# gorfod
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* gorod

### Etymology

gor- (“super-, over-”) +‎ bod (“to be”). Cf. Old Irish fortá (“to remain, to be superior to”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard) IPA: /ˈɡɔrvɔd/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈɡɔrɔd/, /ˈɡɔrɔ/
* (South Wales, standard) IPA: /ˈɡɔrvɔd/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈɡɔrfɔd/, /ˈɡɔfɔd/, /ˈɡɔfɔ/

### Verb

gorfod (first-person singular present gorfyddaf)
* (transitive) to have to, must
    Synonym: bod rhaid i

#### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present/future | gorfyddaf | gorfyddi | cyferfydd | gorfyddwn | gorfyddwch | gorfyddant | gorfyddir |
| imperfect/conditional | gorfyddwn | gorfyddit | gorfyddai | gorfyddem | gorfyddech | gorfyddent | gorfyddid |
| preterite | gorfûm, gorfyddais | gorfuost, gorfyddaist | gorfu, gorfyddodd | gorfuom, gorfyddasom | gorfuoch, gorfyddasoch | gorfuant, gorfyddasant | gorfuwyd |
| pluperfect | gorfuaswn | gorfuasit | gorfuasai | gorfuasem | gorfuasech | gorfuasent | gorfuasid |
| subjunctive | gorfyddwyf | gorfyddych | gorfyddo | gorfyddom | gorfyddoch | gorfyddont | gorfydder |
| imperative | — | gorfydda | gorfydded | gorfyddwn | gorfyddwch | gorfyddent | gorfydder |
| verbal noun | gorfod | gorfod | gorfod | gorfod | gorfod | gorfod | gorfod |
| verbal adjectives | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy | gorfyddedig gorfyddadwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | gorfydda i, gorfyddaf i | gorfyddi di | gorfydd o/e/hi | gorfyddwn ni | gorfyddwch chi | gorfyddan nhw |
| conditional | gorfyddwn i, gorfyddswn i | gorfyddet ti, gorfyddset ti | gorfyddai fo/fe/hi, gorfyddsai fo/fe/hi | gorfydden ni, gorfyddsen ni | gorfyddech chi, gorfyddsech chi | gorfydden nhw, gorfyddsen nhw |
| preterite | gorfues i | gorfuest ti | gorfuodd o/e/hi | gorfuon ni | gorfuoch chi | gorfuon nhw |
| imperative | — | gorfydda | — | — | gorfyddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

#### Derived terms

* gorfodwr (“victor”)
* gorfodiad (“compulsion”)
* gorfodadwy (“enforceable, surmountable”)

### Noun

gorfod f or m (plural gorfodau)
* victory, triumph, supremacy
** success
* obligation, necessity

#### Derived terms

* cael y gorfod (“to triumph”)
* ciwed orfod (“press-gang”)
* dan orfod, yng ngorfod (“under obligation, obliged”)
* gorfodaeth (“compulsion, enforcement”)
* (law) gorfodeb (“injunction”)
* gorfodedd (“supremacy, dominance”)
* gorfodi (“to force, to compel”)
* gorfodog (“victorious, triumphant”)
* gorfodol, gorfodus (“obligatory, compulsory”)
* gorfodrif (“majority”)
* (historical) gorfotref (“subdivision of a feudal estate”)
* o orfod, trwy orfod (“by necessity, obligatorily”)

### Adjective

gorfod (feminine singular gorfod, plural gorfod, not comparable)
* victorious, successful
    Synonyms: buddugol, gorchfygol, buddugol, llwyddiannus
* compulsory, mandatory, obligatory
    Synonyms: gorfodol, diriol, rhwymedig

#### Derived terms

* gŵr gorfod (“victor”)
* llafur gorfod (“forced labour”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorfod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies