# гайка
## Belarusian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɣajka]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ajka
* Hyphenation: гай‧ка

### Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йкі, nominative plural га́йкі, genitive plural га́ек, relational adjective га́ечны, diminutive га́ечка)
* nut (a metal part of various shapes with a hole that has a screw thread for screwing on something)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* ↑ Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “га́йка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 17

### Further reading

* “гайка”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “гайка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. Further origin is uncertain:
* Either related to Bulgarian жир (žir, “fat, grease”), гоя́ (gojá, “to lush”) with initial meaning something that fastens, fixates (compare Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to hinder one's motion”), Czech hájit (“to protect”));
* or from the root of Bulgarian га́щи (gášti, “pants”), originally meaning something that fits onto.
See Russian га́йка (gájka) for further discussion and cognates.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡajkɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f (relational adjective га́ечен, diminutive га́йчица)
* nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)
    Synonym: (dialectal, dated) нави́тък (navítǎk)

#### Derived terms

* га́ечен ключ (gáečen ključ, “spanner, wrench”)

### References

* “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Old Ruthenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. First attested in the 18th century.

### Noun

гайка • (hajka) f inan
* nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
* Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)

### References

* ↑ Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гайка”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 243

## Russian
### Etymology

Per Trubachev and Anikin (although Vasmer expressed skepticism) from Proto-Slavic *gajьka (“something that connects; something that prohibits”), derived from Proto-Slavic *gajiti (“to protect”).
Attested since 17th century.
Cognates include Serbo-Croatian gȃjka (“movable ring; nut”), dialectal Czech hajka (“straw landmark on a pole as a sign prohibiting road use”), Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to slow down; to linger”), Czech hájiti (“to protect, care”), Slovak hájit’ (“to protect, stand up for”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡajkə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural га́йки, genitive plural га́ек, relational adjective га́ечный, diminutive га́ечка)
* nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)

#### Related terms

* гайковёрт (gajkovjórt), га́ечный ключ (gáječnyj ključ)
* гайконарезно́й (gajkonareznój)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: գայկա (gayka)
* → Azerbaijani: qayka
* → Bulgarian: га́йка (gájka)
* → Ingrian: gaika
* → Old Ruthenian: га́йка (hájka)
** Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
** Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)
* → Turkmen: gaýka
* → Votic: gaikõ

### References

* ↑ Anikin, A. E. (2015) “гайка”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 9 (врандовать – галоп), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 323
   * Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гайка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

### Further reading

* гайка in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦai̯kɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Probably inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

#### Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural гайки́, genitive plural гайо́к, relational adjective гайкови́й, diminutive га́єчка)
* nut (fastener intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt)
    закру́чувати/закрути́ти гайки́ (idiomatic) ― zakrúčuvaty/zakrutýty hajký ― to tighten the screws, to put the screws, to clamp down (literally, “to tighten the nuts”)

##### Derived terms

* гайкове́рт m (hajkovért)
* гайконарізни́й (hajkonariznýj)
* гайкоштампува́ння (hajkoštampuvánnja)

### Etymology 2

Possibly from га́яння (hájannja) +‎ -ка (-ka).

#### Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural гайки́, genitive plural гайо́к)
* (colloquial, rare) delay, tarrying
    Synonym: за́три́мка f (zátrýmka)

##### Related terms

* га́яння n (hájannja)
* га́яти impf (hájaty)
* га́ятися impf (hájatysja)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “гайка”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 453
   * Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “гайка”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN, page 439
   * “гайка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1971), “гайка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Г – Ж), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 16
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “гайка”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “гайка”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “гайка”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “гайка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)