OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# fía
## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* fiya

### Etymology

From Latin fīlia.

### Noun

fía f (plural fíes)
* daughter

#### Related terms

* fíu

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Back-formation from fiar (“to spin”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfi.a̝/

#### Noun

fía m (plural fías)
* (historical) evening meeting for spinning and socializing
    Synonyms: fiandón, fiada, fiadeiro, serán

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fía”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fía”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fía”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fía
* inflection of fiar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Portuguese

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Noun

fía f (plural fías, masculine fio, masculine plural fios)
* Pronunciation spelling of filha, representing Caipira Portuguese.
    Synonym: fia

## Spanish
### Verb

fía
* inflection of fiar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* AFI
# gagging order
## English
### Noun

gagging order (plural gagging orders)
* (British) An official order forbidding press or broadcast discussion of a specified subject; a public interest immunity certificate.
** 2019 April 17, Simon Murphy, “UK universities pay out £90m on staff 'gagging orders' in past two years”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:The figures, uncovered by the BBC, have prompted allegations that universities are deliberately using gagging orders to stop grievances becoming public.

#### See also

* gag order (US)
# jíuxǐng
## Mandarin
### Romanization

jíuxǐng (Zhuyin ㄐㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˇ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 酒醒
# drošākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

drošākā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of drošāks

### Adjective

drošākā
* inflection of drošākais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# trasferire
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin trānsferō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tra.sfeˈri.re/
* Rhymes: -ire
* Hyphenation: tra‧sfe‧rì‧re

### Verb

trasferìre (first-person singular present trasferìsco, first-person singular past historic trasferìi, past participle trasferìto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to transfer, move, remove, shift
* (transitive, law) to convey, transfer

#### Derived terms

* trasferibile
* trasferimento
* trasferirsi
* trasferta

### Further reading

* trasferire in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* ferrariste
# 歸尾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kui-bóe / kui-bé / kui-bér
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-bóe
*** Tâi-lô: kui-bué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kui'boea
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ bue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-bé
*** Tâi-lô: kui-bé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kui'bea
*** IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-bér
*** Tâi-lô: kui-bér

### Adverb

歸尾
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) ultimately; in the end; at the end of the day; finally; at last; in conclusion

#### Synonyms

* 最後／最后 (zuìhòu)
* 最終／最终 (zuìzhōng)

### Noun

歸尾
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, traditional Chinese medicine) a sliver of dong quai (Chinese angelica, Angelica sinensis)

#### See also

* 當歸／当归
# stercus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terǵ-, *(s)terḱ-, *(s)treḱ- (“manure, dung; to sully, soil, decay”), with similar words across Indo-European branches, albeit with various phonetic difficulties. Compare Welsh troeth (“urine”), Hittite [script needed] (ištar(k)-, “to ail, afflict”), Lithuanian ter̃šti (“to soil”), as well as Proto-Germanic *þrakjaz (“dirt”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈster.kus/, [ˈs̠t̪ɛrkʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈster.kus/, [ˈst̪ɛrkus]

### Noun

stercus n (genitive stercoris); third declension
* dung, excrement, ordure
    Synonyms: fimum, laetāmen

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* stercorārius
* stercoreus
* stercorō
* stercorōsus

#### Related terms

* stercorātiō
* stercorātus

#### Descendants

* Galician: esterco
* Italian: sterco
* Portuguese: esterco
* Romanian: șterc
* Spanish: estiércol

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stercus, -oris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 585

### Further reading

* “stercus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “stercus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* stercus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* stercus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# dungeon-crawled
## English
### Verb

dungeon-crawled
* simple past and past participle of dungeon-crawl
# bekannt
## German
### Etymology

Compare English bekenned.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈkant/
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Rhymes: -ant

### Participle

bekannt
* past participle of bekennen

### Adjective

bekannt (strong nominative masculine singular bekannter, comparative bekannter, superlative am bekanntesten)
* known, familiar [with für (+ accusative) ‘for/due to something’]
    Antonym: unbekannt
    Mittelmeerländer sind bekannt für ihre gutes Olivenöl. ― Mediterranean countries are known for their olive oil.
    Asbest ist dafür bekannt, Krebs zu verursachen. ― Asbestos is known to cause cancer.

#### Derived terms

* Bekannter, Bekannte
* Bekanntheit
* bekanntheitsfördernd
* bekanntlich
* Bekanntschaft
* weltbekannt

### Further reading

* “bekannt” in Duden online
* “bekannt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# sual
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [suˈɑɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sual (definite accusative sualı, plural suallar)
* question

#### Derived terms

* sorğu-sual

### Further reading

* “sual” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | суаль |
| Roman | |

### Etymology

From Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧al

### Noun

sual
* question

#### Derived terms

* sualli

### References

* “sual”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʊˈɑːl/

### Noun

sual m or f
* question

#### Alternative forms

* sewal
* suwal
* siwal

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سؤال (sual), from Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [suˈal], (before suffixes beginning with vowels) [suˈaːl]
* Hyphenation: su‧al

### Noun

sual (definite accusative suali, plural sualler or (obsolete) esile)
* (dated) question
    Synonym: soru
    Antonyms: yanıt, cevap

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sual”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sual”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “sual”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# drēgnākos
## Latvian
### Adjective

drēgnākos
* locative plural masculine of drēgnāks

### Adjective

drēgnākos
* accusative plural masculine of drēgnākais
# ἀδεής
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ᾰ̓δειής (ădeiḗs) — Epic

### Etymology

From ᾰ̓- (ă-, “not”) +‎ δείδω (deídō, “to fear”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjectival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.de.ɛ̌ːs/ → /a.ðeˈis/ → /a.ðeˈis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.de.ɛ̌ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.deˈe̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ðeˈis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.ðeˈis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.ðeˈis/

### Adjective

ᾰ̓δεής • (ădeḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓δεές); third declension (Attic, Ionic, Epic)
* fearless, not experiencing fear
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.117
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 386b
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.37
* not causing fear
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.36
** 351 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Liberty of the Rhodians 22

#### Derived terms

* ἄδειᾰ (ádeiă)
* ἀδεῶς (adeôs)

### Further reading

* “ἀδεής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# esercitare
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin exercitāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.zer.t͡ʃiˈta.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: e‧ser‧ci‧tà‧re
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

esercitàre (first-person singular present esèrcito, first-person singular past historic esercitài, past participle esercitàto, auxiliary avére) (transitive)
* to train (students, soldiers, etc.) [with a ‘in a subject’; or with a (+ infinitive) ‘to (do something)’]
    Synonyms: addestrare, istruire
    esercitare gli studenti alla scrittura ― to train students in writing
* (military) to drill
* to accustom [with a ‘to something’]
    Synonym: assuefare
    esercitare la mente allo studio ― to accustom the mind to studying
* to exercise (the brain, mind, muscles, etc.)
* to exercise, to exert (power, influence)
* (law) to exercise (a right)
* to practice (a profession, a trade)
    Synonyms: usare, attuare, praticare

#### Related terms

* esercitabile
* esercitarsi
* esercitato
* esercitazione
* esercito
* esercizio

### Anagrams

* cariereste, eserciterà, secreterai
# New World mice
## English
### Noun

New World mice
* plural of New World mouse
# oh my god particles
## English
### Noun

oh my god particles
* plural of oh my god particle
# cross-fades
## English
### Noun

cross-fades
* plural of cross-fade

### Verb

cross-fades
* third-person singular simple present indicative of cross-fade
# kłyk
## Polish
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps from an East Slavic language, e.g. Belarusian клык (klyk), from Proto-Slavic *kъlykъ”

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈkwɘk/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈkɫɘk]

### Noun

kłyk m inan (diminutive kłycek)
* (Kuyavia) stump (tree trunk broken off of branches, a cabbage head without leaves)
    Liszki objadły kapustę, pozostały tylko kłyki. (Zbijewo) ― The foxes ate the cabbage, only the stump remained.
* (Przemyśl) Synonym of ząb

#### Related terms

* kieł
* kłycek

### Further reading

* Władysław Matlakowski (1892) “kłyk”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 8
* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “kłyk”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 335
# sorgular
## Turkish
### Noun

sorgular
* nominative plural of sorgu
# drēgnākās
## Latvian
### Adjective

drēgnākās
* locative plural feminine of drēgnāks

### Adjective

drēgnākās
* inflection of drēgnākais:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/vocative/accusative plural feminine
# smelle
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* smella

### Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Compare smell. The weak verb is a causative of the strong verb. The noun is derived from the verb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²smɛl.lə/

### Verb

smelle (present tense smell, past tense small, supine smolle, present participle smollen, past participle smellande, imperative smell)
* (intransitive) to bang, to produce a loud noise
    Synonyms: brake, skrelle, knalle

#### Derived terms

* kjefte og smelle
* no smell det
* skjenne og smelle
* smellar m

### Verb

smelle (present tense smeller, past tense smelte, past participle smelt, passive infinitive smellast, present participle smellande, imperative smell)
* (causative) to smack, hit, bang or slam to the effect of making a loud and short noise
    smelle neven i bordetto slam one's fist at the table
* (figurative, transitive) to scold
* (colloquial, transitive) to shoot with a firearm
* (colloquial, transitive) to blow up by use of explosives
    Synonyms: sprenge, minere

#### Derived terms

* smelle på tjukka
* smelle til

### Noun

smelle f (definite singular smella, indefinite plural smeller, definite plural smellene)
* (botany) plant of genus Silene, which includes some campions and catchflies
* a tool used to produce a short, loud noise
* a loud and noisy person

#### Derived terms

* engsmelle
* fjellsmelle
* hengjesmelle
* kjeftesmelle
* nattsmelle
* nikkesmelle
* raudsmelle
* smelleblom
* smellegras
* småsmelle
* strandsmelle
* tatarsmelle

### References

* “smelle” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# summer time
## English
### Noun

summer time (uncountable)
* (British) daylight saving time
** 1951 June, “The Why and the Wherefore: Railways and Summer Time”, in Railway Magazine, page 429:When the clocks are put forward at the introduction of summer time, the long-distance night trains automatically become one hour late, and continue to run late for the remainder of their journeys. […] Similarly, when the clocks are put back in the autumn, the night trains become one hour early.

#### Derived terms

* British Double Summer Time
* British Summer Time
* Central European Summer Time
* Double Summer Time
* Eastern European Summer Time
* European Summer Time
* Irish Summer Time
* Middle European Summer Time
* Moscow Summer Time
* West Africa Summer Time
* Western European Summer Time
# Blindheim
## German
### Etymology

By surface analysis, blind (“blind”) +‎ Heim (“home”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈblɪntˌhaɪ̯m]
* Hyphenation: Blind‧heim

### Proper noun

Blindheim n (proper noun, genitive Blindheims or (optionally with an article) Blindheim)
* A village and a municipality in Dillingen district, Bavaria

#### Declension

$^1$Optionally with an article.

#### Derived terms

* Blindheimer
** Blindheimerin

#### Related terms

* Blindbach
* Bodenheim, Hartheim, Steinheim, Windheim

#### Descendants

* → English: Blenheim
# rare earth metal
## English
### Noun

rare earth metal (plural rare earth metals)
* A rare earth element.

#### See also

* rare earth
* rare earth mineral
# cross-fading
## English
### Verb

cross-fading
* present participle and gerund of cross-fade
# mafu
## Japanese
### Romanization

mafu
* Rōmaji transcription of まふ

## Swahili
### Noun

mafu
* plural of afu
# drēgnākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

drēgnākā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of drēgnāks

### Adjective

drēgnākā
* inflection of drēgnākais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# xût
## Jersey Dutch
### Alternative forms

* xûat

### Etymology

From Dutch goed, from Middle Dutch goet, from Old Dutch guot, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xut/, [xuːət]

### Adjective

xût (inflected xûje)
* good

#### Derived terms

* xûje dâx
* xûjen âvond
# competere
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin competere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /komˈpɛ.te.re/
* Rhymes: -ɛtere
* Hyphenation: com‧pè‧te‧re

### Verb

compètere (first-person singular present compèto, first-person singular past historic competéi, no past participle) (intransitive)
* to compete, vie, rival
    Synonyms: gareggiare, rivaleggiare
* to be due, be owing, have a right to
    Synonyms: spettare, essere dovuto
* to be up to, lie with, be somebody's duty
    Synonyms: spettare, essere compito

#### Related terms

* competente
* competenza
* competitivo
* competitore
* competizione

## Latin
### Verb

competēre
* second-person singular future passive indicative of competō

### Verb

competere
* inflection of competō:
** present active infinitive
** second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative
# faggits
## English
### Noun

faggits
* plural of faggit
# daínda
## Ladino
### Adverb

daínda (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling דאאינדה)
* Alternative form of aínda

### References

* ↑ “daínda”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.
# 薄い
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 薄
* うす Grade: S
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うすい [ùsúí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) うすい [ùsúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɯ̟sɨi]
* Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「薄い」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Continuative (連用形) | 薄く | うすく | [ùsúkú] |
| Terminal (終止形) | 薄い | うすい うすい | [ùsúí] [ùsúꜜì] |
| Attributive (連体形) | 薄い | うすい | [ùsúí] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 薄くない | うすくない | [ùsúkúnáꜜì] |
| Informal past | 薄かった | うすかった | [ùsúꜜkàttà] |
| Informal negative past | 薄くなかった | うすくなかった | [ùsúkúnáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 薄いです | うすいです | [ùsúꜜìdèsù] |
| Conjunctive | 薄くて | うすくて | [ùsúꜜkùtè] |
| Conditional | 薄ければ | うすければ | [ùsúꜜkèrèbà] |

### Adjective

薄(うす)い • (usui) -i (adverbial 薄(うす)く (usuku))
* thin
    Antonym: 厚い (atsui)
    薄(うす)いキーボード ― usui kībōdo ― thin keyboard
* (figuratively) thin, weak, diluted
    Antonym: 濃い (koi)
    薄(うす)い味(あじ) ― usui aji ― weak flavor
    反応(はんのう)が薄(うす)い
       hannō ga usui
       receiving a weak reaction; receiving a weak response
    必要性(ひつようせい)が薄(うす)い
       hitsuyōsei ga usui
       not very necessary
       (literally, “[its] necessity is thin”)

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 薄かろ | うすかろ | usukaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 薄く | うすく | usuku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 薄い | うすい | usui |
| Attributive (連体形) | 薄い | うすい | usui |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 薄けれ | うすけれ | usukere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 薄かれ | うすかれ | usukare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 薄くない | うすくない | usuku nai |
| Informal past | 薄かった | うすかった | usukatta |
| Informal negative past | 薄くなかった | うすくなかった | usuku nakatta |
| Formal | 薄いです | うすいです | usui desu |
| Formal negative | 薄くないです | うすくないです | usuku nai desu |
| Formal past | 薄かったです | うすかったです | usukatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 薄くなかったです | うすくなかったです | usuku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 薄くて | うすくて | usukute |
| Conditional | 薄ければ | うすければ | usukereba |
| Provisional | 薄かったら | うすかったら | usukattara |
| Volitional | 薄かろう | うすかろう | usukarō |
| Adverbial | 薄く | うすく | usuku |
| Degree | 薄さ | うすさ | ususa |

#### Derived terms

* 分(ぶ)が薄(うす)い (bu ga usui): be thin
* 味(あじ)が薄(うす)い (aji ga usui): lightly seasoned
* 情(じょう)が薄(うす)い (jō ga usui): be coldhearted (hardhearted)
* 興(きょう)味(み)が薄(うす)い (kyōmi ga usui): uninteresting
* 髪(かみ)が薄(うす)い (kami ga usui): have thin hair
* 薄(うす)い本(ほん) (usui hon):

#### See also

* 細(ほそ)い (hosoi)
* うすまる (usumaru)
* うすめる (usumeru)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# dehegemonisasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dehegemonization.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /deheɡemoniˈsasi/ [de.he.ɡe.mo.niˈsa.si]
* Rhymes: -asi
* Syllabification: de‧he‧ge‧mo‧ni‧sa‧si

### Noun

dehegemonisasi (uncountable)
* (international relations, politics) dehegemonization

### Further reading

* “dehegemonisasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# čagalj
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چقال (çakal), from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).
Doublet of šȁkal, from German Schakal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃǎɡaʎ/
* Hyphenation: ča‧galj

### Noun

čàgalj m (Cyrillic spelling ча̀гаљ)
* jackal
    Synonym: šȁkal

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “čagalj”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# 史觀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǐguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^2$ gun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǐguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǐhguan
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^3$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: shř-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyyguan
*** Palladius: шигуань (šiguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$史官 史觀 / 史观
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^2$ gun$^1$
*** Yale: sí gūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^2$ gun$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^2$ gun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː³⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/

### Noun

史觀
* view of history; historical perspective
    唯物史觀／唯物史观 ― wéiwùshǐguān ― materialist conception of history
    臺獨史觀／台独史观 ― táidú shǐguān ― view of history of Taiwan independence advocates

#### Synonyms

* 歷史觀／历史观 (lìshǐguān)

#### Derived terms

* 唯心史觀 / 唯心史观
* 唯物史觀 / 唯物史观 (wéiwù shǐguān)
* 歷史觀 / 历史观 (lìshǐguān)
* 民生史觀 / 民生史观
* 經濟史觀 / 经济史观

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 史 | 觀 |
| し Grade: 5 | かん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

史(し)觀(かん) • (shikan)
* Kyūjitai form of 史観: view of history; historical perspective
# -ность
## Russian
### Etymology

Probably originated from the suffix -ость (-ostʹ) added to words ending in -ный (-nyj), and was then extracted by rebracketing as a productive suffix. The same thing happened with e.g. -тельный (-telʹnyj) and English -ness.

### Suffix

-ность • (-nostʹ)
* Suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives. A less productive alternative to -ость (-ostʹ), except after щ, where it is the regular suffix.
    гото́вый (gotóvyj, “ready”) → гото́вность (gotóvnostʹ, “readiness”) (no such word *гото́вный exists, making it a special case.)
    о́бщий (óbščij, “general, common”) → о́бщность (óbščnostʹ, “generality, community”) (no such word *о́бщный exists)
* Suffix forming nouns with the meaning of a group of things characterized by the quality designated by the adjectives from which the nouns are formed.
    живо́й (živój, “living”) → жи́вность (žívnostʹ, “small creatures collectively”)
* Suffix forming nouns of various sorts from miscellaneous parts of speech.
    пове́рх (povérx, “over”) → пове́рхность (povérxnostʹ, “surface”)

#### Usage notes

* Not all words in -ность (-nostʹ) contain this suffix. Most of them are formed from -ость (-ostʹ) added to adjectives in -ный (-nyj), e.g. вре́дность (vrédnostʹ, “harmfulness”) from вре́дный (vrédnyj, “harmful”).
* As noted above, -ность (-nostʹ) is the regular alternative to -ость (-ostʹ) after adjectives whose stem ends in щ, e.g. о́бщий (óbščij), су́щий (súščij), бу́дущий (búduščij).

#### Related terms

* -арность (-arnostʹ)
* -ентность (-entnostʹ)
* -енциозность (-encioznostʹ)
* -ивность (-ivnostʹ)
* -ость (-ostʹ)
* -ярность (-jarnostʹ)

#### See also

* -щи́на (-ščína), -ство (-stvo), other suffixes for states of being, or being collective

### References

* T. F. Yefremova (2006), The New Dictionary of the Russian Language
# fagget
## English
### Noun

fagget (plural faggets)
* (vulgar, offensive, derogatory) Alternative spelling of faggot