# bendera
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay bendera, from Portuguese bandeira (“flag”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /bənˈdera/ [bənˈde.ra]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -era
* Syllabification: ben‧de‧ra

### Noun

bêndéra (plural bendera-bendera)
* flag
    Synonyms: liwa, panji, panji-panji, standar

#### Alternative forms

* bandera
* bendeira

#### Derived terms

* benderai
* benderain
* benderakan
* berbendera
* berbenderai
* berbenderakan
* dibenderai
* dibenderain
* dibenderakan
* diperbendera
* diperbenderai
* diperbenderakan
* kebenderain
* membenderai
* membenderakan
* memperbendera
* memperbenderai
* memperbenderakan
* pembendera
* pembenderaan
* perbenderaan
* sebendera
* sebenderai
* sebenderain
* sebenderakan
* terbenderai
* terbenderakan
* terperbendera
* terperbenderai
* terperbenderakan

#### Compounds

* bendera kebangsaan
* bendera kuning
* bendera merah
* bendera negara
* bendera not
* bendera Pusaka
* bendera putih
* bendera setengah tiang
* bendera sudut

### Further reading

* “bendera” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) bĕndera - pre-1972
* (Jawi) بنديرا
* (Jawi, obsolete) بندير - pre-1986

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese bandeira.

### Pronunciation

* (Baku) IPA: /bəndeɾa/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: /bəndeɾə/
* Hyphenation: ben‧de‧ra
* Rhymes: -ra, -a
* Audio (Malaysia, Johor-Riau):(file)

### Noun

bendera
* flag
** 1969, Shahnon Ahmad, Perdana, Penerbitan Pustaka Nasional, page 206:Bendera berumor empat ratus empat puloh enam tahun itu pasti gugor malam ini.The four hundred and forty-six-year-old flag will most certainly fall tonight.
** 1988, Ismail Babu, Kisah Seorang Perajurit, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, page 124:Mereka menjadi berang, walau bagaimanapun akhirnya bendera itu diturunkan.They grew angry, but in the end the flag was taken down.
** 2008, Norlela Zubir, 50 Kisah Usahawan Wanita, PTS Professional, →ISBN, page 10:Kapal-kapal Halim Mazmin yang membawa bendera Malaysia mengendalikan kargo pukal kering seperti beras, gandum, baja dan besi.Halim Mazmin ships bearing the Malaysian flag handle dry bulk cargo like rice, wheat, fertilisers and iron.

#### Synonyms

* panji
* panji-panji
* tunggul

#### Derived terms

* bendera-bendera
* bendera putih
* tiang bendera

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: bendera

### References

* "bendera" in Kamus Dewan, Third Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 1996.
* "bandēra" in A Dictionary of the Malayan Language, in Two Parts, Malayan and English and English and Malayan, William Marsden, Cox and Baylis, 1812, page 50.
* "bandera" in A Malay-English Dictionary, Richard James Wilkinson, Kelly & Walsh Limited, 1901-1903, page 123.

### Further reading

* “bendera” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese bandeira, perhaps via Omani Arabic بنديرة (bandēra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛnˈdɛ.rɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

bendera class IX (plural bendera class X)
* flag (fabric with distinctive design used as a signal)

### References

* ↑ Mugane, John M. (2015) The Story of Swahili (Africa in World History), Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, →ISBN, page 53: “In addition, the Swahili adopted Portuguese words […] bandeira (flag or pennant) is bendera”
* ↑ Brook, Zev (2022) “Which Arabic Dialect Are Swahili Words From?”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎, volume 10, number 1, page 8 of 1-10:‘Flag’, Sw bendera. From OAr bendyra norm. bendīra (R: 76) / bandḗra (N: 60). Reinhardt thinks it is from Italian, and Jayakar (1889: 838) points to Persian; Portuguese bandeira makes much more sense than either suggestion. The attested OAr forms vary significantly in vowels, with Reinhardt’s being more nativized than that of the donor dialect, but the first vowel in the Sw form supports OAr mediation rather than a direct loan from Portuguese, as Mugane (2015: 96) claims.