# tro
## English
### Etymology

From Khmer ទ្រ (trɔɔ).

### Noun

tro (plural tros)
* A type of spike fiddle made from traditionally used in Cambodia and played vertically.

### See also

* tro tro

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan tro, from Vulgar Latin *tronus, a noun based on Vulgar Latin *tronāre, modification of Latin tonāre (“to thunder”) (with the additional /r/ perhaps by analogy with *tronitus, metathesis of tonitrus). Compare Spanish trueno, Portuguese trom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtɾɔ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tro m (plural trons)
* thunder

#### Related terms

* tronar

### References

* “tro”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “tro” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “tro” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “tro” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Champenois
### Alternative forms

* (Rémois) treu

### Numeral

tro
* (Langrois) three

### References

* Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎ (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /troːˀ/, [ˈtsʁo̰ː], [ˈtˢʁ̥oˀ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Danish tro, late Old Norse trú, either a native derivation from the verb or borrowed from Middle Low German trouwe, trūwe, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō (“fidelity, pledge”), cognate with English truce, German Treue (“loyalty”).

#### Noun

tro c (singular definite troen, not used in plural form)
* belief
* confidence
* trust
* faith
    Ingen kultur eller civilisation uden tro på guder. ― No culture or civilization without faith in gods.

##### See also

* tro on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

#### References

* ↑ https://udtaleordbog.dk/search.php?s=tro&std=IPA

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse trúa, from Proto-Germanic *trūwāną (“to trust”), cognate with English trow and German trauen. Derived from the adjective *trūaz (“trustful”), see below.

#### Verb

tro (past tense troede, past participle troet)
* to believe
* to think

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Old Norse trúr, from Proto-Germanic *trūaz (“trustful”), related to Proto-Germanic *trewwaz (“loyal, trustworthy”).

#### Adjective

tro (neuter tro, plural and definite singular attributive tro)
* faithful
* true
* loyal
* accurate, close

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from French trop, ultimately of Frankish origin. Compare Italian troppo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tro]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: tro

### Adverb

tro
* too much
    Antonym: maltro
    nek tro nek maltro ― neither too much nor too little

#### Derived terms

* troa; maltroa
* troaĵo; maltroaĵo
* trodozo
* troege, troe; maltroege
* troete; maltroete
* troiga; maltroiga
* troige; maltroige
* troigi; maltroigi
* troigo; maltroigo
* troiĝi; maltroiĝi
* trouzi

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tro
* era, period, generation

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto tro, French trop, Italian troppo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tro/

### Adverb

tro
* too (much)
    Elua filiino irus, ma la voyo esas tro longa. ― Her daughter would go, but the road is too long.

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

Inherited from French trop (“too much”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾo/
* Rhymes: -o

### Adverb

tro
* too much
    Synonym: tro bokou

## Norman
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse trog.

### Noun

tro m (plural tros)
* (Jersey) kneading trough
    Synonym: tro à pain

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtruː], [ˈtɾuː], [ˈtʁuː]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse trú (noun), trúa (verb), and trúr (adjective).

#### Alternative forms

* tru

#### Adjective

tro (indeclinable)
* faithful, loyal
    Antonym: utro
    Han har troa på at det skal gå bra.He is faithful that it will go well.

##### Derived terms

* naturtro
* troskap

#### Noun

tro f or m (definite singular troa or troen, uncountable)
* belief, faith
* trust, confidence

##### Derived terms

* folketro
* gudstro
* overtro
* troverdig

#### Verb

tro (present tense tror, past tense trodde, past participle trodd, present participle troende)
* to think, believe
* to imagine, suppose
* to have faith

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Alternative forms

* trådde, trådte

#### Verb

tro
* simple past of trå

### References

* “tro” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse þró. Akin to obsolete English through.

#### Noun

tro f (definite singular troa, indefinite plural trør, definite plural trørne)
* an oblong trough to give livestock drink and fodder
* (especially in compounds) a wooden water drain

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse tróð.

#### Noun

tro n (definite singular troet, uncountable)
* (collective) woodwork roofing
* (collective) stakes

##### Related terms

* troe

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse trǫð, same as trø.

#### Noun

tro f (definite singular troa, indefinite plural troer, definite plural troene)
* a place or location that is literally downtrodden

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Alternative forms

* trod (non-standard since 2012)

#### Verb

tro
* (non-standard since 2012) past tense of tre, treda and trede
* (non-standard since 2012) past tense of trå

### References

* “tro” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* ort, rot, ròt, tor, Tor

## Old French
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *traucum (“hole”) (compare Late Latin traugum in the Capitularies of Charlemagne). Further origin uncertain. Possibly of Germanic or Celtic origin. Compare German Trog (“trough”), English trug, trough, all from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.

### Noun

tro oblique singular, m (oblique plural tros, nominative singular tros, nominative plural tro)
* hole (gap in something)

#### Descendants

* French: trou

### References

* Etymology and history of “trou”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from French trop.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɾo/
* Rhymes: -o

### Adverb

tro
* (Rio Grande do Sul, obsolete) too, too much
    Synonym: demasiado

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* troimh, treimh, thro, throimh

### Etymology

From Old Irish tremi, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trimo-, *trei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ʰɾɔ/
* (Harris, Uist, Barra) IPA: /ɾɔ/, [ɾɔ̝] (corresponding to the form thro)

### Preposition

tro (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article tron)
* through

#### Derived terms

* troimh-a-chèile

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1940) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. I: The dialects of the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, page 231
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /truː/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish trō, from Old Norse trú, from Proto-Germanic *trūwō.

#### Noun

tro c (uncountable)
* belief (that something is true or real (without being perfectly certain))
    Min tro är att han är skyldigMy belief is that he's guilty
    hennes tro på tomtenher belief in Santa Claus
* belief, faith, trust (thinking that someone is reliable or telling the truth)
    blind tro på auktoriteterblind faith in authorities
* belief, faith (thinking that someone or something will or has the capacity to do well or turn out well)
    Jag vill känna tro på framtidenI want to have faith in the future
** 1996, Marie Fredriksson (lyrics and music), “Tro [Faith]”, in I en tid som vår [In a time like ours]‎:Tro. Jag vill känna tro. Jag vill känna morgondagen nalkas här i lugn och ro.Faith [ambiguous, but likely faith in the future going on the rest of the lyrics]. I want to feel faith. I want to feel tomorrow approaching [in, not to] here with peace of mind (in peace and tranquility).
* religious faith
    den kristna tronthe Christian faith
    vara stark i tronbe strong in the faith
    Ingen kultur eller civilisation utan tro på gudarNo culture or civilization without faith in gods
* (dated) allegiance
    svära konungen tro och lovenswear allegiance to the king

##### Usage notes

The base meaning is belief (compare the verb below). Swedish does not use a separate word for religious faith. Context dictates whether religious faith, belief in something else, or for example faith in the future (belief that the future will turn out okay) is meant.

##### Related terms

* god tro
* ond tro
* trofast
* trohet
* trosfrihet
* troslära
* trossamfund

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish trōa, trōa, from Old Norse trúa, from Proto-Germanic *trūwāną.

#### Verb

tro (present tror, preterite trodde, supine trott, imperative tro)
* to believe, (in the sense of "to believe") to think (think that something is true or real (without being perfectly certain))
    Jag tror han skulle komma vid sextidenI think he was going to come around six o'clock
    Hon trodde att Oslo var Danmarks huvudstadShe thought that Oslo was the capital of Denmark
    Hon tror fortfarande på tomtenShe still believes in Santa Claus
    Det har trotts mycket kring den här utvecklingen, men det har inte varit fastslaget i data vad som verkligen håller på att ske – förrän nuMuch has been speculated ("believed") concerning this development, but it hasn't been proven by data what really is happening – until now
    tro alla om gottthink well of everybody
    tro något om någonbelieve something of someone
* to believe, to trust (someone) (think that they are telling the truth)
    Jag tror digI believe you
    Jag tror dig inteI don't believe you
** 1987, Di Leva (lyrics and music), “Vem ska jag tro på? [Who should I trust?]”, in Vem ska jag tro på?‎:Vem ska jag tro på, tro på, tro på när, tro på när allt är så här?Who should I trust, trust, trust when, trust when everything's like this?
* to believe (in) (think that someone or something will or has the capacity to do well or turn out well)
    tro på någonbelieve in someone
    tro på framtidenhave faith in the future
** 1994, Uno Svenningsson (lyrics and music), “Tro På Varann [Believe In Each Other]”, in Uno‎, performed by Uno Svenningsson and Eva Dahlgren:Du. Jag vill att vi tror på varann.You [or "Hey," as a kind of vocative]. I want us to believe in each other.
* to have religious faith
    Tvivla inte utan tro!Doubt not, believe!
    Tror du på Gud?Do you believe in God?
    – Vi tror han är skyldig. – Tror? Tro får man göra i kyrkan.– We believe he is guilty. – Believe? Believing is for church ("Believe may one do in church"). (common jocular quip)

##### Related terms

* troende
* trolig
* tro't
* trovärdig

#### See also

* tycka ("think" in the sense of "be of the opinion")
* tänka ("think" in the sense of "think to oneself, have a thought (process) in one's head")

### References

* tro in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tro in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tro in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Tor, ort, rot

## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (Northern Vietnam) gio

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *p-lɔː.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕɔ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʈɔ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʈɔ˧˧]
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Noun

tro • (𤊣, 𤉓, 𪿙, 𤉕, 𬊐, 炭, 烣, 爐)
* ash (solid remains of a fire)

#### See also

* bôi tro trét trấu
* nước tro
* tro bụi
* tro tàn
* tro trấu
* xám tro

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /troː/
* Rhymes: -oː

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *tro, related to Middle Breton tro and middle Cornish tro. The ultimate origin is unclear; sometimes said to be from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía, “Troy”), referring to the city's maze-like walls, but this could just be a similarity enforced by folk etymology. It could instead be from corruptions of troed (“foot”), Latin torqueo (“I turn”), or Latin tropus/Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”). Also compare French troller (“to stroll, drag, wander about”). More at Caerdroia.

#### Noun

tro m (plural troeon or troeau or troau)
* bend, turn, curve
    Synonyms: osgo, troad, ystum
* twist, kink
    tro yn y gynffon ― twist in the tale
* turn, go
    fy nhro i ― my turn
    dy dro di ― your turn
* time
    yr ail dro ― the second time
    y tro diwethaf ― last time
* lap (of a race)
* walk (as recreation or exercise)
    mynd am dro ― to go for a walk

##### Derived terms

* am dro (“for now, for the time being”)
* am dro byd (“for a long time”)
* am fyr dro (“in a short time, very soon, in a jiffy”)
* am y tro (“for the now”)
* ar dro (“in turns, alternately, occasionally; on a walk, on one's way”)
* ar y tro (“at a time”)
* dros dro (“temporary, temporarily”)
* o dro i dro (“from time to time, occasionally”)
* rhoi dau dro am (“to run rings around”)
* tro pedol (“U-turn”)
* trofwrdd (“turntable”)
* y tro yma (“this time”)

##### Related terms

* troi

#### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tro”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Biology and Human Affairs. (1975). United Kingdom: British Social Biology Council, p. 66
* ↑ Lindsay, J. (1963). A Short History of Culture, from Prehistory to the Renaissance. United States: Citadel Press, p. 126
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “treget-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
* ↑ Worcester, J. E. (1910). Worcester's Academic Dictionary: A New Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. United States: Lippincott, p. 551

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

tro
* inflection of troi:
** third-person singular present subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.