# 堀

| 堀 | U+5800, &#22528; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5800 |
| ← 埿 [U+57FF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堁 → [U+5801] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堀 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土尸山山 (GSUU), four-corner 4717$_2$, composition ⿰土屈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5205
* Dae Jaweon: page 468, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 459, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5800

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堀 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 聉 | *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd |
| 贅 | *kljods |
| 祟 | *sqʰluds |
| 出 | *kʰljuds, *kʰljud |
| 茁 | *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud |
| 欪 | *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud |
| 貀 | *ŋr'uːd |
| 袦 | *ŋr'oːd |
| 咄 | *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 柮 | *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 拙 | *kljod |
| 炪 | *kljod, *l̥ʰud |
| 掘 | *ɡlod, *ɡlud |
| 鈯 | *l'uːd |
| 啒 | *kluːd, *qʰluːd |
| 淈 | *kluːd, *ɡluːd |
| 窟 | *kʰluːd |
| 泏 | *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud |
| 堀 | *kʰluːd, *ɡlud |
| 胐 | *kʰluːd |
| 窋 | *ʔl'ud |
| 絀 | *ʔl'ud |
| 黜 | *l̥ʰud |
| 屈 | *klud, *kʰlud |
| 趉 | *klud |
| 鶌 | *klud |
| 詘 | *kʰlud |
| 倔 | *ɡlud |
| 崛 | *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kū (ku$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^1$ / gwat$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khut
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kū
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ku
*** Wade–Giles: kʻu$^1$
*** Yale: kū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
*** Palladius: ку (ku)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^1$ / gwat$^6$
*** Yale: fāt / gwaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^7$ / gwat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^1$ / gued$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚⁵/, /kʷɐt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut
*** Tâi-lô: khut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰut̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: gjut, khwot
Rime :
| Character | 堀 | 堀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 衢物切 | 苦骨切 |
| Baxter | gjut | khwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨut̚/ | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiut̚/ | /kʰuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuət̚/ | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gut̚/ | /kʰwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiuət̚/ | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭuət̚/ | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯uət̚/ | /kʰuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jú | ku |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat$^6$ | fat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːd/, /*ɡlud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 堀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁut/ |
| English | hole |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堀 | 堀 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1567 | 1587 |
| Phonetic component | 出 | 出 |
| Rime group | 物 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 窟 | 倔 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰluːd/ | /*ɡlud/ |

#### Definitions

堀
* (literary) Alternative form of 窟 (kū, “cavity; cave; hole”)
* (literary) to bore a hole

##### Compounds

* 堀堁

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 堀 – see 掘 (“to dig”). (This character is an obsolete form of 掘).

### References

* “堀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 濠, 壕

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): くつ (kutsu)
* Kun: ほり (hori, 堀, Jōyō)、ほる (horu)、あな (ana, 堀)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 堀
* ほり Grade: S
* kun'yomi
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掘る (horu, “to dig”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほり [hòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ho̞ɾʲi]

### Noun

堀(ほり) • (hori)
* ditch, canal
* moat

#### Derived terms

* 内堀(うちぼり) (uchibori)
* 空堀(からぼり) (karabori)
* 外堀(そとぼり) (sotobori)

### Proper noun

堀(ほり) • (Hori)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

堀 (eum 굴 (gul))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

堀: Hán Nôm readings: quật
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.