# 沿

| 沿 | U+6CBF, &#27839; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBF |
| ← 沾 [U+6CBE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 泀 → [U+6CC0] |
| 沿 | U+2F8FC, &#194812; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FC |
| ← 𣲼 [U+2F8FB] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 泍 → [U+2F8FD] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 沿 |
| Simplified | 沿 |
| Traditional | 沿 |

### Alternative forms

Due to Han unification, different forms of the character are given the same codepoint. In simplified Chinese, Korean Hanja and Vietnamese Chữ Nôm, the upper right component is written 𠘧/几 to give 沿, which is the form found in the Kangxi dictionary. In traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan), the upper right component is written 儿 to give 沿. In Japanese shinjitai, the upper right component is written 八 to give 沿.

### Han character

沿 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水金口 (ECR) or 水竹弓口 (EHNR), four-corner 3816$_0$, composition ⿰氵⿱𠘧口(GKV) or ⿰氵⿱⿰丿㇄口(HT) or ⿰氵㕣(J))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17260
* Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1590, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6CBF
* Unihan data for U+2F8FC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 船 | *ɦljon |
| 沿 | *lon |
| 鉛 | *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lon) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon). The character originally referred to the edge of a river, and by extension, it came to represent the idea of "following along" or "accompanying."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology 1

The same word as 緣 (OC *lon, “to go along”). Cognate with 緣 (OC *lons, “hem; border on garment”), which is the exopassive of 沿 (OC *lon) (literally "what is followed/follows") (Schuessler, 2007).
Possibly related to Proto-Tai, compare Thai เลียน (liian, “to mimic”), or from Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo zeelᴸ (“to walk along, a road along a hillside”) and Jingpho mə³¹-jan³³ (“flow along a cliff”) (Schuessler, 2007); nevertheless, Schuessler finds Middle Chinese descendant's rounded element difficult to reconcile phonologically with these items and proposes also a derivation from 由 (OC *lɯw).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yon$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
* Northern Min (KCR): ě̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yi / $^2$ye / $^2$yuon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jᵘɔn²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œyŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ing$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ye
*** MiniDict: yie$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦɪ²²³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$yuon
*** MiniDict: yuon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦyõ²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit沿 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ian²⁴/ 炕～兒 /ian⁵³/ 江～兒 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ie⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦyõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ian¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒen¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /yn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ian³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /yiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zin³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ywen
Rime :
| Character | 沿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 與專切 |
| Baxter | ywen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /juæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jwian/ |
| Li Rong | /iuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lon/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lon/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ywen › |
| Old Chinese | /*lon/ |
| English | go along (a river); follow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14280 |
| Phonetic component | 沿 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沿 |
| Old Chinese | /*lon/ |

#### Definitions

沿
* to follow a course, go along
    See also: 沿著／沿着
* to continue or hand down

##### Compounds

* 床沿
* 沿例
* 沿子 (yánzi)
* 沿岸 (yán'àn)
* 沿岸流
* 沿岸貿易 / 沿岸贸易
* 沿才授職 / 沿才授职
* 沿條兒 / 沿条儿
* 沿江 (yánjiāng)
* 河沿 (héyán)
* 沿泝 / 沿溯
* 沿河 (Yánhé)
* 沿波討源 / 沿波讨源
* 沿洄
* 沿流溯源
* 沿流討源 / 沿流讨源
* 沿海 (yánhǎi)
* 沿海口子
* 沿渡河 (Yándùhé)
* 沿用 (yányòng)
* 沿線 / 沿线 (yánxiàn)
* 沿習 / 沿习
* 沿著 / 沿着 (yánzhe)
* 沿街 (yánjiē)
* 沿襲 / 沿袭 (yánxí)
* 沿路 (yánlù)
* 沿身
* 沿途 (yántú)
* 沿邊兒 / 沿边儿 (yánbiānr)
* 沿門挨戶 / 沿门挨户
* 沿門託缽 / 沿门托钵
* 沿階草 / 沿阶草
* 沿革 (yángé)
* 沿革解釋 / 沿革解释
* 流沿兒 / 流沿儿
* 溝沿 / 沟沿 (gōuyán)
* 相沿
* 窗沿
* 蓼沿 (Liǎoyán)
* 邊沿 / 边沿 (biānyán)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 沿 – see 檐 (“eaves of a house; brim; rim; edge”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 檐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 沿 |
| Kyūjitai | 沿 &#x2F8FC; or 沿+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 沿󠄀 沿+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 沿󠄄 沿+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 沿)

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
* Kun: そう (sou, 沿う, Jōyō)、ぞい (zoi, 沿い)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 沿
* えん Grade: 6
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 沿 (MC ywen).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

### Affix

沿(えん) • (en)
* follow; go along

#### Derived terms

* 沿(えん)岸(がん) (engan): coast, shore

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1258 (paper), page 680 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 沿 (MC ywen).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᆫ (Yale: yuyen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 연 (yen) (Yale: yen) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (to follow a course; to continue):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jʌ̹n]
** Phonetic hangul: [연]
* (in 연혁 (沿革, yeonhyeok)):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jɘ(ː)n]
** Phonetic hangul: [연(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 沿 (eumhun 물 따라갈 연 (mul ttaragal yeon))
* hanja form of 연 (“to follow a course”)
* hanja form of 연 (“to continue”)

#### Compounds

* 연변 (沿邊, yeonbyeon)
* 연안 (沿岸, yeonan)
* 연해 (沿海, yeonhae)
* 연혁 (沿革, yeonhyeok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沿: Hán Nôm readings: duyên, diềm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.