# 陰功
## Chinese
### Etymology

The adjective senses in Cantonese come from a shortening of 冇陰功／冇阴功, literally “to have no hidden merits”.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīngōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^1$ gung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): im-kong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīngōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yingong
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: yīn-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ingong
*** Palladius: иньгун (inʹgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$陰公 / 阴公 陰功 / 阴功
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: yām gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$陰公 / 阴公 陰功 / 阴功
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: im-kong
*** Tâi-lô: im-kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: imkofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /im⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /im³³ kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /im⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /im⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /im⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

### Noun

陰功
* good deed done in secret; hidden merit

#### Synonyms

* 陰德 / 阴德 (yīndé)
* 陰騭 / 阴骘 (yīnzhì)

### Adjective

陰功
* (Cantonese) cruel; evil
    alt. forms: 陰公 / 阴公
* (Cantonese) pitiful; woeful
    alt. forms: 陰公 / 阴公

#### Synonyms

* (cruel):
* 兇惡 / 凶恶 (xiōng'è)
* 兇殘 / 凶残 (xiōngcán)
* 兇狠 / 凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
* 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
* 兇險 / 凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
* 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
* 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
* 嚴酷 / 严酷 (yánkù)
* 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
* 忍 (rěn) (literary)
* 惡勢 / 恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 惡毒 / 恶毒 (èdú)
* 惡狠狠 / 恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
* 慘 / 惨 (cǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 暴力 (bàolì)
* 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
* 暴虐 (bàonüè)
* 暴躁 (bàozào)
* 橫逆 / 横逆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 殘 / 残 (cán) (literary,or in compounds)
* 殘忍 / 残忍 (cánrěn)
* 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
* 殘酷 / 残酷 (cánkù)
* 毒辣 (dúlà)
* 烏心 / 乌心 (Min Nan)
* 狠心 (hěnxīn)
* 狠毒 (hěndú)
* 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
* 猙獰 / 狰狞 (zhēngníng)
* 粗殘 / 粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 辣 (là)
* 酷烈 (kùliè)
* 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)
* 險惡 / 险恶 (xiǎn'è)
* 黑心 (hēixīn)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 可憐, 可憐見 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 孽障 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 造孽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 造孽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 陰功, 冇陰功, 可憐 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 陰功 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 可憐 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 可憐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦憐 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 造孽, 罪過 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現世, 悲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 可憐代 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 可憐代 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 罪過 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 罪過 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 罪過 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 罪過 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 造孽 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 造孽 |

#### Derived terms

* 老婆擔遮——陰功 / 老婆担遮——阴功
* 陰功鬼 / 阴功鬼