# durum
## English
### Etymology

Borrowing from Latin dūrum, nominative neuter singular of dūrus (“hard”). Doublet of dour and dure.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈdjuːɹəm/, /ˈdʌ.ɹəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: Durham

### Noun

durum (usually uncountable, plural durums)
* (often used attributively) Ellipsis of durum wheat.
    durum pasta
    durum bread
** 1933 October, Glenn S. Smith, J. Allen Clark, “Inheritance of Stem-Rust reaction and Correlation of Characters in Pentad, Nodak, and Akrona Durum-Wheat Crosses”, in Technical Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 385, page 2:Much has been done in crossing Triticum durum Desf. and T. vulgare Vill.$^2$ in an attempt to produce common wheats that are as resistant to stem rust as are the durums.
** 2003 October, Commission staff, Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat From Canada, U.S. International Trade Commission, Publication 3639, page V-5,
    The Minneapolis Grain Exchange stated that durum is a small volume commodity with very specific uses. The durum futures contract traded sporadically for several years, and the Exchange declared the durum futures market dormant after there were no trades and no open interest in any futures contracts.
** 2012, Ruby Parker Puckett, Foodservice Manual for Health Care Institutions, Wiley (Jossey-Bass), 4th Edition, page 397,
    Water is added to a mixture of durum meal or flour, semolina, and farina to make dough that is forced through dies to make tubular macaroni products and cord-like spaghetti.

#### Translations
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From dur (“to stand”) +‎ -um. The senses 'situation' and 'condition' are a semantic loan from Turkish durum.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

durum (definite accusative durumu, plural durumlar)
* firmness, steadfastness
    Synonyms: davam, dözüm, tab, səbat
* tenacity, endurance
    Synonyms: davamlılıq, möhkəmlik
* nutritional value
    Synonyms: doyumluluq, qidalılıq
* abutment, pier
* standing
    Synonym: dayanacaq
* hard and fine sand or soil
* situation
    Synonym: vəziyyət
    ölkədəki siyasi durum ― political situation in the country
* condition, status, state
    Synonym: hal
    sağlamlıq durumu ― health status, state of health

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tağıyev M. T. et al., editors (2006), “durum”, in Azərbaycanca-rusca lüğət [Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary], volume I, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 861b
* ↑ Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “durum”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎ (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume I, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 708b

## Latin
### Adjective

dūrum
* nominative neuter singular of dūrus

## Old English
### Noun

durum
* dative plural of duru

## Old Norse
### Noun

durum f pl
* dative indefinite of dyrr

## Turkish
### Etymology

A 1930’s coinage. Partially replaced hâl and vaziyet. By surface analysis, durmak (“to stand, remain”) +‎ dur- +‎ -um. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰢 (turum, “stature, height”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

durum (definite accusative durumu, plural durumlar)
* situation; status, condition
* (grammar) grammatical case

#### Synonyms

* (situation): hâl, konum, vaziyet

#### Derived terms

* araç durumu
* ayrılma durumu
* belirtme durumu
* bulunma durumu
* çıkma durumu
* tamlayan durumu
* yönelme durumu