# εὐθύνω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἰθύνω (ithúnō) — Homeric

### Etymology

Denominal verb from εὐθύτης (euthútēs, “straightness”), from εὐθύς (euthús, “straight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eu̯.tʰy̌ː.nɔː/ → /eɸˈθy.no/ → /efˈθi.no/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /eu̯.tʰy̌ː.nɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ewˈtʰy.no/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eɸˈθy.no/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /efˈθy.no/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /efˈθi.no/

### Verb

εὐθῡ́νω • (euthū́nō)
* to guide straight, direct
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 289
** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1739
** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 15
** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 39
** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 728
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Demonicus 32
** New Testament, Epistle of James 3:4
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 542
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.1.2
** to direct, govern
*** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 773
*** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 9
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Minos 320d
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 178
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1164
* to make straight
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 13.28
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.46
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.153
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 325d
** 638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 4.37
* to examine someone's conduct
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1271a6
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1419a31
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 299a
** (with genitive, of a criminal) to call to account for
*** 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Fragments 90
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cicero 9
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.95
** to refute, censure
*** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Piety 67
*** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Phenomena and Inferences 30
*** AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 3.6.13
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Nicias 1
** to examine by torture
*** 500 CE – 565 CE, Procopius, The Gothic War 3.32

#### Derived terms

* ἀνευθύνω (aneuthúnō)
* ἀπευθύνω (apeuthúnō)
* δῐευθύνω (dĭeuthúnō)
* ἐξευθύνω (exeuthúnō)
* ἐπευθύνω (epeuthúnō)
* κᾰτευθύνω (kăteuthúnō)
* μετευθύνω (meteuthúnō)
* πᾰρευθύνω (păreuthúnō)
* προσευθύνω (proseuthúnō)
* σῠνευθύνω (sŭneuthúnō)

#### Related terms

* ἀνεύθυντος (aneúthuntos)
* εὔθῡνᾰ (eúthūnă)
* εὔθῡνος (eúthūnos)
* εὔθῡνσις (eúthūnsis)
* εὔθῡντέον (eúthūntéon)
* εὔθῡντήρ (eúthūntḗr)
* εὔθῡντήριος (eúthūntḗrios)
* εὔθῡντής (eúthūntḗs)
* εὔθῡντῐκός (eúthūntĭkós)
* εὔθῡντός (eúthūntós)
* εὐθυσμός (euthusmós)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εὐθύς (> DER > εὐθύνω)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479

### Further reading

* “εὐθύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “εὐθύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* εὐθύνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “εὐθύνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2116 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible