OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# concretizar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From concreto +‎ -izar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(ʁ)/ [kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(ʁ)/ [kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(ʁ)/ [kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kõ.kɾe.t͡ʃiˈza(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõ.kɾɨ.tiˈzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõ.kɾɨ.tiˈzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /kõ.kɾɨ.tiˈza.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: con‧cre‧ti‧zar

### Verb

concretizar (first-person singular present concretizo, first-person singular preterite concretizei, past participle concretizado)
* (transitive) to concretize, to make real

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From concreto +‎ -izar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /konkɾetiˈθaɾ/ [kõŋ.kɾe.t̪iˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /konkɾetiˈsaɾ/ [kõŋ.kɾe.t̪iˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: con‧cre‧ti‧zar

### Verb

concretizar (first-person singular present concretizo, first-person singular preterite concreticé, past participle concretizado)
* (transitive) to concretize, to make real

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* concretización

### Further reading

* “concretizar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tosser
## English
### Etymology

From toss +‎ -er. In the British slang senses, toss refers specifically to the masturbate meaning.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɒsə(ɹ)
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Noun

tosser (plural tossers)
* One who tosses or throws something.
** 1919, The Weekly Underwriter, volume 100, page 931:He had difficulty in locating the plate and when he did so one of his outfielders had a merry chase following the leather from the bat of a company tosser.
* (UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, slang, derogatory, vulgar) A person who masturbates.
* (UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, derogatory, offensive, slang) An objectionable person, often somewhat obnoxious in demeanour.
    That bloke who ripped me off was a right tosser.
* (computing) A program that forwards or redirects messages on a bulletin board system.
** 1995, sysop, “Mail Tosser”, in comp.bbs.majorbbs (Usenet):Does anyone have a mail tosser that will work with The Major BBS V6.2?
** 2000, freshd, “FidoGate 4.4.1 - A Fido-Internet gateway and a Fido tosser.”, in fm.announce (Usenet):FIDOGATE is a Fido-Internet gateway and a Fido tosser.

#### Synonyms

* (person who wanks): wanker, masturbator, onanist, pickle tickler, fingerer, jerkoff
* (idiot):
** (Australian) fuckwit, wanker, pole stroker
** (UK) tosspot, wanker, bawbag, knobber, knobhead
** (US) jerk, jerkoff

#### Derived terms

* coin-tosser
* cup-tosser
* torso tosser
* wine tosser

#### See also

* tosspot
* wanker

### Anagrams

* RTOSes, Restos, Sostre, restos, retoss, rosest, rosets, sorest, sortes, stores, torses, tsores

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

tosser f
* indefinite plural of tosse
# inspeksi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch inspectie, from Middle French inspection, from Latin inspectiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɪnˈspɛk̚si]
* Hyphenation: in‧spèk‧si

### Noun

inspèksi (plural inspeksi-inspeksi)
* (military) inspection, the act of examining something, often closely.
* (law enforcement) inspectorate, the jurisdiction of an inspector.

#### Derived terms

* diinspeksi
* menginspeksi

#### Compounds

* inspeksi berkala
* inspeksi kamar
* inspeksi kelaikan
* inspeksi keselamatan
* inspeksi mendadak
* inspeksi rutin
* inspeksi visual

### See also

* inspektur

### Further reading

* “inspeksi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# নাসিরুদ্দিন
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* নাসিরুদ্দীন (nasiruddīn)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَاصِر الدِّين (nāṣir ad-dīn, “supporter of the religion”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nasiɹud̪ːin/

### Proper noun

নাসিরুদ্দিন • (naśiruddin) (objective নাসিরুদ্দিন (naśiruddin) or নাসিরুদ্দিনকে (naśiruddinoke), genitive নাসিরুদ্দিনের (naśiruddiner))
* a male given name, Nasiruddin, from Arabic

#### Related terms

* নসরুল্লাহ (nosrullah)
* নাসির (naśir)
# gone for a song
## English
### Verb

gone for a song
* past participle of go for a song
# အနှစ်
## Burmese
### Etymology

From အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + an element နှစ် (hnac, “kernel, core, heart”) (different from all senses listed on the page for နှစ် (hnac)), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-nik (“heart, mind”), and cognate with Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Old Chinese 仁 (OC *njin, “kindness”) (STEDT), and additionally, 身 (OC *qʰjin, “body, self”) (Hill (2019), p. 217).

### Pronunciation

* Phonetic respelling: အ'နှစ်
* IPA: /ʔən̥ɪʔ/
* Romanization: MLCTS: a.hnac • ALA-LC: ʼanhacʻ • BGN/PCGN: ăhnit • Okell: ăhniʔ

### Noun

အနှစ် • (a.hnac)
* heartwood; duramen
* yolk (of an egg)
* substance; essence; import
* thick liquid or sauce, gravy

#### Derived terms

* အဆီအနှစ် (a.hcia.hnac)
* အနှစ်ကျ (a.hnackya.)
* အနှစ်ချုပ် (a.hnachkyup)
* အနှစ်သာရ (a.hnacsara.)
* အနှစ်အရသာ (a.hnaca.ra.sa)
* အမွေအနှစ် (a.mwea.hnac)

#### Related terms

* နှလုံး (hna.lum:)

### Further reading

* “အနှစ်” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# hewar
## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Related to Persian هوار (havâr).

### Interjection

hewar
* help! (an expression that one desperately needs assistance)
* an expression of exhaustion due to injustice

#### Descendants

* → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܗܵܘܵܪ (hāwār)
# konsultant
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French consultant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔnˈsul.tant/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ultant
* Syllabification: kon‧sul‧tant

### Noun

konsultant m pers (female equivalent konsultantka)
* consultant (person whose occupation is to be consulted for their expertise)
    Synonym: doradca

#### Related terms

* konsultacyjny
* konsultatywny
* konsultacja
* konsultować
* skonsultować

### Further reading

* konsultant in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* konsultant in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English consultant.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /konˈsultant/ [kon̪ˈsul.t̪ɐn̪t̪]
* Rhymes: -ultant
* Syllabification: kon‧sul‧tant

### Noun

konsultant (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)
* consultant
    Synonym: kasangguni

#### Related terms

* konsult
* konsultor

### Further reading

* “konsultant”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# bedenken
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch bedenken, from Old Dutch *bithenkan, *bithenkon, from Proto-West Germanic *biþankijan, from Proto-Germanic *biþankijaną. Equivalent to be- +‎ denken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈdɛŋkə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: be‧den‧ken
* Rhymes: -ɛŋkən

### Verb

bedenken
* (transitive) to bethink
* (transitive) to think of, to make up
* (reflexive) to reconsider, to change one's mind

#### Usage notes

The reflexive form has a different meaning, but is sometimes used with the same meaning as the non-reflexive form. This is marked.

#### Derived terms

* bedenkelijk
* bedenker
* bedenking
* bedenksel
* bedenkster
* bedenktijd
* voorbedacht

#### Descendants

* Negerhollands: bedenk

### Anagrams

* bekenden

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German bedenken, from Old High German pidenken, bidenken, bithenken, from Proto-West Germanic *biþankijan, from Proto-Germanic *biþankijaną, equivalent to be- +‎ denken. Cognate with English bethink, Dutch bedenken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈdɛŋkŋ̍/, /bəˈdɛŋkən/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

bedenken (irregular weak, third-person singular present bedenkt, past tense bedachte, past participle bedacht, past subjunctive bedächte, auxiliary haben)
* to consider, bethink
    Synonym: überdenken
* to keep in mind
    Synonym: denken an
* to remember (someone) in one's will; to gift (someone) with; to treat (someone) to
* (reflexive) to think; consider (before making a decision)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Bedenken
* bedenkend
* bedacht
* bedächtig
* bedenklich

#### Related terms

* andenken
* ausdenken
* durchdenken
* mitdenken
* nachdenken
* überdenken
* umdenken
* verdenken
* vordenken
* zurückdenken

### Further reading

* “bedenken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “bedenken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “bedenken” in Duden online
* “bedenken” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *bithenkan, *bithenkon, from Proto-Germanic *biþankijaną. Equivalent to be- +‎ denken.

### Verb

bedenken
* to consider, to decide
* to think of, to make up
* (reflexive) to think, to ponder
* (reflexive) to realise
* (reflexive) to reconsider, to change one's mind

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* bedenkelike
* bedenkenisse

#### Descendants

* Dutch: bedenken
* Limburgish: bedinke

### Further reading

* “bedenken”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bedenken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
# mädäntyä
## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* mätääntyä (dialectal)

### Etymology

From mädätä (“to rot”) +‎ -tyä.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmædæntyæˣ/, [ˈmædæn̪ˌt̪yæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -yæ
* Hyphenation: mä‧dän‧tyä

### Verb

mädäntyä (intransitive)
* to decompose, rot
    Synonym: mädätä
* to putrefy, to produce puss or bile
    Synonym: mädätä
    Hypernyms: maatua (“to decompose”), pilaantua (“to spoil”)
    Coordinate term: lahota
* to degenerate, rot, decay, corrupt (metaphorically)
    Synonyms: degeneroitua, mädätä, rappeutua

#### Usage notes

* (decompose, rot): The verb maatua means "to decompose" in general, whereas its hyponyms mädätä and mädäntyä mean "to decompose (in anaerobic circumstances)" and lahota means "to decompose (in aerobic circumstances)".
* (degenerate, rot, decay, corrupt): The verb is quite empathetic and polemic compared to its synonyms.

#### Derived terms

* mädännyttää
* mädäntyminen
* mädäntymä
* mädäntynyt

#### Related terms

* mädättää
* mätiä

### Further reading

* “mädäntyä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# attenuation
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English attenuacioun, a borrowing from Latin attenuātiō (“a diminishing”). Equivalent to attenuate +‎ -ion.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

attenuation (countable and uncountable, plural attenuations)
* A gradual diminishing of strength.
* (physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.
* (biology) A weakening in the virulence of a pathogen or other microorganism.
* (botany) The tapering of a leaf etc to a fine point.
* (engineering) A fabrication process in which a material is stretched out into a thin shape.
* (homeopathy) The reduction of the active principles of medicines to minute doses.
* (brewing) The proportion of sugar that is converted to ethanol by a yeast.

#### Derived terms

* deattenuation
* diattenuation
* disattenuation
* hyperattenuation
* hypoattenuation
* isoattenuation
* neuroattenuation
* nonattenuation
* space attenuation
* underattenuation
* vasoattenuation

#### Related terms

* attenuate
* tenuous
* thin

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2020 April 26 (last accessed), archived from the original on 26 April 2020
# barbarize
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹaɪz/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

barbarize (third-person singular simple present barbarizes, present participle barbarizing, simple past and past participle barbarized)
* (transitive) To cause to become savage or uncultured.
* (intransitive) To become savage or uncultured.
** 1839, Thomas De Quincey, “Philosophy of Roman History”, in Blackwood's Magazine:The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan.
* (intransitive) To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.
** [1644], [John Milton], Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib, [London: […] Thomas Underhill and/or Thomas Johnson], →OCLC:The ill habit […] of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms.

#### Derived terms

* barbarization
* debarbarize
* rebarbarize
* unbarbarize

#### Translations
## Portuguese
### Verb

barbarize
* inflection of barbarizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# leren
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* leeren

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleːrə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: le‧ren
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch leren, from Old Dutch lēren, from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną.

#### Verb

leren
* (transitive, intransitive) to learn, to study
* (transitive) to teach

##### Synonyms

* (to learn): studeren, kennis opdoen, oppikken, opsteken, blokken (informal)
* (to teach): aanleren, onderwijzen

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to learn”): afleren (“to unlearn”), vergeten (“to forget”)
* (antonym(s) of “to teach”): afleren (“to correct (a bad habit)”)

##### Derived terms

* aanleren
* afleren
* beleren
* bijleren
* doorleren
* geleerd
* jong geleerd is oud gedaan
* leergeld
* leerjaar
* leerkracht
* leerling
* leerplicht
* leraar
* lerares
* lering
* op een oude fiets moet je het leren
* verleren

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: leer
* Berbice Creole Dutch: lere
* Negerhollands: leer, le, lie
* Skepi Creole Dutch: lear, lair
* → Saramaccan: léi, leren
* → Sranan Tongo: leri

#### Noun

leren
* plural of leer

### Etymology 2

Contraction of lederen, from Middle Dutch lederijn, lederen (but also already leren). Equivalent to leer +‎ -en.

#### Alternative forms

* lederen (somewhat archaic)

#### Adjective

leren (not comparable)
* made of leather

##### Declension
## Galician
### Verb

leren
* inflection of ler:
** third-person plural future subjunctive
** third-person plural personal infinitive

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch lēren

### Verb

lêren
* to learn
* to teach
* to tell

#### Descendants

* Dutch: leren
* Limburgish: lieëre

### Further reading

* “leren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “leren (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology

From Old English lǣran (“to teach”); see learn (“teach”) (etymology 2) for more.

### Verb

leren
* to teach or instruct
** 14thC, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue and Tale, from The Canterbury Tales,
    He hath take on him many a great emprise, Which were full hard for any that is here To bring about, but they of him it lear.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to guide or lead

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną.

### Verb

lēren
* to learn
* to teach

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: lêren
** Dutch: leren
** Limburgish: lieëre

#### Further reading

* “lēren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną, from *laizō (“lore”).
Akin to Old Saxon lērian, Old Dutch lēren, Old English lǣran, Old Norse læra, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laisjan).

### Verb

lēren
* to teach

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: lēren
** Alemannic German:
    Italian Walser: lére, leire, lerä
** German: lehren
** Luxembourgish: léieren

#### See also

* lernēn
# rapace
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rapācem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁa.pas/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -as

### Adjective

rapace (plural rapaces)
* rapacious, predatory
    Le vautour est très rapace. ― The vulture is very rapacious.
* (figuratively) rapacious, greedy
** 1820, Walter Scott, chapter 21, in Alexandre Dumas, transl., Ivanhoé, translation of Ivanhoe:Il s’en retourna repu et orgueilleux, pour raconter à ses rapaces compatriotes la richesse et la simplicité de nos nobles Saxons.[original: He returned pampered and proud, to tell his rapacious countrymen of the wealth and the simplicity of the Saxon nobles]

#### Related terms

* rapacité

### Noun

rapace m (plural rapaces)
* bird of prey
* raptor
    rapace nocturne ― nocturnal raptor

### Further reading

* “rapace”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin rapacem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raˈpa.t͡ʃe/
* Rhymes: -atʃe
* Hyphenation: ra‧pà‧ce
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rapace (plural rapaci)
* predatory
* rapacious, greedy

#### Derived terms

* rapacemente

#### Related terms

* rapacità

### Noun

rapace m (plural rapaci)
* bird of prey
* raptor

#### Synonyms

* uccello rapace

#### Related terms

* rapire

### Anagrams

* eparca, pacare

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin rapacem.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁaˈpa.si/ [haˈpa.si]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁaˈpa.si/ [haˈpa.si]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁaˈpa.si/ [χaˈpa.si]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁaˈpa.se/ [haˈpa.se]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɐˈpa.sɨ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -asi, (Portugal) -asɨ
* Hyphenation: ra‧pa‧ce

### Adjective

rapace m or f (plural rapaces)
* predatory
* rapacious, greedy

#### Related terms

* rapacidade

### Further reading

* “rapace”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “rapace”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French rapace, from Latin rapax.

### Adjective

rapace m or f or n (masculine plural rapaci, feminine and neuter plural rapace)
* predatory

#### Related terms

* rapacitate
# colligate
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin colligatus, past participle of colligare (“to collect”).

### Verb

colligate (third-person singular simple present colligates, present participle colligating, simple past and past participle colligated)
* (transitive) To tie or bind together.
** 1821, William Nicholson, “ISINGLASS”, in American Edition of the British Encyclopedia:The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.
* (transitive) To formally link or connect together logically; to bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.
** 1870, Dr. Bence Jones, Life and Letters of Faraday:He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful […] phenomena.

#### Derived terms

* bicolligate
* colligability

#### Related terms

* colligative

#### See also

* ligate

### Anagrams

* co-tillage, cotillage

## Latin
### Verb

colligāte
* second-person plural present active imperative of colligō

### References

* “colligate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* colligate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# eenvoudig
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch eenvoudig, from Middle Dutch êenvoudich. Equivalent to een (“one”) +‎ -voudig (“fold”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɪə̯nˈfœu̯.dəχ/

### Adjective

eenvoudig (attributive eenvoudige, comparative eenvoudiger, superlative eenvoudigste)
* simple, plain
* simple, easy

#### Derived terms

* eenvoudigheid

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch êenvoudich. By surface analysis, eenvoud +‎ -ig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌeːnˈvɑu̯.dəx/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: een‧vou‧dig

### Adjective

eenvoudig (comparative eenvoudiger, superlative eenvoudigst)
* simple, plain
* simple, easy
* simple, simplex (not composite)

#### Synonyms

* simpel

#### Derived terms

* doodeenvoudig
* eenvoudigheid
* eenvoudigweg
* vereenvoudigen

#### Related terms

* eenvoud

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: eenvoudig
* Negerhollands: eenvoudig

### See also

* enkelvoudig
# zagen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzaːɣə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: za‧gen
* Rhymes: -aːɣən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch sagen. Equivalent to zaag (“saw”) +‎ -en.

#### Verb

zagen
* to saw
* (Belgium, Brabant) to nag, to speak in an annoying tone, to repeat oneself ad nauseam
    Synonyms: zeiken, zemelen, (West Flanders) neuten, zeuren

##### Derived terms

* de week doormidden zagen
* zaagbank
* zaagbok
* zaagmachine
* zaagsel
* zaagwesp

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: saag
** → Fanagalo: saga
* Berbice Creole Dutch: sagi
* → Sranan Tongo: sa, seki
** → Lokono: sekidin

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

zagen
* plural of zaag

#### Verb

zagen
* inflection of zien:
** plural past indicative
** (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German zagen, from Old High German erzagēn, with further origin unclear. Often assumed to be from a hypothetical Old High German *aʒ-agēn and Proto-Germanic *at-agēn, with an incorrect separation of *at (“at”). *agēn (“fear”) would be related to Proto-Germanic *agaz (“fear, dread”) and thus be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos (“distress”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, afraid”), whence English awe, Sanskrit अघ (agha, “bad, evil”), and Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “distress, pain”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːɡn̩

### Verb

zagen (weak, third-person singular present zagt, past tense zagte, past participle gezagt, auxiliary haben)
* to hesitate, to be apprehensive
    Synonyms: bangen, zögern
    Antonym: wagen
** 1913, Joachim Ringelnatz, “Durch das Schlüsselloch eines Lebens”, in Erzählungen‎:Ein Neger mit Gazelle zagt im Regen nie. [a palindrome](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1776, Gottfried August Bürger, “Die Myrmidonen”, in Das Lied vom braven Manne‎:Hallo! Hallo! Frischauf gewagt! / Hoch hielt der Graf den Preis empor. / Ein jeder hört's, doch jeder zagt, / Aus Tausenden tritt keiner vor. / Vergebens durchheulte, mit Weib und Kind, / Der Zöllner nach Rettung den Strom und Wind.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 8 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, “Die Myrmidonen”, in Metamorphosen‎:Ich zagte vor Angst, und die Glieder / Schauderten mir, und es sträubte das Haar.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Zagen

### Further reading

* “zagen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “zagen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “zagen” in Duden online
* “zagen” in OpenThesaurus.de
# lelijk
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch leetlijc, lelic. Equivalent to leed (“sorrow”) + -lijk (“-like”). Cognate with Old Saxon lēthlīk, Old High German leidlīh (but modern German leidlich (“tolerable”) is not directly related), Old Frisian lēthlik, Old English lāðlīc (Modern English loathly).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈleː.lək/, (Southern Dutch) [ˈleː.lək], (Northern Dutch) [ˈleɪ̯.lək]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: le‧lijk

### Adjective

lelijk (comparative lelijker, superlative lelijkst)
* ugly
    Antonym: mooi
    lelijk eendje ― ugly duckling

#### Derived terms

* al draagt een aap een gouden ring, het is en blijft een lelijk ding
* foeilelijk
* lelijk eendje
* lelijkerd
* lelijkheid
* lelijkte
* oerlelijk
* schreeuwlelijk
* verlelijken

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: lelik
* Berbice Creole Dutch: leleka
* Negerhollands: lelk, lelyk, liek, leelik, lelik, lilik

### Adverb

lelijk
* badly
    Hij heeft zich lelijk bezeerd. ― He hurt himself badly.