# 椿

| 椿 | U+693F, &#26943; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-693F |
| ← 椾 [U+693E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 楀 → [U+6940] |

## Translingual
### Han character

椿 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木手大日 (DQKA), four-corner 4596$_3$, composition ⿰木春)

#### Derived characters

* 𢢫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 538, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15090
* Dae Jaweon: page 925, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1242, character 8
* Unihan data for U+693F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 躉 | *tuːnʔ |
| 窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
| 沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
| 頓 | *tuːns |
| 扽 | *tuːns |
| 黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
| 屯 | *duːn, *tun |
| 飩 | *duːn |
| 豘 | *duːn |
| 軘 | *duːn |
| 坉 | *duːn |
| 邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
| 忳 | *duːn |
| 芚 | *duːn |
| 庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 囤 | *duːnʔ |
| 迍 | *tun |
| 杶 | *tʰun |
| 瑃 | *tʰun |
| 椿 | *tʰun |
| 偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
| 肫 | *tjun |
| 訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
| 春 | *tʰjun |
| 蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 蒓 | *djun |
| 賰 | *hljunʔ |
| 鬊 | *hljuns |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūn (chun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thun / chhun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chun
*** Wade–Giles: chʻun$^1$
*** Yale: chwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuen
*** Palladius: чунь (čunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceon$^1$
*** Yale: chēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thun
*** Tâi-lô: thun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: twn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰun³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
*** Tâi-lô: tshun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit椿 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ /t͡sʰuən²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰun⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰun²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰun⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰuŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: trhwin
Rime :
| Character | 椿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丑倫切 |
| Baxter | trhwin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰiuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰwin/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰiuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶʰi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceon$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰun/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 椿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12566 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 椿 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰun/ |

### Definitions

椿
* Chinese toon (Toona sinensis), a type of tree that blooms white flowers in the summer and has edible leaves
    alt. forms: 杶 (chūn), 櫄 (chūn)
* tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
* (figurative) father
* of advanced age

### Compounds

* 椿壽 / 椿寿
* 椿庭
* 椿木營 / 椿木营 (Chūnmùyíng)
* 椿萱 (chūnxuān)
* 椿萱並茂 / 椿萱并茂
* 椿象 (chūnxiàng)
* 椿齡 / 椿龄
* 綠椿象 / 绿椿象
* 緣椿象 / 缘椿象
* 臭椿 (chòuchūn)
* 萱花椿樹 / 萱花椿树
* 角肩椿象
* 香椿 (xiāngchūn)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01757

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* Chinese mahogany (Toona sinesis)
* unexpected
* camellia

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちゅん (chun)
* Kan-on: ちゅん (chun)
* Kan’yō-on: ちん (chin)
* Kun: つばき (tsubaki, 椿)

#### Compounds

* 椿事(ちんじ) (chinji)
* 椿寿(ちんじゅ) (chinju)
* 椿説(ちんせつ) (chinsetsu)
* 椿庭(ちんてい) (chintei)
* 椿堂(ちんどう) (chindō)
* 椿葉(ちんよう) (chin'yō)
* 椿嶺(ちんれい) (chinrei)
* 大椿(だいちん) (Daichin)
* 椿象(カメムシ) (kamemushi)
* 香(チャン)椿(チン) (chanchin)
* 菜椿象(ナガメ) (nagame)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 椿
* つばき Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 山茶 海石榴 海柘榴
⟨tubaki$_1$⟩ → */tubakʲi/ → /t͡subaki/
From Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つばき [tsúꜜbàkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨba̠kʲi]

### Noun

椿(つばき) or 椿(ツバキ) • (tsubaki)
* a camellia, especially the Japanese camellia, Camellia japonica
    Synonym: 山茶 (sancha)
    Hyponyms: 藪椿 (yabu tsubaki), 雪椿 (yuki tsubaki)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 73:, text here
    吾妹(わぎも)子乎(こを)早(はや)見(み)濱風(はまかぜ)倭(やまと)有(なる)吾(＊)松(まつ)椿(つばき)不吹有(ふかざる)勿(な)勤(ゆめ) [Man'yōgana]
    我妹(わぎも)子(こ)を早(はや)見(み)浜風(はまかぜ)大和(やまと)なる我(あ)を松(まつ)椿(つばき)吹(ふ)かざるなゆめ [Modern spelling]

#### Derived terms

* 椿(つばき)油(あぶら) (tsubaki abura)
* 椿市(つばいち) (Tsubaichi)
* 椿(つばき)灰(ばい) (tsubaki-bai)
* 椿(つばき)姫(ひめ) (Tsubaki-hime)
* 椿(つばき)餅(もち) (tsubaki mochi), 椿(つばい)餅(もちい) (tsubai mochii)
* 椿(つばき)桃(もも) (tsubakimomo), 椿(つばい)桃(もも) (tsubaimomo)
* 落(お)ち椿(つばき) (ochitsubaki)
* 乙(オト)女(メ)椿(ツバキ) (otome tsubaki)
* 唐(から)椿(つばき) (kara-tsubaki)
* 寒(カン)椿(ツバキ) (kantsubaki)
* 玉(たま)椿(つばき) (tama tsubaki)
* 列列(つらつら)椿(つばき) (tsuratsura tsubaki)
* 唐(トウ)椿(ツバキ) (tō-tsubaki)
* 夏(ナツ)椿(ツバキ) (natsu tsubaki)
* 花(はな)椿(つばき) (hana tsubaki)
* 浜(はま)椿(つばき) (hama tsubaki)
* 姫(ひめ)椿(つばき) (hime-tsubaki)
* 冬(ふゆ)椿(つばき) (fuyu tsubaki)
* 藪(ヤブ)椿(ツバキ) (yabu tsubaki)
* 山(やま)椿(つばき) (yama tsubaki)
* 雪(ユキ)椿(ツバキ) (yuki tsubaki)
* 斎(ゆ)つ真(ま)椿(つばき) (yu tsu ma-tsubaki)

#### See also

* 山茶花(サザンカ) (sazanka)
* 茶(チャ) (cha), 茶(ちゃ)の木(き) (cha no ki)

### Proper noun

椿(つばき) • (Tsubaki)
* a place name
* a surname
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

椿 • (chun) (hangeul 춘, revised chun, McCune–Reischauer ch'un, Yale chwun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

椿: Hán Nôm readings: xoan, xuân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.