# duma
## English
### Alternative forms

* Duma

### Etymology

From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), Origin of the Slavic term is disputed. Either of Germanic origin. Doublet of doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow"), *dymъ (“smoke”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdumə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: doomer
* Hyphenation: du‧ma

### Noun

duma (plural dumas)
* A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).
** 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
    Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ...
* A drink mixing wine and vodka.

#### Derived terms

* dumaist

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Damu, Maud, maud, muda

## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈduma/ [ˈdʊmʌ]
* Hyphenation: du‧ma

### Adverb

dúma
* once upon a time
* in the beginning

### Postposition

dúma
* (+ -k form) before
    Anú okmék dúma. ― Before I eat.

### Noun

dúma m
* precedence
* former time

#### Declension
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dùma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Bikol Central
### Noun

duma
* tuber

## Hausa
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dú.máː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [dɪ́.máː]

#### Noun

dumā m (plural dumā̀mē, possessed form duman)
* calabash, gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dú.màː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [dɪ́.màː]

#### Verb

dumā̀ (grade 1)
* To put one's mouth deeply into something
* (with an indirect object) To strike a person with something

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdumɒ]
* Hyphenation: du‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma, “duma”).

#### Noun

duma (usually uncountable, plural dumák)
* (historical) duma

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Romani dùma (“speech”), from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *duma.

#### Noun

duma (countable and uncountable, plural dumák)
* (colloquial) talk, chat
* (colloquial) bullshit, lie

##### Derived terms

* dumál
* dumás
* dumafranci
* dumagép
* dumaparti

### Further reading

* (duma): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (talk, chat): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* duma in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Kituba
### Verb

duma
* to thunder

## Latvian
### Adjective

duma
* (dialectal form) genitive singular masculine of dums
* (dialectal form) nominative singular feminine of dums

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

### Verb

-duma
* to thunder, to rumble

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

duma
* to want
* to wish

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

#### Verb

duma
* to thunder

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀤𑀼𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* दुम (Devanagari script)
* দুম (Bengali script)
* දුම (Sinhalese script)
* ဒုမ or ၻုမ (Burmese script)
* ทุม or ทุมะ (Thai script)
* ᨴᩩᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ທຸມ or ທຸມະ (Lao script)
* ទុម (Khmer script)
* 𑄘𑄪𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”).

### Noun

duma m
* tree

#### Declension
### References

* Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “duma”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
* Maung Tin (1920), The Student's Pali-English Dictionary, Rangoon: British Burma Press.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: du‧ma
* Homophone: Duma

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma. Doublet of Duma.

#### Noun

duma f
* pride (sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ukrainian ду́ма (dúma).

#### Noun

duma f
* dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)
    Synonym: dumka
* dumka (literary work based on such a composition)
    Synonym: dumka

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

duma
* third-person singular present of dumać

### Further reading

* duma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* duma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* duma in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* d'uma (dated)

### Etymology

From earlier d'uma, de (“of”) + uma (“feminine singular indefinite article”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdũ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdũ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈdu.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdu.mɐ/

### Contraction

duma f sg
* Contraction of de uma (“of/from a (feminine)”): feminine singular of dum
** 1877, Unknown, A boneca, compiled in Contos para a Infância, Guerra Junqueiro:
    Deixe-me agora, leitor, contar-lhe uma história — a história duma boneca!Now let me, reader, tell you a story - the story of a doll!

## Southern Ndebele
### Relative

-dúma
* tasteless, flavourless

#### Inflection

Relative concord :
| | Modifier | Copulative |
| 1st singular | engiduma | ngiduma |
| 2nd singular | oduma | uduma |
| 1st plural | esiduma | siduma |
| 2nd plural | eniduma | niduma |
| Class 1 | oduma | uduma |
| Class 2 | abaduma | baduma |
| Class 3 | oduma | uduma |
| Class 4 | eduma | iduma |
| Class 5 | eliduma | liduma |
| Class 6 | aduma | aduma |
| Class 7 | esiduma | siduma |
| Class 8 | eziduma | ziduma |
| Class 9 | eduma | iduma |
| Class 10 | eziduma | ziduma |
| Class 14 | obuduma | buduma |
| Class 15 | okuduma | kuduma |
| Class 17 | okuduma | kuduma |

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)
* Hyphenation: du‧ma

### Noun

duma class IX (plural duma class X)
* cheetah

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /dúːma/

#### Relative

-dúma
* tasteless, flavourless

##### Inflection

Relative concord :
| | Modifier | Modifier | Copulative | Copulative |
| | positive | negative | positive | negative |
| 1st singular | engiduma | engingeduma | ngiduma | angiduma |
| 2nd singular | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
| 1st plural | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
| 2nd plural | eniduma | eningeduma | niduma | aniduma |
| Class 1 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | akaduma |
| Class 2 | abaduma | abangeduma | baduma | abaduma |
| Class 3 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
| Class 4 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
| Class 5 | eliduma | elingeduma | liduma | aliduma |
| Class 6 | aduma | angeduma | aduma | awaduma |
| Class 7 | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
| Class 8 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
| Class 9 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
| Class 10 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
| Class 11 | oluduma | olungeduma | luduma | aluduma |
| Class 14 | obuduma | obungeduma | buduma | abuduma |
| Class 15 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |
| Class 17 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
The expected reflex would be -vuma. It is likely that this is a back formation from indumo, from Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ma, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

#### Verb

-duma
* (intransitive) to be noisy
* (intransitive) to roar, to thunder
* (intransitive) to be famous, to be renowned

##### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuduma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuduma | ukungadumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | duma | -dume |
| Plural | dumani | -dumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaduma, ngiduma | engidumayo, engiduma | ngiduma | angidumi | engingadumi | ngingadumi |
| 2nd singular | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | uduma | awudumi | ongadumi | ungadumi |
| 1st plural | siyaduma, siduma | esidumayo, esiduma | siduma | asidumi | esingadumi | singadumi |
| 2nd plural | niyaduma, niduma | enidumayo, eniduma | niduma | anidumi | eningadumi | ningadumi |
| Class 1 | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | eduma | akadumi | ongadumi | engadumi |
| Class 2 | bayaduma, baduma | abadumayo, abaduma | beduma | abadumi | abangadumi | bengadumi |
| Class 3 | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | uduma | awudumi | ongadumi | ungadumi |
| Class 4 | iyaduma, iduma | edumayo, eduma | iduma | ayidumi | engadumi | ingadumi |
| Class 5 | liyaduma, liduma | elidumayo, eliduma | liduma | alidumi | elingadumi | lingadumi |
| Class 6 | ayaduma, aduma | adumayo, aduma | eduma | awadumi | angadumi | engadumi |
| Class 7 | siyaduma, siduma | esidumayo, esiduma | siduma | asidumi | esingadumi | singadumi |
| Class 8 | ziyaduma, ziduma | ezidumayo, eziduma | ziduma | azidumi | ezingadumi | zingadumi |
| Class 9 | iyaduma, iduma | edumayo, eduma | iduma | ayidumi | engadumi | ingadumi |
| Class 10 | ziyaduma, ziduma | ezidumayo, eziduma | ziduma | azidumi | ezingadumi | zingadumi |
| Class 11 | luyaduma, luduma | oludumayo, oluduma | luduma | aludumi | olungadumi | lungadumi |
| Class 14 | buyaduma, buduma | obudumayo, obuduma | buduma | abudumi | obungadumi | bungadumi |
| Class 15 | kuyaduma, kuduma | okudumayo, okuduma | kuduma | akudumi | okungadumi | kungadumi |
| Class 17 | kuyaduma, kuduma | okudumayo, okuduma | kuduma | akudumi | okungadumi | kungadumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidumile, ngidumē | engidumile, engidumē | ngidumile, ngidumē | angidumanga | engingadumanga | ngingadumanga |
| 2nd singular | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | udumile, udumē | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga |
| 1st plural | sidumile, sidumē | esidumile, esidumē | sidumile, sidumē | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga |
| 2nd plural | nidumile, nidumē | enidumile, enidumē | nidumile, nidumē | anidumanga | eningadumanga | ningadumanga |
| Class 1 | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | edumile, edumē | akadumanga | ongadumanga | engadumanga |
| Class 2 | badumile, badumē | abadumile, abadumē | bedumile, bedumē | abadumanga | abangadumanga | bengadumanga |
| Class 3 | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | udumile, udumē | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga |
| Class 4 | idumile, idumē | edumile, edumē | idumile, idumē | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga |
| Class 5 | lidumile, lidumē | elidumile, elidumē | lidumile, lidumē | alidumanga | elingadumanga | lingadumanga |
| Class 6 | adumile, adumē | adumile, adumē | edumile, edumē | awadumanga | angadumanga | engadumanga |
| Class 7 | sidumile, sidumē | esidumile, esidumē | sidumile, sidumē | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga |
| Class 8 | zidumile, zidumē | ezidumile, ezidumē | zidumile, zidumē | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga |
| Class 9 | idumile, idumē | edumile, edumē | idumile, idumē | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga |
| Class 10 | zidumile, zidumē | ezidumile, ezidumē | zidumile, zidumē | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga |
| Class 11 | ludumile, ludumē | oludumile, oludumē | ludumile, ludumē | aludumanga | olungadumanga | lungadumanga |
| Class 14 | budumile, budumē | obudumile, obudumē | budumile, budumē | abudumanga | obungadumanga | bungadumanga |
| Class 15 | kudumile, kudumē | okudumile, okudumē | kudumile, kudumē | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga |
| Class 17 | kudumile, kudumē | okudumile, okudumē | kudumile, kudumē | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāduma | engāduma | ngāduma | angidumanga | engingadumanga | ngingadumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāduma | owāduma | wāduma | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga |
| 1st plural | sāduma | esāduma | sāduma | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāduma | enāduma | nāduma | anidumanga | eningadumanga | ningadumanga |
| Class 1 | wāduma | owāduma | āduma | akadumanga | ongadumanga | engadumanga |
| Class 2 | bāduma | abāduma | bāduma | abadumanga | abangadumanga | bengadumanga |
| Class 3 | wāduma | owāduma | wāduma | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga |
| Class 4 | yāduma | eyāduma | yāduma | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga |
| Class 5 | lāduma | elāduma | lāduma | alidumanga | elingadumanga | lingadumanga |
| Class 6 | āduma | āduma | āduma | awadumanga | angadumanga | engadumanga |
| Class 7 | sāduma | esāduma | sāduma | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga |
| Class 8 | zāduma | ezāduma | zāduma | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga |
| Class 9 | yāduma | eyāduma | yāduma | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga |
| Class 10 | zāduma | ezāduma | zāduma | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāduma | olwāduma | lwāduma | aludumanga | olungadumanga | lungadumanga |
| Class 14 | bāduma | obāduma | bāduma | abudumanga | obungadumanga | bungadumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāduma | okwāduma | kwāduma | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāduma | okwāduma | kwāduma | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaduma | — | ngingaduma | ngingedume | — | ngingedume |
| 2nd singular | ungaduma | — | ungaduma | ungedume | — | ungedume |
| 1st plural | singaduma | — | singaduma | singedume | — | singedume |
| 2nd plural | ningaduma | — | ningaduma | ningedume | — | ningedume |
| Class 1 | angaduma | — | engaduma | angedume | — | engedume |
| Class 2 | bangaduma | — | bengaduma | bangedume | — | bengedume |
| Class 3 | ungaduma | — | ungaduma | ungedume | — | ungedume |
| Class 4 | ingaduma | — | ingaduma | ingedume | — | ingedume |
| Class 5 | lingaduma | — | lingaduma | lingedume | — | lingedume |
| Class 6 | angaduma | — | engaduma | angedume | — | engedume |
| Class 7 | singaduma | — | singaduma | singedume | — | singedume |
| Class 8 | zingaduma | — | zingaduma | zingedume | — | zingedume |
| Class 9 | ingaduma | — | ingaduma | ingedume | — | ingedume |
| Class 10 | zingaduma | — | zingaduma | zingedume | — | zingedume |
| Class 11 | lungaduma | — | lungaduma | lungedume | — | lungedume |
| Class 14 | bungaduma | — | bungaduma | bungedume | — | bungedume |
| Class 15 | kungaduma | — | kungaduma | kungedume | — | kungedume |
| Class 17 | kungaduma | — | kungaduma | kungedume | — | kungedume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoduma | engizoduma | ngizoduma | angizuduma | engingezuduma | ngingezuduma |
| 2nd singular | uzoduma | ozoduma | uzoduma | awuzuduma | ongezuduma | ungezuduma |
| 1st plural | sizoduma | esizoduma | sizoduma | asizuduma | esingezuduma | singezuduma |
| 2nd plural | nizoduma | enizoduma | nizoduma | anizuduma | eningezuduma | ningezuduma |
| Class 1 | uzoduma | ozoduma | ezoduma | akazuduma | ongezuduma | engezuduma |
| Class 2 | bazoduma | abazoduma | bezoduma | abazuduma | abangezuduma | bengezuduma |
| Class 3 | uzoduma | ozoduma | uzoduma | awuzuduma | ongezuduma | ungezuduma |
| Class 4 | izoduma | ezoduma | izoduma | ayizuduma | engezuduma | ingezuduma |
| Class 5 | lizoduma | elizoduma | lizoduma | alizuduma | elingezuduma | lingezuduma |
| Class 6 | azoduma | azoduma | ezoduma | awazuduma | angezuduma | engezuduma |
| Class 7 | sizoduma | esizoduma | sizoduma | asizuduma | esingezuduma | singezuduma |
| Class 8 | zizoduma | ezizoduma | zizoduma | azizuduma | ezingezuduma | zingezuduma |
| Class 9 | izoduma | ezoduma | izoduma | ayizuduma | engezuduma | ingezuduma |
| Class 10 | zizoduma | ezizoduma | zizoduma | azizuduma | ezingezuduma | zingezuduma |
| Class 11 | luzoduma | oluzoduma | luzoduma | aluzuduma | olungezuduma | lungezuduma |
| Class 14 | buzoduma | obuzoduma | buzoduma | abuzuduma | obungezuduma | bungezuduma |
| Class 15 | kuzoduma | okuzoduma | kuzoduma | akuzuduma | okungezuduma | kungezuduma |
| Class 17 | kuzoduma | okuzoduma | kuzoduma | akuzuduma | okungezuduma | kungezuduma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoduma | engiyoduma | ngiyoduma | angiyuduma | engingeyuduma | ngingeyuduma |
| 2nd singular | uyoduma | oyoduma | uyoduma | awuyuduma | ongeyuduma | ungeyuduma |
| 1st plural | siyoduma | esiyoduma | siyoduma | asiyuduma | esingeyuduma | singeyuduma |
| 2nd plural | niyoduma | eniyoduma | niyoduma | aniyuduma | eningeyuduma | ningeyuduma |
| Class 1 | uyoduma | oyoduma | eyoduma | akayuduma | ongeyuduma | engeyuduma |
| Class 2 | bayoduma | abayoduma | beyoduma | abayuduma | abangeyuduma | bengeyuduma |
| Class 3 | uyoduma | oyoduma | uyoduma | awuyuduma | ongeyuduma | ungeyuduma |
| Class 4 | iyoduma | eyoduma | iyoduma | ayiyuduma | engeyuduma | ingeyuduma |
| Class 5 | liyoduma | eliyoduma | liyoduma | aliyuduma | elingeyuduma | lingeyuduma |
| Class 6 | ayoduma | ayoduma | eyoduma | awayuduma | angeyuduma | engeyuduma |
| Class 7 | siyoduma | esiyoduma | siyoduma | asiyuduma | esingeyuduma | singeyuduma |
| Class 8 | ziyoduma | eziyoduma | ziyoduma | aziyuduma | ezingeyuduma | zingeyuduma |
| Class 9 | iyoduma | eyoduma | iyoduma | ayiyuduma | engeyuduma | ingeyuduma |
| Class 10 | ziyoduma | eziyoduma | ziyoduma | aziyuduma | ezingeyuduma | zingeyuduma |
| Class 11 | luyoduma | oluyoduma | luyoduma | aluyuduma | olungeyuduma | lungeyuduma |
| Class 14 | buyoduma | obuyoduma | buyoduma | abuyuduma | obungeyuduma | bungeyuduma |
| Class 15 | kuyoduma | okuyoduma | kuyoduma | akuyuduma | okungeyuduma | kungeyuduma |
| Class 17 | kuyoduma | okuyoduma | kuyoduma | akuyuduma | okungeyuduma | kungeyuduma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngidume | ngingadumi |
| 2nd singular | udume | ungadumi |
| 1st plural | sidume | singadumi |
| 2nd plural | nidume | ningadumi |
| Class 1 | adume | angadumi |
| Class 2 | badume | bangadumi |
| Class 3 | udume | ungadumi |
| Class 4 | idume | ingadumi |
| Class 5 | lidume | lingadumi |
| Class 6 | adume | angadumi |
| Class 7 | sidume | singadumi |
| Class 8 | zidume | zingadumi |
| Class 9 | idume | ingadumi |
| Class 10 | zidume | zingadumi |
| Class 11 | ludume | lungadumi |
| Class 14 | budume | bungadumi |
| Class 15 | kudume | kungadumi |
| Class 17 | kudume | kungadumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaduma | ngangaduma, angaduma, angangaduma |
| 2nd singular | waduma | wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma |
| 1st plural | saduma | sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma |
| 2nd plural | naduma | nangaduma, anaduma, anangaduma |
| Class 1 | waduma | wangaduma, akaduma, akangaduma |
| Class 2 | baduma | bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma |
| Class 3 | waduma | wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma |
| Class 4 | yaduma | yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma |
| Class 5 | laduma | langaduma, aladuma, alangaduma |
| Class 6 | aduma | angaduma, awaduma, awangaduma |
| Class 7 | saduma | sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma |
| Class 8 | zaduma | zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma |
| Class 9 | yaduma | yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma |
| Class 10 | zaduma | zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma |
| Class 11 | lwaduma | lwangaduma, alwaduma, alwangaduma |
| Class 14 | baduma | bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma |
| Class 15 | kwaduma | kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma |
| Class 17 | kwaduma | kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-duma”
* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “duma (8.3)”