# 西方
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xīfāng
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄈㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi$^1$ fang$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щифон (xifon, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^1$ fong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî-fông
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): se-hong / se-hng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīfāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sifang
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$-fang$^1$
*** Yale: syī-fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shifang
*** Palladius: сифан (sifan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xi$^1$ fang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xifang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щифон (xifon, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Yale: sāi fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî-fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˊ$ fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-hong
*** Tâi-lô: se-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: se'hofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³ hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-hng
*** Tâi-lô: se-hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: se'hngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³ hŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sej pjang
Rime :
| Character | 西 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 先稽切 | 府良切 |
| Baxter | sej | pjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei/ | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei/ | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi/ | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj/ | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /sei/ | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /siei/ | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /siei/ | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^1$ | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər C-paŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl paŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 西 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī | fāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sej › | ‹ pjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-nˁər/ | /*C-paŋ/ |
| English | west | square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 西 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 13236 | 3023 |
| Phonetic component | 西 | 方 |
| Rime group | 微 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 西 | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯːl/ | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 |

### Noun

西方
* west
* (Buddhism) Alternative name for 西天 (xītiān, “Western Paradise”).

### Proper noun

西方
* the Western world; the West

#### Usage notes

The Standard Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese defines 西方 (xīfāng) in the modern sense as being made up of the various developed capitalist countries, which includes Japan. However, Japan is generally not considered a Western country by the average native speaker of Chinese. Eastern European countries like Russia, Belarus, Georgia and Armenia may or may not be considered Western, depending on context, but their cuisines are often included under "Western food", while Japanese cuisine is not.

#### Synonyms

* 西洋 (Xīyáng)

### Derived terms

* 西方三聖 / 西方三圣 (Xīfāng Sānshèng)
* 西方中心主義 / 西方中心主义 (xīfāngzhōngxīnzhǔyì)
* 西方人 (xīfāngrén)
* 西方化 (xīfānghuà)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 西方(せいほう) (seihō)
* → Korean: 서방(西方) (seobang)
* → Vietnamese: tây phương (西方)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 方 |
| せい Grade: 2 | ほう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーほー [sèéhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːho̞ː]

#### Noun

西(せい)方(ほう) • (seihō)
* west, western area

##### Related terms

* 東方(とうほう) (tōhō): east, eastern area
* 南方(なんぽう) (nanpō): south, southern area
* 北方(ほっぽう) (hoppō): north, northern area

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 方 |
| さい Grade: 2 | ほう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa̠iho̞ː]

#### Noun

西(さい)方(ほう) • (saihō)
* west
* (abbreviation) western Pure Land
    Synonym: 西方浄土 (seihōjōdo)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 方 |
| にし Grade: 2 | かた > がた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 方 |
| にし Grade: 2 | かた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɲ̟iɕiɡa̠ta̠]
* IPA: [ɲ̟iɕika̠ta̠]

#### Noun

西(にし)方(がた) or 西(にし)方(かた) • (nishigata or nishikata)
* west (compass point, direction)
* the fighters on the west side in a match

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 西 | 方 |
| にし Grade: 2 | さま > ざま Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɲ̟iɕiza̠ma̠]

#### Noun

西(にし)方(ざま) • (nishizama)
* west

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 西 | 方 |

### Noun

西方
* chữ Hán form of tây phương (“west”).