# 犯

| 犯 | U+72AF, &#29359; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF |
| ← 犮 [U+72AE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犰 → [U+72B0] |
| 犯 | U+FA9F, &#64159; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F |
| ← 爵 [U+FA9E] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 猪 → [U+FAA0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 4721$_2$, composition ⿰犭㔾)

#### Derived characters

* 𠱍, 𣳜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
* Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
* Unihan data for U+72AF
* Unihan data for U+FA9F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 犯
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 氾 | *pʰoms, *bom |
| 犯 | *bomʔ |
| 範 | *bomʔ |
| 范 | *bomʔ |
| 笵 | *bomʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘.

### Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.
This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fàn (fan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fan$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фан (fan, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^6$ / faan$^{6-2}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fan$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fam$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): fan$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): huāng
* Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn / hoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^6$ / huam$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ve
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan$^5$ / fan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^4$
*** Yale: fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fan
*** Sinological IPA : /fan²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фан (fan, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /fæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^6$ / faan$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: faahn / fáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^6$ / faan$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^6$ / fan$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²²/, /faːn²²⁻³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fan¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: fan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāng
*** Sinological IPA : /xuaŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /huɑŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
*** Tâi-lô: huǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
*** Tâi-lô: huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^6$ / huam$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huăm
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/
* huang6 - Shantou;
* huam6 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: bjomX
Rime :
| Character | 犯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 凡 (146) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 防錽切 |
| Baxter | bjomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨɐm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bomʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2980 |
| Phonetic component | 氾 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 范 |
| Old Chinese | /*bomʔ/ |

### Definitions

犯
* to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
       rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]
       We will not attack if we are not attacked.
* to commit (crime); to violate
    犯罪 ― fànzuì ― to commit crime
* criminal; offender; culprit
    罪犯 ― zuìfàn ― criminal
       bei$^2$ go$^3$ faan$^{6-2}$ zau$^2$ lat$^1$ zo$^2$ aa$^3$! [Jyutping]
       The criminal ran loose!
* to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
    犯脾氣／犯脾气 ― fànpíqì ― to get angry; to lose one's temper
* to brave; to face; to withstand
* to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

#### Synonyms

* (to violate):
* 乖 (guāi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
* 背離 / 背离 (bèilí)
* 違反 / 违反 (wéifǎn)
* 違背 / 违背 (wéibèi)
* (criminal):
* 差事 (chāishi) (literary, historical)
* 差使 (chāishi) (literary, historical)
* 犯人 (fànrén)
* 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
* 犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
* 罪犯 (zuìfàn)
* 違法者 / 违法者 (wéifǎzhě)
* (to be worth):
* 值得
* 值當 / 值当 (zhídàng) (Mandarin, colloquial, including Jin)
* 耐 (literary)
* 足 (literary, or in compounds)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 犯(はん) (han)
* → Korean: 범(犯) (beom)
* → Vietnamese: phạm (犯)

### Compounds

* 不作為犯 / 不作为犯
* 不是風犯 / 不是风犯
* 不犯
* 不犯尋思 / 不犯寻思
* 不犯王法
* 不犯著
* 主犯 (zhǔfàn)
* 互不侵犯
* 人犯 (rénfàn)
* 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
* 作姦犯科 / 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
* 作為犯 / 作为犯
* 來犯 / 来犯 (láifàn)
* 侵犯 (qīnfàn)
* 偶犯
* 傾巢來犯 / 倾巢来犯
* 兇犯 / 凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
* 內犯 / 内犯
* 共同正犯 (gòngtóng zhèngfàn)
* 共犯 (gòngfàn)
* 共犯罪
* 再犯 (zàifàn)
* 再犯率
* 冒犯 (màofàn)
* 冒險犯難 / 冒险犯难
* 凜然難犯 / 凛然难犯
* 凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
* 刑事犯
* 初犯 (chūfàn)
* 前科犯 (qiánkēfàn)
* 匪犯
* 原犯
* 各不相犯
* 同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
* 單行犯 / 单行犯
* 囚犯 (qiúfàn)
* 女犯
* 嫌犯 (xiánfàn)
* 嫌疑犯 (xiányífàn)
* 子犯
* 少年犯 (shàoniánfàn)
* 少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
* 常業犯 / 常业犯
* 干名犯義
* 干犯 (gānfàn)
* 從犯 / 从犯 (cóngfàn)
* 性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
* 性犯罪 (xìngfànzuì)
* 惱犯 / 恼犯
* 慣犯 / 惯犯 (guànfàn)
* 慣行犯 / 惯行犯
* 戰犯 / 战犯 (zhànfàn)
* 戰犯法庭 / 战犯法庭
* 打牙犯嘴
* 投手犯規 / 投手犯规
* 技術犯規 / 技术犯规
* 政治犯 (zhèngzhìfàn)
* 故犯 (gùfàn)
* 教唆犯 (jiàosuōfàn)
* 既遂犯
* 明知故犯 (míngzhīgùfàn)
* 智能犯罪
* 暴力犯罪
* 有犯無隱 / 有犯无隐
* 未決犯 / 未决犯
* 未遂犯
* 欽犯 / 钦犯 (qīnfàn)
* 正犯 (zhèngfàn)
* 殺人犯 / 杀人犯 (shārénfàn)
* 毫毛不犯
* 沖犯 / 冲犯 (chōngfàn)
* 流竄犯 / 流窜犯
* 瀆犯 / 渎犯
* 牽連犯 / 牵连犯 (qiānliánfàn)
* 犯上 (fànshàng)
* 犯上作亂 / 犯上作乱
* 犯不上 (fànbùshàng)
* 犯不是
* 犯不著 (fànbùzháo)
* 犯事 (fànshì)
* 犯人 (fànrén)
* 犯傻 (fànshǎ)
* 犯刺兒 / 犯刺儿
* 犯勁 / 犯劲
* 犯土
* 犯境
* 犯夜
* 犯奸
* 犯對 / 犯对
* 犯得上 (fàndeshàng)
* 犯得著 (fàndezháo)
* 犯忌
* 犯忌諱 / 犯忌讳
* 犯惡 / 犯恶
* 犯意 (fànyì)
* 犯愁 (fànchóu)
* 犯戒 (fànjiè)
* 犯拙
* 犯案 (fàn'àn)
* 犯款
* 犯歲 / 犯岁
* 犯毒
* 犯法 (fànfǎ)
* 犯法違理 / 犯法违理
* 犯渾 / 犯浑 (fànhún)
* 犯潮
* 犯牙兒 / 犯牙儿
* 犯牛勁 / 犯牛劲
* 犯由
* 犯疑
* 犯病 (fànbìng)
* 犯的上
* 犯相
* 犯禁 (fànjìn)
* 犯科 (fànkē)
* 犯節氣 / 犯节气
* 犯罪 (fànzuì)
* 犯罪團伙
* 犯罪學 / 犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
* 犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
* 犯罪現場 / 犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
* 犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
* 犯罪行為 / 犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
* 犯罪集團 / 犯罪集团
* 犯而不校
* 犯脾氣 / 犯脾气 (fàn píqi)
* 犯舌
* 犯規 / 犯规 (fànguī)
* 犯言
* 犯調 / 犯调
* 犯諱 / 犯讳
* 犯賤 / 犯贱 (fànjiàn)
* 犯蹕 / 犯跸
* 犯過 / 犯过
* 犯錯 / 犯错 (fàncuò)
* 犯闕 / 犯阙
* 犯關排闥 / 犯关排闼
* 犯難 / 犯难 (fànnán)
* 犯順 / 犯顺
* 犯顏 / 犯颜 (fànyán)
* 犯顏苦諫 / 犯颜苦谏
* 犯鱗 / 犯鳞
* 現行犯 / 现行犯 (xiànxíngfàn)
* 甲級戰犯 / 甲级战犯 (jiǎjí zhànfàn)
* 疑犯 (yífàn)
* 白領犯罪 / 白领犯罪 (báilǐng fànzuì)
* 盜犯 / 盗犯
* 監犯 / 监犯 (jiānfàn)
* 真兇實犯 / 真凶实犯
* 真贓實犯 / 真赃实犯
* 眾怒難犯 / 众怒难犯
* 知法犯法 (zhīfǎfànfǎ)
* 秋毫不犯
* 秋毫無犯 / 秋毫无犯 (qiūháowúfàn)
* 竄犯 / 窜犯 (cuànfàn)
* 竊犯 / 窃犯
* 累犯 (lěifàn)
* 經濟犯罪 / 经济犯罪
* 縱火犯 / 纵火犯 (zònghuǒfàn)
* 罪犯 (zuìfàn)
* 脅從犯 / 胁从犯
* 舅犯
* 良心犯 (liángxīnfàn)
* 虞犯少年
* 行政犯
* 衝犯 / 冲犯
* 要犯 (yàofàn)
* 觸犯 / 触犯 (chùfàn)
* 觸禁犯忌 / 触禁犯忌
* 認犯頭 / 认犯头
* 調犯 / 调犯
* 賭犯 / 赌犯
* 越獄犯 / 越狱犯
* 軍事犯 / 军事犯
* 逆天犯順 / 逆天犯顺
* 逃犯 (táofàn)
* 通緝犯 / 通缉犯 (tōngjīfàn)
* 連續犯 / 连续犯
* 進犯 / 进犯 (jìnfàn)
* 過犯 / 过犯 (guòfàn)
* 違犯 / 违犯 (wéifàn)
* 過贓犯法 / 过赃犯法
* 重犯
* 間接正犯 / 间接正犯
* 陵犯
* 首犯 (shǒufàn)
* 麻犯

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* crime, offense
* criminal, culprit, offender

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼん (bon)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kun: おかす (okasu, 犯す, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 犯意(はんい) (han'i)
* 犯行(はんこう) (hankō)
* 犯罪(はんざい) (hanzai)
* 犯人(はんにん) (hannin)
* 違犯(いはん) (ihan)
* 共犯(きょうはん) (kyōhan)
* 再犯(さいはん) (saihan)
* 事犯(じはん) (jihan)
* 主犯(しゅはん) (shuhan)
* 従犯(じゅうはん) (jūhan)
* 初犯(しょはん) (shohan)
* 侵犯(しんぱん) (shinpan)
* 正犯(せいはん) (seihan)
* 戦犯(せんぱん) (senpan)
* 防犯(ぼうはん) (bōhan)
* 犯(ぼん)す (bon su), 犯(ぼん)ず (bonzu)
* 違犯(いぼん) (ibon)
* 女犯(にょぼん) (nyobon)
* 不犯(ふぼん) (fubon)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 犯
* はん Grade: 5
* kan'on
/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/
From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

### Suffix

犯(はん) • (-han)
* perpetrators of a crime
* some types of crime

#### Derived terms

* 危険(きけん)犯(はん) (kiken-han)
* 教唆(きょうさ)犯(はん) (kyōsa-han)
* 強力(ごうりき)犯(はん) (gōriki-han)
* 財政(ざいせい)犯(はん) (zaisei-han)
* 集合(しゅうごう)犯(はん) (shūgō-han)
* 状態(じょうたい)犯(はん) (jōtai-han)
* 即(そく)時(じ)犯(はん) (sokuji-han)
* 法定(ほうてい)犯(はん) (hōtei-han)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pɘ(ː)m]
* Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))
* hanja form of 범 (“to violate; to commit”) [verbal root]
* hanja form of 범 (“criminal”) [suffix]
* hanja form of 범 (“count of crime”) [counter]

### Compounds

* 간명범의 (干名犯義, ganmyeongbeomui)
* 간통범 (姦通犯, gantongbeom)
* 강간범 (強姦犯, gangganbeom)
* 강도범 (強盜犯, gangdobeom)
* 경범 (輕犯, gyeongbeom)
* 공범 (共犯, gongbeom)
* 교사범 (敎唆犯, gyosabeom)
* 군사범 (軍事犯, gunsabeom)
* 납치범 (拉致犯, napchibeom)
* 도망범 (逃亡犯, domangbeom)
* 방범 (防犯, bangbeom)
* 방외범색 (房外犯色, bang'oebeomsaek)
* 방임범 (放任犯, bang'imbeom)
* 범금 (犯禁, beomgeum)
* 범소 (犯所, beomso)
* 범월 (犯越, beomwol)
* 범인 (犯人, beomin)
* 범접 (犯接, beomjeop)
* 범죄 (犯罪, beomjoe)
* 범죄성 (犯罪性, beomjoeseong)
* 범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
* 사기범 (詐欺犯, sagibeom)
* 사불범정 (邪不犯正, sabulbeomjeong)
* 사칭범 (詐稱犯, sachingbeom)
* 살인범 (殺人犯, sarinbeom)
* 상습범 (常習犯, sangseupbeom)
* 생계범 (生計犯, saenggyebeom)
* 성인범 (成人犯, seong'inbeom)
* 소년범 (少年犯, sonyeonbeom)
* 수범 (首犯, subeom)
* 우범자 (虞犯者, ubeomja)
* 유괴범 (誘拐犯, yugoebeom)
* 인질범 (人質犯, injilbeom)
* 일생불범 (一生不犯, ilsaengbulbeom)
* 일죄재범 (一罪再犯, iljoejaebeom)
* 잡범 (雜犯, japbeom)
* 재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
* 전문범 (專門犯, jeonmunbeom)
* 전범 (戰犯, jeonbeom)
* 전쟁범 (戰爭犯, jeonjaengbeom)
* 절도범 (竊盜犯, jeoldobeom)
* 정치범 (政治犯, jeongchibeom)
* 죄범 (罪犯, joebeom)
* 죄중우범 (罪中又犯, joejung'ubeom)
* 주범 (主犯, jubeom)
* 중노난범 (衆怒難犯, jungnonanbeom)
* 중범 (重犯, jungbeom)
* 질주범 (疾走犯, jiljubeom)
* 침범 (侵犯, chimbeom)
* 탈주범 (脫走犯, taljubeom)
* 폭파범 (爆破犯, pokpabeom)
* 폭행범 (暴行犯, pokhaengbeom)
* 현행범 (現行犯, hyeonhaengbeom)
* 협박범 (脅迫犯, hyeopbakbeom)
* 확신범 (確信犯, hwaksinbeom)
* 흉악범 (凶惡犯, hyung'akbeom)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.