# 懸

| 懸 | U+61F8, &#25080; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61F8 |
| ← 懷 [U+61F7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懹 → [U+61F9] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 懸 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𢝝 |
| Simplified | 悬 |

### Han character

懸 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+16, 20 strokes, cangjie input 月火心 (BFP), four-corner 6233$_9$, composition ⿱縣心)

#### Descendants

* 悬

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11462
* Dae Jaweon: page 749, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2368, character 5
* Unihan data for U+61F8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縣 | *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns |
| 懸 | *ɡʷeːn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷeːn) : phonetic 縣 (OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to be concerned (in one’s heart).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuán (xuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): hèng / hièng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng$^2$ / hyeng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiân / soân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huin$^5$ / ngui$^5$ / hiang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuán
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^2$
*** Yale: sywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
*** Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng / hièng
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛiŋ⁵³/, /hieŋ⁵³/
* hèng - vernacular;
* hièng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hwen
Rime :
| Character | 懸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡涓切 |
| Baxter | hwen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuen/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiwen/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣiwen/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷˤe[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷeːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kʷˁe[n]/ (error in B&S 2014, should be *Cə.[ɡ]ʷˁe[n] to account for Mǐn) |
| English | suspend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13577 |
| Phonetic component | 縣 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 玄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷeːn/ |
| Notes | 俗同縣通用 |

#### Definitions

懸
* to hang; to suspend
* to raise
* to feel anxious
* (literary, or in compounds) to announce
    懸賞／悬赏 ― xuánshǎng ― to offer a reward
* (literary, or in compounds) to imagine; to suppose
    懸想／悬想 ― xuánxiǎng ― to imagine
* to be unsettled; to be unresolved
* (colloquial) dangerous
       Jiǎ: “Kǎoshì kǎo de zěnmeyàng ne?” Yǐ: “Xuán.” [Pinyin]
       A: How did you do on your test? B: Dangerous. (meaning: I might have failed but I might have passed.)
* far apart
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (to announce):
* 佈告 / 布告 (bùgào) (literary)
* 公告 (gōnggào)
* 公布 (gōngbù)
* 告知 (gàozhī)
* 告示 (gàoshì) (literary)
* 報信 / 报信 (bàoxìn)
* 奉告 (fènggào)
* 宣告 (xuāngào)
* 宣布 (xuānbù)
* 宣明 (xuānmíng)
* 打招呼 (dǎ zhāohū)
* 拍招呼 (Hokkien)
* 披露 (pīlù)
* 揭曉 / 揭晓 (jiēxiǎo)
* 揭示 (jiēshì)
* 曉諭 / 晓谕 (xiǎoyù) (literary)
* 發布 / 发布 (fābù)
* 通告 (tōnggào)
* 通知 (tōngzhī)
* 頒布 / 颁布 (bānbù)
* 頒發 / 颁发 (bānfā)
* 頒降 / 颁降 (bānjiàng) (literary)
* (to feel anxious):
* 心念 (Hokkien)
* 念 (niàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 惦念 (diànniàn)
* 惦記 / 惦记 (diànjì)
* 懸念 / 悬念 (xuánniàn) (formal)
* 懸想 / 悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 掛念 / 挂念 (guàniàn)
* 掛意 / 挂意 (guàyì)
* 掛記 / 挂记 (Nanchang Gan, Yudu Hakka)
* 數念 / 数念 (siàu-liām) (Hokkien)
* 牽掛 / 牵挂 (qiānguà)
* 眷懷 / 眷怀 (juànhuái) (literary)
* 眷注 (juànzhù) (literary)
* 眷顧 / 眷顾 (juàngù) (formal)
* 記掛 / 记挂 (jìguà) (dialectal)
* 顧念 / 顾念 (gùniàn)
* (to imagine):
* 估計 / 估计 (gūjì)
* 估量
* 假定 (jiǎdìng)
* 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
* 假設 / 假设 (jiǎshè)
* 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
* 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
* 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
* 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
* 懸想 / 悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 懷疑 / 怀疑 (huáiyí)
* 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
* 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
* 推測 / 推测 (tuīcè)
* 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 揣度 (formal)
* 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
* 母量 (mu$^3$ liong) (Gan)
* 派胚 (Hokkien)
* 測 / 测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 測估 / 测估 (cègū)
* 測度 / 测度 (cèduó)
* 測算 / 测算 (cèsuàn)
* 猜 (cāi)
* 猜度 (cāiduó)
* 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
* 猜摸 (cāimo)
* 猜料 (cāiliào)
* 猜測 / 猜测 (cāicè)
* 猜詳 / 猜详 (cāixiáng)
* 算 (suàn)
* 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
* 約摸 / 约摸 (yuēmo)
* 臭疑 (Hokkien)
* 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
* 虛擬 / 虚拟 (xūnǐ)
* 要約 / 要约 (iau$^3$ ieh$^4$) (Jin)
* 設 / 设 (shè)
* 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
* 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 辦胚 / 办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 青疑 (Hokkien)
* 預計 / 预计 (yùjì)

#### Compounds

* 倒懸 / 倒悬 (dàoxuán)
* 倒懸之危 / 倒悬之危 (dàoxuánzhīwēi)
* 倒懸之急 / 倒悬之急
* 倒懸之苦 / 倒悬之苦
* 倒懸捱命 / 倒悬捱命
* 刺股懸梁
* 刺骨懸梁
* 勒馬懸崖 / 勒马悬崖
* 匏瓜空懸 / 匏瓜空悬
* 口如懸河 / 口如悬河
* 口若懸河 / 口若悬河 (kǒuruòxuánhé)
* 命若懸絲 / 命若悬丝
* 坐薪懸膽 / 坐薪悬胆
* 天懸地隔 / 天悬地隔
* 如解倒懸 / 如解倒悬
* 子夏懸鶉 / 子夏悬鹑
* 室如懸磬 / 室如悬磬
* 強弱懸殊 / 强弱悬殊
* 徹懸 / 彻悬
* 心懸兩地 / 心悬两地
* 意懸 / 意悬
* 懸口 / 悬口
* 懸吊 / 悬吊
* 懸圃 / 悬圃
* 懸壅垂 / 悬壅垂 (xuányōngchuí)
* 懸壺 / 悬壶 (xuánhú)
* 懸壺濟世 / 悬壶济世 (xuánhújìshì)
* 懸宕 / 悬宕
* 懸山 / 悬山
* 懸岩 / 悬岩
* 懸岩峭壁 / 悬岩峭壁
* 懸峰 / 悬峰
* 懸崖 / 悬崖 (xuányá)
* 懸崖勒馬 / 悬崖勒马 (xuányálèmǎ)
* 懸崖峭壁 / 悬崖峭壁 (xuányáqiàobì)
* 懸崖絕壁 / 悬崖绝壁 (xuányájuébì)
* 懸弧 / 悬弧
* 懸弧之慶 / 悬弧之庆
* 懸心 / 悬心 (xuánxīn)
* 懸心吊膽 / 悬心吊胆 (xuánxīndiàodǎn)
* 懸念 / 悬念 (xuánniàn)
* 懸想 / 悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 懸懸 / 悬悬
* 懸懸而望 / 悬悬而望
* 懸掛 / 悬挂 (xuánguà)
* 懸揣 / 悬揣
* 懸擬 / 悬拟
* 懸斷 / 悬断
* 懸旌 / 悬旌
* 懸旌萬里 / 悬旌万里
* 懸望 / 悬望
* 懸果 / 悬果
* 懸案 / 悬案 (xuán'àn)
* 懸梁 (xuánliáng)
* 懸梁刺股 (xuánliángcìgǔ)
* 懸梁刺骨
* 懸棺葬 / 悬棺葬
* 懸榻 / 悬榻
* 懸欠 / 悬欠
* 懸殊 / 悬殊 (xuánshū)
* 懸決 / 悬决
* 懸河 / 悬河
* 懸法 / 悬法
* 懸河注水 / 悬河注水
* 懸河注火 / 悬河注火
* 懸河瀉水 / 悬河泻水
* 懸浮 / 悬浮 (xuánfú)
* 懸浮物 / 悬浮物
* 懸液劑 / 悬液剂
* 懸溜 / 悬溜
* 懸濁液 / 悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
* 懸瀑 / 悬瀑
* 懸然如磬 / 悬然如磬
* 懸燈結彩 / 悬灯结彩
* 懸疑 / 悬疑 (xuányí)
* 懸癰 / 悬痈
* 懸的過高 / 悬的过高
* 懸空 / 悬空 (xuánkōng)
* 懸空電車 / 悬空电车
* 懸絕 / 悬绝
* 懸絲傀儡 / 悬丝傀儡
* 懸絲診脈 / 悬丝诊脉
* 懸缺 / 悬缺
* 懸罄 / 悬罄
* 懸而未決 / 悬而未决 (xuán'érwèijué)
* 懸肘 / 悬肘
* 懸腕 / 悬腕
* 懸腸掛肚 / 悬肠挂肚
* 懸膽 / 悬胆
* 懸臂 / 悬臂
* 懸若日月 / 悬若日月
* 懸薄 / 悬薄
* 懸虛 / 悬虚
* 懸衡 / 悬衡
* 懸賞 / 悬赏 (xuánshǎng)
* 懸車之年 / 悬车之年
* 懸車告老 / 悬车告老
* 懸車致仕 / 悬车致仕
* 懸軍 / 悬军
* 懸針 / 悬针
* 懸針垂露 / 悬针垂露
* 懸鉤子 / 悬钩子 (xuángōuzi)
* 懸門 / 悬门
* 懸隔 / 悬隔 (xuángé)
* 懸頭 / 悬头 (xuántóu)
* 懸頭刺股 / 悬头刺股
* 懸頭刺骨 / 悬头刺骨
* 懸風槌 / 悬风槌
* 懸首 / 悬首 (xuánshǒu)
* 懸魚 / 悬鱼
* 懸鶉 / 悬鹑
* 懸鶉百結 / 悬鹑百结
* 懸麻雨 / 悬麻雨
* 懸黎 / 悬黎
* 掛印懸牌 / 挂印悬牌
* 掛腸懸膽 / 挂肠悬胆
* 明鏡高懸 / 明镜高悬 (míngjìnggāoxuán)
* 束馬懸車 / 束马悬车
* 目若懸珠 / 目若悬珠
* 相去懸殊 / 相去悬殊
* 眾寡懸殊 / 众寡悬殊
* 眼懸懸 / 眼悬悬
* 視覺懸崖 / 视觉悬崖
* 秦鏡高懸 / 秦镜高悬
* 絕壁天懸 / 绝壁天悬
* 羊續懸魚 / 羊续悬鱼
* 虛堂懸鏡 / 虚堂悬镜
* 解民倒懸 / 解民倒悬
* 言若懸河 / 言若悬河
* 言類懸河 / 言类悬河
* 設鼓懸鐘 / 设鼓悬钟
* 貧富懸殊 / 贫富悬殊 (pínfùxuánshū)
* 賣狗懸羊 / 卖狗悬羊
* 逋懸 / 逋悬
* 鑿壁懸梁 / 凿壁悬梁
* 附贅懸疣 / 附赘悬疣
* 頭懸目眩 / 头悬目眩
* 高懸 / 高悬 (gāoxuán)

### Pronunciation 2

* Eastern Min (BUC): gèng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^2$ / giⁿ$^2$ / he$^2$ / hiⁿ$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koâiⁿ / kûiⁿ / koân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guin$^5$ / guain$^5$
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛiŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ke¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: giⁿ$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kĩ¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: he$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /he¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hiⁿ$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩ¹³/
* ge2/giⁿ2 - “high, tall”;
* he2/hiⁿ2 - “hang down”.

#### Definitions

懸
* (Min) tall; high
* (Southern Min) of high level; above average
* (Hokkien) height
* (Puxian Min) to hang down

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 高 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 高 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 高 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 高 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 高 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 高 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 高 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 高 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 高, 長 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 高 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 高 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 高 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 高 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 高 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 高 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 高 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 高, 猛 † |
| Hakka | Meixian | 高 |
| Hakka | Changting | 高 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 高 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 高 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 高 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 高 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 高 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 懸 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 懸, 躼 † |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 懸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 懸 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 懸 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 懸 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 懸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 高, 長 † |
| Wu | Suzhou | 高, 長 † |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 長, 高 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 高, 長 † |
| Xiang | Changsha | 高, 上 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 高, 長 † |
| Note | † - of a person's height | † - of a person's height |

#### Compounds

* 大細目，懸下耳 / 大细目，悬下耳
* 徛懸山，看馬相踢 / 徛悬山，看马相踢
* 懸下 / 悬下
* 懸下粒 / 悬下粒
* 懸價 / 悬价
* 懸大 / 悬大
* 懸夾下 / 悬夹下
* 懸山 / 悬山
* 懸度 / 悬度
* 懸懸 / 悬悬
* 懸抽 / 悬抽
* 懸摸摸 / 悬摸摸
* 懸骹黍 / 悬骹黍
* 攑懸 / 𫽥悬
* 漲懸價 / 涨悬价
* 牚懸 / 牚悬
* 目睭看懸，無看下 / 目睭看悬，无看下
* 𬦰懸𬦰下 / 𬦰悬𬦰下
* 身懸 / 身悬
* 頂懸 / 顶悬

#### References

* “Entry #12998”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “悬”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, pages 201, 260, 262.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “悬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 270.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𢝝 |
| Kyūjitai | 懸 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𢝝)
* suspend

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: け (ke, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: かける (kakeru, 懸ける, Jōyō)、かかる (kakaru, 懸かる, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 一(いっ)生(しょう)懸(けん)命(めい) (isshōkenmei)

## Korean
### Hanja

懸 (eumhun 매달 현 (maedal hyeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懸: Hán Nôm readings: huyền
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.