# 壘

| 壘 | U+58D8, &#22744; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D8 |
| ← 壗 [U+58D7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壙 → [U+58D9] |
| 壘 | U+F94A, &#63818; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94A |
| ← 雷 [U+F949] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 屢 → [U+F94B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 壘 |
| Shinjitai | 塁 |
| Simplified | 垒 |

### Han character

壘 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 田田田土 (WWWG), four-corner 6010$_4$, composition ⿱畾土)

#### Derived characters

* 㒦, 𡔁, 㠥, 𢹮, 灅, 𣠠, 𭯭, 𥗬, 𥤐, 𧕫, 鑸, 𰿉, 𪈦, 蘲

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5574
* Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 498, character 3
* Unihan data for U+58D8
* Unihan data for U+F94A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 壘
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
| 騾 | *roːl |
| 螺 | *roːl |
| 蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
| 虆 | *roːl, *rul |
| 瘰 | *roːlʔ |
| 礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 雷 | *ruːl |
| 擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
| 櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鐳 | *ruːl |
| 畾 | *ruːl |
| 轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
| 罍 | *ruːl |
| 蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
| 癗 | *ruːlʔ |
| 磥 | *ruːlʔ |
| 累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
| 儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
| 樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
| 鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
| 嫘 | *rul |
| 纍 | *rul, *ruls |
| 欙 | *rul |
| 纝 | *rul |
| 壘 | *rulʔ |
| 櫐 | *rulʔ |
| 蘽 | *rulʔ |
| 藟 | *rulʔ |
| 讄 | *rulʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rulʔ) : phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl) + semantic 土 (“dirt”)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lěi (lei$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lúi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^3$
*** Yale: lěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^5$
*** Yale: léuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lúi
*** Tâi-lô: luí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lui⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: lwijX
Rime :
| Character | 壘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力軌切 |
| Baxter | lwijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lui$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lwi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lěi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ujʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rulʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lěi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ujʔ/ |
| English | entrenchments |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7746 |
| Phonetic component | 畾 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壘 |
| Old Chinese | /*rulʔ/ |

#### Definitions

壘
* rampart; military wall
    堡壘／堡垒 ― bǎolěi ― fortress
* (baseball) base
    全壘打／全垒打 ― quánlěidǎ ― home run
    盜壘／盗垒 ― dàolěi ― to steal a base
* to pile up

#### Compounds

* 全壘打 / 全垒打 (quánlěidǎ)
* 四郊多壘 / 四郊多垒
* 地壘 / 地垒
* 堡壘 / 堡垒 (bǎolěi)
* 壁壘 / 壁垒 (bìlěi)
* 壁壘分明 / 壁垒分明
* 壁壘森嚴 / 壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán)
* 壘包 / 垒包
* 壘塊 / 垒块
* 壘塹 / 垒堑
* 壘壘 / 垒垒
* 壘球 / 垒球 (lěiqiú)
* 壘砌 / 垒砌 (lěiqì)
* 壘窠兒 / 垒窠儿
* 對壘 / 对垒 (duìlěi)
* 故壘 / 故垒
* 本壘 / 本垒 (běnlěi)
* 深溝堅壘 / 深沟坚垒
* 深溝高壘 / 深沟高垒 (shēngōugāolěi)
* 溝壘 / 沟垒
* 滑壘 / 滑垒
* 滿壘 / 满垒
* 炮壘 / 炮垒
* 營壘 / 营垒 (yínglěi)
* 玉壘山 / 玉垒山
* 盜壘 / 盗垒 (dàolěi)
* 空中堡壘 / 空中堡垒
* 臨軍對壘 / 临军对垒
* 街壘 / 街垒
* 跑壘 / 跑垒
* 酒澆壘塊 / 酒浇垒块
* 關稅壁壘 / 关税壁垒
* 食壘 / 食垒
* 高壁深壘 / 高壁深垒
* 高壘深塹 / 高垒深堑 (gāolěishēnqiàn)
* 高壘深壁 / 高垒深壁 (gāolěishēnbì)
* 高壘深溝 / 高垒深沟 (gāolěishēngōu)
* 魁壘 / 魁垒 (kuílěi)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǜ (lü$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leot$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǜ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
*** Wade–Giles: lü$^4$
*** Yale: lyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
*** Palladius: люй (ljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leot$^6$
*** Yale: leuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵt̚²/

#### Definitions

壘
* Only used in 鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ).

#### Compounds

* 神荼鬱壘 / 神荼郁垒
* 荼壘 / 荼垒 (Shūlǜ)
* 鬱壘 / 郁垒 (Yùlǜ)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): léi (lei$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: léi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: léi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^2$
*** Yale: léi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯³⁵/

#### Definitions

壘
* Used in 磈壘／磈垒.
* Alternative form of 纍 / 累 (léi)
* Alternative form of 蘲 (léi)

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 壘 – see 礧 (“to strike; to hit; to ram; uneven; not smooth; rough; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 礧).

### References

* “壘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 塁 |
| Kyūjitai | 壘 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 塁)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): るい (rui)
* Kun: とりで (toride, 壘)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 壘
* るい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
See 塁.

### Noun

壘(るい) • (rui)
* Kyūjitai form of 塁

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 壘 (MC lwijX). Recorded as Middle Korean 류〯 (lyǔ) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 壘 (eumhun 진 루 (jin ru), word-initial (South Korea) 진 누 (jin nu))
* hanja form of 루/누 (“rampart”)
* hanja form of 루/누 (“(baseball) base”)

#### Compounds

* 누상 (壘上, nusang)
* 누수 (壘手, nusu)
* 도루 (盜壘, doru)
* 만루 (滿壘, mallu)
* 보루 (堡壘, boru)
* 본루 (本壘, bollu)
* 본루타 (本壘打, bolluta)
* 삼루 (三壘, samnu)
* 삼루수 (三壘手, samnusu)
* 삼루타 (三壘打, samnuta)
* 성루 (城壘, seongnu)
* 이루 (二壘, iru)
* 이루수 (二壘手, irusu)
* 이루타 (二壘打, iruta)
* 일루 (一壘, illu)
* 일루수 (一壘手, illusu)
* 일루타 (一壘打, illuta)
* 잔루 (殘壘, jallu)
* 잔루율 (殘壘率, jalluyul)
* 주루 (走壘, juru)
* 진루 (進壘, jillu)
* 진루타 (進壘打, jilluta)
* 출루 (出壘, chullu)
* 출루율 (出壘率, chulluyul)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壘: Hán Nôm readings: lũy/luỹ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.