# تیمار
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تیمار (timâr, “care, nurture”), itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (tymʾl /⁠tēmār⁠/).

### Noun

تیمار • (timar) (definite accusative تیماری (timarı), plural تیمارلر (timarlar))
* care, especially any kind of care and attentive service rendered to a helpless or needy man or beast, as attending the sick, feeding the feeble, cleaning an animal, etc.
* (historical) timar, a kind of Ottoman Empire fief granted by the Sultan to a spahi in exchange for his cavalryman service and cultivated by villeins who leased it from him

#### Derived terms

* تیمار ایتمك (timar etmek, “to attend to what needs help”)
* تیمار سپاهیسی (timar sipahisi, “Timariot”)
* تیمار صاحبی (timar sâhibi, “Timariot”)
* تیمارجی (timarcı, “Timariot”)
* تیمارخانه (timarhâne, “mental asylum”)
* تیمارسز (timarsız, “neglected”)
* تیمارلق (timarlık, “quantity of land contained in a timar”)
* تیمارلمق (timarlamak, “to attend to what needs help”)
* تیمارلنمق (timarlanmak, “to be attended to”)
* تیمارلو (timarlı, “cared for”)
* تیماری (timarî, “feudal”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tımar
* → Albanian: timar
* → Arabic: تِيمَار (tīmār, “timar”) – in Egypt and the Sudan in the 19th century tamar, meaning a hospital; now only تَمَرْجِيّ (tamargi, “medical orderly”)
* → Armenian: թիմար (tʻimar)
* → Bulgarian: тима́р (timár)
* → English: timar
* → Macedonian: тимар (timar)
* → Serbo-Croatian: tìmār / тѝма̄р
* → Spanish: timar

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “تیمار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 508
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tımar2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4805
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “تیمار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 172b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تیمار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 421
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Curatio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 313
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تیمار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1508
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tımar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تیمار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 619
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “تیمار”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 334a

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (tymʾl /⁠tēmār⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [teː.ˈmɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰi.mɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰiː.mɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰi.mɔ́ɾ]

### Noun

تیمار • (timâr)
* care; nurture; provision
** c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎:گروهی را سراییان می‌گفتند و پیادگان بودند از هر ولایتی آمده بودند و ایشان را سپاهسالاری باشد جداگانه که تیمار ایشان دارد و ایشان هر قومی به سلاح ولایت خویش کار کنند، ده هزار مرد بودند.gurōhē rā sarāyīyān mē-guftand u pīyādagān būdand az har wilāyatē āmada būdand u ēšān rā sipāhsālārē bāšad judāgāna ki tēmār-e ēšān dārad u ēšān har qawmē ba silāh-i wilāyat-i xwēš kār kunand, dah hazār mard būdand.One group was called the Sarāyīs. They were infantrymen who had come from every country, and they had a separate general who took care of them. Every nation of them fought with the weapons of their own country. They were ten thousand men.
* grief; anxiety
* (historical) timar (Ottoman land grant)

#### Derived terms

* بوتیمار (butimâr, “bittern”)
* تیمارستان (timârestân, “hospital; insane asylum”)