# 瓷

| 瓷 | U+74F7, &#29943; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74F7 |
| ← 瓶 [U+74F6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瓸 → [U+74F8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瓷 (Kangxi radical 98, 瓦+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人一女弓 (IOMVN) or 一人一女弓 (MOMVN), four-corner 3771$_7$, composition ⿱次瓦)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 749, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21491
* Dae Jaweon: page 1157, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1424, character 22
* Unihan data for U+74F7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瓷 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 咨 | *ʔsli |
| 資 | *ʔsli |
| 姿 | *ʔsli |
| 粢 | *ʔsli |
| 諮 | *ʔsli |
| 恣 | *ʔslis |
| 澬 | *ʔsli, *zli |
| 趑 | *sʰli |
| 蠀 | *sʰli |
| 次 | *sn̥ʰis |
| 佽 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 絘 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 薋 | *zli |
| 瓷 | *zli |
| 茨 | *zli |
| 餈 | *zli |
| 垐 | *zli, *zlɯɡ |
| 楶 | *ʔsliːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cí (ci$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): cí
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): cai$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ci$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): cii
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ci$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cú
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo$^2$ / hui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chû / chîr / hûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$ / cu$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): cu$^5$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$zy / $^2$zy / $^2$dzy
** (Jinhua): $^2$dzy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zr$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cí
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ci$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: cí
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬu²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ci$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵ¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hui¹³/
* zo2 - literary;
* hui2 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dzij
Rime :
| Character | 瓷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾資切 |
| Baxter | dzij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zi/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zi/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zli/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瓷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1799 |
| Phonetic component | 次 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茨 |
| Old Chinese | /*zli/ |
| Notes | 見漢賦 |

### Definitions

瓷
* porcelain; china; chinaware
* (of a thing) firm; solid; sturdy

#### Synonyms

* (porcelain): 瓷器 (cíqì), (Min Nan) 瓷仔
* (firm):
* 堅固 / 坚固 (jiāngù)
* 堅實 / 坚实 (jiānshí)
* 堅硬 / 坚硬 (jiānyìng)
* 扎實
* 深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
* 牢 (láo)
* 牢固 (láogù)
* 牢牢 (láoláo)
* 牢靠 (láokào)
* 穩固 / 稳固 (wěngù)
* 結實 / 结实
* 緊實 / 紧实 (jǐnshí)
* 鞏 / 巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 鞏固 / 巩固 (gǒnggù)

### Compounds

* 古瓷
* 單色瓷 / 单色瓷
* 土瓷
* 宋瓷
* 定瓷
* 宜興瓷 / 宜兴瓷
* 嵌瓷畫 / 嵌瓷画
* 搪瓷 (tángcí)
* 柴瓷
* 汝瓷 (Rǔcí)
* 洋瓷
* 燒瓷 / 烧瓷
* 瓷仙
* 瓷刻
* 瓷器 (cíqì)
* 瓷土 (cítǔ)
* 瓷婚
* 瓷宮 / 瓷宫
* 瓷實 / 瓷实 (císhí)
* 瓷枕
* 瓷注
* 瓷漆
* 瓷版
* 瓷瓦兒 / 瓷瓦儿
* 瓷瓶 (cípíng)
* 瓷瓷實實 / 瓷瓷实实
* 瓷甖 / 瓷罂
* 瓷石
* 瓷碗 (cíwǎn)
* 瓷磚 / 瓷砖 (cízhuān)
* 瓷窯 / 瓷窑
* 瓷胎
* 瓷釉
* 瓷鐺 / 瓷铛
* 瓷飯碗 / 瓷饭碗
* 白瓷
* 真瓷
* 碎瓷
* 精密陶瓷
* 素瓷
* 綠瓷 / 绿瓷
* 縹瓷 / 缥瓷
* 繃瓷 / 绷瓷 (bèngcí)
* 蝦青瓷 / 虾青瓷
* 越瓷
* 金屬陶瓷 / 金属陶瓷
* 鈞瓷 / 钧瓷
* 陶瓷 (táocí)
* 陶瓷器 (táocíqì)
* 陶瓷工 (táocígōng)
* 陶瓷材料
* 青瓷 (qīngcí)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “磁”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* “Entry #6384”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “硋”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 292.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): し (shi)、じ (ji)
* Kun: かめ (kame)

## Korean
### Hanja

瓷 • (ja) (hangeul 자)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瓷: Hán Nôm readings: từ, sứ, tư
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: từ

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999