# rosin
## English
### Alternative forms

* rosil, rozin (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. See resin.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹɒz.ən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɹɑz.ən/
* (dialectal) IPA: /ˈɹɑz.əm/, /ˈɹɔz.əm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

rosin (countable and uncountable, plural rosins)
* (organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.
** 1998, Neville H. Fletcher, Thomas Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd edition, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 284:The action of the bow therefore depends almost entirely upon the application of rosin and upon its frictional properties. Violin rosin is a natural gum obtained from conifers such as larch that produce turpentine.
* Resin.
** 1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC:‘It is delicate,’ said Pansa, ‘but there is perhaps the least particle too much of rosin in its flavor.’
** 1883, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 16, in Life on the Mississippi, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, →OCLC:From three o'clock onward they would be burning rosin and pitch pine (the sign of preparation), and so one had the picturesque spectacle of a rank, some two or three miles long, of tall, ascending columns of coal-black smoke; […]
** 1894 [1892], Arthur Conan Doyle, “Lot No. 249”, in Round the Red Lamp […] :A thick, fat smoke oozed out from the fire, and a heavy smell of burned rosin and singed hair filled the air.

#### Synonyms

* colophony
* Greek pitch

#### Derived terms

* rosin oil
* rosin paper
* rosiny

#### Translations
### Verb

rosin (third-person singular simple present rosins, present participle rosining, simple past and past participle rosined)
* (transitive) To apply rosin to (something); to rub or cover with rosin.
    We waited expectantly as the guest violinist rosined his bow in preparation for playing.
** 1979, “The Devil Went Down to Georgia”, in Charlie Daniels, Tom Crain, "Taz" DiGregorio, Fred Edwards, Charles Hayward, James W. Marshall (lyrics), Million Mile Reflections, performed by Charlie Daniels Band:The devil opened up his case and he said, "I'll start this show." And fire flew from his fingertips as he rosined up his bow.

### References

* ↑ Hall, Joseph Sargent (1942 March 2) “3. The Consonants”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 8, page 99.
* ↑ Stanley, Oma (1937) “III. The Consonants”, in The Speech of East Texas (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 2), New York: Columbia University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 11, page 74.

### Anagrams

* Niros, Orins, irons, siron, Irons, noris, Sinor, noirs, ornis, RINOs, Rinos, roins, inros, Rison

## Danish
### Etymology

From Middle Low German rosin, rosine, from Old French rosin, from Latin racemus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rosin/, [ʁoˈsiˀn]
* Rhymes: -in

### Noun

rosin c (singular definite rosinen, plural indefinite rosiner)
* raisin

#### Declension
## Estonian
### Etymology

From either Middle Low German rosîn(e) or German Rosine, from Old French raisin (whence also French raisin and English raisin), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. First attested in the 17th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrosin/, [ˈrosʲin]
* Rhymes: -osin
* Hyphenation: ro‧sin

### Noun

rosin (genitive rosina, partitive rosinat)
* raisin (dried grape)

#### Compounds

* rosinakeeks
* rosinakohuke
* rosinakukkel
* rosinapuding
* rosinasai

### References

* rosin in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “rosin”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* Jüri Viikberg (2016) “rosin”, in [ASL] Alamsaksa laensõnad eesti keeles [Low German Loanwords in the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online dictionary)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin racemus, via French raisin.

### Noun

rosin f or m (definite singular rosina or rosinen, indefinite plural rosiner, definite plural rosinene)
* raisin

### References

* “rosin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin racemus, via French raisin.

### Noun

rosin f (definite singular rosina, indefinite plural rosiner, definite plural rosinene)
* raisin

### References

* “rosin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Volapük
### Noun

rosin (nominative plural rosins)
* raisin

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only