# sain
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen, from Old English sēnian, seġnian, from Proto-Germanic *segnōną (“to mark with a cross, bless”), from Latin signō, from signum. Cognate with Dutch zegenen (“to bless”), German segnen (“to bless”), Irish séan (“sign, omen”) and Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seɪn/
* Rhymes: -eɪn
* Homophones: sane, Seine (one pronunciation)

### Verb

sain (third-person singular simple present sains, present participle saining, simple past and past participle sained)
* (transitive, archaic) To make the sign of the cross on or over something or someone.
** 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 261:Saining is the grand protection against them; a Shetlander always sains himself when passing by their hills.
* (intransitive, obsolete except in Scots) To make the sign of the cross.
* (transitive, archaic) To bless, to keep from evil influence.
    Sain usǃ Sain us, oh Godǃ.
** 1889, “Agamemnon”, in Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead, transl., The House of Atreus, 2nd edition, page 57:Far from my speech stands he who sains and saves.
** 1983, Robert Nye, The Facts of Life:The child was sained then. Fir candles were lighted and whirled round the bed in which mother and infant lay.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “sain”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* ↑ “sain”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* anis, Sani, nias, ASIN, ANSI, nasi, Sina, nais, Sian, AINs, Anis, ISNA, Nias, sian, as in, ains, Isan, nasi', NIAS

## Bavarian
### Verb

sain
* (Sappada, Sauris, Timau) to be

### References

* Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.

## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* saen

### Etymology

Compare Tagalog saan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈʔin/ [saˈʔin̪]
* Hyphenation: sa‧in

### Adverb

sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)
* (interrogative, directive) where
    Sain mo siya nahiling?Where did you see him/her?

### Conjunction

sàin (plural sarain, Basahan spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)
* where
    Lingaw ko na kun sain ko binugtak an (sakuyang) salming (ko).I forgot where I place my eyeglasses.

#### Derived terms

* masain
* nasain
* pasain
* sain man

#### See also

* hain

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: sa‧in
* IPA: /ˈsaʔin/ [ˈs̪a.ʔɪn̪]

### Pronoun

sáin (Badlit spelling ᜐᜁᜈ᜔)
* which
    Synonym: asa

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* zèinan, soin

### Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”). Cognate with German sein.

### Verb

sain (irregular, auxiliary sain)
* (Tredici Comuni) to be

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Estonian
### Verb

sain
* first-person singular past indicative of saama

## Finnish
### Verb

sain
* first-person singular past indicative of saada

### Anagrams

* Sian, anis, nais, nais-, sian

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French sain, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: sains, saint, saints, sein, seing, seings, seins
* Rhymes: -ɛ̃

### Adjective

sain (feminine saine, masculine plural sains, feminine plural saines)
* healthy; in good health
* healthful; beneficial to health of body or mind

#### Derived terms

* sain et sauf

#### Related terms

* santé
* sanitaire

### Further reading

* “sain”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* anis, nais, nias

## Manchu
### Romanization

sain
* Romanization of ᠰᠠᡳᠨ

## Middle English
### Verb

sain
* Alternative form of seien

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin sānus.

### Adjective

sain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular saine)
* healthy; in good health

#### Descendants

* French: sain

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sanis (“different”) (whence Welsh hân (“separation”), from Proto-Indo-European *senH-; cognate with Latin sine, Ancient Greek ἄτερ (áter, “without, apart from”), Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr, “without”), Old English sundor (“apart, separately”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sanʲ]

### Adjective

sain
* different
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14$^c$23
    co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiuso that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 220$^a$10
    A·tá tairmthechtas persan híc .i. is sain indí asid·rubart ⁊ indí frisa n-érbrath.There is a transition of persons here, i.e. the one who has said it and the one to whom it has been said are different.
* special
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 73$^d$7
    Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.
** c. 850, Pangur Bán, stanza 1:Messe ocus Pangur Bán,   cechtar náthar fria sain-dán bíth a menma-sam fri seilgg   mu menma céin im sain-cheirdd.I and Pangur Bán, each of us two at his special art: his mind is at hunting, my own mind is in my special craft.

#### Usage notes

This adjective is usually used predicatively or prefixed to the noun it modifies, which (unless it starts with one of d l n s t) undergoes lenition. However, attributive uses are attested in the St. Gall Priscian glosses.

#### Inflection

i-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | sain | sain | sain |
| Vocative | sain | sain | sain |
| Accusative | sain | sain | sain |
| Genitive | sain | saine | sain |
| Dative | sain | sain | sain |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | saini | saini | saini |
| Vocative | saini | saini | saini |
| Accusative | saini | saini | saini |
| Genitive | sain* saine | sain* saine | sain* saine |
| Dative | sainib | sainib | sainib |
| Notes | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sain”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin suīnus.

### Noun

sain n (plural sainuri)
* (archaic) pork meat

#### See also

* porc
* carne

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* sein (Sursilvan)
* sagn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

### Etymology

From Latin sinus (compare French sein, Italian seno, Romanian sân, Spanish seno).

### Noun

sain m
* (Rumantsch Grischun, anatomy) breast (of a woman)

#### Related terms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) pèz
* (Sutsilvan) péz
* (Puter, Vallader) pet

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English (whence also English sain), from Old English, from Latin. Cognate to Scottish Gaelic seun (“a charm”).

### Verb

sain
* to bless or consecrate
* to make the sign of the cross, to genuflect

## Southern Catanduanes Bicolano
### Adverb

sàin
* (interrogative, directive) where
    Sain mo siya nahiling?Where did you see him?

#### Related terms

* asain

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English sign.

### Noun

sain
* sign

## Welsh
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sten- (“to roar”). Cognate with German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Russian стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sai̯n/
* Rhymes: -ai̯n

### Noun

sain f (plural seiniau, not mutable)
* sound, audio

#### Usage notes

The word sŵn refers to a general "sound" or "noise" whereas the word sain refers to "sound" or "audio" in a more technical context.

#### Derived terms

* atsain (“echo”)
* cytsain (“consonant”)
* deusain (“diphthong”)
* persain (“symphony”)
* seindorf (“band”)
* seineg (“phonetics”)
* seinio (“(re)sound”, verb)

#### Related terms

* darstain (“resound, reverberate”)

### References

* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* 1 2 R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “darstain”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Wobé
### Pronunciation

* A user suggests that this Wobé entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “clean up pronunciation”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
* starts with a low tone and moves to a high tone

### Adjective

sain
* red, yellow