# polio
## English
### Etymology

First element of polio(myelitis).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpəʊljəʊ/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpoʊlioʊ/, /-ljoʊ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊljəʊ
* Hyphenation: po‧lio

### Noun

polio (countable and uncountable, plural polios)
* (uncountable) Abbreviation of poliomyelitis.
* (countable, informal) A person who has poliomyelitis.
** 1977, United States. Congress. House. Welfare Reform Subcommittee, Administration's Welfare Reform Proposal: Joint Hearings..., page 223:They don't need social service workers running back and forth every month or two to see if the polios are playing stickball in the street because they never will.
** 2008, Cynthia Comacchio, Janet Golden, George Weisz, Healing the World's Children, page 141:The “polios” (as they called themselves) in Warm Springs didn't deny the seriousness of their health issues or the impairments to their physiology. But their most critical struggle, they claimed, involved healing sorely wounded spirits.

#### Derived terms

* DPT

## Dutch
### Etymology

Shortening of poliomyelitis. Perhaps borrowed from English polio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpoː.li.oː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: po‧lio

### Noun

polio f (uncountable)
* polio, poliomyelitis [from ca. 1950s]
    Synonyms: kinderverlamming, poliomyelitis

#### Derived terms

* poliovaccin

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English polio, from German Poliomyelitis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpolio/, [ˈpo̞lio̞]
* Rhymes: -olio
* Hyphenation: po‧lio

### Noun

polio
* poliomyelitis

#### Declension

Possessive forms of polio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
polioni
polioni
accusative
nom.
polioni
polioni
gen.
polioni
genitive
polioni
polioideni polioitteni
partitive
poliotani
polioitani
inessive
poliossani
polioissani
elative
poliostani
polioistani
illative
poliooni
polioihini
adessive
poliollani
polioillani
ablative
polioltani
polioiltani
allative
poliolleni
polioilleni
essive
polionani
polioinani
translative
poliokseni
polioikseni
abessive
poliottani
polioittani
instructive
comitative
—polioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
poliosi
poliosi
accusative
nom.
poliosi
poliosi
gen.
poliosi
genitive
poliosi
polioidesi polioittesi
partitive
poliotasi
polioitasi
inessive
poliossasi
polioissasi
elative
poliostasi
polioistasi
illative
polioosi
polioihisi
adessive
poliollasi
polioillasi
ablative
polioltasi
polioiltasi
allative
poliollesi
polioillesi
essive
polionasi
polioinasi
translative
polioksesi
polioiksesi
abessive
poliottasi
polioittasi
instructive
comitative
—polioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
poliomme
poliomme
accusative
nom.
poliomme
poliomme
gen.
poliomme
genitive
poliomme
polioidemme polioittemme
partitive
poliotamme
polioitamme
inessive
poliossamme
polioissamme
elative
poliostamme
polioistamme
illative
polioomme
polioihimme
adessive
poliollamme
polioillamme
ablative
polioltamme
polioiltamme
allative
poliollemme
polioillemme
essive
polionamme
polioinamme
translative
polioksemme
polioiksemme
abessive
poliottamme
polioittamme
instructive
comitative
—polioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
polionne
polionne
accusative
nom.
polionne
polionne
gen.
polionne
genitive
polionne
polioidenne polioittenne
partitive
poliotanne
polioitanne
inessive
poliossanne
polioissanne
elative
poliostanne
polioistanne
illative
polioonne
polioihinne
adessive
poliollanne
polioillanne
ablative
polioltanne
polioiltanne
allative
poliollenne
polioillenne
essive
polionanne
polioinanne
translative
polioksenne
polioiksenne
abessive
poliottanne
polioittanne
instructive
comitative
—polioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
polionsa
polionsa
accusative
nom.
polionsa
polionsa
gen.
polionsa
genitive
polionsa
polioidensa polioittensa
partitive
poliotaan poliotansa
polioitaan polioitansa
inessive
poliossaan poliossansa
polioissaan polioissansa
elative
poliostaan poliostansa
polioistaan polioistansa
illative
polioonsa
polioihinsa
adessive
poliollaan poliollansa
polioillaan polioillansa
ablative
polioltaan polioltansa
polioiltaan polioiltansa
allative
poliolleen poliollensa
polioilleen polioillensa
essive
polionaan polionansa
polioinaan polioinansa
translative
poliokseen polioksensa
polioikseen polioiksensa
abessive
poliottaan poliottansa
polioittaan polioittansa
instructive
comitative
—polioineen polioinensa :

#### Derived terms

* poliorokote
* poliorokotus
* poliovirus

### Further reading

* “polio”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* lipoo, pooli

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.ljo/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

polio f (uncountable)
* Clipping of poliomyélite. polio, poliomyelitis

### Further reading

* “polio”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.ljo/
* Rhymes: -ɔljo
* Hyphenation: pò‧lio

### Etymology 1

From [Teucrium] polium, from Late Latin polium, polion, from Ancient Greek πόλιον (pólion), from πολιός (poliós, “white, grey”).

#### Noun

polio m (uncountable)
* the plant Teucrium polium (felty germander)
    Synonym: canutola

### Etymology 2

Clipping of poliomielite.

#### Noun

polio f (invariable)
* poliomyelitis, polio

### Anagrams

* -opoli, piolo

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpo.li.oː/, [ˈpɔlʲioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpo.li.o/, [ˈpɔːlio]

### Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin.
Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to swing”), from the notion of fulling cloth by swinging and beating it. In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to swing, shake loose”). See also interpolō.
Another theory derives the word from an unattested adjective *polis, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-i, from *pelh₂- (“flat”), taking the word's original meaning as "to make flat and smooth".

#### Verb

poliō (present infinitive polīre, perfect active polīvī or poliī, supine polītum); fourth conjugation
* to polish, to smooth

##### Derived terms

* expolio
* interpolō
* polītus

##### Descendants

* Asturian: polir, pulir
* Catalan: polir
* Danish: polere
* Dutch: polijsten
* Esperanto: poluri
* Friulian: pulî
* Galician: pulir, puír
* Hungarian: políroz
* Ido: polisar
* Interlingua: polir
* Italian: pulire, polire
* Norwegian Bokmål: polere
* Norwegian Nynorsk: polere
* Old French: polir
** French: polir
** → Middle English: polishen
*** English: polish
** → Middle High German: polieren
*** German: polieren
*** → Russian: полирова́ть (polirovátʹ)
* Piedmontese: pulì
* Polish: polerować
* Portuguese: polir, puir
* Spanish: pulir, polir
* Swedish: polera
* Vulgar Latin: *politiāre
** Neapolitan: polezzare
** Sicilian: pulizziari

#### References

* “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* polio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* polio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “poliō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 476-7

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

poliō n
* dative/ablative singular of polion
* dative/ablative singular of polium

## Lindu
### Noun

polio
* farmer

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.ljɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔljɔ
* Syllabification: po‧lio

### Noun

polio n (indeclinable)
* (countable) polio, poliovirus (human enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family that causes poliomyelitis)
    Synonym: poliowirus
* (uncountable) polio, poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis (acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and sometimes deformity)
    Synonyms: choroba Heinego-Medina, heinemedina, porażenie dziecięce

#### Declension

Indeclinable
or

### Further reading

* polio in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* polio in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Participle

polio (Cyrillic spelling полио)
* masculine singular active past participle of politi

## Spanish
### Etymology

Clipping of poliomielitis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpoljo/ [ˈpo.ljo]
* Rhymes: -oljo
* Syllabification: po‧lio

### Noun

polio f (plural polios)
* poliomyelitis

### Further reading

* “polio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English polio.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

polio class IX (no plural)
* poliomyelitis
    Synonym: ugonjwa wa kupooza