# 痕

| 痕 | U+75D5, &#30165; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75D5 |
| ← 痔 [U+75D4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 痖 → [U+75D6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

痕 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大日女 (KAV), four-corner 0013$_2$, composition ⿸疒艮)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 773, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22171
* Dae Jaweon: page 1183, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2673, character 5
* Unihan data for U+75D5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯːn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hén (hen$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hen$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): han$^4$ / han$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): han$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): hen$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hên$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): heng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hô̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hén
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hén
*** Wade–Giles: hên$^2$
*** Yale: hén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hern
*** Palladius: хэнь (xɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xən³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hen$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xen
*** Sinological IPA : /xən²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: han$^4$ / han$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: hàhn / hán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: han$^4$ / han$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hen$^4$ / hen$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐn²¹/, /hɐn²¹⁻³⁵/
* han4-2 - “mark; trace”.
* Middle Chinese: hon
Rime :
| Character | 痕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸恩切 |
| Baxter | hon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦən/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | han$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 痕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3934 |
| Phonetic component | 艮 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 痕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯːn/ |

#### Definitions

痕
* scar; cicatrix (Classifier: 條／条 m)
* trace; mark; evidence; vestige; trail (Classifier: 條／条 m c)

#### Compounds

* 一痕
* 不著痕跡 / 不着痕迹 (bùzhuóhénjì)
* 傷痕 / 伤痕 (shānghén)
* 傷痕文學 / 伤痕文学 (shānghén wénxué)
* 傷痕累累 / 伤痕累累 (shānghénlěilěi)
* 刀痕
* 刮垢磨痕
* 刮痕
* 刻痕
* 創痕 / 创痕
* 印痕 (yìnhén)
* 啼痕
* 屋漏痕
* 履痕
* 彈痕 / 弹痕
* 彈痕分析 / 弹痕分析
* 必痕
* 手痕 (shǒuhén)
* 手痕碑
* 指痕
* 摺痕 / 折痕 (zhéhén)
* 敆痕
* 斑痕 (bānhén)
* 斧鑿痕 / 斧凿痕
* 新痕
* 日痕
* 春夢無痕 / 春梦无痕
* 月痕
* 枕痕
* 檀痕
* 殷痕
* 水痕
* 汙痕 / 污痕 (wūhén)
* 江痕
* 沙痕
* 波痕
* 洗垢尋痕 / 洗垢寻痕
* 浪痕
* 淚痕 / 泪痕 (lèihén)
* 溫痕 / 温痕
* 漲痕 / 涨痕
* 漬痕 / 渍痕
* 潮痕
* 煙痕 / 烟痕
* 燒痕 / 烧痕
* 爪痕
* 玉痕
* 瑕痕
* 疤痕 (bāhén)
* 痕印
* 痕廢 / 痕废
* 痕影
* 痕撻 / 痕挞
* 痕沫
* 痕瑕
* 痕璺
* 痕痕
* 痕瘕
* 痕穢 / 痕秽
* 痕竅 / 痕窍
* 痕累
* 痕翳
* 痕路
* 痕跡 / 痕迹 (hénjì)
* 痕都斯坦
* 痕釁 / 痕衅
* 痕量 (hénliàng)
* 瘡痕 / 疮痕
* 瘢痕 (bānhén)
* 皺痕 / 皱痕 (zhòuhén)
* 眉痕
* 笑痕
* 篙痕
* 花月痕
* 苔痕
* 蝸痕 / 蜗痕
* 血痕 (xuèhén)
* 裂痕 (lièhén)
* 補痕 / 补痕
* 褶痕
* 詩痕 / 诗痕
* 蹟痕 / 迹痕
* 蹙痕
* 遺痕 / 遗痕
* 酒痕
* 釵腳漏痕 / 钗脚漏痕
* 離痕 / 离痕
* 霜痕
* 鞭痕
* 餘痕 / 余痕
* 魂痕
* 墨痕
* 黛痕
* 齒痕 / 齿痕 (chǐhén)

### Etymology 2

Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Zhuang haenz (“itchy”) (< Proto-Tai *ɣalᴬ (“to itch”)), humz (“to itch”), Hlai kom (“to itch”).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): han$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: han$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐn²¹/

#### Definitions

痕
* (Cantonese, Pinghua) itchy
       ngo$^5$ nei$^1$ dou$^6$ hou$^2$ han$^4$. [Jyutping]
       It's really itchy right here.
    𢯎痕 [Cantonese] ― ngaau$^1$ han$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to scratch an itch

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 癢癢, 細癢, 刺撓, 刺癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 癢癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 癢癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 刺撓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 癢癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 咬人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 癢, 咬人, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 癢, 咬人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 癢, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 癢, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 咬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 癢, 咬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 癢, 咬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 痕, 癢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 痕, 痕癢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 癢, 痎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 痕 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 癢 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 癢 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 痎 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 痎 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 痎 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 癢 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 癢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 癢, 癢癢, 刺癢 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 癢 |
| Jin | Datong | 癢 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 咬人, 咬 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 癢, 咬搔 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 癢 |
| Jin | Linhe | 癢, 咬 |
| Jin | Jining | 癢, 咬 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 癢, 圪搔, 刺撓 |
| Jin | Baotou | 咬 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 咬 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 咬 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 咬 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 癢癢 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 癢 |
| Jin | Handan | 癢 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 癢 |
| Jin | Suide | 咬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 癢 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 癢, 擽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 癢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 癢, gatai |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 痎 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 癢 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 痕 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 癢, 肉癢 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 癢 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 癢 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 癢 |

#### Compounds

* 口痕 (hau$^2$ han$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 口痕友 (Cantonese)
* 口痕痕 (Cantonese)
* 屎窟痕 (Cantonese)
* 手痕 (sau$^2$ han$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 𢯎痕 (ngaau$^1$ han$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 搲痕 (Cantonese)
* 痕癢 / 痕痒 (han$^4$ joeng$^5$) (Cantonese)
* 身痕 (san$^1$ han$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 頭痕 / 头痕 (tau$^4$ han$^4$) (Cantonese)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* mark, foot print

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kun: あと (ato, 痕, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 漣痕(れんこん) (renkon, “ripple mark”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 痕
* こん Grade: S
* kan'on
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

痕(こん) • (kon)
* scar
    刀(とう)痕(こん) ― tōkon ― knife scar
* mark, stain
    墨(ぼっ)痕(こん) ― bo'kon ― ink handwriting

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 痕
* あと Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 痕 – see the following entry. :
| 【跡あと】S | [noun] evidence of something passing; footsteps, trace, tracks [noun] mark or trace left on something after a certain act is done to it [noun] remains, ruins [noun] family estate or property [noun] precedent, example Alternative spellings 迹, 址, 𫐤 |
(This term, 痕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痕 (MC hon). Recorded as Middle Korean 흔 (hun) (Yale: hun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 痕 (eumhun 흔적 흔 (heunjeok heun))
* hanja form of 흔 (“scar”)
* hanja form of 흔 (“mark; trace”)

#### Compounds

* 누흔 (淚痕, nuheun)
* 늑흔 (勒痕, neukheun)
* 도흔 (刀痕, doheun)
* 무흔 (無痕, muheun)
* 묵흔 (墨痕, mukheun)
* 반흔 (瘢痕, banheun)
* 상흔 (傷痕, sangheun)
* 생흔 (生痕, saengheun)
* 소흔 (燒痕, soheun)
* 수흔 (水痕, suheun)
* 압흔 (壓痕, apheun)
* 여흔 (餘痕, yeoheun)
* 연흔 (漣痕, yeonheun)
* 엽흔 (葉痕, yeopheun)
* 우흔 (雨痕, uheun)
* 잔흔 (殘痕, janheun)
* 전흔 (戰痕, jeonheun)
* 조흔 (條痕, joheun)
* 족흔 (足痕, jokheun)
* 주흔 (酒痕, juheun)
* 탄흔 (彈痕, tanheun)
* 필흔 (筆痕, pilheun)
* 혈흔 (血痕, hyeolheun)
* 흔적 (痕跡/痕迹, heunjeok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

痕: Hán Nôm readings: ngấn, ngằn, ngẩn, ngân, ngần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
* Nôm: ngấn, ngẩn

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999