# 怡

| 怡 | U+6021, &#24609; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6021 |
| ← 怠 [U+6020] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怢 → [U+6022] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口 (PIR), four-corner 9306$_0$, composition ⿰忄台)

#### Derived characters

* 𦲀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10470
* Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6021

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yí (yi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yì
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ì
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): î
    (Teochew, Peng'im): i$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yí
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$
*** Yale: yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$
*** Yale: yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ì
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
*** Tâi-lô: î
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: i$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: î
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
* Middle Chinese: yi
Rime :
| Character | 怡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與之切 |
| Baxter | yi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /iə/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 怡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yi › |
| Old Chinese | /*lə/ |
| English | cheerful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12292 |
| Phonetic component | 台 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 飴 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯ/ |

### Definitions

怡
* amiable and cheerful
* cheerful; happy; joyous

### Compounds

* 下氣怡色 / 下气怡色
* 不怡
* 心怡神悅 / 心怡神悦
* 心怡神曠 / 心怡神旷
* 心曠神怡 / 心旷神怡 (xīnkuàngshényí)
* 心蕩神怡 / 心荡神怡
* 怡堂燕雀
* 怡怡
* 怡悅 / 怡悦 (yíyuè)
* 怡情悅性 / 怡情悦性
* 怡情理性
* 怡情養性 / 怡情养性
* 怡然 (yírán)
* 怡然自娛 / 怡然自娱
* 怡然自得 (yíránzìdé)
* 怡然自悅 / 怡然自悦
* 怡然自樂 / 怡然自乐
* 怡然自足
* 怡聲 / 怡声
* 怡聲下氣 / 怡声下气
* 怡色
* 怡顏 / 怡颜
* 怡顏悅色 / 怡颜悦色
* 熙怡
* 神怡心曠 / 神怡心旷
* 神怡心醉
* 神色怡然
* 言笑嘻怡
* 養怡 / 养怡

### References

* “Query for 怡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i)
* Kan-on: い (i)
* Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 怡ぶ)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 怡
* い Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 怡 (MC yi).

### Affix

怡(い) • (i)
* rejoice; enjoy

#### Derived terms

* 怡(い)怡(い) (ī)
* 怡(い)悦(えつ) (ietsu)
* 怡(い)然(ぜん) (izen)

## Korean
### Hanja

怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怡: Hán Nôm readings: di
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.