# 寒冬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hándōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hon$^4$ dung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hân-tang / hân-tong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hándōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hándong
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$-tung$^1$
*** Yale: hán-dūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harndong
*** Palladius: ханьдун (xanʹdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Yale: hòhn dūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^4$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân-tang
*** Tâi-lô: hân-tang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: handafng
*** IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân-tong
*** Tâi-lô: hân-tong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: handofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

寒冬
* midwinter; deep winter; cold winter
** 1983, 王冠人 (lyrics and music), “運命”‎performed by 陳一郎:
       hân-tong kòe liáu ū chhun-hong, m̄-thang lâi hòng-tōng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1997, “花若離枝”, 蔡振南 (lyrics), 陳小霞 (music)‎performed by 蘇芮:
       sè-kan léng-loán chêng ûi kùi, hân-tang iā ē piàn chhun-thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       In the fickleness of the world, affection is the most precious, even the cold winter will become spring.

##### Synonyms

* 嚴冬／严冬 (yándōng)

##### Derived terms

* 寒冬臘月 / 寒冬腊月 (hándōnglàyuè)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 寒冬(かんとう) (kantō)
* → Korean: 한동(寒冬) (handong)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kôaⁿ-tang / kôaⁿ--lang
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kôaⁿ-tang
*** Tâi-lô: kuânn-tang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'dafng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã¹³⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuã²⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kôaⁿ--lang
*** Tâi-lô: kuânn--lang

#### Noun

寒冬
* (Hokkien) winter
** 2004, 杜十三 [Do She-sun] (lyrics), 李泰祥 [Lee Tai-Hsiang] (music), 自彼次遇到妳‎, performed by 李泰祥 [Lee Tai-Hsiang]:
       lí sī kôaⁿ-tang ê ji̍t-thâu, lí sī o͘-àm tiong ê goe̍h-kng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2019, 阿雞, 似舊 [Early Times]‎, performed by 阿雞 [GLOJ] and 武農社區:
       chhun-thiⁿ hoe âng, iū kiàn kôaⁿ-tang, iū-koh chi̍t tang, sù-kùi kau-ōaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 冬, 冬日 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冬天, 冬季, 冬日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 冬天, 冬底下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 冬天, 臘月天兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 冬間 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 冬天, 九天, 九裡頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 冬天, 寒天, 冬上 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 冷天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yongning (Najiahu) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 冬天, 冬月天, 冷月天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冬天, 冬天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 冬天, 冷天, 冬辰 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冬季, 冬天, 冷天, 冷季 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 冬天, 冷天裡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 冬天, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 冬天, 冬天家, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 冷天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 寒天, 寒冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 冬天, 冷天, 北風天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 冷天, 冬寒天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 冬天, 寒天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 冬天, 寒裡頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 寒天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 冬天道, 冷天道 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冬天, 凍天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 天冷天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 冬天, 北風天 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 冬天 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冬天 |
| Gan | Pengze | 冬下天 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 冷天 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冷天, 冬下裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冬天, 冬下, 冬下頭, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 冬下晨 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 寒天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 寒天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 冬下天 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 冬天, 冬下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 冬天, 冬季 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 冷天 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 下冬, 冬場子, 冬場下 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 冬天 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 冬天, 冬末寒天 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 冬天, 冬哩 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 冬天, 冬金天, 冬兒, 冬景天 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 冬天 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linhe | 冬天, 冬天裡 |
| Jin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Handan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Suide | 冬裡 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 冬仔, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 冬天, 寒天儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 寒天, 在冬 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 冬天時, 凝天時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 凝天時, 凊天時, 凊天 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 冬天時, 凝天時, 寒天時 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 凝天時, 凊天時, 冬天時 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 冬季 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 寒天 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 冬天 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冬季 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 冬天 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 冬天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冬天, 冷天, 冬場裡, 寒場裡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 寒天, 寒場裡, 寒裡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冬天, 冷天, 寒天 |
| Wu | Danyang | 冬天, 冬天頭, 冬季 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 冬天 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 冬天價, 冬天 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天色冷, 十二月 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 冬天 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 冬裡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 冬天 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 冬天 |