# 腫

| 腫 | U+816B, &#33131; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-816B |
| ← 腪 [U+816A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腬 → [U+816C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月竹十土 (BHJG), four-corner 7221$_4$, composition ⿰月重)

#### Derived characters

* 𬉎, 𫇁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29697
* Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2096, character 15
* Unihan data for U+816B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 腫 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǒng (zhong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chúng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̄ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chióng / chéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tson
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǒng
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^3$
*** Yale: jǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
*** Palladius: чжун (čžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^2$
*** Yale: júng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̄ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
*** Tâi-lô: tsióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
*** Tâi-lô: tsíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡seŋ⁴²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
* chióng - literary;
* chéng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyowngX
Rime :
| Character | 腫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之隴切 |
| Baxter | tsyowngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*toŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjoŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 腫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyowng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*toŋʔ/ |
| English | swell, swollen; tumor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17472 |
| Phonetic component | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腫 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjoŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

腫
* to be swollen; to swell

### Compounds

* 五䫲六腫 / 五𲋃六肿
* 卵巢囊腫 / 卵巢囊肿 (luǎncháo nángzhǒng)
* 惡性腫瘤 / 恶性肿瘤 (èxìng zhǒngliú)
* 打腫臉龐 / 打肿脸庞
* 擁腫 / 拥肿
* 水腫 / 水肿 (shuǐzhǒng)
* 消腫 / 消肿 (xiāozhǒng)
* 浮腫 / 浮肿 (fúzhǒng)
* 無名腫毒 / 无名肿毒
* 甲狀腺腫 / 甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
* 癰腫 / 痈肿
* 紅腫 / 红肿 (hóngzhǒng)
* 肝腫大 / 肝肿大
* 肺囊腫 / 肺囊肿
* 肺氣腫 / 肺气肿 (fèiqìzhǒng)
* 脾腫 / 脾肿
* 腫噲 / 肿哙
* 腫塊 / 肿块 (zhǒngkuài)
* 腫大 / 肿大 (zhǒngdà)
* 腫瘍 / 肿疡 (zhǒngyáng)
* 腫瘤 / 肿瘤 (zhǒngliú)
* 腫脹 / 肿胀 (zhǒngzhàng)
* 腦腫瘤 / 脑肿瘤
* 腫餃 / 肿饺
* 腫骨鹿 / 肿骨鹿
* 臃腫 / 臃肿 (yōngzhǒng)
* 膿腫 / 脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
* 良性腫瘤 / 良性肿瘤 (liángxìng zhǒngliú)
* 血腫 / 血肿 (xuèzhǒng)
* 關節腫大 / 关节肿大
* 䫲腫 / 𲋃肿
* 骨腫瘤 / 骨肿瘤
* 麥粒腫 / 麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
* 鼻青臉腫 / 鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* tumor, growth; swelling

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: はれる (hareru, 腫れる, Jōyō)、はらす (harasu, 腫らす, Jōyō)、はれもの (haremono, 腫)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 腫
* しゅ Grade: S
* on'yomi

### Noun

腫(しゅ) • (shu)
* tumor, growth

### Suffix

腫(しゅ) • (-shu)
* tumor
* type of cancer

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腫 (MC tsyowngX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng) | 죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 브을 (Yale: pùùl) | 죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong))
* hanja form of 종 (“tumour”)

#### Compounds

* 결핵종 (結核腫, gyeolhaekjong)
* 근종 (筋腫, geunjong)
* 암종 (癌腫, amjong)
* 육아종 (肉芽腫, yugajong)
* 종기 (腫氣, jonggi)
* 종양 (腫瘍, jong'yang)
* 흑색종 (黑色腫, heuksaekjong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腫: Hán Nôm readings: thũng, sũng, thõng, thủng, thuỗn, sõng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.