# врагъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”).

### Noun

врагъ • (vragŭ) m
* an enemy, foe
** XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
    ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·jěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭje na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
** from the Homily against the Bogumils, 181-184:
    аще бо земьнаѥго цѣсарꙗ врагомъ иже бѫдетъ дроугъ то нѣстъ и житию достоинъ нъ съ врагꙑ ѥго оумираѥтъašte bo zemĭnajego cěsarja vragomŭ iže bǫdetŭ drugŭ to něstŭ i žitiju dostoinŭ nŭ sŭ vragy jego umirajetŭIf a man who allies himself to the enemies of an earthly king does not even deserve to live, but is put to death along with them
* (figuratively) the devil
** Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis‎ (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
    […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […][…] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […] […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]

#### Derived terms

* вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
* вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
* вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity, wickedness”)
* вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
* вражьскꙑ (vražĭsky, “hostilely”)

#### Descendants

* Bulgarian: враг (vrag)
* Macedonian: враг (vrag)
* Old East Slavic: врагъ (vragŭ)
** Russian: враг (vrag)
** Carpathian Rusyn: враг (vrah)
** Ukrainian: враг (vrah)
* Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: вра̑г
    Latin script: vrȃg
* Slovene: vrag

### References

* Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋrɑɡʊ/→/ˈʋraɡʊ/→/ˈʋraɡ/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈʋrɑɡʊ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈʋraɡʊ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈʋraɡ/
* Hyphenation: вра‧гъ

### Noun

врагъ (vragŭ) m
* an enemy, foe
** XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
    […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.[…] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce jego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše jemu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę jego vsi. […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
* (figuratively) the devil
** Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑх лѣ т [Laurentian Codex]‎, 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
    Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžajemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.

#### Derived terms

* врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
* врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyi, “nefarious”)
* вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyi, “hostile”)
* вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
* вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
* вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
* вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyi, “hostile”)
* вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
* вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyi, “hostile”)
* вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
* вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
* вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
* вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
* вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
* вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
* вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyi, “hostile”)
* вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyi, “hostile”)
* вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyi, “hostile, related to enemy”)

#### Related terms

* врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
* вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
* враженꙑи (vraženyi, “enchanted”)
* вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
* вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
* вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)

#### Descendants

* Russian: враг (vrag)
* Carpathian Rusyn: враг (vrah)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “врагъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 310