# 恙

| 恙 | U+6059, &#24665; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6059 |
| ← 恘 [U+6058] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恚 → [U+605A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恙 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿土心 (TGP), four-corner 8033$_1$, composition ⿱𦍌心)

#### Derived characters

* 𫱛, 𪬝, 㺊, 𣗹, 𧏮, 䭐, 𭼞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10565
* Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2292, character 10
* Unihan data for U+6059

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 样 | *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ |
| 佯 | *zlaŋ, *laŋ |
| 詳 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 洋 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 翔 | *ljaŋ |
| 庠 | *ljaŋ |
| 祥 | *ljaŋ |
| 痒 | *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 姜 | *klaŋ |
| 羌 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 蜣 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 猐 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 唴 | *kʰlaŋs |
| 羊 | *laŋ |
| 徉 | *laŋ |
| 烊 | *laŋ |
| 蛘 | *laŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 眻 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 鴹 | *laŋ |
| 恙 | *laŋs |
| 羕 | *laŋs |
| 樣 | *laŋs |
| 漾 | *laŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 心.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàng (yang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ióng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàng
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^4$
*** Yale: yàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanq
*** Palladius: ян (jan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^6$
*** Yale: yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ióng
*** Sinological IPA : /yɔŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iōng
*** Tâi-lô: iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iăng
*** Sinological IPA : /iaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yan
*** MiniDict: yan$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²³/
* Middle Chinese: yangH
Rime :
| Character | 恙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘亮切 |
| Baxter | yangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*laŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14547 |
| Phonetic component | 羊 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 漾 |
| Old Chinese | /*laŋs/ |

### Definitions

恙
* worry
* disaster; calamity
* illness; ailment
* (～蟲) chigger

### Compounds

* 別來無恙 / 别来无恙 (bié lái wúyàng)
* 安然無恙 / 安然无恙 (ānránwúyàng)
* 小恙
* 布帆無恙 / 布帆无恙
* 微恙 (wēiyàng)
* 恙蟲 / 恙虫
* 恙蟲病 / 恙虫病 (yàngchóngbìng)
* 抱恙 (bàoyàng)
* 有恙
* 無恙 / 无恙 (wúyàng)
* 貴恙 / 贵恙 (guìyàng)
* 賤恙 / 贱恙

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* disaster; calamity

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)
* Kun: つつが (tsutsuga, 恙)、つつみ (tsutsumi, 恙)、やまい (yamai, 恙)

#### Compounds

* 恙(よう)虫(ちゅう) (yōchū)
* 恙(よう)病(びょう) (yōbyō)
* 疾(しつ)恙(よう) (shitsuyō)
* 小(しょう)恙(よう) (shōyō)
* 清(せい)恙(よう) (seiyō)
* 微(び)恙(よう) (biyō)
* 無(ぶ)恙(よう) (buyō)
* 無(む)恙(よう) (muyō)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つつが [tsùtsúgá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨt͡sɨɡa̠]

### Noun

恙(つつが) • (tsutsuga)
* disaster; calamity
** 1914, “故郷(ふるさと) (Furusato)”, 高(たか)野(の)辰(たつ)之(ゆき) (Takano Tatsuyuki) (lyrics), 岡(おか)野(の)貞(てい)一(いち) (Okano Teīchi) (music):
    如何(いか)にいます父(ちち)母(はは) 恙(つつが)無(な)しや友(とも)がき
       ika ni imasu chichihaha tsutsuganashi ya tomogaki
       Father and mother―are they doing well? Is everything well with my old friends?

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

恙 (eum 양 (yang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恙: Hán Nôm readings: dạng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation