OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chlamydomonadaceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Chlamydomonas +‎ -aceae

### Proper noun

Chlamydomonadaceae
* A taxonomic family within the order Chlamydomonadales – certain green algae.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Chlorophyta – infrakingdom; Chlorophyta – phylum; Chlorophytina – subphylum; Chlorophyceae – class; Chlamydomonadales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Brachiomonas, Chlamydomonas, Polytoma – selected genera; see Category:Chlamydomonadaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons and others in references below for various circumscriptions.

### References

* Chlamydomonadaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Chlamydomonadaceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Chlamydomonadaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Chlamydomonadaceae at World Register of Marine Species
* Chlamydomonadaceae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Chlamydomonadaceae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Chlamydomonadaceae placement and circumscription (click icon for description) at AlgaeBase
# ラン
## Japanese
### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ラン [ráꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾã̠ɴ]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English run.

#### Noun

ラン • (ran)
* run (act or instance of running)
* (computing) run (execution of a program)
    Synonym: 実行 (jikkō)
* (baseball, in compounds) run (score in baseball)

##### Derived terms

* アーンドラン (āndo ran, “earned run”)
* ウィニングラン (winingu ran, “winning run (in baseball); victory lap”)
* エンドラン (endo ran, “end run”)
* オーバーラン (ōbāran, “overrunning (the base)”)
* 帰宅(きたく)ラン (kitaku ran, “after-work running”)
* さよならホームラン (walk-off home run)
* スピードラン (supīdoran, “speedrun”)
* スリーラン (surī ran, “three-run homer”)
* セカンドラン (sekando ran, “second run, rerun (of a movie)”)
* 早朝(そうちょう)ラン (sōchō ran, “morning running”)
* 通勤(つうきん)ラン (tsūkin ran, “run commuting”)
* テストラン (tesuto ran, “test run”)
* ノーヒットノーラン (nō hitto nō ran, “no-hit, no-run game”)
* ノーラン (nō ran, “no-hitter; no-run stockings”)
* ノンラン (nonran, “no-run stockings”)
* バントエンドラン (banto endo ran, “bunt and run”)
* ヒットエンドラン (hitto endo ran, “hit-and-run”)
* ビクトリーラン (bikutorī ran, “victory lap”)
* ホームラン (hōmu ran, “home run”)
* ラストラン (rasuto ran, “last run”)
* ランニングホームラン (inside-the-park home run)
* ランレングス圧縮(あっしゅく) (ran rengusu asshuku, “run-length encoding”)
* ロングラン (long run (of a movie or play))

##### Related terms

* ラニング (raningu)
* ランナー (rannā)

#### Verb

ランする • (ran suru) suru (stem ランし (ran shi), past ランした (ran shita))
* to run
* (computing) to run (a program)
    Synonym: 実行 する (jikkō suru)

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ランし | ran shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ランし | ran shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ランする | ran suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ランする | ran suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ランすれ | ran sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ランせよ¹ ランしろ² | ran seyo¹ ran shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | ランされる | ran sareru |
| Causative | ランさせる ランさす | ran saseru ran sasu |
| Potential | ランできる | ran dekiru |
| Volitional | ランしよう | ran shiyō |
| Negative | ランしない | ran shinai |
| Negative continuative | ランせず | ran sezu |
| Formal | ランします | ran shimasu |
| Perfective | ランした | ran shita |
| Conjunctive | ランして | ran shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | ランすれば | ran sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French Laon.

#### Proper noun

ラン • (Ran)
* Laon (a city in the Aisne department, Hauts-de-France, France)

### Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of ラン – see the following entries. :
| 【蘭らん】J | [noun] an orchid [noun] a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves [noun] (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae [proper noun] Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch [proper noun] a female given name [proper noun] a surname |
| 【LAN】 | [noun] LAN (local area network) |
(This term, ラン (ran), is the katakana spelling of the above terms.) :

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# гострий
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ostrъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɔstrei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

го́стрий • (hóstryj) (comparative гострі́ший, superlative найгострі́ший, adverb го́стро, abstract noun гострота́ or го́стрість (rare))
* sharp
* acute
* keen
* (of food) spicy, hot
    Synonym: піка́нтний (pikántnyj)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “sharp, acute”): тупи́й (tupýj)

#### Derived terms

* гостре́нький (hostrénʹkyj)
* гостри́ти impf (hostrýty), погостри́ти pf (pohostrýty)
* гострі́шати impf (hostríšaty)
* гострота́ f (hostrotá)
* гострува́тий (hostruvátyj)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гострий”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “гострий”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# cehennem
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam).

### Noun

cehennem
* hell
    Synonym: ceennem

#### Declension
### References

* “cehennem”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish جهنم (cehennem), from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dʒe.hen.nem/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cehennem (definite accusative cehennemi, plural cehennemler)
* hell
    Synonym: tamu
    Antonym: cennet
* inferno

#### Related terms

* cehenneme çevirmek
* cehennemî
* cehennemleşmek
* cehennemlik

### Further reading

* “cehennem”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “cehennem”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# Kâbe
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish كعبه (ka'be), from Arabic اَلْكَعْبَة (al-kaʕba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /caːˈbe/
* Hyphenation: Kâ‧be

### Proper noun

Kâbe
* (Islam) Kaaba
    Kâbe, Mekke'de bulunmaktadır ve her ziyaretinde saat yönünün tersine yedi defa tavaf edilmek zorundadır.The Kaaba is located in Mecca and must be circumambulated seven times counterclockwise in each visit.
    Kâbe'deki siyah taş bir meteoritmiş ve İslâm'da Âdem'in yaptığı ilk mabet olan ilk Kâbe'nin yapıtaşı olarak kabul edilir.The black stone in the Kaaba is thought to be a meteorite and is accepted in Islam to be the foundation stone of the first Kaaba, being the first temple built by Adam.

#### Hypernyms

* cami

#### Derived terms

* Kâbe'ce
* Kâbe'ci
* Kâbe'cik
* Kâbe'yken
* Kâbe'yle
* Kâbe'yse
* Kâbeli
* Kâbesiz
# σφενδόνη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Often connected with σφεδανός (sphedanós), σφοδρός (sphodrós), σφαδάζω (sphadázō), and Sanskrit स्पन्दते (spandate, “to vibrate, tremble, quake”), as well as with Latin funda (“sling”), with formation structure similar to that of ἀγχόνη (ankhónē), βελόνη (belónē), and περόνη (perónē). The similarity with the Latin term suggests a Mediterranean, Anatolian, and/or Pre-Greek borrowing for both.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spʰen.dó.nɛː/ → /sɸenˈdo.ni/ → /sfenˈdo.ni/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /spʰen.dó.nɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /spʰenˈdo.ne̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /sɸenˈdo.ni/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /sfenˈdo.ni/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /sfenˈdo.ni/

### Noun

σφενδόνη • (sphendónē) f (genitive σφενδόνης); first declension
* a sling
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.600
** 680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, Collected Works 3
** 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1142
** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1185
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.32
** 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 55.19
** a sling as part of a crane used in unloading ships
*** Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum 241
*** A 46
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1010
* anything fundiform:
** (medicine) a sling:
*** for a disabled arm
**** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 16
*** a suspensory abdominal bandage
**** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Diseases of Women 2.144
**** 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Fasc. 48
** a headband worn by women, broad in front
*** Poll. 5.96
*** 1115 – 1195, Eustathius of Thessalonica, ad D.P. 7
** a bezel, a collet (the hoop of a ring in which the gemstone is set as in a sling; especially, the outer or broader part round the stone)
*** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 862
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 359e
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 207a.3
** a sclera (the white of an eye)
*** ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.70
* a slingstone (a stone, bullet, or other such missile or projectile thrown by a sling)
    Synonym: χερμᾰ́ς (khermắs)
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.4.4
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.2.14
** a hailstone
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1125

#### Derived terms

* βελοσφενδόνη (belosphendónē)
* κεστροσφενδόνη (kestrosphendónē)
* σφενδονάω (sphendonáō)
* σφενδονέω (sphendonéō)
* σφενδονηδόν (sphendonēdón)
* σφενδόνησις (sphendónēsis)
* σφενδονήτης (sphendonḗtēs)
* σφενδονητικός (sphendonētikós)
* σφενδονίζω (sphendonízō)
* σφενδονίστης (sphendonístēs)
* σφενδονοειδής (sphendonoeidḗs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: σφεντόνα (sfentóna)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σφενδόνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1430

### Further reading

* “σφενδόνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σφενδόνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* σφενδόνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# gembira
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay gembira, from Sanskrit गम्भीर (gambhīra, “deep”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəmˈbi.ra]
* Hyphenation: gêm‧bi‧ra

### Adjective

gêmbira
* happy, proud.

#### Synonyms

* (happy): bahagia, senang, suka
* (proud): bangga

#### Derived terms

* bergembira
* kegembiraan
* mempergembirakan
* menggembirakan
* penggembira

### Further reading

* “gembira” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit गम्भीर (gambhīra, “deep”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəmˈbi.rə]
* Hyphenation: gêm‧bi‧rê
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

gĕmbira (Jawi spelling ݢمبيرا, plural gembira-gembira, informal 1st possessive gembiraku, 2nd possessive gembiramu, 3rd possessive gembiranya)
* passion, excitement, anger

### Adjective

gĕmbira (Jawi spelling ݢمبيرا)
* happy, pleased, cheerful

### Descendants

* Indonesian: gembira
# kebun
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* keboen (pre-1947)
* kebon

### Etymology

From Malay kebun, from Classical Malay kebun, from Old Javanese kĕbon, kĕbwan (“garden, plantation”) (compare to Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kebon, “garden, plantation”)), affixed form of bwah, wwah (“fruit”) (compare Indonesian buah (“fruit”), hence reconstructed as buah +‎ ke- -an).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.bʊn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -bʊn, -ʊn, -n
* Hyphenation: kê‧bun

### Noun

kêbun (plural kebun-kebun)
* garden: an outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.
    Synonym: parak
* orchard: a garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.
* estate, plantation

#### Derived terms

* berkebun
* memperkebuni
* memperkebunkan
* mengebunkan
* pekebun
* perkebunan
* kebun akuarium
* kebun binatang
* kebun botani
* kebun organik
* kebun percobaan
* kebun raya
* kebun tunggal

### Further reading

* “kebun” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Old Javanese kĕbon, kĕbwan (“garden, plantation”) (compare to Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kebon, “garden, plantation”)), affixed form of bwah, wwah (“fruit”) (compare Indonesian buah (“fruit”), hence reconstructed as buah +‎ ke- -an).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /kəbon/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /kəbʊn/
* Rhymes: -bun, -un

### Noun

kĕbun (Jawi spelling کبون, plural kebun-kebun, informal 1st possessive kebunku, 2nd possessive kebunmu, 3rd possessive kebunnya)
* garden, plantation, orchard, piece of land

#### Derived terms

* berkebun

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kebun
* → Banjarese: kabun (hulu)
* → Minangkabau: kabun

### Further reading

* “kebun” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# formaat
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Format.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔrˈmaːt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: for‧maat
* Rhymes: -aːt

### Noun

formaat n (plural formaten, diminutive formaatje n)
* size
* stature, importance
* (file) format

#### Derived terms

* bestandsformaat
* papierformaat
* standaardformaat
* zakformaat

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: format
# wangedrocht
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* wangedrochte (obsolete)
* wangedrogt (obsolete)
* wangedrogte (obsolete)
* wanghedrochte (obsolete)

### Etymology

No later than the 17th century. From wan- +‎ gedrocht.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɑn.ɣəˌdrɔxt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: wan‧ge‧drocht

### Noun

wangedrocht n (plural wangedrochten, diminutive wangedrochtje n)
* monstrosity, monster, something or someone very ugly
    Synonyms: monster, gedrocht

#### Derived terms

* wangedrochtelijk
* wangedrochtig

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: wangedrog
# nista
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit निष्ठा (niṣṭhā, “catastrophe, distress, trouble”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɪs.ta]
* Hyphenation: nis‧ta

### Adjective

nista
* contemptible
    Synonyms: hina, rendah
* unpleasant
* (colloquial) disgraceful
    Synonyms: aib, cela, noda

#### Derived terms

* kenistaan
* menista
* menistakan
* nistaan
* penista
* penistaan
* ternista

### Further reading

* “nista” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

nista f
* definite singular of niste

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nìːsta/

### Verb

nísta
* negative second/third-person dual present of bíti
# peranti lunak
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peranti (“device”) +‎ lunak (“soft”). Calque of English software.

### Noun

peranti lunak (plural peranti-peranti lunak)
* (computing) software

#### Synonyms

* perangkat lunak
* perangkat digital

#### Derived terms

* peranti lunak kerja sama
* peranti lunak komunikasi

#### See also

* peranti keras
# tamak
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tamak, from Arabic طَمَع (ṭamaʕ, “greed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtamaʔ]
* Hyphenation: ta‧mak

### Adjective

tamak
* greedy
    Synonyms: loba, serakah

#### Affixed terms

* ketamakan

### Further reading

* “tamak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /taˈmak/ [t̪ɐˈmak̚]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: ta‧mak

### Adjective

tamák (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜋᜃ᜔)
* thoroughly soaked or drenched
    Synonyms: babad, tigmak, mamad
* already serious; aggravated
    Synonyms: malala, talamak, lala

### Anagrams

* katam, takam
# skyldpod
## West Frisian
### Alternative forms

* skylpod

### Etymology

From skyld +‎ podde, likely a calque of Dutch schildpad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskiltpot/

### Noun

skyldpod c (plural skyldpodden, diminutive skyldpodsje)
* turtle, tortoise

#### Derived terms

* lânskyldpod

#### Further reading

* “skylpod”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
# nilai
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay nilai, from Classical Malay nilai, from Tamil நிலை (nilai, “character, quality, nature”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnilai̯]
* Hyphenation: ni‧lai

### Noun

nilai (plural nilai-nilai)
* value, grade, mark
* score, grade, mark.
    Synonyms: biji, ponten
    Synonym: gred (Standard Malay)
* value, price
    Synonym: harga
* quality
    Synonyms: kadar, mutu
* worth

#### Derived terms

* penilaian (“valuation”)
* bernilai (“valuable, having a value of (quantity)”)
* menilai (“to rate”)
* penilai (“rater, valuer”)
* ternilai

#### Compounds

* nilai absolut
* nilai ambang batas
* nilai amenitas
* nilai apgar
* nilai batas lulus
* nilai biologis
* nilai biologis tinggi
* nilai budaya
* nilai ekonomi
* nilai ekspor
* nilai energi
* nilai etik
* nilai hayati
* nilai intrinsik
* nilai jual objek pajak
* nilai keagamaan
* nilai keindahan
* nilai kenikmatan
* nilai larik
* nilai likuidasi
* nilai moral
* nilai mutlak
* nilai nominal
* nilai panas
* nilai pari
* nilai pasar
* nilai pelepasan
* nilai perusahaan
* nilai pewarisan
* nilai protein relatif
* nilai residu
* nilai semantik
* nilai tambah
* nilai tengah
* nilai terakumulasi
* nilai tertaksir
* nilai tetap
* nilai tukar
* nilai tukar tersesuaikan

### Further reading

* “nilai” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ferino
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin ferīnus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /feˈri.no/
* Rhymes: -ino
* Hyphenation: fe‧rì‧no

### Adjective

ferino (feminine ferina, masculine plural ferini, feminine plural ferine)
* wild, feral

#### Derived terms

* ferinamente
* ferinità

### Further reading

* ferino in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* Noferi, infero

## Latin
### Adjective

ferīnō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of ferīnus

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ferīnus.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /feˈɾĩ.nu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /feˈɾĩ.nu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /feˈɾi.no/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɨˈɾi.nu/
* Hyphenation: fe‧ri‧no

### Adjective

ferino (feminine ferina, masculine plural ferinos, feminine plural ferinas)
* beastly (behaving like a beast; cruel or savage)
* scathing (harshly or bitterly critical)

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin ferīnus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /feˈɾino/ [feˈɾi.no]
* Rhymes: -ino
* Syllabification: fe‧ri‧no

### Adjective

ferino (feminine ferina, masculine plural ferinos, feminine plural ferinas)
* wild

#### Derived terms

* tos ferina
* tosferina

#### Related terms

* fiera

### Further reading

* “ferino”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tubthumping
## English
### Etymology

From tub +‎ thumping.

### Verb

tubthumping
* present participle and gerund of tubthump

### Noun

tubthumping (uncountable)
* Aggressive political or commercial promotion.
** 1914, Charles G. Harper, The Kentish Coast, page 344:[…] the general public, who imagine — poor fools — that all the fury and tubthumping at Westminster is honest emotion, […].
** 1939, Railway Age, vol. 107, Oct.-Dec.
    But there is usually more to Automobile Week than good-natured tubthumping for the new passenger car models.

### Adjective

tubthumping (comparative more tubthumping, superlative most tubthumping)
* Brash, self-promoting.
** 1994, Stephen Vaughn, Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics, page 199:"Our pictures avoid deliberate, tubthumping propaganda but they exude the spirit of democracy."

#### Related terms

* tubthumper

#### See also

* banging the drum for
* beating one's chest
* beating the drum for
* chest-beating
* chest-thumping
* pounding the table
* rabblerousing
* soapboxing
* stem-winder
* tooting one's own horn
# chování
## Czech
### Etymology

From chovat +‎ -ání.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxovaːɲiː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

chování n
* verbal noun of chovat
* behavior

#### Derived terms

* chování řeznického psa

#### Related terms

* chovat

### Further reading

* “chování”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “chování”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “chování”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# dobudowa
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from dobudować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔ.buˈdɔ.va/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔva
* Syllabification: do‧bu‧do‧wa

### Noun

dobudowa f
* building on (act of building an additional part of a building)
* (architecture) annex, outbuilding (building separate from but related to another building)
    Synonyms: aneks, dobudówka, przybudowa, przybudówka

#### Related terms

* dobudówka
* dobudować pf
* dobudowywać impf

### Further reading

* dobudowa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dobudowa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# visualisoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English visualize). Adapted with the verbal suffix +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋisuɑlisoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈʋis̠uˌɑ̝liˌs̠o̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: vi‧sua‧li‧soi‧da

### Verb

visualisoida
* To visualize.

#### Derived terms

* visualisoija
* visualisoiminen
* visualisointi

### Further reading

* “visualisoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
# dobudówka
## Polish
### Etymology

From dobudować +‎ -ówka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔ.buˈduf.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ufka
* Syllabification: do‧bu‧dów‧ka

### Noun

dobudówka f
* (architecture) annex, outbuilding (building separate from but related to another building)
    Synonyms: aneks, dobudowa, przybudowa, przybudówka

#### Related terms

* dobudowa
* dobudować pf
* dobudowywać impf

### Further reading

* dobudówka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dobudówka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# dubelt
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu.bɛlt/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈdu.bɛlt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ubɛlt
* Syllabification: du‧belt

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Doppelschnepfe and French double-bécassine.

#### Noun

dubelt m animal
* great snipe

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German dubbelt.

#### Noun

dubelt m inan
* (colloquial) doubling, duplication (process or an instance of making something double)
    Synonym: podwojenie

##### Declension
#### Adverb

dubelt (not comparable)
* (Kuyavia) very much; decidedly; entirely; definitely
* (Kuyavia) twice
    Synonym: dwakroć

##### Derived terms

* dubeltowy
* dubeltak
* dubeltówka

##### Related terms

* dubeltowo
* dubeltówczyna
* dubeltóweczka

### Further reading

* dubelt in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dubelt in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “dubelt”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 270
# pomník
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish pomnik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpomɲiːk]

### Noun

pomník m inan
* memorial
* monument

#### Related terms

* památník m

#### Descendants

* → Slovak: pomník
* → Upper Sorbian: pomnik
** → Lower Sorbian: pomnik

### Further reading

* “pomník”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pomník”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pomník”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)