OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# kostřec
## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostrьcь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈkostr̝̊ɛt͡s/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈkostr̝̊ɛt͡s/

### Noun

kostřec m inan
* tailbone, coccyx

#### Related terms

* kost

#### Descendants

* Czech: kostrč

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kostřec”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# raise to the purple
## English
### Verb

raise to the purple (third-person singular simple present raises to the purple, present participle raising to the purple, simple past and past participle raised to the purple)
* (idiomatic, figurative) To be elevated to a very high rank.
** (Christianity, figurative) To become a cardinal.
** (Christianity, figurative) To become a monarch.

#### Coordinate terms

* raise to the ermine

#### Related terms

* born in the purple
* born to the purple
* rise to the purple
* take the purple
* the purple (imperial power, sense 4)
# cristianismo
## Chavacano
### Etymology

From Spanish cristianismo.

### Noun

cristianismo
* Christianity

#### Related terms

* Cristo
* cristiano

## Galician
### Proper noun

cristianismo m
* Christianity

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin Christianismus, from Ancient Greek Χριστιανισμός (Khristianismós).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kɾis.t͡ʃi.aˈniz.mu/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.aˈniz.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjaˈniz.mu/, /kɾis.t͡ʃi.ɐˈniz.mu/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.ɐˈniz.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjɐˈniz.mu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kɾis.t͡ʃi.aˈniz.mu/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.aˈniz.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjaˈniz.mu/, /kɾis.t͡ʃi.ɐˈniz.mu/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.ɐˈniz.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjɐˈniz.mu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kɾiʃ.t͡ʃi.aˈniʒ.mu/ [kɾiʃ.t͡ʃɪ.aˈniʒ.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾiʃ.t͡ʃjaˈniʒ.mu/, /kɾiʃ.t͡ʃi.ɐˈniʒ.mu/ [kɾiʃ.t͡ʃɪ.ɐˈniʒ.mu], (faster pronunciation) /kɾiʃ.t͡ʃjɐˈniʒ.mu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kɾis.t͡ʃi.aˈniz.mo/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.aˈniz.mo], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjaˈniz.mo/, /kɾis.t͡ʃi.ɐˈniz.mo/ [kɾis.t͡ʃɪ.ɐˈniz.mo], (faster pronunciation) /kɾis.t͡ʃjɐˈniz.mo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɾiʃ.tjɐˈniʒ.mu/
* Hyphenation: cris‧ti‧a‧nis‧mo

### Noun

cristianismo m (usually uncountable, plural cristianismos)
* Christianity (monotheistic religion)

#### Related terms

* cretino
* cristandade
* cristão
* cristianização
* cristianizar
* Cristiano
* Cristina
* Cristo

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* christianismo (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Latin Christianismus, from Ancient Greek Χριστιανισμός (Khristianismós). Compare Italian cristianesimo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɾistjaˈnismo/ [kɾis.t̪jaˈniz.mo]
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: cris‧tia‧nis‧mo

### Noun

cristianismo m (plural cristianismos)
* Christianity
    Synonym: cristiandad
* (rare) baptism
    Synonym: bautizo

#### Related terms

* cristiano
* Cristo

#### Descendants

* Chavacano: cristianismo
* → Cebuano: Kristiyanismo
* → Ilocano: Kristianismo
* → Tagalog: Kristiyanismo

### Further reading

* “cristianismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# উৎসাহ
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit उत्साह (utsāha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ut.ʃa.ho/, [ˈut̪.ʃaˌho]
** Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: উ‧ৎ‧সা‧হ

### Noun

উৎসাহ • (utśahô)
* enthusiasm
    আমার গান নিয়ে তো একটু উৎসাহও দেখাতে পারিস।amar gan niẏe tō ekṭu utśahō dekhate paris.You could show a little enthusiasm for my music, you know.

#### Derived terms

* উৎসাহিত (utśahitô, “enthusiastic”)
* উৎসুক (utśuk, “enthusiastic”)
# معنوی
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْنَوِيّ (maʕnawiyy).

### Adjective

معنوی • (manevi)
* spiritual
* unworldly
* mental
* moral

#### Descendants

* Turkish: manevi

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْنَوِيّ (maʕnawiyy).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maʔ.na.ˈwiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.nä.wíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.nä.wíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.nä.wíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.nä.wí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʔ.næ.víː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʔ.næ.víː]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [mæː.næ.víː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.nä.ví]

### Adjective

| Dari | معنوی |
| Iranian Persian | معنوی |
| Tajik | маънавӣ |
مَعنَوی • (ma'navi) (comparative مَعنَوی‌تَر (ma'navi-tar), superlative مَعنَوی‌تَرین (ma'navi-tarin))
* semantic
* mental
    مالکیت معنوی ― mâlekiyat-e ma'navi ― intangible property
* spiritual
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 4229:خوش بیان کرد آن حکیم غزنوی بهر محجوبان مثال معنویxoš bayân kard ân hakim-e ğaznavi bahr-e mahjubân mesâl-e ma'naviWell did the Sage of Ghazna set forth the [following] spiritual parable for the sake of those who are veiled [from perception of the truth].

#### Related terms

* مَعنَویَت (ma'naviyat)
* مَعنی (ma'ni)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: mənəvi
* → Ottoman Turkish: معنوی
** Turkish: manevi
# סמיכה
## Hebrew

* Root
* ס־מ־ך (s-m-k)
* 9 terms

### Noun

סְמִיכָה • (s'mikhá) f [pattern: קְטִילָה]
* (Judaism) semikhah (the ordination of a rabbi)

#### Related terms

* מוסמך (musmákh)

### Further reading

* סמיכה לרבנות on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew סמיכה (s'michá).

### Noun

סמיכה • (smikhe) f
* (Judaism) semikhah (the ordination of a rabbi)
# ingerować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Latin ingerere +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iŋ.ɡɛˈrɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: in‧ge‧ro‧wać

### Verb

ingerować impf (perfective zaingerować)
* (transitive) to interfere (to get involved, causing disturbance) [with w (+ accusative) ‘in something’]
    Synonym: interweniować
** 2013 January 16, Damazy Górski, Igor Kościelniak, Piotr Kowalczuk, “UE ingeruje we włoskie wybory”, in Rzeczpospolita‎, archived from the original on 2022-08-18:UE [Unia Europejska] ingeruje we włoskie wyboryThe EU is interfering in the Italian elections.

#### Related terms

* ingerencja

### Further reading

* ingerować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ingerować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# हीड्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হীড্ (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬷᬟ᭄ (Balinese script)
* হীড্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰱𑰚𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀻𑀟𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဟီဍ် (Burmese script)
* હીડ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਹੀਡ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑍀𑌡𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦷꦝ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑂲𑂙𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಹೀಡ್ (Kannada script)
* ហីឌ៑ (Khmer script)
* ຫີຑ຺ (Lao script)
* ഹീഡ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᡳᡳᡷ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘲𑘚𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠢᠢᢎ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧓𑦺𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐷𑐜𑑂 (Newa script)
* ହୀଡ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢲꢷꢞ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆵𑆝𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖱𑖚𑖿 (Siddham script)
* හීඩ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑩑𑩛𑩨 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚯𑚖𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஹீட்³ (Tamil script)
* హీడ్ (Telugu script)
* หีฑฺ (Thai script)
* ཧཱི་ཌ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒲𑒛𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨁𑨊𑨖𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd- (“fright, anger”), an extension of *ǵʰey- (“wound, thrust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, whence English ghost.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦiːɖ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦiːɖ/

### Root

हीड् • (hīḍ)
* to make angry, vex, offend
* to pull, tear

#### Derived terms

* हेड (héḍa)
* हीड (hīḍá)
* हीडित (hīḍitá)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “हीड्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1300.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 206
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “हीड्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हीड्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 338
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 175
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0427”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0427
# tadong
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtadoŋ/ [ˈta.d̪oŋ]
* Hyphenation: ta‧dong

### Noun

tádong (Basahan spelling ᜆᜇᜓᜅ᜔)
* intelligence
    Synonyms: dunong, tali

#### Derived terms

* katadongan
* magtadong
* matadong
# chismis
## Cebuano
### Noun

chismis
* Alternative form of tsismis

## Tagalog
### Noun

chismis (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔)
* Alternative spelling of tsismis

#### Derived terms

* chismisan
* magchismisan
* makipagchismisan
# Sìona
## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* Sìna

### Etymology

From Portuguese China, perhaps from Hindi चीन (cīn) and ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “the Chinese; China”) of uncertain etymology.

### Proper noun

Sìona f
* China

#### Derived terms

* Sìonach
* Sìonaich
* Sìonais
# fights fires
## English
### Verb

fights fires
* third-person singular simple present indicative of fight fires
# הגייה
## Hebrew

* Root
* ה־ג־ה (h-g-h)
* 3 terms

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

הגייה / הֲגִיָּה • (hagiyá) f [pattern: קְטִילָה]
* pronunciation

#### Related terms

* הָגָה
# funkcjonalny
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of French fonctionnel +‎ -ny, from Latin fūnctiōnālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuŋ.kt͡sjɔˈnal.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alnɘ
* Syllabification: fun‧kcjo‧nal‧ny

### Adjective

funkcjonalny (comparative bardziej funkcjonalny, superlative najbardziej funkcjonalny, derived adverb funkcjonalnie)
* functional (in good working order)
* functional (useful, serving a purpose)
    Synonym: praktyczny

#### Derived terms

* funkcjonalność

### Further reading

* funkcjonalny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* funkcjonalny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# етнологія
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos), with -ло́гія (-lóhija) ending from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía). Compare Russian этноло́гия (etnológija), Belarusian этнало́гія (etnalóhija), Polish etnologia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [etnɔˈɫɔɦʲijɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

етноло́гія • (etnolóhija) f inan (genitive етноло́гії, uncountable, relational adjective етнологі́чний)
* ethnology
    Synonym: народозна́вство n (narodoznávstvo)

#### Related terms

* етні́чний (etníčnyj)
* етно́граф m (etnóhraf)
* етнографі́чний (etnohrafíčnyj)
* етногра́фія f (etnohráfija)
* етно́лог m (etnóloh)
* е́тнос m (étnos)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “етнологія”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2014), “етнологія”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (з – зв'я́нути), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “етнологія”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “етнологія”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “етнологія”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “етнологія”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# Demotic Greek
## English
### Etymology

From Greek δημοτική (γλώσσα) (dimotikí (glóssa), “[language] of the people”).

### Noun

Demotic Greek (uncountable)
* The Modern Greek vernacular language. It became the official Modern Greek in 1976 when Katharevousa was replaced, and was written in polytonic script until 1982, and in monotonic script after 1982.

#### Holonyms

* Modern Greek

#### Coordinate terms

* Ancient Greek
* Classical Greek
* Katharevousa
* Koine

#### Related terms

* demotic

#### Further reading

* Demotic Greek on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# kıt kanaat
## Turkish
### Etymology

From kıt (“scarce, insufficient”) +‎ kanaat (“contentment, making do with”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɯt.ka.naːat/
* Hyphenation: kıt‧ka‧na‧at

### Adverb

kıt kanaat
* (idiomatic) In poverty, scarcity, hand-to-mouth, scantly.
    Synonym: kıtı kıtına

#### Related terms

* aklı kıt
* ikna
* kanaatkâr
* kani
* kıtlık

### Further reading

* “kıt kanaat”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kıt kanaat”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2641
# serapan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed serap +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [səˈrapan]
* Hyphenation: se‧rap‧an

### Noun

sêrapan (uncountable)
* absorber: something that absorbs.
* absorbent: anything which absorbs
    Synonym: penyerap

#### Derived terms

* kata serapan
* serapan anggaran

### Further reading

* “serapan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# apisyon
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish afición, from Latin affectiōnem (“affection”). Doublet of apeksiyon.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔapisˈjon/ [ʔɐ.pɪˈʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔapisˈjon/ [ʔɐ.pɪsˈjon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: a‧pis‧yon

### Noun

apisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* inclination; talent; hobby
    Synonyms: hilig, ingklinasyon, talento, kinahuhumalingan

#### Related terms

* apeksiyon
* apekta
* apektado
* apektasyon
* apektibo
* apekto
* apektuwoso
* apisyonado
* artepakto
* benepaktor
* benepisyado
* benepisyaryo
* benepisyo
* depeksiyon
* depektibo
* depekto
* depektuwoso
* depisit
* depisyensiya
* depisyente
* des-impeksiyon
* des-impekta
* des-impektante
* echos
* epektibo
* epekto
* epektos
* impeksiyon
* insupisyente
* itsura
* kumpeti
* kumpites
* kumpitis
* olpatoryo
* opisina
* opisyal
* opisyo
* paksiyon
* paktor
* paktura
* perpeksiyon
* perpekto
* petsa
* propisyente
* repektoryo
* satispaksiyon
* satispetso
* supisyente

### Further reading

* “apisyon”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “apisyon”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 15
# שכינה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

* Root
* שׁ־כ־ן (sh-k-n)
* 5 terms
Verbal noun of שָׁכַן (shakhán, “to dwell”).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ʃχiˈna/

### Noun

שְׁכִינָה • (sh'khiná) f [pattern: קְטִילָה]
* act of dwelling, residing
* (Judaism) shechinah

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew שְׁכִינָה.

### Noun

שכינה • (shkhine) f
* (Judaism) shechinah (divine presence of God)
# bioinspiration
## English
### Etymology

From bio- +‎ inspiration.

### Noun

bioinspiration (uncountable)
* inspiration from biological organisms, as in design etc.

#### Derived terms

* bioinspirational

#### Related terms

* bio-inspired
# іспаномовний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From іспа́н(ський) (ispán(sʹkyj), “Spanish”) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ мо́ва (móva, “language”) +‎ -ний (-nyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ispɐnɔˈmɔu̯nei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

іспаномо́вний • (ispanomóvnyj) (no comparative)
* Spanish-speaking, Hispanophone
* Spanish-language (written or spoken in Spanish)

#### Related terms

* іспа́нець m (ispánecʹ), іспа́нка f (ispánka)
* іспані́ст m (ispaníst), іспані́стка f (ispanístka)
* іспані́стика f (ispanístyka)
* Іспа́нія f (Ispánija)
* іспа́нський (ispánsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “іспаномовний”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “іспаномовний”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “іспаномовний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# pasokan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed pasok +‎ -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦱꦺꦴꦏꦤ꧀ (pasokan, “supply; deposit; rental fee”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈsɔkan/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: pa‧sok‧an

### Noun

pasokan (plural pasokan-pasokan)
* supply
    Synonyms: perbekalan, suplai
    Synonym: bekalan (Standard Malay)
* delivery
* (Internet) feed (encapsulated online content)
    Synonym: umpan
    Synonym: suapan (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* pasokan daya takterputus

### Further reading

* “pasokan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

pasokan
* Romanization of ꦥꦱꦺꦴꦏꦤ꧀
# mangaluluwa
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From mang- +‎ kaluluwa.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /maˌŋaluluˈa/ [mɐˌŋaː.lʊˈlwa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ma‧nga‧lu‧lu‧wa

### Noun

mangáluluwá (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅᜎᜓᜎᜓᜏ)
* to serenade homes to ask for alms while pretending to be souls temporarily released from purgatory on the eve of All Saints' Day

#### Related terms

* pangangaluluwa
# soleil
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French soleil.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

soleil
* (Polari) sun
** 1967, Kenneth Horne, Bona Bijou Tourettes (Round the Horne), season 3, episode 12:Divine. ... Disportinging yourself on the sable plage getting your lallies all bronzed - your riah getting bleached by the soleil.

#### Related terms

* brise soleil

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French soleil, from Old French soleil, from Vulgar Latin *sōliculus, diminutive of Latin sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔ.lɛj/, /so.lɛj/
* Audio (France):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛj

### Noun

soleil m (plural soleils)
* sun (star)
    Il fait soleil.It is sunny.
    Regarder le soleil fait mal aux yeux.Looking at the sun hurts the eyes.
* sunflower
    Synonym: tournesol

#### Derived terms

* bain de soleil
* carte soleil
* coucher de soleil
* coup de soleil
* fondre comme neige au soleil
* lever du soleil
* lunettes de soleil
* pays du Soleil Levant
* prendre le soleil
* rien de nouveau sous le soleil
* soleil de minuit
* soleil de plomb
* soleil mexicain
* un-deux-trois-soleil

#### Related terms

* solaire
* solarium

### Further reading

* “soleil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

From French soleil (“sun”).

### Noun

soleil
* sun

### References

* Alcée Fortier, Louisiana Folktales

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French soleil.

### Noun

soleil m (plural soleils)
* sun (star)

#### Descendants

* French: soleil

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* souleil, soloil

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sōliculus, diminutive of Latin sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Compare Old Occitan solelh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈleʎ/

### Noun

soleil oblique singular, m (oblique plural soleuz or soleilz, nominative singular soleuz or soleilz, nominative plural soleil)
* sun (star)

#### Descendants

* Gallo: soulai
* Franc-Comtois: soroiye
* Middle French: soleil
** French: soleil
* Norman: solé
* Walloon: solea
# rutilismo
## Italian
### Etymology

Classical Latin rutilus (“having a warm or yellowish red colo(u)r; strawberry blonde”, adjective) +‎ -ismo (“-ism”, suffix denoting a trait or condition)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ru.tiˈli.zmo/
* Rhymes: -izmo
* Hyphenation: ru‧ti‧lì‧smo

### Noun

rutilismo m (uncountable)
* redheadedness (trait of having red hair)

#### Related terms

* rutilante
* rutilare
* rutilo

### References

* rutilismo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# אשמה
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־שׁ־ם (ʾ-sh-m)
* 6 terms

### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic إِثْم (ʔiṯm).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /aʃˈma/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

אַשְׁמָה • (ashmá) f (plural indefinite אֲשָׁמוֹת, singular construct אשמת־, plural construct אשמות־) [pattern: קַטְלָה]
* blame; fault
    זה לא אשמתי שאין לך מספיקze lo ashmatí she'éin lekhá maspík.It's not my fault you don't have enough.
# 𗃮

| 𗃮 | U+170EE, &#94446; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-170EE |
| ← 𗃭 [U+170ED] | Tangut | 𗃯 → [U+170EF] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *dźiow²
* (Miyake 2019): *²jon₂
* (Kychanov 2006): *nôn²
* (Sofronov 1968): *nôn²
* (Nishida 1966): *ⁿdžǐow²

### Definitions

𗃮 (radical 𘠈+9, 10 strokes, composition ⿲𘠈𘦳𘡑)
* certificate; official document
* complaint

#### Compounds

* 𗃮𗅮 (*dźiow² dju¹)
* 𗃮𗖖 (*dźiow² njɨ̣¹)
* 𗃮𗖚𘎆𘟣 (*dźiow² sa² dźjwɨ¹ dju¹)
* 𗃮𗟨 (*dźiow² lhjwi¹)
* 𗃮𗟨𘃡𗇋 (*dźiow² lhjwi¹ wji¹ mjijr²)
* 𗃮𘃡 (*dźiow² wji¹)
* 𗃮𘕿𘂬 (*dźiow² ɣa² ꞏo¹)
* 𗅮𗃮 (*dju¹ dźiow²)
* 𘓟𗃮 (*dźiej² dźiow²)
* 𘝞𗃮 (*ꞏjwɨr² dźiow²)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 20A, column 3, character 1
   * B edition: folio 21A, column 1, character 7
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 3407
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 1635-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 4091
* Nishida, Tatsuo (1966) 西夏文小字典 [Little Dictionary of Tangut] (in Japanese), character 180-108
# споруджувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From the спору́дж- (sporúdž-) stem of споруди́ти (sporudýty) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spoˈrud͡ʒʊʋɐte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

спору́джувати • (sporúdžuvaty) impf (perfective споруди́ти)
* to build, to construct, to erect, to raise (:structure)
    Synonyms: будува́ти impf (buduváty), вибудо́вувати impf (vybudóvuvaty)

#### Derived terms

* спору́джувальний (sporúdžuvalʹnyj)
* спору́джування n (sporúdžuvannja)
* спору́джуватися impf (sporúdžuvatysja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “споруджувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “споруджувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “споруджувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “споруджувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “споруджувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “споруджувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)