# 冉

| 冉 | U+5189, &#20873; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5189 |
| ← 冈 [U+5188] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冊 → [U+518A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冉 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土月 (GB), four-corner 5055$_7$, composition ⿻冂土)

#### Derived characters

* 呥 㘱 姌 抩 𣲹 𤝫 柟 珃 䏥 畘 聃 袡 舑 蚺 㴂 䤡 䎃 𨚗 𤱣 𪓚 䶲 再 苒 爯 𡩋 寗 髯 㾆 㫋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1514
* Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 99, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5189

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 冉
* Bronze inscriptionsb14467b14468b14469b14470Small seal scripts06884Transcribed ancient scriptsL18787L18788L18789L18790
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 那 | *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls |
| 挪 | *naːl |
| 娜 | *naːlʔ |
| 柟 | *noːm, *njam, *njamʔ |
| 抩 | *noːm |
| 聃 | *n̥ʰaːm, *n̥ʰaːm |
| 舑 | *n̥ʰaːm, *njam |
| 坍 | *n̥ʰaːm |
| 髯 | *njam, *njams |
| 蚺 | *njam |
| 呥 | *njam |
| 冉 | *njam, *njamʔ |
| 袡 | *njam |
| 苒 | *njamʔ |
| 姌 | *njamʔ, *neːmʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎn (ran$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâm
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liám / jiám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riam$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^3$
*** Yale: rǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
*** Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^5$
*** Yale: yíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liám
*** Tâi-lô: liám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liam⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiám
*** Tâi-lô: jiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiarm
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziam⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: riam$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiám
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziam⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: nyem, nyemX
Rime :
| Character | 冉 | 冉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 汝鹽切 | 而琰切 |
| Baxter | nyem | nyemX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇm/ | /ȵiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛm/ | /ȵiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæm/ | /ȵʑjæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiam/ | /ȵiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛm/ | /ȵiɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛm/ | /ȵʑĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛm/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán | rǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ | jim$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njam/, /*njamʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冉 | 冉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10781 | 10784 |
| Phonetic component | 冉 | 冉 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩓾 | 冉 |
| Old Chinese | /*njam/ | /*njamʔ/ |

### Definitions

冉
* (archaic) edge of a turtle shell
* Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn).
* (obsolete) tender; weak
* a surname
    冉求 ― Rǎn Qiú ― Ran Qiu / Jan Ch‘iu (a leading disciple of Confucius)

### Compounds

* 公冉
* 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn)
* 冉弱 (rǎnruò)
* 冉有
* 冉鐮 / 冉镰
* 冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)
* 奄冉

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ねん (nen)
* Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kun: よわい (yowai)

## Korean
### Hanja

冉 (eum 염 (yeom))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冉: Hán Nôm readings: nhiễm, nhẹm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.