OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 提子乾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tízigān
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ ˙ㄗ ㄍㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tai$^4$ zi$^2$ gon$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tízigān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ˙ㄗ ㄍㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tízi̊hgan
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^2$-tzŭ$^5$-kan$^1$
*** Yale: tí-dz-gān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi.tzygan
*** Palladius: тицзыгань (ticzyganʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³ kän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tai$^4$ zi$^2$ gon$^1$
*** Yale: tàih jí gōn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tai$^4$ dzi$^2$ gon$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tei$^4$ ji$^2$ gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵/

### Noun

提子乾
* (Cantonese) raisin
** 2021, “勁浪漫 超溫馨 [hyperromantic]”, 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong] (lyrics), 湯令山 [Gareth.T] and 范梓謙 [Teddy Fan] (music)‎performed by 湯令山 [Gareth.T]:
       tai$^4$ zi$^2$ gon$^1$ loeng$^5$ fan$^{6-2}$ mit$^1$, kung$^4$ daan$^6$ ciu$^1$ wan$^1$ hing$^1$ [Jyutping]
       Sharing the raisins between us, poor but super warm and cozy

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 葡萄乾 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 葡萄乾兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 葡萄乾 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 葡萄乾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 葡萄乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 葡萄乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 葡萄乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 葡萄乾子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 葡提子乾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 提子乾 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 葡提子 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 葡萄乾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 提仔乾 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 葡萄乾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 葡萄乾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 葡萄乾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 葡萄乾 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 葡萄乾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 葡萄乾 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 葡萄乾 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 葡萄乾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 葡萄乾 |
# fhefhaked
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fefake(d), 3.sg.perf.act.ind. of *fakjō. Compare Latin pepigī beside pēgī, Oscan fefacid. ⟨FH⟩ was once the way to spell /f/, when the character ⟨F⟩ ("digamma") denoted /w/. This digraph ⟨FH⟩ for /f/ also appears in Etruscan and Venetic. The character ⟨Φ⟩ denoted a plosive [pʰ], and was therefore not suitable for a fricative like [ɸ] or [f]. This reduplicated fhefhaked was once a productive perfect-tense verb, but later gave way to fēc- as the way to form the perfect stem of facere.

### Pronunciation

* (Early Old Latin) IPA: /ˈɸeɸakeːd/

### Verb

𐌅𐌇𐌄⁝𐌅𐌇𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌃 (fhe(⁝)fhakēd / vhe(⁝)vhakēd)
* Early Latin form of fēcit
** 7th century BC, Praeneste fibula:
    𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔:𐌌𐌄𐌃:𐌅𐌇𐌄⁝𐌅𐌇𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌃:𐌍𐌖𐌌𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌏𐌉MANIOS:MED:FHE⁝FHAKED:NVMASIOIManius made me for Numasius

### References

* ↑ Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 171
* ↑ “Old Latin: FHEFHAKED”, in WordReference.com, 2019.
* ↑ Danny L. Bate (2020 November 11) “Re-Reduplication in La-Latin”, in blog at WordPress.com‎.
# 加拉帕戈斯羣島
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 加拉帕戈斯羣島 – see 加拉帕戈斯群島 (“the Galapagos Islands”). (This term is a variant form of 加拉帕戈斯群島).
# пулемёт
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | پۋلەميوت |
| Cyrillic | пулемёт |
| Latin | pulemiot |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пулемёт (pulemjót).

### Noun

пулемёт • (pulemet)
* machine gun

## Kyrgyz
### Etymology

From Russian пулемёт (pulemjót).

### Noun

пулемёт • (pulemyot) (Arabic spelling پۇلەميوت)
* machine gun

### References

* КЫРГЫЗСКО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ-40 000 слов-Составитель К. К. Юдахин.

## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠧᠮᠶ᠋ᠣᠲ (pülēmyot) | пулемёт (pulemjot) |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пулемёт (pulemjót).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰuɮmʲɔˑtʰ/

### Noun

пулемёт • (pulemjot) (definite plural пулемётууд); (regular declension)
* machine gun

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

From пу́ля (púlja) +‎ -е- (-e-) +‎ -мёт (-mjót), combining form of мета́ть (metátʹ, “to throw”).
Attested since the 1880s, at the time to denote Maxim guns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʊlʲɪˈmʲɵt]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

пулемёт • (pulemjót) m inan (genitive пулемёта, nominative plural пулемёты, genitive plural пулемётов, relational adjective пулемётный)
* machine gun
    7,62-мм пулемёт ― 7,62-mm pulemjót ― .30 caliber machine gun

#### Derived terms

* пистоле́т-пулемёт (pistolét-pulemjót)
* пулемётный (pulemjótnyj)
* пулемётчик (pulemjótčik)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: գնդացիր (gndacʻir) (calque)
* → Azerbaijani: pulemyot
* → Buryat: пулемёт (puljemjot)
* → Chechen: пилмот (pilmot)
* → Georgian: პულიმიოტი (ṗulimioṭi)
* → Kazakh: пулемёт (pulemet)
* → Kyrgyz: пулемёт (pulemyot)
* → Latvian: ložmetējs (calque)
* → Mongolian: пулемёт (pulemjot)
* → Polish: kulomiot (semantic loan)
* → Turkmen: pulemýot
* → Tuvan:
    Latin script: pylemɵt (/⁠бүлемөт⁠/, obsolete)
    Cyrillic script: пулемёт (pulemyot)
* → Yakut: пулемёт (pulemot), бүлүмүөт (bülümüöt)

#### See also

* миномёт (minomjót)

## Yakut
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пулемёт m (pulemjót, “machine gun”).

### Noun

пулемёт • (pulemot)
* (firearms) a machine gun

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Alternative forms

* бүлүмүөт (bülümüöt)
# low-income
## English
### Adjective

low-income (comparative lower-income, superlative lowest-income)
* Not earning much money, or designed for people who do not earn much money.
    Antonym: high-income
    low-income housing
    low-income family
** 2023 February 13, Chad Marlow & Jay Stanley, “How to Pump the Brakes on Your Police Department’s Use of Flock’s Mass Surveillance License Plate Readers”, in ACLU‎:We don’t find every use of ALPRs objectionable. For example, we do not generally object to using them to check license plates against lists of stolen cars, for AMBER Alerts, or for toll collection, provided they are deployed and used fairly and subject to proper checks and balances, such as ensuring devices are not disproportionately deployed in low-income communities and communities of color, and that the “hot lists” they are run against are legitimate and up to date.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “low-income”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.
* “low-income” in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Longman.
# 未撇朱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Gan (Wiktionary): 'ui$^5$ piet$^6$ jy$^3$
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'ui$^5$ piet$^6$ jy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈui¹¹ pʰiɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕy²¹³/

### Proper noun

未撇朱
* (Gan) Used to differentiate the surname 朱 (zhū).

#### Synonyms

* 朱 (zhū)
# 綜合效果器
## Chinese

| | | to compile; to assemble; to put togetherto compile; to assemble; to put together; to synthesize | effects unit |
| trad. (綜合效果器) | trad. (綜合效果器) | 綜合 | 效果器 |
| simp. $^#$(綜合效果器) | simp. $^#$(綜合效果器) | 綜合 | 效果器 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōnghéxiàoguǒqì
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄑㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōnghéxiàoguǒqì
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zonghésiàoguǒcì
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$-ho$^2$-hsiao$^4$-kuo$^3$-chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: dzūng-hé-syàu-gwǒ-chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonghershiawguoochih
*** Palladius: цзунхэсяогоци (czunxɛsjaogoci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

### Noun

綜合效果器
* multi-effects
# lampada
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin lampada, from lampas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlam.pa.da/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ampada
* Hyphenation: làm‧pa‧da

### Noun

lampada f (plural lampade)
* lamp, light

#### Derived terms

* lampada a cherosene
* lampada a scarica
* lampada a spirito
* lampada ad arco
* lampada ad incandescenza
* lampada al neon
* lampada allo xeno
* lampada alogena
* lampada da tavolo
* lampada di Davy
* lampada di sicurezza
* lampada fluorescente
* lampadedromia

#### Related terms

* lampa
* lampadina
* lampare

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlam.pa.da/, [ˈɫ̪ämpäd̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlam.pa.da/, [ˈlämpäd̪ä]

### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás).

#### Noun

lampada f
* accusative singular of lampas

### Etymology 2

From Byzantine Greek λαμπάδα (lampáda).

#### Noun

lampada f (genitive lampadae); first declension
* Alternative form of lampas

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian
** Italian: lampara, → lampada
* Old French: lampe (see there for further descendants)
** French: lampe
** Walloon: lampe
* West Iberian
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: llámpara
** Old Galician-Portuguese: lampaa
*** Galician: lampa
*** Portuguese: lampa
** Old Spanish:
*** Spanish: lámpada, lámpara
**** > Chavacano: lampara (inherited)
**** → Ilocano: lampara
**** → Tagalog: lampara
* → Catalan: làmpada
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: lampada
** Galician: lámpada
** Portuguese: lâmpada
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lantada
** Catalan: llàntia

#### References

* “lampada”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* lampada in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lampada in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Participle

lampada f sg
* feminine singular of lampado
# es krim
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English ice cream. Modelled after Malay aiskrim.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˌɛs ˈkrim/ [ˌɛs ˈkrɪm]
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: es krim

### Noun

es krim (uncountable)
* ice cream

### References

* ↑ Kwik Khing Djoen (1923) Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe, Batavia: Sin Po, page 146

### Further reading

* “es krim” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pisior
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpi.ɕɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɕɔr
* Syllabification: pi‧sior

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

pisior m animal
* (colloquial) wiener
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:prącie

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From PiS +‎ -or.

#### Noun

pisior m pers
* (politics, slang, offensive) member of the Law and Justice party
    Synonyms: pisowiec, pisuar
* (politics, slang, offensive) supporter of the Law and Justice party
    Synonyms: pisowiec, pisuar

##### Related terms

* pisowski

### Further reading

* pisior in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pisior at Obserwatorium językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
* pisior in miejski.pl
# Main Belt
## English
### Proper noun

the Main Belt
* Alternative letter-case form of main belt

### Anagrams

* bailment, bimental, libament, mintable
# ꦮꦫꦸꦁ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese warung, waruṅ (“temporary lodging-place”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wa.rʊŋ/
* Rhymes: -rʊŋ
* Hyphenation: wa‧rung

### Noun

ꦮꦫꦸꦁ (warung)
* small shop, food stall.

#### Derived terms

* ꦩꦫꦸꦁ (marung)

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: warong
* → Indonesian: warung
** → Tetum: warung
* → Malay: warung
** → English: warung
** → Min Nan: 亞朗／亚朗 (a-lóng), 阿朗 (a-lóng)
* → Malay: barung
* → Peranakan Indonesian: waroeng

### References

* ↑ Salmon Claudine. Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges. In: Archipel, volume 78, 2009. pp. 181-208

### Further reading

* “warung” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# datuk bandar
## Malay
### Etymology

From datuk (“elder; chief”) +‎ bandar (“town”), literally “town elder or chief”

### Noun

datuk bandar (Jawi spelling داتوق باندر, plural datuk-datuk bandar, informal 1st possessive datuk bandarku, 2nd possessive datuk bandarmu, 3rd possessive datuk bandarnya)
* mayor
    Synonym: wali kota (Indonesian)

### Further reading

* “datuk bandar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# škôlkar
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃku̯olkar]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

škôlkar m pers (female equivalent škôlkarka, relational adjective škôlkarský)
* (colloquial) kindergartner
* nursery man

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “škôlkar”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# nahradit
## Czech
### Etymology

From na- +‎ hradit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnaɦraɟɪt]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

nahradit pf (imperfective nahrazovat)
* to replace, to substitute

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | nahradit, nahraditi | Active adjective | nahradivší |
| Verbal noun | nahrazení | Passive adjective | nahrazený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | nahradím | nahradíme | — | nahraďme |
| 2nd person | nahradíš | nahradíte | nahraď | nahraďte |
| 3rd person | nahradí | nahradí | — | — |
* The verb nahradit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | nahradil | nahradili | nahrazen | nahrazeni |
| masculine inanimate | nahradil | nahradily | nahrazen | nahrazeny |
| feminine | nahradila | nahradily | nahrazena | nahrazeny |
| neuter | nahradilo | nahradila | nahrazeno | nahrazena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | nahradiv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | nahradivši |
| plural | — | nahradivše |

#### Derived terms

* nahraditelný
* náhrada
* náhradnice
* náhradní
* náhradník

### Further reading

* “nahraditi”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nahraditi”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “nahradit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Flüchtling
## German
### Etymology

From Flucht +‎ -ling or flüchten +‎ -ling.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈflʏçtlɪŋ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Flüchtling m (strong, genitive Flüchtlings, plural Flüchtlinge, feminine (archaic) Flüchtlingin)
* refugee
** 2010, Friederike Ott, “Im Garten der Regeln”, in Der Spiegel, number 35, page 102:Es leben etwa 300 000 Bürger des ehemaligen Jugoslawien in der Schweiz, kaum ein Staat hat damals im Verhältnis zu seiner Einwohnerzahl so viele Flüchtlinge aufgenommen.There are about 300,000 citizens of the former Yugoslavia living in Switzerland, hardly any state took in so many refugees in relation to its population at that time.
* fugitive, escapee
** 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Studierzimmer”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl., 1870:Bist du, Geselle / Ein Flüchtling der Hölle? / So sieh dies Zeichen / Dem sie sich beugen, / Die schwarzen Scharen!Art thou, my gay one, / Hell's fugitive stray-one? / The sign witness now, / Before which they bow, The cohorts of Hell!

#### Synonyms

* Flüchtiger

#### Derived terms

* Armutsflüchtling
* Bootsflüchtling
* Flüchtlingsansturm
* Flüchtlingsarbeit
* Flüchtlingsausweis
* Flüchtlingsbewegungen
* Flüchtlingsboot
* Flüchtlingscamp
* Flüchtlingsdebatte
* Flüchtlingsdrama
* Flüchtlingseigenschaft
* Flüchtlingselend
* Flüchtlingsfamilie
* Flüchtlingsfonds
* Flüchtlingsfrage
* Flüchtlingsgemeinde
* Flüchtlingsgeschichte
* Flüchtlingsgipfel
* Flüchtlingsheim
* Flüchtlingshilfe
* Flüchtlingshilfegesetz
* Flüchtlingshilfswerk
* Flüchtlingsintegration
* Flüchtlingskatastrophe
* Flüchtlingskind
* Flüchtlingskolonne
* Flüchtlingskommissar
* Flüchtlingskonvention
* Flüchtlingskoordinator
* Flüchtlingskoordinatorin
* Flüchtlingskrise f (“refugee crisis”)
* Flüchtlingslager n (“refugee camp”)
* Flüchtlingsobergrenze
* Flüchtlingsorganisation
* Flüchtlingspolitik
* Flüchtlingsproblem
* Flüchtlingsquote
* Flüchtlingsrat
* Flüchtlingsrecht
* Flüchtlingsroute
* Flüchtlingsschicksal
* Flüchtlingsschiff
* Flüchtlingsstatus
* Flüchtlingsstrom
* Flüchtlingstragödie
* Flüchtlingstreck
* Flüchtlingstrupp
* Flüchtlingsunterkunft
* Flüchtlingsverteilung
* Flüchtlingswelle
* Flüchtlingszahl
* Flüchtlingszentrum
* Flüchtlingszug
* Flüchtlingszuwanderung
* Gartenflüchtling
* Gefangenschaftsflüchtling
* Klimaflüchtling
* Konventionsflüchtling
* Kriegsflüchtling
* Kulturflüchtling
* Ostflüchtling
* Republikflüchtling
* Steuerflüchtling
* Umweltflüchtling
* Weltflüchtling
* Wirtschaftsflüchtling m (“economic refugee”)
* Zonenflüchtling

### See also

* Ausländer
* Auswanderer
* Einwanderer
* Emigrant
* Fremder
* Fuoruscito
* Heimatvertriebener
* Immigrant
* Refugié
* Spätvertriebener
* Vertriebener

### Further reading

* “Flüchtling” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Flüchtling” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Flüchtling” in Duden online
* Flüchtling on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# magşuk
## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْشُوق (maʕšūq). Cognates with Turkish maşuk.

### Noun

magşuk (definite accusative magşugy, plural magşuklar)
* lover, girlfriend

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “magşuk” in Enedilim.com
* “magşuk” in Webonary.org
# पठति
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পঠতি (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬞᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
* পঠতি (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰙𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀞𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* ပဌတိ (Burmese script)
* પઠતિ (Gujarati script)
* ਪਠਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌠𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦜꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂘𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
* ಪಠತಿ (Kannada script)
* បឋតិ (Khmer script)
* ປຐຕິ (Lao script)
* പഠതി (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠᡱᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘙𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠᢍᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑦹𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐛𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
* ପଠତି (Odia script)
* ꢦꢝꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆜𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖙𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
* පඨති (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩧𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚕𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
* பட²தி (Tamil script)
* పఠతి (Telugu script)
* ปฐติ (Thai script)
* པ་ཋ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒚𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨕𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan, whence Pali paṭhati. Probably further from unattested Sanskrit *पृथति (pṛthati, “spreads”), from the root प्रथ् (prath, “to spread”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂-), with a shift in meaning from "spreading out" of rehearsed text during an oral recitation, and/or because books and scrolls are spread out when they are read. See पठ् (paṭh) for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɐ́.ʈʰɐ.ti/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpɐ.ʈʰɐ.t̪i/

### Verb

पठति • (páṭhati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root पठ्)
* to read
* to read aloud, recite
* to study, peruse
* to invoke a deity
* to cite a book

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri:
*** Devanagari script: परुन (parun)
*** Arabic script: پَرُن (parun)
* Pali: paṭhati
* Prakrit: 𑀧𑀠𑀇 (paḍhaï) (see there for further descendants)
* → Malayalam: പഠിക്കുക (paṭhikkuka)
* → Tamil: படி (paṭi)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पठति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 580, column 1.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 93
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “PAṬH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 68
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 193
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “páṭhati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# brand spanking new
## English
### Etymology

Apparently a blend of brand new +‎ spanking new, with spanking coming to serve as an intensifier.

### Adjective

brand spanking new
* (slang) Utterly new, as new as possible.

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:new

#### Derived terms

* brand spankers

#### Related terms

* brand new
* spanking new
# McD's
## English
### Etymology

Abbreviation of McDonald's.

### Proper noun

McD's
* (informal) McDonald's restaurant

#### Synonyms

* Mickey D's (US)
* Maccies, Maccy D's (UK, chiefly England)
* Macca's (Australia, New Zealand)
* McDo (Philippines)

#### Related terms

* McD

### Anagrams

* DCMS, MDCs, cmds, MCSD, DCMs, CDMs
# doslova
## Czech
### Etymology

From do +‎ slovo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdoslova]

### Adverb

doslova
* literally

### Further reading

* “doslova”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “doslova”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “doslova”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Univerbation of do +‎ slova.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɔslɔva]

### Adverb

doslova
* literally, verbatim

### Further reading

* “doslova”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# cosecha
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koˈset͡ʃa/ [koˈse.t͡ʃa]
* Rhymes: -etʃa
* Syllabification: co‧se‧cha

### Etymology 1

From older cogecha, feminine form of cogecho (“gathered, collected”), from Latin collēcta, collēctus (“gathered”), from colligō (“to gather, collect”). Compare Asturian collecha, Galician colleita, Portuguese colheita, Catalan collita, Occitan culhida, French cueillette. Cf. the borrowed doublet colecta.

#### Noun

cosecha f (plural cosechas)
* harvest, crop
    mala cosecha ― poor harvest
* vintage (of wine)
    Synonym: vendimia

##### Derived terms

* ácaro de la cosecha
* cosechar
* de cosecha propia

##### Related terms

* coger

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

cosecha
* inflection of cosechar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “cosecha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# avulsivo
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French avulsif, derived from Latin āvulsus (“torn off”), perfect passive participle of āvellō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.vulˈsi.vo/
* Rhymes: -ivo
* Hyphenation: a‧vul‧sì‧vo

### Adjective

avulsivo (feminine avulsiva, masculine plural avulsivi, feminine plural avulsive)
* (phonetics, relational) click
    Synonym: (uncommon) schioccante
    consonante avulsiva ― click consonant

#### Related terms

* avellere
* avulsione
* avulso

### Further reading

* avulsivo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana