# dlúth
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /d̪ˠl̪ˠuːh/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /d̪ˠlˠuː/, /d̪ˠl̪ˠuː/
* (Aran) IPA: /d̪ˠəˈluː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish dlúth, from Proto-Celtic *dluti-, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly sharing a Proto-Indo-European root with Ancient Greek θλάω (thláō, “to bruise”); also compare φλάω (phláō).

#### Adjective

dlúth (genitive singular masculine dlúith, genitive singular feminine dlúithe, plural dlútha, comparative dlúithe)
* close, compact
* dense, solid
* close, tight
* near
* intense, earnest

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Alternative forms

* dlúthach

##### Derived terms

* ceirnín dlúth (“compact disc”)
* dlúfar (“close-set, compact”, adjective)
* dlús m (“compactness”)
* dlúthacht f
* dlúthaigh (“to compress”, verb)
* dlúthbhaint f (“close contact”)
* dlúthchaidreamh m (“close intimacy”)
* dlúthchéimseata f (“solid geometry”)
* dlútheagar m (“close order”)
* dlúthógach (“solid”, adjective)
* dlúthpháirtíochas m (“solidarism”)
* dlúthpháirtíocht f (“solidarity”)
* dlúthuillinn f (“solid angle”)

#### Noun

dlúth m (genitive singular dlúith)
* (weaving, etc.) warp
    Synonym: deilbh

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
dlúth
vocative
a dhlúith
genitive
dlúith
dative
dlúth
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an dlúth
genitive
an dlúith
dative
leis an dlúth don dlúth :

##### Derived terms

* dlúthadóir m (“warp-setter”)

#### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 266
* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dlùth”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

See dlúthaigh.

#### Verb

dlúth (present analytic dlúthann, future analytic dlúthfaidh, verbal noun dlúthadh, past participle dlúta)
* (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of dlúthaigh (“to compress, tighten”)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | dlúthaim | dlúthann tú; dlúthair$^†$ | dlúthann sé, sí | dlúthaimid | dlúthann sibh | dlúthann siad; dlúthaid$^†$ | a dhlúthann; a dhlúthas / a ndlúthann* | dlútar |
| indicative | past | dhlúth mé; dhlúthas | dhlúth tú; dhlúthais | dhlúth sé, sí | dhlúthamar; dhlúth muid | dhlúth sibh; dhlúthabhair | dhlúth siad; dhlúthadar | a dhlúth / ar dhlúth* | dlúthadh |
| indicative | past habitual | dhlúthainn / ndlúthainn‡‡ | dhlútá / ndlútá‡‡ | dhlúthadh sé, sí / ndlúthadh sé, sí‡‡ | dhlúthaimis; dhlúthadh muid / ndlúthaimis‡‡; ndlúthadh muid‡‡ | dhlúthadh sibh / ndlúthadh sibh‡‡ | dhlúthaidís; dhlúthadh siad / ndlúthaidís‡‡; ndlúthadh siad‡‡ | a dhlúthadh / a ndlúthadh* | dhlútaí / ndlútaí‡‡ |
| future | future | dlúthfaidh mé; dlúthfad | dlúthfaidh tú; dlúthfair$^†$ | dlúthfaidh sé, sí | dlúthfaimid; dlúthfaidh muid | dlúthfaidh sibh | dlúthfaidh siad; dlúthfaid$^†$ | a dhlúthfaidh; a dhlúthfas / a ndlúthfaidh* | dlúthfar |
| conditional | conditional | dhlúthfainn / ndlúthfainn‡‡ | dhlúthfá / ndlúthfá‡‡ | dhlúthfadh sé, sí / ndlúthfadh sé, sí‡‡ | dhlúthfaimis; dhlúthfadh muid / ndlúthfaimis‡‡; ndlúthfadh muid‡‡ | dhlúthfadh sibh / ndlúthfadh sibh‡‡ | dhlúthfaidís; dhlúthfadh siad / ndlúthfaidís‡‡; ndlúthfadh siad‡‡ | a dhlúthfadh / a ndlúthfadh* | dhlúthfaí / ndlúthfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ndlútha mé; go ndlúthad$^†$ | go ndlútha tú; go ndlúthair$^†$ | go ndlútha sé, sí | go ndlúthaimid; go ndlútha muid | go ndlútha sibh | go ndlútha siad; go ndlúthaid$^†$ | — | go ndlútar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ndlúthainn | dá ndlútá | dá ndlúthadh sé, sí | dá ndlúthaimis; dá ndlúthadh muid | dá ndlúthadh sibh | dá ndlúthaidís; dá ndlúthadh siad | — | dá ndlútaí |
| imperative | imperative | dlúthaim | dlúth | dlúthadh sé, sí | dlúthaimis | dlúthaigí; dlúthaidh$^†$ | dlúthaidís | — | dlútar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh | dlúthadh |
| past participle | past participle | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta | dlúta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

dlúth
* Alternative form of dlú

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dlúth, dlúith ‘close, compact, dense’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 dlúth ‘warp, thread’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dlúth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dlúth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dlúth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 70