# 粗

| 粗 | U+7C97, &#31895; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C97 |
| ← 粖 [U+7C96] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 粘 → [U+7C98] |

## Translingual
### Han character

粗 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木月一 (FDBM), four-corner 9791$_0$, composition ⿰米且)

#### Derived characters

* 𪮩, 𫏝, 𬖼

#### Related characters

* 麤, 麄, 麁 (Variant forms)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26898
* Dae Jaweon: page 1333, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3144, character 13
* Unihan data for U+7C97

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 粗
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaː, *zaːʔ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ra (“hard, difficult”); cognate with Tibetan སྲ་མོ (sra mo, “hard”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cū (cu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cou$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cu$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chú
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cou$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chho͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cou$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cū
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cu
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻu$^1$
*** Yale: tsū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsu
*** Palladius: цу (cu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^1$
*** Yale: chōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhû
*** Hakka Romanization System: cu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho͘
*** Tâi-lô: tshoo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhof
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshou
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshu
*** MiniDict: tshu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰu⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: cou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰəu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzuX
Rime :
| Character | 粗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徂古切 |
| Baxter | dzuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zo$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zo$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-s.r̥ˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaː/, /*zaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 粗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshu › |
| Old Chinese | /*Nə-s.r̥ˁa/ |
| English | coarse, thick (as hair) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 粗 | 粗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10403 | 10408 |
| Phonetic component | 且 | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麤 | 粗 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaː/ | /*zaːʔ/ |

### Definitions

粗
* coarse; rough
    Antonym: 細 / 细 (xì)
* vulgar; rude; crude
* thick; heavy; bulky (especially of cylindrical objects)
    Antonym: 細 / 细 (xì)
    頭髮粗硬／头发粗硬 ― tóufà cū yìng ― the hair is rough and stiff
    腿粗的男生 ― tuǐ cū de nánshēng ― man with large thighs

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “coarse, thick”): (Cantonese) 幼 (jau3, “fine; thin”)

#### Compounds

* 亂頭粗服 / 乱头粗服
* 出粗
* 動粗 / 动粗 (dòngcū)
* 去粗取精 (qùcūqǔjīng)
* 大老粗 (dàlǎocū)
* 心粗氣浮 / 心粗气浮
* 心粗膽大 / 心粗胆大
* 才短氣粗 / 才短气粗
* 打粗
* 抱粗腿 (bào cūtuǐ)
* 拿粗挾細 / 拿粗挟细
* 挾細拿粗 / 挟细拿粗
* 氣粗 / 气粗
* 濁酒粗食 / 浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
* 粗中有細 / 粗中有细
* 粗人 (cūrén)
* 粗俗 (cūsú)
* 粗劣 (cūliè)
* 粗品
* 粗壯 / 粗壮 (cūzhuàng)
* 粗大 (cūdà)
* 粗夯 (cūbèn)
* 粗實 / 粗实
* 粗工
* 粗布 (cūbù)
* 粗心 (cūxīn)
* 粗心大意 (cūxīndàyì)
* 粗心浮氣 / 粗心浮气
* 粗忽
* 粗惡 / 粗恶
* 粗手粗腳 / 粗手粗脚
* 粗放農業 / 粗放农业
* 粗料
* 粗暴 (cūbào)
* 粗服亂頭 / 粗服乱头
* 粗枝大葉 / 粗枝大叶 (cūzhīdàyè)
* 粗樂 / 粗乐
* 粗活 (cūhuó)
* 粗淺 / 粗浅 (cūqiǎn)
* 粗滾滾 / 粗滚滚
* 粗獷 / 粗犷
* 粗率
* 粗略 (cūlüè)
* 粗畫 / 粗画
* 粗疏 (cūshū)
* 粗眉大眼
* 粗硬
* 粗笨 (cūbèn)
* 粗糙 (cūcāo)
* 粗糧 / 粗粮 (cūliáng)
* 粗糲 / 粗粝 (cūlì)
* 粗紗 / 粗纱
* 粗紡 / 粗纺
* 粗細 / 粗细 (cūxì)
* 粗線條 / 粗线条 (cūxiàntiáo)
* 粗聲厲語 / 粗声厉语
* 粗聲粗氣 / 粗声粗气 (cūshēngcūqì)
* 粗肋草 (cūlècǎo)
* 粗胚
* 粗茶淡飯 / 粗茶淡饭 (cūchádànfàn)
* 粗莽
* 粗衣劣食
* 粗衣惡食 / 粗衣恶食
* 粗衣淡飯 / 粗衣淡饭
* 粗衣糲食 / 粗衣粝食
* 粗製 / 粗制
* 粗製品 / 粗制品
* 粗製濫造 / 粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
* 粗言
* 粗話 / 粗话 (cūhuà)
* 粗豪
* 粗賤 / 粗贱
* 粗躁
* 粗通
* 粗鄙 (cūbǐ)
* 粗重 (cūzhòng)
* 粗野 (cūyě)
* 粗陋 (cūlòu)
* 粗陶
* 粗面岩
* 粗風暴雨 / 粗风暴雨
* 粗食 (cūshí)
* 粗飯 / 粗饭
* 粗魯 / 粗鲁 (cūlǔ)
* 粗鹵 / 粗卤 (cūlǔ)
* 精粗
* 糲食粗衣 / 粝食粗衣
* 糲食粗餐 / 粝食粗餐
* 老粗 (lǎocū)
* 腰粗氣豪 / 腰粗气豪
* 財大氣粗 / 财大气粗 (cáidàqìcū)

### References

* “粗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
* Kun: あらい (arai, 粗い, Jōyō)、ほぼ (hobo, 粗)

#### Compounds

* 粗景(そけい) (sokei): gift
* 粗糙(そそう) (sosō): coarseness, roughness
* 粗布(そふ) (sofu)

## Korean
### Hanja

粗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

粗: Hán Nôm readings: thô, sồ, to, xồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation