OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ranska
## Finnish
### Etymology

See Ranska.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑnskɑ/, [ˈrɑ̝ns̠kɑ̝]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑnskɑ
* Hyphenation: rans‧ka

### Noun

ranska
* French (language)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of ranska (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ranskani
accusative
nom.
ranskani
gen.
ranskani
genitive
ranskani
partitive
ranskaani
inessive
ranskassani
elative
ranskastani
illative
ranskaani
adessive
ranskallani
ablative
ranskaltani
allative
ranskalleni
essive
ranskanani
translative
ranskakseni
abessive
ranskattani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ranskasi
accusative
nom.
ranskasi
gen.
ranskasi
genitive
ranskasi
partitive
ranskaasi
inessive
ranskassasi
elative
ranskastasi
illative
ranskaasi
adessive
ranskallasi
ablative
ranskaltasi
allative
ranskallesi
essive
ranskanasi
translative
ranskaksesi
abessive
ranskattasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ranskamme
accusative
nom.
ranskamme
gen.
ranskamme
genitive
ranskamme
partitive
ranskaamme
inessive
ranskassamme
elative
ranskastamme
illative
ranskaamme
adessive
ranskallamme
ablative
ranskaltamme
allative
ranskallemme
essive
ranskanamme
translative
ranskaksemme
abessive
ranskattamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ranskanne
accusative
nom.
ranskanne
gen.
ranskanne
genitive
ranskanne
partitive
ranskaanne
inessive
ranskassanne
elative
ranskastanne
illative
ranskaanne
adessive
ranskallanne
ablative
ranskaltanne
allative
ranskallenne
essive
ranskananne
translative
ranskaksenne
abessive
ranskattanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ranskansa
accusative
nom.
ranskansa
gen.
ranskansa
genitive
ranskansa
partitive
ranskaansa
inessive
ranskassaan ranskassansa
elative
ranskastaan ranskastansa
illative
ranskaansa
adessive
ranskallaan ranskallansa
ablative
ranskaltaan ranskaltansa
allative
ranskalleen ranskallensa
essive
ranskanaan ranskanansa
translative
ranskakseen ranskaksensa
abessive
ranskattaan ranskattansa
instructive
comitative

#### Synonyms

* ranskan kieli

#### Derived terms

* ranskantaa
* keskiranska
* muinaisranska
* ranskankielinen
* Ranskanmaa
* ranskantaitoinen
* sveitsinranska

#### Related terms

* Ranska
* ranskan-
* ranskalainen

### Further reading

* “ranska”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* raksan
# assertive
## English
### Etymology

From assert +‎ -ive.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /əˈsɝtɪv/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

assertive (comparative more assertive, superlative most assertive)
* Boldly self-assured; confident without being aggressive.

#### Derived terms

* assertively
* assertiveness
* hyperassertive
* nonassertive
* overassertive
* self-assertive
* subassertive
* unassertive
* underassertive

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* sevirates

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.sɛʁ.tiv/
* Homophone: assertives

### Adjective

assertive
* feminine singular of assertif

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

assertive
* inflection of assertiv:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative plural
** weak nominative all-gender singular
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

## Italian
### Adjective

assertive f pl
* feminine plural of assertivo

### Anagrams

* asservite, astersive, resisteva, tesseravi
# kieltää
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *keeltädäk, equivalently kiel- +‎ -tää; the original meaning was likely simply "to speak".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkie̯ltæːˣ/, [ˈk̟ie̞̯l̪t̪æː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ieltæː
* Hyphenation: kiel‧tää

### Verb

kieltää
* (transitive) to forbid, prohibit, disallow, ban [with ablative ‘someone, something’; or (with verbs) with partitive ‘someone, something’ and elative of third infinitive ‘from doing’]
    Kielsin lastani juoksemasta kadulle.I forbade my child to run into the street.
    Tämä elokuva on kielletty alle 16-vuotiailta.This film is not allowed for children under 16.
* (transitive) to deny, controvert, dispute, contest (argue that something is not the case)
    Synonym: kiistää
    Kiellän tehneeni mitään väärää!I deny having done anything wrong!
* (transitive) to renounce (also in a religious sense), to repudiate
    Synonym: hylätä
    Hän kielsi poikansa.(S)he renounced/repudiated her son.
    Hän kielsi Jumalan.He renounced God.
* (transitive, law) to contest
    Synonyms: hylätä, moittia, riitauttaa
    kieltää jonkun testamentti ― to contest someone's last will

#### Derived terms

* kielletty
* kielteinen
* kieltämätön
* kieltävä
* kielto
* kieltäjä
* kieltäminen
* kiellellä
* kieltäytyä

### Further reading

* “kieltää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# pluie
## French
### Etymology

From Middle French pluye, from Old French pluie, from Vulgar Latin *plo(v)ia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plɥi/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i

### Noun

pluie f (plural pluies)
* rain
    Hyponyms: averse, bruine, déluge
    Des pluies torrentielles se sont abattues la semaine dernière.Torrential rain struck down last week.
* (figuratively) loads of things
    Hyponym: déluge
    Il a reçu une pluie de messages de recruteurs cherchant à le débaucher.He received a flood of messages from recruiters looking to poach him.

#### Derived terms

* après la pluie, le beau temps
* chiant comme la pluie
* ennuyeux comme la pluie
* faire la pluie et le beau temps
* ne pas être né de la dernière pluie
* parler de la pluie et du beau temps
* petite pluie abat grand vent
* pluie acide
* pluie verglaçante
* saison des pluies

#### Related terms

* pluvial
* pluvieux
* pluvio-
* pluviosité

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Haitian Creole: lapli

#### See also

* ombro-

### Further reading

* “pluie”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* ploige, pleuge

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *plo(v)ia.

### Noun

pluie oblique singular, f (oblique plural pluies, nominative singular pluie, nominative plural pluies)
* rain

#### Related terms

* plovoir, plover, pluveir
* plujos, pluios

#### Descendants

* Bourguignon: pleuge
* Champenois: pleue, pieue, pleuge, pieuge, pleude
* Middle French: pluye
** French: pluie
*** ⇒ Haitian Creole: lapli
* Gallo: pieil
* Lorrain: pllóv
* Norman: plyie, pllie
* Picard: pleuv
* Walloon: plaiv, ploiv, pleuv, plleuv, plev, plouve
# cidade
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* Cidá, Cividade, Subidá (in toponyms)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cidade, from Latin cīvitātem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θiˈdade/ [θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* IPA: (standard) /θiˈdade/ [θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* IPA: (seseo) /siˈdade/ [siˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]
* Rhymes: -ade
* Hyphenation: ci‧da‧de

### Noun

cidade f (plural cidades)
* city
    Nunca foi amante da cidade.He was never a lover of the city.
* (toponymical) hill-fort, or other Roman or Iron Age ruins

#### Related terms

* A Cidá
* A Cividá
* Ciadella
* Cidadelle

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cidade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cidade”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cidade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cidade”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cidade”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Mirandese
### Etymology

From Old Leonese ciubdad, from Latin cīvitātem.

### Noun

cidade f (plural cidades)
* city

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* çibdade

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin cīvitātem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡siˈda.de/

### Noun

cidade f (plural cidades)
* city
** 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 15 (facsimile):
    Eſta […] é como ſãta m[aria] defẽdeu a cidade de ceſaira do emperador iuyão.
       This […] is how Holy Mary defended the city of Caesaria from the Emperor Julian.

#### Derived terms

* cidadão

#### Descendants

* Galician: cidade, Cidá (toponym)
* Portuguese: cidade

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cidade, from Latin cīvitātem.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈda.d͡ʒi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /siˈda.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /siˈda.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /siˈda.dɨ/ [siˈða.ðɨ]
* (Northeast Brazil) IPA: /si.ˈda.dɪ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ad͡ʒi, (Portugal) -adɨ
* Hyphenation: ci‧da‧de

### Noun

cidade f (plural cidades)
* city, town
    Cidade natalHometown

#### Derived terms

* cidade-dormitório
* cidadezinha

#### See also

* aldeia f
* arraial m
* povoado m
* vila f
# ܡܠܚܡܢܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

* Root
* ܠ ܚ ܡ (l ḥ m)
* 8 terms
Active noun of the verb ܡܲܠܚܸܡ (malḥim, “to adjust, adapt; compose, harmonize”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [mal.xəmaːnaː]

### Noun

ܡܲܠܚܡܵܢܵܐ • (malḥmānā) m (plural ܡܲܠܚܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ (malḥmānē), feminine ܡܲܠܚܡܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (malḥmānīṯā))
* composer, compiler, author
    Synonym: ܣܵܝܘܿܡܵܐ (sāyōmā)
# scarcity
## English
### Etymology

From Old Northern French escarcete; by surface analysis, scarce +‎ -ity.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈskɛɹsɪti/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈskɛəsɪti/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

scarcity (countable and uncountable, plural scarcities)
* (uncountable) The condition of something being scarce or deficient.
** July 6, 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler No. 136
    Praise […] owes its value only to its scarcity.
** 1994 February, Robert D. Kaplan, “The Coming Anarchy”, in The Atlantic‎:To understand the events of the next fifty years, then, one must understand environmental scarcity, cultural and racial clash, geographic destiny, and the transformation of war.
* (countable) An inadequate amount of something; a shortage.
    a scarcity of grain
** 2013 September 24, Damien Ma, William Adams, “China's Next Great Challenge: Scarcity”, in The Atlantic‎:The crucial and intersecting challenges of scarcities, both emerging and intensifying, will consume China’s custodians over the next decade.

#### Synonyms

* (condition of something being scarce): infrequency, rareness, rarity; see also Thesaurus:rareness
* (inadequate amount of something): dearth, deficiency, lack, infrequency, penury, rareness, rarity, want; see also Thesaurus:lack

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “condition of something being scarce”): frequency, commonness; see also Thesaurus:commonness
* (antonym(s) of “inadequate amount of something”): abundance, copiousness; see also Thesaurus:excess

#### Derived terms

* artificial scarcity
* digital scarcity
* postscarcity
* root of scarcity

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* city cars
# exorcist
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French exorciste, from Latin exorcista, from Ancient Greek ἐξορκιστής (exorkistḗs).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɛk.sɔː.sɪst/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪst/, /ˈɛk.sɚˌsɪst/

### Noun

exorcist (plural exorcists)
* A person, especially a priest or priestess, who is a masterful practitioner in purification and exorcism to force out evil spirits and/or demons from a living being.

#### Derived terms

* exorcise
* exorcistical

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* excitors

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch exorcist, from Middle French exorciste, from Latin exorcista, from Ancient Greek ἐξορκιστής (exorkistḗs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɛk.sɔrˈsɪst/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: exor‧cist
* Rhymes: -ɪst

### Noun

exorcist m (plural exorcisten)
* (religion) exorcist
    Synonyms: duivelbanner, duivelbezweerder, duiveluitdrijver, geestenbanner, geestenbezweerder

#### Related terms

* exorciseren
* exorcisme

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exorcista.

### Noun

exorcist m (plural exorciști)
* exorcist

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English exorcist).

### Noun

exorcist c
* exorcist

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | exorcist | exorcists |
| singular | definite | exorcisten | exorcistens |
| plural | indefinite | exorcister | exorcisters |
| plural | definite | exorcisterna | exorcisternas |

#### Related terms

* exorcism

### Further reading

* exorcist in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# chamfer
## English
### Etymology

Back-formation from chamfering, from Middle French chanfrain, from Middle French, Old French chanfraindre, possibly a compound of chant (“corner”), from Latin canthus (of either Celtic or Latin origin) + fraindre (“to break”), from frangō (“I break”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃæm.fɚ/
* (UK) IPA: /ˈʃæm.fə/

### Noun

chamfer (plural chamfers)
* An obtuse-angled relief or cut at an edge added for a finished appearance and to break sharp edges.
    Synonyms: round, bevel
    Antonym: fillet

#### Derived terms

* chamfered

#### Translations
### Verb

chamfer (third-person singular simple present chamfers, present participle chamfering, simple past and past participle chamfered)
* (transitive) To cut off the edge or corner of something.
    Synonym: bevel
* (transitive) To cut a groove in something.
    Synonym: flute

#### Derived terms

* chamferer
* rechamfer

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “chamfer”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* chamfer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “chamfer”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# chamfered
## English
### Adjective

chamfered (not comparable)
* Containing chamfers
** 2024 March 6, Dr Joseph Brennan, “England's booking offices of distinction”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 59:The building, in a plain Tudor Gothic style, has a central door in chamfered ashlar surround.

#### Derived terms

* unchamfered

### Verb

chamfered
* simple past and past participle of chamfer
# crossed
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kɹɒst/
* (General American) IPA: /kɹɔst/
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /kɹɑst/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒst, -ɔːst

### Verb

crossed
* simple past and past participle of cross

### Adjective

crossed (not comparable)
* Marked by a line drawn crosswise, often denoting cancellation.
* Folded.
    crossed legs
* Cruciate.
* (heraldry) Having a cross placed on it, or (with respect to the arms of a cross) having a bar placed crosswise over (an existing bar) so as to form a cross.
** 1871, Kilkenny and South-east of Ireland Archaeological Society, The Journal of the Kilkenny and South-east of Ireland Archaeological Society, page 220:In certain popular heraldic works the crest assigned to the surname "Archer," in Ireland, is "a mound azure banded and crossed or," whereas there is no instance of the Archers of Kilkenny - probably the earliest of the name […]
** 1874, John Woody Papworth, An Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms Belonging to Families in Great Britain and Ireland, page 1095:Quarterly gu. and az. a royal orb arg. banded and crossed or. Sweden; granted 1751. Gilbert UNIVERSAL, Bishop of London 1128-34.
** 1897, William Kirkpatrick Riland Bedford, The Blazon of Episcopacy: Being the Arms Borne by Or Attributed to the Archbishops and Bishops of England and Wales with an Ordinary of the Coats Described and of Other Episcopal Arms, page 217:Gules, a cross potent crossed or. CHADERTON, Chester 1579; Lincoln 1595.

#### Derived terms

* crossed cheque
* crossed fingers
* crossed ladders problem
* crossed line
* crossed loop sensor
* crossed wires
* fingers and toes crossed
* fingers crossed
* keep one's fingers crossed
* star-crossed
* uncrossed

### Anagrams

* Cordses, Secords, socreds, scorsed, Socreds, escrods
# ballooning
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈluːnɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

ballooning (not comparable)
* Growing rapidly as a balloon.
    The ballooning economy was out of control.
* Rising high in the air.
    The cricketer hit a ballooning shot for six runs.

### Noun

ballooning (countable and uncountable, plural balloonings)
* The act of something that swells or expands.
** 2013, Margaret McCartney, The Patient Paradox, page 95:This major artery from the heart to the lower body, the aorta, can indeed develop aneurysms. These balloonings of the shape of the normally straight artery may cause no bother, no symptoms and no complications.
* (uncountable) The sport or hobby of flying in a hot-air balloon.
    When he retired, he took up ballooning.
** 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
* The mechanical kiting used by spiders, mites, caterpillars, etc. to travel through the air.

#### Derived terms

* ballooningly
* cluster ballooning

#### Translations
### Verb

ballooning
* present participle and gerund of balloon
# ditransitive
## English
### Etymology

From di- +‎ transitive.

### Adjective

ditransitive (not comparable)
* (grammar) Of a class of verbs which take both a direct and an indirect object. An example is 'give', which entails a giver (subject), a gift (direct object) and a receiver (indirect object).
** 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 7, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 344:So far, we have considered only transitive Verbs which take a single NP Complement. However, there are a subset of transitive Verbs (known as ditransitive Verbs) which can take two NP Complements, as illustrated in (16) below (where the NP Complements are bracketed): (16) (a) John gave [Mary] [a present] (16) (b) The postman handed [me] [a parcel] (16) (c) He showed [her] [his credentials] (16) (d) He sent [his mother] [some flowers] (16) (e) Never promise [anyone] [anything] The relevant subcategorisation frame for Verbs used in this construction will be [— NP NP], indicating that they can take two NP Complements.

#### Synonyms

* doubly transitive

#### Hypernyms

* transitive

#### Derived terms

* ditransitively
* ditransitivity

#### Related terms

* ambitransitive
* intransitive
* transitive

#### Translations
### Noun

ditransitive (plural ditransitives)
* (grammar) A verb that takes both an object and an indirect object.
# carretera
## Catalan
### Etymology

From carreta +‎ -era.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kə.rəˈte.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ka.reˈte.ɾa]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

carretera f (plural carreteres)
* road

### Further reading

* “carretera” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From carreta +‎ -era.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kareˈteɾa/ [ka.reˈt̪e.ɾa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: ca‧rre‧te‧ra

### Noun

carretera f (plural carreteras)
* road, highway
* female equivalent of carretero (“carter; cartwright”)

#### Derived terms

* luz de carretera
* mapa de carreteras

### Adjective

carretera f
* feminine singular of carretero

### Further reading

* “carretera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Melilla
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Melilla.

### Proper noun

Melilla
* An autonomous city of Spain and exclave at the edge of Morocco.

#### See also

* Ceuta

### Further reading

* Melilla on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [məˈli.ʎə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [meˈli.ʎa]

### Proper noun

Melilla f
* Melilla (an autonomous city of Spain)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِيلْيَة (malīlya), from Tarifit Mlilt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meˈliʝa/ [meˈli.ʝa]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /meˈliʝa/ [meˈli.ʝa]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /meˈliʎa/ [meˈli.ʎa]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /meˈliʃa/ [meˈli.ʃa]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /meˈliʒa/ [meˈli.ʒa]
* Rhymes: -iʝa
* Rhymes: -iʝa
* Rhymes: -iʎa
* Rhymes: -iʃa
* Rhymes: -iʒa
* Syllabification: Me‧li‧lla

### Proper noun

Melilla f
* Melilla (an autonomous city of Spain and exclave at the edge of Morocco)

#### Derived terms

* melillense

#### Descendants

* → English: Melilla

### References

* ↑ Yahia, Jahfar Hassan (2014). Curso de lengua tamazight, nivel elemental. Caminando en la didáctica de la lengua rifeña
# 謗毀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bànghuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bànghuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bànghuěi
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^4$-hui$^3$
*** Yale: bàng-hwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banqhoei
*** Palladius: банхуэй (banxuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Verb

謗毀
* (literary) to slander; to malign; to calumniate

#### Synonyms

* 倚賴 / 倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 彎鬱 / 弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 攻擊 / 攻击 (gōngjī)
* 栽贓 / 栽赃 (zāizāng)
* 毀謗 / 毁谤 (huǐbàng)
* 污蔑 (wūmiè)
* 潑髒水 / 泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
* 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 詆毀 / 诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
* 誣告 / 诬告
* 誣害 / 诬害 (wūhài)
* 誣捏 / 诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
* 誣枉 / 诬枉 (wūwǎng)
* 誣蔑 / 诬蔑 (wūmiè)
* 誣賴 / 诬赖 (wūlài)
* 誣陷 / 诬陷 (wūxiàn)
* 誹謗 / 诽谤 (fěibàng)
* 謠諑 / 谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
* 讒害 / 谗害 (chánhài)
* 賴 / 赖 (lài)
# summarization
## English
### Etymology

From summarize +‎ -ation.

### Noun

summarization (countable and uncountable, plural summarizations)
* US standard spelling of summarisation.

#### Derived terms

* automatic summarization
# bigwig
## English
### Alternative forms

* big wig, big-wig

### Etymology

First arose in the 1730s, from big +‎ wig. Formerly, English men of authority wore wigs. Bigwig plays on the idea that higher authority is denoted by a larger wig.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: bĭgʹwĭg, IPA: /ˈbɪɡ.wɪɡ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
Rhymes: -ɪɡ

### Noun

bigwig (plural bigwigs)
* (humorous) A person of importance in a group or organization.
    Synonyms: big cheese, VIP; see also Thesaurus:important person
    The company bigwig is gathering his staff together for a meeting today.
** 1891, Grace L. Keith Johnston, The Halletts: A Country Town Chronicle, volume 3, page 34:[…] more innocently, and no doubt profitably, than if he had dined at a big-wig's board or bemused himself with smoke and beer among his brethren of the pen.
** 2016 May 5, “Reality star Bethenny Frankel talks hats, hangovers and her Kentucky Derby party at Empire City Casino”, in New York Daily News:Before her hay-day, she attended many derbys under her dad's celebrity where she'd hobnob with the bigwigs in Millionaire's Row.

#### Derived terms

* bigwiggery
* bigwigism