OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# arkistoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

arkisto +‎ -oida

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑrkistoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝rk̟is̠ˌto̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: ar‧kis‧toi‧da

### Verb

arkistoida
* (transitive) to archive

#### Derived terms

* arkistointi

### Further reading

* “arkistoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* karitsoida
# çul
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian جل.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃuɫ], [t͡suɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

çul (definite accusative çulu, plural çullar)
* horsecloth
* saddlecloth
* (figurative) clothes

#### Derived terms

* çul-çuxa
* çulçu
* çullamaq
* çullu
* çulluq
* çulsuz
* çul düşmək
* çulunu sudan çıxarmaq

### Further reading

* “çul” in Obastan.com.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish چول (çul, “haircloth, a horse's covering or blanket, a horse-cloth”), from Persian جل (joll) or جول (jūl, “horse-covering, saddlecloth”), shares common origin with Arabic جُلّ (jull, “horse-covering, saddlecloth”). Cognate with Azerbaijani çul, Turkmen jul, Uyghur جۇل (jul), Uzbek jul.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃul/
* Hyphenation: çul

### Noun

çul (definite accusative çulu, plural çullar)
* A rough fabric generally woven of animal hair.
* A cloth used to cover animals, generally woven of animal hair; a saddlecloth.
* (Islam, Sufism) A simple fabric Tekke attendants cover oneselves with.
* (informal, figuratively) clothing, outfit

#### Derived terms

* çapaçul
* çul çaput
* çulha
* çullamak
* çullanmak
* çulsuz
* çultutmaz
* çulu düzmek

#### Related terms

* çuval
* çuvaldız

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چول”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 739
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چول”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 481
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çul”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “çul”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çul”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1056
# aksaya
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* agsaya — obsolete

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षय (kṣayá, “decay, corossion”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaksaˈja/ [ʔɐk.sɐˈja]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ak‧sa‧ya

### Noun

aksayá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜌ)
* waste; wastefulness; squandering

#### Derived terms

* aksayado
* aksayahin
* maaksaya
* mag-aksaya
* mapag-aksaya
* pag-aaksaya
* pag-aksayahan
* pagkamapag-aksaya

### Adjective

aksayá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜌ)
* wasteful; extravagant
    Synonym: maaksaya
* wasted

### References

* ↑ Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 273
* ↑ Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎ (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 15

### Further reading

* “aksaya”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “aksaya”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* akasya
# Gould
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Gold.

### Proper noun

Gould (countable and uncountable, plural Goulds)
* A surname.
* A number of places in the United States:
** A minor city in Lincoln County, Arkansas.
** An unincorporated community in Jackson County, Colorado.
** A township in Cass County, Minnesota.
** An unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Ohio.
** A town in Harmon County, Oklahoma.
** An unincorporated community in Upshur County, West Virginia.

#### Derived terms

* Gould-Jacobs reaction
* Gould's razor shell
* Mount Gould

#### Descendants

* Translingual: Gouldia

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Gould is the 891st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 38924 individuals. Gould is most common among White (86.79%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Gould”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 70.

## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian gold, from Proto-West Germanic *golþ. Cognates include West Frisian goud and German Gold.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣoːu̯ld/
* Hyphenation: Gould
* Rhymes: -oːu̯ld

### Noun

Gould n (uncountable)
* gold

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “Gould”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
# de retro
## Latin
### Etymology

From dē +‎ retrō. First attested in the Vetus Itala.

### Adverb

dē retrō (not comparable) (Late Latin)
* from behind

#### Derived terms

* *dēretrānus
* *dēretrārius

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance:
** ⇒ Romanian: îndărăt
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: dietro ⇒ indietro
    (regional or obsolete) dreto, drieto, dereto
** Sassarese: dareddu
* North Italian:
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Emilian: dedré, dadré, addré, dré
*** Ligurian: derê
*** Lombard: dedré, dadré, adré
*** Piedmontese: dré, daré
*** Romagnol: drì, addrì, drìa
** Istriot: dreîo
** Old Venetan: dredo
*** Venetan: drio
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: darrere, radere, raere
** Old French: deriere, derere, darere, derriere
*** French: derrière
** Old Occitan: dereire, dareire
*** Auvergnat: darrèir
*** Gascon: darrèr, darrèir
*** Languedocien: darrèr, darrièr
*** Limousin: darrier, darrer
*** Provençal: darrier
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: derré, redé (Benasqués)

### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “de rĕtro”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 49
# Opalka
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech Opálka or Polish Opałka.

### Proper noun

Opalka (plural Opalkas)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Opalka is the 35622nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 631 individuals. Opalka is most common among White (96.99%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Opalka”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
# hugas
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhuɡas/ [ˈhu.ɡas]
* IPA: /ˈʔuɡas/ [ˈʔu.ɡas] (h-dropping)
* Hyphenation: hu‧gas

### Noun

húgas (Basahan spelling ᜑᜓᜄᜐ᜔)
* wash, washing with water

### Verb

húgas (plural hurugas, Basahan spelling ᜑᜓᜄᜐ᜔)
* to wash with water

#### Derived terms

* hugasan
* maghugas

#### See also

* hanaw
* kuramos
* labar
* pupo
* sawsaw
* sugkad

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀas.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: hu‧gas
* IPA: /ˈhuɡas/ [ˈhu.ɡɐs̪]

### Verb

hugas
* to wash, to rinse, to purify

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀas. Compare Kapampangan uyas, Bikol Central hugas, and Cebuano hugas.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈhuɡas/ [ˈhuː.ɣɐs]
* Rhymes: -uɡas
* Syllabification: hu‧gas

### Noun

hugas (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜄᜐ᜔)
* washing with water (of objects, body parts, wounds, etc.)
    Synonyms: (of wounds) langgas, (of hands or feet) hinaw
* water used to wash hulled rice (used as broth in cooking vegetables, etc. or as pig feed)
* Microglossa volubilis (a rambling shrub with longitudinally furrowed branches)

#### Derived terms

* hugas-bigas
* hugas-kalawang
* hugas-kamay
* hugasan
* hugasin
* ihugas
* ipaghugas
* ipahugas
* maghugas
* maghugas-kamay
* paghugasan
* paghuhugas
* pahugasan
* pinaghugasan
* tagahugas
* tagahugas ng plato
* tagapaghugas

#### See also

* hilamos
* hinaw

### Anagrams

* husga

## Tausug
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀas.

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /huɡas/ [hʊˈɣɑs]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: hu‧gas

### Verb

hugas
* to wash
* to clean
# -இயல்
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ɪjɐl/

### Suffix

-இயல் • (-iyal)
* -ology, -onomy, -graphy, study of, science of

#### Derived terms

* அகச்சுரப்பியியல் (akaccurappiyiyal)
* அகழாய்வியல் (akaḻāyviyal)
* அகழ்வியல் (akaḻviyal)
* அடிசிலியல் (aṭiciliyal)
* அடையாளவியல் (aṭaiyāḷaviyal)
* அண்டவியல் (aṇṭaviyal)
* அருளரியல் (aruḷariyal)
* அறிவியல் (aṟiviyal)
* அளவையியல் (aḷavaiyiyal)
* அழகியல் (aḻakiyal)
* ஆக்கவியல் (ākkaviyal)
* ஆறுகளியல் (āṟukaḷiyal)
* இசையியல் (icaiyiyal)
* இதயவியல் (itayaviyal)
* இந்தியவியல் (intiyaviyal)
* இயக்கவியல் (iyakkaviyal)
* இயற்பியல் (iyaṟpiyal)
* இரைப்பையியல் (iraippaiyiyal)
* இரையகக் குடலியவியல் (iraiyakak kuṭaliyaviyal)
* இறையியல் (iṟaiyiyal)
* ஈரிடவாழ்வி இயல் (īriṭavāḻvi iyal)
* உடற்கூறியல் (uṭaṟkūṟiyal)
* உடலியங்கியல் (uṭaliyaṅkiyal)
* உடலியல் (uṭaliyal)
* உணர்வகற்றியல் (uṇarvakaṟṟiyal)
* உயிரியல் (uyiriyal)
* உயிர் வேதியியல் (uyir vētiyiyal)
* உயிர்மியியல் (uyirmiyiyal)
* உளவியல் (uḷaviyal)
* உழவியல் (uḻaviyal)
* எண்ணியல் (eṇṇiyal)
* எந்திரவியல் (entiraviyal)
* எலும்பியல் (elumpiyal)
* எழுத்தியல் (eḻuttiyal)
* ஒலியியல் (oliyiyal)
* ஒளியியல் (oḷiyiyal)
* கணினியியல் (kaṇiṉiyiyal)
* கதிரியல் (katiriyal)
* கருவியல் (karuviyal)
* காலநிலையியல் (kālanilaiyiyal)
* கால்நடையியல் (kālnaṭaiyiyal)
* காளானியல் (kāḷāṉiyal)
* குற்றவியல் (kuṟṟaviyal)
* சமூகவியல் (camūkaviyal)
* சிறுநீரகவியல் (ciṟunīrakaviyal)
* சூழலியல் (cūḻaliyal)
* சூழியல் (cūḻiyal)
* சூழ்நிலையியல் (cūḻnilaiyiyal)
* சொற்பிறப்பியல் (coṟpiṟappiyal)
* சொல்லியல் (colliyal)
* தடயவியல் (taṭayaviyal)
* தாவரவியல் (tāvaraviyal)
* தொன்மவியல் (toṉmaviyal)
* தொல்பொருளியல் (tolporuḷiyal)
* தொல்பொருள் ஆய்வியல் (tolporuḷ āyviyal)
* தொல்லுயிரியல் (tolluyiriyal)
* தோட்டக்கலையியல் (tōṭṭakkalaiyiyal)
* தோலியல் (tōliyal)
* நரம்பியல் (narampiyal)
* நிலத்தியல் (nilattiyal)
* நிலவியல் (nilaviyal)
* நிலையியல் (nilaiyiyal)
* நீரியல் (nīriyal)
* நுண்ணுயிரியல் (nuṇṇuyiriyal)
* நோயறி கதிரியல் (nōyaṟi katiriyal)
* நோயியல் (nōyiyal)
* நோயெதிர்ப்பியல் (nōyetirppiyal)
* நோய்ப்பரவலியல் (nōypparavaliyal)
* பரிதிப்புயல் (paritippuyal)
* பாறையியல் (pāṟaiyiyal)
* புதலியல் (putaliyal)
* புற்றுநோயியல் (puṟṟunōyiyal)
* புள்ளியல் (puḷḷiyal)
* புவியியல் (puviyiyal)
* பூச்சியியல் (pūcciyiyal)
* பெண்யோயியல் (peṇyōyiyal)
* பொருளியல் (poruḷiyal)
* மணிவியல் (maṇiviyal)
* மண்ணியல் (maṇṇiyal)
* மனவியல் (maṉaviyal)
* மனிதவியல் (maṉitaviyal)
* மரபியல் (marapiyal)
* மருந்தியல் (maruntiyal)
* மின்காந்தவியல் (miṉkāntaviyal)
* மின்னணுவியல் (miṉṉaṇuviyal)
* முக்கோணவியல் (mukkōṇaviyal)
* மூலக்கூறு உயிரியல் (mūlakkūṟu uyiriyal)
* மெய்யியல் (meyyiyal)
* மொழியறிவியல் (moḻiyaṟiviyal)
* மொழியியல் (moḻiyiyal)
* வங்கியியல் (vaṅkiyiyal)
* வடிவியல் (vaṭiviyal)
* வாதவியல் (vātaviyal)
* வானியற்பியல் (vāṉiyaṟpiyal)
* வானியல் (vāṉiyal)
* விலங்கியல் (vilaṅkiyal)
* வேதியியல் (vētiyiyal)
# barankowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From baranek +‎ -owy. Compare Kashubian barankòwi and Slovincian barónkôwy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.raŋˈkɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: ba‧ran‧ko‧wy

### Adjective

barankowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) lambskin, made of lambskin
    barankowa czapka ― lambskin hat

#### Related terms

* barani
* barankowaty
* na barana
* baran
* Baran
* baraneczek
* baranek
* Baranek Boży
* baraniarz
* baranica
* baraniec
* baranina
* baraninka
* baranisko
* baranieć impf, zbaranieć pf

### Further reading

* barankowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* barankowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Ἀγάθυρνον
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Ἀγᾰθῠ́ρῐον (Agăthŭ́rĭon), Ἀγᾰ́θῠρνᾰ (Agắthŭrnă)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɡá.tʰyr.non/ → /aˈɣa.θyr.non/ → /aˈɣa.θir.non/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ɡá.tʰyr.non/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈɡa.tʰyr.non/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈɣa.θyr.non/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈɣa.θyr.non/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈɣa.θir.non/

### Proper noun

Ἀγᾰ́θῠρνον • (Agắthŭrnon) n (genitive Ἀγᾰθῠ́ρνου); second declension
* Agathyrna, Sicily, Italy

#### Derived terms

* Ἀγᾰθῠρναῖος (Agăthŭrnaîos)
* Ἀγᾰθῠρνῖτῐς (Agăthŭrnîtĭs)

#### Descendants

* → Latin: Agathyrna

### Further reading

* Ἀγάθυρνον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
# felizgul
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From fel- +‎ izgul.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛlizɡul]
* Hyphenation: fel‧iz‧gul
* Rhymes: -ul
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

felizgul (intransitive)
* to get excited
* to get aroused, to get horny, to get turned on (become sexually excited)

#### Derived terms

* felizgulás
* felizguló

#### Related terms

* felizgat
* izgalom
* izgat
* izgul

### Further reading

* felizgul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# eupatorium
## English
### Etymology

From the genus name.

### Noun

eupatorium (plural eupatoriums)
* (botany) Any of the genus Eupatorium of perennial herbs.

#### Hyponyms

* boneset
* snakeroot
* thoroughwort

### References

* “eupatorium”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# brugaria
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* brūgeria, brūguera
* brūārium, brūeria, brūāria, brūera, brūieria, broiāria

### Etymology

From brūcus +‎ -āria, showing lenition of the intervocalic /k/. Attested from 891 in France.

### Noun

brūgāria f (genitive brūgāriae); first declension (Early Medieval Latin)
* heath
* heather
* heathland

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Western Romance of N. Italy:
** Ligurian: brughëa, brughêa
** Lombard: brughera
** Piedmontese: bruëra
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: bruguera
** Franco-Provençal: bruére, bruviére
** Old French: bruiere
*** French: bruyère
*** Norman: brüethe, bruëthe (Jersey)
** Occitan: bruguièra, brujeira
*** → Italian: brughiera

### References

* “bruaria”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* bruarium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “brūcus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 1: A–B, page 558
* ↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “brugaria”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 106
# binær
## Danish
### Etymology

From French binaire, from Latin binarius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbiˌnɛˀɐ̯/

### Adjective

binær (neuter binært, plural and definite singular attributive binære)
* binary

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### Derived terms

* nonbinær

### References

* “binær” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From French binaire, from Latin binarius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.næːr/, [bɪ.ˈnæːɾ]

### Adjective

binær (neuter singular binært, definite singular and plural binære)
* binary

### References

* “binær” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From French binaire, from Latin binarius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.næːr/, [bɪ.ˈnæːɾ]

### Adjective

binær (neuter singular binært, definite singular and plural binære)
* binary

### References

* “binær” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# buwis
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* buhis

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhis (“tribute”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buˈis/ [buˈwis]
* Hyphenation: bu‧wis

### Noun

buwís (Basahan spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔)
* tax
    Synonym: sedula
* (informal) sacrifice
    Synonyms: sakripisiyo, dulot

#### Derived terms

* buwisan
* magbuwis

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* bouis, bovys, buuis, buvys — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhis (“tribute”). Compare Bikol Central buwis, Cebuano buhis, Ilocano buis, Kapampangan buis, and Waray-Waray buhis.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /buˈis/ [ˈbwis]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: bu‧wis

### Noun

buwís (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔)
* tax; tariff; taxation
* tribute; forced payment
* crop share
* (figurative) something given as a sacrifice
    Synonym: sakripisyo

#### Derived terms

* bumubuwis
* bumuwis
* buwis-buhay
* buwisan
* kabuwis
* magbuwis
* magpabuwis
* mamumuwis
* mamumuwisan
* mamuwis
* pabuwisan
* pabuwisin

#### See also

* alkabala
* amilyaramyento
* rentas
* taripa
* tributo

### Further reading

* “buwis”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “buwis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
** page 470: “Pecho) Buvys (pc) q̃ ſe paga”
** page 587: “Tributo) Bovys (pc) q̃ pagã eſtos”

## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /buis/ [ˈbwɪs]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: bu‧wis

### Noun

buwis (Sulat Sūg spelling بُوِسْ)
* tribute
# libídine
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin libīdinem. Compare Spanish libido.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liˈbidine/ [liˈβ̞i.ð̞i.ne]
* Rhymes: -idine
* Syllabification: li‧bí‧di‧ne

### Noun

libídine f (uncountable)
* lust
    Synonym: lujuria

#### Related terms

* libidinoso
* libido

### Further reading

* “libídine”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# duzen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German duzen, dutzen, dützen, from Old High German *dūzzen, *dūezzen, equivalent to du +‎ -zen. Compare Middle English thouten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈduːtsn̩/, /ˈduːtsən/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

duzen (weak, third-person singular present duzt, past tense duzte, past participle geduzt, auxiliary haben)
* to address informally using the pronoun du, to thou
** 2017, Ute Schürings, Benelux. Porträt einer Region [Benelux. Portrait of a region], Berlin: Landeszentralen für politische Bildung/Christoph Links Verlag, pages 61-62:Das Niederländer auf Deutsche oft locker und informell wirken, hat auch damit zu tun, das man sich sehr rasch und vor allem unvermittelt duzt. Anders als in Deutschland bedeutet das niederländische Du allerdings keine besondere Nähe, es ist eher mit dem englischen you zu vergleichen. Im Geschäftskontakt ist es üblich, sich ohne Vorankündigung zu duzen, mitten im Gespräch. (...) Duzen signalisiert nicht, dass man sich in irgendeiner Weise näher gekommen ist, den anderen sympathisch findet oder weniger hart verhandelt. Da gibt es gerade zwischen Deutschen und Niederländern oft Missverständnisse. Wenn etwa ein Vorgesetzter sich duzen lässt, denken Deutsche oft, hier herrsche eine besonders gute Arbeitsatmosphäre – dabei ist das Du einfach eine Anredekonvention.The fact that Dutch people often come across as relaxed and informal to German people also has to do with the fact that Dutchmen are very quick to use the informal form of address, especially at unexpected moments. Unlike in Germany, however, the Dutch informal you does not imply any particular familiarity; it's more comparable to the English you. In business dealings, it is customary to start addressing each other with the informal you without any prior notice, in the middle of a conversation. (...) Being on first-name terms does not signal that people have become closer in any way, that they find the other person likeable, or that they'll negotiate any less toughly. Especially between Germans and Dutch there often arise misunderstandings in this respect. If, for example, a manager allows himself to be addressed using the informal you, Germans tend to interpret this as a sign of a particularly good work environment, whereas the informal you is simply a conventional way of addressing people.
* to be on first-name terms

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Coordinate terms

* erzen
* ihrzen
* siezen

#### Derived terms

* Duzbruder
* Duzen
* Duzfreund
* Duzfreundin
* duzfreundlich
* Duzfreundschaft
* duzfreundschaftlich
* Duzkultur
* Duzschwester

#### Related terms

* du, Du

#### See also

$^1$These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.   $^2$enclitic, colloquial   $^3$archaic

### Further reading

* “duzen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “duzen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “duzen” in Duden online
* “duzen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Luxembourgish
### Verb

duzen (third-person singular present duzt, past participle geduzt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* to address someone informally using du
# Daesh-Khorasan
## English
### Etymology

From Daesh +‎ Khorasan. From being the Daesh affiliate in the Greater Khorasan.

### Proper noun

Daesh-Khorasan
* (politics) An Islamic terrorist group located in Pakistan and Afghanistan affiliated with Daesh (“IS, ISIL, ISIS”)

#### Synonyms

* ISIL-K
* ISIS-K
* IS-K

#### Coordinate terms

* al-Qaeda
* Taliban

#### Derived terms

* Daesh-K
# Pächterin
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛçtərɪn]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Pächterin f (genitive Pächterin, plural Pächterinnen, masculine Pächter)
* female equivalent of Pächter (“tenant”)
    Synonym: Pachterin
    Antonym: Verpächterin

#### Derived terms

* Afterpächterin
* Alleinpächterin
* Domänenpächterin
* Erbpächterin
* Farmpächterin
* Gaststättenpächterin
* Grundpächterin
* Gutspächterin
* Hofpächterin
* Jagdpächterin
* Kantinenpächterin
* Landpächterin
* Mitpächterin
* Steuerpächterin
* Tankstellenpächterin
* Teilpächterin
* Unterpächterin
* Zollpächterin

#### Related terms

* Pacht
* pachten
* Pächterschaft
* Pachtzins

### Further reading

* “Pächterin” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Pächterin” in Duden online
# altera mente
## Latin
### Adverb

alterā mente (Early Medieval Latin)
* otherwise
** Ca. 736–48 CE, legal document from Mondsee
    ...non habeant comeato altera mente facere nisi pro nos orare omnem diem...

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Romanian: altminteri
* Dalmatian:
** altramiante
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: altrimenti
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: altrament
** Franco-Provençal: ôtrament
** Old French: autrement (see there for further descendants)
** Occitan: autrament
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: otramén
** Old Galician-Portuguese: outra mente
*** Galician: outramente
** Old Spanish: otramente

#### See also

* sōlā mente

### References

* ↑ https://werkstatt.formulae.uni-hamburg.de/texts/urn:cts:formulae:mondsee.rath0039.lat001/passage/all
# чарувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *čarovati. Equivalent to ча́ри (čáry) +‎ -ува́ти (-uváty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃɐrʊˈʋate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

чарува́ти • (čaruváty) impf
* (literally) to use magic, to use witchcraft, to cast spells (on), to enchant
* (figuratively) to charm, to enchant, to captivate, to fascinate, to bewitch, to enthral, to spellbind

#### Synonyms

* (literally): чаклува́ти impf (čakluváty)
* (literally, figuratively): зачаро́вувати impf (začaróvuvaty), заворо́жувати impf (zavoróžuvaty)
* (figuratively): захо́плювати impf (zaxópljuvaty)

#### Derived terms

* чарува́ння n (čaruvánnja)
* чарува́тися n (čaruvátysja)
* зачаро́вувати impf (začaróvuvaty), зачарува́ти pf (začaruváty)
* розчаро́вувати impf (rozčaróvuvaty), розчарува́ти pf (rozčaruváty)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “чарувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “чарувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “чарувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “чарувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)