OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# στροφή
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From στρέφω (stréphō, “twist”) +‎ -η (-ē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stro.pʰɛ̌ː/ → /stroˈɸi/ → /stroˈfi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /stro.pʰɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /stroˈpʰe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /stroˈɸi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /stroˈfi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /stroˈfi/

### Noun

στροφή • (strophḗ) f (genitive στροφῆς); first declension
* turning, a turn
* revolving
* twisting

#### Derived terms

* ἀμφιστροφή (amphistrophḗ)
* ἀναστροφή (anastrophḗ)
* ἀνθυποστροφή (anthupostrophḗ)
* ἀνταποστροφή (antapostrophḗ)
* ἀντεπιστροφή (antepistrophḗ)
* ἀντιπεριστροφή (antiperistrophḗ)
* ἀντιστροφή (antistrophḗ)
* ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ)
* διαστροφή (diastrophḗ)
* ἐκστροφή (ekstrophḗ)
* ἐνστροφή (enstrophḗ)
* ἐπαναστροφή (epanastrophḗ)
* ἐπιστροφή (epistrophḗ)
* ἰσοστροφή (isostrophḗ)
* καταστροφή (katastrophḗ)
* μεταστροφή (metastrophḗ)
* παραστροφή (parastrophḗ)
* παρεκστροφή (parekstrophḗ)
* παρεπιστροφή (parepistrophḗ)
* περιστροφή (peristrophḗ)
* προκαταστροφή (prokatastrophḗ)
* συναναστροφή (sunanastrophḗ)
* συστροφή (sustrophḗ)
* ὑποστροφή (hupostrophḗ)

#### Descendants

* English: strophe
* Greek: στροφή (strofí)

#### Further reading

* “στροφή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* στροφή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. artifice idem, page 42.cheat idem, page 127.circle idem, page 132.course idem, page 178.deceit idem, page 200.dodge idem, page 246.evasion idem, page 284.gyration idem, page 380.orbit idem, page 578.path idem, page 598.revolution idem, page 711.rotation idem, page 722.sleight idem, page 783.subterfuge idem, page 833.trick idem, page 894.turn idem, page 901.turning idem, page 902.twirl idem, page 904.twist idem, page 904.whirl idem, page 976.wile idem, page 979.

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek στροφή (strophḗ).

### Noun

στροφή • (strofí) f (plural στροφές)
* bend, turning, turn (change of direction)
    στη στροφή του δρόμουsti strofí tou drómouat the bend in the road
* turning, turn, revolving, twisting (rotation)
    η μπαλαρίνα έκανε δυο στροφέςi balarína ékane dyo strofésthe ballerina made two turns
* (music) verse, stanza
* (nautical) tack

#### Related terms

* αναστρέφω (anastréfo, “to turn over, to invert; to tack”)

#### Further reading

* στροφή, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# promote
## English
### Etymology

From Latin prōmōtus, perfect passive participle of prōmoveō (“move forward, advance”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /pɹəˈmoʊt/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɹəˈməʊt/
* Rhymes: -əʊt
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: pro‧mote

### Verb

promote (third-person singular simple present promotes, present participle promoting, simple past and past participle promoted)
* (transitive) To raise (someone) to a more important, responsible, or remunerative job or rank.
    Antonyms: demote, relegate
    He promoted his clerk to office manager.
* (transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.
    Antonyms: denigrate, oppose; see also Thesaurus:defame
    They promoted the abolition of daylight saving time.
    They promoted the new film with giant billboards.
* (transitive) To encourage, urge or incite.
    Synonyms: motivate, provoke; see also Thesaurus:incite, Thesaurus:nurture
** 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:so that finding myself on the point of going, and loath to leave the tender partner of my joys behind me, I employed all the forwarding motions and arts my experience suggested to me, to promote his keeping me company to our journey's end.
** 2019 May 21, Israel Alves Corrêa Noletto, Sebastião Alves Teixeira Lopes, “Language and ideology: glossopoesis as a secondary narrative framework in Le Guin’s The dispossessed”, in Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture‎, volume 41, number 2, →DOI:It appears that Le Guin is promoting a sort of self-critique on her own ideology. Interestingly, although the story does give such an impression, the problematic characteristics of the Anarresti society are far more severe than economic scarcities or isolation.
* (sports, usually in passive form) To elevate to a higher league.
    At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to the Premier League.
* (transitive, chemistry) To increase the activity of (a catalyst) by changing its surface structure.
* (transitive, chess) To exchange (a pawn) for a queen or other piece when it reaches the eighth rank.
    Having crossed the chessboard, his pawn was promoted to a queen.
* (intransitive, Singapore) To move on to a subsequent stage of education.
    At the end of Primary 6 students can promote directly to the secondary section of SIS.

#### Derived terms

* co-promote
* cross-promote
* promote to customer
* promote to Glory
* self-promote

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* protome, temporo-, topomer

## Latin
### Participle

prōmōte
* vocative masculine singular of prōmōtus
# purity
## English
### Etymology

From pure +‎ -ity, from Old French purete, from Latin puritas.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpjʊəɹɪti/, /ˈpjɔːɹɪti/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpjʊɹɪti/, /ˈpjɝɪti/
* Hyphenation: pur‧i‧ty

### Noun

purity (countable and uncountable, plural purities)
* The state or degree of being pure.
    Antonym: impurity

#### Derived terms

* nonpurity
* purity ball
* purity pledge
* purity ring
* purity spiral
* purity test
* racial purity
* radiopurity
# ringneck
## English
### Etymology

From ring +‎ neck.

### Noun

ringneck (plural ringnecks)
* Any of several unrelated birds that have a ringed neck.

#### Derived terms

* ringneck dove
* ringneck snake

#### Related terms

* ring-neck

### Anagrams

* neck ring
# աշխատասեր
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian աշխատասէր (ašxatasēr); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃχɑtɑˈseɾ/, [ɑʃχɑtɑséɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑʃχɑdɑˈseɾ/, [ɑʃχɑdɑséɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Adjective

աշխատասեր • (ašxataser) (traditional orthography spelling աշխատասէր, superlative ամենաաշխատասեր)
* industrious, diligent; hard-working; assiduous
# exophoric
## English
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

From exophoria +‎ -ic.

#### Adjective

exophoric (comparative more exophoric, superlative most exophoric)
* (biology, medicine) Relating to, or afflicted with, exophoria.

##### Derived terms

* exophorically

#### Noun

exophoric (plural exophorics)
* (dated) A person who has exophoria.

### Etymology 2

From exophora +‎ -ic.

#### Adjective

exophoric (comparative more exophoric, superlative most exophoric)
* (linguistics) Relating to, or exhibiting, exophora.
    Antonym: endophoric
    Hyponyms: deictic, homophoric

##### See also

* extratextual
# வலை
## Tamil
### Etymology

Cognate with Telugu వల (vala), Malayalam വല (vala), Kannada ಬಲೆ (bale).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɐlɐɪ̯/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

வலை • (valai)
* net, trammel
* trick, fraud

#### Derived terms

* வலைஒளி (valai’oḷi)
* வலைக்கண் (valaikkaṇ)
* வலைக்காசு (valaikkācu)
* வலைக்குணுக்கு (valaikkuṇukku)
* வலைச்சி (valaicci)
* வலைச்சியார் (valaicciyār)
* வலைச்சேரி (valaiccēri)
* வலைஞன் (valaiñaṉ)
* வலைநாற்றம் (valaināṟṟam)
* வலைப்பக்கம் (valaippakkam)
* வலைப்பாடு (valaippāṭu)
* வலைப்பின்னல் (valaippiṉṉal)
* வலைப்பை (valaippai)
* வலையசேரி (valaiyacēri)
* வலையன் (valaiyaṉ)
* வலையன்சாமை (valaiyaṉcāmai)
* வலையமைப்பு (valaiyamaippu)
* வலைவன் (valaivaṉ)
* வலைவீசு (valaivīcu)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “வலை”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# oscurare
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin obscūrāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.skuˈra.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: o‧scu‧rà‧re

### Verb

oscuràre (first-person singular present oscùro, first-person singular past historic oscurài, past participle oscuràto, auxiliary avére) (transitive)
* to obscure
* to darken
* to shade
* to smudge

#### Related terms

* oscuramento
* oscurarsi
* oscuratore
* oscurità
* oscuro

### Anagrams

* oscurerà
# ácido acetilneuramínico
## Spanish
### Noun

ácido acetilneuramínico m (plural ácidos acetilneuramínicos)
* (organic chemistry) acetylneuraminic acid
    Synonym: ácido siálico

#### Related terms

* acetilneuraminato
* acetilneuramínico
# crewed
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: kro͞od, IPA: /kɹuːd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Scotland) IPA: /kɹʉːd/
* Rhymes: -uːd
* Homophone: crude (except Scotland)

### Adjective

crewed (not comparable)
* Having a crew; manned; piloted.

#### Derived terms

* overcrewed
* uncrewed
* undercrewed

### Verb

crewed
* simple past and past participle of crew

### Anagrams

* decrew
# Bateri
## English
### Etymology

From Bateri بٹیری (Baṭerī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bæˈtɛɹi/

### Proper noun

Bateri
* A Dardic language spoken in Kohistan as well as parts of Jammu and Kashmir.
# родимий
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rodimъ. By surface analysis, роди́ти (rodýty) +‎ -мий (-myj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rɔˈdɪmei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

роди́мий • (rodýmyj)
* natural-born, born
    Synonyms: приро́джений (pryródženyj), уро́джений (uródženyj), вро́джений (vródženyj), приро́дний (pryródnyj), спадко́вий (spadkóvyj)
* related by blood, biological, same-blooded, consanguineal
    Synonyms: рі́дний (rídnyj), кро́вний (króvnyj), однокро́вний (odnokróvnyj), єдинокровний (jedynokrovnyj), біологі́чний (biolohíčnyj)
* native
    Synonyms: рі́дний (rídnyj), ба́тьківський (bátʹkivsʹkyj), матери́нський (materýnsʹkyj), роди́нний (rodýnnyj)
* natural, innate, congenital, inborn, own, personal
    Synonyms: вро́джений (vródženyj), приро́дний (pryródnyj), вла́сний (vlásnyj)

#### Derived terms

* ро́димець m (ródymecʹ)
* ро́димка f (ródymka)

#### Related terms

* дорі́дний (dorídnyj)
* рідня́ m (ridnjá)
* роди́на f (rodýna)
* роди́тель m (rodýtelʹ)
* ро́дич m (ródyč)
* урожа́й m (urožáj)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “родимий”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “родимий”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “родимий”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “родимий”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “родимий”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “родимий”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# 기능
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 機能.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kinɯŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [기능]

#### Noun

기능 • (gineung) (hanja 機能)
* function or functionality

##### Derived terms

* 기능(機能)하다 (gineunghada)
* 기능성(機能性) (gineungseong)
* 기능주의(機能主義) (gineungjuui)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 技能.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kinɯŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [기능]

#### Noun

기능 • (gineung) (hanja 技能)
* skill, ability, capacity
# kinbandpinguïn
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of kinband +‎ pinguïn, probably a calque of English chinstrap penguin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɪn.bɑntˌpɪŋ.(ɡ)ʋɪn/
* Hyphenation: kin‧band‧pin‧gu‧in

### Noun

kinbandpinguïn m (plural kinbandpinguïns)
* chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus)
    Synonyms: keelbandpinguïn, stormbandpinguïn

### Further reading

* kinbandpinguïn on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# exploration
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French exploration, from Latin exploratio Morphologically explore +‎ -ation

### Pronunciation

* (US) enPR: ĕks’plərā′shən, IPA: /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

exploration (countable and uncountable, plural explorations)
* The process of exploring.
* The process of penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of (especially geographical) discovery.
    The exploration of unknown areas was often the precursor to colonization.
* The (pre-)mining process of finding and determining commercially viable ore deposits (after prospecting), also called mineral exploration.
* (medicine) A physical examination of a patient.

#### Derived terms

* explorational
* explorationist
* reexploration
* sexploration
* space exploration
* urban exploration

#### Related terms

* explorative
* exploratory
* explorer

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk.splɔ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

exploration f (plural explorations)
* exploration

#### Derived terms

* exploration de données

#### Related terms

* explorateur m
* exploratif

### Further reading

* “exploration”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# cyrtoceracone
## English
### Etymology

From cyrto- +‎ (from κυρτός (kurtós)) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + cone?

### Noun

cyrtoceracone (plural cyrtoceracones)
* (malacology) A shell which has a curved cone shape.
    Coordinate term: cyrtocone

#### Derived terms

* cyrtoceraconic
# 구르다
## Korean
### Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 그울다〮 (Yale: kùwùl-tá). Also attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 구울다〮 (Yale: kwùwùl-tá).
Ultimately from pre-Middle Korean <*kùpùl(úl)-> or <*kwùpùl(úl)-> (Vovin 2010, p. 157), which seems to be a compound, though likely no longer analyzable. Conservative dialects in southeastern Korea still preserve the /-p-/ in this word. Perhaps related to the ideophone 구불구불 (gubulgubul, “meanderingly”), and perhaps also to 굽다 (gupda, “to be curved”), in the sense that curved things (e.g. wheels) roll.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kuɾɯda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [구르다]

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 구르다 (gureuda) |
| Causative | 굴리다 (gullida) |
구르다 • (gureuda) (infinitive 굴러, sequential 구르니)
* (transitive or intransitive) to roll, to roll over

##### Alternative forms

* 굴다 (gulda) (contraction)

##### Derived terms

* 굴러가다 (gulleogada)
* 굴러다니다 (gulleodanida)
* 굴러들다 (gulleodeulda)
* 뒤구르다 (dwigureuda)

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 구르〮다〮 (Yale: kwùlú-tá).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈku(ː)ɾɯda̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [구(ː)르다]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Verb

구르다 • (gureuda) (infinitive 굴러, sequential 구르니)
* (transitive) to stamp, to pound (one's feet)
    발을 동동 구르다 ― bar-eul dongdong gureuda ― to stamp one's feet nervously
# PPKA
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.pe.ˈka.a/

### Noun

PPKA
* (rail transport) Initialism of pengatur perjalanan kereta api.
# cornualis
## Latin
### Etymology

From cornū (“horn”) +‎ -ālis.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kor.nuˈaː.lis/, [kɔrnuˈäːlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kor.nuˈa.lis/, [kornuˈäːlis]

### Adjective

cornuālis (neuter cornuāle); third-declension two-termination adjective
* Of or pertaining to horns.

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Related terms

* corneolus
* cornēscō
* corneus
* cornicen
* corniculāns
* corniculātus
* corniculum
* cornifer
* corniger
* cornipēs
* cornū
* cornuārius
* cornuātus
* cornūcōpia
* cornulum
* cornupeta
* cornūtus
* ūnicornis

#### Descendants

* Catalan: cornal
* → English: cornual

### References

* “cornualis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* cornualis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# குரல்
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* கொர்லு (korlu) — Madras Bashai

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Malayalam കുരൽ (kural).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊɾɐl/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

குரல் • (kural)
* voice
* word
    Synonyms: வார்த்தை (vārttai), சொல் (col)
* sound
    Synonyms: சத்தம் (cattam), ஒலி (oli)
* throat
    Synonym: தொண்டை (toṇṭai)

#### Derived terms

* கட்டைக்குரல் (kaṭṭaikkural)
* கீச்சுக்குரல் (kīccukkural)
* குரல்வளை (kuralvaḷai)
* குரல்வளைத்தாபனம் (kuralvaḷaittāpaṉam)
* கூக்குரல் (kūkkural)
* பெருக்குரல் (perukkural)
* விளிக்குரல் (viḷikkural)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “குரல்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# அருமை
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Old Tamil 𑀅𑀭𑀼𑀫𑁃 (arumai). Analyzable as அரு (aru) +‎ -மை (-mai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐɾʊmɐɪ̯/

### Noun

அருமை • (arumai)
* rareness
* greatness, pre-eminence
* difficulty
* smallness minuteness
* nothingness, non-existence

#### Derived terms

* அருமையான (arumaiyāṉa)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அருமை”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# ապաքինել
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ապաքինեմ (apakʻinem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑpɑkʰiˈnel/, [ɑpɑkʰinél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑbɑkiˈnel/, [ɑbɑkʰinél]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Verb

ապաքինել • (apakʻinel)
* (transitive) to heal
    Synonym: բուժել (bužel)

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated
# compensating
## English
### Adjective

compensating (comparative more compensating, superlative most compensating)
* That compensates for something.

#### Derived terms

* compensatingly
* noncompensating
* undercompensating

### Verb

compensating
* present participle and gerund of compensate
# originality
## English
### Etymology

From French originalité. By surface analysis, original +‎ -ity.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˌɹɪd͡ʒɪˈnælɪti/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

originality (countable and uncountable, plural originalities)
* (uncountable) The quality of being original or novel.
** 1946 March and April, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, pages 105–106:The space at my disposal does not permit me to go into Mr. Bulleid's paper in detail, but it is impossible to refrain from an expression of admiration at the originality that has been packed into this outstanding design.
* (uncountable) The capacity to think independently or be inventive.
** 2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 132:Originality may be the capacity to look at the same facts and see new explanations.
* (countable) Something original.
** 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Railway Heritage Trust Conservation Award: Newcastle Central”, in RAIL, number 946, page 59:This houses a waiting room and gentlemen's toilets which, despite some new sanitary fittings in early BR days, fell out of use over 40 years ago, becoming dilapidated - and so remained as the only room on the station to retain its originality.
* (uncountable) The original state or condition of a thing.
** 2024 October 12, @bykarthikreddy, Twitter‎:Church Street has been reclaimed from vendors who had encroached every bit of pedestrian walk. BBMP evicted more than 70 of them and restored to its originality.

#### Derived terms

* threshold of originality

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Further reading

* "originality" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 230.
# fáinne
## English
### Noun

fáinne (plural fáinnes or fáinni)
* Alternative form of fainne
** 2000, Michael O'Sullivan, Brendan Behan: A Life, page 158:The Dublin Gaels with their golden fáinnes

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish fáinne, form Old Irish áinne, from Proto-Celtic *ānniyos (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂n- (“ring”). Possibly cognate with Latin ānus and Old Armenian անուր (anur). The initial f comes from a reinterpretation of áinne as fháinne in leniting environments, leading to fáinne as a back-formation in nonleniting environments. Compare Scottish Gaelic fàinne.

### Pronunciation

* (Waterford) IPA: /ˈfˠɑːɲə/
* (Cork, Kerry) IPA: /ˈfˠɑːnʲə/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈfˠɑːn̠ʲə/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈfˠaːn̠ʲə/

### Noun

fáinne m (genitive singular fáinne, nominative plural fáinní)
* ring
    Leis an bhfáinne seo, pósaim thú. ― With this ring, I thee wed.
* circle
* ringlet, curl
    Synonyms: bachall, búcla, drol, caschiabh, fáinneog, iodh, lúibín
* halo

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
fáinne
fáinní
vocative
a fháinne
a fháinní
genitive
fáinne
fáinní
dative
fáinne
fáinní
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an fáinne
na fáinní
genitive
an fháinne
na bhfáinní
dative
leis an bhfáinne don fháinne
leis na fáinní :

#### Derived terms

* fáinne cluaise (“earring”)
* fáinne gealltanais (“engagement ring”)
* fáinneach (“annular”, adjective)
* fáinneog (“ringlet”)
* gásfháinne (“gas ring”)
* heitreafháinneach (“heterocyclic”, adjective)
* méar an fháinne (“ring finger”)

#### Descendants

* → English: fainne, phoney, phony
* → Romani: foni

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fáinne”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “áinne”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 105
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 251, page 90

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fáinne”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “fáinne”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “fáinne”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025