OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# фотограф
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fotoˈɡraf]

### Noun

фотогра́ф • (fotográf) m
* photographer

#### Related terms

* фотогра́фия (fotográfija)

### References

* “фотограф”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “фотограф”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | فوتوگراف |
| Cyrillic | фотограф |
| Latin | fotograf |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian фото́граф (fotógraf), from French photographe.

### Noun

фотограф • (fotograf)
* photographer

#### Declension
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɔtɔɡraf]
* IPA: [fɔtɔˈɡraf] (nonstandard, common)

### Noun

фотограф • (fotograf) m (relational adjective фотографски)
* photographer

#### Declension
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* фото́графъ (fotógraf) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fɐˈtoɡrəf]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

фото́граф • (fotógraf) m anim (genitive фото́графа, nominative plural фото́графы, genitive plural фото́графов)
* photographer (male or female)

#### Related terms

* фотогра́фия (fotográfija)
* фотографи́ческий (fotografíčeskij)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fotǒɡraf/
* Hyphenation: фо‧то‧граф

### Noun

фото̀граф m (Latin spelling fotògraf)
* photographer

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Derived via Western European languages from Ancient Greek φωτός (phōtós), genitive singular of φῶς (phôs, “light”) (fōs) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fɔˈtɔɦrɐf]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

фото́граф • (fotóhraf) m pers (genitive фото́графа, nominative plural фото́графи, genitive plural фото́графів)
* photographer

#### Related terms

* фотографі́чний (fotohrafíčnyj)
* фотогра́фія f (fotohráfija)
* фотографува́ти impf (fotohrafuváty), сфотографува́ти pf (sfotohrafuváty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “фотограф”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “фотограф”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “фотограф”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “фотограф”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# dușmăni
## Romanian
### Etymology

From dușman (“enemy”) +‎ -i, from Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen) (Turkish düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman). Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [duʃməˈni]

### Verb

a dușmăni (third-person singular present dușmănește, past participle dușmănit) 4th conjugation
* (transitive) to hate
* (reflexive, in the plural) to hate each other

#### Synonyms

* urî

#### Related terms

* dușman, dușmană
* dușmănesc
* dușmănește
* dușmănie
* dușmănit
* dușmănos
# גוט
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Middle High German guot, from Old High German guot, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz. Compare German gut, English good, Dutch goed.

### Pronunciation

* (YIVO, Northeastern) IPA: [ɡʊt]
* (Poylish) IPA: [ɡɪt]
* (Ukrainish) IPA: [ɡɨt]
* Audio (Poylish):(file)

### Adjective

גוט • (gut) (comparative בעסער (beser), superlative בעסט (best))
* good

#### Antonyms

* בייז (beyz)
* שלעכט (shlekht)

#### Derived terms

* אַ גוט יאָר (a gut yor), אַ גוטן טאָג (a gutn tog, “goodbye”)
* אַ גוטע וואָך (a gute vokh)
* אַ גוטע נאַכט (a gute nakht, “goodbye; goodnight”)
* גוט פֿאַרברענגען (gut farbrengen, “to have a good time”)
* גוט־יאָר (gut-yor, “hello”) (reply to any greeting beginning with גוט (gut))
* גוט־יום־טובֿ (gut-yontev, “hello”) (used on Jewish holidays)
* גוט־מאָרגן (gut-morgn, “good morning”)
* גוט־שבת (gut-shabes), גוט שבת (gut shabes, “hello”) (used on Saturday)
* גוטמוטיק (gutmutik, “good natured, benign”)
* גוטן־אָוונט (gutn-ovnt, “hello; good evening”)

### Interjection

גוט • (gut)
* used to signal agreement with what was just said
# mât
## Chrau
### Numeral

mât
* ten

## Emilian
### Alternative forms

* mat (Mirandola)

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: mât

### Noun

mât m (plural mât) (Modena, Reggio Emilia)
* insane

#### Synonyms

* matùs (Carpigiano)

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French mast, from Old French mast, from Early Medieval Latin mastus, from Frankish *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma/ ~ /mɑ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

mât m (plural mâts)
* (nautical) mast
* flagstaff

#### Derived terms

* mâter
* démâter

### Further reading

* “mât”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* AMT

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French mast, from Frankish *mast, from Early Medieval Latin mastus, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.

### Noun

mât m (plural mâts)
* (Jersey, nautical) mast
** 1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore‎, page 534:Cherne à la lune, jamais n'a fait amenaïr mât d'hune.A circle round the has never caused top-mast to be struck.

#### Derived terms

* mât d'artimon (“mizzen mast”)
* mât d'heune (“top-mast”)
* mât d'mîsaine, mât d'avant (“foremast”)
* mât d'pèrrotchet (“topgallant mast”)
# bygge
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse byggva, byggja, from Proto-Germanic *būwijaną (or possibly *buwwēną), cognate with Swedish bygga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /byɡə/, [ˈb̥yɡ̊ə]
* Rhymes: -yɡə

### Verb

bygge (past tense byggede, past participle bygget)
* to build, construct
* to craft

#### Derived terms

* bebygge
* bygge ind
* bygge om
* bygge op
* bygge over
* bygge på
* bygge rede
* bygge sig op
* bygge til
* byggearbejder
* byggefejl
* byggelovgivning
* byggemateriale
* byggeomkostning
* byggeopgave
* byggeplads
* byggeri
* bygning
* danskbygget
* indbygge
* klinkbygget
* nybygget
* ombygge
* opbygge
* overbygge
* Rom blev ikke bygget på en dag
* samenbygge
* udbygge
* velbygget

#### References

* “bygge” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “bygge” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse byggja.

### Verb

bygge (imperative bygg, present tense bygger, passive bygges, simple past bygde or bygget, past participle bygd or bygget)
* to build

#### Derived terms

* byggeblokk
* byggekostnad
* byggemateriale
* byggeplass
* bygger (noun)
* byggestein
* bygging
* forebygge
* innbygd, innebygd, innebygget
* innbygger
* klinkbygd, klinkbygget
* nybygd
* nybygger
* ombygd, ombygget
* Rom ble ikke bygget på en dag
* tettbygd
* underbygge
* utbygge
* velbygd, velbygget

### References

* “bygge” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

bygge (present tense bygger, past tense bygde, past participle bygt/bygd, passive infinitive byggast, present participle byggande, imperative bygg)
* Alternative form of byggja

#### Derived terms

* byggekostnad
* byggeplass
* byggestein
* innbygd, innebygd
* nybygd

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse byggja.

### Noun

bygge n
* construction site; place where a building is being erected
* something which is constructed

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | bygge | bygges |
| singular | definite | bygget | byggets |
| plural | indefinite | byggen | byggens |
| plural | definite | byggena | byggenas |

#### Derived terms

* svartbygge

#### Related terms

* bygga
* byggnad
* byggnation
# femella
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin fēmella (“girl, young woman”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fəˈme.ʎə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [feˈme.ʎa]

### Noun

femella f (plural femelles)
* female
    Antonym: mascle
* nut (type of fastener)

#### Derived terms

* afemellat (“effeminate”)
* falguera femella (“lady fern”)
* femella d'orelles (“wingnut”)
* femella papallona (“butterfly nut”)
* femellenc (“feminine”)
* femeller (“womanizing”)

### Further reading

* “femella” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “femella”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “femella” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “femella” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Latin
### Etymology

From fēmina f (“woman”) +‎ -la (feminine diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /feːˈmel.la/, [feːˈmɛlːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /feˈmel.la/, [feˈmɛlːä]

### Noun

fēmella f (genitive fēmellae); first declension (diminutive of fēmina)
* girl, young woman

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* puella f

#### Derived terms

* fēmellārius m

#### Related terms

* fēmina
* fēminātus
* fēmineus
* fēminīnē
* fēminīnus
* fēminō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: femella
* Franco-Provençal: femèla
* Old French: femele
** Middle French: femelle
*** French: femelle
**** → Romanian: femelă f
** → Middle English: femele, femaille, femal, female, femawle, femayll, femel, femelle, femmale, ffemale
*** English: female
*** Scots: female
* Norman: feunmelle
** Occitan:
          Languedocien: femèla
          Limousin: femela
          Gascon: hémia
* Piedmontese: fumela
* Romanian: femelă

### References

* “femella”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “femella”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* femella in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* femella in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* femella in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
# Debatte
## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from French débattre.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atə

### Noun

Debatte f (genitive Debatte, plural Debatten)
* debate
    Synonyms: Meinungsstreit, Meinungsauseinandersetzung, Auseinandersetzung

#### Synonyms

* Auseinandersetzung
* Aussprache
* Besprechung
* Diskurs
* Diskussion
* Disput
* Erörterung
* Kolloquium
* Konflikt
* Kontroverse
* Meinungsaustausch
* Meinungsstreit
* Meinungsverschiedenheit
* Polemik
* Rededuell
* Streit
* Streitgespräch
* Wortgefecht
* Wortwechsel

#### Derived terms

* Agrardebatte
* Asyldebatte
* Atom-Debatte
* Atomdebatte
* Auferstehungsdebatte
* Bauhausdebatte, Bauhaus-Debatte
* Bohr-Einstein-Debatte
* Brenner-Debatte
* Bundestagsdebatte
* Debattenbeitrag
* Debattenführer
* Debattenführerin
* Debattenschrift
* Dringlichkeitsdebatte
* Eintretensdebatte
* Endlosdebatte
* Evolutionismusdebatte
* Evolutionsdebatte
* Fernsehdebatte
* Feuilletondebatte
* Flüchtlingsdebatte
* Generaldebatte
* Geschlechterdebatte
* Grossratsdebatte
* Großratsdebatte
* Grundsatzdebatte
* Haushaltsdebatte
* Hippocampus-Debatte
* Huxley-Wilberforce-Debatte
* Integrationsdebatte
* Islamdebatte, Islam-Debatte
* Kapitalismusdebatte
* Ketchup-als-Gemüse-Debatte
* Klimadebatte
* Kommunismusdebatte
* Kommunitarismusdebatte
* Konversionsdebatte, Konversions-Debatte
* Kostendebatte
* Kreationismusdebatte
* Kreationsdebatte
* Kritikalitätsdebatte
* Leitkultur-Debatte
* Literaturdebatte
* Lootbox-Debatte
* Migrantendebatte
* Migrationsdebatte
* Nachfolgedebatte
* Neiddebatte
* Neo-Debatte
* Neo-Neo-Debatte
* Oberhausdebatte
* Pädophilendebatte
* Pädophiliedebatte, Pädophilie-Debatte
* Parlamentsdebatte
* Perlentaucher-Debatte
* Personaldebatte
* Präsidentschaftsdebatte
* Rassismusdebatte
* Ratsdebatte
* Reichstagsdebatte
* Religionsdebatte, Religions-Rebatte
* Rundfunkdebatte
* Sabbatdebatte, Sabbat-Debatte
* Scheindebatte
* Schlussdebatte
* Schöpfungsdebatte
* Sexismusdebatte, Sexismus-Debatte
* Sicherheitsdebatte
* Sokal-Debatte
* Sozialismusdebatte
* Standortdebatte
* Stildebatte, Stil-Debatte
* Theoriedebatte
* Trojadebatte, Troja-Debatte
* TV-Debatte
* Unterhausdebatte
* Verfassungsdebatte
* Waldheim-Debatte
* Wirtschaftsdebatte
* Wissenschaftsdebatte, Wissenschafts-Debatte
* Zuwanderungsdebatte

#### Related terms

* Debatter
* debattieren
* Debattierer

### See also

* Debattistiit (“debattistiite”)

### Further reading

* “Debatte” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Debatte” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Debatte” in Duden online
* Debatte on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# ꦥꦤꦶ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Noun

ꦥꦤꦶ (pani)
* a tool for stretching threads on a loom
* (archaic) hand
* (archaic) auricle
* (archaic) ear

#### Derived terms

* ꦥꦤꦶꦫꦝꦾꦏꦻꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦩꦺꦮꦤ꧀ (paniradya kaistimewan)

### Further reading

* The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “pani”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN
# zegen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzeːɣə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ze‧gen
* Rhymes: -eːɣən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch sēgen, from Old Dutch *segan, from Latin signum. Doublet of sein.

#### Noun

zegen m (plural zegens, diminutive zegentje n)
* blessing, benediction
    Synonym: zegening
* (figuratively) boon, anything beneficial

##### Derived terms

* bezegenen
* zegenrijk
* zegenspreuk
* zegenwens

##### Related terms

* sein
* signaal
* zegenen

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: seën
* Negerhollands: segen, zegen
* Skepi Creole Dutch: sagen
* → Sranan Tongo: seigi
** Aukan: seigi

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch sēgene, seine, from Old Dutch *segina, from Latin sagēna, from Ancient Greek σαγήνη (sagḗnē).

#### Noun

zegen f (plural zegens, diminutive zegentje n)
* a wide dragnet, used for:
** fishing and catching crustaceans
** hunting fowl, notably partridges

##### Derived terms

* elftzegen
* haringzegen
* knijtenzegen
* slootzegen
* trekzegen
* viszegen
* walzegen
* zalmzegen
* zegenaar
* zegendreef
* zegenen
* zegenkade
* zegenkleed
* zegenlijn
* zegennet
* zegenpaard
* zegenschip
* zegenstreng
* zegenvis
* zegenvisserij
* zegenworp

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

zegen
* inflection of zegenen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

#### Verb

zegen
* inflection of zijgen:
** plural past indicative
** (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

### Anagrams

* zenge
# belau
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* blau (nonstandard)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bəˈlau̯]
* Hyphenation: bê‧lau

### Etymology 1

From Dutch blauw.

#### Noun

belau (uncountable)
* a washing blue, for bluing
* (colloquial, possibly dated) blue
    Synonym: biru

##### Derived terms

* kebelauan
* membelau

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

belau (uncountable)
* threadfin shad
    Synonym: beledang
* Bloch's gizzard shad

### Further reading

* “belau” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* berlau / برلاو

### Etymology

From Dutch blauw, from Old Dutch *blāo, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bhlēw-, *bhlāw-, from Proto-Indo-European *bhel-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bəlau̯]
* Rhymes: -əlau̯, -lau̯, -au̯

### Adjective

belau (Jawi spelling بلاو)
* (Indonesia, Netherlands) blue (blue-colored)

#### Synonyms

* biru / بيرو
* nila / نيلا
* paul / ڤاءول

### Noun

belau (Jawi spelling بلاو, plural belau-belau, informal 1st possessive belauku, 2nd possessive belaumu, 3rd possessive belaunya)
* (Indonesia, Netherlands) blue (colour)
# Fresnel
## English
### Proper noun

Fresnel (plural Fresnels)
* A surname from French, notably held by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.

#### Derived terms

* Fresnel coefficient
* Fresnel equation
* Fresnel lamp
* Fresnel lantern
* Fresnel lens
* Fresnel number
* Fresnel reflection
* Fresnel rhomb
* Fresnel spot
* Fresnel zone plate
* Huygens-Fresnel principle

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁɛ.nɛl/ ~ /fʁe.nɛl/

### Proper noun

Fresnel ?
* a surname
# كمرك
## Arabic
### Noun

كُمْرُك • (kumruk) m (plural كَمَارِك (kamārik))
* alternative form of جُمْرُك (jumruk)

#### Derived terms

* كُمْرُكِيّ (kumrukiyy, “related to customs”)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* گمرك
* گومروك

### Etymology

From Byzantine Greek κομμέρκιον (kommérkion), itself from Latin commercium (“trade, commerce, exchange”).

### Noun

كمرك • (gümrük)
* custom house, customs
* customs duty, tariff
    Synonym: باج (bac)

#### Derived terms

* كمركجی (gümrükçü)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: gümrük
* → Egyptian Arabic: جمرك (gumruk)
** → Arabic: جُمْرُك (jumruk)
** → Hijazi Arabic: جمرك (jumruk)
* → Azerbaijani: gömrük
* → Crimean Tatar: gümrük
* → Persian: گمرک (gomrok)
* → Serbo-Croatian: đùmruk

### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كمرك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 4017–4018
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كمرك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1573
# μισάνθρωπος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”) +‎ ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human being”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /miː.sán.tʰrɔː.pos/ → /miˈsan.θro.pos/ → /miˈsan.θro.pos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /miː.sán.tʰrɔː.pos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /miˈsan.tʰro.pos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /miˈsan.θro.pos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /miˈsan.θro.pos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /miˈsan.θro.pos/

### Adjective

μῑσάνθρωπος • (mīsánthrōpos) m or f (neuter μῑσάνθρωπον); second declension
* misanthropic

#### Derived terms

* μῑσανθρωπίᾱ (mīsanthrōpíā)

#### Descendants

* → Basque: misantropo
* → Belarusian: мізантро́п (mizantróp)
* → Bulgarian: мизантро́п (mizantróp)
* → Catalan: misantrop
* → Czech: mizantrop
* → Danish: misantrop
* → Dutch: misantroop
* → English: misanthrope
* → Esperanto: mizantropo
* → Finnish: misantrooppi
* → French: misanthrope
* → Georgian: მიზანთროპი (mizantroṗi)
* → German: Misanthrop
* Greek: μισάνθρωπος (misánthropos)
* → Hungarian: mizantróp
* → Italian: misantropo
* → Latvian: mizantrops
* → Polish: mizantrop
* → Portuguese: misantropo
* → Romanian: mizantrop
* → Russian: мизантро́п (mizantróp)
* → Serbo-Croatian: mizàntrop
* → Slovak: mizantrop
* → Spanish: misántropo
* → Swedish: misantrop
* → Ukrainian: мізантро́п (mizantróp)

### Further reading

* μισάνθρωπος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “μισάνθρωπος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “μισάνθρωπος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. inhuman idem, page 441.misanthrope idem, page 532.misanthropic idem, page 532.unnamed idem, page 926.
# tapi'ira
## Old Tupi
### Alternative forms

Historical spellings :
| Lamy (1540) | TAPPIRE |
| Anchieta (1555) | tapiîra |
| VLB (1624) | tapijra |

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiʔir.
Cognate with Guajajára tapi'ir and Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta.piˈʔi.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -iɾa
* Hyphenation: ta‧pi‧'i‧ra

### Noun

tapi'ira (unpossessable)
* tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
    Synonyms: tapi'ireté, tapi'irusu
** 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 14v:[…] xéreimbâba tapiîra[ […] xe reîmbaba tapi'ira.]My cow.(literally, “My livestock tapir.”)
* (Late Tupi) cattle (Bos taurus)
    Synonym: tapi'irusu
    tapi'ikaba ― cow fat
** c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:Tapijra oço ogoapixara pyri […][Tapi'ira osó ogûapixara pyri […] ]The ox went near its companions.

#### Usage notes

* With the advent of colonization, Tupians used the names of similar native animals to call the unknown species brought by the Europeans. Neologisms were then created by using eté (“true”) and eŷmbaba / mimbaba (“domestic animal”) as a form to differentiate the old and new species, respectively.

#### Related terms

* tapi'ikaba
* tapi'ira'yrusu
* tapi'irapekũ
* tapi'irapé
* tapi'iraraîygûera
* tapi'irarepanakũ
* tapi'irarõana
* tapi'irerekoara
* tapi'iresá
* tapi'ireté
* tapi'irusu

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: tapiira
* → Portuguese: Tapira, tapira, tapiira
* →? French: tapir
** → English: tapir
** → German: Tapir
** → Ottoman Turkish: طاپر
*** Turkish: tapir
** → Polish: tapir
*** → Kashubian: tapir
** →? Portuguese: tapir
** →? Spanish: tapir
*** → Catalan: tapir
*** → Dutch: tapir
*** → Tagalog: tapir
** → Swedish: tapir

### References

* ↑ Jehan Lamy (c. 1540) Le langaige du breſiL [The language of Brazil]‎ (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), page 54, line 88: “TAPPIRE [Tapi'ira]”
* ↑ André Thevet (1557–1558) chapter 49, in Les singularitez de la France Antarctique [The singularities of France Antarctique] (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Maurice de La Porte, page 96: “Tapihire [Tapi'ira]”
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tapi'ira”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 462–463
* Nelson Papavero, Dante Martins Teixeira (2014) Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupian zoonymy in 16th century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 252
# ὀργασμός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

ὀργάω (orgáō) +‎ -σμός (-smós)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /or.ɡaz.mós/ → /or.ɣazˈmos/ → /or.ɣazˈmos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /or.ɡaz.mós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /or.ɡazˈmos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /or.ɣazˈmos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /or.ɣazˈmos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /or.ɣazˈmos/

### Noun

ὀργασμός • (orgasmós) m (genitive ὀργασμοῦ); second declension
* orgasm
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Humors 3

#### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: orgasme
* → Albanian: orgazmë
* → Belarusian: арга́зм (arházm)
* → Bulgarian: оргазъм (orgazǎm)
* → Czech: orgasmus
* → Danish: orgasme
* → Dutch: orgasme
** → Indonesian: orgasme
* → English: orgasm
** → Japanese: オーガズム (ōgazumu)
** → Korean: 오르가슴 (oreugaseum)
** → Welsh: orgasm
* → Estonian: orgasm
* → Faroese: orgasma
* → Finnish: orgasmi
* → Georgian: ორგაზმი (orgazmi)
* → German: Orgasmus
** → Japanese: オルガスムス (orugasumu)
* Greek: οργασμός (orgasmós)
* → Hebrew: אוֹרְגַּזְמָה (orgázma)
* → Hungarian: orgazmus
* → Northern Kurdish: orgazm
* → Latin: orgasmus
** Catalan: orgasme
** French: orgasme
** Galician: orgasmo
** Italian: orgasmo
** → Portuguese: orgasmo
** → Romanian: orgasm
** → Spanish: orgasmo
*** → Basque: orgasmo
*** → Cebuano: orgasmo
* → Latvian: orgazmas
* → Lithuanian: orgazmas
* → Macedonian: оргазам (orgazam)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: orgasme
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: orgasme
* → Persian: ارگاسم (orgâsm)
* → Polish: orgazm
* → Russian: оргазм (orgazm)
** → Armenian: օրգազմ (ōrgazm)
* → Serbo-Croatian: orgàzam
* → Slovak: orgazmus
* → Slovene: orgázəm
* → Swedish: orgasm
* → Turkish: orgazm
* → Ukrainian: оргазм (orhazm)
* → Yiddish: אָרגאַזם (orgazm)

### Further reading

* “ὀργασμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press