# शुद्ध
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʃʊd̪(ː)ʱ]

### Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شدھ)
* pure, unpolluted
    Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)
    शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.Pure gold is very expensive.
    परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.
* correct
    Synonym: सही (sahī)
    समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.This is not the correct method for solving the problem.
    तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.Your pronunciation is correct.
* net
    आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था?āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā?What was the net profit for today?
* (of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords
    Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)
    शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi
* (Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name
    शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण ― śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ
* (Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note
    शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād

#### Antonyms

* अशुद्ध (aśuddh)

#### Derived terms

* शुद्ध करना (śuddh karnā, “to purify”)

#### Related terms

* अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
* अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
* अशुद्धि (aśuddhi)
* परिशुद्ध (pariśuddh)
* परिशुद्धि (pariśuddhi)
* शुद्धता (śuddhatā)
* शुद्धाद्वैत (śuddhādvait)
* शुद्धि (śuddhi)
* शुद्धिकरण (śuddhikraṇ)
* शुद्धिकारक (śuddhikārak)
* शुद्धिपत्र (śuddhipatra)
* शुद्धिवादी (śuddhivādī)
* शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Marathi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕud̪.d̪ʱə/

### Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)
* pure; clear; clean
    हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.he pāṇī śuddha āhe.This water is pure.
* true; blameless; acquitted
* right; free from error; faultless
* accurate
* simple; unmixed

#### Derived terms

* जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
* शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
* শুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* ၐုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
* શુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
* ಶುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
* ឝុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
* ຨຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
* ശുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
* ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
* ශුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
* ஶுத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
* శుద్ధ (Telugu script)
* ศุทฺธ (Thai script)
* ཤུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

शुध् (śudh) +‎ -त (-tá).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕud.dʱɐ́/, [ɕud̚.dʱɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈɕud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

### Participle

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) past passive participle (root शुध्)
* past passive participle of शुध् (śudh); purified

### Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddhá) stem
* pure; clear; clean
** c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ.He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.
* true; blameless; acquitted
* right; free from error; faultless
* accurate
* simple; unmixed

#### Derived terms

* अशुद्ध (aśuddha)
* अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
* परिशुद्ध (pariśuddha)
* शुद्धता (śuddhatā)

#### Related terms

* शुद्धि (śuddhi)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: họ̆du
    Arabic script: ہۄادُ
    Devanagari script: हौदु
    Sharada script: 𑆲𑆿𑆢𑆶
* Pali: suddha
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (suddha)
** Central:
*** Hindustani: sudh, sūdhā, sudhnā
**** Hindi: सुध, सूधा, सुधना
**** Urdu: سُدھ, سُودھا, سُدھنا
*** Romani: šudžo
** Eastern:
*** Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
*** Middle Bengali: শুধ (śudho)
**** Bengali: শুধু (śudhu)
*** Odia: ଶୁଧାଇବା (śudhāibā)
** Northern:
*** Central Pahari:
**** Kumaoni: सुदो (sudo)
*** Eastern Pahari:
**** Nepali: सुधो (sudho)
** Northwestern:
*** Punjabi: suddhā
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੁੱਧਾ
    Shahmukhi script: سُدّھا
*** Sindhi: sūdho
    Arabic script: سُوڌو
    Devanagari script: सूधो
** Southern:
*** Dhivehi: ހުދު (hudu)
*** Marathi: सुधा (sudhā), सुदा (sudā)
*** Sinhalese: සුදු (sudu), හුදු (hudu)
** Western:
*** Marwari: सूधो (sūdho)
*** Old Gujarati: सूध (sūdha), सूधउ (sūdhaü)
**** Gujarati: સૂધું (sūdhũ)
Learned borrowings
* → Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
* → Kannada: ಶುದ್ಧ (śuddha)
* → Malayalam: ശുദ്ധം (śuddhaṁ)
* → Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
* → Old Javanese: śuddha
** Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢ (suda, “to decrease, to diminish”), ꦱꦸꦝꦃ (sudhah, “to unload, to unpack”)
** → Balinese: ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ→ᬰᬸᬥ (suda, “pure, honourable (mind), righteous; clean, holy; cure”)
* → Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Monier Williams (1899) “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śuddha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press