OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# overincarceration
## English
### Etymology

From over- +‎ incarceration.

### Noun

overincarceration (uncountable)
* The incarceration of an excess number of people.
** 2015 November 10, Vincent Schiraldi, “What Mass Incarceration Looks Like for Juveniles”, in New York Times‎:When we put a stop to the overincarceration, crime did not spike and there was a remarkably low felony rearrest rate of 4 percent a year for people who completed probation.
** 2022 January 25, Eric Reinhart, “How Joe Biden Launched a New Prison Boom”, in Slate‎:Under his [Joe Biden's] administration, rather than movement toward the end of a system of over-incarceration, we are instead witnessing the beginning of a new prison “boom.”

#### Synonyms

* overimprisonment
# קילקל
## Hebrew

* Root
* ק־ל־ק־ל (q-l-q-l)
* 6 terms

### Verb

קילקל / קִלְקֵל • (kilkél) (pi'el construction, passive counterpart קולקל / קֻלְקַל)
* to damage, to spoil, to ruin

#### Related terms

* הִתְקַלְקֵל (hitkalkél)
** הִתְקַלְקְלוּת (hitkalk'lút)
* קולקל / קֻלְקַל (kulkál)
** מקולקל / מְקֻלְקָל (m'kulkál)
* קִלְקוּל (kilkúl)
** קלקול קיבה / קִלְקוּל קֵבָה (kilkúl kevá)
# Sigamot
## English
### Proper noun

Sigamot
* A barangay of Libmanan, Camarines Sur, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Aslong, Awayan, Bagacay, Bagadion, Bagamelon, Bagumbayan, Bahao, Bahay, Begajo Norte, Begajo Sur, Beguito Nuevo, Beguito Viejo, Bikal, Busak, Caima, Calabnigan, Camambugan, Cambalidio, Candami, Candato, Cawayan, Concepcion, Cuyapi, Danawan, Duang Niog, Handong, Ibid, Inalahan, Labao, Libod I, Libod II, Loba-loba, Mabini, Malansad Nuevo, Malansad Viejo, Malbogon, Malinao, Mambalite, Mambayawas, Mambulo Nuevo, Mambulo Viejo, Mancawayan, Mandacanan, Mantalisay, Padlos, Pag-Oring Nuevo, Pag-Oring Viejo, Palangon, Palong, Patag, Planza, Poblacion, Potot, Puro-Batia, Rongos, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Juan, San Pablo, San Vicente, Sibujo, Sigamot, Station-Church Site, Taban-Fundado, Tampuhan, Tanag, Tarum, Tinalmud Nuevo, Tinalmud Viejo, Tinangkihan, Udoc, Umalo, Uson, Villadima, Villasocorro — barangays of Libmanan
# הושיב
## Hebrew

* Root
* י־שׁ־ב (y-sh-b)
* 17 terms

### Verb

הוֹשִׁיב • (hoshív) (hif'il construction, passive counterpart הוּשַׁב)
* to seat
# մատույց
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian մատոյց (matoycʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /mɑˈtujt͡sʰ/, [mɑtújt͡sʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /mɑˈdujt͡s/, [mɑdújt͡sʰ]
* Hyphenation: մա‧տույց

### Noun

մատույց • (matuycʻ) (traditional orthography spelling մատոյց)
* approach, access
* environs
# 손실
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 損失.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰo̞(ː)nɕʰiɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [손(ː)실]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

손실 • (sonsil) (hanja 損失)
* loss

#### Derived terms

* 손실되다 (損失되다, sonsildoeda)
* 손실하다 (損失하다, sonsilhada)
# corticiform
## English
### Etymology

From Latin cortex, corticis (“bark”) + -form. Compare French corticiforme.

### Adjective

corticiform (comparative more corticiform, superlative most corticiform)
* Resembling, or having the form of, bark, rind, or a cortex.
    the corticiform layer of a thallus

### References

* “corticiform”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# पुरखा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरुष (puruṣa, “man, human; primordial man”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pʊɾ.kʰɑː/, [pʊɾ.kʰäː]

### Noun

पुरखा • (purkhā) m (Urdu spelling پُرْکھا)
* ancestor, forefather
    Synonym: पूर्वज (pūrvaj)

#### Declension
### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “पुरखा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3048
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पुरखा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 637
* “पुरखा”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
# אובחן
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־ב־ח־ן (ʾ-b-kh-n)
* 3 terms

### Verb

אובחן / אֻבְחַן • ('uv'khán) (pu'al construction, active counterpart אִבְחֵן)
* to be diagnosed
# λεύκη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From λευκός (leukós, “white”) +‎ -η (-ē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lěu̯.kɛː/ → /ˈleɸ.ci/ → /ˈlef.ci/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /lěu̯.kɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈlew.ke̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈleɸ.ci/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈlef.ci/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈlef.ci/

### Noun

λεύκη • (leúkē) f (genitive λεύκης); first declension
* white poplar (Populus alba)
    Synonyms: ἀχερωΐς (akherōḯs), λῠ́γδη (lŭ́gdē)
* (pathology) leprosy or elephantiasis
* (in the plural) white spots on the nails
* white clay or chalk

#### Derived terms

* λευκαία (leukaía)
* Λευκαῖος (Leukaîos)
* λεύκινος (leúkinos)
* χαμαιλεύκη (khamaileúkē)

### References

* “λεύκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “λεύκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* λεύκη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# Tampuhan
## English
### Proper noun

Tampuhan
* A barangay of Libmanan, Camarines Sur, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Aslong, Awayan, Bagacay, Bagadion, Bagamelon, Bagumbayan, Bahao, Bahay, Begajo Norte, Begajo Sur, Beguito Nuevo, Beguito Viejo, Bikal, Busak, Caima, Calabnigan, Camambugan, Cambalidio, Candami, Candato, Cawayan, Concepcion, Cuyapi, Danawan, Duang Niog, Handong, Ibid, Inalahan, Labao, Libod I, Libod II, Loba-loba, Mabini, Malansad Nuevo, Malansad Viejo, Malbogon, Malinao, Mambalite, Mambayawas, Mambulo Nuevo, Mambulo Viejo, Mancawayan, Mandacanan, Mantalisay, Padlos, Pag-Oring Nuevo, Pag-Oring Viejo, Palangon, Palong, Patag, Planza, Poblacion, Potot, Puro-Batia, Rongos, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Juan, San Pablo, San Vicente, Sibujo, Sigamot, Station-Church Site, Taban-Fundado, Tampuhan, Tanag, Tarum, Tinalmud Nuevo, Tinalmud Viejo, Tinangkihan, Udoc, Umalo, Uson, Villadima, Villasocorro — barangays of Libmanan
# מפוח
## Hebrew

* Root
* נ־פ־ח (n-p-kh)
* 5 terms

### Noun

מַפּוּחַ • (mapúakh) m (plural indefinite מַפּוּחִים, singular construct מפוח־, plural construct מפוחי־)
* A blower, a bellows: a device that blows air.
# Trampen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʁampən/, [ˈtʁampən], [ˈtʁampm̩].
* Hyphenation: Tram‧pen

### Noun

Trampen n (strong, genitive Trampens, no plural)
* gerund of the archaic or dialectal verb trampen pronounced like this gerund, which means to step, to tread
# samampleksa
## Esperanto
### Etymology

sama +‎ amplekso +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [samamˈpleksa]
* Rhymes: -eksa
* Hyphenation: sam‧am‧plek‧sa

### Adjective

samampleksa (accusative singular samampleksan, plural samampleksaj, accusative plural samampleksajn)
* of the same size or scale; co-extensive
** Bertil Nilsson (translator), La volo de l’ ĉielo (Himlens vilja) by Artur Lundkvist,
    Mallongaj ripozperiodoj dum la vintra sezono estis uzataj por ĉasado, ĉasado por bataluloj samampleksa kiel malgranda militekspedicio [...]
       Short periods of rest during the winter season were used for hunting: a hunt for warriors, of the same scale as a small military expedition
# vinyuzi
## Swahili

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

vinyuzi class VIII (plural only)
* (collectively) pubic hair
# איזכר
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־ז־כ־ר (ʾ-z-k-r)
* 3 terms

### Verb

איזכר / אִזְכֵּר • (iz'kér) (pi'el construction, passive counterpart אוזכר / אֻזְכַּר)
* to make a reference, to refer to, to quote
# morrissà
## Catalan
### Etymology

Modification of morritort in reference to the plant's medicinal qualities.

### Noun

morrissà m (plural morrissans)
* (Balearic) garden cress
    Synonym: morritort

#### Derived terms

* morrissà bord
* morrissà de marina
* morrissà gros

### Further reading

* “morrissà”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
# Villadima
## English
### Proper noun

Villadima
* A barangay of Libmanan, Camarines Sur, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Aslong, Awayan, Bagacay, Bagadion, Bagamelon, Bagumbayan, Bahao, Bahay, Begajo Norte, Begajo Sur, Beguito Nuevo, Beguito Viejo, Bikal, Busak, Caima, Calabnigan, Camambugan, Cambalidio, Candami, Candato, Cawayan, Concepcion, Cuyapi, Danawan, Duang Niog, Handong, Ibid, Inalahan, Labao, Libod I, Libod II, Loba-loba, Mabini, Malansad Nuevo, Malansad Viejo, Malbogon, Malinao, Mambalite, Mambayawas, Mambulo Nuevo, Mambulo Viejo, Mancawayan, Mandacanan, Mantalisay, Padlos, Pag-Oring Nuevo, Pag-Oring Viejo, Palangon, Palong, Patag, Planza, Poblacion, Potot, Puro-Batia, Rongos, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Juan, San Pablo, San Vicente, Sibujo, Sigamot, Station-Church Site, Taban-Fundado, Tampuhan, Tanag, Tarum, Tinalmud Nuevo, Tinalmud Viejo, Tinangkihan, Udoc, Umalo, Uson, Villadima, Villasocorro — barangays of Libmanan
# השתיל
## Hebrew

* Root
* שׁ־ת־ל (sh-t-l)
* 3 terms

### Verb

הִשְׁתִּיל • (hishtíl) (hif'il construction)
* to plant
* (medicine) to implant
* (medicine) to transplant
# bluzieństwo
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /bluˈʑɛɲ.stfɔ/

### Noun

bluzieństwo n
* (Kielce) Alternative form of bluźnierstwo

### Further reading

* Władysław Siarkowski (1878) “bluzieństwo”, in “Materiały do etnografii ludu polskiego z okolic Kielc”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowej (in Polish), volume 2, chapter 3, Krakow: Komisyja Antropologiczna Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, page 245
# قىيىن
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kïyïn. Cognate with Karakalpak қыйын, Turkmen kyn, Uzbek qiyin.

### Adjective

قىيىن • (qiyin)
* hard; difficult
    قىيىن ئەھۋالدا قالماق ― qiyin ehwalda qalmaq ― to be in a difficult situation
    قىيىن ئىش ― qiyin ish ― difficult matter
    قىيىن ئىش يوق ئالەمدە كۆڭۈل قويغان ئادەمگە ― qiyin ish yoq alemde kö'ngül qoyghan ademge ― nothing in the world is difficult for the diligent.

#### See also

* تەس (tes)
* دىشۋار (dishwar)
* مۇشەققەتلىك (musheqqetlik)

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kı:n (kı:ñ)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 631
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨ̄jn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Further reading

* Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN
# bettong
## English
### Etymology

Recorded in English since 1830–40; from Dharug badang.

### Noun

bettong (plural bettongs)
* Any of the marsupial genera Bettongia and Aepyprymnus; closely related to kangaroos.
    Bettongs rather resemble rats, having short noses, short, rounded ears, long hind feet and a naked muzzle tip.

#### Derived terms

* brush tailed bettong
* burrowing bettong
* northern bettong
* rufous bettong
* Tasmanian bettong (Tasmanian bettong)

### See also

* boodie
* potoroo
* rat kangaroo
* woylie

### References

* bettong on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Bettongia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Bettongia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# commons
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: kŏmʹənz, IPA: /ˈkɑmənz/
* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kŏmʹənz, IPA: /ˈkɒmənz/
* Hyphenation: com‧mons
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

commons
* plural of common

### Noun

commons
* (usually singular in construction) A public area, especially a dining hall, at a college or university; a similar shared spaced elsewhere.
* (usually singular in construction) A common (common land); especially, a central section of (usually an older) town, designated as a shared area.
    The Renaissance festival started with the "peasants" meeting in the commons.
    The commons is the green space surrounded by the village hall, the school, and the church.
    The commons of New England towns are important contributors to their charm.
* (figuratively) The mutual good of all; the abstract concept of resources shared by more than one, for example air, water, information.
    Synonym: res communis
    "The tragedy of the commons" is that none wish to make sacrifices of their or their family's interests for the common good.
* The common people collectively, the third estate, the people not belonging to the nobility or clergy
** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene i:We in the name of other Perſean ſtates [i.e. nobles], And commons of this mightie Monarchy, Preſent thee with the Emperiall Diadem.
* (chiefly historical) The free burghers/bourgeoisie of a given town, taken collectively.
* (euphemistic, obsolete) An outhouse.
    Synonyms: common house, House of Commons; see also Thesaurus:outhouse
* (obsolete, UK, Oxford University) Food served at a fixed rate from the college buttery, distinguished from battels.
** 1875, Walter Bradford Woodgate, "Oars and Sculls," and How to Use Them (page 125)
    At the same time, the fashion at Oxford of confining lunch to a "commons" of bread and butter and a glass of beer till the crew reaches Putney (when a little meat is allowed,) is unreasonable.
* Food in general; rations.
    short commons

#### Derived terms

* digital commons
* House of Commons
* pinch-commons
* tragedy of the commons

#### Related terms

* common
* commoner

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

commons
* third-person singular simple present indicative of common

### References

* “commons”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Further reading

* commons on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## French
### Verb

commons
* inflection of commer:
** first-person plural present indicative
** first-person plural imperative
# אוזכר
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־ז־כ־ר (ʾ-z-k-r)
* 3 terms

### Verb

אוזכר / אֻזְכַּר • (uz'kár) (pu'al construction, active counterpart איזכר / אִזְכֵּר)
* to be referenced, to be referred to, to be quoted
# ὄξος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp; sour”), with an analogous formation as ἦδος (êdos, “delight, pleasure”) to ἡδύς (hēdús, “pleasant, sweet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ók.sos/ → /ˈok.sos/ → /ˈok.sos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ók.sos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈok.sos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈok.sos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈok.sos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈok.sos/

### Noun

ὄξος • (óxos) n (genitive ὄξεος); third declension
* poor wine
* vinegar made therefrom
    Synonym: τᾰ́ργᾰνον (tắrgănon)
* (figuratively) sour fellow, sourpuss

#### Derived terms

* ὀξάλμη (oxálmē)
* ὀξέλαιον (oxélaion)
* ὀξηρός (oxērós)
* ὀξίδιον (oxídion)
* ὀξίζω (oxízō)
* ὀξίνης (oxínēs)
* ὀξίς (oxís)
* ὀξῖτις (oxîtis)
* ὀξοπώλης (oxopṓlēs)

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Greek: ξίδι (xídi)
* ⇒ Mariupol Greek: ксидъ (ksið)
* → Old East Slavic: уксусъ (uksusŭ)
** Russian: уксус (uksus)
*** → Ingrian: uksus
*** → Komi-Zyrian: уксус (uksus)
* → Udi: окъо (oq̇o)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀξύς (> DER > ὄξος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1089

### Further reading

* “ὄξος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὄξος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ὄξος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# placatingly
## English
### Etymology

From placating +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

placatingly (comparative more placatingly, superlative most placatingly)
* In a manner that serves to placate.
** 2024, Sarah Brooks, The Cautious Traveller’s Guide to the Wastelands, Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, pages 95-96:Her title is always on the lips of the crew […] yet she herself is unseen, locked away in her quarters. ‘Working,’ the stewards say, placatingly.
# האשים
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־שׁ־ם (ʾ-sh-m)
* 6 terms

### Verb

הֶאֱשִׁים • (he'eshím) (hif'il construction)
* to accuse, to blame
# հունավոր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Armenian հունաւոր (hunawor).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hunɑˈvoɾ/, [hunɑvóɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hunɑˈvoɾ/, [hunɑvóɾ]
* Hyphenation: հու‧նա‧վոր

### Adjective

հունավոր • (hunavor) (traditional orthography spelling հունաւոր, superlative ամենահունավոր)
* fordable
* limited, having a limit
# Chao Phraya giant catfishes
## English
### Noun

Chao Phraya giant catfishes
* plural of Chao Phraya giant catfish
# conservo
## Catalan
### Verb

conservo
* first-person singular present indicative of conservar

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /konˈsɛr.vo/
* Rhymes: -ɛrvo
* Hyphenation: con‧sèr‧vo

### Verb

conservo
* first-person singular present indicative of conservare

### Anagrams

* converso, conversò

## Latin
### Etymology

From con- +‎ servō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /konˈser.u̯oː/, [kõːˈs̠ɛru̯oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /konˈser.vo/, [konˈsɛrvo]

### Verb

cōnservō (present infinitive cōnservāre, perfect active cōnservāvī, supine cōnservātum); first conjugation
* to preserve, to conserve
    Synonyms: praeservō, servō, cū̆stōdiō, contineō
* to maintain (i.e., uphold)

#### Synonyms

* praeservō

#### Related terms

* servō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: conservar
* English: conserve
* Esperanto: konservi
* French: conserver
* Galician: conservar
* Ido: konservar
* Italian: conservare
* Portuguese: conservar
* Romanian: conserva
* Spanish: conservar

### References

* “conservo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “conservo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* conservo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to live up to one's reputation: famam ante collectam tueri, conservare to retain the recollection of a thing: memoriam alicuius rei conservare, retinere to keep one's oath: iusiurandum (religionem) servare, conservare to grant a man his life: aliquem (incolumem) conservare

## Portuguese
### Verb

conservo
* first-person singular present indicative of conservar

## Spanish
### Verb

conservo
* first-person singular present indicative of conservar
# æl
## Faroese
### Etymology

See æla (“to shower”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛal]

### Noun

æl n (genitive singular æls, plural æl)
* shower

#### Synonyms

* skúrur, ælingur

#### Derived terms

* degningsæl (day ~)
* flóðaræl (very heavy ~)
* grimdaræl (very heavy ~)
* heglingsæl (hailstorm)
* kavaæl (snow ~)
* lýsingaræl (~ at daylight)
* menningaræl (increasing ~)
* mjørkaæl (~ in the fog)
* rennikavaæl (sleet ~)
* skarningsæl (between snow ~ and hailstorm)
* skarningsæl (~ in the darkness)
* toruæl (thunder ~)
* ælabogi (rainbow)
* ælaleyst (dry between ~)
* ælaligur (showery)
* ælaluft (~ air)
* ælaslettingur (minor ~)
* ælaslit (pause between ~)
* ælaveður (~ weather)
* ældrag (minor ~)
* ældráttur (minor ~)
* ælingur (shower)
* ælmusk (light ~)
* ælstavur (sunbeam on a ~)
* ælstroyggj (minor ~)

#### Related terms

* æla (to shower)

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *al, from Proto-Germanic *alaz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æl/

#### Noun

æl m
* awl, hook, fork

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Alternative forms

* eal

##### Descendants

* Middle English: alle, al
** English: awl (merged with descendant of Old English awel)
** Scots: awl

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu, from Proto-Germanic *ēlō.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æːl/

#### Noun

ǣl f
* Alternative form of æl (“awl”)

### Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æːl/

#### Noun

ǣl m
* eel

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: el, eel, ele, hele, iel, yele
** English: eel
** Scots: eel
** Yola: eale
# סברה
## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ס־ב־ר (s-b-r)
* 7 terms

#### Noun

סְבָרָה • (svará) f
* conjecture, hypothesis

##### Synonyms

* הַשְׁעָרָה (hash'ará)

#### References

* “סברה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

סַבְּרֶה • (sábre) m
* (colloquial) prickly pear cactus
* (colloquial) Sabra (native Israeli)

##### Synonyms

* צַבָּר (tsabár)
# turunan
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuˈru.nan/, [t̪uˈru.nan]
* Rhymes: -an

### Etymology 1

Affixed turun (“descent”) +‎ -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

#### Noun

turunan (plural turunan-turunan)
* (literal) something derived.
* (now informal) descendant
    Synonym: keturunan
* (informal) descendants of national and foreigner; crossbreed.
    Synonym: peranakan
* descent
** A sloping passage.
** Lineage or hereditary derivation
* derivative:
** (calculus) The derived function of a function (the slope at a certain point on some curve $f(x)$).
    Synonym: derivatif
** (calculus) The value of this function for a given value of its independent variable.
    Synonym: derivatif
** (chemistry) A chemical derived from another.
    Synonym: derivatif
** (linguistics) A word that derives from another one.
    Synonym: kata turunan
* (calculus) differential: an infinitesimal change in a variable, or the result of differentiation.
    Synonym: diferensial
    Synonyms: bezaan, kebezaan, pembeza, perbezaan

##### Usage notes

* Senses 1 and 2 (descendant and crossbreed) is not used in formal situation. Formal situation use keturunan instead.

##### Derived terms

* tujuh turunan

### Etymology 2

Affixed turun (“copy”) +‎ -an.

#### Noun

turunan (plural)
* copy
    Synonyms: kopi, salinan, tindasan, tembusan

### Further reading

* “turunan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# נסחף
## Hebrew

* Root
* ס־ח־ף (s-kh-p)
* 2 terms

### Verb

נִסְחַף • (niskháf) (nif'al construction, active counterpart סָחַף)
* to drift
# self-ruling
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ ruling.

### Adjective

self-ruling (not comparable)
* autonomous, self-governing
** 2023 March 13, Eric Cheung, Nectar Gan, “Taiwan says soldier who went missing has been found in China”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 13 March 2023‎:In recent years, Beijing has ramped up economic, diplomatic and military pressure on Taiwan – a self-ruling democracy the Chinese Communist Party claims as its own despite having never governed it.
# scipovi
## Esperanto
### Etymology

scii (“to know”) +‎ povi (“to be able”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [st͡siˈpovi]
* Rhymes: -ovi
* Hyphenation: sci‧po‧vi

### Verb

scipovi (present scipovas, past scipovis, future scipovos, conditional scipovus, volitive scipovu)
* to know how
    Mi scipovas Esperanton.
       I know how to speak Esperanto.
    Kiu fremdan lingvon ne scipovas, pri la propra nenion scias. (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Maksimoj kaj Pripensoj, 1833)