# languor
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlæŋɡə/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈlæŋ(ɡ)ɚ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -æŋɡə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: lan‧guor

### Etymology 1

The noun is derived from Middle English langore, langour (“disease, illness; misery, sadness; suffering; condition or event causing sadness, suffering, etc.; unwholesomeness; idleness, inertia; depression, self-disgust; expression of grief”) [and other forms], from Middle French languer, langueur, langour, and Anglo-Norman langor, langour, langur, Old French langueur, languour (“disease, illness; suffering; emotional fatigue, sadness; listlessness; stagnation”) (modern French langueur (“languor”)), and from their etymon Latin languor (“faintness, feebleness; languor; apathy”), from languēre, the present active infinitive of langueō (“to feel faint or weak; (figurative) to be idle, inactive; to be listless”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-, *(s)leh₁g-. The English word is cognate with Catalan llangor, Italian languore (“faintness, weakness; languor”), langore (obsolete), Old Occitan langor (modern Occitan langor), Portuguese langor, languor (obsolete), Spanish langor.

#### Noun

languor (countable and uncountable, plural languors)
* (uncountable) A state of the body or mind caused by exhaustion or disease and characterized by a languid or weary feeling; lassitude; (countable) an instance of this.
    Synonym: torpor
    languor of convalescence
** 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, pages 101–102:Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly, that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness.
** 2024 June 28, Mark Walsh, “Consider the wild gray squirrel, Kagan rebukes her colleagues as court overrules Chevron”, in SCOTUSblog:As the opinion announcements have stretched past the half-hour mark, some in the public gallery exhibit a bit of languor, but they perk up when [U.S. Supreme Court Justice Elena] Kagan begins discussing western gray squirrels.
* (uncountable) Melancholy caused by lovesickness, sadness, etc.; (countable) an instance of this.
* (uncountable) Dullness, sluggishness; lack of vigour; stagnation.
** 1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 120:I rushed towards her, and embraced her with ardour; but the deathly languor and coldness of the limbs told me, that what I now held in my arms had ceased to be the Elizabeth whom I had loved and cherished.
** 1923, Elinor Wylie, “The Serpent in Persepolis”, in Jennifer Lorn: A Sedate Extravaganza. […], New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC, book 3 (The Prince), page 266:From languor she passed to the lightest vivacity; her temper became merry and wild in the extreme; she was all at once a tease, a tomboy, and a witch.
* (uncountable) Listless indolence or inactivity, especially if enjoyable or relaxing; dreaminess; (countable) an instance of this.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 1–2:It is earth's brief breathing space, after the heat and hurry of her busier time; like that repose known only to the young and happy, when the nerves gradually compose themselves, the thoughts gather into some vague but delicious train, and the eyes are closed by languor before sleep.
** 1945, Evelyn Waugh, chapter 4, in Brideshead Revisited […], 3rd edition, London: Chapman & Hall, →OCLC, book 1 (Et in Arcadia Ego), pages 70–71:The languor of Youth—how unique and quintessential it is! How quickly, how irrecoverably lost! The zest, the generous affections, the illusions, the despair, all the traditional attributes of Youth—all save this—come and go with us through life; [...] but languor—the relaxation of yet unwearied sinews, the mind sequestered and self-regarding, the sun standing still in the heavens and the earth throbbing to our own pulse—that belongs to Youth alone and dies with it.
** 1984, Marco Vassi, Lying Down: A Horizontal Worldview, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Capra Press, →ISBN, page 65:Repose! The very word has a nostalgic ring to it, conjuring up a vanished world of pale solitude, gentle distances, summer vistas, languour, and lovely women …
* (uncountable) Heavy humidity and stillness of the air.
** 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 113–114:There is a languor in the air which encourages your own, and the poetry of memory is in every drooping flower and falling leaf.
** 1957, James Purdy, The New Yorker, volume 33, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page clxvi:[A] certain languor in the air hinted at an early summer.
** 2018, Georges Simenon, translated by William Hobson, Maigret and the Reluctant Witnesses‎, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN:The evening was mild, with a certain languor in the air.
* (uncountable, obsolete) Sorrow; suffering; also, enfeebling disease or illness; (countable, obsolete) an instance of this.

##### Alternative forms

* languour

##### Related terms

* languid
* languidly
* languidness
* languish
* languished (adjective)
* languisher
* languishing (noun)
* languishingly
* languishment
* languorous
* languorously

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

The verb is derived from Middle English langouren (“to be ill; to languish, suffer; to cause to suffer”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman langurer and Middle French langorer, langorir, langourer (“to languish; to be languorous”), from Old French languerer, from langueur (“disease, illness; suffering; emotional fatigue, sadness; listlessness; stagnation”); see further at etymology 1 above. Later uses of the verb have been influenced by the noun.

#### Verb

languor (third-person singular simple present languors, present participle languoring, simple past and past participle languored)
* (intransitive) To languish.

##### Derived terms

* languoring (adjective)
* languoring (noun) (obsolete)
* languorment (obsolete)

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “langǒur, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* 1 2 “languor, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2008; “languor, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “langǒuren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “languor, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2008.

### Further reading

* “languor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “languor”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “languor”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## Latin
### Etymology

From langueō (“to be faint, weary, languid”) +‎ -or.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlan.ɡʷor/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡʷɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlan.ɡwor/, [ˈläŋɡwor]

### Noun

languor m (genitive languōris); third declension
* faintness, feebleness, languor, apathy

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Albanian: lëngjyrë
* Aromanian: lãngoari
* English: languor
* French: langueur
* Italian: languore
* Portuguese: langor
* Romanian: lingoare
* Spanish: languor

### References

* “languor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “languor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* languor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy: desidiae et languori se dedere to weary, bore the reader: languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin languor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lanˈɡwoɾ/ [lãŋˈɡwoɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: lan‧guor

### Noun

languor m (plural languores)
* (rare) languor
    Synonym: languidez

#### Related terms

* lánguido

### Further reading

* “languor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10