# 芹

| 芹 | U+82B9, &#33465; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B9 |
| ← 芸 [U+82B8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芺 → [U+82BA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芹 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿竹一中 (THML), four-corner 4422$_1$, composition ⿱艹斤)

#### Derived characters

* 𣄄, 𣔠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1021, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30742
* Dae Jaweon: page 1480, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3182, character 3
* Unihan data for U+82B9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蘄 | *ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn |
| 祈 | *ɡɯl |
| 頎 | *ɡɯl |
| 旂 | *ɡɯl |
| 圻 | *ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn |
| 蚚 | *ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls |
| 岓 | *ɡɯl |
| 玂 | *ɡɯl |
| 沂 | *ŋɡɯl |
| 掀 | *qʰan |
| 釿 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn |
| 齗 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn |
| 听 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ |
| 垽 | *ŋrɯns, *qɯns |
| 斤 | *kɯn, *kɯns |
| 菦 | *kɯnʔ |
| 靳 | *kɯns |
| 劤 | *kɯns |
| 勁 | *kɯns, *keŋs |
| 赾 | *kʰɯnʔ |
| 芹 | *ɡɯn |
| 近 | *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns |
| 斦 | *ŋɡɯn |
| 欣 | *qʰɯn |
| 忻 | *qʰɯn |
| 昕 | *qʰɯn |
| 訢 | *qʰɯn |
| 炘 | *qʰɯn, *qʰɯns |
| 邤 | *qʰɯn |
| 庍 | *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs |
| 焮 | *qʰɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qín (qin$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kin$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qin$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiùn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiun$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ge̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khûn / khîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): keng$^5$ / kêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qín
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cín
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kan$^4$
*** Yale: kàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ken$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰin²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiun¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /keiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn
*** Tâi-lô: khûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quun
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰun²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn
*** Tâi-lô: khîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰin²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: keng$^5$ / kêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂ng / khêng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jin
*** MiniDict: jin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin¹³/
* Middle Chinese: gj+n
Rime :
| Character | 芹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨斤切 |
| Baxter | gj+n |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɢ]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 芹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[ɢ]ər/ |
| English | cress |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6657 |
| Phonetic component | 斤 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勤 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯn/ |

### Definitions

芹
* water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica)
* celery (Apium graveolens)
* (figurative) meager; humble

### Compounds

* 一芹
* 掇芹
* 採芹人 / 采芹人
* 水芹 (shuǐqín)
* 獻芹 / 献芹
* 芹意
* 芹獻 / 芹献
* 芹菜 (qíncài)
* 芹藻
* 茴芹 (huíqín)
* 采芹
* 野人獻芹 / 野人献芹
* 鴨兒芹 / 鸭儿芹

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: せり (seri, 芹)

#### Compounds

* 献芹(けんきん) (kenkin)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 芹
* せり Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せり [sèríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [se̞ɾʲi]

### Noun

芹(せり) or 芹(セリ) • (seri)
* water dropwort, Oenanthe javanica
    Hypernym: 春の七草
    Coordinate terms: 芹, 薺, 御形, 繁縷, 仏の座, 菘, 蘿蔔

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

#### Derived terms

* 毒芹(ドクゼリ) (dokuzeri)
* 沼芹(ヌマゼリ) (numazeri)
* 浜芹(ハマゼリ) (hamazeri)
* 山芹(ヤマゼリ) (yamazeri)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

芹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

芹: Hán Nôm readings: cần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.