# 衍

| 衍 | U+884D, &#34893; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-884D |
| ← 行 [U+884C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 衎 → [U+884E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

衍 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹人水一弓 (HOEMN), four-corner 2110$_3$, composition ⿴行氵 or ⿲彳氵亍)

#### Derived characters

* 𢯼, 椼, 𭵗, 𤦷, 𧎘, 餰, 𬳆, 葕, 愆, 𰗿, 𧍢, 𲁮, 𩜾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1108, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34033
* Dae Jaweon: page 1573, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 820, character 4
* Unihan data for U+884D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 衍 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 愆 | *kʰran |
| 衍 | *lanʔ, *lans |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^2$ / jin$^2$ / jin$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^2$ / jin$^2$ / jin$^5$
*** Yale: hín / yín / yíhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^2$ / jin$^2$ / jin$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^2$ / yin$^2$ / yin$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn³⁵/, /jiːn³⁵/, /jiːn¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián
*** Tâi-lô: ián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: yenX, yenH
Rime :
| Character | 衍 | 衍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以淺切 | 于線切 |
| Baxter | yenX | yenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇn$^X$/ | /jiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛn$^X$/ | /jiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæn$^X$/ | /jæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jian$^X$/ | /jian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛn$^X$/ | /iɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛn$^X$/ | /jĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛn$^X$/ | /i̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^5$ | jin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-q(r)anʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lanʔ/, /*lans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 衍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-q(r)anʔ/ |
| English | overflow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 衍 | 衍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14376 | 14377 |
| Phonetic component | 衍 | 衍 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 演 | |
| Old Chinese | /*lanʔ/ | /*lans/ |

#### Definitions

衍
* to overflow; to spill over
* to spread out; to extend; to develop
* superfluous; unnecessary
* characters mistakenly added during the copying of a text
* (obsolete) lowland; flatland
* (obsolete) marsh; bog
* (obsolete) mountain slope; hillside
* (obsolete) bamboo basket
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 上岸衍生物
* 信貸衍生產品 / 信贷衍生产品
* 取代衍生物
* 平衍
* 推衍
* 敷衍 (fūyǎn)
* 敷衍了事 (fūyǎnliǎoshì)
* 敷衍塞責 / 敷衍塞责 (fūyǎnsèzé)
* 沃衍
* 篋衍 / 箧衍
* 繁衍 (fányǎn)
* 羅摩衍那 / 罗摩衍那 (Luómóyǎnnà)
* 胄裔繁衍
* 蕃衍 (fányǎn)
* 衍伸
* 衍化 (yǎnhuà)
* 衍化物
* 衍射 (yǎnshè)
* 衍射儀 / 衍射仪
* 衍射光學 / 衍射光学
* 衍射學 / 衍射学
* 衍射格子
* 衍射波
* 衍射線 / 衍射线
* 衍射角
* 衍文 (yǎnwén)
* 衍生 (yǎnshēng)
* 衍生構造 / 衍生构造
* 衍生物 (yǎnshēngwù)
* 衍生產品 / 衍生产品 (yǎnshēng chǎnpǐn)
* 衍生蛋白
* 衍生複詞 / 衍生复词
* 衍生金融工具
* 衍聖公 / 衍圣公
* 衍變 / 衍变 (yǎnbiàn)
* 衍進 / 衍进
* 金融衍生工具
* 金融衍生產品 / 金融衍生产品
* 鋪衍 / 铺衍

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/

#### Definitions

衍
* (obsolete) to bring in; to invite; to introduce
* (Buddhism) yana; vehicle

#### Compounds

* 摩訶衍 / 摩诃衍 (Móhēyǎn)
* 衍祭

### References

* “衍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* overflow; spill over
* derive; spread out

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: あまり (amari, 衍り)、あまる (amaru, 衍る)、しく (shiku, 衍く)、たいら (taira, 衍ら)、のばす (nobasu, 衍ばす)、のびる (nobiru, 衍びる)、はびこる (habikoru, 衍る)
* Nanori: ひろし (hiroshi)

#### Compounds

* 衍(えん)溢(いつ) (en'itsu)
* 衍(えん)盈(えい) (en'ei)
* 衍(えん)繹(えき) (en'eki)
* 衍(えん)衍(えん) (en'en)
* 衍(えん)奥(おう) (en'ō)
* 衍(えん)凱(がい) (engai)
* 衍(えん)義(ぎ) (engi)
* 衍(えん)字(じ) (enji)
* 衍(えん)処(しょ) (ensho)
* 衍(えん)羨(せん) (ensen)
* 衍(えん)忒(とく) (entoku)
* 衍(えん)入(にゅう) (ennyū)
* 衍(えん)蕃(ばん) (enban)
* 衍(えん)文(ぶん) (enbun)
* 衍(えん)変(ぺん) (enpen)
* 衍(えん)曼(まん), 衍(えん)漫(まん) (enman)
* 衍(えん)裕(ゆう) (en'yū)
* 衍(えん)漾(よう) (en'yō)
* 衍(えん)沃(よく) (en'yoku)
* 衍(えん)乱(らん) (enran)
* 怡(い)衍(えん) (ien)
* 螾(いん)衍(えん) (in'en)
* 盈(えい)衍(えん) (eien)
* 奥(おう)衍(えん) (ōen)
* 煥(かん)衍(えん) (kan'en)
* 広(こう)衍(えん), 曠(こう)衍(えん) (kōen)
* 閎(こう)衍(えん) (kōen)
* 慈(じ)衍(えん) (jien)
* 饒(じょう)衍(えん) (jōen)
* 推(すい)衍(えん) (suien)
* 大(たい)衍(えん) (taien)
* 登(とう)衍(えん) (tōen)
* 蕃(はん)衍(えん), 繁(はん)衍(えん) (han'en)
* 肥(ひ)衍(えん) (hien)
* 布(ふ)衍(えん) (fuen)
* 富(ふ)衍(えん) (fuen)
* 敷(ふ)衍(えん) (fuen)
* 紛(ふん)衍(えん) (fun'en)
* 墳(ふん)衍(えん) (fun'en)
* 平(へい)衍(えん) (heien)
* 曼(まん)衍(えん) (man'en) (曼(まん)延(えん))
* 蔓(まん)衍(えん) (man'en) (蔓(まん)延(えん))
* 漫(まん)衍(えん) (man'en)
* 游(ゆう)衍(えん), 遊(ゆう)衍(えん) (yūen)
* 優(ゆう)衍(えん) (yūen)
* 余(よ)衍(えん) (yoen)
* 沃(よく)衍(えん) (yokuen)
* 流(りゅう)衍(えん) (ryūen)

### References

* 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “衍”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

衍 (eum 연 (yeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

衍: Hán Nôm readings: khiên, diễn, giàn, nhản, nhiễn, nhăn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.