# tantus
## Latin
### Etymology

From tam (“so”) +‎ -tus (adjectival/adverbial ending); compare quantus, intus, subtus.
One alternate etymology supposes direct continuation from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-n̥t-os.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtan.tus/, [ˈt̪än̪t̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈtan.tus/, [ˈt̪än̪t̪us]

### Adjective

tantus (feminine tanta, neuter tantum); first/second-declension adjective
* of such size, of such measure
* so much, so great, such, so many
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.33:Tantae mōlis erat Rōmānam condere gentem.Of such great effort was it to found the Roman people. or, It was so great a burden to found the Roman race. (The gods conspire and humans suffer to found what will become an empire; i.e., so great the effort, so great the achievement.)

#### Usage notes

* Being naturally an adjective, tantus was then used substantively as tantum (frequently with genitive) to mean "so much of", "so many of"; as tantī (pretiī) to mean "so high (a price)" [called the genitive of indefinite value]; adverbially as tantum to mean "so much", "to such degree" (cf. tam); as tantō to mean "by so much". For all these quantus has its coordinate functions.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* prō tantō
* tantopere
* tantulus
* tantum
* tantus ... quantus (“as much ... as”)
* tantusdem

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

#### Descendants

* Aragonese: tanto
* Asturian: tantu, tanto
* Catalan: tant
* Corsican: tantu
* Emilian: tant
* Extremaduran: tantu
* Old French: tant
** French: tant
* Franco-Provençal: tant
* Friulian: tant
* English: tanto, tantamount
* Galician: tanto
* Interlingua: tanto
* Italian: tanto
* Ligurian: tànto
* Lombard: tant
* Megleno-Romanian: tăntu
* Navarro-Aragonese: tant
* Occitan: tant
* Piedmontese: tante, tant
* Old Galician-Portuguese: tanto
** Portuguese: tanto
* Romagnol: tant
* Sicilian: tantu
* Old Spanish: tanto
** Spanish: tanto
* Venetan: tanto
* Walloon: tant

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tam”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 606
* “tantus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “tantus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* tantus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate he had such an extraordinary memory that..: memoria tanta fuit, ut (ambiguous) this much is certain: hoc (not tantum) certum est (ambiguous) to take only enough food to support life: tantum cibi et potionis adhibere quantum satis est (ambiguous) I will only say this much..: tantum or unum illud or hoc dico