OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# μαλλός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Of uncertain origin.
The connection with Lithuanian mìlas (“coarse wool”) has been abandoned. Greppin suggests that Armenian մալ (mal, “cattle”) is cognate with the Greek word. The Greek word only denotes the "flock of wool" and never the animal, but this may be a later semantic development. An Indo-European form *mh₂l- is rather improbable, however. The word may well be of substrate origin, with Beekes suggesting a borrowing from Pre-Greek, and Clackson suggesting a borrowing from Arabic, the latter which is also the prevailing theory for the Armenian cognate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mal.lós/ → /malˈlos/ → /maˈlos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /mal.lós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /malˈlos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /malˈlos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /malˈlos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /maˈlos/

### Noun

μαλλός • (mallós) m (genitive μαλλοῦ); second declension
* flock of wool
* tress, braid of hair

#### Derived terms

* δασύμαλλος (dasúmallos)
* μαλλόδετος (mallódetos)
* μαλλοειδής (malloeidḗs)
* μάλλυκες (mállukes)
* μάλλωσις (mállōsis)
* μαλλωτάριον (mallōtárion)
* μαλλωτός (mallōtós)
* πηγεσίμαλλος (pēgesímallos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μαλλός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 899

### Further reading

* “μαλλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “μαλλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* μαλλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# tuyu'
## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /tujuʔ/ [t̪ʊˈjuʔ]
* Rhymes: -uʔ
* Syllabification: tu‧yu'

### Noun

tuyu' (Sulat Sūg spelling تُيُؤْ)
* zeal
* zealousness
* earnestness
* seriousness (especially in study, work, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* magtuyu'
* matuyu'
* pagtuyuan
# kenan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed kena (“to hit”) +‎ -an, inherited from Malay kenan. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.ˈnan/
* Rhymes: -nan
* Hyphenation: kê‧nan

### Verb

kênan
* to agree, to approve

#### Derived terms

* berkenan
* diperkenankan
* memperkenankan
* perkenan
* perkenanan

### Noun

kênan (plural kenan-kenan)
* birthmark

### Further reading

* “kenan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Verb

kenan
* agree
* to like
* to be happy

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* perkenan [causative passive] (peR-)
* mengenani [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* dikenani [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
* terkenan [agentless action] (teR-)
* berkenan [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* memperkenan [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
* diperkenan [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)

### Noun

kenan (Jawi spelling کنن, plural kenan-kenan, informal 1st possessive kenanku, 2nd possessive kenanmu, 3rd possessive kenannya)
* (medicine) birth defect
* birthmark

### Further reading

* “kenan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# tanıklık
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طانقلق (tanıklık); equivalent to tanık (“witness”) +‎ -lık.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɑnɯkˈlɯk/, [t̪ʰɑ.n̪ɯkˈɫ̪ɯk]
* Rhymes: -ɯk
* Hyphenation: ta‧nık‧lık

### Noun

tanıklık (definite accusative tanıklığı, plural tanıklıklar)
* the state or property of being a witness
    Synonyms: şahitlik, şehadet
* the job or function of a witness
    Synonyms: şahitlik, şehadet

#### Derived terms

* tanıklık etmek

### References

* “tanıklık”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# ᡩᡠᡥᠠ
## Manchu
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [tu.χa]

### Noun

ᡩᡠᡥᠠ • (duha)
* intestine; bowel

#### Derived terms

* ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᡠᡥᠠ (narhūn duha)
* ᠮᡠᠸᠠ ᡩᡠᡥᠠ (muwa duha)
# τόλμα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* τόλμη (tólmē)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear”), like τελαμών (telamṓn, “strap, belt”) and τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, scale”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tól.ma/ → /ˈtol.ma/ → /ˈtol.ma/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tól.ma/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈtol.ma/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈtol.ma/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈtol.ma/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈtol.ma/

### Noun

τόλμᾰ • (tólmă) f (genitive τόλμης); first declension
* courage, hardihood
    Synonym: θάρσος (thársos)
* recklessness, overboldness
* bold or daring act

#### Derived terms

* ἀπότολμος (apótolmos)
* ἄτολμος (átolmos)
* πάντολμος (pántolmos)
* τολμάω (tolmáō)
* τολμήεις (tolmḗeis)
* τολμήμα (tolmḗma)
* τολμηρός (tolmērós)
* τόλμησις (tólmēsis)
* τολμητέον (tolmētéon)
* τολμητής (tolmētḗs)
* τολμητίας (tolmētías)
* τολμητικός (tolmētikós)
* τολμητός (tolmētós)
* τόλμιλλος (tólmillos)

### References

* “τόλμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “τόλμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* τόλμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# butlery
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English buttillary, buttlarye, botelerye, botelerie, from Old French boteillerie, butelerie and Medieval Latin butellaria.

### Noun

butlery (countable and uncountable, plural butleries)
* (countable) butler's pantry; serving pantry
    Synonym: (archaic) butlerie
* (uncountable) The work or role of a butler.
** 2007, Steven A. Grasse, The Evil Empire: 101 Ways That England Ruined the World, page 53:The dark side of butlery was even more evident during the height of the Evil Empire, when the strongest and most enterprising local men were made into footmen and majordomos, completely robbed of their dignity but paid for a month's work what they might otherwise make in a year.

#### Coordinate terms

* servery

#### Related terms

* butler
* butler's pantry

### Anagrams

* brutely
# cargola
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kərˈɡɔ.lə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [kaɾˈɣɔ.la]

### Etymology 1

From caragola, from caragol.

#### Noun

cargola f (plural cargoles)
* storksbill (various flowering plants of the genus Erodium)

##### Derived terms

* cargola cicutària
* cargola de codina
* cargola de Montserrat
* cargola de roca

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cargola
* inflection of cargolar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “cargola” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
# ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ
## Manchu
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [ən.tu.ri]

### Noun

ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ • (enduri)
* god; deity

#### Derived terms

* ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ (dukai enduri)
# çekim
## Gagauz
### Etymology

By surface analysis, çek- (“to inhale”) +‎ -im. Turkish çekim is a false friend.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃʲeˈcim/, /t͡ɕeˈcim/
* Hyphenation: çe‧kim

### Noun

çekim (definite accusative çekimi, plural çekimnär)
* inhale, puff done while smoking

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “çekim”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 44

## Turkish
### Etymology

Equivalent to çek- +‎ -im

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃeˈcim/, [t͡ʃe̞ˈcʰim]
* Rhymes: -im
* Hyphenation: çe‧kim

### Noun

çekim (definite accusative çekimi, plural çekimler)
* the act of pulling
* (grammar) conjugation
    Synonym: tasrif
    çekim tablosuconjugation table
* (physics) the pulling power between an object and another object, traction
    Synonyms: traksiyon, cazibe
* (film, television) Any piece of film obtained by continuously running a receiver.
* (figurative) emotion that causes powerful love or affection between people, attraction

#### Derived terms

* ağır çekim
* çekimlemek
* hızlı çekim
* yer çekimi

### References

* “çekim”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# hoang
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 荒 (“wasteland, desert, uncultivated”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hwaːŋ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [hwaːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [waːŋ˧˧]

### Adjective

hoang
* uncultivated, uninhabited, virgin
* wild

#### Derived terms

* chó hoang châu Phi
* chửa hoang
* con hoang (𡥵荒)
* đẻ hoang
* hoang dã (荒野)
* hoang đường (荒唐)
* hoang mạc (荒漠)
* hoang phí (荒費)
* hoang tàn (荒殘)
* tan hoang
# senecione abrotanino
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “southernwood groundsel”.

### Noun

senecione abrotanino m (plural senecioni abrotanini)
* the plant Jacobaea abrotanifolia

#### Related terms

* senecione a foglie lunghe
* senecione alpino
* senecione biancastro
* senecione biancheggiante
* senecione comune
* senecione di Fuchs
* senecione di San Giacomo
* senecione montanino
* senecione palustre
* senecione serpeggiante
* senecione silvano
* senecione subalpino
* senecione sudafricano

### Further reading

* Senecione abrotanino on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$
# Afganastáin
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /afˠˈɡan̪ˠəsˠt̪ˠɑːnʲ/, /-ˈɡanˠə-/

### Proper noun

An Afganastáin f (genitive na hAfganastáine)
* Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)
    Synonym: Poblacht Ioslamach na hAfganastáine

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
Afganastáin
vocative
a Afganastáin
genitive
Afganastáine
dative
Afganastáin
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an Afganastáin
genitive
na hAfganastáine
dative
leis an Afganastáin don Afganastáin :

#### Derived terms

* Afganastánach (“Afghan, Afghani”, adjective)
* Afganastánach m (“Afghan”)

#### Related terms

* Cabúl m (“Kabul”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* “Afghanistan”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “Afganastáin”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
# মেহনত
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian محنت (mihnat).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /mehɔnot̪/, [ˈmehɔnot̪]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /mehɔnot̪/, [ˈmehɔnot̪]

### Noun

মেহনত • (mehonot)
* toil
* (figurative) laborious effort or endeavour

#### Derived terms

* মেহনতি (mehnoti)

### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “মেহনত”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
# senecione biancastro
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “whitish groundsel”.

### Noun

senecione biancastro m (plural senecioni biancastri)
* the plant Senecio cacaliaster

#### Related terms

* senecione a foglie lunghe
* senecione abrotanino
* senecione alpino
* senecione biancheggiante
* senecione comune
* senecione di Fuchs
* senecione di San Giacomo
* senecione montanino
* senecione palustre
* senecione serpeggiante
* senecione silvano
* senecione subalpino
* senecione sudafricano

### Further reading

* Senecione biancastro on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$
# Ies
## English
### Noun

Ies
* Alternative letter-case form of ies

## Central Franconian
### Alternative forms

* Eis (Moselle Franconian)

### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːs/

### Noun

Ies n (plural Ies, diminutive Iesje)
* (Ripuarian) ice
* (Ripuarian) ice cream

## German Low German
### Alternative forms

* Ihs

### Etymology

From Middle Low German îs, from Old Saxon īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Compare Dutch ijs, West Frisian iis, German Eis, English ice, Danish is.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is/

### Noun

Ies n (no plural)
* ice
* ice cream

#### Derived terms

* Bollies
* Buckies
* Drifties
* en grootet Stück Ies
* Glatties
* Glatties op de Straat
* Glatties up de Straat
* Iesbahn
* Iesbarg
* Iesbeen
* Iesbeker
* Iesblock
* Iesbomb
* Iesboor
* Iesbreker
* Iesböverflach
* Iesbüdel
* Iesdeck
* Iesdrift
* Iesduuv
* Iesfeld
* Iesflinkloop
* Iesflinklopen
* Iesflinkläuper
* Iesflinklöper
* Iesfloot
* Iesfoot
* Ieshockey
* Ieshuus
* iesig
* Iesjökel
* Ieskaffe
* Ieskaffee
* Ieskapp
* Ieskasten
* Ieskist
* Ieskoffie
* ieskoolt
* Ieskristall
* Ieskrust
* Ieskunstloop
* Ieskunstlopen
* Ieskunstläuper
* Ieskunstlöper
* Iesland
* Ieslandsch
* ieslandsch
* Ieslannsch
* ieslannsch
* Iesloop
* Ieslopen
* Ieslänner
* Ieslännerin
* Iesläuper
* Ieslöper
* Iesmann
* Iesmass
* Iesmeer
* Iespunkt
* Iesschapp
* Iesscholl
* Iesschull
* Iessport
* Iesstriep
* Iesstück
* Iestappen
* Iestiet
* iestietlich
* Iestietöller
* Iesvagel
* Iesverkäuper
* Iesverköper
* Iesvogel
* Ieswörpel
* Meeries
* Packies
* Ross-Schelfies
* Saaleiestiet
* Schelfies
* Schelfiestafel
* Wießeliestiet
* Würmiestiet

#### See also

* Jökel
* Snee
* Water
* Woter

### References

* Der neue SASS: Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, Plattdeutsch - Hochdeutsch, Hochdeutsch - Plattdeutsch. Plattdeutsche Rechtschreibung, sixth revised edition (2011, →ISBN, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster)

## Saterland Frisian
### Alternative forms

* Íes

### Etymology

From Old Frisian īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą. Cognate with English ice.

### Noun

Ies n
* ice
# senecione biancheggiante
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “whitish groundsel”.

### Noun

senecione biancheggiante m (plural senecioni biancheggianti)
* grey ragwort (Jacobaea incana)

#### Related terms

* senecione a foglie lunghe
* senecione abrotanino
* senecione alpino
* senecione biancastro
* senecione comune
* senecione di Fuchs
* senecione di San Giacomo
* senecione montanino
* senecione palustre
* senecione serpeggiante
* senecione silvano
* senecione subalpino
* senecione sudafricano

### Further reading

* Senecione biancheggiante on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$
# ख़ुश
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* खुश (khuś) (nuqtaless)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš). Compare Bengali খোশ (khōś), Gujarati ખુશ (khuś), Punjabi ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /xʊʃ/, /kʰʊʃ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

ख़ुश • (xuś) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling خوش)
* happy, glad, gay, pleased, merry, cheerful, pleasant, delighted
    Synonyms: प्रसन्न (prasann), मुदित (mudit), हर्षित (harṣit), सुखी (sukhī)
* good, excellent, elegant
    Synonyms: उत्तम (uttam), साधु (sādhu), अच्छा (acchā)
* healthy, wholesome
    Synonyms: पूर्ण (pūrṇ), स्वस्थ (svasth)
* agreeable, acceptable, affable, amiable, content, willing
* prosperous, well off, flourishing
    Synonyms: धनी (dhanī), धनाढ्य (dhanāḍhya), धनवान (dhanvān), अमीर (amīr), सुखी (sukhī)
* sweet, delicious
    Synonyms: स्वादु (svādu), स्वादिष्ट (svādiṣṭ), ज़ायक़ेदार (zāyqedār), मज़ेदार (mazedār), लज़ीज़ (lazīz)

#### Derived terms

* ख़ुश करना (xuś karnā)
* ख़ुशक़िस्मत (xuśqismat)
* ख़ुशक़िस्मती (xuśqismatī)
* ख़ुशक़िस्मती से (xuśqismatī se)
* ख़ुशख़त (xuśxat)
* ख़ुशख़ती (xuśaxtī)
* ख़ुशख़बरी (xuśxabrī)
* ख़ुशगवार (xuśagvār)
* ख़ुशदिल (xuśdil)
* ख़ुशदिली (xuśdilī)
* ख़ुशनवीस (xuśanvīs)
* ख़ुशनवीसी (xuśanvīsī)
* ख़ुशनसीब (xuśansīb)
* ख़ुशनसीबी (xuśansībī)
* ख़ुशनीयत (xuśnīyat)
* ख़ुशनीयती (xuśnīytī)
* ख़ुशनीयती से (xuśnīytī se)
* ख़ुशनुमा (xuśnumā)
* ख़ुशबयान (xuśabyān)
* ख़ुशबयानी (xuśabyānī)
* ख़ुशबू (xuśbū)
* ख़ुशबूदार (xuśbūdār)
* ख़ुशमिज़ाज (xuśmizāj)
* ख़ुशहाल (xuśhāl)
* ख़ुशहाली (xuśhālī)
* ख़ुशामद (xuśāmad)
* ख़ुशामद करना (xuśāmad karnā)
* ख़ुशामदी (xuśāmdī)
* ख़ुशामदी टट्टू (xuśāmdī ṭaṭṭū)
* ख़ुशी (xuśī)
* ख़ुशी करना (xuśī karnā)
* ख़ुशी मनाना (xuśī manānā)
* ख़ुशी से (xuśī se)
* ख़ुशी-ख़ुशी (xuśī-xuśī)
* नाख़ुश (nāxuś)
* नाख़ुशी (nāxuśī)
* बख़ुशी (baxuśī)
* रोटी-दाल से ख़ुश (roṭī-dāl se xuś)

### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “खुश”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* “ख़ुश”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “ख़ुश”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “ḳḥush”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
# Canby
## English
### Proper noun

Canby
* A census-designated place in Modoc County, California, United States.

#### Derived terms

* Canby paxistima
# sintabi
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* santabi, sangtabi
* singtabi

### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit क्षन्तव्य (kṣantavya, “to be pardoned or forgiven”). Compare Old Javanese kṣāntawya / kṣāntabya (“pardon; may I be pardoned”), Toba Batak santabi (“pardon”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sinˈtabiʔ/ [sɪn̪ˈt̪aː.bɪʔ]
* Rhymes: -abiʔ
* Syllabification: sin‧ta‧bi

### Noun

sintabì (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜊᜒ)
* Synonym of pasintabi

#### Derived terms

* pasintabi

### Further reading

* “sintabi”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “santabi”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila, page 176: “Comperdon) Singtabi (pp) I. ſangtabi, hablando on muchos”
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 210
# staꞌa̱
## Tataltepec Chatino
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

staꞌa̱
* river

#### Derived terms

* Staꞌa̱ Chcu Styiꞌ
* staꞌa̱ lati
* Staꞌa̱ Tyatana̱
* toꞌ staꞌa̱

### References

* Pride, Leslie, Pride, Kitty (1970) Vocabulario chatino de Tataltepec. Castellano-chatino, chatino-castellano (Serie de vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 15)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 36, 82
# Moldóiv
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

An Mholdóiv f (genitive na Moldóive)
* Moldova (a country in Eastern Europe; official name: Poblacht na Moldóive)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
Moldóiv
vocative
a Mholdóiv
genitive
Moldóive
dative
Moldóiv
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an Mholdóiv
genitive
na Moldóive
dative
leis an Moldóiv don Mholdóiv :

#### Derived terms

* Moldóvach (“Moldavian”, adjective)
* Moldóvach m (“Moldavian”)

#### Related terms

* Moldáivis m (“the Moldavian language”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* “Moldova”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
# apir
## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* apiru

### Etymology

From Latin aperiō.

### Verb

apir first-singular present indicative (past participle apiritã)
* (of heavenly bodies such as the sun and moon) to rise

#### Antonyms

* apun, scapit

#### Related terms

* apiriri / apirire
* apirit
* apiritã

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English up here!, used to solicit a high five.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧pir

### Noun

apir
* high five

### Verb

apir
* to high five; to slap hands together
* to request a high five

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈpiɾ/ [əˈpiːɾ]
* Hyphenation: a‧pir

### Noun

apír
* high five

#### Derived terms

* apiran
* mipagapir

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin aperiō.

### Verb

apir
* (of the sun) rise; become day

#### Related terms

* apiriri

### References

* ↑ https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagin%C4%83:Theodor_Capidan_-_Meglenorom%C3%A2nii,_vol._I_(Istoria_%C8%99i_graiul_lor).pdf/78

## Old Irish
### Verb

·apir
* Alternative form of ·epir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈpiɾ/ [ʔɐˈpiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: a‧pir

### Noun

apír (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜇ᜔)
* high five

#### Derived terms

* apirin
* mag-apir

### Anagrams

* pari, irap
# ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ
## Manchu
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [t͡ʃɔr.qɔn]

### Numeral

ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ • (jorgon)
* twelve (used only in ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ (jorgon biya, “the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar”))

#### Synonyms

* ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwan juwe)

### Noun

ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ • (jorgon)
* the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar

#### Derived terms

* ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ (jorgon inenggi)
# cigno muto
## Italian
### Etymology

Literally, “mute swan”.

### Noun

cigno muto m (plural cigni muti)
* Synonym of cigno reale (“mute swan”)

#### Related terms

* cigno canoro
* cigno coscoroba
* cigno dal collo nero
* cigno musico
* cigno nero
* cigno trombettiere
# Chinese hamster
## English
### Noun

Chinese hamster (plural Chinese hamsters)
* Any of species Cricetulus griseus of hamsters originating in the deserts of northern China and Mongolia.

#### Derived terms

* Chinese hamster ovary cell
* CHO
* CHO cell

### References

* Chinese hamster on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cricetulus griseus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Cricetulus griseus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# κολοκύνθη
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κολόκῠνθᾰ (kolókŭnthă), κολόκῠνθος (kolókŭnthos), κολόκῠντος (kolókŭntos), κολοκῠ́ντη (kolokŭ́ntē), κολόκῠντᾱ (kolókŭntā)

### Etymology

Based on the suffix, frequent in plant names of substrate origin, Beekes takes the word as Pre-Greek. The word has also been compared with Sanskrit कालिन्द (kālinda, “watermelon”) (which is traditionally considered to be named after the Hindu goddess Kali), as well as with Kurdish [Term?] (kalak, “melon”), because an informant in Athenaeus says that it was introduced from India. This does not reveal much more about the word's origins, however.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ko.lo.kýn.tʰɛː/ → /ko.loˈcyn.θi/ → /ko.loˈcin.θi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ko.lo.kýn.tʰɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ko.loˈkyn.tʰe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ko.loˈcyn.θi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ko.loˈcyn.θi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ko.loˈcin.θi/

### Noun

κολοκῠ́νθη • (kolokŭ́nthē) f (genitive κολοκῠ́νθης); first declension
* bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
* round gourd

#### Derived terms

* κολοκυνθιάς (kolokunthiás)
* κολοκύνθινος (kolokúnthinos)
* κολοκυνθίς (kolokunthís)
* κολοκυνθών (kolokunthṓn)

#### Descendants

* Greek: κολοκύθα (kolokýtha)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κολοκύνθη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 738-9

### Further reading

* “κολοκύνθη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κολοκύνθη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κολοκύνθη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# ljósbjalla
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From ljós (“light”) +‎ bjalla (“beetle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈljouːsˌpjatla/

### Noun

ljósbjalla f (genitive singular ljósbjöllu, nominative plural ljósbjöllur)
* glowworm
    Synonyms: blysbjalla, glætuormur, ljósormur