# ling
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: lĭng; IPA: /lɪŋ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪŋ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English lenge, lienge, from Middle French leynge (compare French lingue), from Middle Dutch *lenge (modern Dutch leng). Cognate with Old Norse langa. Probably related to long.

#### Noun

ling (countable and uncountable, plural lings or ling)
* Any of various marine food fish, of the genus Molva, resembling the cod.
** 1995 December 26, William J. Broad, “Creatures of the Deep Find Their Way to the Table”, in The New York Times‎:Other deep creatures now being harvested or targeted as seafood include rattails, skates, squid, red crabs, orange roughy, black oreos, smooth oreos, hoki, blue ling, southern blue whiting, sablefish, black scabbard fish and spiny dogfish.
* A common ling (Molva molva).

##### Derived terms

* blue ling (Molva dypterygia)
* common ling (Molva molva)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English lyng, from Old Norse lyng.

#### Noun

ling (countable and uncountable, plural lings or ling)
* Any of various varieties of heather or broom.
** Common heather (Calluna vulgaris)
*** 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 28:I was sitting by a path on a tussock between some bushes, whence I could overlook the path and a little valley to which it led down, and where nothing but ling and heather grew.
*** 1931, Dorothy L. Sayers, The Five Red Herrings:Partridges, enjoying their last weeks of security, rose whirring and clattering from among the ling.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ling (uncountable)
* (informal) Clipping of linguistics.

### Anagrams

* lign-

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *linga, from Proto-Indo-European *leig-. Compare English lark (“to frolic”), Lithuanian láigyti (“to run around wildly”), Ancient Greek ἐλελίζω (elelízō, “to whirl around”).

### Noun

ling m (definite lingu)
* quick gait, trot
* hurry, haste, rush

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish lingid.

### Verb

ling (present analytic lingeann, future analytic lingfidh, verbal noun lingeadh, past participle lingthe) (transitive, intransitive)
* (literary) leap, spring
* jump at, attack
* start back, shrink away from (with ó (“from”))

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | lingim | lingeann tú; lingir$^†$ | lingeann sé, sí | lingimid | lingeann sibh | lingeann siad; lingid$^†$ | a lingeann; a lingeas | lingtear |
| indicative | past | ling mé; lingeas | ling tú; lingis | ling sé, sí | lingeamar; ling muid | ling sibh; lingeabhair | ling siad; lingeadar | a ling / ar ling* | lingeadh |
| indicative | past habitual | linginn | lingteá | lingeadh sé, sí | lingimis; lingeadh muid | lingeadh sibh | lingidís; lingeadh siad | a lingeadh / a lingeadh* | lingtí |
| future | future | lingfidh mé; lingfead | lingfidh tú; lingfir$^†$ | lingfidh sé, sí | lingfimid; lingfidh muid | lingfidh sibh | lingfidh siad; lingfid$^†$ | a lingfidh; a lingfeas | lingfear |
| conditional | conditional | lingfinn | lingfeá | lingfeadh sé, sí | lingfimis; lingfeadh muid | lingfeadh sibh | lingfidís; lingfeadh siad | a lingfeadh / a lingfeadh* | lingfí |
| subjunctive | present | go linge mé; go lingead$^†$ | go linge tú; go lingir$^†$ | go linge sé, sí | go lingimid; go linge muid | go linge sibh | go linge siad; go lingid$^†$ | — | go lingtear |
| subjunctive | past | dá linginn | dá lingteá | dá lingeadh sé, sí | dá lingimis; dá lingeadh muid | dá lingeadh sibh | dá lingidís; dá lingeadh siad | — | dá lingtí |
| imperative | imperative | lingim | ling | lingeadh sé, sí | lingimis | lingigí; lingidh$^†$ | lingidís | — | lingtear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh | lingeadh |
| past participle | past participle | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe | lingthe |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form

#### Derived terms

* lingchlár (“springboard; spring balance”)
* lingeach (“springy”, adjective)
* lingeacht (“springiness”)
* lingeán (“spring”, noun)
* lingmheatán (“spring balance”)

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ling”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lingid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ling”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

## Mandarin
### Romanization

ling
* Nonstandard spelling of līng.
* Nonstandard spelling of líng.
* Nonstandard spelling of lǐng.
* Nonstandard spelling of lìng.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Northern Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* leng, nig, ning

### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *langa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *langa- (“lame”). Confer Persian لنگ (leng, “lame; leg”), Central Kurdish لەنگ (leng), Sanskrit लङ्ग (laṅga, “lame”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɪŋɡ/
* Rhymes: -ɪŋɡ

### Noun

ling m (Arabic spelling لنگ)
* leg
    Synonyms: pê, qor
* foot
    Synonym: pê

#### Related terms

* leng

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ling”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 450

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [liŋɡ]

### Verb

ling
* inflection of linge:
** first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** third-person plural present indicative

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English lyng, from Old Norse lyng.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɪŋ/

### Noun

ling
* ling (Calluna vulgaris)
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:Zing ug a mor fane a zour a ling.[Sing to the moor iris, the sorrel and the ling.]

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 108