# شاه
## Arabic

* Root
* ش و ه (š w h)
* 7 terms

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

شَاهَ • (šāha) I (non-past يَشُوهُ (yašūhu), verbal noun شَوْه (šawh))
* to be or become ugly, misshapen

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاه (šāh).

#### Noun

شَاه • (šāh) m
* shah
* (chess) king
    شاه مات (šāh māt) — checkmate

##### Synonyms

* ملك (in chess)

##### Derived terms

* شَاهَة (šāha)

##### Descendants

* → Basque: xake
* → Czech: šach
* → Galician: xaque
* → Portuguese: xeque, xaque
* → Slovak: šach
* → Slovene: šah
* → Spanish: jaque
* → Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
** Italian: scacco
** Old French: eschec
*** French: échec
**** → Catalan: xec
*** → Middle Dutch: scaec
**** Dutch: schaak
**** → Danish: skak
*** → Middle English: chek, chekke
**** English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
*** → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
**** English: chess
**** Scots: chess
** → Middle High German: schāch
*** German: Schach
**** → Russian: шах (šax)
***** → Armenian: շախ (šax)
**** → Hungarian: sakk
**** → Luxembourgish: Schach
**** → Romanian: șah
**** → Swedish: schack
***** → Finnish: shakki, šakki
** → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
** → Medieval Latin: scaccarium
*** Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
**** Middle French: eschiquier
***** French: échiquier
**** Norman: êchitchi
**** → Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)

#### See also

Chess pieces in Arabic · (layout · text) :
| شَاه (šāh) | وَزِير (wazīr) | رُخّ (ruḵḵ) – قَلْعَة (qalʕa) | فِيل (fīl) | حِصَان (ḥiṣān) | بَيْدَق (baydaq) – جُنْدِيّ (jundiyy) |

## Khalaj
### Noun

شاه (şâh) (definite accusative شاهؽ, plural شاهلار)
* Arabic spelling of şâh (“shah”)

#### Declension
## Malay
### Interjection

شاه
* Jawi spelling of syah‎.

### Noun

شاه (plural شاه-شاه or شاه۲, informal 1st possessive شاهکو, 2nd possessive شاهمو, 3rd possessive شاهڽ)
* Jawi spelling of syah‎.

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* شه (šah)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /⁠šāh⁠/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /⁠xšāyaθiya⁠/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃɒːʱ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃɔʱ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | شاه |
| Iranian Persian | شاه |
| Tajik | шоҳ |
شاه • (šâh) (plural شاهان (šâhân))
* king; shah
* (chess) king
* (in compounds) Something that is the biggest or the best of its kind.
* (archaic) bridegroom, son-in-law, or brother-in-law
** 10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
    مگر شاه را نزد ماه آوریم / به نزدیک او پایگاه آوریمmagar šâh râ nazd-e mâh âvarim / be nazdik-e 'u pâygâh âvarim[... We shall not give up] unless we bring the groom (Zāl) before the Moon (metaphor: Rudāba), / and settle him by her side.
    Synonyms: داماد (dâmâd), شاه‌داماد (šâh-dâmâd)

#### Derived terms

* شاه مات (šâh mât)
* شاهدخت (šâh-doxt)
* شاهدزد (šâhdozd)
* شاهراه (šâhrâh)
* شاهرود (šâhrud)
* شاهرگ (šâh-rag)
* شاهزاده (šâh-zâde)
* شاهسپرم (šâhasparam)
* شاهنامه (šâh-nâme)
* شاهنشاه (šâhanšâh)
* شاهکار (šâh-kâr)
* شاه‌بلوط (šâh-balut)
* شاه‌توت (šâh-tut)
* شاه‌داماد (šâh-dâmâd)
* شاه‌دانه (šâh-dâne)
* شاه‌طوطی (šâh-tuti)

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
** → Basque: xake
** → Czech: šach
** → Galician: xaque
** → Portuguese: xeque, xaque
** → Slovak: šach
** → Slovene: šah
** → Spanish: jaque
** → Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
*** Italian: scacco
*** Old French: eschec
**** French: échec
***** → Catalan: xec
**** → Middle Dutch: scaec
***** Dutch: schaak
***** → Danish: skak
**** → Middle English: chek, chekke
***** English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
**** → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
***** English: chess
***** Scots: chess
*** → Middle High German: schāch
**** German: Schach
***** → Russian: шах (šax)
****** → Armenian: շախ (šax)
***** → Hungarian: sakk
***** → Luxembourgish: Schach
***** → Romanian: șah
***** → Swedish: schack
****** → Finnish: shakki, šakki
*** → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
*** → Medieval Latin: scaccarium
**** Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
***** Middle French: eschiquier
****** French: échiquier
***** Norman: êchitchi
***** → Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)
* → Azerbaijani: şah
* → Bashkir: шаһ (şah)
* → Belarusian: шах (šax)
* → Bengali: শাহ (śah)
* → Bulgarian: шах (šah)
* → Catalan: xa
* → Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)
* → Danish: shah
* → Dutch: sjah
* → English: shah
* → Estonian: šahh
* → Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki
* → French: schah, chah, shah
* → Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)
* → German: schah
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: शाह (śāh)
** Urdu: شاہ (śāh)
* → Hungarian: sakk
* → Irish: seá
* → Italian: scià
* → Japanese: シャー (shā)
* → Kazakh: шаһ (şah)
* → Khalaj: şâh
* → Korean: 샤 (sya)
* → Kumyk: шагь (şah)
* → Kyrgyz: шах (şah)
* → Latvian: šahs
* → Lezgi: шагь (šah)
* → Lithuanian: šachas
* → Macedonian: шах (šah)
* → Malay: syah
* → Mongolian: шах (šax)
* → Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)
** Armenian: շահ (šah)
* → Norwegian: sjah
* → Old Norse: skák
** Faroese: skák
** Icelandic: skák
** Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
** Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk
* → Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)
** Turkish: şah
** → Albanian: shah
** → Hungarian: sah
** → Romanian: șah
* → Pashto: شاه (šāh)
* → Polish: szach
* → Portuguese: xá
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)
** Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)
* → Romansch: schah
* → Russian: шах (šax)
** → Armenian: շախ (šax)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Cyrillic script: шах
** Latin script: šah
* → Spanish: sah
* → Swedish: shah
* → Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)
* → Tatar: шаһ (şah)
* → Turkish: şah
* → Turkmen: şah
* → Ukrainian: шах (šax)
* → Uyghur: شاھ (shah)
* → Uzbek: shoh
* → Vietnamese: sa
* → Zazaki: şağ

#### See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text) :
| شاه (šâh) | وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin) | رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e) | فیل (fil) | اسب (asb) | پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz) |