OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# splint
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /splɪnt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪnt

### Noun

splint (plural splints)
* A narrow strip of wood split or peeled from a larger piece.
** (Cheshire, West Midlands) A splinter caught in the skin.
* (dentistry) A dental device applied consequent to undergoing orthodontia.
* (medicine) A device to immobilize a body part.
** 1899 September – 1900 July, Joseph Conrad, chapter V, in Lord Jim: A Tale, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1900, →OCLC, pages 50–51:[...] I saw in the white men's ward that little chap tossing on his back, with his arm in splints, and quite light-headed.
* (military, historical) A segment of armour consisting of a narrow overlapping plate.
** 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter II, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 25:The fore-part of his thighs, where the folds of his mantle permitted them to be seen, were also covered with linked mail; the knees and feet were defended by splints, or thin plates of steel, ingeniously jointed upon each other; and mail hose, reaching from the ancle to the knee, effectually protected the legs, and completed the rider's defensive armour.
* (mining) Synonym of splent coal
* (zootomy) A bone found on either side of a horse's cannon bone; the second or fourth metacarpal (forelimb) or metatarsal (hindlimb) bone.
* (zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.

#### Usage notes

* For a horse to pop a splint is for it to receive an injury to the splint bone or surrounding area.

#### Derived terms

* coaptation splint
* Frejka splint
* shin splint
* splint bone
* splint coal
* splinter

#### Translations
### Verb

splint (third-person singular simple present splints, present participle splinting, simple past and past participle splinted)
* (transitive) To apply a splint to; to fasten with splints.
* To support one's abdomen with hands or a pillow before attempting to cough.
* (obsolete, rare, transitive) To split into thin, slender pieces; to splinter.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

## Swedish
### Noun

splint c
* sapwood
    Synonyms: splintved, vitved, ytved

#### See also

* kärnved (“heartwood”)

### References

* splint in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* splint in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# pabuyong
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

From pa- +‎ buyong.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧bu‧yong
* IPA: /pabuˈjoŋ/ [pa.buˈjoŋ]

### Noun

pabuyóng
* (Tabaco, Legazpi) intoxication; inebriation (by drinking alcohol)
    Synonyms: paburat, pahubog

#### Derived terms

* magpabuyong
* makapabuyong
* mapabuyong
* pabuyongon
# շշմել
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* շշմիլ (ššmil) — Western Armenian
* շաշմել (šašmel), շաշմիլ (šašmil), շշմլել (ššmlel), շշմվել (ššmvel), շիշմիլ (šišmil), շաշմիշ ըլլալ (šašmiš əllal) — dialectal

### Etymology

The older form is շաշմել (šašmel), borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شاشمق (şaşmak) and Azerbaijani şaşmaq.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʃəʃˈmel/, [ʃəʃmél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʃəʃˈmel/, [ʃəʃmél]

### Verb

շշմել • (ššmel) (intransitive)
* to be dazed, to become disoriented or confused, to lose one's alertness
    Synonyms: շփոթվել (špʻotʻvel), շշկլվել (ššklvel)
* to go numb
    Synonyms: թմրել (tʻmrel), դմբրել (dmbrel)
* to be greatly surprised or astonished, to be shocked
    Synonym: ապշել (apšel)

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Derived terms

* շշմած (ššmac)
* շշմածություն (ššmacutʻyun)
* շշմահար (ššmahar)
* շշմեցնել (ššmecʻnel)
* շշմեցուցիչ (ššmecʻucʻičʻ)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1902) “շաշմիշ ըլլալ”, in Tʻurkʻerēni azdecʻutʻiwnə hayerēni vray ew tʻurkʻerēnē pʻoxaṙeal baṙerə Pōlsi hay žoġovrdakan lezuin mēǰ hamematutʻeamb Vani, Ġarabaġi ew Nor-Naxiǰewani barbaṙnerun [The influence of Turkish on Armenian, and the Turkish borrowings in the vernacular Armenian of Constantinople in comparison with the dialects of Van, Karabakh and Nor Nakhichevan] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 3) (in Armenian), Moscow and Vagharshapat: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 258
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “շշմիլ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 835b
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2007), “շշմել”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 265b
* ↑ Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944) “շաշմել”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 499c
* ↑ Margaryan, Alekʻsandr (1975) Gorisi barbaṙə [The dialect of Goris]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press, page 530b
# ապաստան
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ապաստան (apastan).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑpɑsˈtɑn/, [ɑpɑstɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑbɑsˈdɑn/, [ɑbɑstɑ́n]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ապաստան • (apastan)
* refuge, asylum

#### Derived terms

* ապաստանարան (apastanaran)
* ապաստարան (apastaran)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing; compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄stʾn' /⁠abestān⁠/, “refuge, support, trust”). For the constituents see ապ- (ap-) and -ստան (-stan).

### Noun

ապաստան • (apastan)
* asylum, refuge, place of safety, shelter
    Synonyms: ապաւէն (apawēn), պատսպարան (patsparan)
    ապաստան առնել ― apastan aṙnel ― to confide, to intrust; to secure
    ապաստան լինել ― apastan linel ― to take refuge; to confide, to trust, to be confident
    յոգիս ապաստան լինել, յոգւոցն պարզել ապաստան ― yogis apastan linel, yogwocʻn parzel apastan ― լինել to be in the last agonies, to be at the point of death
* (rare) shield
    Synonyms: վահան (vahan), ասպար (aspar)

#### Declension
### Adjective

ապաստան • (apastan)
* sheltered, placed under protection
    Synonyms: ապաստանեալ (apastaneal), ապաւինեալ (apawineal), վստահացեալ (vstahacʻeal), յեցեալ (yecʻeal)

### Derived terms

* անապաստան (anapastan)
* ապաստանած (apastanac)
* ապաստանապահ (apastanapah)
* ապաստանարար (apastanarar)
* ապաստանեմ (apastanem)
* ապաստանիմ (apastanim)
* ապաստանիչ (apastaničʻ)
* ապաստանութիւն (apastanutʻiwn)
* բռնապաստան (bṙnapastan)
* յանձնապաստան (yanjnapastan)

### Related terms

* ապ- (ap-)
* -ստան (-stan)

### Descendants

* → Armenian: ապաստան (apastan)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ապաստան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ապաստան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 104
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2006) “ապաստան”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 333
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ապաստան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater, editor, Encyclopædia Iranica‎, volume 2, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, page 453a of 445–459
# adenohypophysis
## English
### Etymology

From adeno- +‎ hypophysis.

### Noun

adenohypophysis (plural adenohypophyses)
* (anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.

#### Synonyms

* anterior lobe
* anterior pituitary

#### Derived terms

* adenohypophyseal
* adenohypophysial
* meso-adenohypophysis
* meta-adenohypophysis
* pro-adenohypophysis

#### Related terms

* neurohypophysis
# lithology
## English
### Etymology

From litho- +‎ -ology.

### Noun

lithology (countable and uncountable, plural lithologies)
* (uncountable) The study of rocks, with particular emphasis on their description and classification.
* (countable) The general composition of a rock or rock sequence.
** 1983, Jeremy S. Delaney et al., “The Nomenclature of Polymict Basaltic Achondrites”, in Meteoritics & Planetary Science, volume 18, number 2, →DOI:The ‘monomict’ meteorites are samples of a single lithology while the polymict meteorites are those containing two or more lithologies.

#### Derived terms

* astrolithology
* lithologic
* lithological
* lithologically
* lithologist
* phytolithology
# müphem
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish مبهم (mübhem, “closed, shut; solid; impenetrable to counsel; dubious, vague”), from Arabic مُبْهَم (mubham), passive participle of أَبْهَمَ (ʔabhama, “to shut/lock, to conceal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mypˈhem/, (colloquial) /myˈpem/
* Hyphenation: müp‧hem

### Adjective

müphem
* (dated) vague, unclear, obscure
    Synonyms: belirsiz, belgisiz, gayrimuayyen, vuzuhsuz, meçhul

#### Declension
### Adverb

müphem
* (dated) vaguely, unclearly

#### Derived terms

* müphemiyet
* müphemlik

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مبهم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1675
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مبهم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1103
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “müphem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “müphem”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “müphem”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3382
# hepatitis
## English
### Etymology

From Latin hēpatītis, from hēpar (“liver”), from Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar, “liver”). By surface analysis, hepat- +‎ -itis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

hepatitis (countable and uncountable, plural hepatitises or hepatitides)
* Inflammation of the liver, sometimes caused by a viral infection.
** 2013, Teri Shors, Understanding Viruses, 2nd edition:Hepatitises B and C are the most important chronic viral infections of humans.

#### Derived terms

* enterohepatitis
* gastrohepatitis
* hepatitis A
* hepatitis B
* hepatitis C
* hepatitis D
* hepatitis delta virus
* hepatitis E
* hepatitis externa
* hepatitis X
* non-A-E hepatitis
* perihepatitis
* steatohepatitis

#### Further reading

* “hepatitis”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “hepatitis”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “hepatitis”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin hēpatītis, from hēpar (“liver”), from Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar, “liver”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ə.pəˈti.tis]
* IPA: (Valencia) [e.paˈti.tis]

### Noun

hepatitis f (invariable)
* hepatitis

## Spanish
### Etymology

From hepato- +‎ -itis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /epaˈtitis/ [e.paˈt̪i.t̪is]
* Rhymes: -itis
* Syllabification: he‧pa‧ti‧tis

### Noun

hepatitis f (plural hepatitis)
* (pathology) hepatitis

### Further reading

* “hepatitis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# culpable
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English culpable, from Old French culpable, from Latin culpabilis (“blameworthy”), from culpare (“to blame, condemn”), from culpa (“fault, crime, mistake”). Compare also culprit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʌlpəbəl/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

culpable (comparative more culpable, superlative most culpable)
* Meriting condemnation, censure or blame, especially as something wrong, harmful or injurious; blameworthy, guilty.
    I am culpable for stealing your money.

#### Derived terms

* culpability
* culpable homicide
* culpable negligence
* culpableness
* culpably
* inculpable
* nonculpable
* unculpable

#### Further reading

* “culpable”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “culpable”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin culpābilis, equivalent to culpar +‎ -able.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kulˈpab.blə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [kulˈpa.ble]

### Adjective

culpable m or f (masculine and feminine plural culpables)
* guilty; culpable

#### Related terms

* culpa
* culpar

### Further reading

* “culpable” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “culpable”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “culpable” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “culpable” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin culpābilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kulˈpable/ [kulˈpa.β̞le]
* Audio (Bolivia):(file)
* Rhymes: -able
* Syllabification: cul‧pa‧ble

### Adjective

culpable m or f (masculine and feminine plural culpables)
* guilty, culpable
    hacerle sentir culpable ― to guilt trip
* guilty (having a sense of guilt)
    una conciencia culpable ― a guilty conscience

### Noun

culpable m or f by sense (plural culpables)
* culpable person

#### Related terms

* culpa
* culpar

### Further reading

* “culpable”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Farbenblindheit
## German
### Etymology

From Farbe (“color”) +‎ Blindheit (“blindness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfaʁ.bn̩ˌblɪnt.haɪ̯t/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Far‧ben‧blind‧heit

### Noun

Farbenblindheit f (genitive Farbenblindheit, no plural)
* color blindness

#### Synonyms

* Achromasie
* Achromatopie
* Achromatopsie
* Monochromasie

#### Hypernyms

* Farbenfehlsichtigkeit

#### Related terms

* farbenblind
* farbenfreudig
* farbenfroh
* farbig
* Farbstift
* Farbstoff
* Nachtblindheit
* Schneeblindheit

### Further reading

* “Farbenblindheit” in Duden online
* “Farbenblindheit” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# ochtodēšadujto
## Baltic Romani
### Alternative forms

* ochtodešadujto

### Adjective

ochtodēšadujto
* (Litovska, ordinal number) eighty-second

#### Coordinate terms

| | — 0 | — 1 | — 2 | — 3 | — 4 | — 5 | — 6 | — 7 | — 8 | — 9 |
| 0 — | - | pērvo | vtoro / dujto | trito | štarto | pančto | šouto | ēftato | ochtoto | eniato |
| 1 — | dēšto | dēšujekto | dēšudujto | dēšutrito | dēšuštarto | dēšupančto | dēšušouto | dēšēftato | dēšochtoto | dēšeniato |
| 2 — | bišto | bištējekto | bištēdujto | bištētrito | bištēštarto | bištēpančto | bištēšouto | bištēftato | bištochtoto | bišteniato |
| 3 — | trijandato | trijandajekto | trijandadujto | trijandatrito | trijandaštarto | trijandapančto | trijandašouto | trijandaēftato | trijandaochtoto | trijandaeniato |
| 4 — | štardēšato | štardēšajekto | štardēšadujto | štardēšatrito | štardēšaštarto | štardēšapančto | štardēšašouto | štardēšaēftato | štardēšaochtoto | štardēšaeniato |
| 5 — | pančdēšato | pančdēšajekto | pančdēšadujto | pančdēšatrito | pančdēšaštarto | pančdēšapančto | pančdēšašouto | pančdēšaēftato | pančdēšaochtoto | pančdēšaeniato |
| 6 — | šoudēšato | šoudēšajekto | šoudēšadujto | šoudēšatrito | šoudēšaštarto | šoudēšapančto | šoudēšašouto | šoudēšaēftato | šoudēšaochtoto | šoudēšaeniato |
| 7 — | ēftadēšato | ēftadēšajekto | ēftadēšadujto | ēftadēšatrito | ēftadēšaštarto | ēftadēšapančto | ēftadēšašouto | ēftadēšaēftato | ēftadēšaochtoto | ēftadēšaeniato |
| 8 — | ochtodēšato | ochtodēšajekto | ochtodēšadujto | ochtodēšatrito | ochtodēšaštarto | ochtodēšapančto | ochtodēšašouto | ochtodēšaēftato | ochtodēšaochtoto | ochtodēšaeniato |
| 9 — | eniadēšato | eniadēšajekto | eniadēšadujto | eniadēšatrito | eniadēšaštarto | eniadēšapančto | eniadēšašouto | eniadēšaēftato | eniadēšaochtoto | eniadēšaeniato |
# liyag
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liˈaɡ/ [ˈljaɡ̚]
* Rhymes: -aɡ
* Syllabification: li‧yag

### Noun

liyág (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜌᜄ᜔)
* darling; dear; love
    Synonyms: giliw, hirang, irog, sinta, mahal, mutya, paraluman
* sweetheart
    Synonyms: kasintahan, kasuyo, katipan
* love or affection; holding dear in one's heart
    Synonyms: mahal, pagmamahal

#### Derived terms

* liyagin
* lumiyag
* pagliyag

### Further reading

* “liyag”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# bitlla
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* birla

### Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly cognate with French bille, from Frankish *bikkil (“ossicle; die”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈbiʎ.ʎə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈbi.ʎə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈbi.ʎa]

### Noun

bitlla f (plural bitlles)
* (bowling) pin, skittle
* (bowling) spare (bitlles de sis)
* (textiles) bobbin, reel

#### Derived terms

* bitllar
* bitlles
* bitllo-bitllo
* bitllot

### Further reading

* “bitlla” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “bitlla” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# vibrante
## Galician
### Adjective

vibrante m or f (plural vibrantes)
* vibrating, oscillating rapidly
* vibrant, lively

#### Related terms

* vibración
* vibrador
* vibráfono
* vibrar
* vibratorio

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viˈbran.te/
* Rhymes: -ante
* Hyphenation: vi‧bràn‧te

### Participle

vibrante (plural vibranti)
* present participle of vibrare

### Adjective

vibrante (plural vibranti)
* vibrating
* vibrant, resonant

## Latin
### Participle

vibrante
* ablative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of vibrāns

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /viˈbɾɐ̃.t͡ʃi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /viˈbɾɐ̃.t͡ʃi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /viˈbɾɐ̃.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /viˈbɾɐ̃.tɨ/ [viˈβɾɐ̃.tɨ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /viˈbɾɐ̃.tɨ/ [viˈβɾɐ̃.tɨ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /biˈbɾɐ̃.tɨ/ [biˈβɾɐ̃.tɨ]
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɐ̃tʃi, (Portugal) -ɐ̃tɨ
* Hyphenation: vi‧bran‧te

### Adjective

vibrante m or f (plural vibrantes)
* vibrant (pulsing with energy or activity)
* vibrant; lively (full of life)
    Synonyms: animado, vivaz
* vibrating (that vibrates)

### Noun

vibrante f (plural vibrantes)
* (phonetics) vibrant (vibrating consonant)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈbɾante/ [biˈβ̞ɾãn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ante
* Syllabification: vi‧bran‧te

### Adjective

vibrante m or f (masculine and feminine plural vibrantes)
* vibrating
* vibrant, lively
* (linguistics) trilled

#### Derived terms

* vibrantemente

### Noun

vibrante f (plural vibrantes)
* (linguistics) vibrant

### Further reading

* “vibrante”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# սպառ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing; compare Parthian 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫇𐫡 (ʿspwr /⁠ispurr⁠/, “full, complete, perfect”), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (spwlyk' /⁠spurrīg⁠/, “entire, complete, perfect”), Persian سپری (separi, “complete”), Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (aspər$^ə$nah, “completeness”), Aramaic אָסְפַּרְנָא (/⁠ˀsprnˀ⁠/, “in full”) (from Iranian).

### Noun

սպառ • (spaṙ) indeclinable
* end, completion
    ի սպառ ― i spaṙ ― entirely, completely, to the end

#### Derived terms

* ամենասպառ (amenaspaṙ)
* անսպառ (anspaṙ)
* անսպառաբար (anspaṙabar)
* անսպառական (anspaṙakan)
* անսպառելի (anspaṙeli)
* անսպառութիւն (anspaṙutʻiwn)
* իմաստասպառ (imastaspaṙ)
* իսպառ (ispaṙ)
* իսպառազէն (ispaṙazēn)
* կենդանասպառ (kendanaspaṙ)
* շնչասպառ (šnčʻaspaṙ)
* ոգեսպառ (ogespaṙ)
* սպառազէն (spaṙazēn)
* սպառազինական (spaṙazinakan)
* սպառազինապէս (spaṙazinapēs)
* սպառազինեմ (spaṙazinem)
* սպառազինիմ (spaṙazinim)
* սպառազինութիւն (spaṙazinutʻiwn)
* սպառանամ (spaṙanam)
* սպառացուցիչ (spaṙacʻucʻičʻ)
* սպառեմ (spaṙem)
* սպառընթաց (spaṙəntʻacʻ)
* սպառիմ (spaṙim)
* սպառիչ (spaṙičʻ)
* սպառուած (spaṙuac)
* սպառումն (spaṙumn)
* սպառսպուռ (spaṙspuṙ)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: իսպառ (ispaṙ)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “սպառ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “սպառ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 239
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “սպառ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# luwal
## Fula
### Etymology

From Proto-Fula-Serer *luɁ, whence also Serer lukuƴ (“a budding horn”). Cognate with Nalu luk (“horn”), Badyara pə-dikɛ, Biafada bu-dəgga, Sherbro lɪk, Southern Kissi lèèyó, Mmani lék.

### Noun

luwal ngal (plural luwe nde)
* horn (of an animal)

#### Related terms

* alaadu
* allugal

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
* ↑ Konstantin Pozdniakov (2022) Proto-Fula–Sereer: Lexicon, morphophonology, and noun classes (Niger-Congo Compartative Studies), volume 3, Berlin, Germany: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 140

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luqar. Compare Kapampangan lual and Malay luar. Doublet of luwa and luwag.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /luˈal/ [ˈlwal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: lu‧wal

### Noun

luwál (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜏᜎ᜔)
* sudden appearance; sudden coming out (as from the darkness)
* giving birth
    Synonyms: pag-anak, panganganak
* outside; exterior (as of a town)
    Synonym: labas
* payment for another to cover an emergency (which is expected to be reimbursed)
    Synonym: abono
* exception
    Synonyms: eksepsiyon, taliwas, labas

#### Derived terms

* iluwal
* lumuwal
* luwalan
* magluwal
* paluwal
* paluwalan

#### See also

* duwal
# dermally
## English
### Etymology

From dermal +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

dermally (not comparable)
* In a dermal way; of or to the skin.

#### Derived terms

* basiepidermally
* ectodermally
* electrodermally
* endodermally
* epidermally
* hypodermally
* intradermally
* mesodermally
* neuroectodermally
* panmesodermally
* subdermally
* subepidermally
* transdermally