# tornar
## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Navarro-Aragonese tornar from Latin tornāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toɾˈna(ɾ)/

### Verb

tornar
* (intransitive) to return, to go/come back
* (transitive) to return, to give back
* to do again, to repeat [with a (+ infinitive)]
    El tornarem a fer ― We will do it again
* (pronominal) to turn, to become

#### Conjugation
## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin tornāre.

### Verb

tornar (first-person singular indicative present torno, past participle tornáu)
* to turn, turn back
* to drive away, make something turn back
    Tórnami eses cabres, nun les dexes entrar pa equíDrive away those goats, don't let them come in here
* to return, come back
    Tornaben cansaos de la folixaThey returned tired from the party
* to prevent, impede, keep from (doing something)
* to block the way
    Tornólu pa echalu d'equíHe/She blocked his way to kick him out of here
* to protect from
    Estos calcetos nun tornen ná de fríuThese socks don't protect anything at all from the cold
* (reflexive) to turn, become, transform
* to translate

#### Derived terms

* tornar nún

#### Related terms

* torna

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan tornar, from Latin tornāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [turˈna]
* IPA: (Balearic) [torˈna]
* IPA: (Valencia) [toɾˈnaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

tornar (first-person singular present torno, first-person singular preterite torní, past participle tornat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/
* (intransitive) to return, to go/come back
* (transitive) to return, to give back
* to do again, to repeat [with a (+ infinitive)]
    Ho tornarem a fer ― We will do it again
* (pronominal) to turn, to become

#### Derived terms

* tornar-se vermell

### References

* “tornar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin tornāre (“to turn”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “carpenter's tool for drawing a circle; turning lathe”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toɾˈnaɾ/

### Verb

tornar (first-person singular present torno, first-person singular preterite tornei, past participle tornado)
* (catenative) (to do something) again; to return to [with a (+ infinitive) ‘doing something’]
** 1862, Ramón Barros Sibelo, Desdichas do meu amor:Acaba se por fin a noit'escura E o día torna a virThe dark night finally ends And the day comes again
* (transitive) to turn
* (transitive) to turn back
* (transitive) to drive away
    Synonym: escorrentar
** 1812, Ramón González Serna, Carta Recomendada:é ó mesmo que tornar os paxaros de un tarreo para que non coman ó grao, é deixar ó mesmo tempo portelos abertos para que ó coman os porcosit is the same as driving away the birds from a terrain so that they don't eat the grain, and then leaving the gates open for the pigs to do it
* (intransitive) to be repugnant, to be disgusting
    Ese caldo torna! Está podre! ― That broth is disgusting! It's spoiled!
* (intransitive) to return
    Synonym: volver
* (intransitive) to change; to transform; to become
    Synonym: volver
** c. 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 131:Para esto ual a çebolla assada pisada con miucas da terra et con as llesmez et con manteyga rretuda desuu, todo amasado et coyto et meixudo todo ataa que se torne espeso como jngentofor this is valid roasted onion crushed with earthworms and with slugs and melted butter, all together, kneaded and cooked and stirred till it becomes thick as an ointment

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* tornadoira
* tornadoiro
* Tornadoiro
* tornafogo
* tornapeixes
* tornarratos
* tornaviaxe
* tornaxeira
* torneira
* torneiro
* Torneiros

#### Related terms

* torna
* torno

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tornar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tornar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tornar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “tornar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tornar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “tornar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tornar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Verb

tornar (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of tornare

## Ladino
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish tornar, from Latin tornāre.

### Verb

tornar (Latin spelling)
* to turn, rotate
* to come back, to return

#### Related terms

* tornar atrás (“go back, return, retreat”)
* tornar en si (“come to one's senses”)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

tornar m
* indefinite plural of torn

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan tornar, from Latin tornāre.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

tornar (Gascony, Languedoc)
* to return; to come back

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* i tornar
* tornar a son èsser
* tornar a son item
* tornar brida
* tornar sul rèire-pè

### Further reading

* Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, p. 132
* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 670.

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin tornāre.

### Verb

tornar
* (transitive) to turn (to rotate or reorient)
* (intransitive) to turn into [with en ‘something’]

#### Descendants

* Catalan: tornar

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tornar, from Latin tornāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /toʁˈna(ʁ)/ [toɦˈna(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /toʁˈna(ʁ)/ [toɦˈna(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /toɾˈna(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /toʁˈna(ʁ)/ [toʁˈna(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /toɻˈna(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tuɾˈnaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tuɾˈnaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tuɾˈna.ɾi/
* (Northeast Brazil) IPA: /tɔɦˈna(h)/
* (Rural Central Brazil) IPA: /tuɹˈna(ɹ)/
* Hyphenation: tor‧nar

### Verb

tornar (first-person singular present torno, first-person singular preterite tornei, past participle tornado)
* (ditransitive) to make (to cause to be)
    A recessão tornou tudo caro. ― The recession made everything expensive.
* (pronominal) to become; to turn into
    Synonyms: ficar, transformar-se em, virar
    De novo, através da investigação, torna-se claro. ― Again, by investigation, it becomes clear.
    O príncipe tornou-se um sapo. ― The prince became a toad.
* (intransitive) to return; to come back [with a ‘to a prior location’]
    Synonyms: retornar, voltar
    Precisamos tornar imediatamente! ― We need to return immediately!
* (transitive) to return (to give back) [with direct object ‘something’ and a ‘to someone’]
    Synonyms: devolver, restituir, retornar
    O ladrão não quis tornar as joias aos donos. ― The thief didn’t want to return the jewels to the owners.
* (auxiliary) to (do) again; to return to [with a (+ infinitive) ‘doing something’]
    Ele tornou a roubar depois que saiu da cadeia. ― He returned to stealing after he got out of jail.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Descendants

* Macanese: tornâ

### Further reading

* “tornar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “tornar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “tornar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin tornāre. Cognate with English turn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toɾˈnaɾ/ [t̪oɾˈnaɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: tor‧nar

### Verb

tornar (first-person singular present torno, first-person singular preterite torné, past participle tornado)
* (transitive) to return
    Synonym: devolver
* (intransitive) to come back; to go back
    Synonyms: regresar, retornar, volver
** 1877, Benito Pérez Galdós, Gloria:Como además vieron al doctor Sedeño abstraído en la lectura de los periódicos políticos, tornaron al jardín.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (transitive) to put back
* (transitive) to change
* (catenative) to (do) again [with a (+ infinitive) ‘do something’]
* (intransitive) to revive (to recover from a state of unconsciousness)
* (reflexive) to become (e.g. change in a characteristic, nature of something or status)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* contorno
* entorno
* retornar
* tornado
* tornamesas
* tornillo
* torniquete
* torno
* trastorno

### Further reading

* “tornar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Verb

tornar
* present indicative of torna

### Anagrams

* tronar

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin tornāre. Compare Italian tornare.

### Verb

tornar
* (transitive, intransitive) to return

#### Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.