# 治療
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìliáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ liu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-liàu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^4$ liau$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tī-liâu / tǐ-liâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^7$ liou$^5$ / di$^7$ liao$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy-liau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìliáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhliáo
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-liao$^2$
*** Yale: jr̀-lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhliau
*** Palladius: чжиляо (čžiljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ liu$^4$
*** Yale: jih lìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ liu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ liu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² liːu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-liàu
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii liau$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^4$ liau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ li̯au̯¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^4$ liau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liau¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: tī-liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dixliaau
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²²⁻²¹ liau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti³³⁻¹¹ liau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti³³⁻²¹ liau²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti²²⁻²¹ liau²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: tǐ-liâu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²² liau²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^7$ liou$^5$ / di$^7$ liao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī liôu / tī liâu
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹¹ liou⁵⁵/, /ti¹¹ liau⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy-liau
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$ liau
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr-liau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² liɔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dri|drijH|driH ljewH
Rime :
| Character | 治 | 治 | 治 | 療 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 脂 (17) | 之 (19) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直之切 | 直利切 | 直吏切 | 力照切 |
| Baxter | dri | drijH | driH | ljewH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖˠiɪ$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /liᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖᵚi$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /liɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡie/ | /ȡiɪ$^H$/ | /ȡie$^H$/ | /ljæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖji$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /liaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiə/ | /ȡji$^H$/ | /ȡiə$^H$/ | /liɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭə/ | /ȡi$^H$/ | /ȡĭə$^H$/ | /lĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi/ | /ȡʱi$^H$/ | /ȡʱi$^H$/ | /li̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí | zhì | zhì | liào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ | zi$^6$ | zi$^6$ | liu$^6$ |

### Verb

治療
* to provide medical treatment; to treat
    入院治療／入院治疗 ― rùyuàn zhìliáo ― to be admitted to hospital for treatment
    皮膚激光治療／皮肤激光治疗 ― pífū jīguāng zhìliáo ― laser skin treatment
       pífá de bìngyīn, zhèngzhuàng hé zhìliáo fāngshì [Pinyin]
       causes, symptoms, and treatment of fatigue

#### Synonyms

* 治
* 療治 / 疗治 (Dungan)
* 療護 / 疗护 (liáohù)
* 醫 / 医 (yī)
* 醫治 / 医治 (yīzhì)
* 醫療 / 医疗 (yīliáo)

### Noun

治療
* therapy; medical treatment
    接受治療／接受治疗 ― jiēshòu zhìliáo ― to accept treatment
    拒絕治療／拒绝治疗 ― jùjué zhìliáo ― to refuse treatment
    放棄治療／放弃治疗 ― fàngqì zhìliáo ― to give up treatment
    治療結果／治疗结果 ― zhìliáo jiéguǒ ― treatment outcome
    抗炎治療／抗炎治疗 ― kàngyán zhìliáo ― anti-inflammatory treatment
    非自願治療／非自愿治疗 ― fēi zìyuàn zhìliáo ― involuntary treatment
    免疫抑制治療／免疫抑制治疗 ― miǎnyì yìzhì zhìliáo ― immunosuppressive therapy

#### Synonyms

* 治療法 / 治疗法 (zhìliáofǎ)
* 療法 / 疗法 (liáofǎ)
* 療治 / 疗治 (Dungan)
* 醫療 / 医疗 (yīliáo)

### Derived terms

* 三度空間立體順形放射治療 / 三度空间立体顺形放射治疗 (sāndù kōngjiān lìtǐ shùnxíng fàngshè zhìliáo)
* 光照射治療 / 光照射治疗 (guāngzhào shè zhìliáo)
* 化學治療 / 化学治疗 (huàxué zhìliáo)
* 吸入治療 / 吸入治疗 (xīrù zhìliáo)
* 團體心理治療 / 团体心理治疗 (tuántǐ xīnlǐ zhìliáo)
* 團體治療 / 团体治疗 (tuántǐ zhìliáo)
* 基因治療 / 基因治疗 (jīyīn zhìliáo)
* 姑息治療 / 姑息治疗 (gūxī zhìliáo)
* 心理治療 / 心理治疗 (xīnlǐ zhìliáo)
* 扭轉治療 / 扭转治疗 (niǔzhuǎn zhìliáo)
* 放射線治療 / 放射线治疗
* 根管治療 / 根管治疗 (gēnguǎn zhìliáo)
* 治療師 / 治疗师 (zhìliáoshī)
* 治療性 / 治疗性 (zhìliáoxìng)
* 激素替代治療 / 激素替代治疗 (jīsù tìdài zhìliáo)
* 物理治療 / 物理治疗 (wùlǐ zhìliáo)
* 生物治療 / 生物治疗 (shēngwù zhìliáo)
* 精神治療 / 精神治疗 (jīngshén zhìliáo)
* 職能治療 / 职能治疗 (zhínéng zhìliáo)
* 舞蹈治療 / 舞蹈治疗 (wǔdǎo zhìliáo)
* 藥物治療 / 药物治疗 (yàowù zhìliáo)
* 認知行為治療 / 认知行为治疗 (rènzhī xíngwéi zhìliáo)
* 語言治療 / 语言治疗 (yǔyán zhìliáo)
* 輻射治療 / 辐射治疗 (fúshè zhìliáo)
* 辯證行為治療 / 辩证行为治疗 (biànzhèng xíngwèi zhìliáo)
* 運動治療 / 运动治疗 (yùndòng zhìliáo)
* 音樂治療 / 音乐治疗 (yīnyuè zhìliáo)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 治(ち)療(りょう) (chiryō)
* → Korean: 치료(治療) (chiryo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 治 | 療 |
| ち Grade: 4 | りょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちりょー [chìryóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕiɾʲo̞ː]

### Noun

治(ち)療(りょう) • (chiryō)
* medical treatment
* cure

#### Derived terms

* 鍼治療(しんちりょう) (shinchiryō): acupuncture

### Verb

治(ち)療(りょう)する • (chiryō suru) suru (stem 治(ち)療(りょう)し (chiryō shi), past 治(ち)療(りょう)した (chiryō shita))
* to treat (medically)
* to cure

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 治療し | ちりょうし | chiryō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 治療し | ちりょうし | chiryō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 治療する | ちりょうする | chiryō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 治療する | ちりょうする | chiryō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 治療すれ | ちりょうすれ | chiryō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 治療せよ¹ 治療しろ² | ちりょうせよ¹ ちりょうしろ² | chiryō seyo¹ chiryō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 治療される | ちりょうされる | chiryō sareru |
| Causative | 治療させる 治療さす | ちりょうさせる ちりょうさす | chiryō saseru chiryō sasu |
| Potential | 治療できる | ちりょうできる | chiryō dekiru |
| Volitional | 治療しよう | ちりょうしよう | chiryō shiyō |
| Negative | 治療しない | ちりょうしない | chiryō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 治療せず | ちりょうせず | chiryō sezu |
| Formal | 治療します | ちりょうします | chiryō shimasu |
| Perfective | 治療した | ちりょうした | chiryō shita |
| Conjunctive | 治療して | ちりょうして | chiryō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 治療すれば | ちりょうすれば | chiryō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 治 | 療 |

### Noun

治療 • (chiryo) (hangeul 치료)
* hanja form of 치료 (“treatment”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 治 | 療 |

### Noun

治療
* chữ Hán form of trị liệu (“therapy”).