# κρίνω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κρίννω (krínnō) — Aeolic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kríňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *kri-n-ye-, from *krey- (“to sift, separate”). Cognates include English rinse, Latin cernō (“I separate, discern”), and Welsh gogrynu.
The root of the verb was originally short, but the Attic–Ionic–Doric present tense κρῑ́νω (krī́nō) has a long ῑ (ī) because the vowel of the root was compensatorily lengthened after the shortening of Proto-Hellenic *ňň, and the aorist ἔκρῑνᾰ (ékrīnă) has long ῑ (ī) because of compensatory lengthening after the loss of the aorist tense-marker /s/ in the original form /ekrin-sa/. The Aeolic present κρῐ́ννω (krĭ́nnō) and aorist ἔκρῐννε (ékrĭnne) have a short ῐ (ĭ) and doubled νν (nn) because the consonant ν (n) was compensatorily lengthened instead of the vowel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krǐː.nɔː/ → /ˈkri.no/ → /ˈkri.no/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /krǐː.nɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkri.no/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkri.no/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkri.no/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkri.no/

### Verb

κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō)
* (transitive) to separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people
* (transitive) to order, arrange
* to inquire, investigate
* to select, choose, prefer
* (transitive) to decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision
** (middle voice, passive voice) to have a contest decided
** (middle voice and passive voice) to contend, dispute, quarrel
* to decide or judge [with accusative ‘that something’ and infinitive ‘does something’; or with accusative ‘that something’ and accusative ‘is something’]
* to discern between good and bad
* to judge, pronounce
* to bring to court, accuse
* to pass sentence on, condemn, criticize
* to secrete

#### Derived terms

* ἀνακρῑ́νω (anakrī́nō)
* ἀποκρῑ́νω (apokrī́nō)
* διακρῑ́νω (diakrī́nō)
* ἐγκρῑ́νω (enkrī́nō)
* ἐκκρῑ́νω (ekkrī́nō)
* ἐπικρῑ́νω (epikrī́nō)
* κατακρῑ́νω (katakrī́nō)
* κρίμα (kríma)
* κρίσις (krísis)
* κριτής (kritḗs)
* κριτός (kritós)
* παρακρῑ́νω (parakrī́nō)
* περικρῑ́νω (perikrī́nō)
* προκρῑ́νω (prokrī́nō)
* προσκρῑ́νω (proskrī́nō)
* συγκρῑ́νω (sunkrī́nō)
* ὑποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai)

#### Descendants

* Greek: κρίνω (kríno)
* Mariupol Greek: крину (krinu)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρῑ́νω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 780-1

### Further reading

* “κρίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κρίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “κρίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* κρίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “κρίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2919 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek κρίνω, from Proto-Hellenic *kríňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *kri-n-ye-, from *krey-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾi.no/
* Hyphenation: κρί‧νω
* Homophone: κρίνο (kríno)

### Verb

κρίνω • (kríno) (imperfect έκρινα, past έκρινα, passive κρίνομαι) passive past: κρίθηκα
* to judge, assess, decide

#### Related terms

* ανακρίνω (anakríno, “interrogate”)
* ανταποκρίνομαι (antapokrínomai, “respond, meet expectation”)
* απεκκρίνω (apekkríno, “excrete”)
* αποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “respond”)
* αυτοκρίνομαι (aftokrínomai, “examine one's self”)
* διακρίνω (diakríno, “discent”)
* διευκρινίζω (diefkrinízo, “clarify”)
* εγκρίνω (egkríno, “approve”)
* εκκρίνω (ekkríno, “secrete”)
* επανακρίνω (epanakríno, “judge again”)
* επικρίνω (epikríno, “criticise”)
* κατακρίνω (katakríno, “reproach”)
* κριματίζω (krimatízo, “make someone sin”)
* κριτικάρω (kritikáro, “criticise”)
* λογοκρίνω (logokríno, “censor”)
* προανακρίνω (proanakríno, “make preliminary interrogation”)
* προκρίνω (prokríno, “mark out, choose as better”)
* συγκεκριμενοποιώ (sygkekrimenopoió, “make precise”)
* συγκρίνω (sygkríno, “compare”)
* υπερεκκρίνω (yperekkríno, “hypersecrete”)
* υποκρίνομαι (ypokrínomai, “pretend”)
* αιματοκρίτης m (aimatokrítis, “haemotocrit”)
* ακρισία f (akrisía, “lack of judgement”)
* ακριτομυθία f (akritomythía, “indiscretion”)
* ακριτόμυθος (akritómythos, “indiscreet, blabber”)
* άκριτος (ákritos, “unthinking, unjudged”)
* αυτοκριτική f (aftokritikí, “self-criticism”)
* βιβλιοκρισία f (vivliokrisía, “book review”)
* βιβλιοκριτικός m (vivliokritikós, “book reviewer”)
* δικαιοκρίτης m (dikaiokrítis, “who judges fairly”) (of God)
* ειλικρίνεια f (eilikríneia, “sincerity”)
* ειλικρινής (eilikrinís, “sincere”)
* εμπειριοκριτικισμός m (empeiriokritikismós)
* ενδοέκκριση f (endoékkrisi, “endocrine”)
* ενδοκρινής (endokrinís, “endocrine”)
* ενδοκρινολογία f (endokrinología, “endocrinology”)
* ενδοκρινολόγος m (endokrinológos, “endocrinlogist”)
* εξωκρινής (exokrinís, “exocrine”)
* ευθυκρισία f (efthykrisía, “straight judgement”)
* ευκρίνεια f (efkríneia, “clear visibility, resolution”)
* ευκρινής (efkrinís, “indicated in clear, easily recognizable”)
* θεοκρισία f (theokrisía, “god's judgement”)
* κρίμα n (kríma, “pity; misdeed”)
* κρίση f (krísi, “judgjement; crisis”)
* κρίσιμος (krísimos, “crucial; critical”)
* κρισιμότητα f (krisimótita, “criticality”)
* κριτήριο n (kritírio, “criterion”)
* κριτής m (kritís, “umpire, judge”)
* κριτική f (kritikí, “criticism; critique”)
* κριτικισμός m (kritikismós, “criticism, critical theory”) (philosophy)
* κριτικογραφία f (kritikografía)
* κριτικογράφος m (kritikográfos)
* κριτικός (kritikós, “critic”)
* κρίτρα n pl (krítra, “judge's fee”)
* μουσικοκριτικός m (mousikokritikós, “music critic”)
* ονειροκρίτης m (oneirokrítis)
* προκριματικός (prokrimatikós, “preliminary”)
* τεχνοκρίτης m (technokrítis, “art critic”)
* τεχνοκριτική f (technokritikí, “art criticism”)
* τεχνοκριτικός m (technokritikós, “art critic”)