# 蹇

| 蹇 | U+8E47, &#36423; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E47 |
| ← 蹆 [U+8E46] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蹈 → [U+8E48] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蹇 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金人 (JTCO) or 難十廿金人 (XJTCO), four-corner 3080$_1$, composition ⿱𡨄足)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1230, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37741
* Dae Jaweon: page 1702, character 40
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3731, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8E47

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 蹇
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 寒 | *ɡaːn |
| 蹇 | *kranʔ, *kanʔ |
| 謇 | *kranʔ |
| 搴 | *kranʔ, *kʰran |
| 藆 | *kranʔ |
| 騫 | *kʰran |
| 褰 | *kʰran |
| 攐 | *kʰran |
| 鑳 | *ɡranʔ |
| 寋 | *ɡanʔ |
| 鶱 | *qʰan |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kranʔ, *kanʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 寒 (OC *ɡaːn) + semantic 足 (“foot”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎn, qiān (jian$^3$, qian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ, ㄑㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^2$ / zin$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^2$ / zin$^2$
*** Yale: gín / jín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^2$ / dzin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^2$ / jin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn³⁵/, /t͡siːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kián
*** Tâi-lô: kián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: kjonX, kjenX
Rime :
| Character | 蹇 | 蹇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居偃切 | 九輦切 |
| Baxter | kjonX | kjenX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐn$^X$/ | /kˠiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐn$^X$/ | /kᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɐn$^X$/ | /kiæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨan$^X$/ | /kian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐn$^X$/ | /kjɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐn$^X$/ | /kĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɨ̯ɐn$^X$/ | /ki̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎn | jiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^2$ | gin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kranʔ/, /*kanʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蹇 | 蹇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4871 | 4880 |
| Phonetic component | 寒 | 寒 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蹇 | 湕 |
| Old Chinese | /*kranʔ/ | /*kanʔ/ |

### Definitions

蹇
* (literary) lame; crippled
* (literary) difficult; hard; unlucky
* (literary) dull; stupid; dumb
* (literary) arrogant; haughty
* (literary) lame donkey or inferior horse
* (literary) stutter
* (literary) Sentence-initial particle.
* ䷦,39th hexagram of the I Ching
* a surname
    蹇先佛 ― Jiǎn Xiānfó ― Jian Xianfo (former Electric Industry vice-minister of China)

### Compounds

* 乖蹇
* 偃蹇
* 偃蹇困窮 / 偃蹇困穷
* 命蹇
* 命蹇時乖 / 命蹇时乖
* 屯蹇 (zhūnjiǎn)
* 數奇命蹇 / 数奇命蹇
* 時乖命蹇 / 时乖命蹇
* 時乖運蹇 / 时乖运蹇
* 策蹇
* 緣慳命蹇 / 缘悭命蹇
* 跛蹇 (bǒjiǎn)
* 蹇促
* 蹇修
* 蹇傴 / 蹇伛
* 蹇兔
* 蹇剝 / 蹇剥
* 蹇吃
* 蹇味兒 / 蹇味儿
* 蹇滯 / 蹇滞 (jiǎnzhì)
* 蹇澀 / 蹇涩
* 蹇產 / 蹇产
* 蹇緩 / 蹇缓
* 蹇落
* 蹇諤之風 / 蹇谔之风
* 蹇蹇
* 蹇連 / 蹇连
* 蹇運 / 蹇运
* 蹇驢 / 蹇驴
* 運乖時蹇 / 运乖时蹇
* 運蹇時乖 / 运蹇时乖
* 驕蹇 / 骄蹇

### References

* “蹇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cripple

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 蹇 (MC kjonX):
* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
From Middle Chinese 蹇 (MC kjenX):
* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: あしなえ (ashinae, 蹇)、かかげる (kakageru, 蹇げる)、なえぐ (naegu, 蹇ぐ)、なやむ (nayamu)

#### Compounds

* 蹇(けん)諤(がく), 蹇(けん)愕(がく) (kengaku)
* 蹇(けん)吃(きつ) (kenkitsu)
* 蹇(けん)喫(きつ) (kenkitsu)
* 蹇(けん)侷(きょく) (kenkyoku)
* 蹇(けん)蹇(けん) (kenken)
* 蹇(けん)産(さん), 蹇(けん)滻(さん) (kensan)
* 蹇(けん)脩(しゅう) (kenshū)
* 蹇(けん)渋(じゅう) (kenjū)
* 蹇(けん)裳(しょう) (kenshō)
* 蹇(けん)足(そく) (kensoku)
* 蹇(けん)滞(たい) (kentai)
* 蹇(けん)躓(ち) (kenchi)
* 蹇(けん)跛(ぱ) (kenpa)
* 蹇(けん)剝(はく) (kenhaku)
* 蹇(けん)歩(ぽ) (kenpo)
* 蹇(けん)劣(れつ) (kenretsu)
* 蹇(けん)連(れん) (kenren)
* 蹇(けん)驢(ろ) (kenro)
* 偃(えん)蹇(けん) (enken)
* 窮(きゅう)蹇(けん) (kyūken)
* 驕(きょう)蹇(けん) (kyōken)
* 驁(ごう)蹇(けん) (gōken)
* 屯(ちゅん)蹇(けん) (chunken)
* 駑(ど)蹇(けん) (doken)
* 跛(は)蹇(けん) (haken)
* 連(れん)蹇(けん) (renken)

## Korean
### Hanja

蹇 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蹇: Hán Nôm readings: kiễng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.