# 針

| 針 | U+91DD, &#37341; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91DD |
| ← 釜 [U+91DC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 釞 → [U+91DE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

針 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金十 (CJ), four-corner 8410$_0$, composition ⿰釒十)

#### Derived characters

* 𭿒, 𢲥, 𰦈, 𢟙, 𣻁, 𫃋, 𢔿, 𫠍, 𣗒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40165
* Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4168, character 5
* Unihan data for U+91DD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 針
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 針 | *kjum, *kjums |
| 汁 | *kjub |
| 卙 | *kʰljub |
| 十 | *ɡjub |
| 什 | *ɡjub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjum, *kjums) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra(p/m) (“needle”); compare Tibetan ཁབ (khab), Burmese အပ် (ap) (STEDT; Hill, 2017). See also 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), 譖 (OC *ʔsrums, “to accuse, slander”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zhěn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җын (žɨn, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): zam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zim$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
    (Hailu, HRS): zhim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zem$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): céng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiam / cham / chim / cherm / chem
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zam$^1$ / zang$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jiam$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zam$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$tsen / $^1$tseen / $^1$cin
** (Jinhua): $^1$cin
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): din$^1$ / jin$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^1$
*** Yale: jēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zen$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: zhěn
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂẽ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җын (žɨn, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^1$
*** Yale: jām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: zam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sim³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ziin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɨn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡səm⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: céng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore, Klang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
*** Tâi-lô: tsiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /t͡siam⁵⁵/
*** IPA (Longyan): /t͡siam³³⁴/
*** IPA (Klang): /t͡siam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Singapore): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Klang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
*** Tâi-lô: tsam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
*** IPA (Yongchun, Kinmen): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Lukang, Klang): /t͡sam³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
*** Tâi-lô: tsim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cym
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Nan'an, Yongchun, Yongchun)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherm
*** Tâi-lô: tserm
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Nan'an): /t͡səm³³/
*** IPA (Yongchun, Yongchun): /t͡səm⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chem
*** Tâi-lô: tsem
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefm
*** IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sem³³/
* chiam/cham - vernacular;
* chim/cherm/chem - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyim, tsyimH
Rime :
| Character | 針 | 針 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 職深切 | 之任切 |
| Baxter | tsyim | tsyimH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪm/ | /t͡ɕiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕim/ | /t͡ɕim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjem/ | /t͡ɕjem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cim/ | /cim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəm/ | /t͡ɕiəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕm/ | /t͡ɕĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əm/ | /t͡ɕi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēn | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^1$ | zam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjum/, /*kjums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 針 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyim › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[k]əm/ |
| English | needle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 針 | 針 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11448 | 11449 |
| Phonetic component | 十 | 十 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斟 | 枕 |
| Old Chinese | /*kjum/ | /*kjums/ |
| Notes | 見淮南子，說文作鍼 | |

### Definitions

針
* (countable) needle (Classifier: 根 m; 枚 m; 枝 c mn; 眼 c)
    alt. forms: 箴 (zhēn)
* needle-like object; pin; brooch; hand (of a clock or watch); tack
    時針／时针 ― shízhēn ― hour hand
    指南針／指南针 ― zhǐnánzhēn ― compass
* injection
    打針／打针 ― dǎzhēn ― to give or receive an injection
    防疫針／防疫针 ― fángyìzhēn ― vaccination
    流感針／流感针 [Cantonese] ― lau$^4$ gam$^2$ zam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― flu shot
    荷爾蒙針／荷尔蒙针 [Cantonese] ― ho$^6$ ji$^5$ mung$^4$ zam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― hormone injection
* acupuncture
* to poke; to sting
* (Cantonese) to pick on; to aim at someone personally
* (Cantonese) spy; informer; probe (Classifier: 條／条 c)
* Classifier for the number of injections.
* Classifier for the number of stitches.

### Compounds

* 一針見血 / 一针见血 (yīzhēnjiànxiě)
* 丟巧針 / 丢巧针
* 九針 / 九针
* 亂針繡 / 乱针绣
* 倒扣針兒 / 倒扣针儿
* 做針線 / 做针线
* 刀割針扎
* 分針 / 分针 (fēnzhēn)
* 別針 / 别针 (biézhēn)
* 唱針 / 唱针 (chàngzhēn)
* 啄針兒 / 啄针儿
* 嗎啡針 / 吗啡针
* 大政方針 / 大政方针
* 大海撈針 / 大海捞针 (dàhǎilāozhēn)
* 大頭針 / 大头针 (dàtóuzhēn)
* 太乙神針 / 太乙神针
* 如坐針氈 / 如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
* 對針 / 对针
* 小針美容 / 小针美容
* 平針縫 / 平针缝
* 引線穿針 / 引线穿针
* 強心針 / 强心针 (qiángxīnzhēn)
* 張飛穿針 / 张飞穿针
* 弼針 / 弼针
* 彈針 / 弹针
* 懸針 / 悬针
* 懸針垂露 / 悬针垂露
* 扎針 (zházhēn)
* 打針 / 打针 (dǎzhēn)
* 抵針 / 抵针
* 披針形葉 / 披针形叶
* 拈針指 / 拈针指
* 指北針 / 指北针 (zhǐběizhēn)
* 指南針 / 指南针 (zhǐnánzhēn)
* 指針 / 指针 (zhǐzhēn)
* 捻針 / 捻针
* 插針都插唔入 / 插针都插唔入
* 搗針 / 捣针
* 搖針 / 摇针
* 撞針 / 撞针 (zhuàngzhēn)
* 擺針 / 摆针
* 敹一針 / 敹一针
* 方針 / 方针 (fāngzhēn)
* 時針 / 时针 (shízhēn)
* 暈針 / 晕针 (yūnzhēn)
* 有針線 / 有针线
* 東海撈針 / 东海捞针 (dōnghǎilāozhēn)
* 枝針 / 枝针
* 松針 / 松针 (sōngzhēn)
* 棘針 / 棘针
* 棒針 / 棒针 (bàngzhēn)
* 棘針科 / 棘针科
* 棒針衫 / 棒针衫 (bàngzhēnshān)
* 棘針門 / 棘针门
* 步線行針 / 步线行针
* 毫針 / 毫针
* 水底撈針 / 水底捞针 (shuǐdǐlāozhēn)
* 海底撈針 / 海底捞针 (hǎidǐlāozhēn)
* 燔針 / 燔针
* 短針 / 短针 (duǎnzhēn)
* 石針 / 石针
* 磁針 / 磁针 (cízhēn)
* 磨杵成針 / 磨杵成针
* 磨針溪 / 磨针溪
* 磨鐵成針 / 磨铁成针
* 秒針 / 秒针 (miǎozhēn)
* 秧針 / 秧针
* 穿針引線 / 穿针引线 (chuānzhēnyǐnxiàn)
* 細針密縷 / 细针密缕
* 絞包針 / 绞包针
* 綿裡針 / 绵里针
* 繃針 / 绷针
* 縫針補線 / 缝针补线
* 繡花針 / 绣花针 (xiùhuāzhēn)
* 繡針 / 绣针
* 羅盤針 / 罗盘针
* 耳針 / 耳针
* 胸針 / 胸针 (xiōngzhēn)
* 花兒針 / 花儿针
* 茅針 / 茅针 (máozhēn)
* 藏針縫 / 藏针缝
* 蛇口蜂針 / 蛇口蜂针
* 蠻針瞎灸 / 蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
* 行針步線 / 行针步线
* 補針 / 补针
* 見縫插針 / 见缝插针 (jiànfèngchāzhēn)
* 討針線 / 讨针线
* 迴紋針 / 回纹针 (huíwénzhēn)
* 退針 / 退针
* 避雷針 / 避雷针 (bìléizhēn)
* 金針 / 金针 (jīnzhēn)
* 金針度人 / 金针度人
* 金針花 / 金针花
* 金針菇 / 金针菇 (jīnzhēngū)
* 金針菜 / 金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
* 針劑 / 针剂 (zhēnjì)
* 針墊 / 针垫
* 針孔 / 针孔 (zhēnkǒng)
* 針孔現象 / 针孔现象
* 針對 / 针对 (zhēnduì)
* 針尖兒 / 针尖儿 (zhēnjiānr)
* 針工 / 针工
* 針形葉 / 针形叶
* 針指 / 针指 (zhēnzhǐ)
* 針挑刀挖 / 针挑刀挖
* 釘書針 / 钉书针
* 針氈 / 针毡
* 針法 / 针法 (zhēnfǎ)
* 針灸 / 针灸
* 針灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
* 針灸麻醉 / 针灸麻醉
* 針眼 / 针眼
* 針砭 / 针砭 (zhēnbiān)
* 針神 / 针神
* 針筆 / 针笔
* 針筒 / 针筒 (zhēntǒng)
* 針筆匠 / 针笔匠
* 針箍 / 针箍
* 針線 / 针线 (zhēnxiàn)
* 針線娘 / 针线娘
* 針線扁 / 针线扁
* 針線盒 / 针线盒
* 針織 / 针织 (zhēnzhī)
* 針織品 / 针织品 (zhēnzhīpǐn)
* 針腳 / 针脚 (zhēnjiǎo)
* 針芥相投 / 针芥相投
* 針葉林 / 针叶林 (zhēnyèlín)
* 針葉樹 / 针叶树 (zhēnyèshù)
* 針針見血 / 针针见血
* 針鋩 / 针铓
* 針鋒 / 针锋 (zhēnfēng)
* 針鋒相對 / 针锋相对 (zhēnfēngxiāngduì)
* 針鋒相投 / 针锋相投
* 針關 / 针关
* 針頭 / 针头 (zhēntóu)
* 針頭線腦 / 针头线脑 (zhēntóuxiànnǎo)
* 針餌莫減 / 针饵莫减
* 針黹 / 针黹 (zhēnzhǐ)
* 針黹紡績 / 针黹纺绩
* 針鼹
* 針鼻兒 / 针鼻儿 (zhēnbír)
* 鉤針 / 钩针 (gōuzhēn)
* 錶針 / 表针 (biǎozhēn)
* 鍉針 / 𫔂针
* 鐵杵磨針 / 铁杵磨针
* 長針 / 长针 (chángzhēn)
* 電針 / 电针
* 電針麻醉 / 电针麻醉
* 頂針 / 顶针 (dǐngzhēn)
* 頂針捱住 / 顶针捱住
* 頂門針 / 顶门针
* 預防針 / 预防针 (yùfángzhēn)
* 飛針走線 / 飞针走线
* 鬼針草 / 鬼针草
* 鹽水針 / 盐水针
* 齧蘗吞針 / 啮蘗吞针

### Descendants

* → Korean: 침(針) (chim)
* → Vietnamese: châm (針)
Others:
* → Bouyei: jiml (“needle”)
* → Proto-Mien: *simᴬ (“needle”)
* → Proto-Tai: *qemᴬ (“needle”)
** Northern Tai
*** Nong Zhuang: chaem
*** Tai Do: hểm
*** Zhuang: caemz
** Central Tai
*** Tày: khêm
** Southwestern Tai
*** Thai: เข็ม (kěm)
*** Lao: ເຂັມ (khem)
*** Lü: ᦃᦲᧄ (ẋiim)
*** Tai Dam: ꪹꪄꪸꪣ
*** Shan: ၶဵမ် (khǎem)
*** Tai Nüa: ᥑᥥᥛᥴ (xém), ᥔᥥᥛᥴ (sém)
*** Ahom: 𑜁𑜢𑜉𑜫 (khim)
* → Proto-Vietic: *kiːm
** Middle Vietnamese: kim
*** Vietnamese: kim
** Muong: kim
* → Vietnamese: găm
* → Zhuang: cim (“needle”)

### References

* “針”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kun: はり (hari, 針, Jōyō)、さす (sasu, 針す)、ぬう (nuu, 針う)

#### Compounds

* 針魚(サヨリ) (sayori)
* 針孔(みず), 針眼(みず) (mizu)
* 針孔(みぞ) (mizo)
* 針孔(めど) (medo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 針
* はり Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 鉤 鈎
⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/
From Old Japanese 針 (pari).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ɾʲi]

#### Noun

針(はり) • (hari)
* a sewing needle
* a sewing pin
* any slender, pointed object resembling or similar in use to a needle:
** a phonograph needle (in record players)
*** 1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper]‎, number 926, page 1:
    蓄(ちく)音(おん)器(き)はコロムビア！レコードもコロムビア！針(はり)も勿(もち)論(ろん)コロムビア！
       Chikuonki wa Koromubia! Rekōdo mo Koromubia! Hari mo mochiron Koromubia!
       If it's a record player, choose Columbia! If it's records, choose Columbia! And if it's needles, of course, choose Columbia!
** a needle used in medical injections
** a knitting needle
** a stinger (in insects)
** a staple (wire fastener)
*** 2009, “わたしの恋はホッチキス [My Love is a Stapler]”, in Emi Inaba (lyrics), Miki Fujisue (music), Hōkago Tea Time, performed by Hōkago Tea Time:
    はじまりだけは　軽(かる)いノリで　しらないうちに　あつくなって　もう針(はり)がなんだか通(とお)らない
       hajimari dake wa karui nori de shiranai uchi ni atsukunatte mō hari ga nandaka tōranai
       At first I started lightly, but before I knew it, it got so thick the staples won't go through anymore
** (botany) a thorn
** (fishing) a hook, fishhook
* (by extension) a hand or pointer (in clocks, watches, meters, compasses, etc.)
    時(と)計(けい)の針(はり)は３(さん)時(じ)を指(さ)しています。
       Tokei no hari wa san-ji o sashiteimasu.
       The clock's hand is pointing to 3 o'clock.
* embroidery, needlework
* (figurative) malice

##### Derived terms

* お針(はり) (ohari)
* 鍼(はり) (hari, “acupuncture needle”)
* 針(はり)医(い) (harī)
* 針金雀児(ハリエニシダ) (harienishida)
* 針槐(ハリエンジュ) (harienju)
* 針(はり)魚(お) (hario)
* 針(はり)金(がね) (harigane)
* 針(はり)子(こ) (hariko)
* 針(はり)刺(さ)し (harisashi)
* 針(はり)仕(し)事(ごと) (hari shigoto)
* 針(ハリ)千(セン)本(ボン) (harisenbon, “porcupinefish”)
* 針(ハリ)鼠(ネズミ) (harinezumi)
* 針(はり)の穴(あな) (hari no ana)
* 針(はり)の筵(むしろ) (hari no mushiro)
* 針(はり)坊(ぼう)主(ず) (hari bōzu)
* 針(はり)孔(めど) (harimedo)
* 針(ハリ)土竜(モグラ) (harimogura)
* 針樅(ハリモミ) (harimomi)
* 針(ハリ)魚(ヨ) (hariyo)
* 編(あ)み針(ばり) (amibari)
* 網結針(あみすきばり) (amisukibari)
* 置(お)き針(ばり) (okibari)
* 返(かえ)し針(ばり) (kaeshibari)
* 鉤(かぎ)針(ばり) (kagibari)
* 隠(かく)し針(ばり) (kakushibari)
* 掛(か)け針(ばり) (kakebari)
* 蚊(か)針(ばり) (kabari)
* 革(かわ)針(ばり), 皮(かわ)針(ばり) (kawabari)
* 擬(ぎ)餌(じ)針(ばり) (gijibari)
* 絹(きぬ)針(ばり) (kinubari)
* 絎(くけ)針(ばり) (kukebari)
* 毛(け)針(ばり) (kebari)
* 小(こ)町(まち)針(ばり) (komachibari)
* 仕(し)付(つ)け針(ばり) (shitsukebari)
* 千(せん)人(にん)針(ばり) (senninbari)
* 空(そら)針(ばり) (sorabari)
* 畳(たたみ)針(ばり) (tatamibari)
* 注(ちゅう)射(しゃ)針(ばり) (chūshabari)
* 釣(つ)り針(ばり) (tsuribari)
* 綴(と)じ針(ばり) (tojibari)
* 留(と)め針(ばり) (tomebari)
* 縫(ぬ)い針(はり) (nuihari), 縫(ぬ)い針(ばり) (nuibari)
* 刃(は)針(ばり) (habari)
* 平(ひら)針(ばり) (hirabari)
* 棒(ぼう)針(ばり) (bōbari)
* 帽(ぼう)子(し)針(ばり) (bōshibari)
* 待(ま)ち針(ばり) (machibari)
* メリケン針(ばり) (merikenbari)
* 木(も)綿(めん)針(ばり) (momenbari)

##### Idioms

* 針(はり)を含(ふく)む (hari o fukumu)

##### Proverbs

* 針(はり)の先(さき)で突(つ)いた程(ほど) (hari no saki de tsuita hodo)
* 針(はり)ほどのことを棒(ぼう)ほどに言(い)う (hari hodo no koto o bō hodo ni iu)
* 針(はり)を蔵(くら)に積(つ)みても溜(たま)らぬ (hari o kura nitsumite mo tamaranu)
* 針(はり)を立(た)つる土地(とち)無(な)し (hari o tatsuru tochi nashi)
* 針(はり)を以(もっ)て地(ち)を刺(さ)す (hari o motte chi o sasu)

#### Counter

針(はり) • (-hari)
* counter for stitches

#### Proper noun

針(はり) • (Hari)
* a placename
* a surname

### Etymology 2

/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim|tsyimH).

#### Affix

針(しん) • (shin)
* sewing needle
* Alternative spelling of 鍼 (shin): acupuncture
* pointed beam

##### Derived terms

* 針(しん)医(い) (shin'i)
* 針(しん)灸(きゅう) (shinkyū)
* 鍼(しん)治(じ) (shinji)
* 針(しん)術(じゅつ) (shinjutsu)
* 針(しん)小(しょう)棒(ぼう)大(だい) (shinshōbōdai)
* 針(しん)布(ぷ) (shinpu)
* 針(しん)路(ろ) (shinro)
* 運(うん)針(しん) (unshin)
* 検(けん)針(しん) (kenshin)
* 指(し)針(しん) (shishin)
* 時(じ)針(しん) (jishin)
* 磁(じ)針(しん) (jishin)
* 短(たん)針(しん) (tanshin)
* 長(ちょう)針(しん) (chōshin)
* 秒(びょう)針(しん) (byōshin)
* 避(ひ)雷(らい)針(しん) (hiraishin)
* 分(ふん)針(しん) (funshin)
* 方(ほう)針(しん) (hōshin)
* 羅(ら)針(しん) (rashin)

##### Idioms

* 頂(ちょう)門(もん)の一(いっ)針(しん) (chōmon no isshin)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 짐 (Yale: cìm) | 짐 (Yale: cìm) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 바ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pànól) | 침 (Yale: chìm) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰim]
* Phonetic hangul: [침]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 針 (eumhun 바늘 침 (baneul chim))
* hanja form of 침 (“needle (used in sewing)”) [noun]
* hanja form of 침 (“needle-like object (any slender, pointy object resembling a needle)”) [noun]
* Alternative form of 鍼 (“hanja form of 침 (“needle (used in acupuncture)”)”)

#### Compounds

* 침단 (針端, chimdan)
* 침로 (針路, chimno)
* 침반 (針盤, chimban)
* 침봉 (針峯, chimbong)
* 침상 (針狀, chimsang)
* 침압 (針壓, chimap)
* 침엽 (針葉, chimyeop)
* 침음 (針音, chimeum)
* 침정 (針晶, chimjeong)
* 침통 (針筒, chimtong)
* 침판 (針板, chimpan)
* 침포 (針布, chimpo)
* 침활 (針闊, chimhwal)
* 검침 (檢針, geomchim)
* 격침 (擊針, gyeokchim)
* 경침 (莖針, gyeongchim)
* 곡침 (曲針, gokchim)
* 골침 (骨針, golchim)
* 구침 (晷針, guchim)
* 구침 (鉤針, guchim)
* 극침 (棘針, geukchim)
* 금침 (金針, geumchim)
* 단침 (短針, danchim)
* 대침 (大針, daechim)
* 독침 (毒針, dokchim)
* 망침 (網針, mangchim)
* 목침 (木針, mokchim)
* 방침 (方針, bangchim)
* 변침 (變針, byeonchim)
* 봉침 (蜂針, bongchim)
* 분침 (分針, bunchim)
* 방침 (方針, bangchim)
* 상침 (上針, sangchim)
* 선침 (選針, seonchim)
* 세침 (細針, sechim)
* 소침 (小針, sochim)
* 송침 (松針, songchim)
* 수침 (繡針, suchim)
* 시침 (時針, sichim)
* 안침 (按針, anchim)
* 엽침 (葉針, yeopchim)
* 영침 (影針, yeongchim)
* 유침 (留針, yuchim)
* 자침 (刺針, jachim)
* 자침 (磁針, jachim)
* 장침 (長針, jangchim)
* 정침 (定針, jeongchim)
* 조침 (釣針, jochim)
* 죽침 (竹針, jukchim)
* 지침 (指針, jichim)
* 철침 (鐵針, cheolchim)
* 초침 (秒針, chochim)
* 촉침 (觸針, chokchim)
* 탐침 (探針, tamchim)
* 현침 (懸針, hyeonchim)
* 침엽수 (針葉樹, chimyeopsu)
* 나침반 (羅針盤, nachimban)
* 나침의 (羅針儀, nachimui)
* 지남침 (指南針, jinamchim)
* 피뢰침 (避雷針, piroechim)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyimH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 짐〮 (Yale: cím) | 짐〮 (Yale: cím) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰi(ː)m]
* Phonetic hangul: [침(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

針 (eumhun 바느질할 침 (baneujilhal chim))
* hanja form of 침 (“sewing; needlework”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 침공 (針工, chimgong)
* 침공 (針孔, chimgong)
* 침녀 (針女, chimnyeo)
* 침모 (針母, chimmo)
* 침방 (針房, chimbang)
* 침사 (針絲, chimsa)
* 침선 (針線, chimseon)
* 침선 (針膳, chimseon)
* 침재 (針才, chimjae)
* 침척 (針尺, chimcheok)
* 침자 (針刺, chimja)
* 침소봉대 (針小棒大, chimsobongdae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: ぱイ゚ (paz, 針)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

### Pronunciation

* (Nakachi, Irabu) IPA: /paz̩/

### Noun

針(ぱイ゚) (paz)
* needle

### References

* Tomihama, Sadayoshi (富浜定吉) (2013) 宮古伊良部方言辞典 [Miyako Irabu Dialect Dictionary], Naha (那覇市): Okinawa Times (沖縄タイムス社), →ISBN, page 531

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: はーい (hāi, 針)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 針
* はーい Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) はあい [hàáí] (Heiban - [0])
* IPA: [haːi]

### Noun

針(はーい) (hāi)
* a needle used in sewing or other forms of embroidery

#### Derived terms

* 鍼(はーい) (hāi, “acupuncture needle”)
* 針(はーい)刺(さ)しー (hāisashī)
* 針(はーい)ぬ目(みー) (hāi nu mī)
* 針(はーい)箱(ばく) (hāibaku)
* 針魚(はーいーゆー) (hāīyū)
* 括(くく)い針(ばーい) (kukuibāi)
* 唐(から)針(はーい) (karahāi, “compass”)

### References

* ↑ Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

### Further reading

* “はーい【針・鍼】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Proto-Japonic *pari?”

#### Noun

針 (pari) (kana はり)
* a needle used in embroidery
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2982:針者有杼妹之無者將著哉跡吾乎令煩絕紐之緖pari pa aredo$_2$ imo si nake$_1$reba tuke$_2$me$_2$ ya to$_2$ ware wo nayamasi tayuru pi$_1$mo no$_2$ wo(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4128:久佐麻久良多比乃於伎奈等於母保之天波里曾多麻敞流奴波牟物能毛賀kusamakura tabi$_1$ no oki$_1$na to$_2$ omoposite pari so$_2$ tamape$_1$ru nupamu mono$_2$ moga(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 針, 鍼 (hari)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

針 (paru) (kana はる)
* (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a needle used in embroidery
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4420:久佐麻久良多妣乃麻流禰乃比毛多要婆安我弖等都氣呂許禮乃波流母志kusamakura tabi$_1$ no$_2$ marune no$_2$ pi$_1$mo tayeba aga te to$_2$ tuke$_2$ro$_2$ ko$_2$re no$_2$ paru mosi(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

針: Hán Nôm readings: châm, chăm, chảm, găm, kim, trâm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.