# 操作
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāozuò
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^1$ zok$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhau-chok / chho͘-chok / chho-chok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cao$^1$ zag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāozuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: caozuò
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^1$-tso$^4$
*** Yale: tsāu-dzwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsautzuoh
*** Palladius: цаоцзо (caoczo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^1$ zok$^3$
*** Yale: chōu jok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^1$ dzok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^1$ zog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhau-chok
*** Tâi-lô: tshau-tsok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhauzog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau³³ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho͘-chok
*** Tâi-lô: tshoo-tsok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhozog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ³³ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho-chok
*** Tâi-lô: tsho-tsok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoizog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cao$^1$ zag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshau tsak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau³³⁻²³ t͡sak̚²/

### Verb

操作
* to operate; to maneuver; to manipulate (with the hands)
    操作規程／操作规程 ― cāozuò guīchéng ― operating specifications
    微機操作／微机操作 ― wēijī cāozuò ― computer operation
    特種操作／特种操作 ― tèzhǒng cāozuò ― special operation
* to do physical work; to do manual labour; to toil
* to implement; to carry out; to put into practice
       Wǒ juéde zhège xiǎngfǎ lǐlùnshàng méiyǒu cuò, bùguò shíjiàn cāozuò qǐlái nándù huì hěn dà. [Pinyin]
       I think this idea is not wrong in theory, but it will be very difficult to put into practice.

#### Synonyms

* (to operate): 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng), 作業／作业 (zuòyè)
* (to do physical work): 幹活／干活 (gànhuó), 勞動／劳动 (láodòng)
* (to implement):
* 來到 / 来到 (láidào)
* 執行 / 执行 (zhíxíng)
* 奉行 (fèngxíng)
* 實施 / 实施 (shíshī)
* 實現 / 实现 (shíxiàn)
* 實行 / 实行 (shíxíng)
* 實踐 / 实践 (shíjiàn)
* 履行 (lǚxíng)
* 採取 / 采取 (cǎiqǔ)
* 推行 (tuīxíng)
* 啟動 / 启动 (qǐdòng)
* 施
* 施行 (shīxíng)
* 施設 / 施设 (shīshè) (literary)
* 服行 (fúxíng) (literary)
* 落地 (figurative)
* 落實 / 落实 (luòshí)
* 貫徹 / 贯彻 (guànchè)
* 踐行 / 践行 (jiànxíng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 操作員 / 操作员 (cāozuòyuán)
* 操作工 (cāozuògōng)
* 操作系統 / 操作系统 (cāozuò xìtǒng)
* 操作者 (cāozuòzhě)
* 暗箱操作 (ànxiāng cāozuò)
* 還有這種操作 / 还有这种操作
* 黑箱操作 (hēixiāng cāozuò)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 操 | 作 |
| そう Grade: 6 | さ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーさ [sóꜜòsà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞ːsa̠]

### Noun

操(そう)作(さ) • (sōsa)
* maneuver, operate
    操(そう)作(さ)が難(むずか)しい。
       Sōsa ga muzukashii.
       It is hard to operate.

#### Derived terms

* 操(そう)作(さ)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (sōsa shugi)

### Verb

操(そう)作(さ)する • (sōsa suru) transitive suru (stem 操(そう)作(さ)し (sōsa shi), past 操(そう)作(さ)した (sōsa shita))
* to operate (machinery)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 操作し | そうさし | sōsa shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 操作し | そうさし | sōsa shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 操作する | そうさする | sōsa suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 操作する | そうさする | sōsa suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 操作すれ | そうさすれ | sōsa sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 操作せよ¹ 操作しろ² | そうさせよ¹ そうさしろ² | sōsa seyo¹ sōsa shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 操作される | そうさされる | sōsa sareru |
| Causative | 操作させる 操作さす | そうささせる そうささす | sōsa saseru sōsa sasu |
| Potential | 操作できる | そうさできる | sōsa dekiru |
| Volitional | 操作しよう | そうさしよう | sōsa shiyō |
| Negative | 操作しない | そうさしない | sōsa shinai |
| Negative continuative | 操作せず | そうさせず | sōsa sezu |
| Formal | 操作します | そうさします | sōsa shimasu |
| Perfective | 操作した | そうさした | sōsa shita |
| Conjunctive | 操作して | そうさして | sōsa shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 操作すれば | そうさすれば | sōsa sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 操 | 作 |

### Noun

操作 • (jojak) (hangeul 조작)
* hanja form of 조작

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 操 | 作 |

### Verb

操作
* chữ Hán form of thao tác (“to operate; to manipulate”).