# 愚者
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yúzhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ ze$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yúzhě
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yújhě
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: yú-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujee
*** Palladius: юйчжэ (jujčžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: yùh jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

### Noun

愚者
* (literal) fool (person with poor judgement or little intelligence)
* (tarot) the Fool

#### Synonyms

* 人頭豬腦 / 人头猪脑 (réntóuzhūnǎo) (chiefly Cantonese)
* 低能兒 / 低能儿 (dīnéng'ér)
* 侗戇 / 侗戆 (Hokkien)
* 傻子 (shǎzi)
* 傻瓜 (shǎguā)
* 呆大 (Wu)
* 呆子 (dāizi)
* 呆瓜 (dāiguā)
* 哈卵 (ha$^3$ lonn$^3$) (Xiang, Southwestern Mandarin, vulgar)
* 哚哥 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 喥頭 / 喥头 (Wu)
* 壋將 / 垱将 (Hokkien)
* 大戇呆 / 大戆呆 (Hokkien)
* 大戇牯 / 大戆牯 (Hakka)
* 大番薯 (Hakka)
* 愚人 (yúrén)
* 戇人 / 戆人 (Hakka, Hokkien, Wu)
* 戇卵 / 戆卵 (Northern Wu, vulgar)
* 戇呆 / 戆呆 (Hokkien)
* 戇囝 / 戆囝 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 戇大 / 戆大 (Wu)
* 戇大呆 / 戆大呆 (Hokkien)
* 戇大豬 / 戆大猪 (Hokkien)
* 戇猴 / 戆猴 (Hokkien)
* 戇鳩 / 戆鸠 (ngong$^6$ gau$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 木大 (Wu)
* 痴子 (chīzi) (regional)
* 白痴 (báichī)
* 笨人 (bènrén)
* 笨蛋 (bèndàn)
* 笨貨 / 笨货 (bènhuò)
* 老襯 / 老衬 (lou$^5$ can$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 蠢人 (chǔnrén)
* 蠢材 (chǔncái)
* 蠢蛋
* 豆渣腦殼 / 豆渣脑壳 (dou$^4$ za$^1$ nao$^3$ ko$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 錘哥 / 锤哥 (Hokkien)
* 闇雞 / 𬮴鸡 (Hokkien)
* 鵝牯 / 鹅牯 (Hakka)

#### Derived terms

* 愚者千慮，必有一得 / 愚者千虑，必有一得 (yúzhěqiānlǜ, bìyǒuyīdé)
* 愚者自將 / 愚者自将 (yúzhě zìjiàng)

### Pronoun

愚者
* (formal, literary, polite) I; me

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 者 |
| ぐ Grade: S | しゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 愚者 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 愚者 (MC ngju tsyaeX). First attested in Japanese in 900.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐしゃ [gúꜜshà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ɕa̠]

#### Noun

愚(ぐ)者(しゃ) • (gusha)
* [from 900] a fool, an idiot
    Antonym: 賢者 (kenja, “wise person, sage”)
    愚者(ぐしゃ)の黄金(おうごん)
       gusha no ōgon
       fools' gold: pyrite
* [date uncertain; possibly from the 1800s] (tarot) the Fool card in Tarot

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 者 |
| おれ Grade: S | もの Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 愚者 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 愚者 – see the following entry. :
| 【おれもの】 | [noun] [974–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete) a fool, an idiot Alternative spelling 愚れ者 |
(This term, 愚者, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 者 |
| おろ(か) Grade: S | もの Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 愚者 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 愚者 – see the following entry. :
| 【おろかもの】 | [noun] [from 1722] fool, idiot Alternative spelling 愚か者 |
(This term, 愚者, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “愚者”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN