# 銀杏
## Chinese

* 銀杏

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yínxìng
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin$^2$ hen$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan$^4$ hang$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$ xing$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gîn-hēng / gûn-hēng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin-ghan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yínxìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yínsìng
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^2$-hsing$^4$
*** Yale: yín-syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ynshinq
*** Palladius: иньсин (inʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /in³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yin$^2$ hen$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: inxen
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹ xən²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngan$^4$ hang$^6$
*** Yale: ngàhn hahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngan$^4$ hang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngen$^4$ heng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐn²¹ hɐŋ²²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ing$^1$ xing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîn-hēng / gûn-hēng
*** Tâi-lô: gîn-hīng / gûn-hīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ginheng, gunheng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡin²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/, /ɡun²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡin²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴¹/, /ɡun²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡin¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/, /ɡun¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡin²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ³³/, /ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡin²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ³³/, /ɡun²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin-ghan
*** MiniDict: nyin$^去$ ghan
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyin-hhan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² ɦã⁴⁴/

### Noun

銀杏
* (～樹) ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, tree)
* ginkgo nut

#### Synonyms

* (tree): 白果 (báiguǒ), 公孫樹／公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 白果, 銀杏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 白果兒, 白果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 白果兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 白果 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 白果 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 白果兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 銀杏, 白果 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 銀杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 銀杏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 白果, 銀杏 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 銀杏, 白果 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 白果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 白果, 銀杏 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 白果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 白果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 白果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 白果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 白果 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 白果 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 白果子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 白果兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 白果 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 白果 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 白果 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 白果 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 白果 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 白果 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 白果 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 白果 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 白果 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 銀杏, 白果 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白果 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 白果, 白果仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 白果 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 白果 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 白果 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 銀杏, 白果 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 白果 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 白果 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 白果 |
| Wu | Danyang | 白果 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 白果 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 白果, 銀杏 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 白果 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 白果 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 白果 |

#### Derived terms

* 銀杏沱 / 银杏沱 (Yínxìngtuó)

#### Descendants

* → Hawaiian: nanahana (via Cantonese ngan⁴ hang⁶)
* → Japanese: 銀杏(ぎんなん) (ginnan)
* → Korean: 은행(銀杏) (eunhaeng)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 銀 | 杏 |
| いちょう ||
| Grade: 3 | Jinmeiyō |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spellings
* 公孫樹 鴨脚樹
/it͡ɕijau/ → /it͡ɕjɔː/ → /it͡ɕoː/
Borrowing from Chinese 鴨腳 / 鸭脚 (yājiǎo, “ginkgo”) around the Muromachi period.
There is an Edo-period folk etymology that the original derivation was 一葉 (ichiyō, literally “a single leaf”), but from the historical kana usage, 一葉 would be read as いちえふ (ichi-efu) → いてふ (itefu), instead of いちやう (i-chau).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いちょー [ìchóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [it͡ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

銀杏(いちょう) or 銀杏(イチョウ) • (ichō)
* ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba)
* an arrowhead in the shape of a ginkgo leaf
* Short for 銀杏頭 (ichō-gashira): an Edo-period hairstyle, with the topknot in the shape of a ginkgo leaf, today usually associated with higher-ranked sumo wrestlers
* a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a motif of various styles of gingko leaves

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イチョウ.

##### Derived terms

* 銀杏(いちょう)脚(あし) (ichō-ashi)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)芋(イモ) (ichō-imo)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)浮苔(ウキゴケ) (ichō ukigoke)
* 銀杏(いちょう)会(かい) (Ichō-kai)
* 銀杏(いちょう)返(がえ)し (ichō-gaeshi)
* 銀杏(いちょう)頭(がしら) (ichō-gashira)
* 銀杏(いちょう)形(がた) (ichō-gata)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)蟹(ガニ) (ichōgani)
* 銀杏(いちょう)切(ぎ)り (ichō-giri)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)草(グサ) (ichō-gusa)
* 銀杏(いちょう)崩(くず)し (ichō-kuzushi)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)苔(ゴケ) (ichō-goke)
* 銀杏(イチョウ)草(ソウ) (ichō-sō)
* 銀杏(いちょう)羽(ば) (ichōba)
* 銀杏(いちょう)歯(ば) (ichōba)
* 銀杏(いちょう)髷(まげ) (ichō-mage)
* 銀杏(いちょう)黄葉(もみじ) (ichō momiji)
* 鯔(いな)背(せ)銀杏(いちょう) (inase ichō)
* 岩(イワ)銀杏(イチョウ) (iwa-ichō)
* 大(おお)銀杏(いちょう) (ōichō)
* 楽(がく)屋(や)銀杏(いちょう) (gakuya ichō)
* 乳(ちち)銀杏(いちょう) (chichi ichō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 銀 | 杏 |
| ぎん Grade: 3 | あん > なん Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on | tōon |
Attested around the mid-12th century.
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 唐音 (tō'on, “Tang sound”) of 杏 (an), as in 杏子 (anzu, “apricot”).
The an changes to nan as an instance of renjō (連声).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎんなん [gìńnáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɡʲĩnːã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

銀(ぎん)杏(なん) • (ginnan)
* Ginkgo biloba
** a ginkgo tree
** a ginkgo nut or seed

##### Derived terms

* 銀杏(ギンナン)草(ソウ) (ginnansō)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 銀 | 杏 |
| ぎん Grade: 3 | きょう Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 慣用音 (kan'yō-on, “Customary sound”) of 杏 (kyō), as in 杏仁 (kyōnin, “apricot seed”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡʲĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

銀(ぎん)杏(きょう) • (ginkyō)
* Ginkgo biloba

##### Descendants

* → Translingual: Ginkgo
* → English: ginkgo

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN