# 理論
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lǐlùn
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лилун (lilun, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^5$ leon$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lî-lun
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí-lūn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^2$ lung$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐlùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐlùn
*** Wade–Giles: li$^3$-lun$^4$
*** Yale: lǐ-lwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiluenn
*** Palladius: лилунь (lilunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лилун (lilun, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²⁴ luŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^5$ leon$^6$
*** Yale: léih leuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^5$ loen$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^5$ lên$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-lun
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˊ$ lun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^1$ lun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-lūn
*** Tâi-lô: lí-lūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lylun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^2$ lung$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí lŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: liX lwon|lwonH
Rime :
| Character | 理 | 論 | 論 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 魂 (55) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 良士切 | 盧昆切 | 盧困切 |
| Baxter | liX | lwon | lwonH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨ$^X$/ | /luən/ | /luən$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɨ$^X$/ | /luon/ | /luon$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lie$^X$/ | /luən/ | /luən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨ$^X$/ | /lwən/ | /lwən$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liə$^X$/ | /luən/ | /luən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭə$^X$/ | /luən/ | /luən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li$^X$/ | /luən/ | /luən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǐ | lún | lùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^5$ | leon$^4$ | leon$^6$ |

### Noun

理論
* (mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory
    馬克思主義理論／马克思主义理论 ― mǎkèsīzhǔyì lǐlùn ― Marxist theory
* theory (as opposed to practice)
* reason

#### Synonyms

* (theory):
* 學說 / 学说 (xuéshuō)
* 理念 (lǐniàn)
* 理想 (lǐxiǎng) (literary)
* 說 / 说 (literary, or in compounds)
* 論理 / 论理 (lùnlǐ)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “theory”): 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

#### Derived terms

* 功能翻譯理論 / 功能翻译理论 (gōngnéng fānyì lǐlùn)
* 大霹靂理論 / 大霹雳理论 (Dàpīlì Lǐlùn)
* 弦理論 / 弦理论 (xiánlǐlùn)
* 心智理論 / 心智理论 (xīnzhì lǐlùn)
* 批判理論 / 批判理论 (pīpàn lǐlùn)
* 文學理論 / 文学理论 (wénxué lǐlùn)
* 文藝理論 / 文艺理论 (wényì lǐlùn)
* 樂理 / 乐理 (yuèlǐ)
* 混沌理論 / 混沌理论 (hùndùn lǐlùn)
* 理論上 / 理论上 (lǐlùnshàng)
* 理論家 / 理论家 (lǐlùnjiā)
* 目的性理論 / 目的性理论 (mùdìxìng lǐlùn)
* 突變理論 / 突变理论 (tūbiàn lǐlùn)
* 賽局理論 / 赛局理论 (sàijú lǐlùn)
* 酷兒理論 / 酷儿理论 (kù'ér lǐlùn)
* 音樂理論 / 音乐理论 (yīnyuè lǐlùn)

#### See also

* 思想 (sīxiǎng)
* 主義／主义 (zhǔyì)

### Verb

理論
* to debate; to argue (with)
* to reason things out; to judge between right and wrong
* (obsolete) to look after; to tend; to be in charge of

#### Synonyms

* (to debate):
* 分說 / 分说 (fēnshuō) (literary)
* 分辯 / 分辩 (fēnbiàn)
* 力爭 / 力争 (lìzhēng)
* 反駁 / 反驳 (fǎnbó)
* 急聒 (jíguō) (literary)
* 扳 (literary, or in compounds)
* 批駁 / 批驳 (pībó)
* 爭執 / 争执 (zhēngzhí)
* 爭持 / 争持 (zhēngchí)
* 爭論 / 争论 (zhēnglùn)
* 爭議 / 争议 (zhēngyì)
* 爭辯 / 争辩 (zhēngbiàn)
* 痛斥 (tòngchì) (as a denouncement)
* 盤喙錦 / 盘喙锦 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 盤話 / 盘话
* 相拗 (Hakka)
* 相諍 / 相诤 (Hokkien)
* 相諍相拁 / 相诤相拁 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 紛爭 / 纷争 (fēnzhēng)
* 聲辯 / 声辩 (shēngbiàn)
* 計較 / 计较
* 諍喙 / 诤喙 (Hokkien)
* 論戰 / 论战 (lùnzhàn)
* 論爭 / 论争 (lùnzhēng)
* 較量 / 较量 (jiàoliàng)
* 辯嘴 / 辩嘴 (bìng-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
* 辯白 / 辩白 (biànbái)
* 辯解 / 辩解 (biànjiě) (to try to defend oneself)
* 辯論 / 辩论 (biànlùn)
* 辯護 / 辩护 (biànhù)
* 辯駁 / 辩驳 (biànbó)
* 駁斥 / 驳斥 (bóchì) (as a denouncement)
* 駁議 / 驳议 (bóyì) (literary)
* (to reason things out):
* 評理 / 评理 (pínglǐ)
* 說明道理 / 说明道理 (shuōmíng dàolǐ)
* 說理 / 说理 (shuōlǐ)
* (to look after):
* 呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
* 帶量 / 带量 (dàiliàng) (literary)
* 招呼 (zhāohū)
* 照應 / 照应 (zhàoying)
* 照拂 (zhàofú)
* 照料 (zhàoliào)
* 照理 (zhàolǐ) (literary)
* 照看 (zhàokàn)
* 照管 (zhàoguǎn)
* 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
* 看管 (kānguǎn)
* 觀顧 / 观顾 (Hokkien)
* 調理 / 调理 (tiáolǐ)
* 關照 / 关照 (guānzhào)

### Adjective

理論
* (attributive) theoretical
    理論框架／理论框架 ― lǐlùn kuàngjià ― theoretical framework

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 理(り)論(ろん) (riron)
* → Korean: 이론(理論) (iron)
* → Vietnamese: lý luận (理論)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 理 | 論 |
| り Grade: 2 | ろん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

理(り)論(ろん) • (riron)
* a theory

#### Derived terms

* 理(り)論(ろん)的(てき) (rironteki): (adnominal) theoretical
* 理(り)論(ろん)的(てき)に (rironteki ni): (adv.) theoretically
* 理論的(りろんてき)には (rironteki ni wa): (adv.) theoretically speaking
* 理論上(りろんじょう) (rironjō): (adv.) theoretically
* グラフ理論(りろん) (gurafu riron)
* 理論家(りろんか) (rironka): theorist
* 理論化学(りろんかがく) (rironkagaku): theoretical chemistry
* 理論空燃比(りろんくうねんひ) (rironkūnenhi)
* 理論体系(りろんたいけい) (rirontaikei)
* 理論値(りろんち) (rironchi)
* 理論(りろん)づける (rironzukeru), 理論付(りろんづ)ける (rironzukeru)
* 理論哲学(りろんてつがく) (rirontetsugaku): theoretical philosophy
* 理論闘争(りろんとうそう) (rirontōsō): theoretical dispute
* 理論武装(りろんぶそう) (rironbusō)
* 理論物理学(りろんぶつりがく) (rironbutsurigaku): theoretical physics

### Anagrams

* 論理(ろんり) (ronri)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 理 | 論 |

### Noun

理論 • (iron) (hangeul 이론)
* hanja form of 이론 (“theory”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 理 | 論 |

### Noun

理論
* chữ Hán form of lí luận (“theory”).