# certo
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese certo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin certus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθɛɾto/ [ˈθɛɾ.t̪ʊ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈθɛɾto/ [ˈθɛɾ.t̪ʊ]
* IPA: (seseo) /ˈsɛɾto/ [ˈsɛɾ.t̪ʊ]
* Rhymes: -ɛɾto
* Hyphenation: cer‧to

### Adjective

certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certos, feminine plural certas)
* right, correct
* certain
* fixed, settled, firm
* sure
    Non estou certo diso ― I'm not sure about that

#### Related terms

* acertar
* certamente
* certeza
* certidume

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “certo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “certo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “certo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “certo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “certo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Interlingua
### Adverb

certo (not comparable)
* certainly

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin certus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛr.to/
* Audio::(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrto
* Hyphenation: cèr‧to

### Adjective

certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certi, feminine plural certe, superlative certissimo)
* certain, sure
* reliable
* real, true
** Dante, Inferno 1.66:qual che tu sii, od ombra od omo certo!1867 translation by Longfellowwhiche’er thou art, or shade or real man!
* (preposition) some, certain

#### Antonyms

* incerto

#### Derived terms

* certamente
* certezza
* certuno
* di certo

#### Related terms

* cernere
* certificare

### Adverb

certo
* certainly, of course, surely, definitely
    Synonyms: certamente, di certo, sicuramente, di sicuro

#### Descendants

* → Sardinian: tzertu

### Anagrams

* corte, recto, torce

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈker.toː/, [ˈkɛrt̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃer.to/, [ˈt͡ʃɛrt̪o]

### Etymology 1

From certus (“resolved, certain”) +‎ -ō.

#### Alternative forms

* certor

#### Verb

certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation
* to match, vie with, emulate
    Synonym: aemulor
* to fight, wrestle
    Synonyms: lūctor, repugnō, pugnō, contendō, dēcernō, concurrō, bellō, dīmicō, cōnflīgō, committō, serō, dēcertō
* to contend, compete, race
* to struggle, strive
    Synonyms: lūctor, cōnītor, cōnor, ēlabōrō, temptō, affectō, adnītor, īnsequor, appetō, labōrō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, pugnō, mōlior, contendō, perīclitor, spectō, nītor
* (military) to fight it out
* (law) to dispute
    Synonyms: dēcertō, contendō
* (with infinitive) to try hard
** Vergilius, Aeneid X, 130:Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxisThese try to defend with javelins, those with stones

##### Conjugation

$^1$The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested. $^2$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

##### Derived terms

* certābundus
* certāmen
* certātim
* certātiō
* certātor
* certātus
* certim
* certor
* concertō
* dēcertō
* incertō
* supercertō

##### Descendants

* Albanian: qërtoj
* Aromanian: ntsertu, ntsirtari
* Italian: certare
* Portuguese: certar
* Romanian: certa, certare
* Sardinian: chertare, certari, certai

### Etymology 2

From certus +‎ -ō.

#### Adverb

certō (comparative certius, superlative certissimē)
* certainly, surely
* with certainty, without doubt

##### Synonyms

* certē

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

certō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of certus

### References

* Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). →ISBN. page 54.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese certo, from Latin certus (“certain”), past participle of cernō (“to sift; to discern”), from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to move; to separate”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛʁ.tu/ [ˈsɛh.tu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛʁ.tu/ [ˈsɛh.tu]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈsɛɾ.tu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈsɛʁ.tu/ [ˈsɛχ.tu]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈsɛɻ.to/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsɛɾ.tu/
* Hyphenation: cer‧to

### Adjective

certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certos, feminine plural certas, comparable, comparative mais certo, superlative o mais certo or certíssimo, diminutive certinho)
* right; correct (not containing errors)
    Synonym: correto
    Antonyms: errado, incorreto
    A resposta está certa. ― The answer is correct.
* certain; sure (without doubt)
    Antonym: incerto
** 1572, Luís Vaz de Camões, Os Lusíadas, 8th canto:
    Que leuar a ſeu Rei hum ſinal certo / Do mundo, que deixa deſcuberto.Than taking to his king a certain sign / Of the world he leaves discovered.
* precise; accurate
    Synonyms: certeiro, preciso
    Antonym: impreciso
* morally right; just
* inevitable (impossible to avoid or prevent)
    Synonym: inevitável
    Antonym: evitável
    A morte é certa. ― Death is inevitable.

### Adverb

certo (comparable, comparative mais certo, superlative o mais certo)
* correctly
    Synonym: corretamente
    Antonyms: erroneamente, incorretamente
** Fernando Pessoa (heteronym Alberto Caeiro), O espelho reflecte certo:
    O espelho reflecte certo; não erra porque não pensa.The mirror reflects correctly; it doesn't miss because it doesn't think.
* surely
    Synonyms: certamente, por certo, indubitavelmente, sem dúvida
** 1572, Luís Vaz de Camões, Os Lusíadas, 2nd canto:
    Mas tu, em quem muy certo confiamosBut you, who we very surely trust.

### Determiner

certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certos, feminine plural certas)
* certain (determined but unspecified)

#### Derived terms

* acertar
* acerto
* ao certo
* certamente
* certeiro
* certeza
* certinho (diminutive)
* certíssimo (superlative)
* por certo

#### Related terms

* cernir
* certidão
* certificar
* discernir

### Interjection

certo
* OK, all right