# 南蛮
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 南蛮 – see 南蠻 (“the "Southern Barbarians", a catch-all term for the Yue and other peoples living south of the Chinese cultural sphere in Antiquity”). (This term is the simplified form of 南蠻).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 蛮 |
| なん Grade: 2 | ばん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 南蠻 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese compound 南蠻 (nom mæn, “southern barbarian”). Compare modern Mandarin 南蠻／南蛮 (Nánmán).
In Japan, this originally referred to the inhabitants of Southeast Asia, particularly the islands of modern-day Philippines and Indonesia. When the Portuguese and Spanish first made contact in Japan, they came from their colonies in Southeast Asia, and were consequently given the same label of nanban. This usage was initially distinct from the separate label 紅毛 (kōmō, “red hair”) used for the Dutch. Over time, this distinction became less important, and the term nanban was used to refer to westerners in general. See also 蛮人(ばんじん) (banjin), 蕃人(ばんじん) (banjin), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng), Hokkien 番仔 (hoan-á), Mandarin 番子 (fānzi), Mandarin 蠻人 / 蛮人 (mánrén), Mandarin 蠻子 / 蛮子 (mánzi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんばん [nàńbáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠mbã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

南(なん)蛮(ばん) • (nanban)
* (derogatory, archaic) a foreigner from Portugal or Spain; more broadly, a westerner in general
* (in Japan from the mid-1400s) the inhabitants of Southeast Asia, particularly the islands of Luzon and Java in the modern-day Philippines and Indonesia
* (in ancient China) the non-Chinese ethnic groups to China's south
* (in the ancient Baekje kingdom of the Korean peninsula) the island of Jeju to the south
* a type of movement in kabuki, bunraku, and Japanese dance where the performer mirrors left and right (based on a common myth that westerners walked differently somehow)
* Short for 南蛮辛子 (nanban-garashi):
    Synonym: 唐辛子 (tōgarashi)
* Short for 南蛮黍 (nanban kibi):
    Synonym: 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi)
* a general term for styles of cooking that use leeks, chilis, and oil
* Short for 南蛮煮 (nanban ni): a soup or stew dish cooked with leeks
* Short for 南蛮船 (nanbansen): a sailing ship from Spain or Portugal (in the Muromachi and Edo periods)

#### Prefix

南(なん)蛮(ばん) • (nanban-)
* from the west, from Europe

##### Synonyms

* (China, Baekje): 南(なん)夷(い) (nan'i)

##### Derived terms

* 南蛮辛子(なんばんがらし) (nanban-garashi)
* 南蛮煙管(なんばんぎせる) (nanban-giseru)
* 南蛮黍(なんばんきび) (nanban kibi)
* 南蛮人(なんばんじん) (nanbanjin): a westerner, a foreigner of European descent
* 南蛮船(なんばんせん) (nanbansen)
* 南蛮煮(なんばんに) (nanban ni)
* 南蛮繁縷(なんばんはこべ) (nanban hakobe)

### Etymology 2

Sound shift from nanban above.
/nanban/ > /nanba/

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんば [nàńbá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠mba̠]

#### Noun

南蛮(なんば) • (nanba)
* a type of movement in kabuki, bunraku, and Japanese dance where the performer mirrors left and right (based on a common myth that westerners walked differently somehow)
* Short for 南蛮鉄 (nanban tetsu): refined steel imported from abroad, mainly sourced from Europeans
* a leek
* 難波: a dish made using leeks

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN