# 祖父
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zǔfù
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu$^3$ fu$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^2$ fu$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘-hū / chó͘-hǔ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsu-vu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔfù
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔfù
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$-fu$^4$
*** Yale: dzǔ-fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuufuh
*** Palladius: цзуфу (czufu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zu$^3$ fu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zufu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵³ fu²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^2$ fu$^6$
*** Yale: jóu fuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^2$ fu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^2$ fu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯³⁵ fuː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-hū
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo-hū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofhu
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-hǔ
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo-hǔ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsu-vu
*** MiniDict: tsu$^去$ vu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsu-vu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡su³³ vu⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsuX bjuX
Rime :
| Character | 祖 | 父 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 則古切 | 扶雨切 |
| Baxter | tsuX | bjuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /bɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /bio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡so$^X$/ | /bio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɔ$^X$/ | /buə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡so$^X$/ | /bio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡su$^X$/ | /bĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suo$^X$/ | /bʱi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǔ | fù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^2$ | fu$^6$ |

### Noun

祖父
* (formal) paternal grandfather (one's father's father)
       Wǒ zǔfù jì bù huì dú yòu bù huì xiě. [Pinyin]
       My grandfather can neither read nor write.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 大父 (dàfù)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 祖父 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 祖父 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爺爺, 阿公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爺爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 爺爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 爺爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 爺, 把把 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 爺爺, 爺, 爺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 把把 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 爺爺, 爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 爹爹, 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 老爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 阿公, 公, 爺爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 爺爺, 把把 Hui |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 爹爹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 阿爺, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 公爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 吾蒙 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 阿翁, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 翁 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿公, 公爹 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 爹, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿公, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 爺爺, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 爸 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿爺, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 阿爺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 公公, 爺爺 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 公, 公兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 公公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 公 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Changting | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 爹 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 公公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 公公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 公公, 公 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 公, 公公 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 爹爹, 阿爹 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 爹爹 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 爹爹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿爹, 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 朝, 阿朝 face-to-face |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 朝朝, 老朝兒 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 阿朝, 阿爹 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老官 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 老兒 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 朝朝 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 公公, 大大 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 老爹 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 公公 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 大大 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Linhe | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Jining | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Baotou | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 爺爺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 阿公 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 家公 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 公仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 公 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 爹爹 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 爹爹 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 公爹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依公, 公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 阿公 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 公 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 公 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 翁 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 阿翁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 阿公 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 俺公, 引公 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 阿公, 公 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 公 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; GT |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿公, 俺公 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺公 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿公, 公, 內公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 俺公, 阿公, 內公 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 阿公, 公 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 內公 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 公 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 阿公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 爹爹 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 翁 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 阿翁 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 公 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 公 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老爹, 爺爺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 裡公 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 阿爹 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 爺爺 |
| Wu | Danyang | 爺爺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿爺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face |
| Wu | Jinhua | 爺爺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爹爹, 爺爺, 公公 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 公公, 公毑 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 阿公, 公公, 佳佳 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 公公 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 爺爺 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 爹爹 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) |

#### Derived terms

* 外祖父 (wàizǔfù)
* 曾祖父 (zēngzǔfù)
* 祖父母 (zǔfùmǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 祖父(そふ) (sofu)
* → Korean: 조부(祖父) (jobu)

#### See also

* (maternal grandfather) 外祖父 (wàizǔfù), 外公 (wàigōng)
* (grandmother) 祖母 (zǔmǔ), 婆婆 (pópo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 祖 | 父 |
| そ Grade: 5 | ふ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 祖父 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 祖父 (MC tsuX bjuX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そふ [sóꜜfù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞ɸɯ̟]

### Noun

祖(そ)父(ふ) • (sofu)
* a grandfather

#### Derived terms

* 内(ない)祖(そ)父(ふ) (naisofu): paternal grandfather
* 外(がい)祖(そ)父(ふ) (gaisofu): maternal grandfather
* 曽(そう)祖(そ)父(ふ) (sōsofu): great-grandfather
* 祖父母(そふぼ) (sofubo): grandparents

#### Related terms

* 祖(そ)母(ぼ) (sobo): grandmother

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 祖 | 父 |

### Noun

祖父 • (jobu) (hangeul 조부)
* hanja form of 조부 (“grandfather”)

#### Synonyms

* 할아버지 (harabeoji)