# 犯罪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fànzuì
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^6$ zeoi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fam-chhui
    (Hailu, HRS): fam$^˖$ cui$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fam$^4$ cui$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): fan$^3$ zui$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huâng-cô̤i
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^5$ zue$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn-chǒe / hoān-chōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^6$ zuê$^6$ / huam$^6$ zuê$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ve-zoe$_6$; $^6$ve-ze$_6$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan$^5$ zei$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fànzuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fànzuèi
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^4$-tsui$^4$
*** Yale: fàn-dzwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanntzuey
*** Palladius: фаньцзуй (fanʹczuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /fæ̃⁴⁴ t͡suei⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^6$ zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: faahn jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^6$ dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^6$ zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-chhui
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam cui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fam$^4$ cui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam$^˖$ cui$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam³³ t͡sʰui³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fam$^4$ cui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^3$ zui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵ t͡suei⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng-cô̤i
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɔy²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^5$ zue$^5$ [Phonetic: hang$^4$ zue$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡suei²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn-chǒe
*** Tâi-lô: huǎn-tsuě
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²² t͡sue²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān-chōe
*** Tâi-lô: huān-tsuē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaxnzoe
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³⁻²¹ t͡sue³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^6$ zuê$^6$ / huam$^6$ zuê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng tsuĕ / huăm tsuĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/, /huam³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ve-zoe$_6$; $^6$ve-ze$_6$
*** MiniDict: ve$^去$ zoe$^去$; ve$^去$ ze$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ve-zoe$_3$; $^3$ve-ze$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²² zø⁴⁴/, /ve²² ze⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^5$ zei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡se̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

### Verb

犯⫽罪 (verb-object)
* (intransitive) to commit a crime
    犯罪頭目／犯罪头目 ― fànzuì tóumù ― crime lord
    跨境犯罪 ― kuàjìng fànzuì ― cross-border crime
    黑惡犯罪／黑恶犯罪 ― hēi'è fànzuì ― underworld crime
    犯罪窩點／犯罪窝点 ― fànzuì wōdiǎn ― crime den
    構成犯罪／构成犯罪 ― gòuchéng fànzuì ― to constitute a crime
    減少犯罪／减少犯罪 ― jiǎnshǎo fànzuì ― to reduce crime
    涉嫌犯罪 ― shèxián fànzuì ― to be suspected of having committed a crime
* (religion, intransitive) to sin
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 羅馬書 (Romans) 3:23
    Yīnwèi shìrén dōu fàn le zuì, kuīquē le Shén de róngyào [Pinyin]
    For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God

#### Synonyms

* 作案 (zuò'àn)
* 得罪 (dézuì) (literary)
* 犯法 (fànfǎ)
* 犯科 (fànkē) (formal)
* 獲罪 / 获罪 (huòzuì)
* 違法 / 违法 (wéifǎ)

### Adjective

犯罪
* (medicine, attributive) culprit (vessel, lesion, etc.)
    犯罪血管 ― fànzuì xuèguǎn ― culprit vessel

### Derived terms

* 仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì)
* 單位犯罪 / 单位犯罪 (dānwèi fànzuì)
* 少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
* 性犯罪 (xìngfànzuì)
* 有組織犯罪 / 有组织犯罪 (yǒuzǔzhī fànzuì)
* 犯罪事實 / 犯罪事实 (fànzuì shìshí)
* 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
* 犯罪嫌疑人 (fànzuì xiányírén)
* 犯罪學 / 犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
* 犯罪心理 (fànzuì xīnlǐ)
* 犯罪意圖 / 犯罪意图 (fànzuì yìtú)
* 犯罪故意 (fànzuì gùyì)
* 犯罪暗數 / 犯罪暗数 (fànzuì ànshù)
* 犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
* 犯罪現場 / 犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
* 犯罪組織 / 犯罪组织 (fànzuì zǔzhī)
* 犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
* 犯罪行為 / 犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
* 犯罪記錄 / 犯罪记录 (fànzuì jìlù)
* 網絡犯罪 / 网络犯罪 (wǎngluò fànzuì)
* 青少年犯罪 (qīngshàonián fànzuì)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 犯罪(はんざい) (hanzai)
* → Korean: 범죄(犯罪) (beomjoe)
* → Vietnamese: phạm tội (犯罪)
Others:
* → Lingao: fam⁴ soi⁴

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 犯 | 罪 |
| はん Grade: 5 | ざい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんざい [hàńzáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [hã̠nd͡za̠i]

### Noun

犯(はん)罪(ざい) • (hanzai) (counter 件)
* (law) a crime; an act that breaks law
    異世界(いせかい)犯罪(はんざい)者集団(しゃしゅうだん)ギャングラー
       isekai hanzai shashūdan gyangurā
       Interdimensional Crime Group Gangler

#### Derived terms

* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく) (hanzaigaku)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく)者(しゃ) (hanzaigakusha)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)行(こう)為(い) (hanzaikōi)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)事(じ)実(じつ) (hanzaijijitsu)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (hanzaisha)
* 戦(せん)争(そう)犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (sensōhanzaisha)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り) (hanzaishinri)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (hanzaishinrigaku)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)捜(そう)査(さ) (hanzaisōsa)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ) (hanzaiyōgi)
* 犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (hanzaiyōgisha)
* 性(せい)犯(はん)罪(ざい) (seihanzai)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 犯 | 罪 |

### Noun

犯罪 • (beomjoe) (hangeul 범죄)
* hanja form of 범죄 (“crime”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 犯 | 罪 |

### Verb

犯罪
* chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“to commit a crime”).

### Adjective

犯罪
* chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“guilty; culpable”).