# जङ्गल
## Hindi
### Noun

जङ्गल • (jaṅgal) m (Urdu spelling جنگل)
* tatsama spelling of जंगल

#### Declension
## Nepali
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zʌŋɡʌl]
* Phonetic Devanagari: जङ्गल्

### Noun

जङ्गल • (jaṅgal)
* jungle, woods
    Synonym: वन (van)

#### Derived terms

जङ्गली (jaṅgalī)

### References

* ↑ “जङ्गल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

### Further reading

* “जङ्गल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “जङ्गल”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* जाङ्गल (jāṅgala)

### Alternative scripts

* জঙ্গল (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬗ᭄ᬕᬮ (Balinese script)
* জঙ্গল (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰒𑰿𑰐𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ဇင်္ဂလ (Burmese script)
* જઙ્ગલ (Gujarati script)
* ਜਙ੍ਗਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಙ್ಗಲ (Kannada script)
* ជង្គល (Khmer script)
* ຊງ຺ຄລ (Lao script)
* ജങ്ഗല (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠᢛᡤᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘒𑘿𑘐𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᢊᠺᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑦲𑧠𑦰𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐮 (Newa script)
* ଜଙ୍ଗଲ (Odia script)
* ꢙꢖ꣄ꢔꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆕𑇀𑆓𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖒𑖿𑖐𑖩 (Siddham script)
* ජඞ‍්ගල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩠 𑪙𑩞𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚎𑚶𑚌𑚥 (Takri script)
* ஜங்க³ல (Tamil script)
* జఙ్గల (Telugu script)
* ชงฺคล (Thai script)
* ཛ་ངྒ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨏𑩇𑨍𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From a substrate, possibly Dravidian or Munda, origin. Compare Kannada ಜಂಗಲ್ (jaṅgaḷi, “mass, assemblage”)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

### Adjective

जङ्गल • (jaṅgala) stem
* arid, sterile, desert (L.)

#### Declension
### Noun

जङ्गल • (jaṅgala) stem, n
* any arid or sterile region, desert (= जङ्गलपथ (jaṅgala-patha))
* an area sparingly grown with trees and plants, a wild or savage area (see जाङ्गल (jāṅgala))
* uncultivated, inhospitable area more or less covered by vegetation
* meat
* venom (= जङ्गुल (jaṅgula))

#### Related terms

* दीर्घजङ्गल (dīrghá-jaṅgala)
* जाङ्गल (jāṅgala)

#### Descendants

* Magadhi Prakrit:
** Assamese: জঙ্গল (zoṅgol)
** Bengali: জঙ্গল (joṅgol)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)
** Marathi: जंगल (jaṅgal)
* Pali: jaṅgala
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)
** Gujarati: જંગલ (jaṅgal)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: जंगल (jaṅgal)
    Urdu: جنگل (jaṅgal)
** Nepali: जङ्गल (jaṅgal)
* → Kannada: ಜಂಗಲು (jaṅgalu)
* → Malay: jenggala
* → Old Javanese: jaṅgala
* → Tamil: ஜங்கிள் (jaṅkiḷ)
* → Telugu: జంగిల్ (jaṅgil)
* → Esperanto: ĝangalo
* → Persian: جنگل (jangal) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Singh, K.S. “Ecology, Identity and Culture.” India International Centre Quarterly, 27/28, 2001, pp. 201–214. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23005712. Accessed 24 Apr. 2020.
* ↑ The Mariner's Mirror. (1925). United Kingdom: Society for Nautical Research, p. 316
* ↑ Kumaraswami Raja, N. (1969). Post-nasal Voiceless Plosives in Dravidian. India: Annamalai University, p. 56
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “jāṅgala-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 209
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 427
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāṅgala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* ↑ Burrow, T. & Emeneau, M.B. (Oxford university Press, 1984) A Dravidian Etmyological Dictionary p 202
* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “जङ्गल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 408/3.