# ظاهر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ظ ه ر (ẓ h r)
* 17 terms

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ðˤaː.hi.ru/

#### Verb

ظَاهَرَ • (ẓāhara) III (non-past يُظَاهِرُ (yuẓāhiru), verbal noun ظِهَار (ẓihār) or مُظَاهَرَة (muẓāhara))
* to help, to assist, to aid, to support

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Derived from the active participle of ظَهَرَ (ẓahara).

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ðˤaː.hir/

#### Adjective

ظَاهِر • (ẓāhir)
* apparent, visible
* evident, obvious

##### Antonyms

* بَاطِن (bāṭin)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: dieher
* → Azerbaijani: zahir
* → English: zahir
* → Malay: zahir, lahir
** → Indonesian: zahir, lahir
* → Ottoman Turkish: ظاهر (zahir)
** Turkish: zahir
* → Persian: ظاهر (zâher)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਾਹਰ (zāhar)
    Shahmukhi script: ظاہر (z̤āhr)
** → Bengali: জহির (johir)
* → Swahili: dhahiri
* → Uyghur: زاھىر (zahir)
* → Uzbek: zohir

#### Noun

ظَاهِر • (ẓāhir) m (plural ظَوَاهِر (ẓawāhir))
* face
* surface
* what is apparent (as opposed to what is unseen, invisible)
* exterior
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 57:13:بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَاهِرُهُ مِن قِبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُbāṭinuhu fīhi r-raḥmatu waẓāhiruhu min qibalihi l-ʕaḏābuOn the near side will be grace and on the far side will be torment.

##### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظَاهِر (ẓāhir, “apparent, visible”).

### Adjective

ظاهر • (zahir)
* obvious, clear, evident, apparent, manifest, visible
    Synonyms: آچق (açık), آشكار (aşikâr), بللی (belli), منجلی (münceli)
* external, exterior, relating to the outside parts or surface of something

#### Descendants

* Turkish: zahir

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zahir1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5425
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zâhir”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1400
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ظاهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1230
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Externus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 529
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ظاهر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3166
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zahir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ظاهر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1269

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظَاهِر (ẓāhir).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zɑː.ˈhiɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑː.ɦɪ́ɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑː.ɦɪ́ɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɑː.jɪ́ɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zɔː.jíɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zɒː.ɦéɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zɔ.ɦíɾ]

### Adjective

ظاهر • (zâher)
* exterior, external, outer
    Synonyms: ببرونی (biruni), خارجی (xâreji)
    Antonyms: درونی (daruni), داخلی (dâxeli)
* apparent, clear, manifest
    Synonyms: هویدا (hoveydâ), واضح (vâzeh), معلوم (ma'lum), آشکار (âškâr), روشن (rowšan)
    Antonyms: مخفی (maxfi), پنهان (penhân)
* superficial, exoteric
    Antonym: باطن (bâten)

#### Derived terms

* ظاهر شدن (zâher šodan)

#### Descendants

* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਾਹਰ (zāhar)
    Shahmukhi script: ظاہر (z̤āhr)

### Noun

ظاهر • (zâher) (plural ظواهر (zavâher))
* appearance, outward look
    Synonym: صورت (surat)
    Antonym: باطن (bâten)

### Further reading

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ظاهر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul