# 蕃

| 蕃 | U+8543, &#34115; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8543 |
| ← 蕂 [U+8542] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蕄 → [U+8544] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蕃 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹木田 (THDW), four-corner 4460$_9$, composition ⿱艹番)

#### Derived characters

* 𪿾, 𧂵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1056, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31906
* Dae Jaweon: page 1519, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3293, character 13
* Unihan data for U+8543

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 皤 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 嶓 | *paːl |
| 番 | *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban |
| 播 | *paːls |
| 譒 | *paːls |
| 鄱 | *baːl |
| 潘 | *pʰaːn |
| 蟠 | *baːn, *ban |
| 磻 | *baːn |
| 蕃 | *pan, *ban |
| 轓 | *pan, *pʰan |
| 鱕 | *pan |
| 鐇 | *pan, *ban |
| 藩 | *pan, *ban |
| 籓 | *pan |
| 橎 | *panʔ |
| 翻 | *pʰan |
| 幡 | *pʰan |
| 飜 | *pʰan |
| 旛 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 繙 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 燔 | *ban |
| 蹯 | *ban |
| 膰 | *ban |
| 羳 | *ban |
| 鷭 | *ban |
| 璠 | *ban |
| 襎 | *ban |
| 墦 | *ban |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).

### Etymology 1

The same word as 繁 (OC *ban). Cognate with Tibetan དཔལ (dpal, “glory; splendor; abundance; magnificence”) (Unger, 1986).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fán (fan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fán
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fán
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$
*** Yale: fán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^4$
*** Yale: fàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
*** Tâi-lô: huân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
* Middle Chinese: bjon
Rime :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 附袁切 |
| Baxter | bjon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buan/ |
| Li Rong | /biuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ban/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ar/ |
| English | luxuriant (growth) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2896 |
| Phonetic component | 番 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 煩 |
| Old Chinese | /*ban/ |

#### Definitions

蕃
* (literary) luxuriant; lush
* (literary) abundant; numerous
    From: 周敦頤 (Zhou Dunyi) (1017-1073), 愛蓮說
    Shuǐlù cǎomù zhī huā, kě'ài zhě shèn fán. [Pinyin]
    Of all the flora across land and water, there are plenty to adore.
* (literary) to breed; to multiply; to proliferate

#### Compounds

* 生息蕃庶
* 蕃坊
* 蕃孌 / 蕃娈
* 蕃庶
* 蕃廡 / 蕃庑
* 蕃息 (fánxī)
* 蕃昌 (fánchāng)
* 蕃殖 (fánzhí)
* 蕃滋
* 蕃熟 (fánshú)
* 蕃育
* 蕃蕪 / 蕃芜
* 蕃衍 (fányǎn)
* 蕃衍不絕 / 蕃衍不绝
* 阜蕃
* 陳蕃一室 / 陈蕃一室
* 陳蕃下榻 / 陈蕃下榻

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fān, fán
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ, ㄈㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fān
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fan
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fán
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fán
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$
*** Yale: fán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^4$
*** Yale: fàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoan
*** Tâi-lô: huan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjon
Rime :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 甫煩切 |
| Baxter | pjon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puan/ |
| Li Rong | /piuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*par/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjon › |
| Old Chinese | /*par/ |
| English | hedge, screen, fence |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 2881 |
| Phonetic component | 番 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蕃 |
| Old Chinese | /*pan/ |

#### Definitions

蕃
* Alternative form of 藩 (“to shield; to protect”)

#### Compounds

* 蕃侯
* 蕃籬之鷃 / 蕃篱之𮭨

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fān (fan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fān
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fan
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^1$
*** Yale: fāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

蕃
* Alternative form of 番 (“foreign”)

#### Compounds

* 蕃帽
* 蕃舶
* 蕃薯 (Fānshǔ)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bō, fān (bo$^1$, fan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ, ㄈㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bo$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland China)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bō
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bo
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$
*** Yale: bwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fān
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fan
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bo$^3$
*** Yale: bo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔː³³/

#### Definitions

蕃
* Only used in 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “(historical) Tibet”) and 土蕃 (“(historical) Tibet”).

#### Compounds

* 吐蕃
* 土蕃

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fān (fan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fān
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fan
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

蕃
* (organic chemistry) phane

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* grow thick and full (of plant growth)
* multiply, increase

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほん (hon)、ぼん (bon)
* Kan-on: はん (han)
* Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
* Kun: しげる (shigeru, 蕃る)、まがき (magaki, 蕃)
* Nanori: しく (shiku)、しげ (shige)、しげり (shigeri)、ば (ba)、ふさ (fusa)、みつ (mitsu)、もり (mori)

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 蕃 is mostly replaced by 繁, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.
In modern Japanese, 蕃 is mostly replaced by 蛮, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Compounds

* 蕃(はん)育(いく) (han'iku)
* 蕃(はん)衛(えい) (han'ei) (藩(はん)衛(えい))
* 蕃(はん)衍(えん) (han'en) (繁(はん)衍(えん))
* 蕃(はん)国(こく) (hankoku) (藩(はん)国(こく))
* 蕃(はん)祉(し) (hanshi) (繁(はん)祉(し))
* 蕃(はん)昌(しょう) (hanshō) (繁(はん)昌(しょう))
* 蕃(はん)殖(しょく) (hanshoku) (繁(はん)殖(しょく))
* 蕃(はん)息(そく) (hansoku) (繁(はん)息(そく))
* 蕃(はん)畜(ちく) (hanchiku)
* 蕃(はん)蕪(ぶ) (hanbu)
* 蕃(はん)廡(ぶ) (hanbu)
* 蕃(はん)阜(ぷ) (hanpu)
* 蕃(はん)服(ぷく) (hanpuku)
* 蕃(はん)屛(ぺい) (hanpei) (藩(はん)屛(ぺい))
* 蕃(はん)茂(も) (hanmo) (繁(はん)茂(も))
* 蕃(はん)籬(り) (hanri) (藩(はん)籬(り))
* 阜(ふ)蕃(はん) (fuhan) (阜(ふ)繁(はん))

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 蕃
* ばん Jinmeiyō
* kan'yōon
From Middle Chinese 蕃 (MC pjon).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bã̠ɴ]

### Affix

蕃(ばん) • (ban)
* barbarian
* (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal
* (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    太(タ)魯(ロ)閣(コ)蕃(ばん)、霧(む)社(しゃ)蕃(ばん)
       taroko-ban, musha-ban
       (please add an English translation of this example)

#### Derived terms

* 蕃(ばん)夷(い) (ban'i) (蛮(ばん)夷(い))
* 蕃(ばん)茄(か) (banka)
* 蕃(ばん)客(かく) (bankaku)
* 蕃(ばん)瓜(か)樹(じゅ) (bankaju)
* 蕃(ばん)境(きょう) (bankyō)
* 蕃(ばん)語(ご) (bango) (番(ばん)語(ご))
* 蕃(ばん)紅(こう)花(か) (bankōka) (番(ばん)紅(こう)花(か))
* 蕃(ばん)国(こく) (bankoku) (藩(ばん)国(こく))
* 蕃(ばん)社(しゃ) (bansha)
* 蕃(ばん)習(しゅう) (banshū) (蛮(ばん)習(しゅう))
* 蕃(ばん)戎(じゅう) (banjū)
* 蕃(ばん)書(しょ) (bansho)
* 蕃(ばん)庶(しょ) (bansho)
* 蕃(ばん)藷(しょ), 蕃(ばん)薯(しょ) (bansho)
* 蕃(ばん)昌(しょう) (banshō) (繁(ばん)昌(しょう))
* 蕃(ばん)椒(しょう) (banshō) (番(ばん)椒(しょう))
* 蕃(ばん)神(しん) (banshin) (蛮(ばん)神(しん))
* 蕃(ばん)莘(しん) (banshin)
* 蕃(ばん)人(じん) (banjin)
* 蕃(ばん)生(せい) (bansei)
* 蕃(ばん)船(せん) (bansen) (番(ばん)船(せん))
* 蕃(ばん)僧(そう) (bansō) (番(ばん)僧(そう))
* 蕃(ばん)俗(ぞく) (banzoku)
* 蕃(ばん)族(ぞく) (banzoku) (蛮(ばん)族(ぞく))
* 蕃(ばん)地(ち) (banchi) (蛮(ばん)地(ち))
* 蕃(ばん)土(ど) (bando) (蛮(ばん)土(ど))
* 蕃(ばん)舶(ぱく) (banpaku) (蛮(ばん)舶(ぱく))
* 蕃(ばん)別(べつ) (banbetsu)
* 蕃(ばん)坊(ぼう) (banbō)
* 蕃(ばん)茉(まつ)莉(り) (banmatsuri)
* 蕃(ばん)民(みん) (banmin)
* 蕃(ばん)茘(れい)枝(し) (banreishi)
* 外(がい)蕃(ばん) (gaiban)
* 玄(げん)蕃(ば) (genba)
* 熟(じゅく)蕃(ばん) (jukuban)
* 生(せい)蕃(ばん) (seiban)
* 西(せい)蕃(ばん) (seiban)
* 西(せい)蕃(ばん) (Seiban)
* 吐(と)蕃(ばん) (Toban) (吐(と)番(ばん), 土(と)蕃(ばん))
* 土(ど)蕃(ばん) (doban)
* 阜(ふ)蕃(ばん) (fuban)

### See also

* 蛮(ばん) (ban)

## Korean
### Hanja

蕃 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蕃 (MC bjon|pjon).

### Phonogram

蕃 (po$_2$)
* Denotes phonographic syllable po$_2$.

#### Usage notes

Only used in the prose of the Kojiki of 712 CE (Miyake (2003) p. 254).

### Further reading

* Miyake (2003) p. 254

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蕃: Hán Nôm readings: phen, phên, phiên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation