# 淵

| 淵 | U+6DF5, &#28149; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DF5 |
| ← 淴 [U+6DF4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 淶 → [U+6DF6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

淵 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8 in Chinese, 水+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水中難中 (ELXL), four-corner 3210$_0$, composition ⿰氵𣶒)
* gulf, abyss, deep
* surge up, bubble up, gush forth

#### Derived characters

* 𨖳, 奫, 𪔱, 𩁵, 𭏰, 鼝, 㘤, 𱩞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17692
* Dae Jaweon: page 1035, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1681, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6DF5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 淵
* Shang
* Oracle bone script
| | Old Chinese |
| 婣 | *qin |
| 鼘 | *qrin, *qʷiːn |
| 囦 | *qʷiːn |
| 淵 | *qʷiːn |
| 裫 | *qʷiːns |
| 奫 | *qʷrin |
Originally 𣶒 in oracle bone script; Pictogram (象形) of a basin with water. Bronze inscriptions added vertical strokes resembling riverbanks around the character, and the semantic component 氵.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuān (yuan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
* Eastern Min (BUC): iŏng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ian
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ioe / $^1$iuon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^1$
*** Yale: ywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^1$
*** Yale: yūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
*** Tâi-lô: ian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ioe
*** MiniDict: ioe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$yoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /yø⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$iuon
*** MiniDict: iuon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /yõ³³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit淵 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /yan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /yã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /yã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /yan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /yɛ̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /yɛn⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ian⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /yen³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yĩ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ye¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ye̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ye³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /yø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /iø⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔyõ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠y³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /yɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yẽ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yɵn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ian⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒet̚¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyn⁵³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ian⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /yiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /in²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'wen
Rime :
| Character | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 烏玄切 |
| Baxter | 'wen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔwen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuen/ |
| Wang Li | /iwen/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔiwen/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ʷˤi[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷiːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ʔ]ʷˁi[ŋ]/ |
| English | abyss |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16099 |
| Phonetic component | 淵 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 淵 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷiːn/ |

### Definitions

淵
* abyss; deep water
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
    Tàn yuān zhě zhī qiān rèn zhī shēn, xiàn shéng zhī shù yě. [Pinyin]
    If, in measuring an abyss, you know that it is a thousand fathoms deep, it is owing to the figures which you find by dropping a string.
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Qiě rǔ mèng wèi niǎo ér lì hū tiān, mèng wèi yú ér mò yú yuān, bù shí jīn zhī yán zhě, qí jiào zhě hū, mèng zhě hū? [Pinyin]
    Moreover you dream that you are a bird, and seem to be soaring to the sky; or that you are a fish, and seem to be diving in the deep. But you do not know whether we that are now speaking are awake or in a dream.
* deep; profound
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Yuān xī, sì wànwù zhī zōng. [Pinyin]
    How deep and unfathomable it is, as if it were the Honoured Ancestor of all things!
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不測之淵 / 不测之渊
* 九淵 / 九渊
* 冰淵 / 冰渊
* 判若天淵 / 判若天渊
* 加膝墜淵 / 加膝坠渊
* 塞淵 / 塞渊
* 天淵 / 天渊 (tiānyuān)
* 天淵之別 / 天渊之别 (tiānyuānzhībié)
* 如臨深淵 / 如临深渊 (rúlínshēnyuān)
* 如臨淵谷 / 如临渊谷
* 學問淵博 / 学问渊博
* 家學淵源 / 家学渊源
* 察見淵魚 / 察见渊鱼
* 寸指測淵 / 寸指测渊
* 山峙淵渟 / 山峙渊渟
* 嶽峙淵渟 / 岳峙渊渟
* 挑戰者深淵 / 挑战者深渊 (Tiǎozhànzhě Shēnyuān)
* 探淵索珠 / 探渊索珠
* 文淵閣 / 文渊阁
* 洪淵 / 洪渊
* 淵博 / 渊博 (yuānbó)
* 淵塞 / 渊塞
* 淵思寂慮 / 渊思寂虑
* 淵泉 / 渊泉
* 淵海 / 渊海
* 淵淵 / 渊渊
* 深淵 / 深渊 (shēnyuān)
* 淵深 / 渊深 (yuānshēn)
* 深淵薄冰 / 深渊薄冰
* 淵渟岳峙 / 渊渟岳峙
* 淵渟嶽立 / 渊渟岳立
* 淵源 / 渊源 (yuānyuán)
* 淵源錄 / 渊源录
* 淵藪 / 渊薮
* 淵識 / 渊识
* 淵遠流長 / 渊远流长
* 淵鑑類函 / 渊鉴类函
* 淵魚叢爵 / 渊鱼丛爵
* 淵默 / 渊默
* 澶淵 / 澶渊 (Chányuān)
* 澶淵之盟 / 澶渊之盟
* 為淵敺魚 / 为渊驱鱼 (wèiyuānqūyú)
* 盜跖顏淵 / 盗跖颜渊
* 相去天淵 / 相去天渊
* 福如海淵 / 福如海渊
* 萬丈深淵 / 万丈深渊
* 積水成淵 / 积水成渊
* 脫網就淵 / 脱网就渊
* 臨淵履薄 / 临渊履薄
* 臨淵結網 / 临渊结网
* 臨淵羨魚 / 临渊羡鱼 (línyuānxiànyú)
* 虞淵 / 虞渊
* 重淵 / 重渊
* 靜淵 / 静渊
* 龍淵 / 龙渊

### References

* “淵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渊)
* abyss
* edge
* deep pool

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: ふち (fuchi, 淵)、かたい (katai, 淵い)、はなわ (hanawa, 淵)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 淵
* ふち Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 淵 – see the following entry. :
| 【ふち】 | [noun] deep pool of water, especially where a river has stagnated [noun] (figurative) predicament (difficult situation from which it is difficult to extricate oneself) Alternative spellings 潭, 渕 |
(This term, 淵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 淵 (MC 'wen). Recorded as Middle Korean 연 (yen) (Yale: yen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 淵 (eumhun 못 연 (mot yeon))
* hanja form of 연 (“abyss”)

#### Compounds

* 심연 (深淵, simyeon)
* 해연 (海淵, haeyeon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

淵: Hán Nôm readings: uyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.