# 菁

| 菁 | U+83C1, &#33729; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83C1 |
| ← 菀 [U+83C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菂 → [U+83C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菁 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿手一月 (TQMB), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹青)
* flower of leek family
* turnip

#### Derived characters

* 𠎐, 𫻄, 𫋛, 𮯖, 𣃄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1036, character 45
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31136
* Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3227, character 6
* Unihan data for U+83C1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^1$ / zing$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chheⁿ / chhiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^1$ / zing$^1$
*** Yale: chīng / jīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^1$ / dzing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^1$ / jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chheⁿ / chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsing / tshenn / tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, zhvef, chvy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/, /t͡sʰẽ³³/, /t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsjeng
Rime :
| Character | 菁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子盈切 |
| Baxter | tsjeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11328 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 精 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleŋ/ |

### Definitions

菁
* (literary, obsolete) garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum)
    Synonym: 韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā)
* (literary, obsolete) flowers
* Brassica
    蕪菁／芜菁 ― wújīng ― turnip
* Used in 菁菁 (jīngjīng, “luxuriant”).
* (Southern Min) betel nut
    菁仔 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― (unprocessed) betel
* (Eastern Min) common reed
    Synonym: 蘆葦 / 芦苇 (lúwěi)

### Compounds

* 作育菁莪
* 去蕪存菁 / 去芜存菁 (qùwúcúnjīng)
* 田菁
* 茶菁
* 菁仔 (chheⁿ-á)
* 菁仔欉 (chheⁿ-á-châng)
* 菁桐
* 菁湖 (Jīnghú)
* 菁芳草
* 菁英 (jīngyīng)
* 菁茅
* 菁英分子
* 菁莪
* 菁華 / 菁华 (jīnghuá)
* 菁菁 (jīngjīng)
* 蔓菁
* 蕪菁 / 芜菁 (wújīng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: かぶ (kabu)、かぶらな (kaburana)、はなやか (hanayaka)

#### Compounds

* 蕪菁(かぶら) (kabura): turnip

## Korean
### Hanja

菁 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菁: Hán Nôm readings: thanh, tinh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.