# 国

| 国 | U+56FD, &#22269; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56FD |
| ← 囼 [U+56FC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 图 → [U+56FE] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 国 |
| Simplified | 国 |
| Traditional | 國 |

### Han character

国 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田一土戈 (WMGI), four-corner 6010$_3$, composition ⿴囗玉)

#### Derived characters

* 啯, 帼, 掴, 𬇹, 椢, 蝈, 𬧩, 𫭔, 𬜿, 𫂆, 𠏹
* 腘 (Exception: Only for mainland China character. Taiwan character contains 囯 with 王 instead)

#### Related characters

* 國 (Orthodox traditional form)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 218, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4752
* Dae Jaweon: page 446, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 716, character 7
* Unihan data for U+56FD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Simplified from 國 (或 → 玉). Also compare 囯, an unorthodox variant of 國 that contains 王 (“king”) instead of 玉 (“jade”).

### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 国 – see 國 (“country; nation; nation-state; kingdom; capital; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 國).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 国 |
| Kyūjitai | 國 |

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 國)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kun: くに (kuni, 国, Jōyō)
* Nanori: くな (kuna)、こ (ko)、こう (kō)

#### Compounds

* 国威
* 国運
* 国(こく)益(えき) (kokueki)
* 国(こく)王(おう) (kokuō)
* 国(こっ)家(か) (kokka)
* 国歌
* 国花
* 国(こっ)会(かい) (kokkai)
* 国(こく)外(がい) (kokugai)
* 国(こっ)旗(き) (kokki)
* 国(こく)技(ぎ) (kokugi)
* 国(こっ)境(きょう) (kokkyō)
* 国(こっ)教(きょう) (kokkyō)
* 国(こく)軍(ぐん) (kokugun)
* 国見
* 国言葉
* 国(こっ)庫(こ) (kokko)
* 国(こく)語(ご) (kokugo)
* 国(くに)構(がま)え (kunigamae)
* 国(こく)号(ごう) (kokugō)
* 国(こく)債(さい) (kokusai)
* 国(こく)際(さい) (kokusai)
* 国(こく)策(さく) (kokusaku)
* 国(こく)産(さん) (kokusan)
* 国(こく)史(し) (kokushi)
* 国(こく)士(し) (kokushi)
* 国師
* 国(こく)事(じ) (kokuji)
* 国(こく)字(じ) (kokuji)
* 国(こく)璽(じ) (kokuji)
* 国主
* 国情
* 国辱
* 国人
* 国(こく)粋(すい) (kokusui)
* 国是
* 国(こく)勢(せい) (kokusei)
* 国(こく)政(せい) (kokusei)
* 国税
* 国(こく)籍(せき) (kokuseki)
* 国(こく)葬(そう) (kokusō)
* 国(こく)造(ぞう) (kokuzō)
* 国(くに)造(ずく)り (kunizukuri)
* 国俗
* 国賊
* 国(こく)体(たい) (kokutai)
* 国(こく)定(てい) (kokutei)
** 国定教科書
** 国(こく)定(てい)公(こう)園(えん) (kokutei kōen)
* 国(こく)土(ど) (kokudo)
* 国(こく)道(どう) (kokudō)
* 国(こく​)内(ない) (koku​nai)
* 国難
* 国費
* 国(こく)賓(ひん) (kokuhin)
* 国(こく)府(ふ) (kokufu)
* 国風
* 国柄
* 国(こく)宝(ほう) (kokuhō)
* 国(こく)法(ほう) (kokuhō)
* 国(こく)防(ぼう) (kokubō)
* 国(こく)民(みん) (kokumin)
* 国(こく)務(む) (kokumu)
* 国(こく)名(めい) (kokumei)
* 国(こく)有(ゆう) (kokuyū)
* 国(こく)立(りつ) (kokuritsu)
* 国(こく)力(りょく) (kokuryoku)
* 国(こく)連(れん) (Kokuren)
* 日(に)本(ほん)国(こく) (Nihon-koku)
* 生(しょう)国(ごく) (shōgoku)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 国
* くに Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 國 (kyūjitai) 邦 (uncommon)
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712, the Nihon Shoki completed in 720, and the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759. Perhaps related to Middle Chinese 郡 (MC gjunH, “geographic region: commandery, prefecture”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くに [kùní] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ɲ̟i]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

国(くに) • (kuni)
* a land, a large place
* a country in general, a region
* a country as in a nation, a state
** 1998 November 30 [1990 November 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)とアニマル惑星(プラネット) [Nobita and the Animal Planet] (大長編ドラえもん; 10), 22nd edition, volume 10 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 27:
    ねえねえ、今(いま)の地(ち)図(ず)みた⁉みた！いったいここはなんという国(くに)だろう。クニ？クニってなあに。アメリカとか中(ちゅう)国(ごく)とかいろいろあるじゃない。ぼくらは日(にっ)本(ぽん)からきたんだけど…。ニッポン？きいたことない。
       Nē nē, ima no chizu mita⁉
       Hey, did you see that map!?
       Mita! Ittai koko wa nan to iu kuni darō.
       I did! I wonder what country this is.
       Kuni? Kuni tte nāni.
       Country? What’s a country?
       Amerika toka Chūgoku toka iroiro aru ja nai.
       You know, countries. There are a bunch of them like America and China.
       Bokura wa Nippon kara kita n da kedo….
       We’re from Japan, by the way...
       Nippon? Kiita koto nai.
       Japan? I’ve never heard of that before.
* the office of emperor, the crown; affairs of state
* a province of ancient Japan
* the national government in ancient Japan; the national capital in ancient Japan
* one's birthplace, where one is from, one's home
** 1994 January 20 [1988 December 17], Akira Oze, “第８話　酒蔵の子 [Child of the Brewery]”, in 夏子の酒 [Natsuko’s Saké], 14th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, →ISBN, page 183:
    ううん……もう来(こ)ないと思(おも)う　たぶん
       Ūn……mō konai to omou tabun
       No... I don’t think I’ll be coming back any time soon.
    どうして？
       Dō shite?
       How come?
    故郷(クニ)にね……帰(かえ)るの
       Kuni ni ne…… kaeru no
       I’m moving back home.

##### Synonyms

* (a land): 大(だい)地(ち) (daichi), 土(と)地(ち) (tochi), 陸(りく)地(ち) (rikuchi)
* (nation): 国(こっ)家(か) (kokka), 国(こく)土(ど) (kokudo)
* (ancient national government): 国(こく)府(ふ) (kokufu)
* (birthplace): 出(しゅっ)生(しょう)地(ち) (shusshōchi), 生(しょう)国(ごく) (shōgoku), 故郷(ふるさと) (furusato), 故(こ)郷(きょう) (kokyō)

##### Derived terms

* 陸(くが) (kuga, “part of a land”)

##### Descendants

* → Northern Ryukyuan:
** → Kunigami: 国 (khunī)
** → Northern Amami Ōshima: 国 (kuni)
** → Okinawan: 国 (kuni)
** → Southern Amami Ōshima: 国 (kunī)
** → Tokunoshima: 国 (kunī)
** → Yoron: 国 (kuni)
* → Southern Ryukyuan:
** → Miyako: 国 (kuni)
** → Yaeyama: 国 (fun, kuni)
** → Yonaguni: 国 (kuni)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 国
* こく Grade: 2
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 國 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 國 (MC kwok, “country, nation”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞kɯ̟]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

#### Noun

国(こく) • (koku)
* a land, a large place
* a country in general, a region
* a country as in a nation, a state

##### Usage notes

Most often found in compounds.

### References

* ↑ “国・邦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

国 (eumhun 나라 국 (nara guk))
* Alternative form of 國 (“hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation; land”)”)

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 5.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

国: Hán Việt readings: quốc
国: Nôm readings: quốc
* Alternative form of 國 (“chữ Hán form of quốc (“(only in compounds) nation; state; country”).”)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).