# laryngeal
## English
### Alternative forms

* laryngal

### Etymology

Derived from New Latin laryngeus +‎ -al, from larynx (“larynx”) +‎ -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- +‎ -al or -ial.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/, /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/, /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/, /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/, /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
* Rhymes: -ɪndʒiəl, -ɪnʒiəl, -ɪndʒəl, -iːəl

### Adjective

laryngeal (not comparable)
* (anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.
** 1871, S. G. Cook, “A Case of Hydrophobia”, in William A. Hammond, editor, The Journal of Psychological Medicine: Diseases of the Nervous System, Medical Jurisprudence and Anthropology‎, volume 5, page 83:At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.
* (phonetics, relational) (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."

#### Derived terms

* alaryngeal
* circumlaryngeal
* endolaryngeal
* epilaryngeal
* extralaryngeal
* glossolabiolaryngeal
* hyolaryngeal
* hypolaryngeal
* intralaryngeal
* laryngeal artery
* laryngealize
* laryngeally
* laryngeal nerve
* laryngeal pouch
* laryngeal prominence
* laryngeal sac
* laryngeal saccule
* microlaryngeal
* nonlaryngeal
* otolaryngeal
* perilaryngeal
* pharyngolaryngeal
* prelaryngeal
* retrolaryngeal
* sublaryngeal
* supralaryngeal, superlaryngeal
* tracheolaryngeal
* translaryngeal

#### Translations
### Noun

laryngeal (plural laryngeals)
* (anatomy) An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.
* (phonetics) A sound uttered by using the larynx.
* (Indo-European linguistics) In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as ⟨h₁⟩, ⟨h₂⟩ and ⟨h₃⟩.
** 1940, J. Alexander Kerns, Benjamin Schwartz, “The Laryngeal Hypothesis and Indo-Hittite, Indo-European Vocalism”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 60, number 2, →DOI, page 183:The vowel-coloring effects of the IH laryngeals cannot be considered apart from the vowel-reducing effect of the IH stress accent […]
** 1995, Andrew L. Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin‎, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page viii:[…] it is not only different from Buck's in the linguistics (laryngeals have seen to that); it is very different in scope and aim.
** 2006, Donald Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 15:Finally, it should be noted that laryngeals not adjacent to syllabics were apparently deleted by three different rules.

#### Usage notes

The term laryngeal in Indo-European studies is but an anachronistic misnomer, retained only because it has been established as a standard term for those three phonemes. The exact phonetic value of Proto-Indo-European laryngeals is unknown, but it's generally agreed that not all of them were real laryngeals.

#### Translations
### References

* “laryngeal”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “laryngeal”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.