# 爪

| 爪 | U+722A, &#29226; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-722A |
| ← 爩 [U+7229] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爫 → [U+722B] |
| ⽖ | U+2F56, &#12118; KANGXI RADICAL CLAW |
| ← ⽕ [U+2F55] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽗ → [U+2F57] |
| ⺥ | U+2EA5, &#11941; CJK RADICAL PAW TWO |
| ← ⺤ [U+2EA4] | CJK Radicals Supplement | ⺦ → [U+2EA6] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 爫 – when used as a top radical

### Han character

爪 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 7223$_0$, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)
* Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.

#### Derived terms

* Appendix:Chinese radical/爪
* 𫩜, 𢁬, 抓, 沠, 𤜶, 枛, 𤣺, 𥄄, 𮄨, 𧘷, 䖣, 𧠘, 𧦐, 䝖, 𬦦, 𮠜, 釽(𬬲), 𤔗, 𩨢, 𪗢
* 𦧍, 𧠙, 坕, 𦥝, 𫵕, 𦬔, 𢦞, 𪽫, 𮃹, 𤰰, 笊, 𮍕, 𢦼, 𤰲, 𩬐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 688, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
* Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
* Unihan data for U+722A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爪 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 抓 | *ʔsruː, *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs |
| 爪 | *ʔsruːʔ |
| 笊 | *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs |
| 找 | *ʔsruːʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九. Even if it can indicate a claw, actually the pictogram depicts a human hand.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhuǎ, zhǎo (zhua$^3$, zhao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄚˇ, ㄓㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): cháu
    (Hailu, HRS): zau$^ˊ$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zua$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liáu / niáu / jiáu / chiáu / cháu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riao$^2$ / riou$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$tsau / $^3$tsau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, vernacular)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎ
*** Wade–Giles: chua$^3$
*** Yale: jwǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
*** Palladius: чжуа (čžua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎr
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎr
*** Wade–Giles: chua$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jwǎr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
*** Palladius: чжуар (čžuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, literary)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^3$
*** Yale: jǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
*** Palladius: чжао (čžao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.
* Middle Chinese: tsraewX
Rime :
| Character | 爪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 側絞切 |
| Baxter | tsraewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂaɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 爪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsræw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁ<r>uʔ/ |
| English | claw |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 爪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17658 |
| Phonetic component | 爪 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爪 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsruːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

爪
* claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
* (Hakka) to grab with claws
* claw-like object; foot (of an item)
* (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) bamboo rake or harrow
* a surname

##### Usage notes

* 爪 (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
* 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
* 掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
* 手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
* 蹄 (tí) ― hooves

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 爪 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爪子, 爪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 爪子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 爪子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 爪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 爪子, 爪爪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 爪子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 爪子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 爪爪子, 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 爪爪, 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 爪爪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 爪 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 爪子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 爪 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 爪 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 爪, 腳爪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 爪子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 爪 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腳爪 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 腳爪, 爪 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 腳爪 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 爪 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 腳爪 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爪爪, 爪子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 爪子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 跤爪, 爪, 爪仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 爪 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 爪 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 撓, 爪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Danyang | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 腳爪兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 腳爪, 爪 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 腳鈀 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爪子, 腳爪子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腳爪爪 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 爪子 |

#### Compounds

* 一鱗一爪 / 一鳞一爪
* 一鱗半爪 / 一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
* 八爪魚 / 八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
* 冰爪
* 展爪
* 張牙舞爪 / 张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
* 心膂爪牙
* 手爪 (shǒuzhuǎ)
* 探爪兒 / 探爪儿
* 握拳透爪
* 東鱗西爪 / 东鳞西爪 (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
* 熊爪
* 熱爪哇 / 热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
* 爪兒 / 爪儿
* 爪印
* 爪哇 (Zhǎowā)
* 爪哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
* 爪哇國 / 爪哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
* 爪哇島 / 爪哇岛
* 爪哇族
* 爪塔
* 爪士
* 爪子 (zhǎozi)
* 爪字頭 / 爪字头 (zhǎozìtóu)
* 爪尋 / 爪寻
* 爪尖兒 / 爪尖儿
* 爪枯
* 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
* 爪牙之士
* 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
* 爪牙吏
* 爪牙官
* 爪甲
* 爪甲點金 / 爪甲点金
* 爪痕
* 爪老
* 爪袖
* 爪角
* 爪蹄類 / 爪蹄类
* 爪章
* 片鱗半爪 / 片鳞半爪
* 牙爪
* 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
* 狗爪子
* 祿山之爪 / 禄山之爪
* 繫爪 / 系爪
* 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
* 舞爪張牙 / 舞爪张牙
* 虎爪拳
* 虎爪豆
* 通眉長爪 / 通眉长爪
* 鉤爪 / 钩爪
* 鉤爪鋸牙 / 钩爪锯牙
* 鋸牙鉤爪 / 锯牙钩爪
* 雞爪 / 鸡爪
* 雞爪釘 / 鸡爪钉
* 雪泥鴻爪 / 雪泥鸿爪
* 飛爪 / 飞爪
* 飛鴻雪爪 / 飞鸿雪爪
* 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
* 鱗爪 / 鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
* 鱉爪 / 鳖爪
* 鳥爪 / 鸟爪
* 鳳爪 / 凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
* 鴻爪 / 鸿爪
* 鵰心雁爪 / 雕心雁爪
* 鷹爪 / 鹰爪
* 鷹爪功 / 鹰爪功
* 鷹爪毛兒 / 鹰爪毛儿
* 龍爪 / 龙爪
* 龍爪書 / 龙爪书
* 龍爪槐 / 龙爪槐

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niàu / liàu / jiàu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niàu
*** Tâi-lô: niàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /niãu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /niãu¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàu
*** Tâi-lô: liàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiàu
*** Tâi-lô: jiàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiaux
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau²¹/

#### Definitions

爪
* (Southern Min) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.

#### Compounds

* 爪目
* 爪耙仔
* 爪解
* 爪鼻

### References

* “爪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* nail, claw

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪, Jōyō)、つま (tsuma, 爪, Jōyō $^†$)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 爪
* つめ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *tumay. The standalone form of tsuma below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つめ [tsùmé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨme̞]

#### Noun

爪(つめ) • (tsume)
* nail; claw

##### Derived terms

* 鷹(たか)の爪(つめ) (taka no tsume)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 爪
* つま Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. The root form of tsume above, generally only used in compounds. Cognate with 端 (tsuma, “edge, side of something”) and 妻 (tsuma, “wife”, original sense of “spouse”).

#### Affix

爪(つま) • (tsuma)
* (only in compounds) nail; claw

##### Derived terms

* 爪(つま)音(おと) (tsumaoto, “the sound of a stringed instrument when plucked with a pick or plectrum; the sound of a horse's hoofbeat”)
* 爪(つま)弾(び)く (tsumabiku, “to pluck with one's fingernail, such as a stringed instrument”)
* 爪(つま)折(お)る (tsumaoru, “to pick or break something off with one's fingernails”)
* 爪(つま)隠(かくし), 爪(つま)隠(かく)し (tsumakakushi, “hiding one's claws; a kind of zōri grass sandal, where the front end extends and folds over the tops of the toes”)
* 爪(つま)先(さき) (tsumasaki, “tiptoe”)
* 摘(つ)まむ (tsumamu, “to pinch; to pick at; to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers”)
* 摘(つ)む (tsumu, “to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers; to snip the tip off of something”)
* 躓(つまず)く (tsumazuku, “to stumble”)
* 爪(つま)楊(よう)枝(じ) (tsuma yōji, “a small toothpick”)

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Khitan
### Etymology

Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *ǰaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).

### Numeral

爪 (jau)
* hundred (100)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 爪 (MC tsraewX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〮 (cwó) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 爪 (eumhun 손톱 조 (sontop jo))
* hanja form of 조 (“nail; claw”)

#### Compounds

* 가조 (假爪, gajo)
* 유조동물 (有爪動物, yujodongmul)
* 유조류 (有爪類, yujoryu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

爪: Hán Nôm readings: trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.