OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# buckthorn
## English
### Etymology

Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”), cervi (“deer's”) being the genitive singular of cervus (“deer”), from Proto-Italic *kerwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós, from *ḱerh₂- (“horn”) + *-wós, spīna (“thorny shrub”) from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”). By surface analysis, buck +‎ thorn.

### Noun

buckthorn (plural buckthorns)
* Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially
** the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae),
*** especially genus Rhamnus,
**** especially common buckthorn or purging buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).
*** also alder buckthorn (Frangula), especially Frangula alnus).
** sea buckthorn (Hippophae, in family Elaeagnaceae).

#### Derived terms

* alder buckthorn - Frangula alnus ( <= Rhamnus frangula), Frangula caroliniana ( <= Rhamnus caroliniana)
* alderleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus alnifolia
* buckthorn bully - Sideroxylon lycioides
* California buckthorn - Frangula californica
* Carolina buckthorn - Frangula caroliniana
* Cascara buckthorn - Frangula purshiana
* Chinese buckthorn - Rhamnus utilis
* Dahurian buckthorn - Rhamnus davurica
* dyer's buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatalis ( <= Rhamnus infectoria)
* glossy buckthorn - Frangula alnus
* hollyleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa
* Italian buckthorn - Rhamnus alaternus
* Jamaica buckthorn - Rosa laevigata
* Japanese buckthorn - Rhamnus japonica
* lanceleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus lanceolata
* mock buckthorn - Sageretia
* Modoc buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis
* Nevada buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis
* obovate buckthorn - Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata
* obtuse buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima
* red buckthorn - Frangula rubra
* redberry buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea
* rock buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatilis
* sawleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus serrata
* sea buckthorn - Hippophae spp., esp. Hippophae rhamnoides
* sharp-tooth buckthorn - Rhamnus arguta
* Siberian buckthorn - Rhamnus erythroxylon
* Smith's buckthorn - Rhamnus smithii
* Southern buckthorn - Sideroxylon lycioides ( <= Bumelia lycioides)
* Texas buckthorn - Ziziphus obtusifolia
* West Indian buckthorn - Frangula sphaerosperma
* Yosemite buckthorn Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
# reacendêreis
## Portuguese
### Verb

reacendêreis
* second-person plural pluperfect indicative of reacender
# העדיף
## Hebrew

* Root
* ע־ד־ף (ʿ-d-p)
* 6 terms

### Verb

הֶעֱדִיף • (he'edíf) (hif'il construction, infinitive לְהַעֲדִיף, present מַעֲדִיף, future יַעֲדִיף, passive participle מועדף / מָעֳדָף, passive counterpart הועדף / הָעֳדַף)
* (transitive) to prefer
# menohok
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From meng- +‎ tohok.

### Verb

menohok
* (transitive) to stab (to pierce or to wound somebody with a pointed tool or weapon)
* (transitive) to betray (to prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts)

#### Related terms

* menohokkan
* penohok
* penohokan
* tohok

### Further reading

* “menohok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Nam Nelocompe
## Sie
### Noun

Nam Nelocompe
* Erromangan language.
    Synonyms: Sye, Nam Unelocompe, Nam Eromaga

### References

* Crowley, Terry. “An Erromangan (Sye) dictionary.” (2000).
# rage-baits
## English
### Verb

rage-baits
* third-person singular simple present indicative of rage-bait
# omnivorous
## English
### Etymology

From omni- +‎ -vorous; from the Latin omni, all and -vore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑmˈnɪ.vɝ.əs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: om‧niv‧o‧rous
* Rhymes: -ɪvəɹəs

### Adjective

omnivorous (not comparable)
* Having a diet which is neither exclusively carnivorous nor exclusively herbivorous.
* (figuratively) Having an interest in a variety of subjects.
** 1968, Robert Ligon Harrison, Samuel Beckett's Murphy; a critical excursion, page 57:The Beckettian progression appears occasionally: while Miss Counihan (static) is an omnivorous reader and Murphy (transitional) a strict non-reader, Cooper is an analphabete.
** 2003, Simon Winchester, The Meaning of Everything; The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary, New York: Oxford University Press, page 72:He was omnivorous in his appetite for knowledge, quite catholic in his range of interests […]
* (figuratively) All-consuming.

#### Derived terms

* omnivorousness

#### Related terms

* omnivore, carnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous
# leći
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *leťi, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *legtei, from Proto-Indo-European *légʰeti, from *legʰ- (“to lie”).

#### Verb

lȅći pf (Cyrillic spelling ле̏ћи)
* (intransitive) to lie down
* (intransitive) to fit (+u (“in”) or na (“on”)) (match by size and shape)

##### Synonyms

* (alternative infinitive): lȅgnuti

##### Derived terms

* nàleći
* pòleći
* prìleći
* slȅći
* ùleći se
* zàleći

##### Related terms

* lèžati impf
* lijégati impf

#### Verb

lȇći impf (Cyrillic spelling ле̑ћи)
* (intransitive) to hatch, brood (keep an egg warm to make it hatch)

##### Derived terms

* ìzlēći

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

leći (Cyrillic spelling лећи)
* dative/locative singular of leća
# καλλίστης
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal.lís.tɛːs/ → /kalˈlis.tis/ → /kaˈlis.tis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kal.lís.tɛːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kalˈlis.te̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /kalˈlis.tis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /kalˈlis.tis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /kaˈlis.tis/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowels α and ί by adding a macron after each one if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

καλλίστης • (kallístēs)
* feminine genitive singular of κάλλιστος (kállistos)
# reacenderia
## Portuguese
### Verb

reacenderia
* first/third-person singular conditional of reacender
# עדיף
## Hebrew

* Root
* ע־ד־ף (ʿ-d-p)
* 6 terms

### Adjective

עָדִיף • (adíf) (feminine עֲדִיפָה, masculine plural עֲדִיפִים, feminine plural עֲדִיפוֹת)
* better, preferable

#### Derived terms

* עֲדִיפוּת (adifút, “preference”)
# zingy
## English
### Etymology

From zing +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪŋi

### Adjective

zingy (comparative zingier, superlative zingiest)
* (informal) Full of zest.
** 1989 May 6, Mara Math, “Boston's Women in Theatre Extravaganza”, in Gay Community News, page 11:There's not overmuch depth here, but Chambers does have a zingy wit and the one-liners fly fast and furious.
** 1991, Howard Karren, The Premiere guide to movies on video:In the early drafts of the zingy script (by Charles Lederer), the visitor was to have been considerably more outre, but apparently the special effects folks weren't up to the job […]

#### Derived terms

* zingily
* zinginess
# 交公粮
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 交公粮 – see 交公糧 (“to have sex with one's wife”). (This term is the simplified form of 交公糧).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# flipping on its head
## English
### Verb

flipping on its head
* present participle and gerund of flip on its head
# Rai
## English
### Etymology

Indian/Hindi surname, from a personal name based on the noun राजा (rājā, “king”).

### Proper noun

Rai
* A surname from India found among people from northern India and coastal Karnataka.

### Noun

Rai pl (plural only)
* An ancient indigenous ethnolinguistic group of Nepal.

### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Rai is the 6,481st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 5,295 individuals. Rai is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (89.99%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* Ira, IAR, IRA, air, 'air, AIR, RIA, Ari, ria, ARI

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* RAI (prior to 2000)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraj/
* Rhymes: -aj
* Hyphenation: Rài

### Proper noun

Rai f
* the Italian state radio and television broadcaster

### Anagrams

* -ari, -irà, Ari, ari, ira, ria, rià

## Japanese
### Romanization

Rai
* Rōmaji transcription of らい
# tući
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *telťi (“to pound”). Cognate with dialectal Bulgarian тълча, Russian толочь (toločʹ, “grind”), Slovene tolči (“rap”), Slovak tĺcť (“beat, throb”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tûːt͡ɕi/
* Hyphenation: tu‧ći

### Verb

tȗći impf (Cyrillic spelling ту̑ћи)
* (transitive) to beat, thrash
* (reflexive) to fight

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:tući.

#### Derived terms

* dòtūći
* ìstūći
* nàtūći
* òtūći
* pòtūći
* prètūći
* stȗći
* ùtūći
* zàtūći

#### Related terms

* tȕcati impf
# καλλίστας
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal.lís.taːs/ → /kalˈlis.tas/ → /kaˈlis.tas/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kal.lís.taːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kalˈlis.tas/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /kalˈlis.tas/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /kalˈlis.tas/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /kaˈlis.tas/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowels α and ί by adding a macron after each one if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

καλλίστᾱς • (kallístās)
* feminine accusative plural of κάλλιστος (kállistos)
# reacenderíeis
## Portuguese
### Verb

reacenderíeis
* second-person plural conditional of reacender
# מכלול
## Hebrew

* Root
* כ־ל־ל (k-l-l)
* 14 terms

### Alternative forms

* מיכלול

### Noun

מִכְלוֹל • (mikhlól) m (plural indefinite מִכְלוֹלִים, plural construct מִכְלוֹלֵי־)
* a whole, entirety
* a complex
* an ensemble
* (weaponry) bolt carrier
# খুন্দ
## Assamese
### Etymology

* Assamese verb set
* খুন্দ (khundo)
* খুন্দা (khunda)
* খুন্দোৱা (khundüa)
* খুন্দোওৱা (khundüüa)
Cognate with Odia ଖୁନ୍ଦ୍ (khund, “ram in”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰun/, /xun/
* (before a vowel):
* IPA: /kʰund/, /xund/

### Verb

খুন্দ • (khundo) (transitive)
* pound, pulverized
    আইতাই তামোল খুন্দি আছে।aitai tamül khundi ase.Grandmother is pounding betel nuts.
* hit with the blunt head of a heavy tool to tighten.
* crush the testicles of a bull

#### Related terms

* খুন্দনা (khundona)
* খুন্দনি (khundoni)
* খুন্দিওৱা (khundiüa)
# Spezia
## English
### Proper noun

Spezia
* The Gulf of La Spezia in Italy.
# extrahepatic
## English
### Etymology

From extra- +‎ hepatic.

### Adjective

extrahepatic (not comparable)
* Originating or occurring outside the liver.
    Antonym: intrahepatic
    Hyponyms: perihepatic, suprahepatic, infrahepatic, posthepatic, prehepatic
    Research is needed to define extrahepatic processes for uptake and distribution.

#### Derived terms

* extrahepatically

#### Translations
### References

* The Free Dictionary
* NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
# penis-cover
## English
### Noun

penis-cover
* (anthropology, Egyptology, very rare) A covering or concealment of the penis found on certain statues in Ancient Egypt.
# dignuti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dvignǫti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dîɡnuti/
* Hyphenation: di‧gnu‧ti

### Verb

dȉgnuti pf (Cyrillic spelling ди̏гнути)
* alternative infinitive of dȉći

#### Derived terms

* ìzdignuti
* nàdignuti
* òdignuti
* pòdignuti
* prèdignuti
* prìdignuti
* ùzdignuti
* zàdignuti

#### Related terms

* dȉzati impf
# 愛想
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 愛 | 想 |
| あい Grade: 4 | そ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | kan'yōon |

#### Alternative forms

* (honorific) お愛(あい)想(そ) (o-aiso)
* 愛(あい)想(そう) (aisō)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいそ [àísóꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠iso̞]

#### Noun

愛(あい)想(そ) • (aiso)
* courtesy, civility
    愛(あい)想(そ)よく振(ふ)る舞(ま)う
       aiso yoku furumau
       to behave courteously

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 愛 | 想 |
| あい Grade: 4 | そう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいそー [àísóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠iso̞ː]

#### Noun

愛(あい)想(そう) • (aisō)
* Alternative form of 愛想 (aiso)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# reacenderiam
## Portuguese
### Verb

reacenderiam
* third-person plural conditional of reacender
# מאמר
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־מ־ר (ʾ-m-r)
* 8 terms

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

מַאֲמָר • (ma'amár) m (plural indefinite מַאֲמָרִים, singular construct מַאֲמַר־) [pattern: מִקְטָל]
* article (relatively short written theoretical work)
* saying, expression
* (scholarly) in the words of

### References

* “מאמר” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* מאמר on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew מַאֲמָר (ma'amár).

### Noun

מאמר • (maymer) m, plural מאמרים (maymorem)
* saying, expression
* (Chabad) discourse, a treatise of mystical philosophy

#### Related terms

* מימרא (meymre)
# দাঁৰ
## Assamese
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit দাংষ্ট্ৰ (dāṃṣṭra, “fang, tusk, beard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dãɹ/

### Noun

দাঁৰ • (dãr)
* row of teeth (of fish, reptiles, saw, suckle etc)

#### Related terms

* দাড়ি (dari)
# Spezian
## English
### Adjective

Spezian (comparative more Spezian, superlative most Spezian)
* Of or relating to La Spezia in Italy.
# connectivity
## English
### Etymology

From connective +‎ -ity.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

connectivity (countable and uncountable, plural connectivities)
* (uncountable) The state of being connected
** 2020 April 8, Maria Machancoses, “A boost from the Budget...”, in Rail, page 72:Since submitting our Strategic Outline Business Case to the DfT last summer, MPs, government ministers and even the new Prime Minister have started talking about our £2 billion proposals as the answer to poor rail connectivity between the East Midlands and the West Midlands.
* (telecommunications) The ability to make a connection between two or more points in a network
* (countable, mathematics) In a graph, a measure of concatenated adjacency (the number of ways that points are connected to each other)

#### Derived terms

* biconnectivity
* bioconnectivity
* dysconnectivity
* eigenconnectivity
* hyperconnectivity
* hypoconnectivity
* infraconnectivity
* interconnectivity
* landscape connectivity
* macroconnectivity
* microconnectivity
* neuroconnectivity
* overconnectivity
* reconnectivity
* simple connectivity
* underconnectivity

#### Related terms

* connect
# عاطف
## Arabic
### Etymology

* Root
* ع ط ف (ʕ ṭ f)
* 11 terms
Derived from the active participle of عَطَفَ (ʕaṭafa, “to incline, to sympathize”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaː.tˤif/

### Adjective

عَاطِف • (ʕāṭif) (elative أَعْطَف (ʔaʕṭaf))
* compassionate

#### Declension
### Noun

عَاطِف • (ʕāṭif) m (plural عَوَاطِف (ʕawāṭif))
* (grammar) conjunction

#### Derived terms

* عَاطِفِيّ (ʕāṭifiyy)

### Proper noun

عَاطِف • (ʕāṭif) m
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: Atif
* → Ottoman Turkish: عاطف (Âtıf)
** > Turkish: Atıf (inherited)

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عاف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# bông giấy
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From bông (“flower”) +‎ giấy (“paper”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ zəj˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier cây) bông giấy
* bougainvillea
    Synonym: hoa giấy
** 2021, Thành Hiệp, “Thêm một vườn hoa đón du khách check-in (Another flower garden invites tourists to check-in)”, Cần Thơ News Online:Bông giấy ngũ sắc có 5 màu: đỏ, hồng, cam, trắng, tím; là loài dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh, chịu hạn tốt, phù hợp với khí hậu nhiệt đới. Cây siêng ra hoa quanh năm và có thể cắt tỉa, uốn sửa theo nhiều dáng thế khác nhau.Five-colored bougainvilleas are either red-, pink-, orange-, white-, or purple-colored; [bougainvillea] is a species easy to grow, rarely susceptible to pests and diseases, and drought-tolerant, thus fitting for the tropical climate. These plants bloom all year round and can be trimmed and bent into a variety of shapes and poses.
# тикше
## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *ťikšə, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *teškä (“something protruding: top, beard, head of corn, plant, shrub”), in which case cognate with Finnish tähkä (“ear”), Komi-Permyak тош (toš), Udmurt туш (tuš).
Akin to Moksha тише (tiše).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

тикше • (tikše)
* grass
    Synonym: нар (nar)

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “тикше”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #1642 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
# ꦱꦸꦱꦸꦂ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese susur (“quid”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.sʊr/
* Rhymes: -sʊr
* Hyphenation: su‧sur

### Noun

ꦱꦸꦱꦸꦂ (susur)
* quid: a piece of material for chewing, especially chewing tobacco.
* prop, wedge

#### Derived terms

* ꦢꦶꦱꦸꦱꦸꦫꦶ (disusuri)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: susur

### Further reading

* “susur” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# מום
## Hebrew

* Root
* מ־ו־ם (m-w-m)
* 1 term

### Noun

מוּם • (múm) m
* defect, deficiency, blemish
** Tanach, Numbers 19:2, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ פָרָה אֲדֻמָּה תְּמִימָה אֲשֶׁר אֵין־בָּהּ מוּם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָלָה עָלֶיהָ עֹל׃dabér 'el-b'néi yisra'él v'yik'khú 'elékha pará 'adumá t'mimá 'ashér 'ein-báh múm 'ashér ló 'alá 'aléha 'ól. dabbēr ʾel-bənē yiśrāʾēl wəyiqəḥū ʾēléḵā p̄ārā ʾăḏummā təmīmā ʾăšer ʾēn-bāh mūm ʾăšer lō-ʿālā ʿāléhā ʿōl.Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer, faultless, wherein is no blemish, and upon which never came yoke.

### References

* “מום” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* מום on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew מום.

### Noun

מום • (mum) m, plural מומים (mumim)
* deformity, blemish

### References

* Steven A. Jacobson (1998) A Guide to the More Common Hebraic Words in Yiddish, 5th edition, Fairbanks, AK: National Yiddish Book Center, →ISBN, page 101
# quadrupole
## English
### Noun

quadrupole (plural quadrupoles)
* (physics) A distribution of either electric charge or magnetization equivalent to two dipoles that point in opposite directions.
** 1975, David M. Cook, The Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, page 123:Consider a linear quadrupole consisting of a point charge of strength 2q at the origin and point charges of strength —q at (0, 0, a) and (0, 0, —a).
* (physics) A magnet with two north poles and two south poles, used to focus a beam of particles.

#### Derived terms

* nuclear quadrupole resonance

#### Related terms

* quadrupolar
* octupole

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* quadripole
# widow's cross
## English
### Noun

widow's cross (plural widow's crosses)
* A plant, Sedum pulchellum
# 生憎
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 憎 |
| あい Grade: 1 (ateji) | にく Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 生憎 (kyūjitai) 合憎

### Etymology

Shift from あやにく (ayaniku),from あや (aya, an interjection) + にく (niku, root of adjective 憎(にく)い (nikui, “hateful, detestable, abominable”))

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいにく [àíníkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠iɲ̟ikɯ̟]

### Adjective

生(あい)憎(にく) • (ainiku) -na (adnominal 生(あい)憎(にく)な (ainiku na), adverbial 生(あい)憎(にく)に (ainiku ni))
* unfortunate, unfortunately
* I'm sorry to say that...

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 生憎だろ | あいにくだろ | ainiku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生憎で | あいにくで | ainiku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生憎だ | あいにくだ | ainiku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生憎な | あいにくな | ainiku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 生憎なら | あいにくなら | ainiku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生憎であれ | あいにくであれ | ainiku de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 生憎ではない 生憎じゃない | あいにくではない あいにくじゃない | ainiku de wa nai ainiku ja nai |
| Informal past | 生憎だった | あいにくだった | ainiku datta |
| Informal negative past | 生憎ではなかった 生憎じゃなかった | あいにくではなかった あいにくじゃなかった | ainiku de wa nakatta ainiku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 生憎です | あいにくです | ainiku desu |
| Formal negative | 生憎ではありません 生憎じゃありません | あいにくではありません あいにくじゃありません | ainiku de wa arimasen ainiku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 生憎でした | あいにくでした | ainiku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 生憎ではありませんでした 生憎じゃありませんでした | あいにくではありませんでした あいにくじゃありませんでした | ainiku de wa arimasen deshita ainiku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 生憎で | あいにくで | ainiku de |
| Conditional | 生憎なら（ば） | あいにくなら（ば） | ainiku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 生憎だったら | あいにくだったら | ainiku dattara |
| Volitional | 生憎だろう | あいにくだろう | ainiku darō |
| Adverbial | 生憎に | あいにくに | ainiku ni |
| Degree | 生憎さ | あいにくさ | ainikusa |

### Noun

生(あい)憎(にく) • (ainiku)
* unluckiness, bad timing
    あいにくの雨(あめ)で試(し)合(あい)は中(ちゅう)止(し)になった。
       Ainiku no ame de shiai wa chūshi ni natta.
       The game was called off due to the ill-timed rain.

### See also

* お生(あい)憎(にく)様(さま) (o-ainiku-sama)
* 残(ざん)念(ねん)ながら (zannen nagara)

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 “生憎”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 愛用
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 愛 | 用 |
| あい Grade: 4 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいよー [àíyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ijo̞ː]

### Noun

愛(あい)用(よう) • (aiyō)
* favorite, what one uses habitually

### Verb

愛(あい)用(よう)する • (aiyō suru) transitive suru (stem 愛(あい)用(よう)し (aiyō shi), past 愛(あい)用(よう)した (aiyō shita))
* use regularly
** 1927, 小出楢重, 楢重雑筆:
    私(わたし)が今(いま)冠(かぶ)っている帽(ぼう)子(し)なども、その愛(あい)用(よう)しているものの一(ひと)つでしょう。
       Watashi ga ima kabutte iru bōshi nado mo, sono aiyō shite iru mono no hitotsu deshō.
       I suppose the hat I'm wearing now is one of the things that I use regularly.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 愛用し | あいようし | aiyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 愛用し | あいようし | aiyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 愛用する | あいようする | aiyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 愛用する | あいようする | aiyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 愛用すれ | あいようすれ | aiyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 愛用せよ¹ 愛用しろ² | あいようせよ¹ あいようしろ² | aiyō seyo¹ aiyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 愛用される | あいようされる | aiyō sareru |
| Causative | 愛用させる 愛用さす | あいようさせる あいようさす | aiyō saseru aiyō sasu |
| Potential | 愛用できる | あいようできる | aiyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 愛用しよう | あいようしよう | aiyō shiyō |
| Negative | 愛用しない | あいようしない | aiyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 愛用せず | あいようせず | aiyō sezu |
| Formal | 愛用します | あいようします | aiyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 愛用した | あいようした | aiyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 愛用して | あいようして | aiyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 愛用すれば | あいようすれば | aiyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN