# كورك
## Arabic
### Noun

كُورِك • (kūrik) m (plural كُورِكَات (kūrikāt))
* alternative spelling of كُورِيك (kūrīk)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kürgek (“shovel”), a development of *küre- (“to rake”), whence كوره‌مك (küremek, “to rake”). Cognate with Azerbaijani kürək, Bashkir көрәк (körək), Kazakh күрек (kürek), Kyrgyz күрөк (kürök), Uzbek kurak and Yakut күрдьэх (kürjeq).

#### Alternative forms

* كوراك (kürek), كوره‌ك (kürek), كرك (kürek)

#### Noun

كورك • (kürek)
* shovel, hand tool with a handle, used for moving portions of material
    Synonyms: بیل (bil), مجرفه (micrefe)
* spade, a garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging
    Synonyms: بیل (bil), مجرفه (micrefe)
* oar, paddle, a type of lever used to propel a boat, having a flat blade and a handle
    Synonym: مجداف (micdaf)
* (figuratively) hard labour, drudgery, toil, exhausting, menial, and tedious work
    Synonyms: آنغاریه (angarya), حقلمه (haklama), زحمت (zahmet), زورلق (zorluk), صالغم (salğım), كلفت (külfet)
* ♠, spades, one of the four suits in card- and boardgames
    Synonym: ماچه (maça)

##### Coordinate terms

Suits in Ottoman Turkish · طاقیم (takım) (layout · text) :
| قوپه (kupa) | اوریا (orya) | ماچه (maça), كورك (kürek) | اسپاتی (ispati), سیڭك (siñek) |

##### Derived terms

* كورك جزاسی (kürek cezası, “punishment of the galleys”)
* كورك كمیكی (kürek kemiği, “shoulder blade”)
* كورك چكمك (kürek çekmek, “to row”)
* كوركچی (kürekçi, “oarsman, rower”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kürek
* → Albanian: qyrek
* → Arabic: كُورِيك (kūrīk), كُرِيك (kurīk), كُورِك (kūrik)
* → Armenian: քյուրեկ (kʻyurek)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kürek1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2902
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كورك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 400a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كورك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1049
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pala”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1233
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كورك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4063
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kürek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كورك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1586

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kürk (“fur, pelt”); cognate with Azerbaijani kürk.

#### Alternative forms

* كرك (kürk)

#### Noun

كورك • (kürk)
* fur, pelt, the hairy coat of a mammal, especially when fine, soft and thick
* fur, hairy skin of an animal processed into clothing for humans
* fur coat, an outer garment for the upper body made of fur
    Synonym: فروه (ferve)

##### Derived terms

* ایچ كوركی (iç kürkü, “light fur garment”)
* سمور كوركی (samur kürkü, “sable fur”)
* قاقم كوركی (kakım kürkü, “ermine fur”)
* كورك صرچه‌سی (kürk sırçası, “white fluff in a fur”)
* كورك گیدرمك (kürk giydirmek, “to make or let a fur be worn”)
* كوركجی (kürkcü, “furrier”)
* كوركلمك (kürklemek, “to line with fur”)
* كوركلو (kürklü, “coated with fur”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kürk
* → Albanian: qyrk
* → Arabic: كُرْك (kurk)
* → Armenian: քուրք (kʻurkʻ)
* → Aromanian: ḱúrcu
* → Bulgarian: кюрк (kjurk)
* → Georgian: ქურქი (kurki)
* → Macedonian: ќурк (ḱurk)
* → Romanian: chiurec
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Latin script: ćùrak
    Cyrillic script: ћу̀рак

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kürk1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2904
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كورك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 400a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كورك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1049
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pellicea vestis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1261
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كورك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 4063-4064
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kürk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كورك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1586

### Etymology 3

From گورمك (gevremek, “to become crisp, fragile”).

#### Adjective

گورك • (gevrek)
* fragile, frail, brittle, friable

##### Derived terms

* گوركلك (gevreklik, “friability”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: gevrek
* Serbo-Croatian: đevrek
* Macedonian: ѓеврек (ǵevrek)

### Etymology 4

Cognate to Uzbek koʻrk (“beauty, pulchritude”).

#### Alternative forms

* گرك (gürk, gürük), گوروك (gürk, gürük)

#### Noun

گورك • (gürk, gürük)
* beauty, pulchritude, pleasing features

##### Usage notes

Marked already by Meninski 1680 as rarely in use and nearly obsolete.

##### Derived terms

* گوركلو (gürklü, “beautiful, fair”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: körk

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

گورك • (görek)
* view, how something looks from the outside, appearance

### Etymology 6
#### Noun

كورك • (körük)
* Alternative spelling of كوروك (körük, “bellows”)

#### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كورك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4064
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كورك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1587

### References

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كرك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 3922–3923
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كورك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 4063–4064
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كرك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 745
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كورك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 769–770