# kamp
## English
### Etymology

Spelling variant of camp (“homosexual”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kæmp/
** (General American, Canada, /æ/ raising) IPA: [kʰɛəmp] ~ [kʰeəmp]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æmp

### Adjective

kamp (not comparable)
* (Australia, of males) homosexual
* (New Zealand, historical) lesbian (in Maori communities)
** 1990, Julia Penelope, Sarah Valentine, Finding the Lesbians: Personal Accounts from Around the World, page 74:Finally we found the Western Park, a scungy unpopular pub then, which agreed to allow kamp girls to drink there.
** 1992, Stephan Likosky, Coming Out, page 264:It was 1961 and the kamp girls' scene had grown larger. Many Maori had begun moving to the cities, and among them were not only many more Maori drag queens but also Maori kamp girls.

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamp/

### Etymology 1

From Dutch kamp, from Middle French camp, from Latin campus (“open space; field”).

#### Noun

kamp (plural kampe)
* camp

### Etymology 2

From Dutch kampen, from Middle Dutch kempen.

#### Verb

kamp (present kamp, present participle kampende, past participle gekamp)
* (intransitive) to suffer (from a problem), to deal with

## Danish
### Etymology

From Middle Low German kamp, from Latin campus.

### Noun

kamp c (singular definite kampen, plural indefinite kampe)
* battle, struggle (violent)
    i kampens hedein the heat of battle
* endeavour, struggle (non-violent)
    Vi støtter deres kamp for lige rettigheder.We support their struggle for equal rights.
* game, match (of e.g. ball games)
    De har ikke vundet en kamp siden 2003.
       They haven't won a match since 2003.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kamp” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “kamp” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑmp/
* Hyphenation: kamp
* Rhymes: -ɑmp
* Homophone: Kamp

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle French camp, from Latin campus (“open space; field”).

#### Noun

kamp n (plural kampen, diminutive kampje n)
* camp
* a political or social fraction or group

##### Derived terms

* basiskamp
* concentratiekamp
* detentiekamp
* dodenkamp
* gevangenenkamp
* gevangenkamp
* gijzelaarskamp
* heropvoedingskamp
* interneringskamp
* jappenkamp
* jeugdkamp
* kamparts
* kampbeul
* kampbevolking
* kampcommandant
* kampervaring
* kampgenoot
* kampherinnering
* kamphuis
* kampleider
* kampleven
* kamplied
* kampplaats
* kampslachtoffer
* kampsyndroom
* kampterrein
* kampverleden
* kampvuur
* kampwinkel
* kinderkamp
* krijgsgevangenenkamp
* krijgsgevangenkamp
* legerkamp
* mannenkamp
* oefenkamp
* oorlogskamp
* oppositiekamp
* opvangkamp
* padvinderskamp
* protestkamp
* regeringskamp
* schietkamp
* schoolkamp
* skikamp
* sportkamp
* strafkamp
* taalkamp
* tentenkamp
* trainingskamp
* transitkamp
* uitroeiingskamp
* vakantiekamp
* verkrachtingskamp
* vernietigingskamp
* verzamelkamp
* visserskamp
* vliegkamp
* vluchtelingenkamp
* voetbalkamp
* vredeskamp
* vrouwenkamp
* werkkamp
* woonwagenkamp
* zeilkamp
* zigeunerkamp
* zomerkamp

##### Related terms

* kampement

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kamp
* Petjo: kamp
* → Indonesian: kamp
* → Sranan Tongo: kampu
** → Caribbean Javanese: kampu

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch camp, Old Dutch kamp, derived in turn from Latin campus (“field”). The term was borrowed in Roman times and acquired various connotations in different places.

#### Noun

kamp m (plural kampen, diminutive kampje n)
* field

##### Derived terms

- general:
* hertenkamp
* koekamp
- toponyms:
* Bergkamp
* Boskamp
* Breklenkamp
* Bullenkamp
* Bulskamp
* Buunderkamp
* De Kamp
* De Kampen
* De Kruiskamp
* De Schutskamp
* Denekamp
* Geitenkamp
* Greffelkamp
* Harskamp
* Hazenkamp
* Heuwkamp
* Hoogkamp
* Kamp
* Kampen
* Kampenhout
* Kamperland
* Keulse Kamp
* Maliskamp
* Marijenkampen
* Oostkamp
* Prinsenkamp
* Serskamp
* Smeliënkamp
* Steenkamp
* Zevenkamp
* Zoutkamp

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kamp

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch camp, from Latin campus (“open space; battlefield”).

#### Noun

kamp m (plural kampen, diminutive kampje n)
* battle, fight
* tournament, competition

##### Usage notes

In the Netherlands kamp is seldom used as a word to describe a battle, gevecht is more common. However, in Flanders this usage is not uncommon.

##### Derived terms

* doodskamp
* kampen
* kampperk
* kampspel
* kampstrijd
* kampvechter
* meerkamp
* tienkamp
* tweekamp
* vijfkamp
* wedkamp
* zeskamp

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

kamp
* inflection of kampen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -am̥p

### Noun

kamp
* indefinite accusative singular of kampur

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch kamp, from Middle French camp, from Latin campus (“open space; field”). Doublet of kampus, kampiun, kampanye, and sampanye.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkamp]
* Hyphenation: kamp

### Noun

kamp (plural kamp-kamp)
* camp, an outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
    Synonym: barak

#### Alternative forms

* kem (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

### Further reading

* “kamp” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin campus, via Middle Low German kamp.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kamp m (definite singular kampen, indefinite plural kamper, definite plural kampene)
* a fight
* a battle
    en juridisk kamp - a legal battle
* (sports) a match (boxing match, football match etc.)
* a broad or round mountaintop
* a boulder

#### Derived terms

* dragkamp
* femkamp
* fotballkamp
* gladiatorkamp
* hjemmekamp
* kampestein
* kampfly
* kampsport
* maktkamp
* nevekamp
* nærkamp
* omkamp
* sjukamp
* slåsskamp
* snøballkamp
* tikamp
* valgkamp

### References

* “kamp” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin campus, via Middle Low German kamp.

### Noun

kamp m (definite singular kampen, indefinite plural kampar, definite plural kampane)
* a fight
* a battle
* (sports) a match (as above)
* a broad or round mountaintop
* a boulder

#### Derived terms

* dragkamp
* femkamp
* fotballkamp
* gladiatorkamp
* kampestein
* kampfly
* kampsport
* maktkamp
* nevekamp
* nærkamp
* omkamp
* sjukamp
* snøballkamp
* tikamp
* valkamp

### References

* “kamp” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Gotland); “en kamp”:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Low German kempe, from Middle Low German kamp, from Latin campus (“battlefield”).

#### Noun

kamp c
* a struggling for one's interests (often in opposition); a struggle, (sometimes more idiomatic) a fight
    en jämn och hård kamp mellan två laga close and tough fight between two teams
    riddarens kamp mot drakenthe knight's fight against the dragon
    en väpnad kampan armed struggle
    deras långa kamp för rättvisatheir long struggle for justice
    Att ta sig upp för den branta backen var en riktig kampGetting up the steep hill was a real struggle
    hennes kamp mot sjukdomenher battle (idiomatically) against the disease (strid (“battle”) sounds overly militaristic in Swedish here)
    en kamp mot klockana race against time / a race against the clock ("a struggle/fight against the clock" – idiomatic)
    en maktkampa power struggle

##### Usage notes

* Often interchangeable with strid, which has more militaristic connotations, similar to how struggle and battle are often interchangeable in English.
* See also the corresponding verb kämpa, which can also be thought of as having the basic meaning struggle, though often unidiomatic as a translation.

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | kamp | kamps |
| singular | definite | kampen | kampens |
| plural | indefinite | kamper | kampers |
| plural | definite | kamperna | kampernas |

##### Derived terms

* befrielsekamp
* dragkamp
* dödskamp
* kamp mot klockan
* kampanda
* kampcell
* kampduglig
* kampfond
* kamplust
* kamppolitik
* kampsång
* kampvilja
* klasskamp
* maktkamp
* mångkamp
* närkamp
* tiokamp
* tvekamp

##### Related terms

* kämpa
* kämpe

### Etymology 2

Unknown. Likely cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk and Norwegian Bokmål gamp.

#### Noun

kamp c
* old horse, nag
    Lite hvitt ibland fodret kunde ge kampar kurage.Some arsenic in the fodder could enliven old horses.

##### Declension
### Further reading

* kamp in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* kamp in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)