# عنكبوت
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ن ك ب (ʕ n k b)
* 3 terms

### Alternative forms

* عَنْكَب (ʕankab), عَنْكَبَة (ʕankaba), عَنْكَبَاة (ʕankabāh)
* عُكَّاش (ʕukkāš) — uncertain

### Etymology

Parallelling Ancient North Arabian 𐪒𐪌𐪋𐪈𐪉 (ʿnkbt, “spider”). Also found as Hebrew עַכָּבִישׁ (ʿakkābīš, “spider”) and Aramaic עַכָּבִיתָא (ʿakkāḇīṯā) / עַכּוּבִיתָא (ʿakkūḇīṯā, “spider”). For the formation compare Aramaic חִפּוּשִׂיתָא / חִיפּוּשִׂיתָא (ḥippūśīṯā, “beetle”) (source of خُنْفُسَاء (ḵunfusāʔ)). If formed the same, to be juxtaposed with عَكِبَ (ʕakiba, “to have a heavy chin and thick lips; to have the fingers or toes set close together”) and عَكْب (ʕakb, “agile”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕan.ka.buːt/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /ʕan.kbuːt/

### Noun

عَنْكَبُوت • (ʕankabūt) f or m (plural عَنَاكِب (ʕanākib) or عَنَاكِيب (ʕanākīb) or عَنْكَبُوتَات (ʕankabūtāt), masculine عَنْكَب (ʕankab))
* spider
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:41:مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ ٱللّٰهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ كَمَثَلِ ٱلْعَنْكَبُوتِ ٱتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتًا وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ ٱلْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ٱلْعَنْكَبُوتِ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَmaṯalu llaḏīna ttaḵaḏū min dūni llāhi ʔawliyāʔa kamaṯali l-ʕankabūti ttaḵaḏat baytan wa-ʔinna ʔawhana l-buyūti la-baytu l-ʕankabūti law kānū yaʕlamūnaThe example of those who take allies other than God is like that of the spider who makes a home. And indeed, the weakest of homes is the home of the spider, if they only knew.
** 1025, ابن سينا [Avicenna], القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae]:نسج العنكبوت يقطع نزف الدم اذا جعل على الجراحات اذا وضع نسجه على القروح منعها ان يرم اذا طبخ العنكبوت الغليظه النسج الابيض بدهن ورد وقطر في الاذن سكن وجعها وقال بعضهم ان نسج العنكبوت اذا خلط ببعض المراهم ولطخ على خرقه كتان والزفت على الجبهة او الصدغين ابرا من حمى الغب وزعم القوم ان نسج الصنف الذي يكون نسجه كثيفا ابيض اذا شدفي جلد وعلق على العنق او العضه ابرا حمى الغب وقال ديسقوريدوس ابرا من حمى الربع.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: għanqbut
* → Middle Armenian: անքապութի (ankʻaputʻi), յանկապութիա (yankaputʻia, “retina”)
* → Ottoman Turkish: عنكبوت
** Turkish: ankebut

### References

* Jaussen, Antonin, Savignac, Antoine Raphaël (1909) Mission archéologique en Arabie, volume 1, Paris: Ernest Leroux, page 276
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 217–218
* Van der Westhuizen, Jasper Petrus (1971) “Some Notes on the Term עַכָּבִישׁ”, in De Fructu Oris Sui. Essays in Honour of Adrianus van Selms (Pretoria Oriental Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 214–221

### Further reading

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “عنكبوت”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 182–183
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “عكب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 199
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “عنكبوت”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 235
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عكب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 325–326
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عنكبوت”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 390
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “عنكبوت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2177
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عكب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 715
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عنكبوت”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 732
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “عكب”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 289
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “عنكبوت”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 316–317
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “عنكبوت”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 887

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʕankabūt, “spider”).

### Noun

عنكبوت • (ʿankebut) (plural عناكب)
* spider, any of various arthropods of the order Araneae
    Synonym: اورمجك (örümcek)

#### Derived terms

* عنكبوتی (ʿankebutî, “spiderlike, arachnoid”)
* عنكبوتیه (ʿankebutiye, “arachnoid membrane”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ankebut

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ankebut”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 256
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عنكبوت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 863
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Araneus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 77
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عنكبوت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3344
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ankebut”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عنكبوت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1325

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʕankabūt).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕan.ka.buːt/, [ʕan.kaˈbuːt]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

عنكبوت • (ʕankabūt) m (plural عناكب (ʕanākeb))
* spider