# 貧

| 貧 | U+8CA7, &#36007; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA7 |
| ← 貦 [U+8CA6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 貨 → [U+8CA8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

貧 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹金 (CSHC), four-corner 8080$_6$, composition ⿱分貝)

#### Derived characters

* 𢠈, 𰔢, 𰘝, 𪨄, 𰧝, 𪷪, 𨉺, 𰷕, 𬥮, 𧹅, 𬥣, 𫎤, 𬥯, 𬥬, 𧷨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36677
* Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3628, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8CA7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 貧 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 扮 | *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ |
| 盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
| 頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
| 汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
| 玢 | *prɯn |
| 邠 | *prɯn |
| 攽 | *prɯn |
| 砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
| 貧 | *brɯn |
| 湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
| 盆 | *bɯːn |
| 葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
| 坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 分 | *pɯn, *bɯns |
| 吩 | *pɯn |
| 粉 | *pɯnʔ |
| 黺 | *pɯnʔ |
| 芬 | *pʰɯn |
| 紛 | *pʰɯn |
| 衯 | *pʰɯn |
| 棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 雰 | *pʰɯn |
| 忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
| 魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 汾 | *bɯn |
| 羒 | *bɯn |
| 枌 | *bɯn |
| 棼 | *bɯn |
| 妢 | *bɯn |
| 梤 | *bɯn |
| 馚 | *bɯn |
| 鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 弅 | *bɯnʔ |
| 秎 | *bɯns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns, “divide”) + semantic 貝 (“money”) – to divide one's money.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-b(u/i)l (“poor”); cognate with Tibetan དབུལ (dbul, “poor”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pín (pin$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pin$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): pin$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pin$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ping$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): běng
* Eastern Min (BUC): bìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pîn / pân / pûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ping$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pín
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pín
*** Wade–Giles: pʻin$^2$
*** Yale: pín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
*** Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pin
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pan$^4$
*** Yale: pàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: pin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: pin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ping$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: běng
*** Sinological IPA : /peiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîn
*** Tâi-lô: pîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piin
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen): /pin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pân
*** Tâi-lô: pân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paan
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Yilan): /pan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pan²³/
** (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pûn
*** Tâi-lô: pûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: puun
*** IPA (Tainan): /pun²⁴/
* Quanzhou:
** pîn - literary;
** pân - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit貧 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰin³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰin⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰiẽ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰiə̃⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰin⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰiẽ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰiə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰiŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰĩn⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰiŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰin²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰĩ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰiŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /biŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /bin¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /bin²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /beŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰin⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pin¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /bin¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰin¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰin¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰɐn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰɐn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pin³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /peiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /fin³¹/ /kiaŋ³¹/ 訓窮 |
* Middle Chinese: bin
Rime :
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符巾切 |
| Baxter | bin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bien/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bjin/ |
| Li Rong | /bjĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /bǐĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*brɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]rə[n]/ |
| English | poor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3140 |
| Phonetic component | 分 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貧 |
| Old Chinese | /*brɯn/ |

#### Definitions

貧
* poor; impoverished; destitute
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Chū zì běimén, yōuxīn yīnyīn. Zhōng jù qiě pín, mò zhī wǒ jiān. [Pinyin]
    I go out at the north gate, with my heart full of sorrow. Straitened am I and poor, and no one takes knowledge of my distress.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Pín ér wú yuàn, nán. Fù ér wú jiāo, yì. [Pinyin]
    To be poor without murmuring is difficult. To be rich without being proud is easy.
* to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of

##### Synonyms

* (poor):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窮 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 窮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 窮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 窮赤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 磽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 倒灶 |
* (to lack):
* 不夠 / 不够 (bùgòu)
* 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
* 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
* 不足 (bùzú)
* 乏達 / 乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
* 欠 (qiàn)
* 欠缺 (qiànquē)
* 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
* 短缺 (duǎnquē)
* 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
* 缺乏 (quēfá)
* 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
* 缺少 (quēshǎo)
* 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
* 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 虧 / 亏 (kuī)
* 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
* 闕如 / 阙如 (quērú) (literary)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “poor”): 富 (fù)

### Etymology 2

The same word as 頻／频 (pín, “frequent”) (Xu, 1990).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pín (pin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pín
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pín
*** Wade–Giles: pʻin$^2$
*** Yale: pín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
*** Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin³⁵/

#### Definitions

貧
* (colloquial) garrulous; talkative
** 18th century, Cao Xueqin, chapter 75, in Dream of the Red Chamber:
       [Bǎoyù] yīn Jiǎ Zhèng zài zuò zì shì cùjí bù'ān, [guìhuā] piān yòu zài tā shǒu nèi, yīn xiǎng: shuō xiàohuà, tǎnghuò shuō bù hǎo le, yòu shuō méi kǒucái; ruò shuō hǎo le, yòu shuō zhèngjǐng de bù huì zhǐ guǎn yóu zuǐ pín shé, gèng yǒu bùshì; bù rú bù shuō de hǎo. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Compounds

* 一貧如洗 / 一贫如洗 (yīpínrúxǐ)
* 七貧八富 / 七贫八富
* 下貧 / 下贫
* 不甘食貧 / 不甘食贫
* 人貧智短 / 人贫智短
* 倚富欺貧 / 倚富欺贫
* 劫富濟貧 / 劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
* 原憲貧 / 原宪贫
* 嘴貧 / 嘴贫 (zuǐpín)
* 嫌貧愛富 / 嫌贫爱富
* 孤貧 / 孤贫
* 孤貧顛連 / 孤贫颠连
* 安富恤貧 / 安富恤贫
* 安貧 / 安贫
* 安貧守道 / 安贫守道
* 安貧樂賤 / 安贫乐贱
* 安貧樂道 / 安贫乐道 (ānpínlèdào)
* 守道安貧 / 守道安贫
* 家貧 / 家贫 (jiāpín)
* 家貧命苦 / 家贫命苦
* 家貧如洗 / 家贫如洗
* 家道貧寒 / 家道贫寒
* 富不如貧 / 富不如贫
* 居貧 / 居贫
* 幫貧 / 帮贫 (bāngpín)
* 恤老憐貧 / 恤老怜贫
* 恤貧 / 恤贫
* 惡性貧血 / 恶性贫血 (èxìng pínxuè)
* 惜老憐貧 / 惜老怜贫
* 愛富嫌貧 / 爱富嫌贫
* 愛老憐貧 / 爱老怜贫
* 憐貧恤老 / 怜贫恤老
* 憐貧恤苦 / 怜贫恤苦
* 憐貧惜老 / 怜贫惜老
* 憐貧敬老 / 怜贫敬老
* 振窮卹貧 / 振穷卹贫
* 振貧濟乏 / 振贫济乏
* 放富差貧 / 放富差贫
* 敬老恤貧 / 敬老恤贫
* 敬老憐貧 / 敬老怜贫
* 數貧嘴 / 数贫嘴
* 樂貧甘賤 / 乐贫甘贱
* 樂道安貧 / 乐道安贫
* 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín)
* 清貧如洗 / 清贫如洗
* 清貧寡欲 / 清贫寡欲
* 濟寒賑貧 / 济寒赈贫
* 濟苦憐貧 / 济苦怜贫
* 濟貧 / 济贫 (jìpín)
* 濟貧拔苦 / 济贫拔苦
* 甘貧守分 / 甘贫守分
* 甘貧守志 / 甘贫守志
* 甘貧守節 / 甘贫守节
* 甘貧樂道 / 甘贫乐道
* 療貧 / 疗贫
* 矜貧恤獨 / 矜贫恤独
* 矜貧救厄 / 矜贫救厄
* 耍貧嘴 / 耍贫嘴 (shuǎ pínzuǐ)
* 脫貧 / 脱贫 (tuōpín)
* 腦貧血 / 脑贫血
* 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧僧 / 贫僧 (pínsēng)
* 貧嘴 / 贫嘴 (pínzuǐ)
* 貧嘴惡舌 / 贫嘴恶舌
* 貧嘴薄舌 / 贫嘴薄舌
* 貧嘴賤舌 / 贫嘴贱舌
* 貧嘴餓舌 / 贫嘴饿舌
* 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧士 / 贫士
* 貧女分光 / 贫女分光
* 貧子 / 贫子
* 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧富不均 / 贫富不均
* 貧寒出身 / 贫寒出身
* 貧富差距 / 贫富差距 (pínfù chājù)
* 貧富懸殊 / 贫富悬殊 (pínfùxuánshū)
* 貧弱 / 贫弱 (pínruò)
* 貧惰 / 贫惰 (pîn-tōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
* 貧戶 / 贫户
* 貧民 / 贫民 (pínmín)
* 貧民住宅 / 贫民住宅
* 貧民區 / 贫民区 (pínmínqū)
* 貧民救助 / 贫民救助
* 貧民窟 / 贫民窟 (pínmínkū)
* 貧氣 / 贫气
* 貧無立錐 / 贫无立锥
* 貧病 / 贫病
* 貧病交攻 / 贫病交攻
* 貧病交迫 / 贫病交迫
* 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí)
* 貧礦 / 贫矿
* 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
* 貧窮文化 / 贫穷文化
* 貧窶 / 贫窭
* 貧而樂道 / 贫而乐道
* 貧而無諂 / 贫而无谄
* 貧胎 / 贫胎
* 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)
* 貧血 / 贫血 (pínxuè)
* 貧血病 / 贫血病
* 貧賤 / 贫贱 (pínjiàn)
* 貧賤之交 / 贫贱之交
* 貧賤之知 / 贫贱之知
* 貧賤交 / 贫贱交
* 貧賤糟糠 / 贫贱糟糠
* 貧賤驕人 / 贫贱骄人
* 貧道 / 贫道 (píndào)
* 貧難 / 贫难
* 貧非病 / 贫非病
* 貧骨頭 / 贫骨头
* 賣富差貧 / 卖富差贫
* 赤貧 / 赤贫 (chìpín)
* 赤貧如洗 / 赤贫如洗
* 身貧如洗 / 身贫如洗
* 鍊貧 / 炼贫
* 饋貧糧 / 馈贫粮

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* poverty

#### Readings

* Go-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ひん (hin, Jōyō)
* Kun: まずしい (mazushii, 貧しい, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

貧 (eumhun 가난할 빈 (gananhal bin))
* hanja form of 빈 (“poverty”)

#### Compounds

* 빈곤 (貧困, bin'gon, “poverty”)
* 빈민 (貧民, binmin, “poor people”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

貧: Hán Nôm readings: bần