OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# মুসাফির
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُسَافِر (musāfir), from Arabic مُسَافِر (musāfir).
Compare Hindustani مُسافِر / मुसाफ़िर (musāfir), Gujarati મુસાફર (musāphar), Punjabi ਮੁਸਾਫ਼ਰ / مُسافَر (musāfar).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /musafiɾ/, [ˈmusafiɾ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /musafiɹ/, [ˈmusafiɹ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

মুসাফির • (muśaphir)
* traveller; passenger; stranger
    Synonym: রাহী (rahi)
* (colloquial) beggar

#### Related terms

* সাফির (śaphir)
* সাফারি (śaphari)
* সফর (śophor)

### References

* ↑ Atindra Mojumder (1981) “মুসাফির”, in Arabic, Persian and Turkish Words in Bengali Literature, Melbourne: University of Melbourne; republished 15 Shyama Charan Dey Street, Kolkata 700073: Ekush Shatak, 2012, page 400

### Further reading

* Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-English, Government of Bangladesh
* Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-Bengali, Government of Bangladesh
# سرسوں
## Old Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀯 (sarisava), from Sanskrit सर्षप (sarṣapa).

### Noun

سرسوں (srsvṉ /sarsõ⁠/) f (Devanagari सरसों)
* mustard
** c. 1300, Amir Khusrau, “سَکَل بَن پُھول رَہِی سَرْسوں [sakal ban phūl rahī sarsõ]”, in Rekhta‎:آون کہہ گئے عاشق رنگ اور بیت گئے برسوں سکل بن پھول رہی سرسوںāvn khh gye 'aśq rng avr byt gye brsvṉ skl bn phvl rhy srsvṉ/āvana kaha gae āśiqa raṃga aura bīta gae barasoṃ sakala bana phūla rahī sarasoṃ/(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* Braj: सरसों (sarsõ)
* Kannauji: सरसों
* Middle Hindi: سرسوں (srsvṉ /⁠sarsõ⁠/)
** Hindustani: sarsõ
    Hindi: सरसों
    Urdu: سَرْسوں

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sarṣápa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 767
* ↑ Winand M. Callewaert, Swapna Sharma (2009) “सरसों”, in Dictionary of Bhakti, Ramesh Nagar Metro Station, New Delhi 110 015: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd., →ISBN, page 2003, column 2.

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Hindi سرسوں (srsvṉ /⁠sarsõ⁠/) (c. 1751), from Old Hindi سرسوں (srsvṉ /⁠sarsõ⁠/) (c. 1300s), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀯 (sarisava), from Sanskrit सर्षप (sarṣapa).
Cognate with Assamese সবিয়হ (xobih), Bengali সরিষা (śoriśa), Gujarati સરસવ (sarsav), Marathi शिरीस (śirīs), and Punjabi سرھوں / Punjabi ਸਰ੍ਹੋਂ (sarhõ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səɾ.sõː/
* Hyphenation: سَرْ‧سوں
* Rhymes: -õː

### Noun

سَرْسوں • (sarsõ) f (Hindi spelling सरसों)
* mustard
    سَرْسوں کَا تیل ― sarsõ kā tel ― mustard oil

### References

* ↑ “سرسوں”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* ↑ “سرسوں”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* ↑ John Shakespear (1834) “سرسوں”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1066
* ↑ Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سرسوں”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 377
# veterinarius
## Latin
### Etymology

veterīnum (“draught-cattle”) +‎ -ārius, from vetus (“old”). As an adjective and substantive from Columella onwards.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /u̯e.te.riːˈnaː.ri.us/, [u̯ɛt̪ɛriːˈnäːriʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ve.te.riˈna.ri.us/, [vet̪eriˈnäːrius]

### Adjective

veterīnārius (feminine veterīnāria, neuter veterīnārium); first/second-declension adjective
* (relational) concerned with the medical treatment of domestic animals

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### Noun

veterīnārius m (genitive veterīnāriī or veterīnārī, feminine veterīnāria); second declension
* a cattle-doctor, veterinarian

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

### Descendants

For more, see veterinarian.
* → Catalan: veterinari
* → English: veterinary
* → French: vétérinaire
* → Galician: veterinario
* → German: Veterinär
* → Italian: veterinario
* → Portuguese: veterinário
* → Romanian: veterinar
* → Spanish: veterinario

### References

* “ueterīnārius” on page 2260 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

### Further reading

* “veterinarius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* veterinarius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# শুঁটকি
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* শুঁটকী (śũṭki), শুটকি (śuṭki), শুটকী (śuṭki)
* হুটকি (huṭki) — Vanga

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Bengali শুকটি (śukṭi), from Old Bengali সুকটি (sukaṭi), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (sukka) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀝𑁆𑀝- (-ṭṭa-) + -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), from Sanskrit शुष्क (śuṣka).
Cognate with Sylheti ꠢꠥꠐꠇꠤ (huṭki), Assamese শুকটি (xukoti), Odia ସୁକ୍ଟୀ (sukṭi), Hindi सुक्टी (sukṭī), Nepali सुकुटि (sukuṭi).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃũʈki/, [ˈʃũʈkiˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃutki/, [ˈʃutkiˑ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

শুঁটকি • (śũṭki)
* dried fish

### Adjective

শুঁটকি • (śũṭki) (comparative আরও শুঁটকি, superlative সবচেয়ে শুঁটকি)
* dried
* emaciated and shriveled

### References

* Accessible Dictionary, “শুঁটকি, শুঁটকী” Bengali-English, Government of Bangladesh
* Accessible Dictionary, “শুঁটকি, শুঁটকী, শুটকি” Bengali-Bengali, Government of Bangladesh
# cyclicus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κυκλικός (kuklikós).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈky.kli.kus/, [ˈkʏklʲɪkʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃi.kli.kus/, [ˈt͡ʃiːklikus]

### Adjective

cyclicus (feminine cyclica, neuter cyclicum); first/second-declension adjective
* of a cycle (of epic poems), cyclic

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: cíclic (learned)
* →⇒ Czech: cyklický
* →⇒ Dutch: cyclisch
* → English: cyclic
* →⇒ Finnish: syklinen
* → French: cyclique (learned)
* → Friulian: ciclic (learned)
* →⇒ German: zyklisch
* → Italian: ciclico (learned)
* → Portuguese: cíclico (learned)
* → Romanian: ciclic (learned)
* →⇒ Slovak: cyklický
* → Spanish: cíclico (learned)

### References

* “cyclicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cyclicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
# 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀺𑀅
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀢𑀸𑀫𑁆𑀩𑀽𑀮𑀺𑀓 (tāmbūlika).

### Noun

𑀢𑀁𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀺𑀅 (taṃbolia) m (Devanagari तंबोलिअ)
* betelseller (one who sells betel)

#### Descendants

* Central:
** Eastern Hindi:
*** Bagheli: तमोली (tamolī)
*** Chhattisgarhi: तमोली (tamolī)
** Western Hindi:
*** Braj: तमोरी (tamorī), तमोली (tamolī)
*** Bundeli: तमोली (tamolī)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: तँबोली (tambolī), तमोली (tamolī), तंबोली (tambolī)
    Urdu: تنْبولِی (tnbolī), تَمْبولِی (tambolī), تَمولِی (tamolī)
* Eastern:
** Assamese: তামুলী (tamuli), তামূলী (tamuli)
** Middle Bengali: তামুলী (tamuli), তাম্বুলিনী (tambulini), তাম্বুলিযা (tambulija)
*** Bengali: তামলি (tamoli)
** Bihari:
*** Bhojpuri: tamolī
    Devanagari script: तमोली
    Kaithi script: 𑂞𑂧𑂷𑂪𑂲
*** Maithili: tamōri, tamōlī
    Devanagari script: तमोरि, तमोली
    Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒧𑒼𑒩𑒱, 𑒞𑒧𑒼𑒪𑒲
** Odia: ତାମଳି (tāmaḷi)
* Northern:
** Central Pahari:
*** Nepali: तमोली (tamolī)
* Northwestern:
** Old Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਤੰਬੋਲੀ (tambolī)
    Shahmukhi script: تَنْبولِی (tanbolī)
**   * Punjabi:
       Gurmukhi script: ਤੰਬੋਲੀ (tambolī)
       Shahmukhi script: تَن٘بولی (taṉbolī)
* Southern:
** Old Marathi: tāṃboḷī
    Devanagari script: तांबोळी
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘰𑘽𑘤𑘻𑘯𑘲
*** Marathi: tāmboḷī
    Devanagari script: तांबोळी
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘰𑘽𑘤𑘻𑘯𑘲
* Western:
** Gujarati: તંબોળી (tamboḷī)

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “तंबोलिअ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 424.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “taṁbōlia”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 329
# 𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌓𐌉
## Etruscan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.sɑr̪i/

### Noun

𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌓𐌉 • (esari)
* A sacral term

#### Descendants

* Marrucinian: Aisos (God)
* Paelignian: Aisis (God)
* North Picene: 𐌀𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌍 (aiten) (Sacral Term)
* Oscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌔𐌉𐌔 (aisusis) (Sacrifices)
* Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌍𐌏 (esono) (Divine, sacred, sacrifice)
* Volscian: esaristrom (Sacrifice)
* Eteocretan: Asasara (Deity Name)

### References

* ↑ https://etruscans1.tripod.com/Language/EtruscanAA.html
# Сварогъ
## Old East Slavic
### Alternative forms

* Соварогъ (Sovarogŭ)

### Etymology

Probably a Late East Slavic spelling of *Съварогъ (*Sŭvarogŭ), a learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic *Съварогъ (*Sŭvarogŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Sъvarogъ.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Сва‧рогъ

### Proper noun

Сварогъ (Svarogŭ) m (possessive adjective Сварожь)
* (Slavic mythology) Svarog (Slavic god of fire)
** 15th century, Hypatian Codex‎, page 207:[…] сего ради прозваше и б҃ъ Сварогъ[…] sego radi prozvaše i b:ŭ Svarogŭ […] for this reason he was called the god Svarog

#### Related terms

* Сварожиць (Svarožicĭ)

#### Descendants

* Russian: сва́рог (svárog) (dialectal)
* → Belarusian: Сваро́г (Svaróh) (learned)
* → Bulgarian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)
* → Czech: Svarog (learned)
* → Kashubian: Swarog (learned)
* → Macedonian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)
* → Polish: Swaróg (learned)
* → Russian: Сваро́г (Svaróg) (learned)
* → Serbo-Croatian: (learned)
    Cyrillic script: Сва̀рог
    Latin script: Svàrog
* → Slovak: Svarog (learned)
* → Slovene: Svarog (learned)
* → Ukrainian: Сваро́г (Svaróh) (learned)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “Сварогъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 265

## Russian
### Proper noun

Сваро́гъ • (Svaróg) m anim (genitive Сваро́га)
* Pre-1918 spelling of Сваро́г (Svaróg).
# ἀρχιεπίσκοπος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀρχι- (arkhi-) +‎ ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.çi.eˈpis.ko.pos/ → /ar.çi.eˈpis.ko.pos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ar.çi.eˈpis.ko.pos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ar.çi.eˈpis.ko.pos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ar.çi.eˈpis.ko.pos/

### Noun

ἀρχιεπίσκοπος • (arkhiepískopos) m (genitive ἀρχιεπισκόπου); second declension
* (Koine, Christianity) archbishop

#### Descendants

* Greek: αρχιεπίσκοπος (archiepískopos)
* → Latin: archiepiscopus (see there for further descendants)
* → Macedonian: архиепископ (arhiepiskop)
* → Old Church Slavonic: архиепискоупъ (arxiepiskupŭ)
* → Romanian: arhiepiscop
* → Russian: архиепископ (arxijepiskop)
* → Ukrainian: архієпископ (arxijepyskop)

### Further reading

* ἀρχιεπίσκοπος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀρχιεπίσκοπος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀρχιεπίσκοπος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀρχιεπίσκοπος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# ἀντίδοτος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From the root of ἀντιδίδωμι (antidídōmi) +‎ -τος (-tos)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.tí.do.tos/ → /anˈti.ðo.tos/ → /anˈdi.ðo.tos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /an.tí.do.tos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /anˈti.do.tos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /anˈti.ðo.tos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /anˈti.ðo.tos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /anˈdi.ðo.tos/

### Adjective

ἀντίδοτος • (antídotos) m or f (neuter ἀντίδοτον); second declension
* given in lieu of
* given as a remedy for
* (nominalized, f) antidote

#### Derived terms

* ἀντιδότιον (antidótion)

#### Descendants

* Greek: αντίδοτο (antídoto)
* → Esperanto: antidoto
* → Ido: antidoto
* → Latin: antidotum (see there for further descendants)
* → Russian: антидо́т (antidót)
* → Ukrainian: антидо́т (antydót)

### Further reading

* ἀντίδοτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀντίδοτος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀντίδοτος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀντίδοτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# ἀφασία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἄφατος (áphatos) +‎ -ίᾱ (-íā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.pʰa.sí.aː/ → /a.ɸaˈsi.a/ → /a.faˈsi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.pʰa.sí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.pʰaˈsi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ɸaˈsi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.faˈsi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.faˈsi.a/

### Noun

ἀφᾰσίᾱ • (aphăsíā) f (genitive ἀφᾰσίᾱς); first declension
* speechlessness

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: афа́зия (afázija)
* → Czech: afázie
* → Danish: afasi
* → Dutch: afasie
** Afrikaans: afasie
* → English: aphasia
* → Esperanto: afazio
* → Finnish: afasia
* → French: aphasie
* → Ido: afazio
* → Indonesian: afasia
* → Italian: afasia
* → Norwegian Bokmål: afasi
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: afasi
* → Polish: afazja
* → Portuguese: afasia
* → Russian: афа́зия (afázija)
** → Kazakh: афазия (afaziä)
* → Spanish: afasia
* → Swedish: afasi

### Further reading

* ἀφασία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀφασία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀφασία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀφασία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. dumbness idem, page 256.speechlessness idem, page 800.swoon idem, page 849.
# μείωσις
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From μειόω (meióō, “to lessen, diminish”) +‎ -σις (-sis)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /měː.ɔː.sis/ → /ˈmi.o.sis/ → /ˈmi.o.sis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /měː.ɔː.sis/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈmi.o.sis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈmi.o.sis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈmi.o.sis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈmi.o.sis/

### Noun

μείωσῐς • (meíōsĭs) f (genitive μειώσεως); third declension
* diminution
* waning (of the moon)
* loss (of property)

#### Descendants

* Greek: μείωση (meíosi)
* → Catalan: meiosi
* → English: meiosis, miosis
* → Finnish: meioosi
* → Hungarian: meiózis
* → Italian: meiosi
* → Latin: extenuātiō (semantic loan)
* → Polish: mejoza
* → Russian: мейо́з (mejóz)
** → Kazakh: мейоз (meioz)
* → Spanish: meiosis

### Further reading

* μείωσις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “μείωσις”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “μείωσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# Apenninus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Celtic *penn (“mountain, summit”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aː.penˈniː.nus/, [äːpɛnˈniːnʊs̠] or IPA: /a.penˈniː.nus/, [äpɛnˈniːnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a.penˈni.nus/, [äpenˈniːnus]

### Proper noun

Ā̆pennīnus m (genitive Ā̆pennīnī); second declension
* (geography) (in plural) The Apennines
* (with adjective) A particular portion of the Apennines.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun, with locative.

#### Descendants

* English: Apennines
* Italian: Appennini

### References

* “Apenninus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Apenninus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* Apenninus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# κοσμογονία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From κόσμος (kósmos) + the root of γίγνομαι (gígnomai) +‎ -ίᾱ (-íā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koz.mo.ɡo.ní.aː/ → /koz.mo.ɣoˈni.a/ → /koz.mo.ɣoˈni.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /koz.mo.ɡo.ní.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /koz.mo.ɡoˈni.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /koz.mo.ɣoˈni.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /koz.mo.ɣoˈni.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /koz.mo.ɣoˈni.a/

### Noun

κοσμογονίᾱ • (kosmogoníā) f (genitive κοσμογονίᾱς); first declension
* creation or origin of the world

#### Descendants

* → Czech: kosmogonie
* → Dutch: kosmogonie
* → English: cosmogony
* → Esperanto: kosmogonio
* → Finnish: kosmogonia
* → French: cosmogonie
* → Galician: cosmogonía
* → German: Kosmogonie
* → Italian: cosmogonia
* → Portuguese: cosmogonia
* → Romanian: cosmogonie
* → Russian: космого́ния (kosmogónija)
* → Serbo-Croatian: kozmogònija
* → Spanish: cosmogonía
* → Ukrainian: космого́нія (kosmohónija)

### Further reading

* κοσμογονία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “κοσμογονία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “κοσμογονία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀭𑀲
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀘𑀤𑀲 (paṃcadasa), from Sanskrit पञ्चदश (pañcadaśa).

### Numeral

𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀭𑀲 (paṇṇarasa) (Devanagari पण्णरस, Kannada ಪಣ್ಣರಸ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī) (cardinal number)
* fifteen

#### Descendants

* Central:
** Sauraseni Apabhramsa: पण्णरह (paṇṇaraha)
*** Hindustani:
**** Hindi: पंद्रह (pandrah)
**** Urdu: پَنْدْرَہ (pandrah)
*** Fiji Hindi: pandrah
*** Punjabi: ਪੰਦਰਾਂ (pandrā̃) / Punjabi: پَندراں (pandrāṉ)
*** Gujarati: પંદર (pandar)
*** Saurashtra: ꢧꢥ꣄ꢣ꣄ꢬꣁ (phandro)
* Northern:
** Nepali: पन्ध्र (pandhra)
* Eastern:
** Magadhi Prakrit:
*** Assamese: পোন্ধৰ (pündhor)
*** Bengali: পনেরো (ponerō)
*** Odia: ପନ୍ଦର (pandara)
*** Rohingya: 𐴉𐴟𐴕𐴊𐴡𐴤𐴌𐴡 (fundóro)
*** Sylheti: ꠙꠘ꠆ꠗꠧ (fondó)
* Southern:
** Helu Prakrit:
*** Dhivehi: ފަނަރަ (fanara)
*** Sinhalese: පහළොව (pahaḷowa)
** Maharastri Prakrit:
*** Marathi: पंधरा (pandhrā)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “páñcadaśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 319
# ἐκστατικός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐκ- (ek-) +‎ στατικός (statikós); also analyzable as the root of ἐξίστημι (exístēmi) +‎ -τικός (-tikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eks.ta.ti.kós/ → /eks.ta.tiˈkos/ → /eks.ta.tiˈkos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /eks.ta.ti.kós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /eks.ta.tiˈkos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eks.ta.tiˈkos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /eks.ta.tiˈkos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /eks.ta.tiˈkos/

### Adjective

ἐκστᾰτῐκός • (ekstătĭkós) m (feminine ἐκστᾰτῐκή, neuter ἐκστᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension
* inclined to depart from [with genitive]

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: extatisch
* → English: ecstatic
* → Finnish: ekstaattinen
* → French: extatique
* → Italian: estatico
* → Polish: ekstatyczny
* → Portuguese: extático
* → Spanish: extático
* → Ukrainian: екстатичний (ekstatyčnyj)

### Further reading

* ἐκστατικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἐκστατικός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἐκστατικός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἐκστατικός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# αἱμορροΐς
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) +‎ ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”) +‎ -ίς (-ís). Also serves as the feminine of αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hai̯.mor̥.r̥o.ís/ → /ɛ.mor.roˈis/ → /e.mo.roˈis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hai̯.mor̥.r̥o.ís/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)ɛ.mor.roˈis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ɛ.mor.roˈis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /e.mor.roˈis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /e.mo.roˈis/

### Noun

αἱμορροΐς • (haimorrhoḯs) f (genitive αἱμορροΐδος); third declension
* (chiefly in the plural) veins liable to discharge blood, especially haemorrhoids, piles
* a kind of shellfish, perhaps Aporrhais pespelecani

#### Descendants

* Greek: αιμορροΐδα (aimorroḯda)
* → Belarusian: гемаро́й (hjemarój)
* → Bulgarian: хеморои́д (hemoroíd)
* → Macedonian: хемороид (hemoroid)
* → Russian: геморро́й (gemorrój)
* → Turkish: hemoroit
* → Ukrainian: геморо́й (hemorój)
* → Volapük: hemoroid
* → Latin: haemorrhoidae
** → Catalan: hemorroide (learned)
** → Czech: hemoroid
** → Danish: hæmoride, hæmorroide
** → Middle English: emeroides, emerowdes, emeroydez, emoroydes, emoroides, emoraidez, ameraundys, emerawdys, emerawntys, emerodes
*** English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods
** → Esperanto: hemoroido
** → French: hémorroïde (learned)
** → Galician: hemorroide (learned)
** → German: Hämorrhoide
** → Indonesian: hemoroid
** → Italian: emorroide (learned)
** → Norwegian Bokmål: hemoroide
** → Norwegian Nynorsk: hemoroide
** → Polish: hemoroid
** → Portuguese: hemorroida
** → Romanian: hemoroid (learned)
** → Serbo-Croatian: hemoròīd
** → Slovak: hemoroid
** → Spanish: hemorroide (learned)
** → Swedish: hemorrojd

### Further reading

* αἱμορροΐς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* αἱμορροΐς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “αἱμορροΐς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “αἱμορροΐς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# ἐξηγητής
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐξηγέομαι (exēgéomai) +‎ -τής (-tḗs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ek.sɛː.ɡɛː.tɛ̌ːs/ → /ek.si.ʝiˈtis/ → /ek.si.ʝiˈtis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ek.sɛː.ɡɛː.tɛ̌ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ek.se̝.ɡe̝ˈte̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ek.si.ʝiˈtis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ek.si.ʝiˈtis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ek.si.ʝiˈtis/

### Noun

ἐξηγητής • (exēgētḗs) m (genitive ἐξηγητοῦ); first declension
* leader
* adviser
* expounder, interpreter (of oracles, dreams etc.)

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: exegeta
* → Dutch: exegeet
* → English: exegete
* → Finnish: eksegeetti
* → French: exégète
* → German: Exeget
* → Italian: esegeta
* → Polish: egzegeta
* → Portuguese: exegeta
* → Romanian: exeget
* → Russian: экзеге́т (ekzegét)
* → Serbo-Croatian: egzègēt
* → Spanish: exégeta
* → Swedish: exeget

### Further reading

* ἐξηγητής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “ἐξηγητής”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἐξηγητής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. active agent idem, page 10.adviser idem, page 15.advocate idem, page 15.champion idem, page 123.commentator idem, page 147.counsellor idem, page 176.exponent idem, page 295.fomenter idem, page 332.interpreter idem, page 452.mover idem, page 545.moving spirit idem, page 545.prime idem, page 640.prompter idem, page 653.proposer idem, page 653.ringleader idem, page 716.suggester idem, page 836.