# 迫

| 迫 | U+8FEB, &#36843; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FEB |
| ← 迪 [U+8FEA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 迬 → [U+8FEC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

迫 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹日 (YHA), four-corner 3630$_0$, composition ⿺辶白)

#### Derived characters

* 𫪼, 𣖐, 𦂸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1255, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38797
* Dae Jaweon: page 1738, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3825, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8FEB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pò, pǎi (po$^4$, pai$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ, ㄆㄞˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pe$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik$^1$ / baak$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pet$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pet
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): pă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): páe̤k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): peh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): piak / pek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$paq; $^7$pheq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pe$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pò
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pò
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pǎi
*** Wade–Giles: pʻai$^3$
*** Yale: pǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pae
*** Palladius: пай (paj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pe$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pe
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bik$^1$ / baak$^1$
*** Yale: bīk / bāak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bik$^7$ / baak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: big$^1$ / bag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪk̚⁵/, /paːk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bet$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pet̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pet$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet
*** Hakka Romanization System: bed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pet̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: páe̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔyʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: peh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: peh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
*** Tâi-lô: piak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piag
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /piak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
*** Tâi-lô: pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peg
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /pɛk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pek
*** Sinological IPA : /pek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$paq; $^7$pheq
*** MiniDict: pah$^入$; pheh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$paq; $^4$pheq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ⁵⁵/, /pʰəʔ⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: pe$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤ̞²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit迫 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰo⁵¹/ /pʰai²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰai²¹³/ /pʰɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰo¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰə⁵⁵/ /pʰe⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pei⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰɨ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰia¹³/ /pʰuə¹³/ /pʰɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰe³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰiaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /pʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /pəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /pʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pa²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɛʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰa⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰæ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pɪk̚⁵/ /pak̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pik̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰɔyʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbek̚⁵/ 訓逼 |
* Middle Chinese: paek
Rime :
| Character | 迫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 博陌切 |
| Baxter | paek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.pˤrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 迫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.pˁrak/ |
| English | near; press |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 迫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 195 |
| Phonetic component | 白 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伯 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːɡ/ |

### Definitions

迫
* to coerce; to force; to compel
    被迫 ― bèipò ― to be forced
    迫於形勢／迫于形势 ― pò yú xíngshì ― under the stress of circumstances
* to approach
* urgent
    從容不迫／从容不迫 ― cóngróngbùpò ― leisurely
* (Cantonese) crowded; packed
       ce$^1$ soeng$^1$ jap$^6$ bin$^6$ hou$^2$ bik$^1$. [Jyutping]
       It is very crowded inside the train.
* (Cantonese) to crowd (to press forward)
       m$^4$ hou$^2$ gaap$^3$ ngaang$^{6-2}$ bik$^1$ jap$^6$ lai$^4$ laa$^1$! [Jyutping]
       Don't forcefully crowd your way in here!
* (Cantonese, ergative) to crowd (to cram); to go to somewhere crowded
       gaa$^3$ baa$^1$ si$^{6-2}$ jap$^6$ min$^6$ bik$^1$ zo$^2$ gei$^2$ sap$^6$ jan$^4$. [Jyutping]
       There's dozens of people crammed onto the bus.
       ngo$^5$ jat$^6$ jat$^6$ faan$^1$ gung$^1$ dou$^1$ jiu$^3$ bik$^1$ baa$^1$ si$^{6-2}$. [Jyutping]
       I have to ride a crowded bus every day when I go to work.

### Synonyms

* (to compel):
* nan-hbl+nan-tws:押
* 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
* 勒
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
* 強迫 / 强迫
* 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
* 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
* 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
* 迫使 (pòshǐ)
* 逼
* 逼迫 (bīpò)

### Compounds

* 交迫
* 促迫 (cùpò)
* 催迫
* 優游不迫 / 优游不迫
* 內外交迫 / 内外交迫
* 勒迫
* 危迫 (wēipò)
* 壓迫 / 压迫 (yāpò)
* 壓迫感 / 压迫感
* 威迫 (wēipò)
* 強迫 / 强迫
* 強迫中獎 / 强迫中奖
* 強迫儲蓄 / 强迫储蓄
* 強迫取分 / 强迫取分
* 強迫教育 / 强迫教育
* 強迫降落 / 强迫降落
* 從容不迫 / 从容不迫
* 忙迫
* 急迫 (jípò)
* 怵迫
* 擠迫 / 挤迫
* 時勢所迫 / 时势所迫 (shíshìsuǒpò)
* 煎迫
* 種族迫害 / 种族迫害
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窮迫 / 穷迫
* 緊迫 / 紧迫 (jǐnpò)
* 緊迫盯人 / 紧迫盯人
* 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
* 被迫 (bèipò)
* 褊迫
* 西山日迫
* 貧病交迫 / 贫病交迫
* 蹙迫
* 迫不及待 (pòbùjídài)
* 迫不得已 (pòbùdéyǐ)
* 迫令 (pòlìng)
* 迫使 (pòshǐ)
* 迫促 (pòcù)
* 迫切 (pòqiè)
* 迫切性
* 迫在眉睫 (pòzàiméijié)
* 迫害 (pòhài)
* 迫擊炮 / 迫击炮
* 迫於形勢 / 迫于形势
* 迫於眉睫 / 迫于眉睫
* 迫視 / 迫视
* 迫窄
* 迫而察之
* 迫脅 / 迫胁
* 迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫良為娼 / 迫良为娼
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 迫遽
* 迫鈕 / 迫钮
* 迫降
* 迫隘
* 逼迫 (bīpò)
* 雍容不迫
* 飢寒交迫 / 饥寒交迫 (jīhánjiāopò)
* 飢渴交迫 / 饥渴交迫
* 驅迫 / 驱迫

### References

* “迫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “迫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 170.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 迫 |
| Kyūjitai | 迫󠄁 迫+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 迫󠄃 迫+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* urge, spur, force

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
* Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
* Kun: せまる (semaru, 迫る, Jōyō)、せる (seru, 迫る)、さこ (sako)、せこ (seko)
* Nanori: せり (seri)、とお (tō)

#### Compounds

* 窘迫(きんぱく) (kinpaku): troubledness
* 緊迫(きんぱく) (kinpaku): strain, tension
* 迫力(はくりょく) (hakuryoku): power, emotional impact

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 迫
* さこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
狭(さ) (sa-, “narrow”) + 処(こ) (-ko, “place”)

#### Noun

迫(さこ) • (sako)
* (chiefly Gifu, Kansai, Chūgoku, Shikoku, Kyūshū, etc.) a small valley on the mountain side

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 迫
* せこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
狭(せ) (se, “narrowness”) + 処(こ) (-ko, “place”)

#### Noun

迫(せこ) • (seko)
* Synonym of 迫 (sako)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 迫
* せり Grade: S
* nanori
* Alternative spelling
* 迫り
Noun form of 迫(せ)る (seru).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せり [sèríꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [se̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

迫(せり) • (seri)
* approaching, drawing near
* stage elevator

### References

* ↑ “迫”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

迫 (eumhun 핍박할 박 (pipbakhal bak))
* hanja form of 박 (“coerce, force, compel”)
* hanja form of 박 (“urgent”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

迫: Hán Nôm readings: bách, bạch, bích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.