# 味噌
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 味噌 (miso).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèicēng, wèizēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥ, ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^6$ zang$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): mí-so͘h / mí-soh / bí-so͘h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèicēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèiceng
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-tsʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: wèi-tsēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytseng
*** Palladius: вэйцэн (vɛjcɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèizēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèizeng
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-tsêng$^1$
*** Yale: wèi-dzēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytzeng
*** Palladius: вэйцзэн (vɛjczɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^6$ zang$^1$
*** Yale: meih jāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^6$ dzang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^6$ zeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²² t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Hsinchu, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí-so͘h
*** Tâi-lô: mí-sooh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mysoq
*** IPA (Tainan): /mĩ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sɔʔ³²/
*** IPA (Yilan): /mĩ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sɔʔ²/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí-soh
*** Tâi-lô: mí-soh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mysoiq
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sɤʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /mĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ soʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí-so͘h
*** Tâi-lô: bí-sooh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bysoq
*** IPA (Lukang): /bi⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sɔʔ⁵/

### Noun

味噌
* miso (fermenting soybean paste)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 味噌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 麵豉, 麵豉醬 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 豆醬, 味噌 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 豆醬, mi-só-sí-luh |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 味噌 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 豆醬, 味噌 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 豆醬, 味噌 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 味噌 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 豆醬, 味噌 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 味噌, 日本豆醬 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 味噌 |

#### Derived terms

* 味噌湯 / 味噌汤 (wèicēngtāng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 味 | 噌 |
| み Grade: 3 | そ Jinmeiyō |
| goon | kan'yōon |
* Alternative spellings
* 未醤 味醤

### Etymology

*/misau/ → */misɔ/ → /miso/
From Old Japanese. First attested in Ritsuryō tax records from 738 CE, with the spelling 未醤.
Possibly either directly from Middle Chinese 未醬 (MC mj+jH tsjangH), or a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 未 (mi, “not yet, immature”) +‎ 醬 (sō, “sauce”, the older goon reading, from even older sau).
Vovin, however, considers it to be a borrowing from Koreanic, compare Modern Korean 메주 (meju) "brick of dried fermented soybeans."
Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *misV.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みそ [míꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [mʲiso̞]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

味(み)噌(そ) or 味噌(ミソ) • (miso)
* miso (fermented soybean paste)
* the innards of a crab or shrimp resembling miso
* the good part (from the taste of miso)
    そこがミソなんだよ。
       Soko ga miso na n da yo.
       That's the great part about it.
* Short for 味噌っ滓 (misokkasu): a good-for-nothing child
* a weakling
* a failure
    Synonyms: しくじり (shikujiri), 失敗 (shippai)

#### Derived terms

* 味噌和(みそあ)え, 味噌韲(みそあ)え (misoae)
* 味噌餡(みそあん) (misoan)
* 味噌(みそ)水(うず), 糝(みそうず) (misōzu), 味噌水(みそう) (misō)
* 味噌(みそ)買(か)い橋(ばし) (Miso Kaibashi)
* 味噌(みそ)滓(かす), 味噌(みそ)糟(かす) (miso kasu), 味噌(みそ)っ滓(かす) (misokkasu)
* 味噌(みそ)カツ (miso katsu)
* 味噌(みそ)粥(がゆ) (misogayu)
* 味噌(みそ)川(がわ) (Misogawa)
* 味噌(みそ)糞(くそ) (miso kuso)
* 味噌(みそ)蔵(ぐら) (misogura)
* 味噌気(みそけ) (misoke)
* 味噌(みそ)麹(こうじ) (miso kōji)
* 味噌漉(みそこ)し (misokoshi)
* 味噌(みそ)汁(しる) (misoshiru, “miso soup”)
* 味噌擂(みそす)り (misosuri)
* 味噌擂(みそす)り坊主(ぼうず) (misosuri bōzu)
* 味噌(みそ)煎餅(せんべい) (miso senbei)
* 味噌(みそ)玉(だま) (misodama)
* 味噌搗(みそつ)き (misotsuki)
* 味噌漬(みそづ)け, 味噌(みそ)漬(づけ) (miso-zuke)
* 味噌(ミソ)直(ナオシ) (misonaoshi)
* 味噌煮(みそに) (misoni)
* 味噌(みそ)っ歯(ぱ) (misoppa)
* 味噌(みそ)ピーナツ (miso pīnatsu)
* 味噌部屋(みそべや) (miso-beya)
* 味噌(みそ)豆(まめ) (misomame)
* 味噌(みそ)焼(やき), 味噌焼(みそや)き (misoyaki)
* 味噌(みそ)役人(やくにん) (miso yakunin)
* 味噌(みそ)用人(ようにん) (miso yōnin)
* 赤(あか)味噌(みそ) (akamiso)
* 甘(あま)味噌(みそ) (amamiso)
* 合(あわ)せ味噌(みそ), 合(あ)わせ味噌(みそ) (awasemiso)
* 田舎(いなか)味噌(みそ) (inaka miso)
* 魚(うお)味噌(みそ) (uo miso)
* 江戸(えど)味噌(みそ) (Edo miso)
* 岡崎(おかざき)味噌(みそ) (Okazaki miso)
* 落(おと)し味噌(みそ), 落(お)とし味噌(みそ) (otoshimiso)
* 牡蠣(かき)味噌(みそ) (kaki miso)
* 鰹(かつお)味噌(みそ) (katsuo miso)
* 蟹(かに)味噌(みそ) (kanimiso)
* 榧(かや)味噌(みそ) (kaya miso)
* 辛(から)味噌(みそ) (karamiso)
* 乾燥(かんそう)味噌(みそ) (kansō miso)
* 切(きり)味噌(みそ), 切(き)り味噌(みそ) (kirimiso)
* 径山寺(きんざんじ)味噌(みそ), 金山寺味噌(きんざんじみそ) (Kinzanji miso)
* 糞(くそ)味噌(みそ) (kuso miso)
* 五斗(ごと)味噌(みそ), 後藤(ごと)味噌(みそ) (goto miso)
* 粉(こな)味噌(みそ) (kona miso)
* 胡麻(ごま)味噌(みそ) (goma miso)
* 米(こめ)味噌(みそ) (kome miso)
* 西京(さいきょう)味噌(みそ) (Saikyō miso)
* 桜(さくら)味噌(みそ) (sakura miso)
* 山椒(さんしょう)味噌(みそ) (sanshō miso)
* 三年(さんねん)味噌(みそ) (sannen miso)
* 敷(しき)味噌(みそ), 敷(し)き味噌(みそ) (shikimiso)
* 生姜(しょうが)味噌(みそ) (shōga miso)
* 白(しろ)味噌(みそ) (shiromiso)
* 信州(しんしゅう)味噌(みそ) (Shinshū miso)
* 糂粏(じんだ)味噌(みそ) (jinda miso)
* 酢味噌(すみそ) (sumiso)
* 仙台(せんだい)味噌(みそ) (Sendai miso)
* 鯛(たい)味噌(みそ) (tai miso)
* 玉(たま)味噌(みそ) (tamamiso)
* 駄味噌(だみそ) (damiso)
* 垂(た)れ味噌(みそ) (taremiso)
* 鉄火(てっか)味噌(みそ) (tekka miso)
* 手味噌(てみそ) (temiso)
* 泣(なき)味噌(みそ), 泣(な)き味噌(みそ) (nakimiso)
* 生(なま)味噌(みそ) (namamiso)
* なめ味噌(みそ), 嘗(な)め味噌(みそ) (namemiso)
* 肉(にく)味噌(みそ) (niku miso)
* 糠(ぬか)味噌(みそ) (nuka miso)
* 葱(ねぎ)味噌(みそ) (negi miso)
* 練(ね)味噌(みそ), 練(ね)り味噌(みそ), 煉(ね)り味噌(みそ) (nerimiso)
* 脳(のう)味噌(みそ) (nōmiso, “brains”)
* 八丁(はっちょう)味噌(みそ) (hatchō miso)
* ピーナツ味噌(みそ) (pīnatsu miso)
* 蕗(ふき)味噌(みそ) (fukimiso)
* 袱(ふく)紗(さ)味噌(みそ) (fukusa miso)
* 朴(ほお)葉(ば)味噌(みそ) (hōba miso)
* 法論味噌(ほろみそ) (horomiso)
* 豆(まめ)味噌(みそ) (mame miso)
* 麦(むぎ)味噌(みそ) (mugi miso)
* 諸(もろ)味(み)味噌(みそ) (moromi miso)
* 焼(やき)味噌(みそ), 焼(や)き味噌(みそ) (yakimiso)
* 柚(ゆず)味噌(みそ) (yuzu miso), 柚味噌(ゆみそ) (yumiso)
* 弱(よわ)味噌(みそ) (yowamiso)

#### Idioms

* 味噌(みそ)が腐(くさ)る (miso ga kusaru)
* 味噌(みそ)を上(あ)げる (miso o ageru)
* 味噌(みそ)を擂(す)る (miso o suru)
* 味噌(みそ)を付(つ)ける (miso o tsukeru)
* 酢(す)にも味噌(みそ)にも (su ni mo miso ni mo)
* 手(て)前(まえ)味噌(みそ) (temae miso)

#### Proverbs

* 味噌(みそ)も糞(くそ)も一緒(いっしょ) (miso mo kuso mo issho), 糞(くそ)も味噌(みそ)も一緒(いっしょ) (kuso mo miso mo issho)
* 鬼(おに)味噌(みそ) (oni miso)
* 長者(ちょうじゃ)の脛(はぎ)に味噌(みそ)を塗(ぬ)る (chōja no hagi ni miso o nuru)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 味噌
* → Min Nan: Mí-sooh
* → English: miso
* → French: miso
* → German: Miso
* → Hindi: मिसो (miso)
* → Italian: miso
* → Korean: 미소 (miso)
* → Macanese: miçó, missó
* → Persian: میسو (miso)
* → Portuguese: missô
* → Russian: ми́со (míso)
* → Spanish: miso

#### See also

* 醤(ひしお) (hishio)

### Proper noun

味(み)噌(そ) • (Miso)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2007) “Korean Loanwords”, in Altai Hakpo (알타이학보)‎, volume 17, pages 77-78
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN