# 柄

| 柄 | U+67C4, &#26564; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67C4 |
| ← 柃 [U+67C3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 柅 → [U+67C5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一人月 (DMOB), four-corner 4192$_7$, composition ⿰木丙)

#### Derived characters

* 𫪲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14603
* Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 2
* Unihan data for U+67C4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 柄
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 更 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs |
| 粳 | *kraːŋ |
| 埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
| 浭 | *kraːŋ |
| 稉 | *kraːŋ |
| 梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 硬 | *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 丙 | *pqraŋʔ |
| 炳 | *praŋʔ |
| 邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 苪 | *praŋʔ |
| 蛃 | *praŋʔ |
| 昺 | *praŋʔ |
| 昞 | *praŋʔ |
| 窉 | *praŋʔ |
| 柄 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 鈵 | *praŋs |
| 寎 | *praŋs |
| 病 | *braŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – a wooden handle.

### Etymology
#### "pattern; texture"

    Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柄(がら) (gara).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐng, bìng (bing$^3$, bing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˇ, ㄅㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): beng$^3$ / bing$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pìⁿ / pèⁿ / pèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bên$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^3$
*** Yale: bǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biing
*** Palladius: бин (bin)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^4$
*** Yale: bìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
*** Palladius: бин (bin)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: beng$^3$ / bing$^3$
*** Yale: beng / bing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: beng$^3$ / bing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béng$^3$ / bing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛːŋ³³/, /pɪŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pìⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: pìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pĩ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pĩ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pĩ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: pènn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèng
*** Tâi-lô: pìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pexng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ²¹/
* pìⁿ/pèⁿ - vernacular;
* pèng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: pjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 柄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陂病切 |
| Baxter | pjaengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /piajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p]raŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praŋʔ/, /*praŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 柄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[p]raŋʔ-s/ |
| English | handle (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柄 | 柄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 892 | 893 |
| Phonetic component | 丙 | 丙 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 丙 | 柄 |
| Old Chinese | /*praŋʔ/ | /*praŋs/ |

### Definitions

柄
* handle (of an axe, implement, etc.)
    手柄 ― shǒubǐng ― handle
    椅柄 [Cantonese] ― ji$^1$ beng$^3$ [Jyutping] ― seat handle
* stem (of a flower, leaf, fruit, etc.)
* (literary, or in compounds) mistake which can be used against someone
* (literary, or in compounds) power; authority
* (literary, or in compounds) to wield; to be in control of
* (Cantonese, transitive) Alternative form of 偋 (bìng, “to hide”)
* (dialectal) Classifier for something with a handle.
* (Internet, fandom slang) pattern; texture (of 谷子 (gǔzi, “goods”))
    收X柄吧唧。 ― Shōu X bǐng bājī. ― to collect badges with texture of a certain character

#### Synonyms

* (handle): 把 (bà)
* (power):
* 手欛子 (shou$^3$ ba$^4$ zr) (Xiang)
* 權利 / 权利 (quánlì)
* 權力 / 权力 (quánlì)
* 權柄 / 权柄 (quánbǐng)
* 權限 / 权限 (quánxiàn)
* 職權 / 职权 (zhíquán)
* (to wield):
* nan-qua+nan-xia:節撙 / nan-qua+nan-xia:节撙
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕 / 驾 (jià)
* 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
* (pattern; texture): 柄圖／柄图 (bǐngtú)

#### Compounds

* 六柄
* 兵柄
* 刀柄 (dāobǐng)
* 劍柄 / 剑柄
* 國柄 / 国柄
* 執柄 / 执柄
* 大柄
* 太阿之柄
* 孢囊柄
* 尺土之柄
* 巴柄
* 把柄 (bǎbǐng)
* 授人以柄 (shòu rén yǐ bǐng)
* 政柄 (zhèngbǐng)
* 文柄
* 斗柄
* 曲柄笠
* 朝柄
* 柄任
* 柄子
* 柄政 (bǐngzhèng)
* 柄用
* 柄臣
* 機柄 / 机柄
* 權柄 / 权柄 (quánbǐng)
* 殺生之柄 / 杀生之柄
* 沒把柄 / 没把柄
* 沒頭脫柄 / 没头脱柄
* 百年之柄
* 笑柄 (xiàobǐng)
* 箭柄魚 / 箭柄鱼
* 胚柄
* 胸骨柄 (xiōnggǔbǐng)
* 花柄 (huābǐng)
* 菌柄 (jūnbǐng)
* 落人笑柄
* 葉柄 / 叶柄 (yèbǐng)
* 蒴柄
* 話柄 / 话柄
* 談柄 / 谈柄
* 貪權竊柄 / 贪权窃柄
* 魁柄

### References

* “柄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* a handle, lever, knob
* a design or pattern
* one's build or character

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひょう (hyō)
* Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
* Kun: え (e, 柄, Jōyō)、かび (kabi, 柄)、かい (kai, 柄)、から (kara, 柄)、がら (gara, 柄, Jōyō)、つか (tsuka, 柄)、つく (tsuku, 柄)
* Nanori: から (kara)、ら (ra)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* え Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Change in meaning from 枝 (e, historically ye, “branch, stem”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) え [è] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [e̞]

#### Noun

柄(え) • (e)
* a handle, a grip, a shaft, a haft
    Synonyms: 取っ手 (totte), 取手 (totte), 把手 (totte)
    大(おお)鎌(がま)の柄(え)
       ōgama no e
       a snath, a scythe shaft

##### Idioms

* 柄(え)の無(な)い所(ところ)に柄(え)をすげる (e no nai tokoro ni e o sugeru): “to attach a handle where there isn't one” → to strain credibility with one's words, to talk out one's ass

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* かび Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 穎
From Old Japanese. Used in the Kojiki. Generally regarded as cognate with 黴 (kabi, “mold”), from the shared idea of sprouts or shoots. Appears to be noun stem of Old Japanese verb かぶ (kabu) (source of modern Japanese 黴る, kabiru, “to go moldy”), with probable original meaning of to sprout.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠bʲi]

#### Noun

柄(かび) • (kabi)
* (archaic) a sprout
    Synonym: 芽 (me)
* (archaic) an ear of grain, particularly of rice
    Synonyms: 穂 (ho), 穂先 (hosaki)
* (archaic) the handle or grip of a tool, or hilt of a blade (by extension from the idea of “a smaller portion sticking out from the main body” like a sprout)
    Synonym: 柄 (tsuka) (see below)

##### Usage notes

The grain sense is more commonly spelled 穎.

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* かい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 穎
/kabi/ → /kai/
Alteration of kabi.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

#### Noun

柄(かい) • (kai)
* (archaic) see kabi above

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* から Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kara. Origin of particle から (kara, “from, because”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Suffix

柄(から) • (-kara)
* of the same lineage
* the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing

##### Usage notes

The lineage sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the first few of the following.

##### Derived terms

* (lineage): 同胞(はらから) (harakara): “of the (same) belly” → a sibling, more specifically a sibling from the same mother
* (lineage): 族(やから) (yakara): “of the (same) house” → a family member
* (lineage): 親族(うから) (ukara): “of the (same) parents/ancestors” → a blood relative
* (qualities): 神柄(かみから) (kamikara), 神柄(かむから) (kamukara): the true nature of a god
* (qualities): 山柄(やまから) (yamakara): the nature or characteristics of a mountain

#### Noun

柄(から) • (kara)
* (archaic) (by extension from the qualities sense) an origin or source, a reason for something

##### Usage notes

Often followed by the particle に (ni). This usage evolved into the modern particle から (kara, “from, because”).

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* から Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 幹
In light of the stem sense, probably derived semantically from origin, source meanings.
Compare also Korean 가락 (garak), similarly used as a counter for long and slender objects.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Counter

柄(から) • (-kara)
* used to count items with shafts

#### Noun

柄(から) • (kara)
* the trunk or stem of a plant
* the shaft of an arrow
* the shaft, haft, or handle of a tool

#### Prefix

柄(から) • (kara-)
* describes something with a stem, shaft, or handle

##### Usage notes

The shaft sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the following, which are often spelled with other kanji.

##### Derived terms

* 柄臼(からうす), 唐臼(からうす), 碓(からうす) (karausu): a kind of mortar and pestle with the pestle mounted on a long shaft for leverage
* 柄(から)秤(はかり), 唐(から)秤(はかり), 権(から)衡(はかり) (karahakari): a balance scale (as opposed to a spring scale)
* 柄(から)秤(ばかり), 唐(から)秤(ばかり), 権(から)衡(ばかり) (karabakari): same as above
* 柄楫(からかじ), 唐楫(からかじ) (karakaji): a tiller with a shafted handle
* 柄鋤(からすき), 唐鋤(からすき), 犂(からすき) (karasuki): a plow (literally, “a spade on a long shaft”)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* がら Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Alteration of kara, “qualities, characteristics”. Originally only found as a suffix. The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The rendaku pronunciation was then later used independently.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がら [gàrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡa̠ɾa̠]

#### Suffix

柄(がら) • (-gara)
* the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
* a shape, pattern, or design

##### Derived terms

* (qualities): 国(くに)柄(がら) (kunigara): a nation's (good) qualities; the state of a nation
* (qualities): 人(ひと)柄(がら) (hitogara): a person's character
* (qualities): 家(いえ)柄(がら) (iegara): a family's or household's station or standing in society
* (qualities): 続(つづき)柄(がら), 続(つづ)き柄(がら) (tsuzukigara): one's immediate relations, such as parents or siblings
* (qualities): 場(ば)所(しょ)柄(がら) (bashogara): the qualities of a place; that which is appropriate or suitable for a place
* (qualities): 時(じ)節(せつ)柄(がら) (jisetsugara): the qualities of a time or season; that which is appropriate or suitable for a time or season
* (shape): 花(はな)柄(がら) (hanagara): a flower pattern

#### Noun

柄(がら) • (gara)
* one's physical shape or build
    Synonyms: 体付き (karadatsuki), 体付 (karadatsuki), なり (nari)
    柄(がら)の大(おお)きいやつだな。
       Gara no ōkii yatsu da na.
       Wow, he's sure built big.
* one's character, personality, or temperament
    柄(がら)の悪(わる)い人(ひと)
       gara no warui hito
       a person with a bad character
* a pattern or design, such as on cloth
    Synonym: 模様 (moyō)
    あの柄(がら)は派手過(はです)ぎるよ。
       Ano gara wa hade-sugiru yo.
       That pattern is way too colorful.

##### Idioms

* 柄(がら)にもない (gara ni mo nai): “not even in one's character” → just not in one, just not suitable for one's character or abilities

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* つか Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 欛
Cognate with 束 (tsuka, ancient unit of length, equivalent to the amount covered from pinky to forefinger when gripping something; analogous to English hand).
Both likely derive from verb 付く (tsuku, “to set to, to attach, to accompany”), particularly as seen in modern Japanese idioms such as 手を付ける (te o tsukeru, “to set one's hand to something”), 手が付く (te ga tsuku, “to start using something”, literally “one's hand sets on something”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つか [tsùkáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨka̠]

#### Noun

柄(つか) • (tsuka)
* the hilt of a sword or knife, or the grip of a bow or staff
* the portion of a brush pen held in the hand
* a penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎

##### Idioms

* 柄(つか)を握(にぎ)る (tsuka o nigiru): “to hold the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master
* 柄(つか)を取(と)る (tsuka o toru): “to take the grip” → to stay the course in a career or trade and become an old master

### Etymology 8

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* つく Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 銑 釻
Nominalization of verb 付く (tsuku, “to attach”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sɨkɯ̟]

#### Noun

柄(つく) • (tsuku)
* the nock on either end of a bow where the bowstring rests
* a bent nail or other kind of spike attached to or driven through an iron staff or a truncheon to make the weapon more dangerous
* the areas on either end of a yoke or other carrying pole where cordage or rope is attached, from which the load is carried
* the grip of a tiller, boathook, or other pole
* (as a pun on the verb sense of stick to, attach) a female entertainer's or prostitute's secret lover
    Synonyms: 隠し男 (kakushi otoko), 隠男 (kakushi otoko)

##### Usage notes

The grip sense is not spelled using the alternative forms, and is only spelled 柄 in kanji.

### Etymology 9

* Kanji in this term
* 柄
* ほぞ Grade: S
* irregular
* Alternative spellings
* 枘 臍 蔕
Ateji or misspelling for uncommon 表外字 (hyōgaiji, “off-the-chart character”, in reference to the chart of official educational kanji) character 枘 (hozo, “navel”, also generic term for something that protrudes slightly). Note that the right half of 柄 is 丙, with a top bar, while the right half of 枘 is 内, without a top bar.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほぞ [hóꜜzò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) ほぞ [hóꜜzò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ho̞zo̞]

#### Noun

柄(ほぞ) • (hozo)
* a tenon, as in a mortise and tenon carpentry join
* (slang) a penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

柄 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柄: Hán Nôm readings: bính
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.