# ꜣpd
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʔaːpətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːpətʼ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔaːpətʼ/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈʔoːpətʼ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɑpɛd/
** Conventional anglicization: aped

### Noun

m
* a bird in general
** Tomb of Senbi, Rock Tombs at Meir:
    ꜥmꜥꜣ r ꜣpdwThrowing at the birds.
* small waterfowl, perhaps particularly a duck

#### Usage notes

As a word for birds in general, ꜣpd is found contrasted against words for fish, beetles, etc. In Late Egyptian the word is commonly used in similes for helplessness, wherein people are likened to captured or bound birds.

#### Alternative forms

| ꜣpd | ꜣpd | jpd |
| abbreviation | abbreviation in the offering formula | sporadic |

#### Derived terms

* ꜣpdwt
* ꜣpd ḏrḏr
* grg-ꜣpd

#### Descendants

* Demotic: jpt
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲧ (ōbet)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt), ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)
** → Ancient Greek: -ωβτ (-ōbt)

#### See also

* 𓅬, 𓅿

### Proper noun

m
* (astronomy) a constellation, literally ‘the Bird’, corresponding to modern Triangulum and Perseus

#### Alternative forms

ꜣpd :
[20th Dynasty] :
from Thebes, Bab el Meluk, Tomb IX, ceiling inscriptions, southern section :

### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to come hastening, to rush onward (+ r: to, towards) [18th Dynasty; with preposition, Greco-Roman Period]
* (intransitive, of the heart) to beat more quickly out of love [Late Period]

#### Alternative forms

| ꜣpd | ꜣpt |
| [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| in hieratic |

### Verb

3-lit.
* (transitive, hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Late Period]
** to copulate with
** to hasten to, to rush to
** 305 BCE, The Songs of Isis and Nephthys (pBremner-Rhind, British Museum EA10188,2), 5.22–5.27:
    … m ḥrw r pr.k wsjr […] pꜣ kꜣ-wr nbt-nḏmnḏm ꜣpd.k snj.k ꜣst ḫrs.k stwtj jrj [ḥꜥw.s] ḥpt.s tw nn ḥr.k r.sDon’t go far from your house, Osiris. […] O Great Bull, Lord of Sexual Pleasure! Hurry to$^?$/Copulate with$^?$ your sister Isis, drive out the pain-substance attached to [her body]: she will embrace you, you won’t draw away from her.

#### Usage notes

Perhaps identical with the above intransitive verb ‘to rush onward’, with an omission of the following preposition r.

### Noun

m
* Alternative form of jpdw (“furniture”)

### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 9.5–9.9, 9.11–9.14
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3
* Faulkner, Raymond (1952) “ꜣpd = ‘duck’” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 38, p. 128
* ↑ A. M. Blackman, The Rock Tombs of Meir, Vol. 1, pl. 2
* ↑ Grapow, Hermann (1924) Die bildlichen Ausdrücke des Aegyptischen: vom Denken und Dichten einer altorientalischen Sprache, page 91
* ↑ Blasco Torres, Ana Isabel (2017) Representing Foreign Sounds: Greek Transcriptions of Egyptian Anthroponyms from 800 BC to 800 AD, Leuven, Salamanca, page 665
* ↑ Lepsius, Karl Richard (1849–1859) Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Tafelwerke, Abtheilung III, Band VII, plate 227
* ↑ Faulkner, Raymond O. (1933) The Papyrus Bremner-Rhind (British Museum No. 10188), page 10
* ↑ Faulkner, Raymond O. (1936) “The Bremner-Rhind Papyrus-I” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, volume 22, pages 125, 136