# culpa
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʌlpə/
* Rhymes: -ʌlpə

### Noun

culpa (plural culpae)
* (law) Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart.
** 1849, James G. Butler, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law:Every actual delict presupposes a dolus or culpa, with the concomitant consciousness and prepense

#### Related terms

* culpa lata
* culpa levis
* felix culpa
* mea culpa
* nostra culpa
* tua culpa

#### Translations

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “culpa”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* capul

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa.

### Noun

culpa f (plural culpas)
* blame, fault

### Further reading

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “culpa”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈkul.pə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈkul.pa]

#### Noun

culpa f (plural culpes)
* fault, blame
* guilt

##### Derived terms

* per culpa de

##### Related terms

* culpable
* culpar
* disculpar
* exculpar
* inculpar

#### Further reading

* “culpa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

culpa
* inflection of culpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese culpa, a learned borrowing from Latin culpa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkulpɐ]

#### Noun

culpa f (plural culpas)
* blame, guilt
    A culpa morre solteira (proverb) ― Guilt dies unmarried

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “culpa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “culpa”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “culpa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “culpa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “culpa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

culpa
* inflection of culpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kʷolpā (“wrong, mistake”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷolp-eh₂ (“bend, turn”), from *kʷelp- (“to bend, turn”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkul.pa/, [ˈkʊɫ̪pä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkul.pa/, [ˈkulpä]

#### Noun

culpa f (genitive culpae); first declension
* fault, defect, weakness, frailty, temptation
* blame, guilt
** Titivillus in culpa est.
    Titivillus is at fault [for introducing the errata in a copy of a manuscript].
* crime, punishable act, mischief, sin
    Synonyms: dēlictum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, facinus, iniūria, malum, error, flāgitium, dēlinquentia, commissum, maleficium
    Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs
* specifically, regarding sexual misconduct or unchastity
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.18-19:“[...] sī nōn pertaesum thalamī taedaeque fuisset, huic ūnī forsan potuī succumbere culpae.”“[...] if it had not been [for my] weariness of the marriage torch and bridal chamber, I would have been able to succumb to this one fault.” (Did had pledged never to remarry; cf. Aeneid 4.172. Page, T.E. [1967], notes culpae as “a favorite euphemism in connection with love.”)

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* culpō
* meā culpā

##### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: colpa
** Sicilian: curpa
* North Italian:
** Romansch: cuolpa
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: colpa
** Old French: colpe, coupe, cope, corpe
*** Middle French: coupe, courpe, coulpe (Latinized)
**** French: coulpe
** Occitan: colpa
* Borrowings:
** → Aragonese: culpa
** → Catalan: culpa
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: culpa
*** Galician: culpa
*** Portuguese: culpa
** → Romanian: culpă
** → Old Spanish: culpa
*** Spanish: culpa
** → English: culpa

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “culpa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151

#### Further reading

* “culpa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “culpa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* culpa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* culpa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti to be conscious of no ill deed: nullius culpae sibi conscium esse to be free from blame: extra culpam esse to be almost culpable: affinem esse culpae to put the blame on another: culpam in aliquem conferre, transferre, conicere to attribute the fault to some one: culpam alicui attribuere, assignare to commit some blameworthy action: culpam committere, contrahere to commit some blameworthy action: facinus, culpam in se admittere to bear the blame of a thing: culpam alicuius rei sustinere to exonerate oneself from blame: culpam a se amovere (ambiguous) to be at fault; to blame; culpable: in culpa esse (ambiguous) some one is to blame in a matter; it is some one's fault: culpa alicuius rei est in aliquo (ambiguous) it is my fault: mea culpa est (ambiguous) to be free from blame: culpa carere, vacare (ambiguous) to be free from blame: abesse a culpa (ambiguous) to be almost culpable: prope abesse a culpa
* “culpa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “culpa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cŭlpa”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1497

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

culpā
* second-person singular present active imperative of culpō

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkuw.pɐ/ [ˈkuʊ̯.pɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkuw.pɐ/ [ˈkuʊ̯.pɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈkuw.pa/ [ˈkuʊ̯.pa]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkul.pɐ/ [ˈkuɫ.pɐ]
* Hyphenation: cul‧pa

#### Noun

culpa f (plural culpas)
* fault
* guilt

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:culpa.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

culpa
* inflection of culpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Noun

culpa f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of culpă

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkulpa/ [ˈkul.pa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ulpa
* Syllabification: cul‧pa

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa; cf. the inherited Old Spanish colpa.

#### Noun

culpa f (plural culpas)
* fault
* guilt
* blame

##### Derived terms

* culposo, culposa
* echar la culpa
* libre de culpa (“off the hook, blameless”)

##### Related terms

* culpabilidad
* culpable
* culpar

#### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “culpa”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

culpa
* inflection of culpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “culpa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10