# 秒

| 秒 | U+79D2, &#31186; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D2 |
| ← 科 [U+79D1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 秓 → [U+79D3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

秒 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火竹 (HDFH), four-corner 2992$_0$, composition ⿰禾少)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24952
* Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 12
* Unihan data for U+79D2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觘 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 抄 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 鈔 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 訬 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ |
| 炒 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 吵 | *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ |
| 耖 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 仯 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 眇 | *mewʔ |
| 渺 | *mewʔ |
| 杪 | *mewʔ |
| 秒 | *mewʔ |
| 篎 | *mewʔ, *mews |
| 妙 | *mews |
| 玅 | *mews |
| 釥 | *sm̥ʰewʔ |
| 小 | *smewʔ |
| 少 | *hmjewʔ, *hmjews |
| 麨 | *m̥ʰjewʔ |
| 尠 | *senʔ, *smos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): miǎo (miao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miao$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): miu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): miau$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mieu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): miéu
    (Hailu, HRS): miau$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miau$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): miau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): miǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): miēu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): biáu / bió
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miao$^2$ / miou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$miau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎo
*** Wade–Giles: miao$^3$
*** Yale: myǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meau
*** Palladius: мяо (mjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: miao$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miao
*** Sinological IPA : /miau⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: miu$^5$
*** Yale: míuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: miu$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: miu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːu̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: miau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbiau²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /miɛu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: mieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯eu̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: miau$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /miau²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: miau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /miau⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /miau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: miēu
*** Sinological IPA : /mieu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biáu
*** Tâi-lô: biáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biao
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biau⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bió
*** Tâi-lô: bió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bioir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bio⁵³/
* Taiwan:
** biáu - literary;
** bió - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: mjiewX
Rime :
| Character | 秒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 亡沼切 |
| Baxter | mjiewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | miu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mewʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13698 |
| Phonetic component | 小 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 眇 |
| Old Chinese | /*mewʔ/ |

#### Definitions

秒
* (obsolete) awn; arista
* (obsolete) tiny; minute; insignificant
* (obsolete) tip; end; extremity
* Classifier for time: second
    一天有86400秒。 ― Yī tiān yǒu 86400 miǎo. ― There are 86,400 seconds in one day.
* Classifier for measuring an angle or latitude/longitude: second; arcsecond
* (obsolete) unit of length equal to 0.0001 cun
* (neologism, by extension) in seconds; immediately; instantly; at once
    秒回 ― miǎo huí ― to reply instantly
    秒刪／秒删 ― miǎo shān ― to delete instantly
    秒放 ― miǎo fàng ― to release immediately
* (neologism, by extension, of player, enemy, problem, etc.) to instantly kill, finish, solve, etc.
       Zhè dào tí yòng luòbìdá fǎzé miǎo le. [Pinyin]
       You can solve this problem instantly using L'Hospital's rule.

##### Synonyms

* 秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)

##### Compounds

* 位元每秒
* 分秒
* 分秒必爭 / 分秒必争 (fēnmiǎobìzhēng)
* 披秒
* 每秒位元數 / 每秒位元数
* 每秒傳輸千位元數 / 每秒传输千位元数
* 每秒傳送位數 / 每秒传送位数
* 每秒千位元數 / 每秒千位元数
* 每秒千字節 / 每秒千字节
* 每秒千比特
* 比特每秒
* 毫秒 (háomiǎo)
* 爭分奪秒 / 争分夺秒 (zhēngfēnduómiǎo)
* 秒回 (miǎohuí)
* 秒差距 (miǎochājù)
* 秒忽
* 秒殺 / 秒杀 (miǎoshā)
* 秒針 / 秒针 (miǎozhēn)
* 秒錶 / 秒表 (miǎobiǎo)
* 秒鐘 / 秒钟 (miǎozhōng)
* 米每秒
* 讀秒 / 读秒 (dúmiǎo)
* 閏秒 / 闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 秒 – see 藐 (“small; young; to look down on; to think little of; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 藐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* second

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)
* Kun: のぎ (nogi, 秒)

#### Compounds

* 秒(びょう)速(そく) (byōsoku)
* 秒(びょう)読(よ)み (byōyomi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 秒
* びょう Grade: 3
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) びょー [byóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bʲo̞ː]
* Homophones: 眇, 廟, 鋲, 渺

### Noun

秒(びょう) • (byō)
* second (one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time)
* second (unit of angular measure)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 묘 (myo) based on Middle Chinese 秒 (MC mjiewX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw) | 묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [초]

### Hanja

Wikisource 秒 (eumhun 초 초 (cho cho))
* hanja form of 초 (“the SI unit of time, second”)
* hanja form of 초 (“(geometry) a second of arc”)

#### Compounds

* 기초 (記秒, gicho)
* 매초 (每秒, maecho)
* 분초 (分秒, buncho)
* 윤초 (閏秒, yuncho)
* 초속 (秒速, chosok)
* 초침 (秒針, chochim)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

秒: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, sao
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.