# isern
## Middle High German
### Alternative forms

* īser, īsen

### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German īsarn, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈiːs̠ərn/

### Noun

īsern n
* iron

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: Iise
    Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
* Bavarian: Eisn
    Cimbrian: aizarn
    Mòcheno: aisn
* Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
** Hunsrik: Eise
** Luxembourgish: Eisen
* German: Eisen, Eiser
* Vilamovian: ȧjza
* Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)

### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* īren, īsen

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.
Cognates include Old Frisian īsern (West Frisian izer), Old Saxon īsarn (Low German Iesen), Old Dutch *īsarn (Dutch ijzer), Old High German īsarn (German Eisen), Old Norse járn (Swedish järn), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn), Old Irish īärn (Irish iarann, Welsh haearn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiː.sern/, [ˈiː.zerˠn]

### Noun

īsern n (nominative plural īsern)
* the metal iron
* an instrument or tool made from iron, especially an iron sword
** 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5‎:Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.
* an iron shackle or fetter

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

### Adjective

īsern
* consisting or made of iron
** late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
    ⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...

#### Derived terms

* bredīsern (“a graving-iron”)
* hōcīsern (“a reaping-hook, sickle”)
* īsernbyrne f (“iron breastplate or corselet”)
* īsernfeter f (“iron fetter or binding”)
* īsernġelōma m (“an iron tool”)
* īserngrǣġ (“iron gray”)
* īsernhelm m (“an iron helmet”)
* īsernhere m (“an ironclad army”)
* īsernōre f (“an iron ore quarry”)
* īsernsċūr m (“shower of iron projectiles”)
* īsernsmiþ m (“blacksmith”)
* īsernwyrhta m (“an ironworker”)
* lēohtīsern (“a candlestick”)
* mearcīsern (“a branding-iron”)
* rīpīsern (“a reaping-iron”)
* stempingīsern (“a stamping-iron”)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: iren, eren, irne, iron, isen
** English: iron
*** → Marshallese: aen
** Scots: airn, ern, irne
** Yola: eeren

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ĪSERN”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ĪSERN”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old Frisian
### Alternative forms

* īrsen

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

### Noun

īsern n
* iron (metal)

#### Descendants

* Saterland Frisian: Iersen
* West Frisian: izer

### References

* Hofmann, Dietrich, Tjerk Popkema, Anne with co-op. Gisela Hofmann (2008) Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch [Old Frisian Concise Dictionary]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN
* Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)