# कूप
## Sanskrit
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-European *kúHp-o-s, from *kuHp- (“water vessel; hollow”), from *kew- (“bend, curve”). Cognate with Latin cupa, Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hollow”), κύπελλον (kúpellon), Old English hyf (whence English hive, qv).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kúː.pɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkuː.pɐ/

#### Noun

कूप • (kū́pa) stem, m
* a well; a hole dug in the ground as a source of water
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.17:त्रि॒तः कूपेऽव॑हितो दे॒वान्ह॑वत ऊ॒तये॑ । तच्छु॑श्राव॒ बृह॒स्पतिः॑ कृ॒ण्वन्नं॑हूर॒णादु॒रु वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी ॥tritáḥ kū́péʼvahito devā́nhavata ūtáye. tácchuśrāva bṛ́haspátiḥ kṛṇvánnaṃhūraṇā́durú vittáṃ me asyá rodasī.Trita, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour him. That call of his Bṛhaspati heard and released him from distress. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.
* hole, cavity
* leather oil vessel
* cave

##### Derived terms

* कूपक (kūpaka)

##### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kalasha: kuí
* Pali: kepa
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀬 (kūya)
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀧𑀬 (kuṃpaya)
** Central:
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀅 (kūvaa), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀕 (kūvaga)
**** Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)
***** Hindi: कुँआ (kũā)
**** Romani: kūpă
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: কুঁৱা (kũwa), কূপা (kupa)
**** Bengali: কুয়া (kuẏa)
**** Odia: କୂପୀ (kupi)
** Southern:
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘮𑘰 (kuhā)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Lahnda: کپا (kuppā)
***** Punjabi: khūh, kuppā, kuppī
    Gurmukhi script: ਖੂਹ, ਕੁੱਪਾ, ਕੁੱਪੀ
    Shahmukhi script: کھُہ, کُپَّا, کُپِّی
****** Bihari: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पी (kuppī)
****** Gujarati: કુપ્પો (kuppo), કુપ્પો (kuppo)
****** Hindustani: kuppā, kuppī
******* Hindi: कुप्पा, कुप्पी
******* Urdu: کُپَّا (kuppā), کُپِّی (kuppī)
****** Marathi: कुप्पा (kuppā)
****** Nepali: कुप्पा (kuppā), कुप्पि (kuppi)
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo
    Arabic script: ڪُپو, ڪُپِڙو
    Devanagari script: कुपो, कुपिड़ो
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Nepali: कुवा (kuwā)
** Southern:
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: kuppi
    Devanagari script: कुप्पि
    Kannada script: ಕುಪ್ಪಿ
    Latin script: kuppi
**** Marathi: कुपा (kupā), कुपी (kupī)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Old Gujarati:
***** Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo), કુંપો (kumpo), કુંપી (kumpī), કુપી (kupī)
***** Mewari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)
* → Telugu: కూపము (kūpamu)
* → Malay: kupi

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kuː.pɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkuː.pɐ/

#### Noun

कूप • (kūpa) stem, m
* mooring post, mast

##### Derived terms

* कूपक (kūpaka)

##### Descendants

* Pali: kūpa, kūpaka
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀬 (kūvaya)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ކުނބު (kuᵐbu)
**** Sinhalese: කුඹ (kuᵐba)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कूप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kupa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 176