# 客

| 客 | U+5BA2, &#23458; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA2 |
| ← 审 [U+5BA1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宣 → [U+5BA3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

客 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十竹水口 (JHER), four-corner 3060$_4$, composition ⿱宀各)

#### Derived characters

* 額 (额)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 284, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7128
* Dae Jaweon: page 561, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 927, character 13
* Unihan data for U+5BA2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 客 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰraːɡ) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – a guest.

### Etymology

Probably belongs to the word family of 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ, “to go, to come”). Schuessler (2007) cites Tibetan དགྲ (dgra, “enemy”) as a possible cognate.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kè, qiě (ke$^4$, qie$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ, ㄑㄧㄝˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ke$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ки (ki, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haak$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hak$^1$ / hak$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kah$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hak / khiet
    (Hailu, HRS): hag / kied
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hag$^5$ / kêd$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): kă
* Eastern Min (BUC): káh / káik
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ka$^5$ / keh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kheh / kheeh / khek / khiak / kherk
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kêh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$khaq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kè
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kè
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect, colloquial)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiě
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciě
*** Wade–Giles: chʻieh$^3$
*** Yale: chyě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiee
*** Palladius: це (ce)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ke$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ke
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ки (ki, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haak$^3$
*** Yale: haak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hak$^1$ / hak$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hak̚³³/, /hak̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hak / khiet
*** Hakka Romanization System: hag$^ˋ$ / kied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hag$^5$ / kiad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hak̚²/, /kʰi̯et̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hag / kied
*** Sinological IPA: /hak⁵/, /kʰiet⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hag$^5$ / kêd$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hak̚¹/, /kʰɛt̚¹/
* hak/hag/hag5 - vernacular;
* khiet/kied/kêd5 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit客 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹³/ /kʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰie¹³/ /kʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kə²¹/ /kʰei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰə⁵⁵/ /kʰe⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰa¹³/ /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰɤ²¹³/ /kʰei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰe³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰa²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰɛʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰa⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hak̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hak̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hak̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hak̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰik̚³²/ /kʰeʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰa²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰeʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xɛ⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khaek
Rime :
| Character | 客 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦格切 |
| Baxter | khaek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ke |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰraːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 客 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁrak/ |
| English | guest |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 客 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3903 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 客 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰraːɡ/ |

### Definitions

客
* guest; visitor
    我家來客了。／我家来客了。 ― Wǒ jiā lái kè le. ― A guest has come to visit my home.
    From: 761, Du Fu, 客至 (A Guest Comes); translated by Stephen Owen
    Huājìng bùcéng yuán kè sǎo, péngmén jīn shǐ wèi jūn kāi. [Pinyin]
    My flowered path has never yet been swept on account of a guest, my ramshackle gate for the first time today is open because of you.
* customer; client; consumer (Classifier: 個／个 c; 位 c)
    客滿／客满 ― kèmǎn ― to have a full house
       gam$^1$ jat$^6$ pou$^3$ tau$^{4-2}$ jau$^5$ go$^3$ haak$^3$ hou$^2$ maa$^4$ faan$^4$ aa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       There was a really annoying customer at the store today.
* to treat with guest etiquette; to receive friendly
* minor; less major; less important
* Agent suffix, indicating “one that engages in ...”.
    政客 ― zhèngkè ― politician
    刺客 ― cìkè ― assassin
* one who sponges on a wealthy family; hanger-on; sponger
* traveller; passenger; one who lives away from home
* to live away from home; to live abroad
* (in general) people; person
* objective; beyond human consciousness
    客觀／客观 ― kèguān ― objective
* Hakka
    客話／客话 [Sixian Hakka] ― Hak-fa [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― Hakka language
    純客縣／纯客县 ― chúnkèxiàn ― county whose residents are all Hakka people
* Classifier for units of food sold.
    From: 棋王
    Chéng Líng yào le liǎng kè xīguā [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1994 or later, “品嚐正宗咖哩 (本格カレーを食べるゾ)”, in Crayon Shin-chan (anime), Taiwanese Mandarin edition, episode 116:
    商業午餐兩客。／商业午餐两客。 ― Shāngyè wǔcān liǎng kè. ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (literary, obsolete) last; previous
    客歲／客岁 ― kèsuì ― last year
    客冬 ― kèdōng ― last winter
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 賓, 客, 人客, 來客, 賓客 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 客人, 來客, 賓客 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 客人, 客 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 客人, 客 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 客人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 客人, 客 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 人客, 客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 客, 客人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 客人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 客人, 客 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 客 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 人客 |
| Mandarin | Nanping (Yanping) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 人客, 客人, 客 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 人客, 客人, 客 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 客人, 人客 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 客人, 人客 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 客人, 人客 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 客人, 人客 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 客人, 人客 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 人客 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 客, 人客 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 人客 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 人客 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 客人 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 客人 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 人客 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 儂客 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 儂客, 客 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 儂客 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 儂客 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 客人 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 客 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 人客, 客人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 客人 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 人客, 客 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 客, 人客 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 客, 人客 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 顧客, 消費者 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 顧客, 買主兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 客人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 顧客, 買主兒, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 顧客, 買主 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 顧客, 買主 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 顧客, 買主 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 顧客 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 顧客, 主顧, 主道, 買主 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 顧客 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 顧客, 主戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 顧客, 買主兒, 主戶兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 買主 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 主戶, 主顧 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 顧客, 主戶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 顧客 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 主戶, 主顧 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 主戶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 顧客, 主戶兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 買主兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 顧客, 主戶兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 顧客, 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 顧客, 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 買主, 主顧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 顧客 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 顧客, 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 顧客, 買主, 顧主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 顧客, 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 顧客, 買主 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 顧客, 買主 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 買主 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 顧客, 買主 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 買主兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 顧客, 買主, 東道 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 老主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 顧客, 買主 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 顧客, 客人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 顧客, 客人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 顧客, 客崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 客人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 顧客 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 顧客, 主戶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 顧客 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 顧客 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 客, 客人, 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 客 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 客 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 客 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 顧客, 客仔, 客 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 顧客, 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 顧客 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 客人 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 人客 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 客仔 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 顧客 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 主顧 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 顧客, 買主, 顧主 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 顧客, 買客 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 客仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 客仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 顧客 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 顧客 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 人客 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 人客 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 顧客, 主顧 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jin | Datong | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 顧客, 買主, 買客 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jin | Linhe | 主顧, 買主 |
| Jin | Jining | 主顧 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 顧客, 買主 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 顧客 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 買主兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jin | Handan | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 顧客, 買主, 主顧 |
| Jin | Suide | 顧客 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 客人 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 儂客, 主顧 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 儂客, 主顧 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 儂客, 主顧 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 客儂, 客 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 儂客 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 顧客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 儂客, 主客 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 客主阿 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 儂客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 買貨阿, 顧客, 儂客, 主客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 顧客 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 顧客 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 人客 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 客 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 顧客, 買主 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 顧客, 買客 |
| Wu | Danyang | 顧客 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 顧客, 買主 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 買主 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 買客, 主顧 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 買主 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 顧客 |
* (Hakka): 客家 (Kèjiā)

### Compounds

* 三劍客 / 三剑客
* 上客 (shàngkè)
* 下逐客令
* 不分主客
* 不大客氣 / 不大客气
* 不客氣 / 不客气 (bù kèqi)
* 不用客氣 / 不用客气 (bùyòng kèqì)
* 不速之客 (bùsùzhīkè)
* 串客
* 丹客
* 主客 (zhǔkè)
* 久客
* 乘客 (chéngkè)
* 人來客去 / 人来客去
* 人來客往 / 人来客往
* 人客 (rénkè)
* 仙客
* 估客
* 作客 (zuòkè)
* 住客 (zhùkè)
* 供客
* 佳客
* 來客 / 来客 (láikè)
* 來者是客 / 来者是客
* 俠客 / 侠客 (xiákè)
* 俗客
* 借客報仇 / 借客报仇
* 做客 (zuòkè)
* 偷渡客 (tōudùkè)
* 刺客 (cìkè)
* 劍客 / 剑客 (jiànkè)
* 包客
* 博客 (bókè)
* 反客作主
* 反客為主 / 反客为主 (fǎnkèwéizhǔ)
* 名利客
* 吊客眉
* 喜客
* 嘉客
* 坐上客
* 坐客
* 堂客 (tángkè)
* 堂客船
* 外客
* 夜客
* 大司客
* 大客車 / 大客车 (dàkèchē)
* 大宴賓客 / 大宴宾客
* 大陸客 / 大陆客
* 天關客星 / 天关客星
* 奉客
* 女客
* 好客 (hàokè)
* 婊子送客
* 嫖客 (piáokè)
* 嬌客 / 娇客 (jiāokè)
* 孤客 (gūkè)
* 官客
* 客中
* 客串 (kèchuàn)
* 客人 (kèrén)
* 客位 (kèwèi)
* 客作
* 客作兒 / 客作儿
* 客似雲來 / 客似云来 (kèsìyúnlái)
* 客卿
* 客商 (kèshāng)
* 客囊羞澀 / 客囊羞涩
* 客土
* 客堂 (kètáng)
* 客塵 / 客尘
* 客夜
* 客套 (kètào)
* 客套話 / 客套话 (kètàohuà)
* 客如雲集 / 客如云集
* 客姓
* 客子
* 客官 (kèguān)
* 客家 (Kèjiā)
* 客家人 (Kèjiārén)
* 客家八音
* 客家話 / 客家话 (Kèjiāhuà)
* 客寄
* 客將司 / 客将司
* 客居
* 客帳司 / 客帐司
* 客幫 / 客帮
* 客店 (kèdiàn)
* 客座 (kèzuò)
* 客座教授
* 客廳 / 客厅 (kètīng)
* 客心
* 客恨
* 客情
* 客戶 / 客户 (kèhù)
* 客房 (kèfáng)
* 客旅
* 客星 (kèxīng)
* 客棧 / 客栈 (kèzhàn)
* 客機 / 客机 (kèjī)
* 客次
* 客歲 / 客岁
* 客死 (kèsǐ)
* 客氣 / 客气
* 客氣話 / 客气话
* 客滿 / 客满 (kèmǎn)
* 客火
* 客票 (kèpiào)
* 客禮 / 客礼
* 客籍
* 客籍軍 / 客籍军
* 客綱客紀 / 客纲客纪
* 客舍 (kèshè)
* 客船 (kèchuán)
* 客艙 / 客舱 (kècāng)
* 客菜
* 客行
* 客觀 / 客观 (kèguān)
* 客觀主義 / 客观主义 (kèguān zhǔyì)
* 客車 / 客车 (kèchē)
* 客輪 / 客轮 (kèlún)
* 客運 / 客运 (kèyùn)
* 客遊 / 客游
* 客邊 / 客边
* 客長 / 客长
* 客隊 / 客队 (kèduì)
* 客隨主便 / 客随主便 (kèsuízhǔbiàn)
* 客飯 / 客饭
* 客館 / 客馆
* 客體 / 客体 (kètǐ)
* 家客
* 宴客 (yànkè)
* 宰客 (zǎikè)
* 小客車 / 小客车
* 山精木客
* 常客 (chángkè)
* 幕客
* 幽客
* 座上客 (zuòshàngkè)
* 廣陵客 / 广陵客
* 廣體客機 / 广体客机
* 延齡客 / 延龄客
* 弔客 / 吊客
* 待客 (dàikè)
* 待客廳 / 待客厅
* 惡客 / 恶客 (èkè)
* 房客 (fángkè)
* 拉客 (lākè)
* 拜客 (bàikè)
* 掮客 (qiánkè)
* 接客 (jiēkè)
* 掌客
* 揖客
* 撞客
* 攀桂客
* 攀龍客 / 攀龙客
* 攬客 / 揽客 (lǎnkè)
* 政客 (zhèngkè)
* 旅客 (lǚkè)
* 暴客
* 書客 / 书客 (shūkè)
* 會客 / 会客 (huìkè)
* 會客室 / 会客室 (huìkèshì)
* 有客
* 木客
* 杜門謝客 / 杜门谢客
* 東床嬌客 / 东床娇客
* 棒客
* 樵客
* 款客
* 歡客 / 欢客
* 毳客
* 水客 (shuǐkè)
* 海客 (hǎikè)
* 清客
* 淘金客
* 港客
* 溪客
* 滯客 / 滞客
* 煙客 / 烟客
* 煙波客 / 烟波客
* 熟客 (shúkè)
* 熱客 / 热客
* 狂客
* 狎客
* 生客
* 田客
* 田橫客 / 田横客
* 留客住
* 留客雨
* 異客 / 异客 (yìkè)
* 發燒客 / 发烧客
* 白丁俗客
* 白客 (báikè)
* 百代過客 / 百代过客
* 皮條客 / 皮条客 (pítiáokè)
* 知客 (zhīkè)
* 禪客 / 禅客
* 稀客 (xīkè)
* 空中客車 / 空中客车 (Kōngzhōng Kèchē)
* 篾客
* 紅塵客夢 / 红尘客梦
* 素客
* 結客 / 结客
* 綠林豪客 / 绿林豪客
* 罟客
* 羽客
* 老客 (lǎokè)
* 肅客 / 肃客
* 背包客 (bēibāokè)
* 背包客棧 / 背包客栈 (bēibāo kèzhàn)
* 茶餘客話 / 茶余客话
* 莊客 / 庄客
* 蘭客 / 兰客
* 虯髯客 / 虬髯客
* 虯髯客傳 / 虬髯客传
* 蟾宮客 / 蟾宫客
* 行客
* 見客 / 见客 (jiànkè)
* 觀光客 / 观光客 (guānguāngkè)
* 訪客 / 访客 (fǎngkè)
* 說客 / 说客
* 請客 / 请客 (qǐngkè)
* 談客 / 谈客
* 諫逐客書 / 谏逐客书
* 謝客 / 谢客
* 豪客
* 貪夫痴客 / 贪夫痴客
* 賀客 / 贺客
* 貴客 / 贵客 (guìkè)
* 買客 / 买客
* 賈客 / 贾客
* 賓客 / 宾客 (bīnkè)
* 賓客填門 / 宾客填门
* 賓客如雲 / 宾客如云
* 賓客盈庭 / 宾客盈庭
* 賓客盈門 / 宾客盈门
* 賣客 / 卖客
* 車客 / 车客
* 載客 / 载客 (zàikè)
* 載客量 / 载客量
* 送客
* 逋客 (būkè)
* 逐客
* 逐客令
* 過客 / 过客 (guòkè)
* 遊客 / 游客 (yóukè)
* 遊客如織 / 游客如织
* 過路客 / 过路客
* 遠客 / 远客
* 遷客 / 迁客
* 遷客騷人 / 迁客骚人 (qiānkèsāorén)
* 邊客 / 边客
* 部落客 (bùluòkè)
* 配客
* 酒客 (jiǔkè)
* 酣中客
* 野客
* 釣客 / 钓客
* 釣鼇客 / 钓鳌客
* 鏢客 / 镖客 (biāokè)
* 鑣客 / 镳客
* 門客 / 门客 (ménkè)
* 閉門謝客 / 闭门谢客 (bìménxièkè)
* 關東客 / 关东客
* 陌生客
* 陪客 (péikè)
* 雅客
* 青蠅弔客 / 青蝇吊客
* 韻客 / 韵客
* 頂客族 / 顶客族
* 顧客 / 顾客 (gùkè)
* 食客 (shíkè)
* 餉客 / 饷客
* 館客 / 馆客
* 香客 (xiāngkè)
* 馭風客 / 驭风客
* 駭客 / 骇客 (hàikè)
* 騷人墨客 / 骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
* 騷客 / 骚客 (sāokè)
* 高陽狂客 / 高阳狂客
* 鴛鴦客 / 鸳鸯客
* 鹽客 / 盐客
* 黃衫客 / 黄衫客
* 墨客 (mòkè)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 客(きゃく) (kyaku)
* → Korean: 객(客) (gaek)
* → Vietnamese: khách (客)
Others:
* → English: Khek (“Hakka”)
* → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *khæk (“guest”)
** White Hmong: qhua (“guest”)
* → Lao: ແຂກ (khǣk, “guest”)
* → Thai: แขก (kɛ̀ɛk, “guest”), แคะ (kɛ́, “Hakka”)
* → Vietnamese: Hẹ (“Hakka”)
* → Zhuang: hek (“guest; tourist”), hak (“government official”)

### References

* “客”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #4866”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きゃく (kyaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: まろうど (marōdo, 客)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゃく [kyàkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

客(きゃく) • (kyaku)
* guest; visitor
* customer; client
* patron

#### Usage notes

This is used as part of a form of address for a customer, like sir or ma'am. Because a customer is in a much higher social position, this word is used with the honorific prefix 御(お) (o-) and the honorific suffix さん (-san) or more often 様(さま) (-sama), rendering お客(きゃく)さん (okyaku-san) or お客(きゃく)様(さま) (okyaku-sama).

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 客 (MC khaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᆨ〮 (kóyk) (Yale: koyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 客 (eumhun 손 객 (son gaek))
* hanja form of 객 (“guest”)

#### Compounds

* 객관 (客觀, gaekgwan)
* 객석 (客席, gaekseok)
* 객실 (客室, gaeksil)
* 객지 (客地, gaekji, “foreign land”)
* 객체 (客體, gaekche)
* 검객 (劍客, geomgaek)
* 고객 (顧客, gogaek)
* 관객 (觀客, gwan'gaek)
* 관광객 (觀光客, gwan'gwanggaek)
* 승객 (乘客, seunggaek)
* 여객 (旅客, yeogaek)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

客: Hán Nôm readings: khách
* chữ Hán form of khách (“visitor; guest”).