# apertus
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpertus/

### Verb

apertus
* conditional of aperti

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpertus/

### Verb

apertus
* conditional of apertar

## Latin
### Etymology

Perfect passive participle of aperiō (“to uncover, make or lay bare; to unclose, open”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aˈper.tus/, [äˈpɛrt̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈper.tus/, [äˈpɛrt̪us]

### Participle

apertus (feminine aperta, neuter apertum, comparative apertior, superlative apertissimus, adverb apertē); first/second-declension participle
* without covering, opened, uncovered
    Antonym: tectus
** uncovered, exposed, militarily undefended
*** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.25:Quod [...] nec facile adire apertos ad auxiliandum animadvertebantBecause [...] they perceived that [our soldiers] being militarily undefended could not easily go to give assistance
** (poetic, of the sky) cloudless, clear
* unclosed, open, not shut; free, public
    Antonym: clausus
* (figurative)
** open, plain, clear, manifest, evident, unobstructed; (rhetoric, of a discourse) clear, intelligible
*** c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4.467:Nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis.nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful
** without dissimulation, open, frank, candid (of character)
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Antonyms

* opertus

#### Derived terms

* apertum (noun)
* apertē (adverb)

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: abbertu, abbeltu
* Italo-Dalmatian
** Corsican: apertu, apartu
*** Gallurese: abbaltu
** Dalmatian: apiart
** Italian: aperto
*** →? Venetan: averto
**** → Greek: αβέρτος (avértos)
** Neapolitan: apierto
** Sicilian: aprutu, iaprutu
** Venetan: verto, averto
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: aviert, viert
** Ladin: avert
** Romansch: avert, aviert (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter)
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: avêrt
** Lombard: avèrt
** Piedmontese: düvert
** Romagnol: avért
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: uvèrt
** Old Catalan: obert, ubert
*** Catalan: obert
** Old French: overt
*** Middle French: ouvert
**** French: ouvert (see there for further descendants)
*** Norman: ouvaert, ouvert, ouvèrt
*** → Middle English: overt, uverte
**** English: overt
**** Scots: overt, ovart
** Old Occitan:
*** Occitan: dobert, obert
* Ibero-Romance:
** Navarro-Aragonese:
*** Aragonese: ubierto
** Old Leonese: abierto
*** Asturian: abiertu, aprietu
*** Leonese: abiertu
*** Mirandese: abierto
** Old Galician-Portuguese: aberto
*** Galician: aberto
*** Portuguese: aberto
** Old Spanish: abierto
*** Spanish: abierto
**** Chavacano: abyerto
**** → Cebuano: abyerto
**** → Hiligaynon: abiérto, abyérto
* Borrowings:
** → Old French: apert
*** French: apert
*** → Dutch: apert
*** → Middle English: apert, appert, apart
**** English: apert
**** Scots: apert
** → Old Occitan: apert

### References

* “aperio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “apertus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* apertus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to speak openly, straightforwardly: plane, aperte dicere I am always welcome at his house: domus patet, aperta est mihi (ambiguous) bare-headed: capite aperto (opp. operto) (ambiguous) it is clear, evident: hoc in aperto est
* apertus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

### Anagrams

* apterus (“wingless”)