OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harding
## English
### Alternative forms

* Hardinge

### Etymology

Originally a patronymic from Hardy or from compound given names with the Germanic element *hard (“hard”).

### Proper noun

Harding
* An English and Irish surname transferred from the given name.
* A number of places in the United States:
** An unincorporated community in Tift County, Georgia.
** An unincorporated community in Bourbon County, Kansas, named after Russell Harding.
** A minor city in Morrison County, Minnesota.
** A township in Morris County, New Jersey.
** A township in Lucas County, Ohio.
** An unincorporated community in Harding County, South Dakota, named after the county.
** An unincorporated community in Randolph County, West Virginia, named after Confederate French Harding.
** A town in Lincoln County, Wisconsin.
* A town in Ugu district municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

#### Derived terms

* Harding County
* Harding grass

### Anagrams

* Darghin, Dhingra
# tervez
## Hungarian
### Etymology

terv +‎ -ez

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛrvɛz]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ter‧vez
* Rhymes: -ɛz

### Verb

tervez
* (transitive) to plan, to intend, to consider doing
* (transitive) to design

#### Derived terms

* tervezet
* tervezés
* tervezget
(With verbal prefixes):
* áttervez
* betervez
* eltervez
* megtervez
* túltervez
* újratervez
(Expressions):
* ember tervez, Isten végez

#### Related terms

* tervel

### Further reading

* tervez in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# εξαίρεση
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐξαίρεσῐς (exaíresĭs) with -ση (-si) ending and semantic loan from French exception.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈkse.ɾe.si/
* Hyphenation: ε‧ξαί‧ρε‧ση

### Noun

εξαίρεση • (exaíresi) f (plural εξαιρέσεις)
* exception
* exemption

#### Declension

Older or formal genitive singular: εξαιρέσεως (exairéseos)

#### Related terms

* εξαιρετικός (exairetikós)
* εξαίρετος (exaíretos)
* εξαιρώ (exairó)

### References

* ↑ εξαίρεση, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# terhes
## Hungarian
### Etymology

teher +‎ -es

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛrɦɛʃ]
* Hyphenation: ter‧hes
* Rhymes: -ɛʃ

### Adjective

terhes (comparative terhesebb, superlative legterhesebb)
* pregnant, in a/the family way
    Synonyms: állapotos, várandós, anyai örömök elé néz, gyermeket vár, másállapotban van
* burdensome, hard, taxing (task), obnoxious, tiring (person) for someone (-nak/-nek)
    Synonyms: megterhelő, fárasztó, kimerítő, nyomasztó
* (rare, literary) loaded, filled, heavy, laden, saturated (with something: -val/-vel)
    Synonyms: megrakott, teli, telített, átitatott

#### Derived terms

* terhesség
* vészterhes

### Noun

terhes (plural terhesek)
* pregnant woman

#### Declension
### Usage notes

This word is sometimes avoided in the sense ‘pregnant (woman)’ due to its connotation of carrying some “burden” (teher). For alternatives, see its synonyms under the first adjectival sense.

### Further reading

* terhes in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# calceus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin calceus, substantive use of calx (“heel”) + -eus (“-y: forming adjectives”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kælˈseɪəs/

### Noun

calceus (plural calceuses or calcei)
* A kind of low leather Roman boot or hightop shoe.
** 1948, Ruth Turner Wilcox, The Mode in Footwear..., page 32:In its earliest form the calceus was a low-cut model of the Greek endromis, a snug-fitting ankle-high boot, the front finished in a tongue to facilitate drawing on the shoe.
** 2022, Jan Radicke, Roman Women's Dress..., p. 99:
    In comparison with the soccus and the solea, the calceus was a more formal footwear. We do not not usually find it in scenes of private life... We never find it with banquets, where the soccus and the solea prevail. It was probably only put on when leaving the house or, in the case of men, when receiving guests in a formal manner.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* calcius

### Etymology

A substantive use of calx (“heel”) +‎ -eus (“-y: forming adjectives”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkal.ke.us/, [ˈkäɫ̪keʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkal.t͡ʃe.us/, [ˈkäl̠ʲt͡ʃeus]

### Noun

calceus m (genitive calceī); second declension
* (historical) calceus, a kind of low Roman boot or leather hightop shoe
** 1922, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, Cap. 3, §137:
    ...nam et toga et calceus et capillus tam nimia cura quam negligentia sunt reprehendenda......indeed your toga and calceus and hair are as worthy of reproach when done with excessive care as when done with too little...
* (inexact) footwear, shoe, boot

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* calcea
* calceāria
* calceō
* calceocaliga
* calceolus
* calceus mulleus
* calceus patricius
* calceus senatorius

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Italian: calcetto
* ⇒ Romanian: încălțăminte, călcâi
* ⇒ Venetan: calseto
* Sardinian: cartzu, cartu, caltzeta, caltzita, cartzita
* Borrowings:
** → English: calceus, calced, calceiform
** → Italian: calceo
** → Spanish: cálceo

### References

* “calceus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “calceus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* calceus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* calceus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to change one's clothes (and shoes): vestimenta (et calceos) mutare
* “calceus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “calceus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# 4G
## English
### Adjective

4G (not comparable)
* (mobile telephony) Abbreviation of 4th generation, a cellular phone communication standard.
    Hyponyms: LTE, LTE-Advanced, Wimax2

#### Related terms

* 0G
* 1G
* 2.5G
* 2.75G
* 2G
* 3G
* 3G+
* 5G
# hiperemis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch hyperemisch (“hyperemic”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /hipərˈemis/ [hi.pərˈe.mɪs]
* Rhymes: -emis
* Syllabification: hi‧per‧e‧mis

### Adjective

hiperemis
* (pathology) hyperemic, hyperaemic

#### Related terms

* hiperemia

### Further reading

* “hiperemis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# متبوع
## Arabic

* Root
* ت ب ع (t b ʕ)
* 12 terms

### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of the verb تَبِعَ (tabiʕa, “to follow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mat.buːʕ/
* Rhymes: -uːʕ

### Adjective

مَتْبُوع • (matbūʕ) (feminine مَتْبُوعَة (matbūʕa), masculine plural مَتْبُوعُونَ (matbūʕūna), feminine plural مَتْبُوعَات (matbūʕāt))
* followed (by), succeeded (by)
* obeyed

#### Declension
### Noun

مَتْبُوع • (matbūʕ) m
* sovereign, leader, boss (one who is followed by others)

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: متبوع (metbû')
# հանդէպ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From հան- (han-) +‎ դէպ (dēp).

### Preposition

հանդէպ • (handēp)
* (with genitive) before, in face of, in front of, in presence of, opposite

### Adverb

հանդէպ • (handēp)
* against

### Adjective

հանդէպ • (handēp)
* convenient, fit, proper

### Noun

հանդէպ • (handēp)
* front
    ի հանդէպ, ի հանդիպէ, ի հանդիպոյ, ի հանդիպոջ ― i handēp, i handipē, i handipoy, i handipoǰ ― before, in front

#### Derived terms

* անհանդէպ (anhandēp)
* անհանդիպութիւն (anhandiputʻiwn)
* բարեհանդէպ (barehandēp)
* դիւրահանդիպելի (diwrahandipeli)
* եղջիւրահանդիպեալ (ełǰiwrahandipeal)
* հանդիպաբլուր (handipablur)
* հանդիպական (handipakan)
* հանդիպահայեաց (handipahayeacʻ)
* հանդիպանամ (handipanam)
* հանդիպաւորութիւն (handipaworutʻiwn)
* հանդիպեմ (handipem)
* հանդիպեցուցանեմ (handipecʻucʻanem)
* հանդիպիմ (handipim)
* հանդիպող (handipoł)
* հանդիպողաբար (handipołabar)
* հանդիպողութիւն (handipołutʻiwn)
* հանդիպութիւն (handiputʻiwn)
* հանդիպումն (handipumn)
* հաւասարահանդէպ (hawasarahandēp)
* նաւահանդէպ (nawahandēp)
* շարահանդիպեմ (šarahandipem)
* քաջահանդէպ (kʻaǰahandēp)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: հանդեպ (handep)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հանդէպ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “հանդէպ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “հանդէպ”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# islamização
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From islamizar +‎ -ção.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃w̃/ [iz.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]
* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃w̃/ [iz.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʒ.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃w̃/ [iʒ.la.mi.zaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]
* (Portugal) IPA: /iʒ.lɐ.mi.zɐˈsɐ̃w̃/

### Noun

islamização f (plural islamizações)
* (sociology) Islamization (the conversion of a society to Islam)

#### Related terms

* islamismo
* islamizado
* islamizador
* islamizante
* islamizar
* islão

#### Further reading

* “islamização”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# keying
## English
### Verb

keying
* present participle and gerund of key

### Noun

keying (plural keyings)
* In the sociology of Erving Goffman, an action or utterance that signals the meaning of interaction to participants.
* The input of text or data by means of a keyboard.
* A form of vandalism performed by scratching paint with a key

#### Derived terms

* downkeying
* frequency shift keying
* frequency-shift keying
* phase shift keying
* phase-shift keying
* upkeying

### See also

* miskeying
# quietistico
## Italian
### Etymology

From quietismo (“quietism”) +‎ -istico (“-istic”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kwjeˈti.sti.ko/
* Rhymes: -istiko
* Hyphenation: quie‧tì‧sti‧co

### Adjective

quietistico (feminine quietistica, masculine plural quietistici, feminine plural quietistiche)
* quietistic

#### Related terms

* quiete
* quietismo
* quietista
# dialing
## English
### Alternative forms

* (UK, etc.) dialling

### Verb

dialing
* present participle and gerund of dial

### Noun

dialing (plural dialings)
* The act by which a number is dialed.
** 2008 April 12, Edward Wyatt, “As Callers, ‘Idol’ Fans Often Lack Real Talent”, in New York Times‎:Even with that many votes, a few thousand errant dialings could affect the results.
* (archaic) The art of constructing dials.
* The science of measuring time by use of a dial.
* A method of surveying, especially in mines, in which the bearings of the courses, or the angles which they make with each other, are determined by means of the circumferentor; the use of a miner's dial.

#### Derived terms

* decadic dialing
* decadic dialling
* demon dialing
* dialling code
* dialling tone
* loop disconnect dialing
* pulse dialling
* rotary dialing
* tone dialling
* touch-tone dialling

### Anagrams

* gliadin
# szónok
## Hungarian
### Etymology

szó (“word”) +‎ -nok, created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsoːnok]
* Hyphenation: szó‧nok
* Rhymes: -ok

### Noun

szónok (plural szónokok)
* speaker, orator, rhetor

#### Derived terms

* szónoklat
* szónokol

### Further reading

* szónok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# csend
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃɛnd]
* Rhymes: -ɛnd

### Etymology 1

Back-formation from csendes.

#### Alternative forms

* csönd

#### Noun

csend (plural csendek)
* silence, stillness, hush
    Csend legyen! ― Silence!
    Ahogy belépett, hirtelen csend ülte meg a szobát. ― When he entered, a hush came over the room.
* quietness, calmness
    Synonyms: nyugalom, béke

##### Derived terms

* csendes
* atomcsend
* csendélet
* csendháborítás
* csendőr
* csendrendelet
* csendszerető
* kampánycsend
* szélcsend

### Etymology 2

csen +‎ -d

#### Alternative forms

* csenjed

#### Verb

csend
* second-person singular subjunctive present definite of csen

### Further reading

* csend in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* csend in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# vocational
## English
### Etymology

From vocation +‎ -al.

### Adjective

vocational
* Of or pertaining to a vocation.
* (of education) That provides a special skill rather than academic knowledge.

#### Derived terms

* nonvocational
* prevocational
* vocational education
* vocationalism
* vocationalist
* vocationally
* vocational school
# pitching
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɪt͡ʃ.ɪŋ/

### Verb

pitching
* present participle and gerund of pitch
    As the pilot fought the hijackers for control the aeroplane was pitching wildly.

#### See also

* pitching a tent

### Noun

pitching (countable and uncountable, plural pitchings)
* The act of throwing or casting.
    wild pitching in baseball
* The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.
** c. 1874, Henry Mayhew, London Characters:All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones
* (engineering) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents.

#### Derived terms

* defense-independent pitching statistics
* pitching piece
* pitching wedge

### References

* “pitching”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# האָפֿן
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Middle High German hoffen, from Old High German *hoffōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɔfn̩/

### Verb

האָפֿן • (hofn) (past participle געהאָפֿט (gehoft))
* (intransitive) to hope
    לאָמיר האָפֿן אויף אַ בעסערן מאָרגןlomir hofn oyf a besern morgnLet's hope for a better tomorrow.

#### Usage notes

The sense "to hope for" is translated with האָפֿן אויף, and "to hope to" with האָפֿן צו.

#### Related terms

* האָפֿנטלעך (hofntlekh)
* האָפֿענונג (hofenung)
* האָפֿענונגפֿול (hofenungful)
* האָפֿערדיק (hoferdik)
* פֿאַרהאָפֿן (farhofn)
# desbaratar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From des- +‎ baratar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [dəz.bə.ɾəˈta]
* IPA: (Valencia) [dez.ba.ɾaˈtaɾ]

### Verb

desbaratar (first-person singular present desbarato, first-person singular preterite desbaratí, past participle desbaratat)
* (transitive) to spoil, to ruin
    Synonym: desfer
* (transitive) to wreck, destroy
* (transitive) to rout
    Synonym: derrotar
* (transitive) to disassemble
    Synonym: descompondre
* (pronominal) (of a thing) to become faulty; (of a person) to become unbalanced

#### Derived terms

* desbarat
* desbaratador
* desbaratament
* desbaratat

### Further reading

* “desbaratar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From des- +‎ baratar. Compare Sicilian sbarattari.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /dez.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [dez.ba.ɾaˈta(h)], /d͡ʒiz.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiz.ba.ɾaˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /dez.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [dez.ba.ɾaˈta(h)], /d͡ʒiz.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiz.ba.ɾaˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /dez.ba.ɾaˈta(ɾ)/, /d͡ʒiz.ba.ɾaˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /deʒ.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [deʒ.ba.ɾaˈta(χ)], /d͡ʒiʒ.ba.ɾaˈta(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiʒ.ba.ɾaˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /dez.ba.ɾaˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨʒ.bɐ.ɾɐˈtaɾ/ [dɨʒ.βɐ.ɾɐˈtaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨʒ.bɐ.ɾɐˈtaɾ/ [dɨʒ.βɐ.ɾɐˈtaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨʒ.bɐ.ɾɐˈta.ɾi/ [dɨʒ.βɐ.ɾɐˈta.ɾi]

### Verb

desbaratar (first-person singular present desbarato, first-person singular preterite desbaratei, past participle desbaratado)
* (transitive) to squander, to dissipate
* (transitive) to disperse
* (transitive) defeat
* (transitive) to destroy
* (transitive) to mess up, to disorder
* (transitive) to sell cheaply
* (reflexive) to become ruined
* (reflexive) to disperse
* (reflexive) to get disordered, to get messed up

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.
$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### References

* “desbaratar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “desbaratar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From des- +‎ baratar (“to barter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /desbaɾaˈtaɾ/ [d̪ez.β̞a.ɾaˈt̪aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: des‧ba‧ra‧tar

### Verb

desbaratar (first-person singular present desbarato, first-person singular preterite desbaraté, past participle desbaratado)
* to ruin, destroy
* to spoil
* to rout

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* desbaratamiento

### Further reading

* “desbaratar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# desesperar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From des- +‎ esperar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [də.zəs.pəˈɾa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [de.zes.peˈɾaɾ]
* Homophone: desesperà
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

desesperar (first-person singular present desespero, first-person singular preterite desesperí, past participle desesperat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* (transitive) to cause to despair, to deprive of hope
* (intransitive) to despair [with de ‘of’]
* (pronominal) to despair, to lose hope
    (43 BC–17 AD), Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses
    Havent donat mort Ciparis al seu cérvol favorit, es desesperà i fou transformat en xiprer. («Cyparissus having killed his favorite deer, he fell into despair and transformed in a cypress tree.»)

#### Derived terms

* desesperació
* desesperança
* desesperat

### Further reading

* “desesperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From des- +‎ esperar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /de.zis.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.zis.peˈɾa(h)], /de.zes.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.zes.peˈɾa(h)], /d͡ʒi.zis.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zis.peˈɾa(h)], /d͡ʒi.zes.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zes.peˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /de.zis.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.zis.peˈɾa(h)], /de.zes.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.zes.peˈɾa(h)], /d͡ʒi.zis.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zis.peˈɾa(h)], /d͡ʒi.zes.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zes.peˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /de.zis.peˈɾa(ɾ)/, /de.zes.peˈɾa(ɾ)/, /d͡ʒi.zis.peˈɾa(ɾ)/, /d͡ʒi.zes.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /de.ziʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.ziʃ.peˈɾa(χ)], /de.zeʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [de.zeʃ.peˈɾa(χ)], /d͡ʒi.ziʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.ziʃ.peˈɾa(χ)], /d͡ʒi.zeʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zeʃ.peˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /de.zes.peˈɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɨʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɨʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɨʃ.pɨˈɾa.ɾi/
* (Portugal) IPA: [d͡zʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ]
* Hyphenation: de‧ses‧pe‧rar

### Verb

desesperar (first-person singular present desespero, first-person singular preterite desesperei, past participle desesperado)
* to despair (to despair of)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* desperar (obsolete)

### Etymology

From des- +‎ esperar. Cf. also the old form desperar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /desespeˈɾaɾ/ [d̪e.ses.peˈɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: de‧ses‧pe‧rar

### Verb

desesperar (first-person singular present desespero, first-person singular preterite desesperé, past participle desesperado)
* (transitive) to despair, exasperate
* (reflexive) to despair (be driven to despair)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* desesperación
* desesperado
* desesperante

### Further reading

* “desesperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# salice
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* salce, salcio

### Etymology

From Latin salix, from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.li.t͡ʃe/
* Rhymes: -alitʃe
* Hyphenation: sà‧li‧ce

### Noun

salice m (plural salici)
* willow (tree of the genus Salix; the wood of this tree)

#### Derived terms

* salice bianco
* salice da vimini
* salice piangente
* salicile
* salicina
* salicineo
* salicone

#### Related terms

* saliceto

### Anagrams

* Sacile, scalei, selcia

## Latin
### Noun

salice
* ablative singular of salix
# ĥaosigi
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From ĥaoso +‎ -igi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [xaosˈiɡi]
* Rhymes: -iɡi
* Hyphenation: ĥa‧os‧i‧gi

### Verb

ĥaosigi (present ĥaosigas, past ĥaosigis, future ĥaosigos, conditional ĥaosigus, volitive ĥaosigu)
* (transitive) to make chaotic

#### Related terms

* ĥaosa
* ĥaosi
* ĥaoso
# kabur
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* kaboer (pre-1947)

### Etymology

Reconstructed as ke- +‎ abur, awur, inherited from Malay kabur, from Classical Malay kabur, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓur, *ɓur (“dark, night”). Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦧꦸꦂ (kabur, “to get blown away; gone, vanished”), ꦲꦧꦸꦂ (abur, “flight through the air”), ꦏꦮꦸꦂ (kawur, “dispersed, scattered”), ꦲꦮꦸꦂ (awur, “to do haphazardly or without basis”), and Old Javanese awur (“confused, mixed up together, hard to distinguish clearly”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.bʊr/
* Rhymes: -bʊr, -ʊr, -r
* Hyphenation: ka‧bur

### Adjective

kabur
* Vague, ambiguous.
* Blurred, blurry (of a vision).

#### Derived terms

* kekabur-kaburan
* kekaburan
* mengabur
* mengaburkan
* pengabur
* pengaburan
* kabur garam

### Noun

kabur (plural kabur-kabur)
* A haze; slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particulates.
    Synonyms: jerebu, jerubu

### Verb

kabur
* To flee, escape; to run away.

### Further reading

* “kabur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (Johor) IPA: /ˈkabor/ [ˈka.bor]
* (Baku, Riau-Lingga) IPA: /ˈkabur/ [ˈka.bur]

### Adjective

kabur (Jawi spelling کابور)
* ambiguous; hazy; unclear
* blurred; blurry (of vision or photograph)
    Synonyms: samar-samar, kelam, redam
* vague (of speech, writing)
* not fully known; obscure
    Synonym: samar-samar
* cloudy; overcast
    Synonym: mendung

### Further reading

* “kabur” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.