# यन्त्र
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* যন্ত্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬬᬦ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* যন্ত্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰧𑰡𑰿𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀬𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ယန္တြ (Burmese script)
* યન્ત્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਯਨ੍ਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂨𑂢𑂹𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಯನ್ತ್ರ (Kannada script)
* យន្ត្រ (Khmer script)
* ຍນ຺ຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* യന്ത്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᠶᠠᠨᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘧𑘡𑘿𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧇𑧁𑧠𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐫𑐣𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢫꢥ꣄ꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆪𑆤𑇀𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖧𑖡𑖿𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* යන‍්ත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩻𑩯 𑪙𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚣𑚝𑚶𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* யந்த்ர (Tamil script)
* యన్త్ర (Telugu script)
* ยนฺตฺร (Thai script)
* ཡ་ནྟྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒨𑒢𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨪𑨝𑩇𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yem-tró-m (“instrument of restraining”), from *yem- (“to hold, to restrain”). See also the root यम् (yam).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /jɐn.tɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈjɐn̪.t̪ɾɐ/

### Noun

यन्त्र • (yantrá) stem, n
* any instrument for holding or restraining or fastening, a prop, support, barrier; a fetter, band, tie, thong, rein
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.149.1:सविता यन्त्रैः पृथिवीमरम्णादस्कम्भने सविता द्यामदृंहत् ।savitā yantraiḥ pṛthivīmaramṇādaskambhane savitā dyāmadṛṃhat.Savitar fixed the earth with fetters to bind it, and made heaven stedfast where no prop supported.
* a surgical instrument (especially a blunt one, such as tweezers)
* any instrument or apparatus, mechanical contrivance, engine, machine, implement, appliance (as a bolt or lock on a door, oars or sails in a boat. etc.)
* restraint, force
* an amulet, mystical diagram supposed to possess occult powers
* (modern) a machine

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit:
** Dardic
*** Chitrali
**** Kashmiri: यन्द्र् (yandr)
*** Eastern Dardic
**** Kalasha: žontr
**** Phalura: yáandr
**** Torwali: ژان (žān)
** Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀢 (jaṃta)
*** Avahattha:
**** Bengali: যাতা (jata)
**** Bihari
***** Bhojpuri: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰 (jā̃tā)
***** Magahi: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰 (jā̃tā)
**** Early Assamese: জান্ত (janto), জান্ত্ (jant), জান্তি (janti)
***** Assamese: যাঁত (zãt), যাঁতি (zãti)
*** Gurjara Apabhramsa:
**** Romani: ǰándir, ǰándri
*** Kasmiri Apabhramsa:
**** Nepali: जाँतो (jā̃to)
*** Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
**** Hindi: जाँत (jā̃t)
*** Vracada Apabhramsa:
**** Sindhi: jaṇḍu
    Devanagari script: जंडु
    Arabic script: جَنڊُ
* Pali: yanta
** → Khmer: យន្ត (yŭən), យ័ន្ត (yŭən), យន្ត្រ (yŭən)
** → Thai: ยนต์ (yon)
Borrowings
* → Assamese: যঁতৰ (zõtor), যন্ত্ৰ (zontro)
* → Baluchi: [script needed] (ǰandar, ǰantar, ǰanthir, ǰāthar, ǰathir)
* → Bengali: যন্তর (jontor), যন্ত্র (jontro)
* → Odia: ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (jantra)
* → Punjabi: ਜੰਦਰਾ (jandrā)
* → English: yantra
* → Kannada: ಯಂತ್ರ (yantra)
* → Malay: jentera
** Indonesian: jentera
* → Malayalam: യന്ത്രം (yantraṁ)
* → Burmese: ယန္တရား (yanta.ra:)
* → Pashto: يندره (jandrá)
* → Persian: جندره (jandara) (see there for further descendants)
* → Tamil: இயந்திரம் (iyantiram)
* → Telugu: యంత్రము (yantramu)
* → Tocharian B: yāntärne

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “yantrám”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 7

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “यन्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 845/2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “यन्त्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Morgenstierne, Georg (1923) “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, pages 259–265