赤裸 (chìluǒ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chìluǒluǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ ㄌㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cek$^3$ lo$^2$ lo$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chìluǒluǒ [Phonetic: chìluóluǒ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˋ ㄌㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chìhluǒluǒ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^4$-lo$^3$-lo$^3$
*** Yale: chr̀-lwǒ-lwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyhluooluoo
*** Palladius: чилоло (čilolo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cek$^3$ lo$^2$ lo$^2$
*** Yale: chek ló ló
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsek$^8$ lo$^2$ lo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cég$^3$ lo$^2$ lo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛːk̚³ lɔː³⁵ lɔː³⁵/

### Adjective

赤裸裸
* (ideophonic) stark-naked; bare; naked
* (figurative, often of a contemptible action) plain; pure; undisguised; unadorned
    赤裸裸的敲詐／赤裸裸的敲诈 ― chìluǒluǒ de qiāozhà ― blatant blackmailing behaviour
    From: 2007, 孫燕姿 (lyrics 姚若龍), 《我懷念的》
    jiǎzhuāng liǎojiě shì pà, zhēnxiàng tài chìluǒluǒ, lángbèi bǐ shīqù nánshòu [Pinyin]
    I feign to understand, for I am afraid, That the truth is too naked and transparent, And being helpless is more painful than losing.

#### Usage notes

As a 狀態詞／状态词 (zhuàngtàicí), it must be followed by 的 (de).

#### Synonyms

* (humorous, slang) 紅果果／红果果 (hóngguǒguǒ), 赤果果 (chìguǒguǒ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 赤 | 裸 | 裸 |
| せき Grade: 1 | ら Grade: S | ら Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 赤裸々

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せきらら [sèkírárá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞kʲiɾa̠ɾa̠]

### Noun

赤(せき)裸(ら)裸(ら) • (sekirara)
* stark-naked; bare; naked
* (figurative, often of a contemptible action) plain; pure; undisguised; unadorned
    Synonyms: 赤裸, 丸裸
    赤裸裸(せきらら)に告白(こくはく)する
       sekirara ni kokuhaku suru
       to confess without holding anything back.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 赤 | 裸 | 裸 |

### Noun

赤裸裸 • (jeongnara) (hangeul 적나라)
* hanja form of 적나라 (“Root of 적나라하다 (jeongnarahada). Rarely used alone.”)
# 輕車熟路
## Chinese

| | | light; easy; gentlelight; easy; gentle; soft; reckless; unimportant; frivolous; small in number; unstressed; neutral | vehicle on land; car; machinevehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe | familiar; skilled; ripefamiliar; skilled; ripe; done; cooked | road; path; way |
| trad. (輕車熟路) | trad. (輕車熟路) | 輕 | 車 | 熟 | 路 |
| simp. (轻车熟路) | simp. (轻车熟路) | 轻 | 车 | 熟 | 路 |

### Etymology

See 駕輕就熟／驾轻就熟 (jiàqīngjiùshú).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīngchēshúlù, qīngchēshóulù, qīngjūshúlù
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄜ ㄕㄨˊ ㄌㄨˋ, ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄜ ㄕㄡˊ ㄌㄨˋ, ㄑㄧㄥ ㄐㄩ ㄕㄨˊ ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hing$^1$ ce$^1$ suk$^6$ lou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngchēshúlù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄜ ㄕㄨˊ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingcheshúlù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-chʻê$^1$-shu$^2$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: chīng-chē-shú-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingcheshwuluh
*** Palladius: цинчэшулу (cinčɛšulu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu³⁵ lu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngchēshóulù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄜ ㄕㄡˊ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingcheshóulù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-chʻê$^1$-shou$^2$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: chīng-chē-shóu-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingcheshourluh
*** Palladius: цинчэшоулу (cinčɛšoulu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngjūshúlù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄐㄩ ㄕㄨˊ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingjyushúlù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-chü$^1$-shu$^2$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: chīng-jyū-shú-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingjiushwuluh
*** Palladius: цинцзюйшулу (cinczjujšulu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂu³⁵ lu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hing$^1$ ce$^1$ suk$^6$ lou$^6$
*** Yale: hīng chē suhk louh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hing$^1$ tse$^1$ suk$^9$ lou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hing$^1$ cé$^1$ sug$^6$ lou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sʊk̚² lou̯²²/

### Idiom

輕車熟路
* to perform a task with which one is very familiar with great ease

#### Synonyms

* 駕輕就熟／驾轻就熟 (jiàqīngjiùshú)
# ברבור
## Hebrew

* Root
* ב־ר־ב־ר (b-r-b-r)
* 1 term

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /baʁˈbuʁ/

### Noun

בַּרְבּוּר • (barbúr) m (plural indefinite בַּרְבּוּרִים, singular construct בַּרְבּוּר־)
* swan

### References

* “ברבור” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* ברבור on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# regnodest
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrej.no.dest/

### Verb

reġnodest
* second-person singular preterite indicative of reġnian
# surrogate key
## English
### Noun

surrogate key (plural surrogate keys)
* (databases) A unique identifier for an entity or object, not derived from application data.
    We weren't sure which columns in the table would have unique values, so we used a separate surrogate key as the primary key.
# excurto
## Latin
### Etymology

From ex- +‎ curtō. Attested in the Lex Salica and Lex Alamannorum.

### Verb

excurtō (present infinitive excurtāre, perfect active excurtāvī, supine excurtātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)
* to cut (a tail)

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: shcurtedz
** Romanian: scurta
** → Albanian: shkurtoj
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: scortare (regional)
* Padanian:
** Emilian: scurtèr
** Friulian: scurtâ
** Ladin: scurter
** Lombard: scurtar
** Venetan: scortar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan: escortar
** Old French: escurter
*** French: écourter
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *excurtiāre (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “excurtare”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 390
# escapade
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French escapade (“the act of escaping; a trick”), itself borrowed from Old Spanish escapada, from escapar (“to escape”), from Vulgar Latin *excappāre.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ĕs'kə-pād', IPA: /ˈɛskəˌpeɪd/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪd

### Noun

escapade (plural escapades)
* A daring or adventurous act; an undertaking which goes against convention.
** 1724, Charles Johnson [pseudonym], “Of Captain Howel Davis, and His Crew”, in A General History of the Pyrates, […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for, and sold by T. Warner, […], →OCLC, page 202:The Manner of living among the Portugueze here is, with the utmost Frugality and Temperance. […] The beſt of them (excepting the Governor now and then) neither pay nor receive any Viſits of Eſcapade or Recreation; […]
** 1816, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 9, in The Antiquary - Volume II:[Nobody] stood more confounded than Oldbuck at this sudden escapade of his nephew. "Is the devil in him," was his first exclamation, "to go to disturb the brute?"
** 1918, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter 1, in Piccadilly Jim:He is always doing something to make himself notorious. There was that breach-of-promise case, and that fight at the political meeting, and his escapades at Monte Carlo.
** 1996, “The Underground in America”, in Pantera (music), The Great Southern Trendkill, performed by Pantera, track 10:Glass breaks, the dimming lights / Sweat, heat and profane debate / The smart ones stay on the outside / While drunken heads and arms erupt / Centered man swings a punch / Spits a tooth, postures odd / A punk rock escapade / Five bucks a head to be king dick in the crowd / We are the ones who must sport the position / Cheap beer, trendy clicks / Lesbian love is accepted and right / Shaved heads meet hair in the mix / Blending the 80's and 90's with hate
** 2011 March 4, Richard Corliss, "The Adjustment Bureau" (film review), Time (retrieved 23 March 2014):
    He seems on the verge of winning the New York Senate election when the New York Post runs a photo of David’s exposed butt in a mooning escapade from his college days.

#### Derived terms

* sexcapade

#### Related terms

* escape

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

escapade f (plural escapades)
* escapade

### Further reading

* “escapade”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Verb

escapade
* second-person plural imperative of escapar
# แสบ
## Thai
### Etymology

Uncertain. Compare Lao ແສບ (sǣp), ສຽບ (sīap).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | แสบ æ s ɓ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | sɛ̀ɛp |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | saep |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /sɛːp̚˨˩/ |

### Adjective

แสบ • (sɛ̀ɛp) (abstract noun ความแสบ)
* (slang) annoying; sore; troublesome.

### Verb

แสบ • (sɛ̀ɛp) (abstract noun การแสบ)
* to undergo or cause to undergo a sharp, burning, or stinging pain or sensation.

#### Derived terms

* เจ็บแสบ
* แสบสันต์
# εὐτυχίαν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eu̯.ty.kʰí.aːn/ → /eɸ.tyˈçi.an/ → /ef.tiˈçi.an/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /eu̯.ty.kʰí.aːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ew.tyˈkʰi.an/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eɸ.tyˈçi.an/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ef.tyˈçi.an/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ef.tiˈçi.an/

### Noun

εὐτῠχῐ́ᾱν • (eutŭkhĭ́ān)
* accusative singular of εὐτῠχῐ́ᾱ (eutŭkhĭ́ā)
# התכוון
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* כ־ו־ן (k-w-n)
* 20 terms
From the root כ־ו־ן (k-w-n).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /hit.kaˈven/

### Verb

התכוון / הִתְכַּוֵּן • (hitkavén) (hitpa'el construction)
* To mean, intend.
* To be set or positioned.
# regnaþ
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrej.nɑθ/

### Verb

reġnaþ
* third-person singular present indicative of reġnian
# toke
## English
### Pronunciation

* (British) enPR: tōk, IPA: /təʊk/
* Rhymes: -əʊk
* (US) enPR: tōk, IPA: /toʊk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊk

### Etymology 1

Clipping of token.

#### Noun

toke (plural tokes)
* (US, slang, casinos) A gratuity.
    I gave the maitre d’ a $10 toke and he just laughed.

#### Verb

toke (third-person singular simple present tokes, present participle toking, simple past and past participle toked)
* (transitive, US casino slang) To give a gratuity to.
    You have to toke the maitre d’ at least $50 if you want a really good table.

### Etymology 2

Presumably from Spanish tocar (“touch”). Noun sense 1968, verb 1952.

#### Noun

toke (plural tokes)
* (slang) A puff of marijuana.
    The artist took a thoughtful toke off the joint, then passed it along.
* (slang, by extension) An inhalation or lungful of anything.
** 2011, Tim Winton, Dirt Music:Back on the wards a big toke of O$_2$ might have done the job; it was God's own pick-me-up.

#### Verb

toke (third-person singular simple present tokes, present participle toking, simple past and past participle toked)
* (slang) To smoke marijuana.
    Let's roll up a doobie and toke.
** 2009 August 23, Walter Kirn, “Drugs to Do, Cases to Solve”, in New York Times‎:This keeps Doc’s workload relatively light, freeing him to stay stoned around the clock and live in the now, which isn’t hard for him, because he’s toked away his short-term memory.
* (slang) To inhale a puff of marijuana

##### Derived terms

* toke tube
* toke up

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

toke (plural tokes)
* (slang, obsolete) A piece of bread.
** 1905, H. G. Wells, Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul:Toke and cold ground rice pudding with plums it used to be—there is no better food at all.

### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “toke”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* keto, keto-

## Japanese
### Romanization

toke
* Rōmaji transcription of とけ

## Lindu
### Noun

toke
* chameleon

## Maori
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *toke (compare with hōtoke, Hawaiian koʻekoʻe, Tahitian toʻetoʻe).

#### Noun

toke
* (obsolete) cold

##### Related terms

* hōtoke

#### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “toke.2”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

toke
* worm

##### Synonyms

* noke

### Further reading

* “toke” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Middle English
### Verb

toke
* first/third-person singular past indicative of taken; took
** 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:"And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# ad satis
## Latin
### Etymology

From ad (“to”) +‎ satis (“enough”).

### Adverb

ad satis (not comparable) (Early Medieval Latin)
* copiously
** Late 7th c. CE, Vita Sancti Arnulfi:
    aqua squalens erat potus, et neque quotidie apponebatur, neque apposita ad satis sumebatur
       Squalid water served as their drink, and it was not offered every day, nor, once offered, was it drunk in great quantities.

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance: (with loss of t)
** Corsican: assai
** Italian: assai
*** → Catalan: assai (Algherese)
*** → Old Catalan: assay
** Neapolitan: assaje
** Sicilian: assai
* Gallo-Italic:
** Ligurian: asæ
** Lombard: assè, assèi (Alpine)
** Piedmontese: assè, assà
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: asez (see there for further descendants)
* Occitano-Romance:
** Old Catalan: assau
** Old Occitan: assatz
*** → Galician: assaz
*** → Old Catalan: assats
*** → Portuguese: assaz
*** → Spanish: asaz

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ad satis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 183
* ↑ ad-satis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# fonologija
## Lithuanian
### Noun

fonologija f
* phonology

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From fono- +‎ -lògija.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fonolǒɡija/
* Hyphenation: fo‧no‧lo‧gi‧ja

### Noun

fonològija f (Cyrillic spelling фоноло̀гија)
* phonology

#### Related terms

* fonòlog m (“phonologist”)
* fonòloškī (“phonological”)

### References

* “fonologija”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# ชาติพันธุ์
## Thai
### Etymology

From ชาติ (châat, “birth; nation; citizen, national, subject; people; breed, race; etc”) +‎ พันธุ์ (pan, “breed, race; etc”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ชาติพันธุ์ d͡ʑ ā t i b ạ n dʰ u ʻ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ชาด-ติ-พัน d͡ʑ ā ɗ – t i – b ạ n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | châat-dtì-pan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | chat-ti-phan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕʰaːt̚˥˩.ti˨˩.pʰan˧/ |

### Noun

ชาติพันธุ์ • (châat-dtì-pan)
* ethnicity.

#### Derived terms

* ชาติพันธุ์วรรณนา (châat-dtì-pan-wan-ná-naa)
* ชาติพันธุ์วิทยา
# εὐτυχίαις
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eu̯.ty.kʰí.ai̯s/ → /eɸ.tyˈçi.ɛs/ → /ef.tiˈçi.es/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /eu̯.ty.kʰí.ai̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ew.tyˈkʰi.ɛs/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eɸ.tyˈçi.ɛs/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ef.tyˈçi.es/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ef.tiˈçi.es/

### Noun

εὐτῠχῐ́αις • (eutŭkhĭ́ais)
* dative plural of εὐτῠχῐ́ᾱ (eutŭkhĭ́ā)
# נור
## Arabic
### Noun

נור • (transliteration needed) m
* Judeo-Arabic spelling of نُور (nūr, “light”)‎‎
** c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir‎, Genesis 1:3:ושא אללה אן יכון נור פכאן נור׃wašāʔa llāhu ʔan yakūna nūrun fakāna nūrun.And God willed there to be light, and then there was light.

## Hebrew

* Root
* נ־י־ר (n-y-r)
* 10 terms

### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *nūr-, via Aramaic נוּר (“fire”). Cognate with Arabic نُور (nūr, “light”) and نَار (nār, “fire”).

### Noun

נוּר • (nur) m (plural indefinite נורים, singular construct נור־)
* shining fire
    Synonym: אֵשׁ (ésh)
* light
    Synonym: אוֹר (ór)

#### Related terms

* נִיר (nir)
* נֵר (ner)

### References

* H5135 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# Tenharim
## English
### Noun

Tenharim pl (plural only)
* An indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil.

### Proper noun

Tenharim
* Their language.

#### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Tenharim terms
# tottus
## Latin
### Adjective

tōttus (feminine tōtta, neuter tōttum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal) (Late Latin, proscribed)
* Alternative form of tōtus (“whole, entire”)
** 5th c. CE, Consentius, Ars de barbarismis et metaplasmis:
    Per adiectionem litterae sic fit [barbarismus], ut siquis dicat coperit pro operit, gruit pro ruit, tottum pro toto, cottidie pro cotidie, quandius pro quandiu...And so a mistake is committed by the addition of a letter, for instance when one says coperit instead of operit, gruit instead of ruit, tottum instead of totum, cottidie instead of cotidie, or quandius instead of quandiu...

#### Descendants

* Dalmatian:
** tot
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: tuttu
** Italian: tutto
** Neapolitan: tutto
** Sicilian: tuttu
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: tottu
* North Italian:
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Lombard: tut, tucc pl
*** Piedmontese: tut, tüt
*** Romagnol: tot
** Friulian: dut
** Istriot: doûto
** Ladin: dut
** Romansch: tut, tot, tuot
** Venetan: tuto, tut, dut
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: tot
** Franco-Provençal: tot
** Old French: tot (see there for further descendants)
** Old Occitan: tot
*** Occitan: tot
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: tot
# white sheep
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

white sheep (plural white sheep)
* (idiomatic) a conformist; an ordinary or conventional person
* (idiomatic, ironic) a disliked person; one who is disfavored
    I was the white sheep of the family, the straight man.
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see white,‎ sheep.

### See also

* black sheep
# reír
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rīdīre (with dissimilation?), from Latin rīdēre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈiɾ/ [reˈiɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: re‧ír

### Verb

reír (first-person singular present río, first-person singular preterite reí, past participle reído)
* (transitive, reflexive) to laugh

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* reír a boca llena
* reírse a carcajadas (“to laugh out loud”)

#### Related terms

* ridículo
* risa
* sonreír

### Further reading

* “reír”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tutup
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay tutup, from Proto-Malayic *tutup, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup.
Cognate with Javanese tutup, Minangkabau tutuik, Tagalog tutop.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈtutup/ [ˈt̪u.t̪ʊp]
* Rhymes: -utup
* Syllabification: tu‧tup

### Verb

tutup (transitive)
* to close
** to move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed
** to obstruct or block
* to cover (to place something over or upon, as to) conceal or protect
    Synonym: tutupi

#### Conjugation
### Adjective

tutup
* closed (not operating or conducting trade)
    Antonym: buka

### Noun

tutup (plural tutup-tutup)
* cover (the front and back of a book, magazine, CD package, etc.)
* lid (the top or cover of a container)

#### Synonyms

* (cover, lid): penutup

#### Derived terms

* bertutup
* ketertutupan
* penutup
* penutupan
* tertutup
* tertutupi
* tutupan
* tutupi
* tutupkan

## Javanese
### Romanization

tutup
* Romanization of ꦠꦸꦠꦸꦥ꧀

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup (“to cover”). Cognate with Tagalog tutóp (“covered with the hand; caught in the act, caught red-handed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tutup/
* Rhymes: -utup, -up
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [tutʊp̚, -top̚, -to̞p̚]

### Verb

tutup (Jawi spelling توتوڤ)
* to close (box, bottle etc.)
    Antonym: buka
    Tutup balang biskut itu sekarang!Close that biscuit jar now!
* to close (store)
    Antonym: buka
    Selalunya pada pukul berapa Cik Putih tutup kedainya?Usually, at what time does Mr. Putih close his shop?

### Adjective

tutup (Jawi spelling توتوڤ)
* closed (store)
    Antonym: buka
    Kedai ini sudah tutup sejak pukul 6 petang, cik.This store has been closed since 6 in the evening, sir.

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* menutup [agent focus] (meN-)
* menutupkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* menutupi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* ditutup [patient focus] (di-)
* ditutupkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* tertutup [agentless action] (teR-)
* bertutup [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* penutup (“lid; ending to an essay”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* penutupan (“act of closing”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* tutupan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: tutup (inherited)

### Further reading

* “tutup” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup.

### Verb

tutup
* to cover
# هرسك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Ultimately from German Herzog (“duke”).

### Proper noun

هرسك • (hersek)
* (historical) herzog, a German hereditary title held by one who rules a territorial duchy
* (geography) Herzegovina (the southern region or wedge of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Hersek
* → Armenian: Հէրսէք (Hērsēkʻ)
* → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܗܸܪܣܲܟ݂ (hirsaḵ)

### Further reading

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هرسك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1323
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “هرسك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5461
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هرسك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2162
* Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Hersek”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 346
# עוין
## Hebrew

* Root
* ע־י־ן (ʿ-y-n)
* 9 terms

### Adjective

עוֹיֵן • (oyén)
* Hostile, inimical.
** Tanach, 1 Samuel 18:9, with translation of the King James Version:וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל עוֹיֵן אֶת דָּוִד מֵהַיּוֹם הַהוּא וָהָלְאָה.vayhí šaʾúl ʿoyén et davíd mehayyóm hahú vahalʾa.And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.

### References

* “עוין” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Anagrams

* יענו