# ast
## Translingual
### Symbol

ast
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Asturian.

## English
### Verb

ast
* Pronunciation spelling of asked, simple past and past participle of ask
** 1937, John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men‎, Penguin Books Limited, published 2000, →ISBN:Curley said, "Well, I didn't mean nothing, Slim. I just ast you."
** 1988 October 21, Bryan Miller, “Strangers in a Train Station”, in Chicago Reader‎:I just ast her.

### Anagrams

* S.A.T., Sta., ats, TAs, Sat., Sta, sta, S. A. T., sat, ATs, tas, sat., Tas., ATS, Sat, at's, TSA, SAT, T(S/A), TAS, T.A.s, Tas, TA's, STA

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin hasta (“spear, lance”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈast]

### Noun

ast m (plural asts or astos)
* spit, skewer
    pollastre a l'astchicken on the skewer

#### Derived terms

* aster
* enastar

#### Related terms

* asta

### Further reading

* “ast” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Middle High German ast, from Old High German ast.
Cognate with German Ast, Dutch ast, Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts); also Old Armenian ոստ (ost), Ancient Greek ὄζος (ózos).

### Noun

ast m (plural éste)
* (Sette Comuni) conifer branch
    Dar ast ist guuts holtz so prönnan.Conifer branches make excellent firewood.

### References

* “ast” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Ingrian

Spatial inflection of ast :
| →○ | illative | asse |
| ○ | inessive | as |
| ○→ | elative | ast |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑstɑ/, [ˈɑs̠t]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑst/, [ˈɑʃt]
* Rhymes: -ɑst
* Hyphenation: ast

### Postposition

ast (+ illative or allative)
* (of time) up to, until
* (of distance or motion) all the way to
ast (+ elative or ablative)
* (of time) ever since
* (of distance or motion) all the way from

#### Synonyms

* saa, nasse, nas, nast, asse

#### Derived terms

* nast

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 22

## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | اَست |

### Etymology

Cognate with Turkish ast.

### Pronunciation

* (Talxâbî) IPA: [ɒsd̥], [ɑsd̥]

### Postposition

ast
* under, below
    Synonym: asra

### Noun

ast (definite accusative astı, plural astlar)
* under, bottom
* underside
    Synonyms: alt, asra

#### Derived terms

* hadaqııñ astı (“shank, sole”)

### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

Probably a univerbation of at +‎ est with subsequent contraction.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ast/, [äs̠t̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ast/, [äst̪]

### Conjunction

ast
* (law, protasis) but if, and if (in double stipulations)
    Synonyms: sīn autem, sī porrō
* (literary, often followed by a vowel) but, however, whereas
** while, and
    Synonyms: at, sed
* (literary) and then, forthwith, whereupon (followed immediately by a subject switch, normally a personal pronoun)

### References

* “ast” on page 209 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ast”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

### Further reading

* “ast”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ast”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* (Courland) astõ

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *astudak.

### Verb

ast
* step

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Central Kurdish ئاست (ast).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːst/

### Noun

ast m or f (Arabic spelling ئاست)
* level (degree or amount)

#### Declension
### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ast”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 15

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ast.

### Noun

ast m
* branch

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: ast
** Cimbrian: ast
** German: Ast
** Luxembourgish: Aascht

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ast.

### Noun

ast m
* branch

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ast