# calcar
## English
### Etymology 1

From the Italian calcara (“lime-kiln”).

#### Noun

calcar (plural calcars)
* A small oven or furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit.

##### Related terms

* calcarious
* calcary

### Etymology 2

From the Latin calcar (“spur”).

#### Noun

calcar (plural calcars)
* (botany, anatomy) A spur-like projection.

##### Derived terms

* calcarate

##### Related terms

* calcariferous
* calcariform
* calcarine

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin calcāre.

### Verb

calcar (first-person singular indicative present calco, past participle calcáu)
* to press, push
* to hit, strike

#### Conjugation
## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin calcāre (“to press”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kalˈkaɾ/

### Verb

calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calquei, past participle calcado)
* to press
* to trample

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* calco
* socalcar
* socalco

#### Related terms

* calcañar
* couce

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “calc”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “calcar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “calcar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “calcar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “calcar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Latin
### Etymology

Possibly from an extension of the Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“heel”). Cognate of calx, calcō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkal.kar/, [ˈkäɫ̪kär]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkal.kar/, [ˈkälkär]

### Noun

calcar n (genitive calcāris); third declension
* spur (equestrian, or of a cock)
* (figuratively) incitement, stimulus

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

#### Descendants

* → English: calcar

### References

* “calcar”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “calcar”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* calcar in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to put spurs to a horse: calcaribus equum concitare
* “calcar”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “calcar”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* New Latin Grammar, Allen and Greenough, 1903.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin calcāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kawˈka(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kawˈka(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /kawˈka(ɾ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kawˈka(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kawˈka(ɻ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈka(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kalˈkaɾ/ [kaɫˈkaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kalˈkaɾ/ [kaɫˈkaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /kalˈka.ɾi/ [kaɫˈka.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: cal‧car

### Verb

calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calquei, past participle calcado)
* to trample, to crush
* to press (grapes, etc.)
* (figuratively) to humiliate, to subjugate
* (Can we verify this sense?) (transitive) to base a work on (a previous one)
* (Can we verify this sense?) (transitive) to copy a work

#### Usage notes

* Do not confuse with calçar.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* calcanhar
* calçar
* coice
* decalcar
* inculcar
* recalcar

### Noun

calcar m (plural calcares)
* (botany) spur
* (zoology) in arthropods, a mobile process similar to a spike
* (zoology) in certain insects, the strongest spur located in the tibia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French calcaire, from Latin calcarius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kalˈkar/, /ˈkal.kar/

### Noun

calcar n (plural calcare)
* limestone
    Synonym: piatră-de-var

#### Derived terms

* calcaros

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kalˈkaɾ/ [kalˈkaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: cal‧car

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin calcāre.

#### Verb

calcar (first-person singular present calco, first-person singular preterite calqué, past participle calcado)
* to trace, copy (copy by means of carbon paper or tracing paper)
* to trample

##### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

##### Related terms

* calcañar
* calce
* calco
* conculcar
* inculcar
* recalcar

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

calcar m (plural calcares)
* (anatomy, botany) calcar (a spur-like projection)

##### Derived terms

* calcarino

### Further reading

* “calcar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10