# 十字
## Chinese
### Etymology

From a cross's graphical resemblance to the character 十 (shí, “ten”). Already used by the Liang dynasty for the "cross-shaped" sense.

#### Christian cross

    Attested as early as 781 CE on the Xi'an Stele.
    判十字以㝎四方，皷元風而生二氣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]判十字以㝎四方，皷元风而生二气。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: 大秦景教流行中國碑頌Pàn shízì yǐ 㝎 sìfāng, 皷 yuán fēng ér shēng èr qì. [Pinyin]He appointed the cross as the means for determining the four cardinal points, he moved the original spirit, and produced the two principles of nature.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shízì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄗˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sap$^6$ zi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): shib$^ˋ$ sii$^˖$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-lī / si̍p-jī
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shízì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄗˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhzìh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-tzŭ$^4$
*** Yale: shŕ-dz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrtzyh
*** Palladius: шицзы (šiczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$十字 識字 / 识字
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sap$^6$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: sahp jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sap$^9$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seb$^6$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐp̚² t͡siː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: siib sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sib$^6$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shib$^ˋ$ sii$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃip² sɨ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-lī
*** Tâi-lô: si̍p-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sibli
*** IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² li³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² li²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-jī
*** Tâi-lô: si̍p-jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sibji
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² zi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

### Noun

十字
* cross; crucifix
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 十 (shí),‎ 字 (zì).

#### Derived terms

* 北歐十字 / 北欧十字 (Běi-Ōu shízì)
* 十字節 / 十字节
* 十字車 / 十字车
* 十字軍 / 十字军 (shízìjūn)
* 橫羅十字 / 横罗十字
* 畫十字 / 画十字
* 紅十字 / 红十字 (Hóngshízì)
* 鐵十字 / 铁十字

### Adjective

十字
* (attributive) cross-shaped
    From: s:zh:樂府詩集/070卷#同前四首（梁•吳均）
    Jūn bùjiàn xīlíng tián, cónghéng shízì chéng mòqiān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 十字架 (shízìjià)
* 十字溝 / 十字沟 (Shízìgōu)
* 十字繡 / 十字绣 (shízìxiù)
* 十字聖號 / 十字圣号 (shízì shènghào)
* 十字花押
* 十字花科 (shízìhuākē)
* 十字螺絲刀 / 十字螺丝刀 (shízì luósīdāo)
* 十字螺絲批 / 十字螺丝批
* 十字街 (shízìjiē)
* 十字街頭 / 十字街头
* 十字褡 (shízìdā)
* 十字路 (shízìlù)
* 十字路口 (shízìlùkǒu)
* 十字鎬 / 十字镐 (shízìgǎo)
* 十字韌帶 / 十字韧带 (shízìrèndài)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 十(じゅう)字(じ) (jūji)
* → Korean: 십자(十字) (sipja)
* → Vietnamese: thập tự (十字)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 字 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 十字 (MC dzyip dziH)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうじ [júꜜùjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) じゅうじ [jùújí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːʑi]

### Noun

十(じゅう)字(じ) • (jūji)
* ten characters
* cross (shape)
    Synonym: 十文字 (jūmonji)
** 1903, 泉鏡花, 二世の契‎, 青空文庫:
    唯(ただ)、彼(あ)のこはれ／″＼の停車場(ステエシヨン)のあとへ来(き)た時(とき)、雨露(あめつゆ)に曝(さら)された十字(じふじ)の里程標(りていへう)が、枯草(かれくさ)の中(なか)に、横(よこ)になつて居(ゐ)るのを見(み)て、何(なん)となく荒野(あれの)の中(なか)の磔柱(はりつけばしら)ででもあるやうに思(おも)つた。
       Tada, ano kowaregoware no sutēshon no ato e kita toki, ametsuyu ni sarasareta jūji no riteihyō ga, karekusa no naka ni, yoko ni natte iru no o mite, nan to naku areno no naka no haritsukebashira de de mo aru yō ni omotta.
       But when I came to the ruins of that dilapidated station, I saw a weather-beaten, cross-shaped milepost lying on its side on withered grass, and somehow it seemed like a crucifixion cross in the wilderness.
* (Christianity) sign of the cross
    十字(じゅうじ)を切(き)る
       jūji o kiru
       to cross oneself
* Short for 十字架 (jūjika).

#### Derived terms

* 十(じゅう)字(じ)架(か) (jūjika)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)花(か) (jūjika)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)街(がい) (jūjigai)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)花(か)冠(かん) (jūji kakan)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)轡(ぐつわ) (jūjigutsuwa)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)軍(ぐん) (jūjigun)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)懸(けん)垂(すい) (jūji kensui)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)座(ざ) (jūjiza)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)石(せき) (jūjiseki)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)の名(みょう)号(ごう) (jūji no myōgō)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)砲(ほう)火(か) (jūji hōka)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)路(ろ) (jūjiro)
* 十(じゅう)字(じ)を切(き)る (jūji o kiru)
* 鉤(かぎ)十(じゅう)字(じ) (kagijūji)
* 紅(こう)十(じゅう)字(じ) (kōjūji)
* 赤(せき)十(じゅう)字(じ) (sekijūji)
* 複(ふく)十(じゅう)字(じ) (fukujūji)
* 緑(みどり)十(じゅう)字(じ) (midorijūji)
* 南(みなみ)十(じゅう)字(じ)座(ざ) (minami jūjiza)
* 南(みなみ)十(じゅう)字(じ)星(せい) (minami jūjisei)
* 緑(りょく)十(じゅう)字(じ) (ryokujūji)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 十 | 字 |

### Noun

十字 • (sipja) (hangeul 십자)
* hanja form of 십자 (“cross”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 十 | 字 |

### Noun

十字
* chữ Hán form of thập tự (“cross”).