# 鰣

| 鰣 | U+9C23, &#39971; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C23 |
| ← 鰢 [U+9C22] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鰤 → [U+9C24] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鰣 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火日土戈 (NFAGI), four-corner 2434$_1$, composition ⿰魚時)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1475, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46378
* Dae Jaweon: page 2007, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4706, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9C23

## Chinese

* 鰣魚

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ |
| 待 | *dɯːʔ |
| 寺 | *ljɯs |
| 持 | *l'ɯ |
| 峙 | *dɯʔ |
| 痔 | *dɯʔ |
| 跱 | *dɯʔ |
| 歭 | *dɯʔ |
| 洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ |
| 秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs |
| 庤 | *dɯʔ |
| 時 | *djɯ |
| 鰣 | *djɯ |
| 塒 | *djɯ |
| 蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs |
| 榯 | *djɯ |
| 恃 | *djɯʔ |
| 侍 | *djɯs |
| 詩 | *hljɯ |
| 邿 | *hljɯ |
| 特 | *dɯːɡ |

### Etymology

Named after 時 / 时 (shí), as this fish migrates from the sea in early summer (Bencao Gangmu).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shí (shi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shí
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^4$
*** Yale: sìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyi
Rime :
| Character | 鰣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 市之切 |
| Baxter | dzyi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鰣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12043 |
| Phonetic component | 寺 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 時 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯ/ |

### Definitions

鰣
* Reeves' shad (Tenualosa reevesii)

#### Usage notes

This fish hasn't been found in multiple Chinese rivers for quite some time (Liu et al., 2002; Huang and Wang, 2020). Hence fishes like American shad are sold as substitutes under this name.

### References

* Liu SP (刘绍平) et al. (2002) “中国鲥鱼资源现状与保护对策”, in 水生生物学报, volume 26, number 6, pages 679–84.
* Huang SL (黄硕林), Wang SW (王四维） (2020) “长江流域濒危水生野生动物保护现状及展望”, in 上海海洋大学学报, volume 29, number 1, pages 128–138, see page 130.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Reeves' shad (Tenualosa reevesii)
* lizardfish (Synodontidae spp.)
* three-lips (Opsariichthys uncirostris)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: はす (hasu, 鰣)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鰣
* はす Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はす [háꜜsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠sɨ]

### Noun

鰣(はす) or 鰣(ハス) • (hasu)
* a three-lips (Opsariichthys uncirostris)
    Hypernym: 鯉 (koi)
* (Kansai) Synonym of 追河 (oikawa): a pale chub (Zacco platypus)

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ハス.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鰣 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.