# どこ
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 何処 何所
⟨iduku⟩ → /id͡zuku/ → /id͡zuko/ → /idoko/ → /doko/
Shift from earlier いどこ (idoko) and いずこ (izuko), ultimately from Old Japanese-derived いずく (izuku) of the same meaning; by analogy of pronouns ここ (koko) and そこ (soko) having two morae in length, therefore the drop of the initial i-.
Compare the shift of いずち (izuchi) → どちら (dochira).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) どこ [dóꜜkò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [do̞ko̞]

#### Pronoun

どこ • (doko)
* indefinite interrogative pronoun:
** points to unknown or unspecified locations: where..., which [noun]...
    新(しん)宿(じゅく)駅(えき)はどこですか。 ― Shinjuku-eki wa doko desu ka. ― Where is Shinjuku Station?
    アメリカの首(しゅ)都(と)はどこですか。 ― Amerika no shuto wa doko desu ka. ― Which city is the capital of the United States?
    どこが痛(いた)いですか。 ― doko ga itai desu ka. ― Which part of your body aches?
** points to objects belonging to an uncertain group: which [collective noun]...
    今(こん)夜(や)はどことどこが戦(たたか)いますか。 ― Kon'ya wa doko to doko ga tatakaimasu ka. ― Which team plays which tonight?
* (added before a particle) indefinite demonstrative pronoun: anywhere, everywhere, somewhere

##### Usage notes

* This term is often spelled in hiragana.

##### Derived terms

* どこどこ (dokodoko)
* どこいら (dokoira)
* どこか (doko ka)
* どこぞ (doko zo)
* どこそこ (dokosoko)
* どことなく (doko to naku)
* どこともなし (doko tomo nashi)
* どこともなく (doko tomo naku)
* どこまでも (doko made mo)
* どこも (doko mo)
* どこもと (dokomoto)
* どこへ (doko e)
* どこ方(ほう)量(りょう)もない (doko hōryō mo nai)
* どこやら (dokoyara)
* どこら (dokora)

##### Idioms

* どこで暮(く)らすも一(いっ)生(しょう) (doko de kurasu mo isshō)
* どこの牛(うし)の骨(ほね) (doko no ushi no hone)
* どこの馬(うま)の骨(ほね) (doko no uma no hone)
* どこ吹(ふ)く風(かぜ) (doko fuku kaze)

##### Proverbs

* どこを押(お)せばそんな音(おと)が出(で)る (doko o oseba sonna oto ga deru)

##### See also

| | ko- “this” (close to speaker) | so- “that” (close to listener) | a- “that over there” (far from both) | do- “which” (indeterminate, question) |
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| Object | これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| Determiner | これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| Kind | こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| Place | こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) |
| Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| Direction / Human | こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) |
| Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu)$^†$ | そいつ (soitsu)$^†$ | あいつ (aitsu)$^†$ | どいつ (doitsu)$^†$ |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
| Degree | これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) |
| Degree | これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) † potentially rude or derogatory |||||

#### Adverb

どこ • (doko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2

* Alternative spelling
* 所
First cited to a 洒落本 (sharebon) text in 1790.
The suffix senses are derived from the rendaku (連濁) form of とこ (-toko), a colloquial stem indicating a circumstance, moment, place, point, and many others.

#### Particle

どこ • (doko)
* (informal, with a usually negative sentence) Short for どころ (dokoro): indicates rejection to an out of the question word or phrase: the extent of, the place of, the time of

##### Derived terms

* どこか (doko ka)

#### Suffix

どこ • (-doko)
* (attached to nouns, stem forms of verbs, or stems of adjectives) expresses equivalence, worth, etc.: befitting..., deserving..., worthy of...
* (after a personal pronoun) one's family, home, or household

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of どこ – see the following entries: 土戸, 土鼓, 奴袴
(The following entries are uncreated: 土戸, 土鼓, 奴袴.)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN