# صفر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From ص ف ر (ṣ f r, “void”), supposedly because pagan Arabs looted during this month and left the houses empty.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.far/

#### Proper noun

صَفَر • (ṣafar) m (plural أَصْفَار (ʔaṣfār))
* Safar, the second of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

##### See also

Hijri calendar months in Arabic · الْأَشْهُر فِي التَّقْوِيمِ الْهِجْرِيّ (al-ʔašhur fī at-taqwīmi al-hijriyy) (layout · text) :
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) | صَفَر (ṣafar) | رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) | رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) | جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) | رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) | شَوَّال (šawwāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) | ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) |
* شُبَاط (šubāṭ)
* فِبْرَايِر (fibrāyir)

### Etymology 2

* Root
* ص ف ر (ṣ f r)
* 9 terms

#### Verb

صَفِرَ • (ṣafira) I (non-past يَصْفَرُ (yaṣfaru), verbal noun صَفَر (ṣafar) or صُفُور (ṣufūr))
* to be empty, to be devoid, to be vacant

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Causative of صَفِرَ (ṣafira, “to be empty”).

#### Verb

صَفَّرَ • (ṣaffara) II (non-past يُصَفِّرُ (yuṣaffiru), verbal noun تَصْفِير (taṣfīr))
* to empty, to void, to vacate, to evacuate, to free

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4

* Root
* ص ف ر (ṣ f r)
* 9 terms
Compare صَفِرَ (ṣafira, “to be empty”).

#### Adjective

صَفْر or صِفْر or صُفْر or صَفِر or صُفُر • (ṣafr or ṣifr or ṣufr or ṣafir or ṣufur) (masculine plural أَصْفَار (ʔaṣfār), elative أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar))
* empty, void, devoid, free from

##### Declension
### Etymology 5

Semantic loan from Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya), also with the original meaning of “empty, void”. Compare صَفْر (ṣafr, “empty, void”) (also صِفْر (ṣifr)).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤifr/

#### Numeral

صِفْر • (ṣifr) m (plural أَصْفَار (ʔaṣfār))
* zero
    Eastern Arabic numeral: ٠ (0)
*   * Next: واحد, or ١‎ = 1

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: صفر (ṣifr)
* → Azerbaijani: sıfır
* → Northern Kurdish: sifir
* → Malay: sifar
** > Indonesian: sifar (inherited)
* → Medieval Latin: zephirum
** Corsican: zeru
** Italian: zefiro > zero
*** → French: zéro
**** → Armenian: զրո (zro)
**** → English: zero
***** → Japanese: ゼロ (zero)
***** → Korean: 제로 (jero)
***** → Northern Kurdish: zêro
**** → Portuguese: zero
**** → Romanian: zero
**** → Russian: зеро́ (zeró)
*** → Maltese: żero
** Sicilian: zeru
** Spanish: cero
*** → Mapudungun: sero
* → Medieval Latin: cifra
** → Esperanto: ĉifro
** → Hungarian: cifra
** Italian: cifra
** Old French: cyfre, cyffre
*** → Middle English: siphre
**** English: cipher
*** → Middle Dutch: cifer, cipher
**** Dutch: cijfer
*** → Middle High German: zifer
**** German: Ziffer
***** → Czech: cifra
***** → Yiddish: ציפֿער (tzifer)
***** → Hebrew: סִפְרָה (sifrá)
*** French: chiffre
**** → German: Chiffre
***** → Czech: šifra, cifra
**** → Ottoman Turkish: شیفره (şifre)
***** Turkish: şifre
**** → Polish: szyfr
**** → Russian: шифр (šifr)
**** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ши̏фра, ци̏фра
    Latin script: šȉfra, cȉfra
** → Polish: cyfra
** Portuguese: cifra
** Sicilian: cifra
** Spanish: cifra
** → Swedish: siffra
** → Russian: ци́фра (cífra)
* → Ottoman Turkish: صفر (sıfır)
** Turkish: sıfır
** → Armenian: սըֆըր (səfər)
* → Classical Persian: صِفْر (sifr)
** Dari: صِفْر (sifr)
** Iranian Persian: صِفْر (sefr)
** Tajik: сифр (sifr)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सिफ़र (sifar)
    Urdu: صِفْر (sifr)
** → Punjabi:
    → Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਰ (sifar)
    → Shahmukhi script: صِفْر (ṣifr)
* → Swahili: sifuri

### Etymology 6

Causative from the root ص ف ر (ṣ f r), from which the color or defect adjective أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”) also comes.

#### Verb

صَفَّرَ • (ṣaffara) II (non-past يُصَفِّرُ (yuṣaffiru), verbal noun تَصْفِير (taṣfīr))
* to dye yellow, to make yellow, to color yellow

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 7

Related to أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”), from the root ص ف ر (ṣ f r).

#### Noun

صُفْر or صُفَّر • (ṣufr or ṣuffar) m
* brass
* money

##### Descendants

* → Lishana Deni: צפר (ṣəfər, “copper”)

### Etymology 8

In its meaning "jaundice", related to أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”), from the root ص ف ر (ṣ f r).

#### Noun

صَفَر • (ṣafar) m
* verbal noun of صَفِرَ (ṣafira) (form I)
* (medicine) jaundice

##### Declension
### Etymology 9

Inflected form.

#### Adjective

صُفْر • (ṣufr) m pl
* plural of أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”)

### Etymology 10

* Root
* ص ف ر (ṣ f r)
* 9 terms

#### Verb

صَفَرَ • (ṣafara) I (non-past يَصْفِرُ (yaṣfiru), verbal noun صَفِير (ṣafīr))
* to whistle
* to hiss
* to chirp, to stridulate
* to scream (of a siren)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 11

Presumably, originally an intensive of صَفَرَ (ṣafara, “to whistle, hiss, chirp”), later losing its intensive sense.

#### Verb

صَفَّرَ • (ṣaffara) II (non-past يُصَفِّرُ (yuṣaffiru), verbal noun تَصْفِير (taṣfīr))
* to whistle
* to hiss
* to chirp, to stridulate
* to scream (of a siren)

##### Conjugation
## Egyptian Arabic

* Root
* ص ف ر
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

From Arabic صَفَّرَ (ṣaffara).

#### Verb

صفّر • (ṣaffar) II (verbal noun تصفير (taṣfīr), active participle مصفّر (miṣaffar))
* (verb, intransitive) to whistle
* (verb, intransitive) to empty, to void, to free

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

#### Numeral

صفر • (ṣifr) m (plural إصفار (iṣfār))
* zero

## Malay
### Proper noun

صفر
* Jawi spelling of Safar‎.

### Numeral

صفر
* Jawi spelling of sifar‎.

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤfar/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

صفر • (ṣfar) (feminine صفرا (ṣafra), common plural صوفر (ṣūfer), masculine plural صفرين (ṣafrīn), feminine plural صفرات (ṣafrāt), elative أصفر (ʔaṣfar) or صفر (ṣfar))
* yellow

### See also

Colors in Moroccan Arabic · ألوان (ʔalwān) (layout · text) :
| بيض (byaḍ) | رمادي (rmādi) | كحل (kḥal) |
| حمر (ḥmar); قرمزي (qarmzi) | ليموني (līmūni, laymūni), لتشيني (litšīni); قهوي (qahwi) | صفر (ṣfar) |
| ليمي (līmi) | خضر (ḵḍar) | نعناعي (naʕnāʕi) |
| سماوي (smāwi) | لازوردي (lāzūrdi) | زرق (zraq) |
| قوقي (qūqi), موڤ (mūv), بنفسجي (banafsaji) | أرجواني (ʔurjwāni) | وردي (wardi), فجلي (fajli) |

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

#### Numeral

صفر • (sıfr, sıfır)
* zero (0)
    Next number: بر (bir) (1)

#### Noun

صفر • (sıfır)
* nought, naught, zero

##### Descendants

* Turkish: sıfır
* → Armenian: սըֆըր (səfər)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar).

#### Noun

صفر • (safer)
* Safar

##### Descendants

* Turkish: safer

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.ˈfaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.fǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.fǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.fǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sä.fǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.fǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.fǽɾ]

#### Proper noun

صَفَر • (safar)
* Safar

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sifɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪfɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪfɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɪfɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sifɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sefɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sifɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

#### Numeral

صِفْر • (sefr)
* zero

#### Noun

صِفْر • (sefr)
* nought, naught, cipher, zero

## South Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* سفر (sifr)

### Etymology

From Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤifr/, [sˤɪ.f(e)r]

### Numeral

صفر • (ṣifr)
* zero

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صِفْر (sifr), from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

### Numeral

صِفْر • (sifr) m (Hindi spelling सिफ़र)
* zero

#### Declension
### Noun

صِفْر • (sifr) m (Hindi spelling सिफ़र)
* nought, naught, cipher, zero