# 誦

| 誦 | U+8AA6, &#35494; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AA6 |
| ← 誥 [U+8AA5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誧 → [U+8AA7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

誦 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓戈月 (YRNIB), four-corner 0762$_7$, composition ⿰訁甬)

#### Derived characters

* 𭋭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1164, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35551
* Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 12
* Unihan data for U+8AA6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 通 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 俑 | *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 蓪 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 桶 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ |
| 捅 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ |
| 痛 | *l̥ʰoːŋs |
| 筩 | *l'oːŋ |
| 誦 | *ljoŋs |
| 傭 | *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ |
| 慵 | *ɦljoŋ |
| 鱅 | *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ |
| 滽 | *loŋ |
| 墉 | *loŋ |
| 鏞 | *loŋ |
| 鄘 | *loŋ |
| 槦 | *loŋ |
| 銿 | *loŋ |
| 甬 | *loŋʔ |
| 勇 | *loŋʔ |
| 涌 | *loŋʔ |
| 踊 | *loŋʔ |
| 蛹 | *loŋʔ |
| 恿 | *loŋʔ |
| 慂 | *loŋʔ |
| 悀 | *loŋʔ |
| 埇 | *loŋʔ |
| 踴 | *loŋʔ |
| 庸 | *loŋ |
| 用 | *loŋs |
| 佣 | *loŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljoŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sòng (song$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): sē̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sê̤ṳng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): song$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sòng
*** Wade–Giles: sung$^4$
*** Yale: sùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
*** Palladius: сун (sun)
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$
*** Yale: juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sœyŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /søyŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
*** Tâi-lô: siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siòng
*** Tâi-lô: siòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²¹/
* siōng - literary;
* siòng - vernacular (俗).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit誦 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /suŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /suŋ²¹/ 新 /ɕyŋ²¹/ 老 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /səŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /syuŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /suŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /suə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /suŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /sũn¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /suŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /soŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /soŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /soŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /soŋ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /soŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /səŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /sũŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /soŋ³⁵/ /zoŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zoŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zoŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jyɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /san⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /soŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sən⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siuŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /suŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡soŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡suŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡suŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔŋ²²/ /siɔŋ²¹/ 俗 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /søyŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sœyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /toŋ³³/ /taŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hoŋ³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjowngH
Rime :
| Character | 誦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似用切 |
| Baxter | zjowngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zuawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə-[l]oŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljoŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 誦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjowng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə-[l]oŋ-s/ |
| English | recite |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15436 |
| Phonetic component | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 頌 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljoŋs/ |

### Definitions

誦
* to read aloud
* to recount
* to recite; to chant

### Compounds

* 傳誦 / 传诵 (chuánsòng)
* 千古傳誦 / 千古传诵
* 告誦 / 告诵 (gàosong)
* 吟誦 / 吟诵 (yínsòng)
* 唱誦 / 唱诵 (chàngsòng)
* 家傳戶誦 / 家传户诵
* 弦誦 / 弦诵
* 念誦 / 念诵
* 成誦 / 成诵 (chéngsòng)
* 日誦五車 / 日诵五车
* 春誦夏絃 / 春诵夏弦
* 朗誦 / 朗诵 (lǎngsòng)
* 朗誦詩 / 朗诵诗
* 朗誦調 / 朗诵调
* 朝暮課誦 / 朝暮课诵
* 歌誦 / 歌诵
* 沮誦 / 沮诵
* 目即成誦 / 目即成诵
* 稱誦 / 称诵
* 籀誦 / 籀诵
* 背誦 / 背诵 (bèisòng)
* 複誦 / 复诵
* 觸目成誦 / 触目成诵
* 記誦 / 记诵 (jìsòng)
* 誦味 / 诵味
* 誦經 / 诵经 (sòngjīng)
* 誦習 / 诵习 (sòngxí)
* 誦言 / 诵言
* 誦詠 / 诵咏
* 誦說 / 诵说
* 誦讀 / 诵读 (sòngdú)
* 諷誦 / 讽诵
* 輿誦 / 舆诵
* 過目成誦 / 过目成诵
* 闇誦 / 暗诵
* 高聲朗誦 / 高声朗诵
* 默誦 / 默诵

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ず (zu)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* On: じゅ (ju)
* Kun: となえる (tonaeru, 誦える)、よむ (yomu, 誦む)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 誦 (MC zjowngH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쑈ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 쑈ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 외올〮 쇼ᇰ〯 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쇼ᇰ〯 (syǒng) (Yale: syǒng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [송(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 誦 (eumhun 외울 송 (oe'ul song))
* hanja form of 송 (“to recite; to read aloud”)

#### Compounds

* 낭송 (朗誦, nangsong)
* 송독 (誦讀, songdok)
* 암송 (暗誦, amsong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

誦: Hán Việt readings: tụng (似(tự)用(dụng)切(thiết))
誦: Nôm readings: tụng, tọng, tộng
* chữ Hán form of tụng (“to recite”).

#### Compounds

* 誦經 (tụng kinh)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).