# 文章
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wénzhāng
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^4$ zoeng$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-chông
* Northern Min (KCR): uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ùng-ciŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bûn-chiuⁿ / bûn-chioⁿ / bûn-chiong / bûn-chiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung$^5$ ziang$^1$ / bhung$^5$ ziên$^1$ / bhung$^5$ zion$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ven-tsaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wénzhāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúnjhang
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^2$-chang$^1$
*** Yale: wén-jāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenjang
*** Palladius: вэньчжан (vɛnʹčžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$文章 紋章 / 纹章
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /vəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^4$ zoeng$^1$
*** Yale: màhn jēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^4$ dzoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^4$ zêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$文章 紋章 / 纹章
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-chông
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˇ$ zong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^2$ zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /uɔŋ²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ùng-ciŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒuoŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: buncviw
*** IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siũ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-tsionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: buncvioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiong
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bunciofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiang
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bunciafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhung$^5$ ziang$^1$ / bhung$^5$ ziên$^1$ / bhung$^5$ zion$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng tsiang / bûng tsieⁿ / bûng tsioⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ³³/, /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sĩẽ³³/, /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sĩõ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ven-tsaon
*** MiniDict: ven$^去$ tsaon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ven-tsaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²² t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mjun tsyang
Rime :
| Character | 文 | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 無分切 | 諸良切 |
| Baxter | mjun | tsyang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨun/ | /t͡ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miun/ | /t͡ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuən/ | /t͡ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mun/ | /cɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miuən/ | /t͡ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭuən/ | /t͡ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯uən/ | /t͡ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wén | zhāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | man$^4$ | zoeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə[n] taŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯn kjaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 文 | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wén | zhāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjun › | ‹ tsyang › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə[n]/ | /*taŋ/ |
| English | ornate | brilliant; distinctive mark; to display |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 文 | 章 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13015 | 16817 |
| Phonetic component | 文 | 章 |
| Rime group | 文 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 文 | 章 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯn/ | /*kjaŋ/ |

### Noun

文章
* essay; composition; article (in a newspaper, magazine, on the Internet, etc.) (Classifier: 篇)
    熱門文章／热门文章 ― rèmén wénzhāng ― popular article
    發表文章／发表文章 ― fābiǎo wénzhāng ― to publish an article
       Wǒ xiě le yī piān wénzhāng, xiǎng qǐng nín gěi wǒ zhǐdiǎn yīxià. [Pinyin]
       I wrote an article and would like to ask you to give me some advice.
       Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
       How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.
       Wǒ kàn guò nǐ de wénzhāng, hěn xǐhuān nǐ de wéncǎi. [Pinyin]
       I've read your article and appreciate your literary talent.
* literary work; writing; text
* hidden meaning; implied meaning
* (Internet) message; post
* (archaic, literary) pattern
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Qīng huáng záróu, wénzhāng làn xī. [Pinyin]
    Dark-green mixed with yellow, splendid is thy pattern.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Suì zhū lǜ zhī, xuán huáng zhī, yǐ wéi fǔfú wénzhāng. [Pinyin]
    They then dyed the thread red and green, azure and yellow, to make the variously coloured figures on robes.

#### Synonyms

* (essay):
* 作文 (zuòwén)
* 筆札 / 笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
* 論文 / 论文 (lùnwén)
* (literary work):
* 冊 / 册 (cè) (as a classifier, or Classical Chinese)
* 冊子 / 册子 (cèzi)
* 卷 (juàn)
* 圖書 / 图书 (túshū) (as a collective term)
* 撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
* 文曲 (wénqǔ) (Classical Chinese)
* 書 / 书 (shū)
* 書冊 / 书册 (shūcè) (dated or Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien)
* 書卷 / 书卷 (shūjuàn)
* 書本 / 书本 (shūběn) (as a collective term)
* 書籍 / 书籍 (shūjí) (as a collective term)
* 本 (běn) (as a classifier)
* 本子 (běnzi)
* 本本 (běnběn) (informal, diminutive)
* 版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
* 簿 (bù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
* 簿仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 籍 (jí) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
* 經籍 / 经籍 (jīngjí)
* 著 (zhù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
* 著作 (zhùzuò)
* 藝文 / 艺文 (yìwén)
* (message; post): 帖子 (tiězi)

#### Derived terms

* 做文章 (zuò wénzhāng)
* 大有文章 (dàyǒuwénzhāng)
* 官樣文章 / 官样文章 (guānyàngwénzhāng)
* 表面文章 (biǎomiànwénzhāng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 文章(ぶんしょう) (bunshō)
* → Korean: 문장(文章) (munjang)
* → Vietnamese: văn chương (文章)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 文 | 章 |
| ぶん Grade: 1 | しょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぶんしょー [búꜜǹshòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

文(ぶん)章(しょう) • (bunshō)
* (grammar) a sentence
* writing
* an essay or composition
* a writing style

#### Synonyms

* (writing): 文書(ぶんしょ) (bunsho)

#### Derived terms

* 文章家: a writer, an essayist
* 文章語: literary (i.e. written) language

### Proper noun

Kanji in this term :
| 文 | 章 |
| ふみ Grade: 1 | あき Grade: 3 |
文(ふみ)章(あき) • (Fumiaki)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 文 | 章 |

### Noun

文章 • (munjang) (hangeul 문장)
* hanja form of 문장 (“(grammar) sentence”)
* hanja form of 문장 (“(a writing style)”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 文 | 章 |

### Noun

文章
* chữ Hán form of văn chương (“literature”).