# 時代
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shídài
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыдэ (šɨde, III-III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si$^4$ doi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): si$^3$ oi$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀-thoi
    (Hailu, HRS): shi toi$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̀-dâi / sì-dâi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sî-tāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^5$ do$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy-de$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shídài
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhdài
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: shŕ-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrday
*** Palladius: шидай (šidaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$時代 / 时代 石埭 石黛 食帶 / 食带
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыдэ (šɨde, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴ tɛ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^4$ doi$^6$
*** Yale: sìh doih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^4$ doi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^4$ doi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: si$^3$ oi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /si²² ᵘɔi³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀-thoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii$^ˇ$ toi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^2$ toi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ¹¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shi toi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃi⁵⁵ tʰoi³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀-dâi / sì-dâi
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$lɑi²⁴²/, /si⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$lɑi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî-tāi
*** Tâi-lô: sî-tāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: si'dai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si²⁴⁻²² tai²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si²⁴⁻²² tai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si¹³⁻²² tai²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si²⁴⁻¹¹ tai³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²³⁻³³ tai³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^5$ do$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sî tō
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵⁻¹¹ to¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy-de$_6$
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$ de$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr-de$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² de⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzyi dojH
Rime :
| Character | 時 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 市之切 | 徒耐切 |
| Baxter | dzyi | dojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨ/ | /dʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑɨ/ | /dəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑie/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨ/ | /dəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiə/ | /dᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭə/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi/ | /dʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí | dài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^4$ | doi$^6$ |

### Noun

時代
* times; age; epoch; era; period of time (in history)
    大眾旅遊時代／大众旅游时代 ― dàzhòng lǚyóu shídài ― age of mass tourism
    一個時代的產物／一个时代的产物 ― yīge shídài de chǎnwù ― a product of an era
    時代氣息／时代气息 ― shídài qìxī ― spirit of the times
    禮樂時代／礼乐时代 ― lǐyuè shídài ― age of rites and music (i.e. the Zhou dynasty, especially Western Zhou)
    傳說時代／传说时代 ― chuánshuō shídài ― legendary period
    浮躁的時代／浮躁的时代 ― fúzào de shídài ― restless times
    落後於時代／落后于时代 ― luòhòu yú shídài ― to be behind the times
    屬於同一個時代／属于同一个时代 ― shǔyú tóngyīge shídài ― to belong to the same period
       Zhè shì yīge kànliǎn de shídài. [Pinyin]
       This is a face-judging era.
       Wǒmen yīdìng yào jǐnjǐn de gēnshàng zhège shídài de bùfá. [Pinyin]
       We must keep up with the pace of this era.
    From: Song Dynasty, 萬俟詠, 《三臺·清明應制》
    Hǎo shídài, cháoyě duō huān, biàn jiǔ mò, tàipíng xiāogǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1997, 蒋开儒 (lyrics), 印青 (music), 《走进新时代》
    jìwǎngkāilái de lǐnglùrén / dàilǐng wǒmen zǒujìn nà xīn shídài / gāojǔ qízhì kāichuàng wèilái [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* period of time in one's life
    少年時代／少年时代 ― shàonián shídài ― early youth
    學生時代／学生时代 ― xuéshēng shídài ― student days

#### Synonyms

* (times):
* 世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 世代 (shìdài) (literary)
* 光陰 / 光阴 (Dungan)
* 年代 (niándài)
* 年候兒 / 年候儿 (niánhour) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 年歲 / 年岁 (niánsuì)
* 年華 / 年华 (niánhuá)
* 時期 / 时期 (shíqī)
* 朝代 (cháodài)
* 歲月 / 岁月 (suìyuè)

#### Derived terms

* 信息時代 / 信息时代 (xìnxī shídài)
* 劃時代 / 划时代 (huàshídài)
* 史前時代 / 史前时代 (shǐqián shídài)
* 戰國時代 / 战国时代 (Zhànguó Shídài)
* 啟蒙時代 / 启蒙时代 (Qǐméng Shídài)
* 新時代 / 新时代 (xīnshídài)
* 新石器時代 / 新石器时代 (Xīnshíqì Shídài)
* 時代精神 / 时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
* 石器時代 / 石器时代 (Shíqì Shídài)
* 西部時代 / 西部时代 (Xībù Shídài)
* 黃金時代 / 黄金时代 (huángjīn shídài)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 時(じ)代(だい) (jidai)
* → Korean: 시대(時代) (sidae)
* → Vietnamese: thời đại (時代)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 時 | 代 |
| じ Grade: 2 | だい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じだい [jìdáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑida̠i]

### Noun

時(じ)代(だい) • (jidai)
* age, era, period (of time)
** 1907, 夏目漱石, 野分:
    徳川政府(とくがわせいふ)の時代(じだい)じゃあるまいし」と云(い)った。
       Tokugawa seifu no jidai ja aru mai shi” to itta.
       "This isn't the Tokugawa era, after all" he said.
* the times, spirit of the age
** 1909, 夏目漱石, 永日小品:
    これも時代(じだい)のせいだろう。
       Kore mo jidai no sei darō.
       It's another example of the times we live in.
* antiquity
* a time in one's life, one's days (in college etc.)
** 1908, 夏目漱石, 坑夫:
    青年(せいねん)は情(じょう)の時代(じだい)だ。
       Seinen wa jō no jidai da.
       Youth is a passionate time in one's life.

#### Synonyms

* (the times): 時(じ)勢(せい) (jisei)

#### Derived terms

* 時代劇 (jidaigeki): historical play, period drama
* 時代祭 (jidaimatsuri): Festival of the Ages
* 時代色 (jidaishoku): characteristics of an age
* 時代相 (jidaisō): phases of the age
* 時代物 (jidaimono): antiques, period dramas
* 時代の弊 (jidai no hei): abuses of the times
* 時代遅れ, 時代後れ (jidaiokure): old-fashioned, behind the times
* 時代離れ (jidaibanare): not up with the times
* 時代がかる, 時代掛かる, 時代掛る (jidaigakaru): be antique-looking
* 時代感覚 (jidai kankaku): sensitivity to the times
* 時代考証 (jidai kōshō): background research
* 時代錯誤 (jidai sakugo): anachronism
* 時代思潮 (jidai shichō): thought of the times
* 時代小説 (jidai shōsetsu): historical novel
* 時代精神 (jidai seishin): spirit of the age, zeitgeist
* 時代と共に歩む (jidai to tomo ni ayumu): move along with the times
* 大時代 (ōjidai): old-fashioned, antiquated
* 漢時代 (kanjidai): Han dynasty
* 現時代 (genjidai): the present era
* 新時代 (shinjidai): new period, new age
* 朝時代 (chōjidai): the era of the … dynasty
* 同時代 (dōjidai): the same age, same period
* 劃時代的 (kakujidaiteki): epoch-making
* 前時代的な (zenjidaiteki na): pre-modern, old-fashioned
* アマルナ時代 (amaruna jidai): Amarna period
* バブル時代 (baburu jidai): bubble era
* 栄えた時代 (sakaeta jidai): prosperous age
* 古き良き時代 (furukiyoki jidai): the good old days, halcyon days
* 足利時代 (ashikaga jidai): Ashikaga period
* 飛鳥時代 (asuka jidai): Asuka period
* 安土時代 (azuchi jidai): Azuchi period
* 暗黒時代 (ankoku jidai): Dark Ages
* 江戸時代 (edo jidai): Edo period
* 黄金時代 (ōgon jidai): Golden Age
* 王朝時代 (ōchō jidai): Dynastic period
* 鎌倉時代 (kamakura jidai): Kamakura period
* 学生時代 (gakusei jidai): student days
* 旧幕時代 (kyūbaku jidai): the shogunate period
* 桂園時代 (keien jidai): Keien period
* 原子時代 (genshi jidai): atomic age
* 原始時代 (genshi jidai): primitive times
* 原史時代 (genshijidai): protohistory
* 源平時代 (genpei jidai): Genpei period
* 高校時代 (kōkō jidai): one's high school days
* 古典時代 (koten jidai): the classical period
* 古墳時代 (kofun jidai): Tumulus period
* 三国時代 (sangoku jidai): Three Kingdoms period
* 春秋時代 (junjū jidai): Spring and Autumn period
* 昭和時代 (shōwa jidai): Showa period
* 織豊時代 (shokuhō jidai): Shokuho period
* 貞観時代 (jōgan jidai): Jōgan period
* 縄文時代 (jōmon jidai): the Jōmon period
* 推古時代 (suiko jidai): Suiko period
* 青春時代 (seishun jidai): one's youth, one's youthful days
* 青銅時代 (seidō jidai): Bronze Age
* 青年時代 (seinen jidai): youth, one's younger days
* 石器時代 (sekki jidai): Stone Age
* 戦国時代 (sengoku jidai): Warring States period
* 先史時代 (senshi jidai): prehistoric era
* 前史時代 (zenshi jidai): prehistoric period
* 全盛時代 (zensei jidai): golden age
* 大正時代 (taishō jidai): Taishō period
* 田沼時代 (tanuma jidai): Tanuma period
* 地質時代 (chishitsu jidai): geological age
* 鉄器時代 (tekki jidai): Iron Age
* 天平時代 (tenpyō jidai): Tenpyō period
* 徳川時代 (tokugawa jidai): Tokugawa period
* 銅器時代 (dōki jidai): Copper Age
* 奈良時代 (nara jidai): Nara period
* 日帝時代 (nittei jidai): era of Japanese imperialism
* 白鳳時代 (hakuhō jidai): Hakuhō period
* 発見時代 (hakken jidai): Age of Discovery
* 東山時代 (higashiyama jidai): Higashiyama period
* 氷河時代 (hyōga jidai): ice age, glacial period
* 不遇時代 (fugū jidai): one's dark days
* 藤原時代 (fujiwara jidai): Fujiwara period
* 武家時代 (buke jidai): Feudal period
* 平安時代 (heian jidai): Heian period
* 平成時代 (heisei jidai): Heisei period
* 封建時代 (hōken jidai): feudal era, feudal times
* 飽食時代 (hōshoku jidai): current era of excessive eating
* 室町時代 (muromachi jidai): Muromachi period
* 明治時代 (meiji jidai): Meiji period
* 桃山時代 (momoyama jidai): Momoyama period
* 大和時代 (yamato jidai): Yamato period
* 弥生時代 (yayoi jidai): Yayoi period
* 幼年時代 (yōnen jidai): childhood
* 吉野時代 (yoshino jidai): Yoshino period
* 律令時代 (ritsutyō jidai): Ritsuryō period
* 冷戦時代 (reisen jidai): cold war era
* 歴史時代 (rekishi jidai): historical times
* 栃若時代 (tochiwaka jidai): sumo era during the 1950s
* 柏鵬時代 (hokuhō jidai): sumo era during 1960s
* 北玉時代 (kitatama jidai): sumo era at the turn of 1960s into 70s
* 輪湖時代 (rinko jidai): sumo era during mid-1970s
* 貴輪時代 (kirin jidai): sumo era at the end of 1970s
* 曙貴時代 (aketaka jidai): sumo era during mid-1990s
* 江戸時代文学 (edo jidai bungaku): Edo-period literature
* いつの時代も (itsu no jidai mo): in all ages, over the ages
* いつの時代にも (itsu no jidai ni mo): in all ages, over the ages
* 先カンブリア時代 (senkanburia jidai): Precambrian era
* 先縄文時代 (senjōmon jidai): pre-Jomon period
* 先土器時代 (sendoki jidai): preceramic period
* 大御所時代 (ōgosho jidai): Ogosho period
* 旧石器時代 (kyūsekki jidai): old stone age, paleolithic
* 中石器時代 (chūsekki jidai): Mesolithic
* 新石器時代 (shinsekki jidai): new stone age, neolithic
* 金属器時代 (kinzokuki jidai): Metal Age
* 原子力時代 (genshiryoku jidai): atomic age
* 植民地時代 (shokuminchi jidai): colonial period
* 青銅器時代 (seidōki jidai): Bronze Age
* 大空位時代 (daikūi jidai): Great Interregnum
* 大航海時代 (daikōkai jidai): Age of Discovery
* 南北朝時代 (nanbokuchō jidai): period of the northern and southern dynasties
* 常陸梅時代 (hitachiume jidai): sumo era during early 1900s
* 無土器時代 (mudoki jidai): preceramic period
* 吉野朝時代 (yoshino chōjidai): Yoshino period
* バブル経済時代 (baburu keizai jidai): bubble economy era
* 正統カリフ時代 (seitō karifu jidai): Rashidun period
* 亜旧石器時代 (akyūsekki jidai): Epipaleolithic
* 安土桃山時代 (azuchi momoyama jidai): Azuchi-Momoyama period
* 金石併用時代 (kinseki heiyō jidai): Chalcolithic period
* 高度成長時代 (kōdo seichō jidai): high-growth era
* 弘仁貞観時代 (kōnin jōgan jidai): Kōnin-Jōgan period
* 大学全入時代 (daigaku-zen'nyū jidai): era of declining enrollment
* 文化文政時代 (bunka bunsei jidai): Bunka-Bunsei period
* 魏晋南北朝時代 (gishin nanboku chōjidai): Wei, Jin, Southern, Northern Dynasties period

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 時 | 代 |

### Noun

時代 • (sidae) (hangeul 시대)
* hanja form of 시대 (“age, era, period (of time)”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 時 | 代 |

### Noun

時代
* chữ Hán form of thời đại (“age, era, period (of time)”).