# كپنك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

The origin is uncertain. Usually considered an Armenian borrowing and compared to Armenian կղպանք (kġpankʻ), փականք (pʻakankʻ, “lock”), կապանք (kapankʻ, “fetter”), խեփեկ (xepʻek, “skylight”), with a possible influence of قاپاق (kapak, “cover, lid, shutter”). The closest connection is with dialectal Armenian գաբանք (gabankʻ, “skylight; shutter; entrance”), also spelled գաբանկ (gabank), գաբոնք (gabonkʻ), գափունք (gapʻunkʻ), Moks dialect կ$^յ$ա̈փա̊նք$^յ$ (k$^y$äpʻånkʻ$^y$, “trapdoor in the floor”). However, Ačaṙean considers these Turkish reborrowings and derives the Turkish from assumed Armenian *կափանք (*kapʻankʻ, “snare; lid”), from կափ- (kapʻ-). But for a native Türkic development note چلنك (çelenk) from چلك (çelek).

#### Alternative forms

* خپنك (hepenk)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɛˈpɛɲc]

#### Noun

كپنك • (kepenk)
* window lid; shop-front shutter
* trapdoor, a lid which covers a pitfall in the floor or a way down
* covered stairway to the basement or stable

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kepenk
* → Albanian: qepéng
* → Armenian: քեփենկ (kʻepʻenk)
* → Bulgarian: кепе́нк (kepénk), кепѐнец (kepènec), капѐнец (kapènec), капѐнек (kapènek)
* → Greek: κεπέγκι (kepégki)
* → Macedonian: ќепенец (ḱepenec), ќепенек (ḱepenek), ќепенок (ḱepenok), ќепеник (ḱepenik)
* → Romanian: chepeng
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ћѐпенак
    Latin script: ćèpenak

#### Further reading

* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кепѐнк”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 331
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “գաբանք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 495–496
* Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 165–166
* Eren, Hasan (1999) “كپنك”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, pages 231–232
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كپنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3865
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kepenk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Orbeli, I. A. (2002) “կ$^յ$ա̈փա̊նք$^յ$”, in Словарь наречия Мокса [Dictionary of Moks Dialect] (Избранные труды в двух томах; II.1)‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, →ISBN, page 262
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2001), “գաբանք”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 226b
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كپنك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 736a

### Etymology 2

Unknown, also Chagatai كیپنك (kepänäk), Turkmen кебенек, Karachay-Balkar гебенек (gebenek), Kazakh кебенек (kebenek), Kyrgyz кебанак (kebanak), кебенек (kebenek), кибенек (kibenek), Uzbek кебәнәк, кәбәнәк, кәпәнәк, Tatar кәбәнәк (käbänäk), Tuvan хевенек (xevenek), dialectal Bashkir кәбәнәк (kəbənək), ҡәбәнәҡ (qəbənəq), Mongolian хэвнэг (xevneg), Kalmyk кевнг (kevng), Armenian գաբանակ (gabanak), Georgian გვაბანაკი (gvabanaḳi). Possibly from an extinct Central Asiatic substrate; unlikely distorted from Arabic كَفَن (kafan) since this distinctly means the shroud of a dead and the /f/ is missed. Possibly related to Chuvash чикмэн (čikmen), Bashkir сикмән (sikmən), сәкмән (səkmən), Tatar чикмэн (çikmen), Kipchak چكمن (čäkmän), Chagatai چكمن (čäkmän) etc., Russian чекме́нь (čekménʹ), Polish czekman, denoting a kind of kaftan or rough cloth, also in Tatar чебкән (çebkän), чипкән (çipkän), цикмән (tsikmän), цәкмән (tsäkmän), and Southern Altai чӓпкӓн, чепкен (čepken), Kyrgyz чепкен (cepken), Karachay-Balkar чепкен (çepken), Komi-Zyrian чепкен (ćepken), Azerbaijani çəpkən, and in Chuvash сăхман (săhman), from which form Russian сухма́н (suxmán), Polish sukmana, Bulgarian сукма́н (sukmán), Romanian suman, sucman, Hungarian szokmány.

#### Alternative forms

* كوپنك (köpenek, küpenek)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɛ.pɛ.ˈnɛk], [cɛ.pɛ.ˈnɛɡ]

#### Noun

كپنك • (kepenek)
* raincoat, cloak

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kepenek
* → Bulgarian: кепе́нек (kepének)
* → Hungarian: köpenyeg, köpönyeg
** → Serbo-Croatian: kepenjek (Kajkavian)
** → Slovene: kepenjek
** → Ukrainian: кебеня́к (kebenják), кобеня́к (kobenják), кепеня́к (kepenják), копеня́к (kopenják), ке́пень (képenʹ), ки́пень (kýpenʹ)
*** → Czech-Slovak:
    Czech: kepeň (archaic)
    Slovak: kepeň, kepeňak (archaic)
*** → Belarusian: кабеня́к (kabjenják), капеня́к (kapenják) (16th–17th century, spelling according to modern rules)
*** → Russian: кобеня́к (kobenják), копеня́к (kopenják) (normally in reference to Ukraine, Belarus, Tatars, Cossacks etc.)
*** → Polish: kopieniak, kiepieniak (16th–19th century)
**** → German: Keperneck, Köperneck (Silesia, Wallachia), Geberneck, Gebenek, Gewenek (Bavarian)
* → Romanian: chepeneág, căpeneág
* → Persian: کپنک (kapanak)
* → Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, Serbia regional)
    Cyrillic script: кѐпенак, ка̀пенак, кѐпењак
    Latin script: kèpenak, kàpenak, kèpenjak

#### Further reading

* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кепѐнек”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 331
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 581–583
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كپنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3865
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كپنك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 736a
* Аранђеловић-Лазић, Јелена (1978) “Народна ношња у околини Зајечара”, in Гласник Етнографског музеја у Београду (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 42, page 258 of 237–260

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Turkic *kepelek (“butterfly”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɛpɛˈnɛc]

#### Noun

كپنك • (kepenek)
* earlier form of كلبك (kelebek, “butterfly”)

#### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كپنك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1523