OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# styrd
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse stirðr, from Proto-Germanic *sterþjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ster (“strong, steady”). Cognate with Icelandic stirður and Faroese stirdur.

#### Alternative forms

* stør, støl
* stird
* sterd
* stjard
* stjerd
* stjur’e
* stæl

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stʏːr/, /stʏːɽ/
* Rhymes: -ʏːr, -ʏːɽ

#### Adjective

styrd (neuter styrdt, definite singular and plural styrde, comparative styrdare, indefinite superlative styrdast, definite superlative styrdaste)
* stiff, rigid
    Synonym: stiv
* sore or stiff in muscles

##### Derived terms

* styrdleik

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

styrd (masculine and feminine styrd, neuter styrt, definite singular and plural styrde)
* past participle of styra

### References

“styrd” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

## Swedish
### Participle

styrd
* past participle of styra

### Adjective

styrd (not (comparable))
* steered, controlled, governed, ruled, driven

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* efterfrågestyrd
* högerstyrd
* vänsterstyrd
# अक्खड़
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa). Related to अकड़ (akaṛ).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ək.kʰəɽ/, [ɐk̚.kʰɐɽ]
* Hyphenation: अक्‧खड़, अ‧क्खड़
* Rhymes: -əɽ

### Adjective

अक्खड़ • (akkhaṛ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اَکَّھڑ)
* recalcitrant, stubborn
    Synonym: ज़िद्दी (ziddī)
* arrogant, audacious, presumptuous
* proud
* foolhardy, fearless

#### Derived terms

* अक्खड़पन (akkhaṛpan)
* अक्खड़पना (akkhaṛpanā)

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अक्खड़”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 11
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45

## Malvi
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa).
Cognate with Hindustani اَکَّھڑ / अक्खड़ (akkhaṛ)

### Adjective

अक्खड़ (akkhaṛ) (indeclinable)
* stubborn
* quarrelsome

### Further reading

* “अक्खड़”, in Hindwi Dictionary [including the languages of Hindi region] (in Hindi), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* डॉ॰ भगवतीलाल राजपुरोहित [Bhagwatilal Rajpurohit], डॉ॰ प्रह्लाद चन्द्र जोशी [Prahlad Chandra Joshi] (2010) “अक्खड़”, in मालवी - हिन्दी शब्दकोश [Malvi - Hindi Dictionary] (in Hindi), शिवाजी नगर, भोपाल [Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal]: माध्यमिक शिक्षा मण्डल परिसर [Madhyamik Shiksha Mandal Parisar], →ISBN, अ, page 13, column 1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45
# सही
## Hindi
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian صَحِیح (sahīh), from Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ). Compare Assamese চহী (sohi), Bengali সই (śoi, “signature”), Gujarati સહી (sahī), Kannada ಸಹಿ (sahi), Marathi सही (sahī), Punjabi ਸਹੀ (sahī) / سَہی (sahy).

#### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə.ɦiː/, [sɐ.ɦiː]
* (colloquial) IPA: /sə.iː/

#### Adjective

सही • (sahī) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling صحیح)
* right, correct, accurate
    क्या यह बनारस का सही रास्ता है?kyā yah banāras kā sahī rāstā hai?Is this the right way to Benares?

##### Synonyms

* ठीक (ṭhīk)

##### Antonyms

* ग़लत (ġalat)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

सही • (sahī) (Urdu spelling سہی)
* inflection of सहना (sahnā):
** feminine singular perfective participle
** feminine singular perfect indicative

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सही”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सही”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “सही”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صَحِیح (sahīh) with a semantic narrowing from “right, correct” to “signature” in Indian Persian, from Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ).
Compare Bengali সই (śoi, “signature”), Gujarati સહી (sahī), Hindi सही (sahī), Kannada ಸಹಿ (sahi), Punjabi ਸਹੀ (sahī) / سَہِی (sahī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.ɦi/, [sə.ɦiː]
* (colloquial) IPA: /sə.i/
* Hyphenation: स‧ही
* Rhymes: -i

### Noun

सही • (sahī) f
* signature
    सही करणे ― sahī karṇe ― to sign

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Sen, Sukumar (1971) An Etymological Dictionary of Bengali: c. 1000-1800 A.D.‎, volume 2, Calcutta: Eastern Publishers, page 864.

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “सही”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 156
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सई”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 807
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “सई”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 2980.
# sëtzen
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German sitzen, from Old High German sizzen, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan.
Cognate with German sitzen, Dutch zitten, English sit, West Frisian sitte, Icelandic sitja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzətsən/
    Rhymes: -ətsən

### Verb

sëtzen (third-person singular present sëtzt, preterite souz, past participle gesiess, past subjunctive séiz, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (intransitive) to sit (to be seated)
* (intransitive) to sit (to be a member on a committee)
* (intransitive, of clothes) to fit, to sit
* (intransitive, colloquial) to do time, to be in prison

#### Derived terms

* asëtzen
* besëtzen
* festsëtzen
# աբեթ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation
** աբՙբՙեթ (abʻbʻetʻ) — Haçin
** աբՙէթ (abʻētʻ) — Kharberd
** ափէթ (apʻētʻ) — Hamshen
** աբՙիթ (abʻitʻ) — Zeitun
** աբէթ (abētʻ) — Karabakh

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Armenian աբեթ (abetʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈbetʰ/, [ɑbétʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑˈpet/, [ɑpʰétʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

աբեթ • (abetʻ)
* tinder, amadou (usually made of mushroom, charred linen, etc.)
    Synonym: ղավ (ġav)
* Synonym of աբեթասունկ (abetʻasunk)

#### Derived terms

* աբեթենի (abetʻeni), աբեթասունկ (abetʻasunk)

### References

* Aġayan, Ēduard (1976) “աբեթ”, in Ardi hayereni bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan
* “աբեթ”, in Žamanakakicʻ hayocʻ lezvi bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, 1969–1980
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “աբեթ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 19

## Middle Armenian
### Alternative forms

* աբէդ (abēd), աբեդ (abed)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Georgian აბედი (abedi).

### Noun

աբեթ • (abetʻ)
* tinder, amadou

#### Descendants

* Armenian: աբեթ (abetʻ), աբՙբՙեթ (abʻbʻetʻ) — Haçin, աբՙէթ (abʻētʻ) — Kharberd, ափէթ (apʻētʻ) — Hamshen, աբՙիթ (abʻitʻ) — Zeitun, աբէթ (abētʻ) — Karabakh

### References

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աբեթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Marr, N. (1918) “Яфетические элементы в языках Армении. X [Japhethic Elements in the Languages of Armenia. X]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия‎ (in Russian), volume 12, number 6, page 339 of 317–348
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աբեթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 74a
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “աբեթ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 19
# 平肝藥
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pínggān yào
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄢ ㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pínggān yào
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄢ ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pínggan yào
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^2$-kan$^1$ yao$^4$
*** Yale: píng-gān yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pynggan yaw
*** Palladius: пингань яо (pinganʹ jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ kän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

平肝藥
* Materia medica in traditional Chinese medicine that are used to "calm the liver".

#### Hyponyms

* 珍珠 (zhēnzhū), Scientific name: Margarita
* 珍珠母 (zhēnzhūmǔ), Scientific name: concha margaritifera usta
* 天麻 (tiānmá), Scientific name: rhizoma gastrodiae
* 僵蚕, Scientific name: Bombyx batryticatus
* 牡蛎 (mǔlì), Scientific name: concha ostreae
* 山羊角 (shānyángjiǎo), Scientific name: cornu naemorhedi
* 羚羊角 (língyángjiǎo), Scientific name: cornu saigae tataricae
* 代赭石 (dàizhěshí), Scientific name: haematitum
* 地龙 (dìlóng), Scientific name: Lumbricus
* 钩藤 (gōuténg), Scientific name: ramulus uncariae
* 蜈蚣 (wúgōng), Scientific name: Scolopendra
* 全蝎 (quánxiē), Scientific name: Scorpio or Scorpiones
* 石决明 (shíjuémíng), Scientific name: concha haliotidis

#### See also

* 平肝息风药 (medicinal materials to "calm the liver and stop the wind")
* 药材 (yàocái) (medicinal materials in traditional Chinese medicine)

### References

* 平肝药 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{zh}$
* Ou, Ming with Li Yanwen (1994) The Traditional Chinese Drug and Its Usage, Hai Feng Publishing Co., →ISBN
* Ching-Liang Hsieh, Jyh-Jian Lin, Su-Yin Chiang, Shan-Yu Su, Nou-Ying Tang, Gaung-Geng Lin, I-Hsin Lin, Chung-Hsiang Liu, Chien-Yun Hsiang, Jaw-Chyun Chen, Tin-Yun Ho, "Gastrodia elata modulated activator protein 1 via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in kainic acid-induced epilepsy in rats", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 109, Issue 2, 19 January 2007, Pages 241-247.
* Nai-Kuei Huang, Yun-Lian Lin, Jing-Jy Cheng, Wen-Lin Lai, "Gastrodia elata prevents rat pheochromocytoma cells from serum-deprived apoptosis: the role of the MAPK family", Life Sciences, Volume 75, Issue 13, 13 August 2004, Pages 1649-1657.
* Hyeon-Ju Kim, Kwang-Deog Moon, Dong-Seok Lee, Sang-Han Lee, "Ethyl ether fraction of Gastrodia elata Blume protects amyloid β peptide-induced cell death", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 84, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 95-98.
# mangubat
## English
### Noun

mangubat (plural mangubats)
* A traditional Tausug folk doctor in the Philippines.
** 1962, Philippine Sociological Review, volumes 10-11, page 101:The position of the mangubat is not hereditary, in the sense that the son of a mangubat follows his father's profession. Anyone who desires can become a mangubat. Curing powers are obtained through training […]
** 1967, Antonio G. Manuud, Brown Heritage: Essays on Philippine Culture Tradition and Literature:More frequently, a mangubat, or folk medicine specialist, otherwise known as a quack doctor, will first attempt to cure the person through the use of folk religion, and special charms.

### See also

* mananambal
* mangagamot

### References

* Peter G. Gowing (1979) Muslim Filipinos: heritage and horizon, page 88: “When illness is attributed to the spirits, the Tausug turn to the curer or mangubat [...]”
# göu
## Middle High German
### Alternative forms

* göuwe, gou, geu, gäw

### Etymology

From Old High German gawi, gouwi, from Proto-West Germanic *gawi.
See also Low German Gohe, Dutch gouw, West Frisian gea, goa), German Aue.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈɡøy̯/

### Noun

göu n
* shire, district

#### Descendants

* German: Gau

### References

* Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “göu”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
# પૂછવું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Gujarati पूछिवउं (pūchivaüṃ), from Old Gujarati पूछइ (pūchaï), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (pucchadi), from Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛcchati), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥ćśáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥šćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti. Doublet of પ્રિછવું (prichvũ, “to understand”).
Hindustani پُوچْھنا / पूछना (pūchnā), Marwari पूछणौ (pūchṇau), Marathi पुसणे (pusṇe), Punjabi پُچّھݨا / ਪੁੱਛਣਾ (pucchaṇā), Sindhi پُڇَڻُ / पुछणु (puchaṇu). Wider cognates include Persian پُرسیدَن (porsidan), Russian проси́ть (prosítʹ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈput͡ʃʰ.ʋũ/
* Rhymes: -ũ
* Hyphenation: પૂછ‧વું

### Verb

પૂછવું • (pūchvũ)
* to ask

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pr̥ccháti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 473
# เกรตบริเตน
## Thai
### Etymology

From English Great Britain.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เกรตบริเตน e k r t ɓ r i e t n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เกฺร๊ด-บฺริ-เตน e k ̥ r ˊ ɗ – ɓ ̥ r i – e t n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gréet-brì-dteen |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kret-bri-ten |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kreːt̚˦˥.bri˨˩.teːn˧/ |

### Proper noun

เกรตบริเตน • (gréet-brì-dteen)
* Great Britain.

#### Synonyms

* บริเตนใหญ่ (brì-dteen-yài)

#### Derived terms

* ราชอาณาจักรเกรตบริเตน (râat-chá-aa-naa-jàk-gréet-brì-dteen, “Kingdom of Great Britain”)
* สหราชอาณาจักรเกรตบริเตน (sà-hà-râat-chá-aa-naa-jàk-gréet-brì-dteen, “United Kingdom of Great Britain”)
* สหราชอาณาจักรเกรตบริเตนและไอร์แลนด์ (sà-hà-râat-chá-aa-naa-jàk-gréet-brì-dteen-lɛ́-ai-lɛɛn, “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”)
* สหราชอาณาจักรเกรตบริเตนและนอร์เทิร์นไอร์แลนด์ (sà-hà-râat-chá-aa-naa-jàk-gréet-brì-dteen-lɛ́-nɔ́t-tə̂n-ai-lɛ̂n, “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”)
# คณะกรรมการ
## Thai
### Etymology

From คณะ (ká-ná, “group”) +‎ กรรมการ (gam-má-gaan, “attendant; servant; slave; worker”). Compare Modern Khmer គណៈកម្មការ (kĕəʼnaʼ kamkɑɑ).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | คณะกรรมการ g ɳ a k r r m k ā r |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | คะ-นะ-กำ-มะ-กาน g a – n a – k å – m a – k ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | ká-ná-gam-má-gaan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kha-na-kam-ma-kan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kʰa˦˥.na˦˥.kam˧.ma˦˥.kaːn˧/ |

### Noun

คณะกรรมการ • (ká-ná-gam-má-gaan) (classifier คณะ)
* group of persons set up to perform certain functions: board, committee, commission, council, etc.
    คณะกรรมการวิจัยแห่งชาติ
       ká-ná-gam-má-gaan wí-jai hɛ̀ng châat
       National Research Council
    คณะกรรมการการเลือกตั้ง
       ká-ná-gam-má-gaan gaan-lʉ̂ʉak-dtâng
       Election Commission
    คณะกรรมการสิ่งแวดล้อมแห่งชาติ
       ká-ná-gam-má-gaan sìng-wɛ̂ɛt-lɔ́ɔm hɛ̀ng châat
       National Environment Commission
    คณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา
       ká-ná-gam-má-gaan grìt-sà-dii-gaa
       Council of State
    คณะกรรมการพัฒนาการเศรษฐกิจและสังคมแห่งชาติ
       ká-ná-gam-má-gaan pát-tá-naa gaan-sèet-tà-gìt lɛ́ sǎng-kom hɛ̀ng châat
       National Economics and Social Development Board

#### Usage notes

* A member of such group is called กรรมการ (gam-má-gaan), such as กรรมการ ป.ป.ช. (gam-má-gaan bpɔɔ-bpɔɔ-chɔɔ, “NACC Member”), กรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน (gam-má-gaan-gaan-sʉ̀k-sǎa-kân-pʉ́ʉn-tǎan, “Basic Education Commissioner”).
* The presiding member or chair of such group is called ประธานกรรมการ (bprà-taan-gam-má-gaan), such as ประธานกรรมการ ก.ตร. (bprà-taan-gam-má-gaan gɔɔ-dtɔɔ-rɔɔ, “NPC President”), ประธานกรรมการปฏิรูปกฎหมาย (bprà-taan-gam-má-gaan-bpà-dtì-rûup-gòt-mǎai, “President of the Law Reform Commission”).
* Such group that belongs to a legislature is often called คณะกรรมาธิการ (ká-ná-gam-maa-tí-gaan).

#### Related terms

* คณะกรรมาธิการ

#### See also

* สภา (sà-paa)
* สมัชชา
# खाणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀔𑀸𑀅𑀇 (khāaï), from Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati).
Cognate with Konkani खाव्चे (khāvce), Gujarati ખાવું (khāvũ), Hindi खाना (khānā), Sindhi کائِڻُ / खाइणु, Punjabi ਖਾਣਾ (khāṇā) / کھانا (khānā), Nepali खानु (khānu), Garhwali खाणु (khāṇu), Bhojpuri खाईल (khāīl), Bengali খাওয়া (khaōẇa), Assamese খা (kha), Sylheti ꠈꠣꠃꠣ (xáua), Rajbanshi खाबा, Sinhalese කනවා (kanawā), Dhivehi ކަނީ (kanī).

### Verb

खाणे • (khāṇe) (transitive)
* to eat

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “खाणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “खाणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “खाणें”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “khāˊdati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# qalmaq
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiāl-mak (“to stay behind, remain”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰞 (qal-, “to be left (behind)”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (qal-, “to remain”), Karakhanid قَلْماقْ (qalmāq, “to remain”), Turkish kalmak (“to remain, stay”), Bashkir ҡалыу (qalıw, “to remain”), Chagatai [script needed] (qalmaq, “to remain”), Chuvash юлма (julma, “to remain”), Kazakh қалу (qalu, “to remain”), Khakas халарға (xalarğa, “to remain”), Kipchak [Arabic needed] (qal-, “to remain, stay”), Kyrgyz калуу (kaluu, “to remain”), Tatar калу (qalu, “to remain”), Turkmen gālmak (“to remain”), Tuvan калыр (kalır, “to remain, stay”), Uyghur قالماق (qalmaq, “to remain”), Uzbek qolmoq (“to remain, stay”), Yakut хаал (qaal, “to remain, stay”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡɑɫˈmɑχ]
* Hyphenation: qal‧maq
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Verb

qalmaq (intransitive)
* to stay
    Heç kim qalmadı, hamı çıxıb getdi. ― No one stayed, everyone left.
* to remain, be left; to be left over
    Neçə dənəsi qalıb? (referring to objects) ― How many of them are still there?
* survive, remain alive
    Hamı öləcək, tək mən qalacağam. ― Everyone is going to die, I will be the only one to remain alive.
** 2015 October, “Quş nəslinin sonuna çıxan tək bir pişik.”, in Bunabax5‎:Uça bilməyən quşlar isə bu sıçovullar üçün asan yemə çevrildilər və bir müddət sonra o quşlardan demək olar ki bir dənəsi də qalmadıWhereas the birds unable to fly turned into easy catch for the rats, and practically not a single one of those birds survived after a while.
** 2011 September 10, kulis.az‎:Klassiklər sırasına girmək çox mühümdür. Fikirləşin ki, bir əsrdə yazılmış bütün romanlardan 10-15 dənəsi qalır.It is very important to enter the ranks the classics. Consider that of all the novels written in a century, only 10-15 survive [in memory].
* to live, stay, reside
    Synonym: yaşamaq
    Siz harada qalırsınız? ― Where do you stay? Where do you live?
    Onlar bir yerdə qalırlar. ― They are staying in one place, they live together.
** 2014 May, İlqar Rəsul, “Şuşa xatirələri”, in Lenta.az‎, archived from the original on 12 November 2017:Hər yayı Şuşada dincəlirdik balaca vaxt. Orda qohumlarımız var idi. Düz iki ay orda qalırdıq.We would go on a short vacation to Shusha every summer. We had relatives there. We used to live there for exactly two months.
* to be postponed to [with dative]
    İşimizin həlli qaldı sonraya. ― The solution for our issue is postponed to later.

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kiāl-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Further reading

* “qalmaq” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | къалмакъ |
| Roman | |

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiāl-mak (“to stay behind, remain”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: qal‧maq

### Verb

qalmaq
* to find oneself
* to remain, be left
    trenniñ ketmesine beş daqqa qaldı ― There are five minutes left before the train departs

#### Related terms

* qalma

### References

* “qalmaq”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)
# gəzmək
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *keŕ- (“to walk, walk through”).
Cognate with Turkish gezmek (“to walk”), Crimean Tatar kezmek (“to walk”), Turkmen gezmek (“to wander”), Balkan Gagauz Turkish gezinmää (“to walk”), Bashkir гиҙеү (giźew, “to travel”), Karachay-Balkar кезик (kezik, “queue”), Kazakh кезек (kezek, “queue”), Kyrgyz кезек (kezek, “queue”), Tatar гизү (gizü, “to walk through”), Uzbek kezmoq (“to walk”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɟæzˈmæk], [ɟæzˈmæj]
* (Absheron) IPA: [ɟæzˈmej]
* (Tabriz) IPA: [d͡ʒæzˈmɑχ]
* Hyphenation: gəz‧mək
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Verb

gəzmək
* to walk (go for a walk), to stroll
    Synonyms: dolaşmaq, aylanmaq, gəzişmək, gəzinmək
    parkda gəzmək ― to walk in the park
    Gəzməyə çıxmışıq. ― We are out for a walk.
    Gedək gəzək. ― Let's go take a walk.
* to walk (to move on the feet, as opposed to i.e. by car)
    Synonym: yerimək
    Piyada gəzməyin sağlamlığa faydası çoxdur ― Walking by foot has many benefits for the health.
    Qısa məsəfələrə maşınla getməyin əvəzinə bir az gəzəydin.Instead of driving the car short distances, you should walk a little.
* (transitive) to travel, visit (places, countries, etc.)
    Synonym: səyahət etmək
    Atam cavanlıqda bütün dünyanı gəzmişdi ― In his youth, my father traveled the whole world.
    Orada gəzməli yerlər çoxdur ― There are a lot of [interesting] places to visit there
* (intransitive) to hang out with someone
    dostlarla gəzmək ― to hang out with friends
* (intransitive, colloquial) to go out with someone, to date someone
* (intransitive, colloquial) to have sex with someone, to be with someone
** 2016 February 9, Big.az‎:Mənim oğlum kişidir. 1000 dənə qızla gəzib.My son is a [real] man. He has been with 1000 girls.

#### Derived terms

* gəzinti (“walk”)
* gəzişmək (“to stroll”)
* gəzinmək (“to stroll”)
* gəzdirmək (“to take out on a walk”)
* gəzəyən (“hussy”)

### Further reading

* “gəzmək” in Obastan.com.
# চাকা
## Assamese
### Alternative forms

* চকা (soka) (Standard)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit চক্ৰ (cakra, “circle”).
Cognate with Sylheti ꠌꠣꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ (sakka), ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa), Bengali চাকা (caka), Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”), Persian چرخ (čarx), Old Church Slavonic коло (kolo), Lithuanian kãklas, Tocharian B kokale, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Latin colus, Old English hwēol (whence English wheel).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.ka/

### Noun

চাকা • (saka)
* (dialectal) wheel
* sun
    Synonym: (more common) বেলি (beli)

#### Related terms

* চকৰ (sokor)
* চকৰা (sokora)
* চকৰি (sokori)
* চকৰী (sokori)
* চাক (sak)
* চাকি (saki)

## Bengali
### Etymology

Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀓​ (cakkaka​), from 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cakka) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from earlier *ḱekrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷekʷlóm. Doublet of চক্র (cokro), চক্কর (cokkor), and চরকা (corka).
* Sylheti ꠌꠣꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ (sakka), ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa)
* Assamese চাকা (saka)
* Odia ଚକ (caka)
* Maithili चाक (cāk)
* Bhojpuri चाक (cāk)
* Hindi चक्का (cakkā), चाक (cāk)
* Nepali चाक (cāk)
* Gujarati ચાક (cāk)
* Punjabi ਚੱਕਾ (cakkā)
* Marathi चाक (cāk)
* Sinhalese සක (saka)
* Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra)
* Persian چرخ (čarx)
* Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos)
* English wheel, cycle
* Santali ᱪᱚᱠ (côk)

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /t͡ʃaka/, [ˈt͡ʃakaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /tɕaka/, [ˈtɕakaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aka
* Hyphenation: চা‧কা

### Noun

চাকা • (caka)
* wheel

#### Related terms

* চাক (cak)
* চাকতি (cakti)
* চাকি (caki)
# ڕەوشەنویر
## Southern Kurdish
### Etymology

Calque of Persian روشنفکر .

### Noun

ڕەوشەنویر (rawşanwīr)
* intellectual