# 擗

| 擗 | U+64D7, &#25815; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64D7 |
| ← 擖 [U+64D6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擘 → [U+64D8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

擗 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手尸口十 (QSRJ), four-corner 5004$_1$, composition ⿰扌辟)
* to beat the breast

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12834
* Dae Jaweon: page 808, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1973, character 3
* Unihan data for U+64D7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嬖 | *peːɡs |
| 薜 | *beːɡs, *preːɡ |
| 鐾 | *beːɡs |
| 臂 | *peɡs |
| 譬 | *pʰeɡs |
| 避 | *beɡs |
| 檗 | *preːɡ |
| 擘 | *preːɡ |
| 糪 | *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ |
| 掰 | *preːɡ |
| 繴 | *breːɡ, *peːɡ |
| 辟 | *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ |
| 璧 | *peɡ |
| 鐴 | *peɡ |
| 躄 | *peɡ |
| 襞 | *peɡ |
| 僻 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 癖 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 廦 | *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ |
| 擗 | *beɡ |
| 躃 | *beɡ |
| 闢 | *beɡ |
| 壁 | *peːɡ |
| 鼊 | *peːɡ |
| 霹 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 劈 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 澼 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 憵 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 甓 | *beːɡ |
| 鷿 | *beːɡ |
| 幦 | *mbeːɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pǐ (pi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pik$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): peh / perh / peeh / phek / pi̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pǐ
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^3$
*** Yale: pǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pii
*** Palladius: пи (pi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pik$^1$
*** Yale: pīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɪk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
*** Tâi-lô: peh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /peʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: perh
*** Tâi-lô: perh
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
*** Tâi-lô: peeh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
*** Tâi-lô: phik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi̍t
*** Tâi-lô: pi̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pit
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pit̚⁴/
* peh/perh/peeh - vernacular;
* phek - literary.
* Middle Chinese: bjiek
Rime :
| Character | 擗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房益切 |
| Baxter | bjiek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*beɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 擗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjiek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ek/ |
| English | beat the breast |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 685 |
| Phonetic component | 辟 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擗 |
| Old Chinese | /*beɡ/ |

#### Definitions

擗
* to beat the breast
* (Hokkien) to beat the mind; to grieve; to cry loudly; to wail
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to fold the limbs (as if distraught)
* (Hokkien) to break open; to split open; to tear open
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to chip; to scratch

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): pek$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phia̍k / pia̍k / phia̍p / phiak
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pek$^6$
*** Yale: pehk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pég$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛːk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Taichung, Tainan, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: phia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung): /pʰiak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: pia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /piak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /piak̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: phia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiap
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiap̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
*** Tâi-lô: phiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
*** IPA (Tainan): /pʰiak̚³²/
* phiak - “sound of hitting; to lash out”.

#### Definitions

擗
* (Cantonese, transitive) to discard; to throw away
    擗咗佢啦！ [Cantonese] ― pek$^6$ zo$^2$ keoi$^5$ laa$^1$! [Jyutping] ― Just throw it away already!
* (Hokkien) soft sound made by thin objects like cloth, paper, arrows, fire, etc. being blown or whistling through the wind: flutter; rustle; whoosh
* (Hokkien) to fling or hit with sudden force
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to lash out or rebuke with heated words
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to gush out and splash everywhere (of liquid, etc.)
* (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) sound of hitting
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to shoot (with a catapult, rubber band, etc.)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to dash lime, ash, mud, etc. on a wall
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to calculate (on an abacus)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟棄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 撇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拽, 扔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 甩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 撂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 撂, 甩, 板 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擗, 掉, 𢫕, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擗, 掉, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 擗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 丟, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 丟, 㧒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 撂, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 丟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 溜, 轆, 獻, 抾, 挌 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 捔, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 摜, 甩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 撂, 丟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞 |

##### Derived terms

* 擗仔
* 擗出去
* 擗喙䫌 / 擗喙𱂮
* 擗捒
* 擗樹奶 / 擗树奶
* 擗火
* 擗走
* 蝦蛄擗仔 / 虾蛄擗仔
* 鳥擗 / 鸟擗
* 鳥擗仔 / 鸟擗仔
* 鳥鼠擗仔 / 鸟鼠擗仔

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to beat the breast

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): へき (heki)、びゃく (byaku)、ひゃく (hyaku)、はく (haku)
* Kun: むねをうつ (muneoutsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

擗 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyekaa)
* to beat the breast

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擗: Hán Nôm readings: bịch, tịch, vích, phích, phịch
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation