# 貢

| 貢 | U+8CA2, &#36002; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA2 |
| ← 財 [U+8CA1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 貣 → [U+8CA3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

貢 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一月山金 (MBUC) or 難一月山金 (XMBUC), four-corner 1080$_6$, composition ⿱工貝)

#### Derived characters

* 嗊 幊 愩 摃 槓 熕 碽 贑 䔈 篢 慐
* 𪝖 𡎴 𡟫 𡺭 𣹟 𥈿 𥛌 𦩼 𫋐 𨫋 𩌌 𩐵 𩫢 𩹸 𠞖 𪄌 𡻃 𤕙 𧶓 𥧡
* 𠗸 𡎴 𤗤 𧜙 𤳢 𨶛 𢩛 𪱮
* 𭹫 𬗯 𬧄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36665
* Dae Jaweon: page 1666, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3624, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8CA2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːŋs) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 貝. However, the phonetic component indicates the concept of working and achievement (功), hence putting efforts to make any kind of contribute and/or reach an achievement.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòng (gong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kung
* Eastern Min (BUC): góng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$
*** Yale: gùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^3$
*** Yale: gung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kung
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: góng
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
*** Tâi-lô: kòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: kuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 貢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古送切 |
| Baxter | kuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤom-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 貢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁom-s/ |
| English | tribute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 貢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4031 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貢 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

貢
* to pay tribute
* tribute; gift
* (historical) to select or recommend talents for the imperial court
* (Xiamen Hokkien, historical) a kind of high-grade cloth like silk and satin
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 五貢 / 五贡
* 任土作貢 / 任土作贡
* 例貢 / 例贡
* 優貢 / 优贡
* 克林貢 / 克林贡 (kèlíngòng)
* 入貢 / 入贡 (rùgòng)
* 副貢 / 副贡
* 土貢 / 土贡
* 幣貢 / 币贡
* 恩貢 / 恩贡
* 拔貢 / 拔贡
* 朝貢 / 朝贡 (cháogòng)
* 歲貢 / 岁贡
* 王貢彈冠 / 王贡弹冠
* 琛貢 / 琛贡
* 知貢舉 / 知贡举
* 禹貢 / 禹贡 (Yǔ Gòng)
* 稱臣納貢 / 称臣纳贡
* 納貢 / 纳贡 (nàgòng)
* 納貢稱臣 / 纳贡称臣
* 職貢 / 职贡
* 自貢 / 自贡 (Zìgòng, “Zigong”)
* 苞茅不貢 / 苞茅不贡
* 西貢 / 西贡 (Xīgòng)
* 貢丸 / 贡丸 (gòngwán)
* 貢元 / 贡元
* 貢八 / 贡八
* 貢品 / 贡品 (gòngpǐn)
* 貢士 / 贡士 (gòngshì)
* 貢奉 / 贡奉
* 貢官 / 贡官
* 貢寮 / 贡寮 (Gòngliáo)
* 貢水 / 贡水
* 貢煙 / 贡烟
* 貢獻 / 贡献 (gòngxiàn)
* 貢生 / 贡生 (gòngshēng)
* 貢監 / 贡监
* 貢禹 / 贡禹
* 貢禹彈冠 / 贡禹弹冠
* 貢稅 / 贡税 (gòngshuì)
* 貢緞 / 贡缎
* 貢膿 / 贡脓
* 貢舉 / 贡举
* 貢菜 / 贡菜
* 貢賦 / 贡赋 (gòngfù)
* 貢院 / 贡院 (gòngyuàn)
* 賓貢 / 宾贡
* 進貢 / 进贡 (jìngòng)
* 鄉貢 / 乡贡

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^3$
*** Yale: gung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ³³/

#### Definitions

貢 (Cantonese)
* to crawl; to burrow; to writhe
* to wander
    四圍貢／四围贡 [Cantonese] ― sei$^3$ wai$^4$ gung$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to wander around

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* tribute
* support

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: みつぐ (mitsugu, 貢ぐ, Jōyō)、みつぎ (mitsugi, 貢ぎ)
* Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、つぐ (tsugu)、みつ (mitsu)

#### Compounds

* 貢(ぐ)税(ぜい) (guzei)
* 貢(く)馬(め) (kume)
* 貢(こう)闈(い) (kōi)
* 貢(こう)院(いん) (kōin)
* 貢(こう)煙(えん) (kōen)
* 貢(こう)款(かん) (kōkan)
* 貢(こう)挙(きょ) (kōkyo)
* 貢(こう)御(ぎょ) (kōgyo)
* 貢(こう)金(きん) (kōkin)
* 貢(こう)計(けい) (kōkei)
* 貢(こう)献(けん) (kōken): contribution; to contribute
* 貢(こう)元(げん) (kōgen)
* 貢(こう)菜(さい) (kōsai)
* 貢(こう)士(し) (kōshi)
* 貢(こう)使(し) (kōshi)
* 貢(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
* 貢(こう)賜(し) (kōshi)
* 貢(こう)主(しゅ) (kōshu)
* 貢(こう)上(じょう) (kōjō)
* 貢(こう)職(しょく) (kōshoku)
* 貢(こう)新(しん) (kōshin)
* 貢(こう)生(せい) (kōsei)
* 貢(こう)税(ぜい) (kōzei)
* 貢(こう)籍(せき) (kōseki)
* 貢(こう)選(せん) (kōsen)
* 貢(こう)薦(せん) (kōsen)
* 貢(こう)茶(ちゃ) (kōcha)
* 貢(こう)酎(ちゅう) (kōchū)
* 貢(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
* 貢(こう)納(のう) (kōnō)
* 貢(こう)馬(ば) (kōba)
* 貢(こう)篚(ひ) (kōhi)
* 貢(こう)媚(び) (kōbi)
* 貢(こう)賦(ふ) (kōfu)
* 貢(こう)物(ぶつ) (kōbutsu)
* 貢(こう)奉(ほう) (kōhō)
* 貢(こう)法(ほう) (kōhō)
* 貢(こう)墨(ぼく) (kōboku)
* 貢(こう)米(まい) (kōmai)
* 貢(こう)諛(ゆ) (kōyu)
* 貢(こう)禄(ろく) (kōroku)
* 海(かい)貢(こう) (kaikō)
* 外(がい)貢(こう) (gaikō)
* 供(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
* 郷(きょう)貢(こう) (kyōkō)
* 歳(さい)貢(こう) (saikō)
* 職(しょっ)貢(こう) (shokkō)
* 進(しん)貢(こう) (shinkō)
* 租(そ)貢(こう) (sokō)
* 草(そう)貢(こう) (sōkō)
* 朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
* 徴(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
* 調(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
* 土(ど)貢(こう) (dokō)
* 入(にゅう)貢(こう) (nyūkō)
* 年(ねん)貢(ぐ) (nengu)
* 納(のう)貢(こう) (nōkō)
* 篚(ひ)貢(こう) (hikō)
* 賓(ひん)貢(こう) (hinkō)
* 賦(ふ)貢(こう) (fukō)
* 聘(へい)貢(こう) (heikō)
* 方(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
* 包(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
* 邦(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
* 奉(ほう)貢(こう) (hōkō)
* 輸(ゆ)貢(こう) (yukō)
* 来(らい)貢(こう) (raikō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 貢
* みつぐ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From the verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みつぐ [mìtsúꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [mʲit͡sɨɡɯ̟]

#### Proper noun

貢(みつぐ) • (Mitsugu)
* a male given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 貢
* みつぎ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 貢ぐ (mitsugu, “to support, to finance”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みつぎ [mìtsúgí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲit͡sɨɡʲi]

#### Proper noun

貢(みつぎ) • (Mitsugi)
* a male given name
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 貢
* こう Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 貢 (MC kuwngH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ː]

#### Noun

貢(こう) • (kō)
* tribute
* support, a contribution (such as a donation of money)

#### Proper noun

貢(こう) • (Kō)
* a male given name

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “貢”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

貢 (eumhun 바칠 공 (bachil gong))
* hanja form of 공 (“give, offer, present”)
* hanja form of 공 (“dedicate, devote”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

貢: Hán Việt readings: cống
貢: Nôm readings: cóng, cống, gỏng, gúng, xống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.