OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# inclusion
## English
### Alternative forms

* enclusion (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin inclusio, inclusionis, from the verb Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). By surface analysis, include +‎ -sion. Doublet of enclosure.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪnˈkluːʒən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːʒən

### Noun

inclusion (countable and uncountable, plural inclusions)
* (countable) An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.
    The poem was a new inclusion in the textbook.
* (uncountable) The act of including, i.e. adding or annexing, (something) to a group, set, or total.
    The inclusion of the poem added value to the course.
* (countable) Anything foreign that is included in a material,
* (countable, mineralogy) Any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation, as a defect in a precious stone.
** 2009, Cindy Lasiter, Diamonds in the Rough, Xulon Press, →ISBN, page xi:The fewer inclusions a diamond has, the better is its clarity and value. Often the inclusions can be cut out of a diamond in the rough.
* (cytology) A nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregate of stainable substances.
* (histology) An object completely inside a tissue, such as epidermal inclusion cyst, a cyst in the epidermis.
* (mathematics) A mapping where the domain is a subset of the image.
* (obsolete) Restriction; limitation.

#### Antonyms

* exclusion

#### Derived terms

* bioinclusion
* e-inclusion
* inclusionary
* inclusion complex
* inclusion compound
* inclusion function
* inclusionism
* inclusionist
* inclusion map
* inclusion polymorphism
* inclusion rider
* inclusion unit
* microinclusion
* nanoinclusion
* noninclusion
* overinclusion
* postinclusion
* preinclusion
* pseudoinclusion
* reinclusion
* transclusion
* underinclusion

#### Related terms

* include

#### See also

* Inclusion (mineral) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

#### Further reading

* inclusion on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French inclusion, borrowed from Latin inclūsiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.kly.zjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

inclusion f (countable and uncountable, plural inclusions)
* inclusion

#### Related terms

* inclure
* inclus
* inclusif

### Further reading

* “inclusion”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin inclūsiō.

### Noun

inclusion f (plural inclusions)
* inclusion

#### Related terms

* inclure

### Further reading

* Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎, 2 edition, →ISBN, page 559.
* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 338.
# дотепер
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Univerbation of до (do) +‎ тепе́р (tepér).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɔteˈpɛr]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adverb

дотепе́р • (dotepér)
* hitherto, thus far, to date, up to now
    Synonyms: дони́ні (donýni), до́сі (dósi), до цьо́го ча́су (do cʹóho čásu), пони́ні (ponýni)

#### Derived terms

* дотепе́рішній (dotepérišnij)

### References

* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2013), “дотепер”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (д – жучо́к), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “дотепер”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1971), “дотепер”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Г – Ж), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 392
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “дотепер”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “дотепер”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “дотепер”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# hypnotise
## English
### Alternative forms

* hypnotize (US)

### Etymology

Derived from hypnot(ic) +‎ -ise (verbal derivational suffix).

### Verb

hypnotise (third-person singular simple present hypnotises, present participle hypnotising, simple past and past participle hypnotised)
* (transitive) To induce a state of hypnosis in.

#### Synonyms

* mesmerise

#### Derived terms

* hypnotisability
* hypnotisable
* hypnotism
* hypnotist

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: hypnotisent, hypnotises

### Verb

hypnotise
* inflection of hypnotiser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative
# abatino
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From abato (“abbot”) +‎ -ino (feminine suffix). Compare Ido abadino.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [abaˈtino]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ino
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧ti‧no

### Noun

abatino (accusative singular abatinon, plural abatinoj, accusative plural abatinojn)
* abbess
** 1907, Friedrich Schiller, translated by L. L. Zamenhof, La rabistoj:... Kaj la mizera kriado kaj plorado, kaj fine la maljuna murmuristino, la abatino, vestita kiel Evo antaŭ la falo...... And the miserable screaming and crying, and finally the old man murmurer, the abbess, dressed as Eve before the fall...

#### Related terms

* abateco
* abatejo
* abato

### References

* “abatino”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, 2020

## Italian
### Etymology

From abate (“abbot”) +‎ -ino (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.baˈti.no/
* Rhymes: -ino
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧tì‧no

### Noun

abatino m (plural abatini)
* diminutive of abate
* a young abbot, particularly one that is elegant and gallant
* (ecclesiastical, rare) altar boy
* (sports slang, rare) an athlete possessing technique but lacking physical strength

### Further reading

* abatino in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* abitano
# удосконалювати
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* вдоскона́лювати (vdoskonáljuvaty) (after vowels)

### Etymology

From удоскона́лити (udoskonályty) +‎ -ювати (-juvaty). Compare Belarusian удаскана́льваць (udaskanálʹvacʹ), Polish udoskonalać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊdɔskɔˈnalʲʊʋɐte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

удоскона́лювати • (udoskonáljuvaty) impf (perfective удоскона́лити) (transitive)
* to perfect
* to refine, to hone, to improve

#### Usage notes

* The forms удоскона́лювати (udoskonáljuvaty) (used after consonants or at the beginning of a clause) and вдоскона́лювати (vdoskonáljuvaty) (used after vowels) differ in pronunciation but are considered variants of the same word.

#### Derived terms

* удоскона́лювання n (udoskonáljuvannja)
* удоскона́люватися impf (udoskonáljuvatysja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “удосконалювати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “удосконалювати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “удосконалювати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# noguera
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Late Latin (arbor) nucāria, from Latin nux.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [nuˈɣe.ɾə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [noˈɣe.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [noˈɣe.ɾa]

### Noun

noguera f (plural nogueres)
* walnut tree
    Synonyms: noguer, (Valencia) anouer, (Valencia) anouera

#### Derived terms

* noguerar
* noguereda
* noguereta
* noguerina
* nouguerola

#### Related terms

* nou

### Further reading

* “noguera” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “noguera”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “noguera” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “noguera” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin (arbor) nucāria (literally “nut tree”), from Latin nux. Compare Portuguese nogueira, French noyer, Catalan noguera, Occitan noguièr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noˈɡeɾa/ [noˈɣ̞e.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: no‧gue‧ra

### Noun

noguera f (plural nogueras)
* walnut (tree)
    Synonym: nogal

### Further reading

* “noguera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* guanero, Noruega
# fréquenté
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁe.kɑ̃.te/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

fréquenté (feminine fréquentée, masculine plural fréquentés, feminine plural fréquentées)
* frequented (thronged)

#### Derived terms

* surfréquenté

#### Related terms

* fréquentation

### Participle

fréquenté (feminine fréquentée, masculine plural fréquentés, feminine plural fréquentées)
* past participle of fréquenter

### Further reading

* “fréquenté”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# Tagboan
## English
### Proper noun

Tagboan
* A barangay of Cataingan, Masbate, Philippines.
# alapaw
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈlapaw/ [ʔɐˈlaː.paʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -apaw
* Syllabification: a‧la‧paw

### Noun

alapaw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜉᜏ᜔)
* clumsy climb; clambering over (usually on top of a moving animal or vehicle)

#### Derived terms

* alapawan
* pag-alapaw
* umalapaw

#### Related terms

* kubabang
* kubabaw
* sampa
# segn
## Bavarian
### Etymology

From Old High German sehan, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan. Compare German sehen, Low German sehn, Hunsrik sihn, Dutch zien, English see, Danish se, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛːŋ/, [ˈse̞ːŋ]

### Verb

segn (past participle gsegn)
* to see

#### Conjugation
## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin signum.

### Noun

segn m (plural segns)
* sign
* mark
* score

#### Related terms

* segnâ
* segnâl

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

segn f or m (definite singular segna or segnen, indefinite plural segner, definite plural segnene)
* Alternative form of sagn n

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse sǫgn f (“speech”). Cognates include Icelandic sögn and Swedish sägen.

### Noun

segn f (definite singular segna, indefinite plural segner, definite plural segnene)
* something which is said
* a fairytale

#### Derived terms

* segna, segne (verb)
* folkesegn
* fornsegn
* framsegn
* fråsegn
* føresegn
* gudesegn
* heltesegn
* huldresegn
* illsegn
* motsegn
* omsegn
* opphavssegn
* sannsegn
* segnfigur
* segnforteljar
* segnhelt
* segnkonge
* segnkrins
* segnmotiv
* segnomspunnen
* segnskapnad
* segntradisjon
* seiandesegn
* tilsegn
* trollsegn
* utsegn

### References

* “segn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* seng

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* seġen

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin signum (“sign”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sejn/

### Noun

seġn m or n
* a sign; mark; token
* (military) a banner; standard; ensign
# palpación
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /palpaˈθjon/ [pal.paˈθjõn]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /palpaˈsjon/ [pal.paˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: pal‧pa‧ción

### Noun

palpación f (plural palpaciones)
* palpation

#### Related terms

* palpar

### Further reading

* “palpación”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# удосконалити
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* вдоскона́лити (vdoskonályty) (after vowels)

### Etymology

From у- (u-) +‎ доскона́лий (doskonályj, “perfect”) +‎ -ити (-yty). Compare Belarusian удаскана́ліць (udaskanálicʹ), Polish udoskonalić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊdɔskɔˈnaɫete]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

удоскона́лити • (udoskonályty) pf (imperfective удоскона́лювати) (transitive)
* to perfect
* to refine, to hone, to improve

#### Usage notes

* The forms удоскона́лити (udoskonályty) (used after consonants or at the beginning of a clause) and вдоскона́лити (vdoskonályty) (used after vowels) differ in pronunciation but are considered variants of the same word.

#### Derived terms

* удоскона́лення n (udoskonálennja)
* удоскона́литися pf (udoskonálytysja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “удосконалити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “удосконалити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “удосконалити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# પઠાણ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸𑀦 (*paṭṭhāna), from earlier *𑀧𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀦 (*paṣṭāna), borrowed from Old Iranian. Cognate with Bengali পাঠান (paṭhan), Hindustani پَٹھان (paṭhān) / पठान (paṭhān), Marathi पठाण (paṭhāṇ), Odia ପଠାଣ (paṭhāṇa), and Punjabi پَٹھاݨ / ਪਠਾਣ (paṭhāṇ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈpə.ʈʰɑɳ/
* Rhymes: -ɑɳ
* Hyphenation: પ‧ઠાણ

### Noun

પઠાણ • (paṭhāṇ) m (feminine પઠાણી)
* Pashtun, Pathan
* (historical) Kabuli
    Synonym: કાબૂલી (kābūlī)

### Proper noun

પઠાણ • (paṭhāṇ) f
* a surname, Pathan

#### Derived terms

* પઠાણી (paṭhāṇī)
# conservatism
## English
### Etymology

From Latin cōnservāre (“to conserve; to keep, guard, observe”).

### Noun

conservatism (countable and uncountable, plural conservatisms)
* A political philosophy that advocates traditional values.
* A risk-averse attitude or approach.

#### Synonyms

* conservativism

#### Derived terms

* archconservatism
* bioconservatism
* compassionate conservatism
* fiscal conservatism
* hyperconservatism
* liberal conservatism
* national conservatism
* neoconservatism
* one-nation conservatism
* overconservatism
* paleoconservatism
* social conservatism
* theoconservatism
* ultraconservatism

#### Related terms

* conservation
* conservationist
* conservative
* conservativeness
* conservator
* conservatory
* conserve

#### Translations
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French conservatisme.

### Noun

conservatism n (uncountable)
* conservatism
# Dumalinao
## English
### Proper noun

Dumalinao
* A municipality of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.
# irap
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔiɾap/ [ˈʔiː.ɾɐp̚]
* Rhymes: -iɾap
* Syllabification: i‧rap

### Noun

irap (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜉ᜔)
* angry squint or look

#### Derived terms

* irapan
* mag-irapan
* pag-irap
* pairap
* umirap

### Anagrams

* apir, pari
# ᬳᬾᬫᬾᬤ᭄
## Balinese
### Etymology

Derived from ᬫᬾᬤ᭄ (méd, “to pull”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /emet/
* Rhymes: -met
* Hyphenation: é‧méd

### Verb

ᬳᬾᬫᬾᬤ᭄ (éméd)
* to pull forcefully

#### Derived terms

* ᬗᬾᬫᬾᬤ᭄ (ngéméd)
* ᬳᬾᬫᬾᬤ (éméda)

### Further reading

* “emed” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia], Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].
# albue
## Danish
### Etymology 1

Equivalent to alen (“ell”) +‎ bue (“bow”). From Old Norse al(n)bogi, ǫl(n)bogi, from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô, cognate with Swedish armbåge, English elbow, German Ellbogen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈalˌb̥uːə]

#### Noun

albue c (singular definite albuen, plural indefinite albuer)
* elbow

##### Derived terms

* albueben n
* albueled n
* albuerum n
* albuestød n
* rundsave på albuerne
* tennisalbue c

### Etymology 2

From the noun.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈalˌb̥uːə], [ˈalˌb̥uˀə]

#### Verb

albue (past tense albuede, past participle albuet)
* elbow

##### Conjugation
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse albogi, alnbogi, ǫlbogi, ǫlnbogi, a compound of ǫln, alin (“ell”), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“elbow”) and bogi (“bow”).

### Noun

albue m (definite singular albuen, indefinite plural albuer, definite plural albuene)
* an elbow

#### Alternative forms

* alboge

#### Derived terms

* albuerom, alburom

### Verb

albue (imperative albu, present tense albuer, passive albues, simple past and past participle albua or albuet, present participle albuende)
* (reflexive) to elbow (e.g. use one's elbows to push one's way through a crowd)

### See also

* olboge (Nynorsk)

### References

* “albue” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “albue_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “albue_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
# advisable
## English
### Alternative forms

* adviseable

### Etymology

From advise +‎ -able.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

advisable (comparative more advisable, superlative most advisable)
* (of a course of action) Worthy of being recommended; desirable.
    Synonyms: prudent, wise
** 1813, Jane Austen, chapter 19, in Pride and Prejudice:Perhaps it will be advisable for me to state my reasons for marrying.
** 1949 November and December, “Notes and News: The High Level Bridge, Newcastle: Strengthening and Repairs”, in Railway Magazine, page 407:Owing to the war, it was not thought advisable to carry out repairs to this pier, as this would have involved the temporary narrowing of the channel, and it was not until 1919 that it was decided to proceed with the construction of a steel-pile coffer dam round the south pier.
* (of a person) Capable of being advised or willing to be advised.
    Synonym: counselable

#### Derived terms

* advisability
* advisableness
* advisably
* inadvisable
* unadvisable

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* abdelavis
# lawlaw
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: law‧law

### Noun

lawlaw
* dried salted sardine

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “reduplication; compare lawman”)

### Noun

lawlaw
* craziness

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* laolao, laulau — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Hokkien 落落 (làu-làu, “loose”), according to Manuel (1948), or possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 老 (lāu, “old”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). However, Zorc (1985) disagrees and offers a more native etymon. Compare Cebuano lawlaw and Kapampangan lolo.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /lawˈlaw/ [laʊ̯ˈlaʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -aw
* Syllabification: law‧law

#### Adjective

lawláw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔)
* dangling; sagging; hanging down; hanging loose
    Synonyms: nakalawlaw, laylay, nakalaylay, luslos, nakaluslos

#### Noun

lawláw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔)
* condition of dangling, hanging down, or being too long
    Synonyms: haba, kahabaan
* portion dangling, hanging down, or being too long
    Synonym: haba

##### Derived terms

* ilawlaw
* lawlawan
* lumawlaw
* malawlaw
* nakalawlaw

##### See also

* ladlad

### Etymology 2

Compare banlaw.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /lawˈlaw/ [laʊ̯ˈlaʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -aw
* Syllabification: law‧law

#### Adjective

lawláw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔)
* stirred up making it dirty (of water or liquid)
    Synonym: labusaw

##### Derived terms

* lawlawan
* lawlawin
* maglawlaw

#### Noun

lawláw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔)
* act of stirring playfully with one's hands or feet (of water or another liquid)
    Synonyms: kawkaw, pagkawkaw, labusaw, paglabusaw

### Etymology 3

Compare Ilocano lawlaw, Cebuano lawlaw, Waray-Waray lawlaw.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈlawlaw/ [ˈlaʊ̯.laʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -awlaw
* Syllabification: law‧law

#### Noun

lawlaw (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔)
* a species of sardine or herring (of family Clupeidae)

### References

* ↑ Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 35
* ↑ Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980) “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, in Pacific Linguistics, volume B, number 71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University, page 130
* ↑ Zorc, David Paul (1985) Core Etymological Dictionary of Filipino: Part 4, page 209

### Further reading

* “lawlaw”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* walwal

## Waray-Waray
### Noun

lawláw
* salted fish
# istihfaf
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish استخفاف (istiḫfāf, “a deeming, judging, pronouncing, calling (a man or a thing) trifling and of little account, treating them as such, despising, contemning, contempt”), from Arabic اِسْتِخْفَاف (istiḵfāf), verbal noun of اِسْتَخَفَّ (istaḵaffa, “to belittle, to take lightly, to flout, to make light of”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.tihˈfaːf/
* Hyphenation: is‧tih‧faf

### Noun

istihfaf (definite accusative istihfafı, plural istihfaflar)
* (dated) An act of belittling, undermining, scorn, contempt.
    Synonyms: küçümseme, hor görme, hafifseme

#### Derived terms

* istihfaf etmek

#### Related terms

* hafif
* kavaf
* tahfif

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “استخفاف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 93
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “استخفاف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 77
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “istihfaf”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “istihfaf”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “istihfaf”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2234
# puwersa
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* puersa, pwersa

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fuerza.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puˈeɾsa/ [ˈpweɾ.sa]
* Hyphenation: pu‧wer‧sa

### Noun

puwérsa (Basahan spelling ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜍ᜔ᜐ)
* force; power
    Synonym: poder
* strength
    Synonym: kusog
* persuasion; compulsion; persistence, vehemence
    Synonyms: pirit, agyat

#### Derived terms

* ipuwersa
* magpuwersa
* puwersado
* puwersahon

#### Related terms

* puwersa-militar
* puwerte

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* pwersa — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fuerza, from Old Spanish fuerça, from Late Latin fortia.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /puˈeɾsa/ [ˈpwɛɾ.sɐ]
* Rhymes: -eɾsa
* Syllabification: pu‧wer‧sa

### Noun

puwersa (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜇ᜔ᜐ)
* force; power; strength
    Synonyms: lakas, dahas, kapangyarihan

#### Derived terms

* ipuwersa
* puwersado
* puwersahan
* puwersahin
* sanib-puwersa

#### Related terms

* espuwerso
* porsado
* repuwerso

### Further reading

* “puwersa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# Labangan
## English
### Proper noun

Labangan
* A municipality of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines.
# fullur
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse fullr, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʊtlʊɹ/
    Rhymes: -ʊtlʊɹ

### Adjective

fullur (comparative fylri, superlative fylstur)
* full
* drunk

#### Related terms

* fylla

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse fullr, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʏtɬʏr/
    Rhymes: -ʏtɬʏr

### Adjective

fullur (comparative fyllri, superlative fyllstur)
* full (containing the maximum amount that is possible, allowed or expected)
    Salurinn var fullur af fólki. ― The hall was full of people.
    Synonym: troðinn
* drunk
    Ég er svo fullur! ― I'm so drunk!
    Synonyms: ölvaður, drukkinn, hellaður (“heavily inebriated”) (slang)
* (in compounds) -ful

#### Derived terms

* að fullu
* barmafullur
* blindfullur
* borga fullt
* drekka sig fullan
* eiga fullt í fangi með
* eiga í fullu tré við
* fullt af
* fullum stöfum (“unabbreviated, without abbreviation”)
* fullur fjandskapur
* fyrir fullt og allt
* kúffullur
* metnaðarfullur
* rita fullum stöfum (“write unabbreviated”)
* rita orð fullum stöfum (“write a word unabbreviated”)
* sneisafullur
* stútfullur
* troðfullur
* vínfullur

#### Related terms

* fylla