# ծառ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian ծառ (caṙ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡sɑr/, [t͡sɑr]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /d͡zɑɾ/, [d͡zɑɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ծառ • (caṙ)
* tree

#### Derived terms

* վարդածառ (vardacaṙ)
* տոհմածառ (tohmacaṙ)
* տոնածառ (tonacaṙ)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Disputed.
Pedersen connects with Ancient Greek γάρρα (gárrha, “rod, wand”), γάρσανα (gársana, “brushwood”), γέρρον (gérrhon, “wattle-fence”) and Old Norse kjarr (“copsewood, brush-wood, thicket”). This is accepted by Walde, Pokorny and Ačaṙean, who reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥so- for Armenian, the zero-grade of the root *ǵers- (“to twist; to plait things from flexible twigs”).
On the other hand, according to Diakonoff we are dealing with a word of Hurro-Urartian origin: compare Urartian 𒄑𒍝𒀀𒊑 (GIŠ.za-a-ri /⁠ṣârə, zari, zare, šari⁠/, “orchard”), Hurrian 𒊬𒈨 (sar-me, “wood”).

### Noun

ծառ • (caṙ)
* tree
    մատաղատունկ ծառ ― matałatunk caṙ ― sapling
    հինաւուրց, զառամ ծառ ― hinawurcʻ, zaṙam caṙ ― old tree
    պտղատու ծառ ― ptłatu caṙ ― fruit tree
    թզուկ ծառ ― tʻzuk caṙ ― dwarf tree
    ծառ արուեստի ― caṙ aruesti ― the ten Aristotelian categories
    ելանել ի ծառ ― elanel i caṙ ― to climb trees; to mount a tree
    ծառ յօտել, յապաւել զծառս ― caṙ yōtel, yapawel zcaṙs ― to prune; to lop
    պատուաստել զծառս ― patuastel zcaṙs ― to graft
    ծաղկին ծառք ― całkin caṙkʻ ― the trees flourish
    փթթին ծառք ծաղկօք, ծաղկազարդին ծառք ― pʻtʻtʻin caṙkʻ całkōkʻ, całkazardin caṙkʻ ― the fruits are in full bloom or blossom
    ծառ կացուցանել զհերս ― caṙ kacʻucʻanel zhers ― to cause the hair to stand on end
    իւրում ծառոց ի վերայ ելանել ― iwrum caṙocʻ i veray elanel ― to do according to one's will or pleasure, to follow one's own bent

#### Derived terms

* անծառ (ancaṙ)
* խտածառ (xtacaṙ)
* ծառաբեր (caṙaber)
* ծառագնաց (caṙagnacʻ)
* ծառազարդ (caṙazard)
* ծառանամ (caṙanam)
* ծառասէր (caṙasēr)
* ծառաստան (caṙastan)
* ծառավայելուչ (caṙavayelučʻ)
* ծառավերաց (caṙaveracʻ)
* ծառատունկ (caṙatunk)
* ծառացուցանեմ (caṙacʻucʻanem)
* ծառաւէտ (caṙawēt)
* ծառափթիթ (caṙapʻtʻitʻ)
* ծառզարդար (caṙzardar)
* մեծածառ (mecacaṙ)
* ստուարածառ (stuaracaṙ)
* քաջածառ (kʻaǰacaṙ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ծառ (caṙ)
* ⇒ Old Armenian: *ծառափն (*caṙapʻn)
** → Georgian: წარაფი (c̣arapi)
** → Mingrelian: წირფუ (c̣irpu)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ծառ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 446–447
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ծառ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Diakonoff, Igor M. (1985) “Hurro-Urartian Borrowings in Old Armenian”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 105, number 4, pages 597–603
* Pedersen, Holger (1905) “Zur armenischen Sprachgeschichte”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen‎ (in German), volume 38, number 2, page 194
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ծառ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 392
* Walde, Alois (1930) Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 609
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 25