# 惑

| 惑 | U+60D1, &#24785; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60D1 |
| ← 惐 [U+60D0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惒 → [U+60D2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

惑 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一心 (IMP), four-corner 5333$_0$, composition ⿱或心)

#### Derived characters

* 𰈪, 𤏘, 𪏤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 390, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10789
* Dae Jaweon: page 725, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2309, character 9
* Unihan data for U+60D1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 幗 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 慖 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 簂 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 蔮 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 國 | *kʷɯːɡ |
| 或 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 惑 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 蜮 | *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 閾 | *qʰʷrɯɡ |
| 緎 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 淢 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 域 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 罭 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 棫 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 琙 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 魊 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 馘 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 聝 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 膕 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 摑 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 漍 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 嘓 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 蟈 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 掝 | *qʰʷrɯːɡ |
| 彧 | *qʷrɯɡ |
| 稶 | *qʷɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷɯːɡ) : phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waak$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hĕ̤k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): he̍k / hia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waak$^6$
*** Yale: waahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hĕ̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /høyʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
*** Tâi-lô: hi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: hia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /hok̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: hwok
Rime :
| Character | 惑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (132) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡國切 |
| Baxter | hwok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 惑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁək/ |
| English | deceive |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5549 |
| Phonetic component | 或 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 或 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷɯːɡ/ |

### Definitions

惑
* confused; puzzled; deluded
    大惑不解 ― dàhuòbùjiě ― much confused, unable to explain
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐ yuē: “Zhī zhě bù huò, rén zhě bù yōu, yǒng zhě bù jù.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "The wise are not confused, the benevolent do not worry, and the brave do not fear.
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Sān rén xíng ér yī rén huò, suǒ shì zhě yóu kě zhì yě, huò zhě shào yě; èr rén huò zé láo ér bù zhì, huò zhě shèng yě; ér jīn yě yǐ tiānxià huò. [Pinyin]
    If three people walk and one of them is deluded, they can still reach the place they are heading for; the deluded are in the minority. If two [of the three] are deluded, they will toil but never arrive; the deluded are in the majority. And today, All Under Heaven is deluded.
* to confuse; to delude; to mislead
    妖言惑眾／妖言惑众 ― yāoyánhuòzhòng ― to speak deceit and delude the masses
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Cǐ liù zǐ zhě, shì zhī suǒ gāo yě, shú lùn zhī, jiē yǐ lì huò qí zhēn ér qiáng fǎn qí qíngxìng, qí xíng nǎi shèn kě xiū yě! [Pinyin]
    These six lords are those who are honored by the world. Carefully consider them. They all muddled their genuineness for the sake of profit, and forced themselves to turn away from their inherent nature. Their actions are really to be ashamed of!
* (literary) to infatuate; to be obsessed with, to be infatuated with
* (Buddhism) sensory delusion

### Compounds

* 不惑 (bùhuò)
* 了然不惑
* 二惑
* 二缶鐘惑 / 二缶钟惑
* 困惑 (kùnhuò)
* 困惑不解
* 大惑
* 大惑不解 (dàhuòbùjiě)
* 妖術惑眾 / 妖术惑众
* 妖言惑眾 / 妖言惑众 (yāoyánhuòzhòng)
* 媚惑
* 年屆不惑 / 年届不惑
* 心旌搖惑 / 心旌摇惑
* 惑世盜名 / 惑世盗名
* 惑亂 / 惑乱 (huòluàn)
* 惑志 (huòzhì)
* 惑星 (huòxīng)
* 惑溺
* 惑眾 / 惑众 (huòzhòng)
* 惑突
* 惑術 / 惑术
* 惶惑 (huánghuò)
* 投杼之惑
* 智者不惑
* 構詞惑眾 / 构词惑众
* 欺世惑俗
* 流言惑眾 / 流言惑众
* 淆惑 (xiáohuò)
* 炫惑
* 熒惑 / 荧惑 (yínghuò)
* 煽惑 (shānhuò)
* 狐惑 (húhuò)
* 疑惑 (yíhuò)
* 眩惑
* 知者不惑
* 聽讒惑亂 / 听谗惑乱
* 蠱惑 / 蛊惑 (gǔhuò)
* 蠱惑人心 / 蛊惑人心
* 解惑 (jiěhuò)
* 訛言惑眾 / 讹言惑众
* 誘惑 / 诱惑 (yòuhuò)
* 誘惑力 / 诱惑力 (yòuhuòlì)
* 誘惑色 / 诱惑色
* 謠言惑眾 / 谣言惑众
* 辨惑
* 迷惑 (míhuò)
* 迷惑不解
* 迷迷惑惑
* 造言惑眾 / 造言惑众
* 造謠惑眾 / 造谣惑众 (zàoyáo huòzhòng)
* 魅惑 (mèihuò)
* 鼓惑 (gǔhuò)

### References

* Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* beguile

#### Readings

* Go-on: わく (waku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こく (koku)
* Kun: まどう (madou, 惑う, Jōyō)、まどわす (madowasu, 惑わす)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 惑 (MC hwok).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅬᆨ〮 (Yale: hhwóyk) | ᅘᅬᆨ〮 (Yale: hhwóyk) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷo̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [혹]

### Hanja

Wikisource 惑 (eumhun 미혹할 혹 (mihokhal hok))
* hanja form of 혹 (“to beguile; to captivate”) [verbal stem]
* hanja form of 혹 (“confusion”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 불혹 (不惑, bulhok)
* 혹세무민 (惑世誣民, hoksemumin)
* 유혹 (誘惑, yuhok)
* 미혹 (迷惑, mihok)
* 의혹 (疑惑, uihok)
* 현혹 (眩惑, hyeonhok)
* 현혹적 (眩惑的, hyeonhokjeok)
* 매혹 (魅惑, maehok)
* 매혹적 (魅惑的, maehokjeok)
* 고혹 (蠱惑, gohok)
* 고혹적 (蠱惑的, gohokjeok)
* 편혹 (偏惑, pyeonhok)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惑: Hán Nôm readings: hoặc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Derived terms

* 眩惑 (huyễn hoặc)
* 迷惑 (mê hoặc)