# 醪

| 醪 | U+91AA, &#37290; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91AA |
| ← 醩 [U+91A9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 醫 → [U+91AB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

醪 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田尸一竹 (MWSMH), four-corner 1762$_2$, composition ⿰酉翏)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1287, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40004
* Dae Jaweon: page 1787, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3597, character 2
* Unihan data for U+91AA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 醪 | *ruːw |
| 嫪 | *ruːw, *rɯːws |
| 嘐 | *ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw |
| 賿 | *rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ |
| 顟 | *rrɯːw |
| 膠 | *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw |
| 轇 | *krɯːw |
| 摎 | *krɯːw, *rɯw |
| 髎 | *riw, *rɯːw |
| 熮 | *riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ |
| 廖 | *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws |
| 憀 | *rɯːw, *rɯw |
| 豂 | *rɯːw |
| 漻 | *rɯːw |
| 翏 | *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws |
| 寥 | *rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ |
| 蓼 | *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ |
| 鄝 | *rɯːwʔ |
| 鷚 | *mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 繆 | *mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ |
| 勠 | *rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 疁 | *rɯw |
| 飂 | *rɯw, *rɯws |
| 鏐 | *rɯw, *rɯw |
| 僇 | *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 瘳 | *r̥ʰɯw |
| 璆 | *ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 謬 | *mrɯws |
| 蟉 | *ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ |
| 樛 | *krɯw |
| 磟 | *ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ |
| 戮 | *rɯwɢ |
| 剹 | *rɯwɢ |
| 穋 | *rɯwɢ |

### Etymology

Sino-Tibetan: Tibetan རུ་མ (ru ma, “curdled milk”), Jingpho ru$^{31}$- (“liquor”). Similar-looking words in Tai-Kadai may be Han or post-Han loans; cf. Proto-Tai *ʰlawꟲ (“liquor”) (Thai เหล้า (lâo)) (Schuessler, 2007).
Compare also Proto-Vietic *raːwʔ, whence Vietnamese rượu, Muong Bi rão, Tho [Cuối Chăm] riɛw⁴, Proto-Pong *riɛw⁴.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láo (lao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lo$^5$ / lao$^5$ / liao$^5$ / liou$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): lo$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láo
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^2$
*** Yale: láu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
*** Palladius: лао (lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^4$
*** Yale: lòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
*** Tâi-lô: lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: looi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lo$^5$ / lao$^5$ / liao$^5$ / liou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô / lâu / liâu / liôu
*** Sinological IPA : /lo⁵⁵/, /lau⁵⁵/, /liau⁵⁵/, /liou⁵⁵/
* lo5 - vernacular;
* lao5, liao5/liou5 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: law
Rime :
| Character | 醪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯刀切 |
| Baxter | law |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /law/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ruːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 醪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8343 |
| Phonetic component | 翏 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勞 |
| Old Chinese | /*ruːw/ |

### Definitions

醪
* alcohol with dregs
* jiuniang (sweet, soup- or pudding-like dish in Chinese cuisine)
    Synonym: 醪糟 (láozāo)
* alcoholic beverage in general
* (Southern Min) murky; muddy; turbid; unclear
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; viscous

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 渾濁, 混濁 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 渾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 渾 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 渾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 渾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 濁 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 渾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 渾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 溷 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 渾, 濁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 渾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醪, 醪濁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 渾 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 渾 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 渾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 渾 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 稠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稠, 糨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 稠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 厚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稠, 厚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 稠, 糨, 糊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 稠, 乾, 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釅, 稠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 厚, 稠, 乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 厚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 厚, 乾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 杰, 醹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𤄷, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 杰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 及 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 濃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 濃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醹, 結 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 醹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醹, 濃, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 濃, 稠 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 竭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 竭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 濃 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 厚 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 硬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稠 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 𬇴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 洘, 洽, 汔, 𠕇, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 𠕇, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 糊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 洘 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 洘, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 汔, 釅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 乾, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 洘, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 杰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 洘, 渴 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 渴 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 洘 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 洘 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 濃 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 濃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 厚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 乾 |
| Wu | Danyang | 乾, 厚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 饘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 厚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 釅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 濃 |

### Compounds

* 單醪 / 单醪
* 投醪
* 濁醪 / 浊醪
* 醇醪
* 醪糟 (láozāo)
* 醪醴

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* unrefined sake or shoyu

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ろう (rō)
* Kun: どぶろく (doburoku)、にごりざけ (nigorizake)、もろみ (moromi)

## Korean
### Hanja

醪 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

醪: Hán Nôm readings: lao
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.