# مسلمان
## Chagatai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُسَلْمَان (musalmān), borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), from أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama).

### Noun

مسلمان (musulman or muselman)
* Muslim

#### Descendants

* Uyghur: مۇسۇلمان (musulman)
* Uzbek: musulmon

### Further reading

* Jarring, Gunnar (1964) “مسلمان”, in An Eastern Turki-English Dialect Dictionary‎, C.W.K. Gleerup, page 201

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim).

### Noun

مسلمان • (müsliman)
* Muslim

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Müslüman
* → Albanian: mysliman
* → Crimean Tatar: musulman
* → Italian: musulmano
** → German: Muselman
*** → Estonian: musulman
*** → Swedish: muselman
** → French: musulman
** → Galician: musulmán
** → English: Mussulman
** → Maltese: musulman
** → Portuguese: muçulmano
** → Romanian: musulman
** → Spanish: musulmán
* → Bulgarian: мюсюлма́нин (mjusjulmánin)
* → Greek: μουσουλμάνος (mousoulmános)
* → Macedonian: муслиман (musliman)
* → Serbo-Croatian: муслѝма̄н / muslìmān
* → Slovene: muslimȃn

## Persian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), probably a corrupted borrowing of the Arabic plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn).
This is one of a number of very early oral borrowings from Arabic, dating to the earliest years of Islamic rule, that underwent irregular phonetic shifts. Others include میر (mir, “prince”) from أَمِير (ʔamīr) and now archaic Classical Persian مزگت (mazgit, “mosque”) from مَسْجِد (masjid).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.sal.ˈmɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.säl.mɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.sæl.mɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.säl.mɔ́n]

### Noun

| Dari | مسلمان |
| Iranian Persian | مسلمان |
| Tajik | мусалмон |
مسلمان • (mosalmân) (plural مسلمانان (mosalmânân) or مسلمین (moslemin) or مسلمان‌ها (mosalmân-hâ))
* Muslim
** c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 175”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]‎:عزمش چو عزم و حجت پیغمبران درست رایش چو رای و دولت نیک اختران متین همچون پدر بزرگ و جهاندار و بختیار همچون پدر کریم و مسلمان و پاکدینazm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payğambarān durust rāy-aš čū rāy u dawlat-i nēk axtarān matīn hamčūn pidar buzurg u jahandār u baxtyār hamčūn pidar karīm u musalmān u pākdīnHis resolve is correct like the resolve and deeds of the prophets, His opinion is firm like the opinion and felicity of the fortunate: Just like his father, he is great, world-possessing, auspicious, Just like his father, he is noble, Muslim, pure of faith.(Classical Persian transliteration)
** c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 217”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]‎:مسلمانان مرا وقتی دلی بود که با وی گفتمی گر مشکلی بودmusalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd ki bā way guftamē gar muškilē būdMuslims! I once used to have a heart To whom I would talk, should I have a problem.(Classical Persian romanization)

#### Related terms

* اسلام (eslâm)
* مسلمانی (mosalmâni)

#### Descendants

* → Avar: бусурманчи (busurmanči)
* → Azerbaijani: müsəlman
* → Bashkir: мосолман (mosolman)
* → Bengali: মুসলমান (musolman)
* → Chagatai: مسلمان
** Uyghur: مۇسۇلمان (musulman)
** Uzbek: musulmon
* → Dargwa: бусурман (busurman)
* ⇒ Georgian: მუსულმანი (musulmani)
* → Gujarati: મુસલમાન (musalmān)
* → Kazakh: мұсылман (mūsylman)
* → Kumyk: бусурман (busurman)
* → Kyrgyz: мусулман (musulman)
* → Lak: бусурман (busurman)
* → Maithili:
    Devanagari script: मुसलमान (musalᵊmān)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒮𑒪𑒧𑒰𑒢 (musalamāna)
* → Marathi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
* → Mongolian: мусульман (musulʹman)
* → Old Hindi: मुसलमांन (musalamā̃na)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
    Urdu: مُسَلْمَان (musalmān)
* → Odia: ମୁସଲମାନ (musalamāna)
* → Tatar: мөселман (möselman)
** → Belarusian: мусульма́нін (musulʹmánin)
** → Russian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmánin)
** → Ukrainian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmányn)
* → Ottoman Turkish: مسلمان
** Turkish: Müslüman
** → Albanian: mysliman
** → Crimean Tatar: musulman
** → Italian: musulmano
*** → German: Muselman
**** → Estonian: musulman
**** → Swedish: muselman
*** → French: musulman
*** → Galician: musulmán
*** → English: Mussulman
*** → Maltese: musulman
*** → Portuguese: muçulmano
*** → Romanian: musulman
*** → Spanish: musulmán
** → Bulgarian: мюсюлма́нин (mjusjulmánin)
** → Greek: μουσουλμάνος (mousoulmános)
** → Macedonian: муслиман (musliman)
** → Serbo-Croatian: муслѝма̄н / muslìmān
** → Slovene: muslimȃn
* → Old Punjabi: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਣੁ (musalamāṇu), ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੁ (musalamānu)
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ (muslamān)
    Shahmukhi script: مُسَلمان (musalmān)
* → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: مُسلْمان
    Devanagari script: मुसलमान

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim). Compare Punjabi ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ (muslamān) / مُسَلمان (musalmān), Gujarati મુસલમાન (musalmān), Marathi मुसलमान (musalmān), Bengali মুসলমান (musolman). First attested as Middle Hindi مسلمان (musalamān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mʊ.səl.mɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn
* Hyphenation: مُ‧سَل‧مان

### Noun

مُسَلْمان • (musalmān) m (Hindi spelling मुसलमान)
* (Islam) Muslim

### Further reading

* “مسلمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “مسلمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مسلمان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “مسلمان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.