OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# beg the question
## English
### Etymology

From Latin petitio principii, from Ancient Greek τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ αἰτεῖσθαι (tò en arkhêi aiteîsthai, “to assume from the beginning”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

beg the question (third-person singular simple present begs the question, present participle begging the question, simple past and past participle begged the question)
* (philosophy, logic, law) To engage in the logical fallacy of begging the question (petitio principii).
** 1994, D. N. Walton, “Begging the question as a pragmatic fallacy.”, in Synthese, volume 100, number 1:The objection is that the argument begs the question, meaning that the premise, that God has all the virtues, assumes the conclusion, that God is benevolent.
* To sidestep or fail to address a question.
** 1860, Henry Adams, letter, 6 May
    However I hope we shall do better as we go on and as long as there's no dodging or begging the question on our side, I'm not afraid.
* (sometimes proscribed) To raise or prompt a question.
    Three people were hurt in the fire at the warehouse last night, which begs the question: what were they doing there in the first place?
** 2024 March 6, Steve Edwards discusses with Anthony Lambert, “The bedrock of urban renewal”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 35:Invariably, the principal object is to improve air quality. But those constraints beg the question: why has no city followed Nottingham's example of a workplace parking levy, which has generated about £10 million a year to finance the city's tram system?

#### Usage notes

* The first sense is not well understood except in specialized contexts, such as in academic and in legal argument. It is based on a sense of beg which is no longer common. It was a poor translation of the original term and was an inadequate description of the fallacy.
* The sense "sidestep or evade a question" is a simple development of the original sense that uses the expression to include any evasion rather than only one based on the logical fallacy.
* The sense “raise a question, prompt a question” is more recent and has been proscribed by some commentators, but is now included without comment in some dictionaries. Others suggest that the phrase is hard to understand in any event, and should be avoided, using instead phrases such as “assume the conclusion” (for philosophical sense), "evade the question" for failure to address the question, and “raise the question” or “prompt the question” (for the last sense).

#### Related terms

* begging the question

#### Translations
### See also

* question the question

### References

* Michael Quinion (2004) “Beg the question”, in Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, →ISBN.
# -èl
## Occitan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Suffix

-èl
* Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms.

#### Derived terms
### See also

* -enc
* -és
# պատասխանի
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* պատասխան (patasxan) — post-Classical

### Etymology

From earlier *պատսախանի (*patsaxani), borrowed from an Iranian compound equivalent to Old Iranian *pati-saxwan-iya-, from Proto-Iranian *cánhati; see there for more. The form պատասխան (patasxan) is a later development.

### Noun

պատասխանի • (patasxani)
* answer, explanation
    հրաման պատասխանւոյ ― hraman patasxanwoy ― oracle
    պատասխանի առնել ― patasxani aṙnel ― to answer, to reply, to make answer to
    պատասխանի տալ ― patasxani tal ― to answer for; to defend, excuse or justify oneself
    տալ վասն անձին պատասխանի ― tal vasn anjin patasxani ― to plead one's own cause

#### Usage notes

Often abbreviated as պտ՟ (pt.) = պատասխանի (patasxani).

#### Derived terms

* անպատասխան (anpatasxan)
* անպատասխանատուութիւն (anpatasxanatuutʻiwn)
* անպատասխանելի (anpatasxaneli)
* անպատասխանի (anpatasxani)
* պատասխանաբանութիւն (patasxanabanutʻiwn)
* պատասխանական (patasxanakan)
* պատասխանատու (patasxanatu)
* պատասխանատութիւն (patasxanatutʻiwn)
* պատասխանատուութիւն (patasxanatuutʻiwn)
* պատասխանատրեմ (patasxanatrem)
* պատասխանատրութիւն (patasxanatrutʻiwn)
* պատասխանարան (patasxanaran)
* պատասխանեմ (patasxanem)
* պատասխանիմ (patasxanim)
* պատասխանութիւն (patasxanutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: պատասխան (patasxan)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “պատասխանի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “պատասխանի”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Tumanjan, Eteri (1971) Древнеармянский язык [The Old Armenian Language]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 19
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 901
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պատասխանի”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# פעימה
## Hebrew

* Root
* פ־ע־ם (p-ʿ-m)
* 4 terms

### Noun

פְּעִימָה • (pe'imá) f [pattern: קְטִילָה]
* stroke (time when a clock strikes)
* beat

### References

* “פעימה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* פעימה on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# איש
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־נ־שׁ (ʾ-n-sh)
* 7 terms

### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʔinš- (“man, person”). See also *ʔināš- (“human”). Compare cognates in other Semitic languages (e.g. Moabite, Aramaic, etc.) ('šm in some).

### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʔiːʃ/
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔiːʃ/, [ˈʔiː.iʃ]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /ˈʔiʃ/, [ˈʔiːʃ]
* (Persian Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)iʃ/
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /iʃ/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)iʃ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

אִישׁ • ('ish) m (plural indefinite אֲנָשִׁים, singular construct אִישׁ־, plural construct אַנְשֵׁי־, feminine counterpart אישה / אִשָּׁה)
* A man, adult male human being.
* husband (a man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse)
** Tanach, 2 Kings 4:26, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:עַתָּה רוּץ נָא לִקְרָאתָהּ וֶאֱמָר לָהּ הֲשָׁלוֹם לָךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לְאִישֵׁךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לַיָּלֶד וַתֹּאמֶר שָׁלוֹם.atá rúts ná lik'ratáh ve'emár láh hashalóm lákh hashalóm l'ishékh hashalóm layéled vatómer shalómRun, I pray thee, now to meet her, and say unto her: Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child?' And she answered: 'It is well.'

#### Declension

| Number | Isolated forms | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns |
| Number | State | Form | Person | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Number | State | Form | Person | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| singular | indefinite | אִישׁ | first | אִישִׁי | אִישִׁי | אִישֵׁנוּ | אִישֵׁנוּ |
| singular | definite | הָאִישׁ | second | אִישְׁךָ | אִישֵׁךְ | אִישְׁכֶם | אִישְׁכֶן |
| singular | construct | אִישׁ־ | third | אִישׁוֹ | אִישָׁהּ | אִישָׁם | אִישָׁן |
| plural | indefinite | אֲנָשִׁים | first | אנשיי / אֲנָשַׁי | אנשיי / אֲנָשַׁי | אֲנָשֵׁינוּ | אֲנָשֵׁינוּ |
| plural | definite | הָאֲנָשִׁים | second | אֲנָשֶׁיךָ | אנשייך / אֲנָשַׁיִךְ | אַנְשֵׁיכֶם | אַנְשֵׁיכֶן |
| plural | construct | אַנְשֵׁי־ | third | אֲנָשָׁיו | אֲנָשֶׁיהָ | אַנְשֵׁיהֶם | אַנְשֵׁיהֶן |

#### Synonyms

* (husband): בַּעַל (bá`al)
* (adult male): גֶּבֶר (géver)

#### Derived terms

* אישי (ishí)
* אישיות (ishiyút)
* אִישׁ דְּבָרִים (ísh dvarím)
* אִישׁוֹן (ishón)
* אִישׁ עֲסָקִים (ísh asakím)
* אִישׁ קַשׁ (ísh kash)
* אִישׁ שֶׁלֶג (ísh shéleg)
* אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ (éshet ísh)
* בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אֲנָשִׁים, הִשְׁתַּדֵּל לִהְיוֹת אִישׁ (b'makóm she'én anashím, hishtadél lihyót ísh)

#### See also

* חבוב

### Pronoun

אִישׁ • ('ish) m
* (formal, in negative sentences) Anyone.
    רבים ניסו, אך איש לא הצליח.rabím nisú, akh ish lo hitzlíakh.Many tried, but none [literally not a man] succeeded.
** Tanach, Exodus 16:19, with translation of the New International Version:וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אַל־יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּקֶר׃Then Moses said to them, "No one is to keep any of it until morning."

### References

* H376 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# Charleston
## English
### Etymology

From Charles +‎ -ton. The places are named after various men named "Charles"; see definitions below.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈtʃɑɹlstən/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

Charleston
* A number of places in the United States:
** A city in Arkansas, and one of the two county seats of Franklin County.
** A city, the county seat of Coles County, Illinois; after Charles Morton, its first postmaster.
** A town in Maine; after Charles Vaughan, an early settler.
** A city in Mississippi, and one of the two county seats of Tallahatchie County.
** A city, the county seat of Mississippi County, Missouri; after either nearby Charles Prairie or the city in South Carolina.
** A town in New York; after Charles Van Epps, an early settler.
** A neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City; after Charles Kreischer, son of Balthasar Kreischer, after whom the town was previously named (as Kreischerville).
** A city, the county seat of Charleston County, South Carolina; after Charles II of England.
** A city in Tennessee.
** A town in Utah; after Charles Shelton, an early settler.
** A town in Vermont; after a naval battle near the city in South Carolina; the town's early settlers were naval officers.
** The capital city of West Virginia, United States and the county seat of Kanawha County; perhaps after Charles Clendenin, the father of an early settler.
* A community of Nova Scotia, Canada.
* A village in Angus council area, Scotland; after Charles Henderson, proprietor of the village's land before its formation.
* An area of Dundee, Scotland.
* A town in South Australia.
* A coastal village south of Westport, West Coast, New Zealand.

#### Derived terms

* Charleston County
* Charlestonian
* North Charleston

#### See also

* Charlestown

### Noun

Charleston (plural Charlestons)
* (preceded by definite article) A dance named for the city of Charleston, South Carolina.
** Dubbed “the Black Venus”, she danced the charleston in nothing but a string of pearls and a skirt made of 16 rubber bananas, performed with a snake wrapped suggestively round her neck, strolled down the Champs-Élysées with her pet cheetah, and became an international superstar. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/28/dancer-singer-spy-frances-pantheon-to-honour-josephine-baker

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ NZ Topo Map

### Anagrams

* Horncastle
# La-Manş
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Via Russian Ла-Манш (La-Manš) from French la Manche.

### Proper noun

La-Manş
* English Channel, La Manche
# what the goodyear
## English
### Etymology

See goodyear.

### Phrase

what the goodyear
* (dated, obsolete) An expression of annoyance, impatience or surprise, equivalent to what the devil!
** 1768, Charles JOHNSON (Dramatic Writer.), Louis Du Guernier, The Country Lasses, Etc. [With a Plate by Louis Du Guernier.], page 41:Sir John! Codſo! Let me have you do it inſtantly--What the goodyear.
** 1842, William Shakespeare, John Payne Collier, The Works - The Text Formed from an Entirely New Collation of the Old Editions: with the Various Readings, Notes, a Life of the Poet, and a History of the Early English Stage · Volume 4, page 386:Host. On my word, captain, there's none such here. What the goodyear! do you think I would deny her?
** 1851, John Campbell Baron Campbell, The Lives of the Lords Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England, From the Earliest Times Till the Reign of King George IV., page 463:"What, the goodyear, Mr. More, I marvel that you, who have been hitherto always taken for a wise man
** 1896, Walter Scott, The fortunes of Nigel, page 26:'Now, what the goodyear! are we to send you down to Scotland as thin as you came up?
# thigmotropism
## English
### Etymology

From thigmo- +‎ -tropism.

### Noun

thigmotropism (plural thigmotropisms)
* (biology) Growth or motion in response to touch
    Synonym: haptotropism

#### Related terms

* thigmotaxis
* thigmotropic (adj)
# արգասիք
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian արգասիք (argasikʻ); see below.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾɡɑˈsikʰ/, [ɑɾɡɑsíkʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑɾkɑˈsik/, [ɑɾkʰɑsíkʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

արգասիք • (argasikʻ)
* product, fruit of labour
* result
* harvest, yield, crop
* (archaic, mathematics) quotient

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

By assimilation from Ancient Greek ἐργασία (ergasía, “work, production, result, profit”) +‎ -ք (-kʻ).

### Noun

արգասիք • (argasikʻ) pl
* effect, work, result
* fruit, production, crop (of soil)
* benediction, grace, favour

#### Declension

an unusual instrumental արգասիւ (argasiw) is also attested, implying a nominative *արգաս (*argas)

#### Derived terms

* անարգասաւոր (anargasawor)
* անարգասաւորութիւն (anargasaworutʻiwn)
* անարգասի (anargasi)
* արգասաւոր (argasawor)
* արգասաւորական (argasaworakan)
* արգասաւորեմ (argasaworem)
* արգասաւորութիւն (argasaworutʻiwn)
* արգասիական (argasiakan)
* արգասու (argasu)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: արգասիք (argasikʻ)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “արգասիք”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “արգասիք”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “արգասիք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# ꯌꯦꯡ
## Manipuri
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jeŋ]

### Verb

ꯌꯦꯡ (yeng)
* to see, look, watch
    Synonym: ꯎ (u)

#### Derived terms

* ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟ (yengseen)
* ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯨꯠ (yengkhoot)
* ꯌꯦꯡꯊ (yengtha)
* ꯌꯦꯡꯊꯣꯛ (yengthok)

### References

* Sharma, H[anjabam] Surmangol (2006) “ꯌꯦꯡ”, in Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary, Imphal: Sangam Book Store.
# שלם
## Aramaic
### Verb

שלם • (transliteration needed)
* to be whole, to be complete
* to follow, to agree
* to obey

## Hebrew

* Root
* שׁ־ל־ם (sh-l-m)
* 31 terms

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

שָׁלֵם • (shalém) (feminine שְׁלֵמָה, masculine plural שְׁלֵמִים, feminine plural שְׁלֵמוֹת)
* complete, intact
** ברכת תשובה
    הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ אָבִינוּ לְתוֹרָתֶךָ, וְקָרְבֵנוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ לַעֲבוֹדָתֶךָ, וְהַחֲזִירֵנוּ בִתְשׁוּבָה שְׁלֵמָה לְפָנֶיךָ.Bring us back, our Father, to Your Torah; and draw us close, our King, to Your worship; and return us with complete repentance before You.
** בעז בנאי, פריז בחורף
    אחד בתוך שניים לא יכול להיות שלם.ekhad b'tokh shnayim lo yakhol lihyot shalem.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* בְּלֵב שָׁלֵם (b'lév shalém)
* רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה (r'fuá sh'lemá)

#### References

* H8003 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Verb

שָׁלַם • (shalám) (pa'al construction)
* (biblical) to be safe (mind, body or state)
* (biblical) to be resigned to a treaty or covenant
* (archaic, poetic) to be finished, to be over, to be completed

#### References

* H7999 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Verb

שִׁלֵּם • (shilém) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of שילם

### Proper noun

שָׁלֵם • (Shalem)
* Salem, the place of which Melchizedek was king, mostly identified with Jerusalem

#### References

* H8004 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Anagrams

* לשם, משל
# אלה
## Aramaic
### Noun

אֱלָהּ • (ʾĕlāh)
* indefinite of אֱלָהָא

## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

Compare Arabic أُولَاءِ (ʔulāʔi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ˈe.le/

#### Determiner

אֵלֶּה • (éle)
* masculine/feminine plural of זה (ze)
** Tanach, Genesis 36:1, with translation of the King James Version:וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת עֵשָׂו הוּא אֱדוֹם׃v'éle toldót esáv hu edóm.Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom.

##### Alternative forms

* אֵל

#### References

* H428 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 2

* Root
* א־ל (ʾ-l)
* 6 terms
From אל (el, “god”) + ־ה (á, “-ess”).

#### Noun

אֵלָה • (elá) f (masculine counterpart אֵל)
* A goddess.

#### Further reading

* אלה (מיתולוגיה) on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Etymology 3

* Root
* א־ל־ל (ʾ-l-l)
* 2 terms
Compare אֵלוֹן (elōn, “great tree”), אַלּוֹן (allōn, “great tree; oak”), and the plurale tantum אֵילִים (ēlīm, “mighty tree”).

#### Noun

אֵלָה • (elá) f
* A terebinth, a tree of the genus Pistacia.

##### Derived terms

* אֵלַת הַמַּסְטִיק (elat haMástik)

#### References

* H424 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

#### Further reading

* אלה (עץ) on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Etymology 4

* Root
* א־ל־ל (ʾ-l-l)
* 2 terms

#### Noun

אַלָּה • (alá) f
* A club for beating.

##### References

* “אלה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

#### Further reading

* אלה (נשק) on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

אֱלֹהַּ • (elóah) m
* defective spelling of אלוה

### Anagrams

* אהל
* לאה
# vanity height
## English
### Etymology

Coined and defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aɪt

### Noun

vanity height (plural vanity heights)
* (architecture) The difference between the height of the last usable floor and the total height of a building, especially for tall skyscrapers.
# microvirality
## English
### Noun

microvirality (uncountable)
* Alternative form of micro-virality
# golden birthdays
## English
### Noun

golden birthdays
* plural of golden birthday
# دیوانه
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* دیوونه (divune) (colloquial Tehrani)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dyw'nk' /⁠dēwānag⁠/, “demonic; crazy, insane”), from Proto-Iranian *daywánah (“demon possessed; insane, crazy”). By surface analysis, دیو (div, “demon”) +‎ ـانه (-âne, “adjective-forming suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [deː.wɑː.na]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪eː.wɑː.nä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪eː.wɑː.nä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪eː.wɑː.nä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪eː.wɔː.nä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪iː.vɒː.ne]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪e.vɔ.nä]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Adjective

دیوانه • (divâne) (comparative دیوانه‌تَر (divâne-tar), superlative دیوانه‌تَرین (divâne-tarin))
* mad, insane, crazy

### Noun

| Dari | دیوانه |
| Iranian Persian | دیوانه |
| Tajik | девона |
دیوانه • (divâne)
* madman, lunatic
    گل‌ها پرپرن ای وای، یک دیوانه در باغهgol-hâ par-paran ey vây, yek divâne dar bâghe. (Iranian Reading) gul-hā par-paran ay wāy, yak dēwāna dar bāgha. (Dari Reading)oh, the flowers are wilted, there's a madman in the garden.

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: դիվանա (divana)
* → Azerbaijani: divanə
* → Bashkir: диуана (diwana)
* → Bengali: দেওয়ানা (deōẇana)
* → Gilaki: دیوانه (divane)
* → Gujarati: દીવાનું (dīvānũ)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दीवाना (dīvānā)
    Urdu: دیوانہ (dīvānā)
* → Kermanic: dīvūna, dīūna, dīvā̊na, dīyūne
* → Malay: déwana
** Indonesian: dèwana
* → Marathi: दिवाणे (divāṇe)
* → Ormuri: دېوانه (dēwāna)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਵਾਨਾ (divānā), ਦੀਵਾਨਾ (dīvānā)
    Shahmukhi script: دیوانہ (dīvānā).
* → Parachi: دیوانه (dīwāna)
* → Pashto: دېوانه (dewāná)
* → Sangisari: دیوانه (divâne)
* → Semnani: دیوانه (divånä)
* → Shahmirzadi: دیوونه (dīvūna)
* → Shughni: dēwunā
* → Sivandi: دیوانه (dīvā̊ne)
* → Talysh: دیوونه (divona)
* → Turkish: divane
* → Uzbek: devona

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*daiu̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura
# էրիկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Armenian էրիկ (ērik); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /eˈɾik/, [eɾík]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /eˈɾiɡ/, [eɾíɡ]

### Noun

էրիկ • (ērik)
* (dialectal) husband
* (dialectal) man

#### Declension
## Middle Armenian
### Noun

էրիկ • (ērik), genitive singular էրկան (ērkan)
* Alternative form of այրիկ (ayrik)
    էրիկ տալ ― ērik tal ― to give in marriage (to a man)

#### Derived terms

* էրիկմարդ (ērikmard)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: էրիկ (ērik)

### References

* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “էրիկ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 216b
# 禮義廉恥
## Chinese

| | | gift; propriety; rite | justice; righteousness; meaning | uncorrupt; inexpensive | shame; disgrace |
| trad. (禮義廉恥) | trad. (禮義廉恥) | 禮 | 義 | 廉 | 恥 |
| simp. (礼义廉耻) | simp. (礼义廉耻) | 礼 | 义 | 廉 | 耻 |

### Etymology

From Guanzi:
    何謂四維？一曰禮、二曰義、三曰廉、四曰恥。禮不踰節，義不自進，廉不蔽惡，恥不從枉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]何谓四维？一曰礼、二曰义、三曰廉、四曰耻。礼不逾节，义不自进，廉不蔽恶，耻不从枉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CEHéwèi sìwéi? Yī yuē lǐ, èr yuē yì, sān yuē lián, sì yuē chǐ. Lǐ bù yú jié, yì bù zì jìn, lián bù bì è, chǐ bù cóng wǎng. [Pinyin]What are these four cardinal values? The first is propriety, the second is righteousness, the third is integrity, the fourth is a sense of shame. Propriety consists in not overstepping the bounds of proper restraint. Righteousness consists in not pushing oneself forward [at the expense of others]. Integrity consists in not concealing one's faults. Having a sense of shame consists in not following those who go awry.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǐyìliánchǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄔˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^5$ ji$^6$ lim$^4$ ci$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lé-gī-liâm-thí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐyìliánchǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄔˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐyìliánchǐh
*** Wade–Giles: li$^3$-i$^4$-lien$^2$-chʻih$^3$
*** Yale: lǐ-yì-lyán-chř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiyihlianchyy
*** Palladius: лииляньчи (liiljanʹči)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^5$ ji$^6$ lim$^4$ ci$^2$
*** Yale: láih yih lìhm chí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^5$ ji$^6$ lim$^4$ tsi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^5$ yi$^6$ lim$^4$ qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯¹³ jiː²² liːm²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lé-gī-liâm-thí
*** Tâi-lô: lé-gī-liâm-thí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lefgixliamtie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²⁻²¹ liam²⁴⁻²² tʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹⁻²² liam²⁴⁻²² tʰi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²⁻²¹ liam¹³⁻²² tʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³⁻¹¹ liam²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³⁻²¹ liam²³⁻³³ tʰi⁴¹/

### Noun

禮義廉恥
* the four social bonds (propriety, justice, integrity and honor)
    From: 顧炎武 (Gu Yanwu) (1613-1682), 《廉恥》
    “Wǔdài Shǐ Féng Dào Zhuàn” lùn yuē: “Lǐyìliánchǐ, guó zhī sìwéi, sìwéi bù zhāng, guó nǎi mièwáng.” [Pinyin]
    Historical Records of the Five Dynasties: Biography of Feng Dao states, "Propriety, justice, integrity and a sense of shame are the four cardinal principles of a state; if the four cardinal principles are not upheld, the country will perish."

#### Derived terms

* 禮義廉 / 礼义廉

#### See also

* 四維／四维 (sìwéi)
# רכך
## Aramaic
### Verb

רכך • (transliteration needed)
* to soften

## Hebrew

* Root
* ר־כ־ך (r-k-k)
* 8 terms

### Verb

רִכֵּךְ • (rikékh) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of ריכך

### Verb

רֻכַּךְ • (rukákh) (pu'al construction)
* defective spelling of רוכך