# -ci
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ťi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ t͡sɪ]

### Suffix

-ci
* (archaic) the infinitive ending

#### Related terms

* -ti
* -t

## French
### Etymology

From ci (“here”), older form of ici. Similar to Latin -ce, but not a direct continuation of it.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Particle

-ci
* Used with the demonstrative ce and all its forms in order to specify the meaning “this, these”.
    Antonym: -là (“that, those”)
    Cette chambre-ci est plus grande que l’autre.This room is bigger than the other one.
    L’autre chambre était plus petite que celle-ci.The other room was smaller than this one.
    Cet homme-ci n’est pas mon mari.This man is not my husband.
    Ces valises-ci ne sont pas les miennes.These suitcases are not mine.

#### Derived terms

* ceci
* celle-ci
* celles-ci
* celui-ci
* ceux-ci

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From -c (diminutive suffix) +‎ -i (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡si]

### Suffix

-ci
* (diminutive suffix) Used mostly in given names, but also in other words.
    ‎László + ‎-ci → ‎Laci
    ‎futball (“football, soccer”) + ‎-ci → ‎foci

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

### References

* ↑ -ci in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

## Italian
### Pronoun

-ci
* enclitic form of ci; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is first plural person
    dare (“to give”) → darci (“to give ourselves; to give us; to give for us”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → venderci (“to sell ourselves; to sell us; to sell to us”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirci (“to serve ourselves; to serve us; to serve to us”)

#### Usage notes

The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
    -are → -arci
    -ere → -erci
    -ire → -irci
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
    introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurci (“to introduce ourselves; to introduce us; to insert in us”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -ci.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kiː/, [kiː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /t͡ʃi/, [t͡ʃiː]

### Etymology 1

Declined forms of -cus (adjectival suffix).

#### Suffix

-cī
* inflection of -cus:
** nominative/vocative masculine plural
** genitive masculine/neuter singular

### Etymology 2

A declined form of -cum (nominal suffix).

#### Suffix

-cī n
* genitive singular of -cum

## Nupe
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃī/

#### Suffix

-ci
* (added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun
    ‎ebasan (“divination”) + ‎-ci → ‎ebasanci (“diviner”)
    ‎nuwangbin (“swimming”) + ‎-ci → ‎nuwangbinci (“swimmer”)
    ‎dòkò (“horse”) + ‎-ci → ‎dòkòci (“horse-rider”)
    ‎enunù (“hoeing”) + ‎-ci → ‎enunùci (“farmer”)
* (added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym
    ‎Nupe (“Nupe”) + ‎-ci → ‎Nupeci (“Nupe person”)
    ‎Pátígi (“Patigi”) + ‎-ci → ‎Pátígici (“Patigi person”)
    ‎latí (“farm”) + ‎-ci → ‎latíci (“rural person”)
* (added to nouns) Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit
    ‎ègbà (“deleb palm fruit”) + ‎-ci → ‎gbàci (“deleb palm tree”)
    ‎ekò (“shea nut kernel”) + ‎-ci → ‎kòci (“shea tree”)
    ‎yìkunnu (“palm fruit”) + ‎-ci → ‎yìkunnuci (“oil palm tree”)

##### Derived terms

(agent suffix):
(demonymic suffix):

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃī/

#### Suffix

-ci
* Used to form ordinal numerals
    Twabàci (“Seventh”)

### Further reading

* Alhaji, Gabra Ibrahim A Morphological Analysis of Nouns and Adjectives In The Nupe Language, 2012

## Old Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /t͡ɕi/
* IPA: (15th CE) /t͡ɕi/

### Suffix

-ci
* Alternative form of -ć

#### Derived terms
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Middle Polish) IPA: /t͡ɕi/

### Suffix

-ci
* (Middle Polish, not productive) Alternative form of -ć

#### Derived terms
## Salar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-ti.

### Pronunciation

* (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: [d͡ʑi]

### Suffix

-ci
* -ed (past tense participle)
    Men zide yumuda, samsaq, soğanlarnı al gelci. ― I bought (lit. bought and came) eggs, garlic, scallions, etc. at the market.
    Men aña galaci. ― I liked him/her.
    İşgi gün volcı. ― It's been two days.

### References

* ↑ 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “-ci”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎, Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, pages 35, 103
* ↑ 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “-ci”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎, 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 73
* Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “-ci”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 363
* Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007) “-ci”, in Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes: Part I: Phonology‎, 1st edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 48

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـجی, from Proto-Turkic *-či.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒi/, /ˈd͡ʒi/

### Suffix

-ci
* Suffix appended to words to create a noun, denoting a profession, occupation or inclination.

#### Usage notes

* Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:
    büyü /byˈjy/ becomes büyücü /by.jyˈd͡ʒy/
* Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:
    voleybol /voˈlej.boɫ/ becomes voleybolcu /voˈlej.boɫ.d͡ʒu/

#### Related terms

* -ici

#### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 453