# ọkan
## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ɔ̀-wóka̰. Likely cognates include Igala ókà, Ifè kã̀, Itsekiri ọkan, and Olukumi ọ̀kan.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̀.kã̄/

#### Numeral

ọ̀kan
* one
    Synonym: ení
    Fún mi ní ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ẹja yẹn.Give me one of those fish.
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Àtowóolówó àtowó-ẹni, kí ọ̀kan ṣáà má ti wọ́nni níbẹ̀.Both somebody else's money and personal money, may we not lack whichever one (proverb on a final resort).

##### Alternative forms

* ìkan

##### Derived terms

* kan (“one, adjectival form of ọ̀kan”)
* Mẹ́talọ́kan (“Holy Trinity”)
* oókan (“one, counting form of ọ̀kan”)
* ọlọ́kan (“owner of one”)
* ọ̀kankọ́kan (“any particular one”)
* ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan (“each or every one”)
* ọ̀kàn-ọ̀kán-yà (“minimal pair”)

##### Descendants

→ Lucumí: okán

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̀.kã̄/

#### Noun

ọ̀kan
* Sorindeia juglandifolia

### Etymology 3

Likely a Proto-Yoruba innovation that displaced ẹ̀dọ̀ (“chest, heart, emotion”), which served as the term for the organ for the seat of emotion (heart). In Northwest Yoruba and Standard Yoruba, this term semantically shifted to "liver," while certain Yoruba dialects maintain the semantic meaning of ẹ̀dọ̀ "emotion, feeling." However, almost all Yoruba dialects refer to the heart organ as "ọkàn," suggesting that it was a Proto-Yoruba innovation, see Proto-Yoruba *ɔ-kã̀, with it likely not existing in Proto-Edekiri. Yoruba dialects like Southeast Yoruba not descended from Proto-Yoruba likely thus borrowed the word from nearby Proto-Yoruba speakers. Evidence of pre-Yoruba roots may be found in a possible cognate, Olukumi akan (“kidney”), suggesting the term may have been a general root for internal organs, in a similar fashion to the word fùkù.

#### Alternative forms

* ọkọ̀n (Ekiti, Owe)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̄.kã̀/

#### Noun

ọkàn
* physical heart
    Synonym: ẹ̀dọ̀
    Ọkàn rẹ̀ ń lù pupuupu.Her heart was beating very quickly.
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Àrùn ọkàn ń dààmú-un wọn.They were suffering [from] a heart disease.
* mind, psychological heart
    Mo ní in lọ́kàn pé mo máa lọ sí Ìbàdàn láti rí ọ̀rẹ́ mi.I had it in mind that I would go to Ibadan to see my friend.
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Ẹ̀rí ọkàn yóò máà jẹ́ wọn lọ títí láé.Their conscience will continue to prick them forever.
* bravery
    Synonyms: àyà, ìgboyà
** 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:Ọkùnrin yìí lọ́kàn láti dúró de ẹkùnThis man was courageous to have stood in the way of a tiger.
* thought
    Ọkàn gbọgbẹ́To be very depressed
** 1997, Sachnine Michika, Dictionnaire usuel yorùbá-français suivi d'un index français-yorùbá (overall work in French), Ibadan, Nigeria: Éditions Karthala and IFRA-Ibadan, →ISBN, page 220:Ọkàn mi wà ní ibòmíràn.My thoughts are elsewhere.

##### Synonyms

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - ọkàn (“heart”) :
| view map; ||||||
| Language Family | Variety Group | Variety/Language | Subdialect | Location | Words |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú Òde | ọkọ̀n |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ẹ̀pẹ́ | ọkọ̀n |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ìkòròdú | ọkọ̀n |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ṣágámù | ọkọ̀n |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìwẹrẹ | ẹ̀dọ̀n, ọdùdù |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Ugbódù | íghórẹ̀dọ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ẹ̀gbádò | Ẹ̀gbádò | Ìjàká | ọkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òtù | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìwéré Ilé | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òkèhò | ọkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìsẹ́yìn | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ṣakí | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Tedé | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìgbẹ́tì | ọkẹ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | ọkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Nàìjíríà | ọkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Bɛ̀nɛ̀ | ɔkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northeast Yoruba/Okun | Owé | Owé | Kabba | ọkọ̀n, ẹ̀kẹ̀dọ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú) | ɔkɛ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Tchaourou | ɔkɛ̀n |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà) | Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà) | Baàtɛ | ɔkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ìdàácà | Benin | Igbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀) | ɔkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè | Ìkpòbɛ́ | emí |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè | Onigbolo | ɔkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Kétu/Ànàgó | Kétu | ɔkàn |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Akpáré | owũ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Atakpamɛ | owũ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Boko | owũ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Moretan | owũ̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti) | oŋù ɛ̀ɖɔ̃̀ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Mɔ̄kɔ́lé | Mɔ̄kɔ́lé | Kandi | ímũ |
| Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo. ||||||

##### Derived terms

* ajẹmọ́-ìṣẹ́-ọkàn (“psychological”)

##### Descendants

→ Lucumí: okán

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̄.kã̄/

#### Noun

ọkan
* Uapaca guineensis (red-cedar, rikio, sugar-plum)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̄.kã̄/

#### Noun

ọkan
* Cylicodiscus gabunensis, a mimosa-like tree

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̄.kã́/

#### Noun

ọkán
* Kinkeliba, of west Africa, a shrub with leaves used in traditional medicine.

### References

* Awoyale, Yiwola (2008 December 19) Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN
* Gbile, Z. O. (1984) Vernacular Names of Nigerian Plants (in Yoruba), Ibadan, Nigeria: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
* Michika, Sachnine (1997) Dictionnaire usuel yorùbá-français suivi d'un index français-yorùbá (in French), Ibadan, Nigeria: Éditions Karthala and IFRA-Ibadan, →ISBN, page 220
* Verger, Pierre Fatumbi (1997) Ewé: The Use of Plants in Yoruba Society, Sāo Paulo: Companhia das Latras, page 774