# 苧

| 苧 | U+82E7, &#33511; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82E7 |
| ← 苦 [U+82E6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苨 → [U+82E8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

苧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一弓 (TJMN) or 難廿十一弓 (XTJMN), four-corner 4420$_1$, composition ⿱艹宁)

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30798
* Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 4
* Unihan data for U+82E7

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Glyph origin

Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁).

#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 薴 (“disorderly; messy; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 薴).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2
#### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 貯 | *taʔ |
| 詝 | *taʔ |
| 柠 | *tʰaʔ |
| 宁 | *da, *daʔ |
| 佇 | *daʔ |
| 竚 | *daʔ |
| 苧 | *daʔ |
| 紵 | *daʔ |
| 羜 | *daʔ |
| 眝 | *daʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù (zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyu$^5$
*** Yale: chyúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: drjoX
Rime :
| Character | 苧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直吕切 |
| Baxter | drjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17635 |
| Phonetic component | 宁 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*daʔ/ |
| Notes | 同芧又爲紵後起字 |

#### Definitions

苧
* ramie (Boehmeria nivea)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 苧麻 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 苧麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 苧麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 苧麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 青麻, 元麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 苧麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 剝皮麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白麻 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 苧麻 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 苧麻 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 苧麻 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 苧麻, 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 苧, 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苧 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 苧麻 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 苧麻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 苧 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 麻苧 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Danyang | 大麻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 苧 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 青麻 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 苧麻 |

#### Compounds

* 白苧
* 績麻拈苧 / 绩麻拈苎
* 苧麻 (zhùmá)
* 麻苧

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 芧. (This character is a variant form of 芧).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょ (jo)
* Kan-on: ちょ (cho)
* Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
* Kun: お (o, 苧)、むし (mushi)、からむし (karamushi, 苧)、からんし (karanshi, 苧)、こるむし (korumushi, 苧)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* お Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 麻
/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞]

#### Noun

苧(お) • (o)
* hemp or ramie
** c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:苧根 山苧$_{相似、不入用}$和名乎乃祢(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie
* a textile made from this thread

##### Synonyms

* (hemp): 麻(あさ) (asa)
* (ramie): 苧(からむし) (karamushi)
* (thread, in general): 糸(いと) (ito)

##### Derived terms

* 苧(お)の実(み)油(あぶら) (onomiabura): oil from the hemp or ramie seed
* 苧(お)引(ひ)き, 苧(お)引(ひき) (ohiki): the process of pulling the hemp or ramie fibers from the husk
* 苧(お)屋(や) (oya): a shop or store selling ramie
* 桶(おけ) (oke): a tub or basin
* 苧(お)桶(おけ) (ōke): a tub or basin in which the collected hemp or ramie fibers are placed

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* むし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 枲 (rare) 帔 (rare)
* This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriate citations. You can also discuss it at the Tea Room. Particularly: “Where's the sources?”
From Old Japanese. Possibly the original name for the plant, or for the fiber from this plant.
Compare Korean 모시 (mosi, “ramie cloth; ramie plant”), Ainu モセ (mose), ムセ (muse, “nettle plant; bast fiber in general”). Alexander Vovin believes that the Old Japanese word was borrowed from Korean. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

苧(むし) • (mushi)
* (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea
* short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* からむし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 苧麻 紵 (rare) 枲 (rare) 葈 (rare)
* This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriate citations. You can also discuss it at the Tea Room. Particularly: “Where's the sources?”
Appears to be a compound of 殻 (kara, “husk”) +‎ 苧 (mushi, “ramie fiber”).
Some sources suggest that the mushi component derives from 蒸し (mushi, “steaming”), from verb 蒸す (musu, “to steam something; to be steamy or muggy”). However, ramie is not processed using steam, so these are more likely to be folk etymologies.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) からむし [kàráꜜmùshì] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) からむし [kàrámúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠mɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

苧(からむし) • (karamushi)
* the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea)
* a thread made from the fibers of this plant
* a textile made from this thread
** circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:蒭麻衣 加良牟斯衣(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* 苧(からむし)頭(ず)巾(きん) (karamushi zukin): a 頭巾 (zukin, “headcloth, bandana”) made from ramie

#### References

* Boehmeria at The Plant List

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* からんし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/karamuɕi/ → /karanɕi/
Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

#### Noun

苧(からんし) • (karanshi)
* (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
* (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
* (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* こるむし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/karamuɕi/ → /korumuɕi/
Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ɾɯ̟mɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

苧(こるむし) • (korumushi)
* (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
* (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
* (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread
** circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:纎麻衣 古流牟斯衣(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* ま Hyōgai
* kan'yōon
* Alternative spelling
* 麻
From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang), but read with the on'yomi from 麻 (ma, “hemp”). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù), 麻 (má).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠]

#### Affix

苧(ま) • (ma)
* the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

##### Derived terms

* 苧(ま)物(もの) (mamono): a rope or line made of hemp or ramie fiber
* 苧(ま)麻(お) (mao): ramie; a kind of thread made from ramie; (slang) adultery

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 苧
* ちょ Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]

#### Affix

苧(ちょ) • (cho)
* the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

##### Derived terms

* 苧(ちょ)麻(ま) (choma): hemp or ramie

### References

* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3484:, text here
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

苧: Hán Nôm readings: trữ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.