# moch
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /mˠʊx/, [mˠʊ̃x]; /mɔx/; /mɯx/
* (Connacht) IPA: /mˠɔx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /mˠʌx/

### Adjective

moch (genitive singular masculine moch, genitive singular feminine moiche, plural mocha, comparative moiche)
* early
    Synonym: luath

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* dea-mhoch (“good and early”)
* mochánach (“early riser”)
* mochdháil (“early morning”)
* mochdhúnadh (“early closing”)

#### Related terms

* mochóirí (“early rising; early riser”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 29
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 87

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “moch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “moch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “moch”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of mos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mox]

### Adjective

moch
* early

#### Declension

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | moch | moch | moch |
| Vocative | muich* moch** | moch | moch |
| Accusative | moch | muich | moch |
| Genitive | muich | muiche | muich |
| Dative | much | muich | much |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | muich | mocha | mocha |
| Vocative | muchu mocha† | mocha | mocha |
| Accusative | muchu mocha† | mocha | mocha |
| Genitive | moch | moch | moch |
| Dative | mochaib | mochaib | mochaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Related terms

* mos (“soon”)

#### Descendants

* Irish: moch
* Manx: mogh
* Scottish Gaelic: moch

### Adverb

moch
* early, betimes

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Etymology

Clipping of Moskal + -ch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔx/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔx
* Syllabification: moch

### Noun

moch m pers
* (slang) Russian person

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Stankiewicz, Edward (1986) The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity‎, page 263

### Further reading

* moch in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔx/

### Adjective

moch
* early

#### Derived terms

* mocheirigh
* mochthrath
* mochthrath
* o mhoch gu dubh

### Adverb

moch
* early, betimes, soon

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “moch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mъ̀xъ, *mъ̏xъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔx/
* Rhymes: -ɔx
* Hyphenation: moch
* Syllabification: moch

### Noun

moch m inan (diminutive móšk)
* (botany) moss

#### Derived terms

* mochaty
* mochojty
* mochowy
* mochojćina f
* mochowina f
* mochowišćo n
* mochownička f
* móšk m inan
* mochojćić impf

### References

* “moch” in Soblex

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moːχ/
* Rhymes: -oːχ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *mox (“pig”), from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

#### Noun

moch m (collective, singulative mochyn)
* pigs, swine, hogs
** (figuratively) greedy, dirty, lazy, drunk, or immoral persons
* (mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water
* crushers (in quarrying)
* ridging-ploughs
* segments (of orange, etc.)
    Synonyms: rhannau, ewinedd, sugennau

##### Derived terms

* clais moch (“garden clary”)
* cloron y moch (“summer truffles”)
* daearfoch, moch daear (“badgers”)
* fel piso mochyn (yn yr eira) (“crooked”, literally “like pig's piss (in the snow)”)
* ffenigl y moch (“hog's fennnel”)
* mae gan foch bach glustiau (mawr) (“not in front of the children”)
* moch coed (“pine cones; woodlice; wild boar”)
* moch cwta, moch gini, moch India, moch tair (“guinea pigs”)
* mochaidd (“filthy”)

##### Related terms

* baedd (“boar”)
* hwch (“sow”)
* porchell (“piglet”)
* twrch (“barrow”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Welsh moch, from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“early, soon”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”).

#### Adverb

moch
* (obsolete) soon, early

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

moch
* Nasal mutation of boch (“cheek”).

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “moch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies