# 鍬

| 鍬 | U+936C, &#37740; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-936C |
| ← 鍫 [U+936B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鍭 → [U+936D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鍬 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金竹木火 (CHDF), four-corner 8918$_0$, composition ⿰釒秋)
* shovel

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1315, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40643
* Dae Jaweon: page 1815, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4231, character 16
* Unihan data for U+936C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鍫 | *sʰew |
| 篍 | *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw |
| 愀 | *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ |
| 湫 | *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ |
| 揪 | *ʔsɯw |
| 揫 | *ʔsɯw |
| 啾 | *ʔsɯw |
| 鬏 | *ʔsɯw |
| 秋 | *sʰɯw |
| 鰍 | *sʰɯw |
| 楸 | *sʰɯw |
| 秌 | *sʰɯw |
| 鞦 | *sʰɯw |
| 鶖 | *sʰɯw |
| 萩 | *sʰɯw |
| 甃 | *ʔsrɯws |
| 醔 | *sʰrɯw |
| 愁 | *zrɯw |
| 僽 | *zrɯws |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) – a metal shovel.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiāo (qiao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiau / chhiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^1$
*** Yale: chyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ciu$^1$
*** Yale: chīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau
*** Tâi-lô: tshiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiaw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiau³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiu
*** Tâi-lô: tshiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

### Definitions

鍬
* shovel; spade

### Compounds

* 圓鍬 / 圆锹
* 鐵鍬 / 铁锹 (tiěqiāo)
* 點鋼鍬 / 点钢锹

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* hoe

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: くわ (kuwa, 鍬)、すき (suki, 鍬)

#### Compounds

* 豊(とよ)鍬入(すきいり)姫(ひめの)命(みこと) (Toyosukiirihime no Mikoto)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鍬
* くわ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
/kupa/ → /kufa/ → /kuwa/
From Old Japanese.
Ultimate derivation unknown. Possibly derived from 食う (kuu, “to eat up; to bite into”), which has a 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of kuwa.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くわ [kùwá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) くわ [kúꜜwà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kɯ̟β̞a̠]

### Noun

鍬(くわ) • (kuwa)
* a hoe (agricultural tool)
** 711–712, Kojiki, poem 61:
    都芸泥布(つぎねふ)夜麻志呂売能(やましろめの)許(こ)久波(くは)母知(もち)宇知斯淤富泥(うちしおほね)泥士漏能(ねじろの)斯漏多陀牟岐(しろただむき)麻迦受祁婆許曽(まかずけばこそ)斯良受登母伊波米(しらずともいはめ) [Man'yōgana]
    つぎねふ山代(やましろ)女(め)の木(こ)鍬(くわ)持(も)ち打(う)ちし大(おほ)根(ね)根(ね)白(じろ)の白(しろ)腕(ただむき)枕(ま)かずけばこそ知(し)らずとも言(い)はめ [Modern spelling]

#### Usage notes

In compounds, this term may refer more broadly to similarly shaped tools for working the earth, such as a plough or a harrow.

#### Derived terms

* 鍬(くわ)入(い)れ (kuwa-ire)
* 鍬弄(くわいじ)り (kuwaijiri)
* 鍬形(くわがた) (kuwagata)
* 鍬下(くわした) (kuwashita)
* 御(お)鍬(くわ)立(た)て (o-kuwatate)
* 鍬(くわ)取(と)り (kuwatori)
* 鍬初(くわはじ)め (kuwa-hajime)
* 鍬平(くわびら) (kuwabira)
* 鍬(くわ)箒(ぼうき) (kuwabōki)
* 鍬焼(くわやき), 鍬(くわ)焼(や)き (kuwayaki)
* 鐙(あぶみ)鍬(ぐわ) (abumiguwa)
* 鋳(い)鍬(ぐわ) (iguwa)
* 牛鍬(うしぐわ) (ushiguwa, “oxen plough”)
* 馬鍬(うまぐわ) (umaguwa)
* 金鍬(かなぐわ) (kanaguwa)
* 河内(かわち)鍬(ぐわ) (Kawachi-guwa)
* 久六(きゅうろく)鍬(ぐわ) (kyūroku-guwa), 久六(くろく)鍬(ぐわ) (kuroku-guwa)
* 黒鍬(くろくわ) (kuro kuwa)
* 格子(こうし)鍬(ぐわ) (kōshi-guwa)
* 木(こ)鍬(くわ) (kokuwa)
* 作鍬(さくぐわ) (sakuguwa)
* 鋤鍬(すきくわ) (sukikuwa)
* 唐鍬(とうぐわ) (tōguwa), 唐鍬(とうが) (tōga)
* 備中(びっちゅう)鍬(ぐわ) (Bitchū-guwa)
* 踏(ふ)み鍬(ぐわ) (fumiguwa)
* 馬(ま)鍬(ぐわ) (maguwa), 馬鍬(まんぐわ) (manguwa), 馬鍬(まんが) (manga, “harrow”)
* 股鍬(またぐわ) (mataguwa)
* 斎(ゆ)鍬(くわ) (yukuwa)

#### Idioms

* 鍬(くわ)を入(い)れる (kuwa o ireru)
* 鍬(くわ)を抜(ぬ)かす (kuwa o nukasu)

#### Proverbs

* 縁(えん)の下(した)の鍬使(くわづか)い (en no shita no kuwa-zukai)

#### See also

* 鋤(すき) (suki, “spade”)

### Proper noun

鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鍬 (eum 초 (cho))
* (가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare

#### Synonyms

* (spade, shovel, ploughshare): 鍤 (가래 삽), 鍬 (가래 초), 鏵 (가래 화), 鋘 (가래 화)

#### See also

* (spade, shovel, ploughshare): 鋤 (호미 서), 鉏 (호미 서), 錤 (호미 기), 鎡 (호미 자), 鎒 (호미 호), 钁 (괭이 곽), 钃 (괭이/호미 촉)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鍬: Hán Nôm readings: thâu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.