# 添

| 添 | U+6DFB, &#28155; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DFB |
| ← 淺 [U+6DFA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 淼 → [U+6DFC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

添 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹大心 (EHKP) or 水一大心 (EMKP), four-corner 3213$_3$, composition ⿰氵忝)

#### Derived characters

* 𠻹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17698
* Dae Jaweon: page 1039, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1639, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6DFB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 添 | *tʰiːm |
| 忝 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms |
| 悿 | *tʰiːmʔ |
| 舔 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ |
| 菾 | *diːm |
| 天 | *qʰl'iːn |
| 吞 | *qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn |
| 祆 | *qʰliːn |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰiːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) – to increase by pouring more water in.

### Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”), whence Thai เต็ม (dtem, “full”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tiān (tian$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (ti͡an, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tim$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thiâm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiam$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ting$^1$ / tieng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ / thiam
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$thi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tian
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (ti͡an, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tim$^1$
*** Yale: tīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːm⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiam³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: tiam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tiam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tiam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰiam⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰieŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ting$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tieng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛŋ⁵³³/
* ting1 - vernacular;
* tieng1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: them
Rime :
| Character | 添 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 他兼切 |
| Baxter | them |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰem/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰem/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛm/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰem/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰiem/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰiem/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰiːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 添 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ them › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁ[i]m/ |
| English | add |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 添 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12381 |
| Phonetic component | 天 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 添 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰiːm/ |

### Definitions

添
* to add; to increase; to supplement; to fill
    添新衣 ― tiān xīn yī ― to buy new clothes
    不給別人添麻煩／不给别人添麻烦 ― bù gěi biérén tiān máfan ― to not trouble others
* to give birth to (a baby)
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) again; more
    Alternative forms: 㖭 (tim$^1$) (Cantonese), 𠻹 (tim$^1$) (Cantonese)
       m$^4$ goi$^1$, jiu$^3$ do$^1$ loeng$^5$ wun$^2$ baak$^6$ faan$^6$ tim$^1$ aa$^1$! [Jyutping]
       Excuse me, two more bowls of steamed rice, please!
       waang$^4$ dim$^6$ zung$^6$ jau$^5$ loeng$^5$ go$^3$ zung$^1$ sin$^1$ soeng$^5$ dak$^1$ gei$^1$, zoi$^3$ min$^4$ zan$^6$ tim$^1$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ paa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       Since there is still two hours before boarding anyway, there's no worry in napping a little more.
** 1998, 一同分享觀看電視的樂趣，並給予兒童適當指導 [Share the joy of watching TV and provide children with guidance]‎, 廣播事務管理局:
       gai$^1$ daan$^{6-2}$ luk$^6$ zek$^3$, tong$^4$ ne$^1$ zau$^6$ loeng$^5$ caa$^4$ ci$^4$, zoi$^3$ jau$^5$ di$^1$ caang$^{4-2}$ pei$^4$ tim$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Six eggs, two teaspoons of sugar, and also some orange peels.
* (Cantonese) Particle expressing surprise (mirativity).
    Alternative forms: 㖭 (tim$^1$) (Cantonese), 𠻹 (tim$^1$) (Cantonese)
       ngo$^5$ zung$^6$ ji$^5$ wai$^4$ nei$^5$ hai$^6$ zung$^1$ gwok$^3$ jan$^4$ tim$^1$! [Jyutping]
       And I thought you were Chinese!
       ngo$^5$ m$^4$ gei$^3$ dak$^1$ saai$^3$ tim$^1$! [Jyutping]
       I'd totally forgotten!
       gam$^1$ jat$^6$ lok$^6$ syut$^3$ tim$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Oh, it's snowing today.
* (Taishanese) need to (do something); have to
       I have to go anyway.
* a surname
* (Cantonese) A transliteration of the English male given name Tim

#### Synonyms

* (to add): 加 (jiā), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
* (again):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 再 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 再 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 再 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 再 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 再 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 又, 再 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 再 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 再 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 再 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 再, 添 > |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 再, 添 > |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 應 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 再, 湊 > |
| Hakka | Meixian | 再, 添 > |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 再 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 再, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 再, 蓋, 介 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 介 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 再 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 又, 再 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 再 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 再, 添 > |
| Xiang | Changsha | 再 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 再, 還 |
| Note | > - used after the object | > - used after the object |

### Compounds

* 一喫一添 / 一吃一添
* 加枝添葉 / 加枝添叶
* 加油添醋
* 加油添醬 / 加油添酱
* 加添 (jiātiān)
* 十頭添撇 / 十头添撇
* 增添 (zēngtiān)
* 增磚添瓦 / 增砖添瓦
* 如虎添翼 (rúhǔtiānyì)
* 平添 (píngtiān)
* 延壽添嗣 / 延寿添嗣
* 放屁添風 / 放屁添风
* 有枝添葉 / 有枝添叶
* 沒添貨 / 没添货
* 海屋添籌 / 海屋添筹
* 海屋籌添 / 海屋筹添
* 添丁 (tiāndīng)
* 添乘 (tiānchéng)
* 添倉 / 添仓
* 添倅
* 添傳 / 添传
* 添兵減灶 / 添兵减灶
* 添削
* 添前字
* 添力
* 添加 (tiānjiā)
* 添加物 (tiānjiāwù)
* 添增 (tiānzēng)
* 添墳 / 添坟
* 添壽 / 添寿
* 添妝 / 添妆
* 添展
* 添差
* 添忙
* 添房
* 添換 / 添换
* 添改
* 添本
* 添枝加葉 / 添枝加叶
* 添枝增葉 / 添枝增叶
* 添枝接葉 / 添枝接叶
* 添案
* 添案小吃
* 添梯
* 添油加醋 (tiānyóujiācù)
* 添油熾薪 / 添油炽薪
* 添火
* 添盆
* 添磚加瓦 / 添砖加瓦 (tiānzhuānjiāwǎ)
* 添禍 / 添祸
* 添答
* 添箱
* 添粧 / 添妆
* 添給 / 添给
* 添綴 / 添缀
* 添線 / 添线
* 添置 (tiānzhì)
* 添補 / 添补
* 添設 / 添设 (tiānshè)
* 添註 / 添注
* 添購 / 添购
* 添造
* 添都
* 添都馬 / 添都马
* 添酒
* 添醋加油
* 添附
* 添革
* 添鹽着醋
* 火上添油
* 為虎添翼 / 为虎添翼
* 為蛇添足 / 为蛇添足
* 無添和 / 无添和
* 猛虎添翼
* 生添
* 畫蛇添足 / 画蛇添足 (huàshétiānzú)
* 眉下添眉
* 籌添海屋 / 筹添海屋
* 紅袖添香 / 红袖添香
* 與虎添翼 / 与虎添翼
* 蛇添足
* 錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
* 附添
* 頰上添毫 / 颊上添毫

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: thêm

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to attach

#### Readings

* Go-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)
* Kun: そえる (soeru, 添える, Jōyō)、そう (sou, 添う, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 添 (MC them). Recorded as Middle Korean 텸〮 (thyém) (Yale: thyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 添 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))
* hanja form of 첨 (“add”)

#### Compounds

* 첨가 (添加, cheomga)
* 첨부 (添附, cheombu)
* 첨삭 (添削, cheomsak)
* 화사첨족 (畫蛇添足, hwasacheomjok)
* 후첨 (後添, hucheom)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

添: Hán Nôm readings: thêm, thiêm, thếch
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation