# रुध्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৰুধ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬭᬸᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
* রুধ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ရုဓ် (Burmese script)
* રુધ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਰੁਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦫꦸꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ರುಧ್ (Kannada script)
* រុធ៑ (Khmer script)
* ຣຸຘ຺ (Lao script)
* രുധ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᡠᢡ (Manchu script)
* 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠤᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
* ରୁଧ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢬꢸꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
* රුධ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩼𑩒𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
* ருத்⁴ (Tamil script)
* రుధ్ (Telugu script)
* รุธฺ (Thai script)
* རུ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɾudʱ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɾud̪ʱ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“idem”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).

#### Alternative forms

* रोध् (rodh)

#### Root

रुध् • (rudh)
* to obstruct, stop, arrest, check, oppose, hinder; impede, prevent
* to hold up, preserve, sustain (from falling)
* to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close
* to surround, fence or hem in
* to bind, confine
* to besiege, invest, blockade
* to hide, cover, obscure, conceal
* to oppress, torment, afflict excessively
* (causative) to cause to stop, detain, impede, obstruct
* to fetter, confine, chain
* to oppress, torment, harass

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* रुणद्धि (ruṇáddhi, Present)
* रुन्धति (rundhati, Present)
* रोधति (rodhati, Present)
* रोत्स्यति (rotsyáti, Future)
* रोद्धा (roddhā, Periphrastic Future)
* अरुधत् (árudhat, Aorist)
* अरौत्सीत् (árautsīt, Aorist)
* अरोत् (árot, Aorist)
* रुध्यात् (rudhyāt, Benedictive)
* रुरोध (ruródha, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* रुध्यते (rudhyáte, Passive)
* अरोधि (árodhi, Passive Aorist)
* रोधयति (rodhayati, Causative)
* रुन्धयति (rundhayati, Causative)
* अरूरुधत् (arūrudhat, Causative Aorist)
* रोध्यते (rodhyate, Passive of Causative)
* रुरुत्सति (rurutsati, Desiderative)
* रोरोद्धि (roroddhi, Intensive)
* रोरुध्यते (rorudhyate, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* रुद्ध (ruddhá, Past Participle)
* रोद्धुम् (roddhum, Infinitive)
* रोधितुम् (rodhitum, Infinitive)
* रोद्धोस् (roddhos, Infinitive)
* रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā, Gerund)
* रुध्य (rúdhya, Gerund)
* रुधम् (rúdham, Gerund)
* रोध्य (rodhya, Gerundive)
* रोद्धव्य (roddhavya, Gerundive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* रुध् (rudh)
* रोध (ródha)
* रोधक (rodhaka)
* रोधन (ródhana)
* रोधना (rodhanā́)
* रोधस् (ródhas)
* रोधिन् (rodhin)
* रोद्धृ (roddhṛ)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अनुरुध् (anurudh)
* अपरुध् (aparudh)
* अभिरुध् (abhirudh)
* अवरुध् (avarudh)
* आरुध् (ārudh)
* उद्रुध् (udrudh)
* उपरुध् (uparudh)
* निरुध् (nirudh)
* प्रतिरुध् (pratirudh)
* प्ररुध् (prarudh)
* विरुध् (virudh)
* संरुध् (saṃrudh)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan.

#### Alternative forms

* रुह् (ruh), रोध् (rodh)

#### Root

रुध् • (rudh)
* to sprout, shoot, grow

##### Derived terms

* रुधतः (rudhataḥ)
* रुधत् (rudhat)
* रोधति (rodhati)
* विरोधत् (virodhat)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “रुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 884/1-2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142-143
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 453; 467-9