OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# давньокитайський
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From да́вній (dávnij) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ Кита́й (Kytáj) +‎ -ський (-sʹkyj). Compare Russian древнекита́йский (drevnekitájskij).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɐu̯nʲɔkeˈtai̯sʲkei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

давньокита́йський • (davnʹokytájsʹkyj)
* ancient Chinese
    Synonym: старокита́йський (starokytájsʹkyj)
    давньокита́йське прислі́в'я ― davnʹokytájsʹke pryslívʺja ― ancient Chinese proverb

#### Related terms

* Кита́й m (Kytáj)
* кита́йський (kytájsʹkyj)
* старокита́йський (starokytájsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2013), “давньокитайський”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (д – жучо́к), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “давньокитайський”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “давньокитайський”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
# Bühne
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German büne (“wooden stage, platform, deck, ceiling”), of obscure origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbyːnə/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Bühne f (genitive Bühne, plural Bühnen)
* a stage
* a scaffolding

#### Derived terms

* Arbeitsbühne
* Bühnenanweisung
* Bühnenarbeiter
* Bühnenauftritt
* Bühnenautor m (“playwright”)
* Bühnenbearbeitung
* Bühnenbild
* Bühnenbildner
* Bühnendichter
* Bühneneingang
* Bühnenerfahrung
* Bühnenerfolg
* Bühnenfassung
* Bühneninszenierung
* Bühnenkulisse
* Bühnenleiter
* Bühnenlift
* Bühnenmusik f (“incidental music”)
* Bühnenpersonal
* Bühnenprogramm
* Bühnenreißer
* Bühnenrequisite
* Bühnensprache
* Bühnenstück
* Bühnenvorhang m (“stage curtain”)
* Dachbühne
* etwas über die Bühne bringen
* Freilichtbühne
* Hauptbühne
* Hebebühne
* Opernbühne
* Schaubühne
* Schauspielbühne
* Spielbühne
* Theaterbühne f (“theater stage”)

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: bina
* → Romanian: bină
* → Serbo-Croatian: bina

### Further reading

* “Bühne” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Bühne” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Bühne” in Duden online
* Bühne on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# deliryo
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish delirio, from Latin dēlīrium, from dēlīrō (“I deviate from the path”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: de‧lir‧yo
* IPA: /deˈliɾjo/ [d̪eˈl̪iɾ̪.jo]

### Noun

deliryo
* delirium

### Verb

deliryo
* to be afflicted with delirium

#### Conjugation
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* diliryo

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish delirio.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /deˈliɾjo/ [d̪ɛˈliɾ.jo]
* Rhymes: -iɾjo
* Syllabification: de‧lir‧yo

### Noun

deliryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)
* delirium; frenzied rapture
    Synonyms: hibang, pagkahibang, kahibangan

#### Derived terms

* deli-deliryuhan
* kadeliryuhan
* magdeliryo
* pagdedeliryo
# 羊群
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yángqún
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^4$ kwan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yòng-khiùn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yángqún
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yángcyún
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^2$-chʻün$^2$
*** Yale: yáng-chyún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yangchyun
*** Palladius: янцюнь (jancjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^4$ kwan$^4$
*** Yale: yèuhng kwàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^4$ kwan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^4$ kuen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²¹ kʷʰɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng-khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˇ$ kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^2$ kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹ kʰi̯un¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng-khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˇ$ kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^2$ kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ¹¹ kʰi̯un¹¹/

### Noun

羊群
* flock of sheep

#### Derived terms

* 羊群心態 / 羊群心态
* 羊群心理
* 羊群效應 / 羊群效应 (yángqún xiàoyìng)
# 斯瓦爾巴
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (斯瓦爾巴) | trad. (斯瓦爾巴) | 斯 | 瓦 | 爾 | 巴 |
| simp. (斯瓦尔巴) | simp. (斯瓦尔巴) | 斯 | 瓦 | 尔 | 巴 |
* 斯瓦爾巴

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Sīwǎ'ěrbā
    (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄨㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Sīwǎ'ěrbā [Phonetic: sīwáěrbā]
*** Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄨㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sihwǎ-ěrba
*** Wade–Giles: Ssŭ$^1$-wa$^3$-êrh$^3$-pa$^1$
*** Yale: Sz̄-wǎ-ěr-bā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sywoaeelba
*** Palladius: Сываэрба (Syvaerba)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

斯瓦爾巴
* Svalbard (an archipelago northeast of Greenland in the Arctic Ocean, politically part of Norway)

#### Synonyms

* (chiefly Taiwan) 斯瓦巴 (Sīwǎbā)

#### Derived terms

* 斯瓦爾巴和揚馬延 / 斯瓦尔巴和扬马延
* 斯瓦爾巴條約 / 斯瓦尔巴条约
# klinker
## English
### Noun

klinker (countable and uncountable, plural klinkers)
* Dated form of clinker.

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch klinker.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkləŋ.kər/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

klinker (plural klinkers, diminutive klinkertjie)
* vowel
* clinker (brick)
* hardtack

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklɪŋ.kər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: klin‧ker
* Rhymes: -ɪŋkər

### Etymology 1

From earlier klinckaerd, klinkert, from Middle Dutch clinker, clinkaert, related to Middle Low German klinkert (“hard-fired brick”); equivalent to klinken +‎ -er.

#### Noun

klinker m (plural klinkers, diminutive klinkertje n)
* clinker brick; (by extension) any kind of brick used for pavement

##### Alternative forms

* klinkaard (dated)
* klinkerd (dated)

##### Derived terms

* klinkerweg

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: klinker
* Negerhollands: klinker
* → English: clinker
* → German: Klinker
* → Papiamentu: klenker, klenku
* → West Frisian: klinkert

### Etymology 2

From earlier klincker, equivalent to klinken +‎ -er, short for klinckletter (“sounding-letter”), a calque of Latin littera vocālis (“sounding-letter”). Compare Middle Dutch clinker (“announcer, crier”).

#### Noun

klinker m (plural klinkers, diminutive klinkertje n)
* (phonetics) vowel
    Synonyms: klinkletter, vocaal
    Coordinate term: medeklinker
    Het Nederlands heeft vijf basisklinkers: a, e, i, o, u.Dutch has five basic vowels: a, e, i, o, u.
    De klinkers in het woord "huis" zijn "ui".The vowels in the word "huis" (house) are "ui".
    De taalkundige bestudeert de verschillende klinkers in verschillende talen.The linguist studies the different vowels in various languages.
* (uncommon, orthography) vowel letter (character that designates a vowel)
    Synonym: klinkletter

##### Derived terms

* medeklinker
* slotklinker

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: klinker
* → West Frisian: klinker

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish klinkier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkliŋ.kɛr/
* Rhymes: -iŋkɛr
* Syllabification: klin‧ker

### Noun

klinker m inan (related adjective klinkerowi)
* clinker (very hard brick)

#### Derived terms

* klinkerowniô
* klinkerówka

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “klinkier”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “klinkier”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Swedish
### Noun

klinker c
* (countable or collectively) clinker, clinker brick (hard brick)

#### Declension
### References

* klinker in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* klinker in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* klinker in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# גילגול
## Hebrew

* Root
* ג־ל־ג־ל (g-l-g-l)
* 7 terms

### Noun

גילגול / גִּלְגּוּל • (gíl'gul) m (plural indefinite גִּילְגּוּלִים, plural construct גִּילְגּוּלֵי־) [pattern: קִטּוּל]
* The act of rolling.
* The preparation of a cigarette or a joint by folding paper.
* (biblical, in the plural) idols
* metamorphosis

#### References

* “גלגול” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
* H1544 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

#### Further reading

* גלגול (מכניקה) on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# വെടി
## Malayalam
### Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋeɖi/

### Noun

വെടി • (veṭi)
* shot
* shooting
* (slang, derogatory) slut
* (slang) boastful lie

#### Derived terms

* വെടിമരുന്ന് (veṭimarunnŭ)

### References

* Gundert, Hermann (1872) “വെടി”, in A Malayalam and English dictionary, Mangalore, London: C. Stolz; Trübner & Co.
# carter
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English carter, cartere, cartare, equivalent to cart +‎ -er. Merged with Middle English careter, caretier (“coachman, charioteer”, a surname), from Anglo-Norman careter (compare French charretier).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈkɑɹtɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɑːtə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: Carter
* Homophone: carder (in accents with flapping)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: cart‧er

### Noun

carter (plural carters)
* A person who transports a load on a cart that is drawn by a beast of burden.
** 1989, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, translated by H. T. Willetts, August 1914, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 95:They were all two-horse wagons with sacks piled high above their sides and covered with tarpaulins. The wagon train had evidently only just moved out, and the carters had not yet taken their seats but were walking alongside.
* A fish, the whiff or Marysole.

#### Coordinate terms

* horse-drawn
* oxcart

#### Derived terms

* cane carter
* carterly
* undercarter
* under-carter

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Crater, arrect, crater, tracer

## Catalan
### Etymology

From carta +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kərˈte]
* IPA: (Valencia) [kaɾˈteɾ]

### Noun

carter m (plural carters, feminine cartera)
* postman, letter carrier
* (card games) reserve (remaining cards not dealt out)

#### Derived terms

* carteria

### Further reading

* “carter” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## French
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaʁ.tɛʁ/

#### Noun

carter m (plural carters)
* housing (of an engine)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaʁ.te/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

carter
* to verify a person's age etc by inspecting his identity card

##### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “carter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Gallo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

carter
* (transitive) to fold (laundry)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English charter, from Middle English charter, chartre, from Old French chartre, from Latin chartula (diminutive of charta).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃartər]
* Hyphenation: car‧têr
* Rhymes: -tər, -ər, -r

### Verb

carter
* to charter: to lease or hire something by charter.
    Synonym: sewa

#### Derived terms

* carteran
* mencarter
* pencarter
* pencarteran

### Further reading

* “carter” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Noun

carter m (invariable)
* chain guard (on a bicycle or motorcycle)
* oil sump (in a car)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaʈər/, /kaʁtər/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ər
* Hyphenation: cart‧er
* Homophone: karter

### Noun

carter m
* indefinite plural of carte

### Anagrams

* tracer
# ওপৰ
## Assamese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ.pɔɹ/

### Noun

ওপৰ • (üpor)
* up, top, upper
    Antonym: তল (tol)
    ইয়াৰ ওপৰটো তলটোতকৈ সৰু।iar üportü toltütkoi xoru.Its top is smaller than the bottom.

#### Derived terms

* উপৰি (upori)
* উপৰিও (uporiü)
* উপৰীয়া (uporia)
* উপৰুৱা (uporua)
* ওপৰণি (üproni)
* ওপৰত (üporot)
* ওপৰলৈ (üproloi)
* ওপৰা-উপৰি (üpora-upori)
* ওপৰে ওপৰে (üpore üpore)
# tubos
## Asturian
### Noun

tubos
* plural of tubu

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tu‧bos

### Verb

tubos
* to redeem a pawned item
* to accomplish or finish a task for someone

## Galician
### Noun

tubos
* plural of tubo

## Interlingua
### Noun

tubos
* plural of tubo

## Latin
### Noun

tubōs
* accusative plural of tubus

## Portuguese
### Noun

tubos
* plural of tubo

## Spanish
### Noun

tubos m pl
* plural of tubo

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus. Compare Ilocano subbot, Kapampangan atbus, Cebuano tubos, Malay tebus, and Toba Batak tobus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tuˈbos/ [t̪ʊˈbos]
* Rhymes: -os
* Syllabification: tu‧bos

### Noun

tubós (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔)
* ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)
* redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)
    Synonym: pagtubos

#### Derived terms

* katubusan
* manunubos
* matubos
* pagkatubos
* pagtubos
* pagtubos
* pantubos
* panubos
* patubusin
* tubusin
* tumubos

### Further reading

* “tubos”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “tubos”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*tebus”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# daguso
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daˈɡusoʔ/ [d̪aˈɡu.soʔ]
* Hyphenation: da‧gu‧so

### Noun

dagusò (Basahan spelling ᜇᜄᜓᜐᜓ)
* assault
    Synonym: salakay

#### Derived terms

* dagusuon
* magdaguso
# cohesin
## English
### Etymology

From cohesion +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koʊˈhisən/
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cohesin (plural cohesins)
* (biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins responsible for binding the sister chromatids during mitosis

#### Derived terms

* intercohesin
* intracohesin

### Anagrams

* conshie, schoeni
# מתועב
## Hebrew

* Root
* ת־ע־ב (t-ʿ-b)
* 3 terms

### Adjective

מתועב / מְתֹעָב • (m'toáv)
* disgusting, revolting, abhorrent
# нафтопереробний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From на́фта (náfta) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ переро́бний (pereróbnyj). Compare Russian нефтеперераба́тывающий (neftepererabátyvajuščij), Belarusian нафтаперапрацо́ўчы (naftapjerapracóŭčy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐftɔpereˈrɔbnei̯]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

нафтопереро́бний • (naftopereróbnyj)
* (relational) oil refining (attributive)
    нафтопереро́бна промисло́вість ― naftopereróbna promyslóvistʹ ― oil refining industry
    нафтопереро́бний заво́д ― naftopereróbnyj zavód ― oil refinery (literally, “oil refining plant”)

#### Related terms

* нафтопереро́бка f (naftopereróbka)
* нафтопереро́блення n (naftopereróblennja)
* нафтопереро́бник m (naftopereróbnyk)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “нафтопереробний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2019), “нафтопереробний”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 10 (на́ступ – о́бміль), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “нафтопереробний”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “нафтопереробний”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “нафтопереробний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “нафтопереробний”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “нафтопереробний”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
* Нафтопереробна промисловість on the Ukrainian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{uk}$
* Нафтопереробний завод on the Ukrainian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{uk}$
# Flucht
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flʊxt/
* Rhymes: -ʊχt

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German vluht, from Old High German fluht, from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti (“escape”). Pertaining to fliehen (“to flee”).

#### Noun

Flucht f (genitive Flucht, plural Fluchten)
* escape, flight (act of fleeing)

##### Derived terms

* Ausflucht
* Flucht nach vorn
* fluchtartig
* flüchten
* Fluchtgedanke
* Fluchtgrund
* Fluchthelfer
* flüchtig
* Flüchtling
* Fluchtmöglichkeit
* Fluchtplan
* Fluchtroute
* Fluchtursache
* Fluchtversuch
* Fluchtweg
* Gefangenenflucht
* Kapitalflucht
* Landflucht
* Massenflucht
* Republikflucht
* Unfallflucht

### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German vlucht, from Old Saxon fluht, from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti (“flying”). Pertaining to fliegen (“to fly”).

#### Noun

Flucht f (genitive Flucht, plural Fluchten)
* (construction, technical) line, alignment (vertical or horizontal line along which houses, walls, windows or other building elements are arranged)
* (construction, dated as a simplex) suite, line of rooms, number of rooms interconnected by doors
    Synonyms: Suite, Zimmerflucht
* (ornithology) flock of birds
    Synonym: Schwarm (the normal word)

##### Derived terms

* Bauflucht
* Dachflucht
* Fensterflucht
* Fluchtgerade
* Fluchtlinie
* Fluchtpunkt
* Häuserflucht
* Raumflucht
* Treppenflucht
* Zimmerflucht

### Further reading

* “Flucht” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Plautdietsch
### Noun

Flucht f (plural Fluchte)
* flight (act of fleeing)
* escape
# samuol
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saˈmuʔol/ [sɐˈmuː.ʔol]
* Rhymes: -uʔol
* Syllabification: sa‧mu‧ol

### Noun

samuol (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋᜓᜂᜎ᜔)
* full mouthful; mouth-filling feed (especially put in the mouth hurriedly)
* putting hurriedly into one's mouth (especially of food)

#### Derived terms

* isamuol
* pagsamuol

#### See also

* subo
# rawan
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrawan]
* Hyphenation: ra‧wan

### Etymology 1

From Malay rawan.

#### Adjective

rawan
* affected, moved, touched
    Synonyms: pilu, sayu, terharu
* critical, crucial, serious, grave.
    Synonym: gawat
* problematic, vulnerable, fragile.
* young, smooth
    Synonyms: lembut, muda

#### Noun

rawan
* (anatomy) ellipsis of tulang rawan (“cartilage”).

#### Derived terms

* berawan
* kerawanan
* merawan
* merawankan
* serawan
* rawan bencana
* rawan hati

### Etymology 2

From Urdu رواں (ravāṅ', “to set agoing”), from Persian روان (ravân, “flowing”).

#### Noun

rawan
* (archaic) vehicle
    Synonym: kendaraan
    takhta rawan ― plank

### Further reading

* “rawan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# gagliardo
## Italian
### Etymology

Cognate to French gaillard.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaʎˈʎar.do/
* Rhymes: -ardo
* Hyphenation: ga‧gliàr‧do

### Adjective

gagliardo (feminine gagliarda, masculine plural gagliardi, feminine plural gagliarde, superlative gagliardissimo)
* strong, robust, vigorous
** 1818–1836, Giacomo Leopardi, “XLI — Dello stesso”, in Canti, lines 10–15; republished as Alessandro Donati, editor, Bari: publ. Laterza, 1917:Mentre è vermiglio il fiore di nostra etade acerba, l’alma vòta e superba cento dolci pensieri educa invano, né morte aspetta né vecchiezza; e nulla cura di morbi ha l’uom gagliardo e sano.When the flower of our unripe age is vermilion, the empty, haughty soul raises a hundred sweet thoughts, and expects neither death nor old age. And the healthy, vigorous man has no care for illnesses.
* (uncommon) brave, valiant
** 1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “CCLXVII — Oimè il bel viso, oimè il soave sguardo”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 1–4; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:Oimè il bel viso, oimè il soave sguardo, oimè il leggiadro portamento altero; oimè il parlar ch’ogni aspro ingegno et fero facevi humile, ed ogni huom vil gagliardo!Ah, the beautiful face! Ah, the gentle look! Ah, the graceful, haughty bearing! Ah, the voice that made any harsh, cruel disposition humble, and any coward brave!
* lively, energetic
** 1349–1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata quarta – Novella prima”, in Decameron; republished as Aldo Francesco Massera, editor, Il Decameron‎, Bari: Laterza, 1927:Era costei bellissima del corpo e del viso quanto alcuna altra femina fosse mai, e giovane e gagliarda e savia piú che a donna per avventura non si richiedea.She had a most beautiful body and face, more than any other woman; and young, and lively, and knowledgeable, more than anyone could ask a woman for.
** 1932, “Parlami d'amore Mariù”, Ennio Neri (lyrics), Cesare Andrea Bixio (music), performed by Vittorio De Sica:So che una bella e gagliarda sirena sei tu / So che si perde chi guarda quegli occhi tuoi blu.I know you're a beautiful, lively siren; I know whoever looks into your blue eyes gets lost.
* forceful, strong, vigorous
** raging (of fire)
** heavy (of artillery fire)
** lively (of plants)
** strong (of wine)
** (Rome) strong (of coffee)
** effective (of medications)
* (phonetics, obsolete, rare) unvoiced (said of the letters S and Z)
** 1643, Benedetto Buommattei, “S. Quanti suoni accenni [S - How many sounds it suggests]” (chapter 15), Trattato terzo - Delle lettere, in Della lingua toscana‎; republished, Florence, Verona: Pierantonio Berno, 1720, page 39:L’S ancora ci ſegna due ſuoni diverſi: uno gagliardo, e uno rimeſſo.[L'esse ancora ci segna due suoni diversi: uno gagliardo, e uno rimesso.]The S also shows two different sounds: an unvoiced one, and a voiced one.
    Synonyms: forte, aspro
* (regional) excessive (of weight)

#### Derived terms

* alla gagliarda
* gagliardamente
* ingagliardire

### Further reading

* gagliardo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# bębennica
## Old Polish
### Etymology

From bęben +‎ -nica. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /bæ̃bɛnɲit͡sa/
* IPA: (15th CE) /bæ̃bɛnɲit͡sa/

### Noun

bębennica f (male equivalent bębennik)
* (attested in Lesser Poland) female equivalent of bebennik (“percussionist; drummer”)
** 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 67, 27:Przeszly sø ksøszøta prziløczeni zpewaiøczim posrzod mlodziczek bøbennicz[Przeszli są książęta przyłączeni śpiewającym pośrzod młodziczek bębennic]

#### Related terms

* bęben
* bębenek
* bębenica
* bębennik

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bębennica”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
# איום
## Hebrew

* Root
* א־י־ם (ʾ-y-m)
* 3 terms

### Pronunciation 1

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)aˈjom/

#### Adjective

איום / אָיֹם • (ayóm) (feminine איומה / אָיֻמָּה, masculine plural איומים / אָיֻמִּים, feminine plural איומות / אֲיֻמּוֹת) [pattern: קָטֹל]
* threatening, frightening, terrifying
** Tanach, Habakkuk 1:7, with translation of the American Standard Version:אָיֹם וְנוֹרָא הוּא מִמֶּנּוּ מִשְׁפָּטוֹ וּשְׂאֵתוֹ יֵצֵא׃'ayóm v'norá hú miménu mishpató us'etó yetsé.They are terrible and dreadful; Their judgment and their dignity proceed from themselves.
* terrible, unbearable

##### References

* H366 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Pronunciation 2

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)iˈjum/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

אִיּוּם • (iyum) m (plural indefinite אִיּוּמִים, plural construct אִיּוּמֵי־) [pattern: קִטּוּל]
* a threat