# 靨

| 靨 | U+9768, &#38760; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9768 |
| ← 靧 [U+9767] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 革 → [U+9769] |

## Translingual
### Han character

靨 (Kangxi radical 176, 面+14, 23 strokes, cangjie input 一大一田中 (MKMWL), four-corner 7160$_1$, composition ⿸厭面)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1384, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42698
* Dae Jaweon: page 1899, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4402, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9768

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猒 | *qem, *qems |
| 懕 | *qem |
| 饜 | *qem, *qems |
| 嬮 | *qem, *qems, *qeb |
| 厭 | *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb |
| 黶 | *qemʔ |
| 檿 | *qemʔ |
| 魘 | *qemʔ, *qeb |
| 厴 | *qemʔ |
| 擪 | *qemʔ, *qeb |
| 壓 | *qreːb |
| 靨 | *qeb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 面 (“face”).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yè (ye$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jip$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiap$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yap
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiab$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): iék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iap
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iab$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$iq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yè
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$
*** Yale: yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jip$^3$
*** Yale: yip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːp̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yiap$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiap̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yap
*** Hakka Romanization System: iab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯ap̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yap
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ap̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiap̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iék
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iap
*** Tâi-lô: iap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iab
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iap̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iap̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iap̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iap̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iab$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iap
*** Sinological IPA : /iap̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$iq
*** MiniDict: ih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$iq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jiep
Rime :
| Character | 靨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於葉切 |
| Baxter | 'jiep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ye |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qeb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 靨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14432 |
| Phonetic component | 猒 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 魘 |
| Old Chinese | /*qeb/ |

### Definitions

靨
* (literary) dimple (of the face)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 靨輔, 靨 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 酒窩, 笑窩, 酒靨, 笑靨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 酒窩兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 酒窩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 酒坑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 酒窩兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 酒窩兒, 酒坑兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 酒窩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 酒窩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 酒窩兒, 酒坑兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 笑靨窩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 酒窩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 酒窩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 酒窩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 酒窩兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 酒窩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 酒窩兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 酒窩兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 酒窩窩兒, 酒窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 酒窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 酒窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 酒窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 酒窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 酒杯窩, 酒窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 酒窩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 酒窩子, 酒塘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 酒窩兒, 酒塘兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 燒酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 燒酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 燒酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 燒酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 酒窟 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 酒抹 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 酒杯窩 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 酒凹, 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 酒窩, 酒印 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 酒窟 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 酒杯凹 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 頭窩 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 燒酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 酒杯䐁 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 旋 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 燒酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 酒杯凹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 酒窩 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 酒凹 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 酒凹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 酒窩 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 酒窩 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 酒靨氹, 酒窩氹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 酒凹, 酒凹仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 酒壺哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 酒疊哎 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 酒凹, 凹窩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 酒凹, 酒窟 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 酒窩 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 酒杯印 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 酒靨, 酒靨子 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 酒靨子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 酒靨 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 酒靨 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 酒窩子 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 酒靨子, 酒窩子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 酒靨 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 酒窩子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 酒窟仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 酒窟仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 酒窟 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 扭酒窟, 酒窟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 酒窟仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 酒窟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 酒窩 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 酒凹 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 酒凹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 酒靨 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 酒靨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 笑窩窩 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 笑窩窩, 笑印印 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 笑顏泊兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 酒窩 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 酒窟仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 酒窟, 酒窩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 酒窟 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 酒窟仔, 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 酒窟仔, 酒窟, 酒塌仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 酒頭仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蛀窟仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 酒窟仔, 酒凹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 酒窟仔, 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 喙窟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 酒窟仔, 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 酒窩 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 酒盅窟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 酒盅窟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 酒窟仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 酒窟 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 酒盅窟 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 酒盅 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 酒盅 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 酒盅 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 喙窠, 酒凹 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 喙窠 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 酒盞 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 酒凹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 酒窩 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 酒窩 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 酒靨, 笑靨, 酒窩 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酒田 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 酒靨, 癟嘴團 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 酒癟塘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 酒吸塘塘, 酒塘塘, 酒厄 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 酒靨兒, 酒窩兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老酒潭潭, 酒潭, 酒窠 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 酒丼, 笑靨兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 酒靨兒, 酒靨, 酒窩 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 酒靨 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 酒窩子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 酒氹 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 酒罈子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 酒窩, 酒蛋蛋 |

### Compounds

* 杏靨 / 杏靥
* 笑靨 / 笑靥 (xiàoyè)
* 羞靨 / 羞靥
* 翠靨 / 翠靥
* 酒靨 / 酒靥 (jiǔyè)
* 開靨 / 开靥
* 面靨 / 面靥
* 靨兒 / 靥儿
* 靨輔 / 靥辅 (yèfǔ)
* 靨鈿 / 靥钿
* 靨靨 / 靥靥

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* dimple

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)
* Kun: えくぼ (ekubo, 靨)

#### Compounds

* 靨(よう)笑(しょう) (yōshō)
* 靨(よう)輔(ほ) (yōho)
* 笑(しょう)靨(よう) (shōyō)
* 双(そう)靨(よう) (sōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 靨
* えくぼ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 笑窪
笑 (e, “laugh; smile”) +‎ 窪 (kubo, “depression”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えくぼ [éꜜkùbò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [e̞kɯ̟bo̞]

### Noun

靨(えくぼ) • (ekubo)
* a dimple (skin depression, especially at corners of the mouth)
    痘痕(あばた)も靨(えくぼ)
       abata mo ekubo
       love is blind (when in love) even pockmarks are dimples

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

靨 • (yeop) (hangeul 엽, revised yeop, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, Yale yep)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

靨: Hán Nôm readings: yếp, diệp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.