# pendeo
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pendēō, from earlier *pendējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to stretch, pull, draw”). Related to pendō, pondus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpen.de.oː/, [ˈpɛn̪d̪eoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpen.de.o/, [ˈpɛn̪d̪eo]

### Verb

pendeō (present infinitive pendēre, perfect active pependī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem (intransitive)
* to hang (down), to be suspended; hover, overhang, float
    Synonym: haereō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.88-89:[...] pendent opera interrupta, minaeque mūrōrum ingentēs aequātaque māchina caelō.[...] Works are interrupted — [pieces] hang [in mid-air] — [for] the massive battlements of walls and machines level with the sky. (Cranes, hoists, and scaffolds sit idle — construction of Carthage halts — because the queen has become so distracted: The work is both literally and figuratively “suspended.”)
* to hang about, loiter, tarry, linger
* to be put in public, exposed for sale
    Synonym: liceō
* to hang down; to be weak or without strength; sag, droop
* to weigh
* to have weight or value
* to rest or depend upon
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.680:pendet ab officiō spēs mihi magna tuō.A great hope of mine hangs on what you can do for me. (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)
* to hang upon a person's words; listen attentively to
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.79:[...] pendetque iterum nārrantis ab ōre.[...] and once again [Dido] hangs on [Aeneas’s] lips [with every] retelling [of his story].
* to be suspended, interrupted or discontinued
* to be ready to fall, hang suspended
* to be uncertain, perplexed or in suspense, waver
    Synonyms: errō, dubitō, fluitō, vagor
    Antonym: cōnstō

#### Derived terms

* circumpendeō
* dēpendeō
* impendeō
* pendēns
* pendulus
* praependeō
* prōpendeō

#### Related terms

* pendō

#### Descendants

* Dalmatian: piandar
* Friulian: pendâ
* Galician: pender
* Italian: pendere
* Old French: pendre, pandre, penre
** Middle French: pendre
*** → English: pend
*** French: pendre
* Portuguese: pender
* Romansch: pender
* Sardinian: pendhere, pendiri, pennere
* Sicilian: pènniri
* Spanish: pender
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pendicāre
** Catalan: penjar
** Galician: pingar
** Occitan: penjar
** Portuguese: pingar
** Spanish: pingar

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pendō, -ere (> Derivatives > (2) pendēre)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 457

### Further reading

* “pendeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pendeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* pendeo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* pendeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent (ambiguous) to pay taxes: vectigalia, tributa pendere (ambiguous) to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei)
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 988