# 桐

| 桐 | U+6850, &#26704; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6850 |
| ← 桏 [U+684F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桑 → [U+6851] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桐 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木月一口 (DBMR), four-corner 4792$_0$, composition ⿰木同)

#### Derived characters

* 𫈷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14770
* Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1198, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6850

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tung$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùng
* Jin (Wiktionary): tung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tông / tâng / thâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^5$ / tang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$don
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dùng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông / tâng / thâng
*** Tâi-lô: tông / tâng / thâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong, daang, taang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/, /taŋ¹³/, /tʰaŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/, /taŋ²³/, /tʰaŋ²³/
* tông - literary;
* tâng/thâng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: duwng
Rime :
| Character | 桐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 |
| Baxter | duwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12449 |
| Phonetic component | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋ/ |

### Definitions

桐
* various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia
* a surname

### Compounds

* 刺桐 (cìtóng, “Indian coral tree”)
* 大岩桐
* 山桐子 (shāntóngzi)
* 廣東油桐 / 广东油桐
* 桐人
* 桐君
* 桐城派
* 桐宮 / 桐宫 (Tónggōng)
* 桐山 (Tóngshān)
* 桐木漯 (Tóngmùluò)
* 桐棺三寸
* 桐油 (tóngyóu)
* 桐生茂豫
* 桐花煙 / 桐花烟
* 桐花鳳 / 桐花凤
* 桐鄉 / 桐乡 (Tóngxiāng)
* 梧桐 (wútóng)
* 楊桐 / 杨桐
* 泡桐 (pāotóng)
* 油桐 (yóutóng)
* 海桐
* 海桐科
* 海桐花
* 焦桐
* 珙桐 (gǒngtóng)
* 白桐
* 福祿桐 / 福禄桐
* 空桐樹 / 空桐树
* 絲桐 / 丝桐
* 罌子桐 / 罂子桐
* 美桐 (měitóng, “American planetree”)
* 胡桐 (hútóng)
* 草海桐
* 莿桐 (cìtóng)
* 蓮葉桐 / 莲叶桐
* 血桐
* 野桐

### References

* “桐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* paulownia

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずう (zū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
* Kun: きり (kiri, 桐)
* Nanori: ひさ (hisa)、き (ki)

#### Compounds

* 桐城派(とうじょうは) (Tōjō-ha)
* 桐塑(とうそ) (tōso)
* 桐油(とうゆ) (tōyu)
* 梧桐(ごとう) (gotō)
* 高桐院(こうとういん) (Kōtōin)
* 糸桐(しとう) (shitō)
* 海桐(とべら), 海桐花(とべら) (tobera)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 桐
* きり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. The tree may have been imported from China prior to the Nara period.
The term might be from 切り (kiri, “cutting”), from the way that the tree is quick to send out shoots after being cut.
Some sources also speculate that this might be from some term 木理 (*kiri, “wood grain”) in reference to the desirable grain of this wood. However, 木理 is only attested with the reading mokuri, not kiri; also, the term is not attested until the 1830s, before which the Japanese terms for wood grain were 木目 (mokume, from the mid-1500s) or 木目 (kime, from the 1200s).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きり [kìrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲiɾʲi]

### Noun

桐(きり) or 桐(キリ) • (kiri)
* [from 700s] the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa
    Hypernym: 胡麻の葉草 (goma no hagusa)
* [date uncertain] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves
* [from 1781] (card games) the paulownia suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December
    Hyponym: 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐
* [from 1798] (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither)
    from the wood of the paulownia used as the soundboard
    Synonym: 琴 (koto)
* [from 1815] (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban)
    from the markings of paulownia crests on the coins

#### Derived terms

* 桐麻(きりあさ) (kiriasa)
* 桐(きり)油(あぶら) (kiri abura)
* 桐紙(きりがみ) (kirigami)
* 桐(きり)ヶ谷(やつ) (kirigayatsu)
* 桐崎(きりさき) (Kirisaki)
* 桐高(きりたか) (Kiritaka)
* 桐竹(きりたけ) (kiritake)
* 桐壺(きりつぼ) (Kiritsubo)
* 桐(きり)に鳳凰(ほうおう) (kiri ni hōō)
* 桐(きり)野(の) (Kirino)
* 桐(きり)の木(き)炭(ずみ) (kiri no kizumi)
* 桐(きり)の薹(とう) (kiri no tō)
* 桐(きり)畑(ばたけ) (kiribatake)
* 桐原(きりはら) (Kirihara)
* 桐(きり)火(ひ)桶(おけ) (kiri hioke)
* 桐(きり)油(ゆ) (kiriyu)
* 桐生(きりゅう) (Kiryū)
* 青桐(あおぎり) (aogiri)
* 秋桐(あきぎり) (akigiri)
* 油(あぶら)桐(ぎり) (aburagiri)
* 飯桐(いいぎり), 椅(いいぎり) (iigiri)
* 犬桐(いぬぎり) (inugiri)
* 岩桐(いわぎり)草(そう) (iwagirisō)
* 大(おお)内(うち)桐(ぎり) (ōuchi-giri)
* 片桐(かたぎり) (Katagiri)
* 菊桐(きくきり) (kikukiri)
* 臭桐(くさぎり) (kusagiri)
* 五三(ごさん)の桐(きり) (gosan no kiri)
* 五(ご)七(しち)の桐(きり) (goshichi no kiri)
* 三方(さんぼう)桐(ぎり) (sanbō-giri)
* 縞桐(しまぎり) (shimagiri)
* 総桐(そうぎり) (sōgiri)
* 太閤(たいこう)桐(ぎり) (taikō-giri)
* 唐桐(とうぎり) (tōgiri)
* 蓮(はすの)葉(は)桐(ギリ), 蓮(はす)の葉(は)桐(ぎり) (hasu no ha-giri)
* 針桐(はりぎり) (harigiri)
* 緋(ひ)桐(ぎり) (higiri)
* 前桐(まえぎり) (maegiri)
* 山桐(やまぎり) (yamagiri)
* 焼(や)き桐(ぎり) (yakigiri)

#### Idioms

* 桐(きり)一(ひと)葉(は) (kiri hitoha)

### Proper noun

桐(きり) • (Kiri)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ “桐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 桐 at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Han character

桐 (transliteration needed)
* Nôm form of toòng.

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桐: Hán Nôm readings: đồng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.