# vulnus
## English
### Etymology

Latin

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvʌlnəs/

### Noun

vulnus (plural vulnera)
* (medicine, formal) A wound.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge; and the interior membranes were so divellicated, that the os or bone very plainly appeared through the aperture of the vulnus or wound.
** 1999, Acta classica, volumes 42-43, page 89:But for the veterans in the Pannonian legions, their vulnera were no longer their tokens of honour, but an indication of the severity of service in the army.

#### Related terms

* vuln
* vulnerable
* vulnerate

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vulnus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvul.nus/
* Rhymes: -ulnus
* Hyphenation: vùl‧nus

### Noun

vulnus m (plural vulnera)
* (law) infringement (of a right)
* (by extension) an offense capable of destabilizing a principle or norm

#### Related terms

* vulnerabile
* vulnerabilità
* vulnerare
* vulnerario

### Further reading

* vulnus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *welanos, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit”). Cognate with Latin vellō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯ul.nus/, [ˈu̯ʊɫ̪nʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvul.nus/, [ˈvulnus]

### Noun

vulnus n (genitive vulneris); third declension
* wound, injury
    Synonyms: damnum, dētrīmentum, incommoditās, calamitās, pauperiēs, maleficium, iniūria, noxa, fraus, plāga
* (figuratively) blow
    Synonyms: colaphus, pulsus, ictus, plāga
* incision
    Synonyms: cicātrīx, incīsiō
* misfortune, calamity, disaster
    Synonyms: plāga, dētrīmentum, incommodum, clādēs, interitus, incommoditās, cāsus, perniciēs, exitium, īnfortūnium, miseria, calamitās, malum, cruciātus, nūbēs
    Antonyms: commodum, commoditās
* a loss in a battle
    Synonyms: clādēs, calamitās, incommodum, dētrīmentum
    Antonym: victōria

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* vulnerārius
* vulnerō
* vulnifer
* vulnificō
* vulnificus
* vulnusculum

#### Related terms

* vulnerābilis
* vulnerātiō
* vulnerātor

#### See also

* ulcus

### References

* “vulnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* vulnus in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
* vulnus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* vulnus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to wound a person (also used metaphorically): vulnus infligere alicui to be (seriously, mortally) wounded: vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere after many had been wounded on both sides: multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50) weakened by wounds: vulneribus confectus to open an old wound: refricare vulnus, cicatricem obductam to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33) the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30) (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera (cicatrices) adversa (opp. aversa) (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera adverso corpore accepta