OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# sérum
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Serum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛːrum]

### Noun

sérum n
* serum

#### Related terms

* sérologický
* sérologie

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin serum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /se.ʁɔm/

### Noun

sérum m (plural sérums)
* serum (all senses)

#### Derived terms

* maladie du sérum
* sérum anti-Rh
* sérum anticomplémentaire
* sérum antidiphtérique
* sérum antilymphocytaire
* sérum antirabique
* sérum antitétanique
* sérum antitoxique
* sérum antivenimeux
* sérum artificiel
* sérum de vérité
* sérum hétérologue
* sérum homologue
* sérum hyperimmun
* sérum immun
* sérum inactivé
* sérum monovalent
* sérum physiologique
* sérum sanguin
* sérum-albumine
* sérum-globuline
* sérumthérapie

#### Related terms

* séreux
* séro-

### References

* Jacques Quevauvilliers, Dictionnaire médical, Elsevier Masson, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 5th ed., 2007, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “sérum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* meurs, mures, mûres, muser, Sumer

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈseːrum]

### Noun

sérum n (relational adjective sérový)
* serum

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sérum”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾum/ [ˈse.ɾũm]
* Rhymes: -eɾum
* Syllabification: sé‧rum

### Noun

sérum m (plural sérums)
* serum

### Further reading

* “sérum”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# רככת
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* ר־כ־ך (r-k-k)
* 8 terms
From רַךְ (rákh, “soft”); a calque of Ancient Greek μαλακία (malakía).

### Noun

רַכֶּכֶת • (rakékhet) f [pattern: קַטֶּלֶת]
* (pathology) rickets (a disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones)
# Guagua
## English
### Proper noun

Guagua
* A municipality of Pampanga, Philippines.

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Guagua, from Kapampangan uaua.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡwaɡwə/ [ˈɡwäː.ɡwə]
* IPA: /ˈwawəʔ/ [ˈwäː.wəʔ] (obsolete)
* Hyphenation: Gua‧gua

### Proper noun

Guágua
* Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Kapampangan uaua.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡwaɡwa/ [ˈɡwa.ɣ̞wa]
* Rhymes: -aɡwa
* Syllabification: Gua‧gua

### Proper noun

Guagua f
* Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Guagua, from Kapampangan uaua.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ɡuˈaɡua/ [ˈɡwaː.ɡwɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɡua
* Syllabification: Gu‧ag‧ua

### Proper noun

Guáguá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜄᜓᜏ)
* Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)
# οἵων
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hǒi̯.ɔːn/ → /ˈy.on/ → /ˈi.on/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hǒi̯.ɔːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.on/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.on/

### Determiner

οἵων • (hoíōn)
* masculine/feminine/neuter genitive plural of οἷος (hoîos)
# ホッケレ
## Ainu
### Verb

ホッケレ • (hotkere)
* (transitive) to lay down
* (transitive) to put to bed

#### Related terms

* ホッケ (hotke): (intransitive) to lie down, to go to bed
# insent
## English
### Verb

insent
* simple past and past participle of insend

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈinˌsent/

### Verb

insent
* third-person singular present indicative of insendan
# ձձում
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ծըծո̈ւմ (cəcüm), ծըծօ̈մ (cəcöm), ծըծօ̈ում (cəcöum) — Moks, dialectological notation
* ձցում (jcʻum), ցցում (cʻcʻum)

### Etymology

The origin is unknown. Related to Northern Kurdish sirsûm, sursûm (“wooden butter churn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /d͡zəˈt͡sʰum/, [d͡zət͡sʰúm]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡səˈt͡sum/, [t͡sʰət͡sʰúm]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ձձում • (jjum) (dialectal)
* butter churn
    Synonym: խնոցի (xnocʻi)

#### Derived terms

* ձձմաթան (jjmatʻan)
* ձձմահան (jjmahan)
* ձձմահար (jjmahar)
* ձձմատիկ (jjmatik)
* ձձմել (jjmel)
* ձձմհար (jjmhar)
* ձձմվել (jjmvel)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “ձձում”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 691a
* Barseġyan, Hovhannes (1973) “ձձում”, in Hayeren uġġagrakan-uġġaxosakan, terminabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Orthographic–Orthoepic Terminological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Luys, page 612b
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1986) “Haykakan šertə urartakan dicʻaranum [Armenian Layer in the Urartian Pantheon]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Armenian), number 1, page 57 of 43–58
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “ձձում”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 456
* Orbeli, I. A. (2002) “ծըծո̈ւմ”, in Словарь наречия Мокса [Dictionary of Moks Dialect] (Избранные труды в двух томах; II.1)‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, →ISBN, page 254
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2004), “ձձում”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume III, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 337a
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2004), “ձցում”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume III, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 341b
# 苦旱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǔhàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$ hon$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-hǒaⁿ / khó-hōaⁿ / khó͘-hōaⁿ / khó͘-ǒaⁿ / khó͘-ōaⁿ / khò-ōaⁿ / khó-ōaⁿ / khò-hōaⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǔhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǔhàn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻu$^3$-han$^4$
*** Yale: kǔ-hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuhann
*** Palladius: кухань (kuxanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$ hon$^5$
*** Yale: fú hóhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$ hon$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$ hon$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵ hɔːn¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-hǒaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khóo-huǎnn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huã²²/
*** IPA (Philippines): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huã³³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ huã³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-hōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khó-huānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoy'hvoa
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huã³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huã³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-hōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khóo-huānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qofhvoa
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huã²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-ǒaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khóo-uǎnn
*** IPA (Hui'an): /kʰɔ⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã²²/
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-ōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khóo-uānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qof'voa
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã²²/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò-ōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khò-uānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoir'voa
*** IPA (Yilan): /kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ uã³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /kʰo¹²⁻⁵³ uã²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ uã³³/
** (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-ōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khó-uānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoy'voa
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò-hōaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khò-huānn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoirhvoa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ huã³³/

### Verb

苦旱
* (literary) to suffer from drought

### Noun

苦旱
* (Hokkien) drought

#### Synonyms

* 乾旱 / 干旱 (gānhàn)
* 亢旱 (kànghàn) (literary)
* 做旱 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 天乾 / 天干 (Wu, Xiang)
* 天旱 (tiānhàn)
* 天遭乾 / 天遭干 (tienn$^1$ zau$^1$ gan$^1$) (Xiang)
* 年荒 (Hokkien)
* 旱 (hàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 旱災 / 旱灾 (hànzāi)
* 歹年冬 (Hokkien)
* 水荒 (shuǐhuāng)
# пересохла
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈsoxɫə]

### Verb

пересо́хла • (peresóxla)
* short feminine singular past indicative perfective of пересо́хнуть (peresóxnutʹ)

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pereˈsɔxɫɐ]

### Verb

пересо́хла • (peresóxla)
* feminine singular past indicative of пересо́хнути pf (peresóxnuty)
    Alternative form: пересо́хнула (peresóxnula)
* feminine singular past indicative of пересо́хти pf (peresóxty)

### Participle

пересо́хла • (peresóxla)
* feminine nominative/accusative singular of пересо́хлий (peresóxlyj)
# תועלת
## Hebrew

* Root
* י־ע־ל (y-ʿ-l)
* 7 terms

### Noun

תּוֹעֶלֶת • (to'élet) f
* benefit, utility

### References

* “תועלת” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# Hypsas
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Hypsa

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ὕψας (Húpsas).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈhyp.saːs/, [ˈhʏps̠äːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈip.sas/, [ˈipsäs]

### Proper noun

Hypsās m sg (genitive Hypsae); first declension
* A river of Sicily flowing into the sea near Selinus, now the river Belice

#### Declension

First-declension noun (masculine Greek-type with nominative singular in -ās), singular only.

### References

* “Hypsas”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* Hypsa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# híŋháŋni
## Lakota
### Interjection

híŋháŋni
* Ellipsis of híŋhaŋni wašté.
* good morning

#### Coordinate terms

* aŋpétu wašté
* haŋhépi wašté
# tlahcuilolli
## Central Nahuatl
### Noun

tlahcuilolli
* (Amecameca) writing

## Classical Nahuatl
### Alternative forms

* tlacuilolli (obsolete spelling)

### Etymology

From tla- +‎ ihcuiloa (“to write, draw”) +‎ -lli.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɬaʔ.kʷiˈloː.lːi]

### Noun

tlahcuilōlli (inanimate)
* Something painted; a painting.
** 1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 196v:Pintada coſa. tlacuilolli. / […] Pintura. tlacuilolli. tlacuiloliztli.Something painted. tlacuilolli. / […] A painting. tlacuilolli. tlacuiloliztli.
* Something written; writing, a written document.
** 1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 112v:Eſcriptura como quiera. tlacuilloli.Writing, in any manner. tlacuilloli.

#### Derived terms

* cexiuhtlahcuilōlli
* cēcemilhuitlahcuilōlli
* iztlacatlahcuilōlli
* melāhuacātlahcuilōlli
* nemiliztlahcuilōlli
* tilmahtlahcuilōlli
* tlaīcāmpa tlahcuilōlli
* āmatlahcuilōlli

#### Related terms

* cuauhtlahcuilōlli
* tetlahcuilōlli

### References

* Alonso de Molina (1571) Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Editorial Porrúa
# やうやく
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of やうやく – see the following entry. :
| 【漸ようやく】 | [adverb] at last; at length; finally [adverb] gradually [adverb] scarcely; hardly; barely |
(This term, やうやく (yauyaku), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) :
# kebra
## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese quebrar.

### Verb

kebra
* break
# תחושה
## Hebrew

* Root
* ח־ו־שׁ (kh-w-sh)
* 5 terms

### Noun

תְּחוּשָׁה • (t'khushá) f (singular construct תְּחוּשַׁת־)
* sense, sensation

### References

* “תחושה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* תחושה on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# Ὕψας
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈyp.sas/ → /ˈip.sas/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)yp.sas/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈyp.sas/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈyp.sas/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈip.sas/

### Proper noun

Ὕψᾱς • (Húpsās) m (genitive Ὕψου); first declension
* river Hypsas; river Belice, Sicily, Italy

#### Descendants

* → Latin: Hypsas

### References

* ↑ Geography (Ptolemy), 3.4.6.
# เปรียบ
## Thai
### Etymology

From Angkorian Old Khmer pryap (“to set side by side; to compare; to weigh; comparison”); compare Modern Khmer ប្រៀប (priəp, “to compare; to match up with; comparison; analogy”).
Cognate with Lao ປຽບ (pīap), Northern Thai ᨷᩕ᩠ᨿᨷ. Related to เรียบ (rîiap).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เปรียบ e p r ī y ɓ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เปฺรียบ e p ̥ r ī y ɓ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | bprìiap |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | priap |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /pria̯p̚˨˩/ |

### Verb

เปรียบ • (bprìiap) (abstract noun การเปรียบ)
* (transitive) to compare.

#### Derived terms

* ได้เปรียบ (dâi-bprìiap)
* เปรียบเทียบ (bprìiap-tîiap)
* เปรียบเหมือน
* เสียเปรียบ (sǐia-bprìiap)
* เอาเปรียบ (ao-bprìiap)
# aristo-
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄριστος (áristos, “best”).

### Prefix

aristo-
* upper class, nobility
    e.g. aristocide, aristocracy
* aristocracy
    e.g. aristocratic, aristodemocracy, aristomonarchy
* the best, superior, ideal
    e.g. aristophagist, aristophrenic, aristotype

#### Derived terms

* aristocide
* aristocracy
* aristocrat
* aristocratic
* aristodemocracy
* aristodemocratic
* aristomonarchy
* aristogene
* aristogenesis
* aristogenic
* Aristography
* aristophagist
* aristophrenic
* aristotype

### Anagrams

* à trois, Oirats, aorist, Artois, ratios, Sirota, raotis, satori, Rosati

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄριστος (áristos, “best”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ʁis.to/

### Prefix

aristo-
* aristo-
# G-quadruplexes
## English
### Noun

G-quadruplexes
* plural of G-quadruplex
# навколо
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Univerbation of на (na) +‎ в (v) +‎ ко́ло (kólo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐu̯ˈkɔɫɔ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

навко́ло • (navkólo)
* around, about, round
    Synonyms: довкі́л (dovkíl), довко́ла (dovkóla), круго́м (kruhóm), навкру́г (navkrúh), навкруги́ (navkruhý), наоко́ло (naokólo)

### Preposition

навко́ло • (navkólo) (+ genitive case)
* around, about, round
    Synonyms: довкі́л (dovkíl), довко́ла (dovkóla), круго́м (kruhóm), навкру́г (navkrúh), навкруги́ (navkruhý), наоко́ло (naokólo)

#### Derived terms

* навколозе́мний (navkolozémnyj)
* навколомі́сячний (navkolomísjačnyj)
* навколоплане́тний (navkoloplanétnyj)
* навколоплі́дний (navkoloplídnyj)
* навколополя́рний (navkolopoljárnyj)
* навколосві́тній (navkolosvítnij)
* навколосерце́вий (navkolosercévyj)
* навколосо́нячний (navkolosónjačnyj)
* навколососко́вий (navkolososkóvyj)
* навколоя́дерний (navkolojádernyj)

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2018), “навколо”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 9 (міщани́н – насту́кувати), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “навколо”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “навколо”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “навколо”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “навколо”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “навколо”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# imitativity
## English
### Etymology

From imitative +‎ -ity.

### Noun

imitativity (uncountable)
* The quality of being imitative.
# הושתק
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* שׁ־ת־ק (sh-t-q)
* 6 terms
Passive of הִשְׁתּיק (hishtík), from the root שׁ־ת־ק (sh-t-k).

### Verb

הושתק / הֻשְׁתַּק • (hushták) (huf'al construction, active counterpart הִשְׁתִּיק)
* (of a person) To be silenced.
** 2020 March 22, סוכנויות הידיעות ואיתמר אייכנר (news agencies and Itamar Eichner), “הרופא הושתק ומת מהקורונה: סין מתנצלת” (harofé hushták umét meihakoróna: sín mitnatsélet, “The doctor was silenced and died of the coronavirus: China apologizes”), Ynet.
* (of a piece of sound equipment) To be silenced, muted.
** 2020 October 20, דני מולכו (Danny Moljo), “מיקרופונים יושתקו בעימות הנשיאותי האחרון; טראמפ: ‘לא הוגן’” (mikrofónim yushtakú ba'imút han'si'utí ha'akharón; trámp: “ló hogén”, “Microphones will be muted in the last presidential debate; Trump: ‘not fair’”), Channel 13 News.
# ⇒

| ⇒ | U+21D2, &#8658; RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW |
| ← ⇑ [U+21D1] | Arrows | ⇓ → [U+21D3] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* Read in English as implies or imply.

### Symbol

* (logic) An implication.
# dross
## English
### Alternative forms

* drosse (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English drosse, dros, from Old English drōs, from Proto-Germanic *drōhs (“dregs, sediment”).
Also compare Old English drōsna, drōsne (“a ground, sediment, lees, dregs, dirt, ear wax”), from Proto-Germanic *drōhsnǭ, *drōhsnō (“dregs, sediment”), derived from *drōhs. Alternatively, this may be from *dragjō +‎ *-snō (“yeast, sediment”; compare *dragjō (“yeast”)), as if from *drēcg +‎ -sn.
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrā́ks (“sediment, yeast”).
Cognate with Scots dros, drose, drosse (“small particles, fragments, dross”), Middle Dutch droes (“dregs”), Dutch droesem (“dregs”), German Drusen (“lees, dregs”), Latin fracēs (“grounds or dregs of oil”). Related also to drast, dregs.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɹɒs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /dɹɔs/
* (cot–caught merger, US, Canada) IPA: /dɹɑs/
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /dɹɔs/, /dɹɒs/
* Rhymes: -ɒs, -ɔːs

### Noun

dross (usually uncountable, plural drosses)
* Waste or impure matter.
* Residue that forms as a scum on the surface of molten metal from oxidation.
    Synonyms: gangue, scoria
* The impurities in metal.
* A waste product from working with metal.
** 2008, Narendra B. Dahotre, Sandip Harimkar, Laser Fabrication and Machining of Materials, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 176:Dross is related with the incomplete expulsion of the melt from the bottom of the kerf. For precision applications where the clean cutting edges are important the formation of dross at the bottom of the cutting kerf must be controlled. This requires deep understanding of the mechanisms of dross formation and the various materials and laser-cutting parameters which potentially control the formation of dross. For example, the highly cleaned (dross-free) cutting edges can be obtained in […]
** 2008, André Ditze, Christiane Scharf, Recycling of Magnesium, Ditze & Scharf, →ISBN, page 25:One of the main problems with recycling and melting magnesium is the presence of particles in the melt which lead to the formation of dross and sludge. To be more precise, the necessary removal of dross and sludge greatly increase the costs of the facility. And, material is lost.
* (figurative) Worthless or trivial matter.
    Synonyms: junk, rubbish
** c. 1945, Ezra Pound, Canto LXXXI:What thou lovest well remains, the rest is dross
* (slang) Residual raw opium left in an opium pipe which can be recycled for further sale or use.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:dross.

#### Derived terms

* drosser
* drossless
* drossy
* human dross
* Windross

#### Translations
### Verb

dross (third-person singular simple present drosses, present participle drossing, simple past and past participle drossed)
* (transitive) To remove dross from.

### Anagrams

* sords

## Latvian
### Adjective

dross (definite drosais, comparative drosāks, superlative visdrosākais, adverb drosi)
* (dialectal) brave, safe, sure; alternative form of drošs
# alyva
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Belarusian аліва (aliva) or Polish oliwa; ultimately from Latin olīva (“olive”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐlʲiːˈʋɐ/

### Noun

alyvà f (plural alỹvos) stress pattern 2
* olive tree (Olea europaea)
    Synonym: alyvmedis
* olive (fruit of the above tree)
    Synonym: alyvuogė
    alyvų aliejus ― olive oil
* motor oil, lubricant
    Synonym: tepalas
    Coordinate term: nafta (“petroleum”)
    automobilinė alyva ― automobile oil
    skalūnų alyva ― shale oil
    alyvos keitimas ― oil change
* (usually in the plural) lilac (the decorative shrub, Syringa vulgaris)

#### Derived terms

* alyvinis
* alyvmedis
* alyvuogė
* alyvuotas
* alyvuoti

#### Related terms

* aliejus

### References

* ↑ “alyva”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025

### Further reading

* “alyva”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025
* “alyva”, in Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of common Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, n.d.
* “alyva”, in Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas [Terminology bank of the Republic of Lithuania], VLKK, 2005–2025
# Lucina
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Lucina and Lucyna, from Latin Lūcīna.

### Proper noun

Lucina
* An epithet of the Roman goddess Juno or (less often) Diana in the role of goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns.
** 2005, Patricia Montley, chapter IL, in In Nature's Honor: Myths and Rituals Celebrating the Earth‎, page 5:Lucina, the Sabine goddess of light, was combined with the Roman Juno, and as Juno Lucina, goddess of childbirth, she brought children into the world.
* A separate goddess of those fields, a daughter of Jupiter and Juno and counterpart to the Greek Eileithyia.
** 2008, Laurie Sue Brockway, chapter IL, in The Goddess Pages: A Divine Guide to Finding Love and Happiness‎, page 184:Many believe the genesis of saint Lucy can be found in the mythology of two roman deities: Lucina, goddess of birth and light, who merged with the mother goddess Juno.
** 2014, Alison Findlay, birth, entry in Women in Shakespeare: A Dictionary, unnumbered page,
    He$^{[Pericles]}$ can only pray to Lucina, goddess of childbirth and 'gentle midwife/ To those that cry at night' to speed Thaisa's delivery (Per. 3.1.10–14), and has not even time to commit her body to the sea during the storm.
* (astronomy) 146 Lucina, a Main Belt asteroid.
* (rare) A female given name from Latin.

#### Derived terms

* Juno Lucina

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Alcuin, Lucian, uncial

## Latin
### Etymology

Feminine of *lucīnus, from lūx (“light”) +‎ -īnus (“-ine: forming adjectives”), sometimes related to the phases of the moon or understood to intend "One who Brings into the Light".

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /luːˈkiː.na/, [ɫ̪uːˈkiːnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /luˈt͡ʃi.na/, [luˈt͡ʃiːnä]

### Proper noun

Lūcīna f sg (genitive Lūcīnae); first declension
* Lucina, an epithet of the Roman goddesses Juno or Diana in their role as goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns.
* Lucina, a Roman goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns, daughter of Jupiter and Juno.
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.451–452:parce, precor, gravidīs, facilis Lūcīnā, puellīs mātūrumque uterō molliter aufer onus.Spare, I pray – by [you it is] easily done, Lucina – the pregnant girls, and gently withdraw the ripened burden from the womb.
* (New Latin, astronomy) Lucina, a Main Belt asteroid.

#### Declension

First-declension noun, singular only.

#### Derived terms

* Iūnō Lūcīna

### References

* “Lucina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Lucina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Middle English
### Proper noun

Lucina
* Alternative form of Lucyna.

#### References

* “Lucina, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 15 June 2018.
# ـل
## Malay
### Suffix

ـل
* Jawi spelling of -al‎.