# 人工
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): réngōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-kûng
    (Hailu, HRS): ngin gung$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): jîn-kang / lîn-kang / jîn-kong / lîn-kong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nang$^5$ gang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin-kon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: réngōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: réngong
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: rén-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rengong
*** Palladius: жэньгун (žɛnʹgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: yàhn gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-kûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin$^ˇ$ gung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^2$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin gung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-kang
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinkafng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-kang
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linkafng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-kong
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinkofng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-kong
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linkofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nang$^5$ gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâng kang
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin-kon
*** MiniDict: nyin$^去$ kon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyin-kon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² koŋ⁴⁴/

#### Adjective

人工
* (attributive) man-made; artificial
* (attributive) human; manual
    人工服務／人工服务 ― réngōng fúwù ― human service

##### Synonyms

* (man-made): 人造 (rénzào)

##### Derived terms

* 人工受孕 (réngōng shòuyùn)
* 人工受精 (réngōng shòujīng)
* 人工呼吸 (réngōng hūxī)
* 人工增雨 (réngōng zēngyǔ)
* 人工授精 (réngōng shòujīng)
* 人工智慧 (réngōng zhìhuì)
* 人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng)
* 人工智障 (réngōng zhìzhàng)
* 人工林 (réngōnglín)
* 人工流產 / 人工流产 (réngōng liúchǎn)
* 人工湖 (réngōnghú)
* 人工耳蝸 / 人工耳蜗 (réngōng ěrwō)
* 人工製品 / 人工制品 (réngōng zhìpǐn)
* 人工語言 / 人工语言 (réngōng yǔyán)
* 人工降雨 (réngōng jiàngyǔ)
* 人工電子耳 / 人工电子耳 (réngōng diànzǐ'ěr)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): réngōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ gung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâng-kang
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin-kon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: réngōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: réngong
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: rén-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rengong
*** Palladius: жэньгун (žɛnʹgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: yàhn gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng-kang
*** Tâi-lô: lâng-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: langkafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /laŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin-kon
*** MiniDict: nyin$^去$ kon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyin-kon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² koŋ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

人工
* manual work; labour
* man-day
* manpower
* (Cantonese, Southern Min) pay; salary
    加人工 [Cantonese] ― gaa$^1$ jan$^4$ gung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to get a pay raise
    減人工／减人工 [Cantonese] ― gaam$^2$ jan$^4$ gung$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to cut someone's pay
* (Southern Min, Wu) worker; labourer; coolie
* (Shanghainese) working hours

##### Synonyms

* (manual work; labour): 勞動／劳动 (láodòng), 人力 (rénlì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 工 |
| じん Grade: 1 | こう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じんこー [jìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩŋko̞ː]

### Noun

人(じん)工(こう) • (jinkō)
* man-made; artificial

#### Derived terms

* 人(じん)工(こう)衛(えい)星(せい) (jinkō eisei): artificial satellite
* 人(じん)工(こう)知(ち)能(のう) (jinkō chinō): artificial intelligence
* 人(じん)工(こう)言(げん)語(ご) (jinkō gengo): artificial language
* 人(じん)工(こう)的(てき) (jinkōteki): artificial
* 人(じん)工(こう)林(りん) (jinkōrin): planted forest

#### See also

* 人(じん)造(ぞう) (jinzō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 人 | 工 |

### Noun

人工 • (in'gong) (hangeul 인공)
* hanja form of 인공 (“artificiality”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 人 | 工 |

### Noun

人工
* chữ Hán form of nhân công (“manpower; labor; workforce”).