# inis
## Chuukese
### Noun

inis
* body

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish inis, from Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈinʲiʃ/
* (Teelin) IPA: /ˈɪn̠ʲiʃ/

#### Noun

inis f (genitive singular inse, nominative plural insí)
* island
    Synonym: oileán

##### Usage notes

Found chiefly in place names. The synonym oileán is the usual common noun for “island”.

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
inis
insí
vocative
a inis
a insí
genitive
inse
insí
dative
inis
insí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an inis
na hinsí
genitive
na hinse
na n-insí
dative
leis an inis don inis
leis na hinsí :

##### Derived terms

* Inis (“Ennis”)
* Inis Eoghain (“Inisowen”)
* Inis Meáin f (“Inishmaan; Inishmeane”)
* Inis Mór f (“Inishmore”)
* Inis Oírr f (“Inisheer”)
* Inse Ghall f pl (“the Hebrides”)
* leithinis f (“peninsula”)

#### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “inis ‘island’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 398
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “inis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “isle”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “isle”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish indisid, denominal from Old Irish indisin, indisiu, verbal noun of in·fét, from in- + Proto-Celtic *weideti, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

#### Alternative forms

* innis (superseded)
* nis (Kerry)

#### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈɪnʲɪʃ/, (Kerry) /ˈnʲɪʃ/ (corresponding to the form nis)
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ˈɪn̠ʲɪʃ/

#### Verb

inis (present analytic insíonn, future analytic inseoidh, verbal noun insint, past participle inste)
* (transitive) tell, relate
** 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:“An bhfuil sean-sgéal ar bith agat le hinnsint damh?” ar san rí."Have you any story to tell me?" says the king.

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | insím | insíonn tú; insír$^†$ | insíonn sé, sí | insímid; insíonn muid | insíonn sibh | insíonn siad; insíd$^†$ | a insíonn; a insíos / a n-insíonn*; a n-insíos* | insítear |
| indicative | past | d'inis mé; d'insíos / inis mé‡; insíos‡ | d'inis tú; d'insís / inis tú‡; insís‡ | d'inis sé, sí / inis sé, sí‡ | d'insíomar; d'inis muid / insíomar‡; inis muid‡ | d'inis sibh; d'insíobhair / inis sibh‡; insíobhair‡ | d'inis siad; d'insíodar / inis siad‡; insíodar‡ | a d'inis / ar inis* | insíodh; hinsíodh$^†$ |
| indicative | past habitual | d'insínn / insínn‡; n-insínn‡‡ | d'insíteá / insíteá‡; n-insíteá‡‡ | d'insíodh sé, sí / insíodh sé, sí‡; n-insíodh sé, sí‡‡ | d'insímis; d'insíodh muid / insímis‡; insíodh muid‡; n-insímis‡‡; n-insíodh muid‡‡ | d'insíodh sibh / insíodh sibh‡; n-insíodh sibh‡‡ | d'insídís; d'insíodh siad / insídís‡; insíodh siad‡; n-insídís‡‡; n-insíodh siad‡‡ | a d'insíodh / a n-insíodh* | d'insítí / insítí‡; n-insítí‡‡ |
| future | future | inseoidh mé; inseod; inseochaidh mé$^†$ | inseoidh tú; inseoir$^†$; inseochaidh tú$^†$ | inseoidh sé, sí; inseochaidh sé, sí$^†$ | inseoimid; inseoidh muid; inseochaimid$^†$; inseochaidh muid$^†$ | inseoidh sibh; inseochaidh sibh$^†$ | inseoidh siad; inseoid$^†$; inseochaidh siad$^†$ | a inseoidh; a inseos; a inseochaidh$^†$; a inseochas$^†$ / a n-inseoidh*; a n-inseos*; a n-inseochaidh*$^†$; a n-inseochas*$^†$ | inseofar; inseochar$^†$ |
| conditional | conditional | d’inseoinn; d’inseochainn$^†$ / inseoinn‡; inseochainn$^†$‡; n-inseoinn‡‡; n-inseochainn$^†$‡‡ | d’inseofá; d’inseochthá$^†$ / inseofá‡; inseochthá$^†$‡; n-inseofá‡‡; n-inseochthá$^†$‡‡ | d’inseodh sé, sí; d’inseochadh sé, sí$^†$ / inseodh sé, sí‡; inseochadh sé, sí$^†$‡; n-inseodh sé, sí‡‡; n-inseochadh sé, sí$^†$‡‡ | d’inseoimis; d’inseodh muid; d’inseochaimis$^†$; d’inseochadh muid$^†$ / inseoimis‡; inseodh muid‡; inseochaimis$^†$‡; inseochadh muid$^†$‡; n-inseoimis‡‡; n-inseodh muid‡‡; n-inseochaimis$^†$‡‡; n-inseochadh muid$^†$‡‡ | d’inseodh sibh; d’inseochadh sibh$^†$ / inseodh sibh‡; inseochadh sibh$^†$‡; n-inseodh sibh‡‡; n-inseochadh sibh$^†$‡‡ | d’inseoidís; d’inseodh siad; d’inseochadh siad$^†$ / inseoidís‡; inseodh siad‡; inseochadh siad$^†$‡; n-inseoidís‡‡; n-inseodh siad$^†$‡‡; n-inseochadh siad$^†$‡‡ | a d’inseodh; a d’inseochadh$^†$ / a n-inseodh*; a n-inseochadh*$^†$ | d’inseofaí; d’inseochthaí$^†$ / inseofaí‡; inseochthaí$^†$‡; n-inseofaí‡‡; n-inseochthaí$^†$‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go n-insí mé; go n-insíod$^†$ | go n-insí tú; go n-insír$^†$ | go n-insí sé, sí | go n-insímid; go n-insí muid | go n-insí sibh | go n-insí siad; go n-insíd$^†$ | — | go n-insítear |
| subjunctive | past | dá n-insínn | dá n-insíteá | dá n-insíodh sé, sí | dá n-insímis; dá n-insíodh muid | dá n-insíodh sibh | dá n-insídís; dá n-insíodh siad | — | dá n-insítí |
| imperative | imperative | insím | inis | insíodh sé, sí | insímis | insígí; insídh$^†$ | insídís | — | insítear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ | insint, inse$^†$ |
| past participle | past participle | inste | inste | inste | inste | inste | inste | inste | inste |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
in older literary language, the future and conditional are built on the stem inneos-; this survives in parts of Munster, shortened to neos-:
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| future | inneosad; neosad | inneosair; neosair | inneosaidh sé, sí; neosaidh sé, sí | inneosaimíd; neosaimíd | inneosaidh sibh; neosaidh sibh | inneosaid; neosaid | a inneosaidh; a inneosas; a neosaidh / a n-inneosaidh*; a n-inneosas*; a neosaidh* | inneosfar; neosfar |
| conditional | d'inneosainn / inneosainn‡; n-inneosainn‡‡; neosainn | d'inneosfá / inneosfá‡; n-inneosfá‡‡; neosfá | d'inneosadh sé, sí / inneosadh sé, sí‡; n-inneosadh sé, sí‡‡; neosadh sé, sí | d'inneosaimís / inneosaimís‡; n-inneosaimís‡‡; neosaimís | d'inneosadh sibh / inneosadh sibh‡; n-inneosadh sibh‡‡; neosadh sibh | d'ineosaidís / inneosaidís‡; n-inneosaidís‡‡; neosaidís | a d'inneosadh; a neosadh / a n-inneosadh*; a neosadh* | d'inneosfaí / inneosfaí‡; n-inneosfaí‡‡; neosfaí |
* Alternative present indicative: iniseann
* Alternative verbal noun: inse

#### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “innisim ‘tell’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 399
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “inis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “insím”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “inis”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 inis ‘island’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 59, page 15; reprinted 1988
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 142
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 263, page 93
* ↑ Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 142, page 53; reprinted 1979
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “indisid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “indisin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ind·fét, in·fét”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 544, page 296
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 262, page 93

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈi.niːs/, [ˈɪniːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈi.nis/, [ˈiːnis]

### Verb

inīs
* second-person singular present active indicative of ineō

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈinʲisʲ]

### Noun

inis f (genitive inse, nominative plural insi)
* island

#### Usage notes

Despite its ī-stem inflection and feminine gender, the nominative singular of inis and its descendants almost never causes the lenition of a following word.

#### Declension

Feminine ī-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | inis$^L$ | inis$^L$ | insi$^H$ |
| Vocative | inis$^L$ | inis$^L$ | insi$^H$ |
| Accusative | insi$^N$ | inis$^L$ | insi$^H$ |
| Genitive | inse$^H$ | inse$^L$ | inse$^N$ |
| Dative | insi$^L$ | insib | insib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: inis
** Irish: inis
** Manx: innis
** Scottish Gaelic: innis
*** → Scots: inch
**** → English: inch (“small island”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 inis”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈnis/ [ʔɪˈn̪is]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: i‧nis

### Noun

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* irritation; vexation; annoyance
    Synonyms: yamot, pagkayamot, suya, pagkasuya, asar, urat, buwisit, (Batangas) wasang, (Quezon) barino
* suffocation; asphyxiation
    Synonyms: pagkainis, aspiksiya

#### Derived terms

* ikainis
* inisin
* kainis
* kainisan
* mainis
* makainis
* mang-inis
* nakakainis
* pag-inis
* pagkainis
* pang-inis
* uminis

#### See also

* galit
* poot

### Adjective

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* annoyed; irritated; vexed
    Synonyms: yamot, nayayamot, suya, nasusuya, galit, nagagalit, asar, buwisit
* suffocated; asphyxiated

### Further reading

* “inis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018