# shire
## English
### Etymology

The noun is derived from Middle English schire (“region, shire, county”) [and other forms], from Old English sċīr (“administrative region under an alderman and sheriff, shire; district under a governor or official; status of an official, office”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *skīru (“district; status of an official, office”); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to Latin cūra (“care, concern; administration, charge, management; command, office”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed; to see”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʃaɪə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American, Scotland) IPA: /ʃaɪ(ə)ɹ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)

### Noun

shire (plural shires)
* (British)
** (chiefly historical) An administrative area or district between about the 5th to the 11th century, subdivided into hundreds or wapentakes and jointly governed by an ealdorman and a sheriff; also, a present-day area corresponding to such a historical district; a county; especially (England), a county having a name ending in -shire.
    Yorkshire is the largest shire in England.
*** 1599 (first performance; published 1600), Thomas Dekker, “The Shomakers Holiday. Or The Gentle Craft. […]”, in The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker […], volume I, London: John Pearson […], published 1873, →OCLC, page 10:I thanke his grace he hath appointed him, / Chiefe colonell of all thoſe companies / Muſtred in London, and the ſhires about, / To ſerue his highneſſe in thoſe warres of France: […]
*** a. 1604 (date written), Sampson Erdeswicke, edited by Simon Degge, A Survey of Staffordshire. […], London: […] E[dmund] Curll, […], published 1717, →OCLC, page 211:But thus I do conjecture it to be, That at the firſt Unitining of the Heptarchy of the Saxons, and the Shiring out of the Kingdom, it vvas divided into Shires, and the Shires again into Hundreds, as it fell out, in ſome more, in ſome leſs: VVhich Shires (as I have ſaid) the King gave to ſuch as he pleaſed, and to their Heirs, to hold of him by an Earls Fee.
*** 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter I, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 113:In August, 1642, the sword was at length drawn; and soon, in almost every shire of the kingdom, two hostile factions appeared in arms against each other.
*** 1854 November 14 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, Passages from the English Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., published 1870, →OCLC, page 139:Mrs. Heywood tells me that there are many Catholics among the lower classes in Lancashire and Cheshire,—probably the descendants of retainers of the old Catholic nobility and gentry, who are more numerous in these shires than in other parts of England.
*** 1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XXXVII”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 53:As through the wild green hills of Wyre / The train ran, changing sky and shire, / […] / My hand lay empty on my knee. / Aching on my knee it lay: / That morning half a shire away / So many an honest fellow's fist / Had wellnigh wrung it from the wrist.
*** 2016, Levi Roach, “Birth and Childhood: The Court of King Edgar, c. 966×9–75”, in Æthelred the Unready, New Haven, Conn., London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 26:The early history of the shire is hard to trace. Already in the ninth century it seems to have been the core administrative division within Wessex. Originally each shire was overseen by an ealdorman, who was charged with raising levies and perhaps also overseeing the local court (though the evidence is scant on the latter point). At the heart of the shire lay the local assembly (the ‘shire court’), at which such business was conducted.
** (by extension) The people living in a shire (sense 1.1) considered collectively.
*** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Arcadian Simplicity”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 94:You, my love, are a little paragon—positively a little jewel—You have more brains than half the shire— […]
** (by extension, informal) The general area in which a person comes from or lives.
    Coordinate term: hometown
    When are you coming back to the shire?
* (by extension) An administrative area or district in other countries.
** 1682, John Bunyan, “[Three or Four of the Doubters Go into Mansoul, are Entertained, and by whom]”, in The Holy War, Made by Shaddai upon Diabolus, for the Regaining of the Metropolis of the World. […], London: […] Dorman Newman […]; and Benjamin Alsop […], →OCLC, page 371:[T]his old Evil-queſtioning asked the Doubters if they vvere all of a Tovvn, (he knevv that they vvere all of one Kingdom)? and they anſvvered no, nor not of one Shire neither; […]
** (Australia, often attributive) An outer suburban or rural local government area which elects its own council.
* Short for shire horse (“a draught horse of a tall British breed, usually bay, black, or grey”).
* (obsolete)
** A district or province governed by a person; specifically (Christianity), the province of an archbishop, the see of a bishop, etc.
*** 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book V.] Laodicea, Apamia, Ionia, Ephesus.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 107:A third Seignorie or Shire there is that goeth to Apamia, vvhich in old time vvas called Celænæ, and aftervvards Ciboron: […]
** (by extension, generally) A region; also, a country.
*** 1574, Augustine Marlorate [i.e., Augustin Marlorat], “[Revelation 1:11]”, in Arthur Golding, transl., A Catholike Exposition vpon the Reuelation of Sainct Iohn. […], London: […] H[enry] Binneman, for L[ucas] Harison, and G[eorge] Bishop, →OCLC, folio 19, verso:And Thyatira. It is a Citie of Lydia which is a ſhyre of Aſia the leſſe, the habitation of the Macedones, and of ſome the laſt Citie of the Myſians.
*** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 13, page 158:His blazing eyes, like tvvo bright ſhining ſhieldes, / Did burne vvith vvrath, and ſparkled liuing fyre; / As tvvo broad Beacons, ſett in open fieldes, / Send forth their flames far of to euery ſhyre, […]

#### Usage notes

After the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, sense 1.1 (“administrative area or district jointly governed by an ealdorman and a sheriff”) was generally replaced by county, a word of French origin.

#### Derived terms

* Four Shire Stone
* knight of the shire
* Loamshire
* -shire
* shire horse
* shireman
* shiremote, shiremoot
* Shire Oak
* shire-reeve
* Shires
* shire town

#### Related terms

* sheriff

#### Descendants

* → Icelandic: skíri

#### Translations
### Verb

shire (third-person singular simple present shires, present participle shiring, simple past and past participle shired)
* (transitive) To constitute or reconstitute (a country or region) into one or more shires (noun sense 1.1) or counties.
    County Longford was shired in 1586.
** 1575 December 26 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Henry Sidney, “Sir Henry Sydney to the Lords of the Councell”, in Arthur Collins, Letters and Memorials of State, in the Reigns of Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James, King Charles the First, Part of the Reign of King Charles the Second, and Oliver’s Usurpation. […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Osborne, published 1746, →OCLC, page 83:[I]t made no Matter, if the Countrie vvere never ſhired, nor her Majesties VVritt othervviſe curraunt then it is; for humblye he kepeth all his People ſubiect to Obedience and good Order; […]
** a. 1604 (date written), Sampson Erdeswicke, edited by Simon Degge, A Survey of Staffordshire. […], London: […] E[dmund] Curll, […], published 1717, →OCLC, pages 209–211:[pages 209–210] But vvhether it vvere ſo eſtabliſhed Egbert, Alfred, or Edvvard, vvhen they had brought it to a Monarchy, and Shired it out into parts, or that they vvere appointed Earls in every County, vvhich had an Inheritance therein, and had Juriſdiction, as by the County Court and Sheriffs Turns, it vvould ſeem it vvas: Is the Queſtion I deſire to be reſolved of. […] [page 211] But thus I do conjecture it to be, That at the firſt Unitining of the Heptarchy of the Saxons, and the Shiring out of the Kingdom, it vvas divided into Shires, and the Shires again into Hundreds, as it fell out, in ſome more, in ſome leſs: […]
** 1889, Charles F. Keary, “Counties, The Irish”, in edited by Sidney J[ames Mark] Low and F. S. Pulling, The Dictionary of English History, London, Paris: Cassel & Company, […], →OCLC, page 324, column 1:The history of the shiring of Ireland is involved in more obscurity than the history of the shiring of England, though not for the same reason in the two cases. […] [T]he shiring of Ireland was purely the result of the English conquest.
** 1998, James Lydon, “The End of the Old Order”, in The Making of Ireland: From Ancient Times to the Present, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 160:In Ulster the great chieftains had become peers of the realm. The province was shired into nine counties, with sheriffs and the whole apparatus of English local government.
** 2016, Levi Roach, “Birth and Childhood: The Court of King Edgar, c. 966×9–75”, in Æthelred the Unready, New Haven, Conn., London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 26:[T]raditionally the shiring of England is thought to have been the work of Edward the Elder and Æthelstan, and the appearance of the shire reeve is placed somewhat later; but recent work suggests that developments may have been more gradual, with shiring first becoming systematic under Edgar and his successors and the shire reeve emerging as part of this process.

#### Derived terms

* unshired

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “shīre, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* 1 2 Compare “shire, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2023; “shire, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “shire, v.$^2$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.

### Further reading

* shire on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* shire (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Hersi, Hires, Hiser, Sheri, Shier, heirs, hi-res, hires, reish, shier

## Dongxiang
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sirexe, compare Mongolian ширээ (širee).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʂiˈrə/

### Noun

shire
* table
    ijieku dunxila chukuide wo, yunjiku dunxila shire jiere wo.The food is in the cupboard and the things for use are on the table.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

shire (plural shires)
* Alternative form of schire (“shire, county”)

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

shire
* Alternative form of schyre (“bright”)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

shire
* Alternative form of schiren