# ti-
## Classical Nahuatl
### Alternative forms

* t- (before vowels)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ti/ (before consonants)
* IPA: /t/ (before vowels)

### Prefix

ti-
* Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
* Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.

#### Usage notes

* If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.

#### Related terms

* tech-
* to-

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).

### Prefix

ti-
* this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)

#### Usage notes

By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.

#### Derived terms

* tia (“such (a)”)
* tial (“for that reason, therefore”)
* tiam (“then”)
* tie (“that place, there”)
* tiel (“thus, that way”)
* ties (“that one's, those ones”)
* tio (“that (without a noun)”) (plural tioj (“those”))
* tiom (“that much”)
* tiu (“that one, that/those (with a noun)”) (plural tiuj (“those ones”))

## Old Saxon
### Prefix

ti-
* Alternative form of te-

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

#### Prefix

ti-
* Class 8 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

#### Prefix

ti-
* they; class 8 subject concord.
* them; class 8 object concord.
* they; class 10 subject concord.
* them; class 10 object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

#### Prefix

ti-
* Class 10 noun prefix.

## Pipil
### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: /ti/

### Prefix

ti-
* (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
    Te tiweli tipanuyou cannot pass
* (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
    Tiknekit tikwat etWe want to eat beans

#### See also

* taja (personal pronoun)
* metz- (object marker)
* tejemet (personal pronoun)
* tech- (object marker)
* -t (plural verb suffix)

## Swazi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

#### Prefix

ti-
* Class 8 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

#### Prefix

ti-
* they; class 8 subject concord.
* them; class 8 object concord.
* they; class 10 subject concord.
* them; class 10 object concord.

## Taos
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ti/

### Prefix

ti-
* (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.

## Uneapa
### Etymology

From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ti/

### Noun

ti-
* mother

### Further reading

* Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
* Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪i/

### Pronoun

ti-
* first-person singular possessive prefix, my

#### See also

* V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ti-]

### Prefix

ti-
* Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.

#### Inflection

| | pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument | noun possessor/ series II verb argument | postposition object | postposition object | series I verb argument | series I verb argument | series I verb argument | series I verb argument | series I verb argument |
| | pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument | noun possessor/ series II verb argument | postposition object | postposition object | transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent |
| first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-$^1$ | w-, wi- | w-, wi- | w-, wi- |
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-$^1$ |
| second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | m-, mi- |
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- |
| third person | tüwü | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-$^1$ | chö- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- | n-, ni- |
| distant past third person | tüwü | — | — | — | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- |
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | — | — | — | — |
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- | öö- | öö- | öö- | öö- | öö- | öö- | öö- |
| With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable. |||||||||||
| | series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient |
| first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
| first person dual exclusive > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
| second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
| second person > first person dual exclusive | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |