# 剎

| 剎 | U+524E, &#21070; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524E |
| ← 前 [U+524D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剏 → [U+524F] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 刹 |
| Simplified | 刹 |
| Traditional | 剎 |

### Han character

剎 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 大金中弓 (KCLN) or 大木中弓 (KDLN), four-corner 4290$_0$, composition ⿰⿱㐅术刂(G) or ⿰⿱㐅朮刂(HT) or ⿰𣏂刂)

#### Derived characters

* 䓭, 𠝨, 𤟆 (Only for Taiwan character forms as mainland China character forms contain 刹 instead)

#### Related characters

* 刹 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese kanji)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 140, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2012
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 342, character 5
* Unihan data for U+524E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 剎
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰraːd) : phonetic 殺 (OC *sreːds, *sreːd) + semantic 刂.

### Etymology 1

Transcription of the kṣV (क्ष) sequence in various Sanskrit words, probably via Khotanese or Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮 (kṣ /⁠*tʂ(ə), *ʈʂ(ə)⁠/) (Bailey, 1946), including:
* Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land; place of pilgrimage”) (剎多羅)
* Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa, “instant (in time)”) (剎那)
* Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣema, “residence”) (剎摩)
* Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior caste; kshatriya”) (剎怛利耶, 剎帝利, 剎利)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chà (cha$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sa$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saat$^3$ / caat$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chák
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sah$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sat
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tshaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chà
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chà
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^4$
*** Yale: chà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sa$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sa
*** Sinological IPA : /sa²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saat$^3$ / caat$^3$
*** Yale: saat / chaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saat$^8$ / tsaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sad$^3$ / cad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chák
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬaʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
*** Tâi-lô: sat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sat̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tshaq
*** MiniDict: tshah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tshaq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit剎 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂa⁵³/ ～那 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | |
| Mandarin | Jinan | |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | |
| Mandarin | Xining | |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | |
| Mandarin | Kunming | |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/ 寶～ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | |
| Wu | Shanghai | |
| Wu | Suzhou | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | |
| Wu | Wenzhou | |
| Hui | Shexian | |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
| Cantonese | Nanning | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰat̚³/ /sat̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | |
* Middle Chinese: tsrhaet
Rime :
| Character | 剎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 黠 (71) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 初鎋切 |
| Baxter | tsrhaet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠat̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚat̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰat̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰat̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰăt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11015 |
| Phonetic component | 杀 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刹 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraːd/ |
| Notes | 梵譯字 |

#### Definitions

剎
* Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó).
** (Buddhism) land; world; place; area
** (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda
    古剎／古刹 ― gǔchà ― old Buddhist temple
* Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà).
** (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence
** (by extension) brief moment; short moment
    From: 陳慧嫻 (lyricist 簡寧), 人生何處不相逢 (rénshēng héchù bù xiāngféng)
    nei$^5$ ngo$^5$ zoi$^6$ wui$^4$ mong$^6$ naa$^5$ jat$^1$ saat$^3$, bei$^2$ ci$^2$ wai$^3$ man$^6$ ging$^2$ fong$^3$ [Jyutping]
    The moment we both turned back Exchanged glances and checked up on each other
    From: 李克勤 (lyricist 陳少琪), 飛花
    waai$^4$ nim$^6$ naa$^5$ jat$^1$ saat$^3$, jiu$^6$ ngaan$^5$ dik$^1$ fo$^2$ faa$^1$ [Jyutping]
    Missing that instant The dazzling spark

##### See also

* (brief moment): 刻 (kè)

#### Compounds

* 一剎那 / 一刹那 (yīchànà)
* 上剎 / 上刹
* 佛剎 / 佛刹 (fóchà)
* 剎帝利 / 刹帝利 (chàdìlì)
* 剎摩 / 刹摩
* 剎時 / 刹时
* 剎柱 / 刹柱
* 剎海 / 刹海
* 剎那 / 刹那
* 古剎 / 古刹 (gǔchà)
* 塵剎 / 尘刹
* 寶剎 / 宝刹 (bǎochà)
* 巴剎 / 巴刹
* 梵剎 / 梵刹
* 羅剎 / 罗刹 (luóchà)
* 羅剎國 / 罗刹国
* 羅剎女 / 罗刹女
* 金剎 / 金刹

### Etymology 2

From 煞 (shā), in turn from 殺／杀 (shā).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shā (sha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saat$^3$ / caat$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): sah$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sák
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sah$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sat
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$saq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sha
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$
*** Yale: shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
*** Palladius: ша (ša)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saat$^3$ / caat$^3$
*** Yale: saat / chaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saat$^8$ / tsaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sad$^3$ / cad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: sah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /saʔ²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sák
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬaʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
*** Tâi-lô: sat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sat̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$saq
*** MiniDict: sah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$saq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /saʔ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit剎 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂa⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /sa⁴⁴/ ～車 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /sɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂa⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂa²⁴/ ～車 |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /sa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /sa⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʂa³¹/ /ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /sa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /sa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sa³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂa̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂɑʔ⁵/ ～車 |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /saʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /sʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /saʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /saʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /saʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sa²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /saʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /sɔ⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰɒ⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /saʔ⁵/ ～車 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sat̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sat̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sat̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰat̚³/ /sat̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sat̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /suɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sap̚²/ /sap̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sa⁵⁵/ |

#### Definitions

剎
* to brake (a car); to stop a car
    剎車／刹车 ― shāchē ― to brake a car

#### Compounds

* 剎車 / 刹车 (shāchē)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さつ (satsu)、せち (sechi)
* Kun: はたばしら (hatabashira)、てら (tera, 剎)、くに (kuni)

## Korean
### Hanja

剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

剎: Hán Nôm readings: sát
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.