# 墩

| 墩 | U+58A9, &#22697; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A9 |
| ← 墨 [U+58A8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 墪 → [U+58AA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

墩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土卜木大 (GYDK), four-corner 4814$_7$, composition ⿰土敦)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5470
* Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 488, character 19
* Unihan data for U+58A9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 弴 | *tjuː, *tuːn |
| 敦 | *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns |
| 錞 | *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun |
| 憝 | *duːls |
| 憞 | *duːls |
| 譈 | *duːls |
| 鐓 | *duːls |
| 鷻 | *doːn |
| 鶉 | *doːn, *djun |
| 惇 | *tuːn, *tjun |
| 墩 | *tuːn |
| 驐 | *tuːn |
| 燉 | *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 焞 | *tʰuːn, *djun |
| 啍 | *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 暾 | *tʰuːn |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 諄 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 稕 | *tjuns |
| 醇 | *djun |
| 淳 | *djun |
| 犉 | *njun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dūn (dun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): deon$^1$ / dan$^1$ / dan$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûn
    (Hailu, HRS): dun$^ˋ$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dŏng / dŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong$^1$ / duong$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dun
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^1$
*** Yale: dwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
*** Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ən⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dunr
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dwūnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duel
*** Palladius: дуньр (dunʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯əɻ⁵⁵/
* dūnr - “block of stone or wood; seat”.
* Middle Chinese: twon
Rime :
| Character | 墩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都昆切 |
| Baxter | twon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /twən/ |
| Li Rong | /tuən/ |
| Wang Li | /tuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | deon$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2600 |
| Phonetic component | 敦 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敦 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuːn/ |

### Definitions

墩
* mound
* block of stone or wood
* to mop (the floor)
* Classifier for densely growing plants: cluster
* Classifier for rounds in a card game: trick

### Compounds

* 三墩 (Sāndūn)
* 厚墩墩
* 唐家墩 (Tángjiādūn)
* 嚴家墩 / 严家墩 (Yánjiādūn)
* 塔墩
* 墩嘴
* 墩子 (dūnzi)
* 墩布 (dūnbù)
* 墩打
* 墩臺 / 墩台
* 墩鎖 / 墩锁
* 墩闊坦 / 墩阔坦 (Dūnkuòtǎn)
* 徐墩 (Xúdūn)
* 打塔墩
* 搭墩
* 橋墩 / 桥墩 (qiáodūn)
* 樹墩 / 树墩 (shùdūn)
* 矮墩墩 (ǎidūndūn)
* 石墩 (shídūn)
* 磉墩 (sǎngdūn)
* 繡墩 / 绣墩
* 繡墩草 / 绣墩草
* 胖墩兒 / 胖墩儿
* 胖墩墩 (pàngdūndūn)
* 臺墩 / 台墩
* 蒲墩兒 / 蒲墩儿
* 門墩 / 门墩 (méndūn)
* 阿克提坎墩 (Ākètíkǎndūn)
* 雙墩 / 双墩 (Shuāngdūn)
* 響墩 / 响墩 (xiǎngdūn)
* 香墩兒 / 香墩儿
* 齊墩果 / 齐墩果 (qídūnguǒ)

### References

* “墩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とん (ton)

## Korean
### Hanja

墩 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

墩: Hán Nôm readings: đôn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.