# firma
## Catalan
### Verb

firma
* inflection of firmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Classical Nahuatl
### Etymology

From Spanish firma.

### Noun

fīrma
* A signature.
** 1586: testimony of Don Juan
    auh yn don diego de velasco ynic quineltilia huel ymatica quitlalia yn ifirma yhuã ytocaBut to verify it don Diego de Velasco with his very own hand places here his signature and name.-
** 1645: sale of house and land by Agustín de Santiago to Juan Gómez Monteagudo, Spaniard, and wife
    ypanpa nican nictlallia nofirmawherefore I set down here my signature
** 1720: confirmation of the status of fields belonging to Santa Elena
    ca nican tictlalia yn tofirmaHere we set down our signatures

### References

* Lockhart, James (1991) Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pages 87, 100, 104

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Italian firma (“signature of a company”).

### Noun

firma
* firm (company)
    Synonym: şirket

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɪrma]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

firma f
* firm (business)

#### Related terms

* firemní
* známá firma

#### See also

* korporace
* podnik
* společnost

### Further reading

* “firma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “firma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Italian firma.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

firma f (plural firma's, diminutive firmaatje n)
* a large-scale company, a firm

#### Synonyms

* bedrijf, zaak, handelsonderneming

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: firma

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin firmus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfirma]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -irma
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Adjective

firma (accusative singular firman, plural firmaj, accusative plural firmajn)
* firm (solid, fixed, or steadfast)

## Estonian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

firma (genitive firma, partitive firmat)
* (business) firm, company
    Synonym: ettevõte

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “firma”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “firma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “firma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* firma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Firma, from Italian firma (“signature”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfirmɑ/, [ˈfirmɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -irmɑ
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Noun

firma
* (informal) firm, company, business
    Synonyms: yhtiö, yritys
* (military slang) the Finnish Defense Forces

#### Declension

Possessive forms of firma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
firmani
firmani
accusative
nom.
firmani
firmani
gen.
firmani
genitive
firmani
firmojeni firmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
firmaani
firmojani
inessive
firmassani
firmoissani
elative
firmastani
firmoistani
illative
firmaani
firmoihini
adessive
firmallani
firmoillani
ablative
firmaltani
firmoiltani
allative
firmalleni
firmoilleni
essive
firmanani
firmoinani
translative
firmakseni
firmoikseni
abessive
firmattani
firmoittani
instructive
comitative
—firmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
firmasi
firmasi
accusative
nom.
firmasi
firmasi
gen.
firmasi
genitive
firmasi
firmojesi firmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
firmaasi
firmojasi
inessive
firmassasi
firmoissasi
elative
firmastasi
firmoistasi
illative
firmaasi
firmoihisi
adessive
firmallasi
firmoillasi
ablative
firmaltasi
firmoiltasi
allative
firmallesi
firmoillesi
essive
firmanasi
firmoinasi
translative
firmaksesi
firmoiksesi
abessive
firmattasi
firmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—firmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
firmamme
firmamme
accusative
nom.
firmamme
firmamme
gen.
firmamme
genitive
firmamme
firmojemme firmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
firmaamme
firmojamme
inessive
firmassamme
firmoissamme
elative
firmastamme
firmoistamme
illative
firmaamme
firmoihimme
adessive
firmallamme
firmoillamme
ablative
firmaltamme
firmoiltamme
allative
firmallemme
firmoillemme
essive
firmanamme
firmoinamme
translative
firmaksemme
firmoiksemme
abessive
firmattamme
firmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—firmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
firmanne
firmanne
accusative
nom.
firmanne
firmanne
gen.
firmanne
genitive
firmanne
firmojenne firmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
firmaanne
firmojanne
inessive
firmassanne
firmoissanne
elative
firmastanne
firmoistanne
illative
firmaanne
firmoihinne
adessive
firmallanne
firmoillanne
ablative
firmaltanne
firmoiltanne
allative
firmallenne
firmoillenne
essive
firmananne
firmoinanne
translative
firmaksenne
firmoiksenne
abessive
firmattanne
firmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—firmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
firmansa
firmansa
accusative
nom.
firmansa
firmansa
gen.
firmansa
genitive
firmansa
firmojensa firmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
firmaansa
firmojaan firmojansa
inessive
firmassaan firmassansa
firmoissaan firmoissansa
elative
firmastaan firmastansa
firmoistaan firmoistansa
illative
firmaansa
firmoihinsa
adessive
firmallaan firmallansa
firmoillaan firmoillansa
ablative
firmaltaan firmaltansa
firmoiltaan firmoiltansa
allative
firmalleen firmallensa
firmoilleen firmoillensa
essive
firmanaan firmanansa
firmoinaan firmoinansa
translative
firmakseen firmaksensa
firmoikseen firmoiksensa
abessive
firmattaan firmattansa
firmoittaan firmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—firmoineen firmoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* autotallifirma
* biofirma
* grynderifirma
* rakennusfirma
* reppufirma

### Further reading

* “firma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* farmi

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfiɾma/ [ˈfiɾ.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -iɾma
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese firma. Deverbal from firmar.

#### Noun

firma f (plural firmas)
* signature
    Synonym: sinatura
* firm, business
    Synonym: compañía

##### Related terms

* firmar

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “firma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “firma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “firma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “firma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “firma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

firma
* inflection of firmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese firmar-se.

### Verb

firma
* to stand

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɪrma]
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Noun

firma (plural firma-firma)
* (business) firm, general partnership.

### Further reading

* “firma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Back-formation from firmare, from Latin firmāre, from firmus; cognates include English firm (adjective). Doublet of dharma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfir.ma/
* Rhymes: -irma
* Hyphenation: fìr‧ma

#### Noun

firma f (plural firme)
* signature

##### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: фи́рма (fírma)
* → Crimean Tatar: firma
* → Czech: firma
* → Dutch: firma
** → Indonesian: firma
* → English: firm (noun)
* → Finnish: firma
* → Georgian: ფირმა (pirma)
* → German: Firma
** → Romanian: firmă
** → Turkish: firma
* → Macedonian: фирма (firma)
* → Northern Kurdish: fîrma
* → Norwegian:
** Norwegian Bokmål: firma
** Norwegian Nynorsk: firma
* → Polish: firma
* → Portuguese: firma
* → Russian: фи́рма (fírma)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Latin: fȋrma
** Cyrillic: фи̑рма
* → Swedish: firma

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

firma
* inflection of firmare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

##### Related terms

* firmatario

### Anagrams

* farmi

## Latin
### Etymology 1

There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquired this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”), or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Icelandic fjör (“life, vitality, vigour, animation”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor”).

#### Alternative forms

* ferma

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfir.ma/, [ˈfɪrmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfir.ma/, [ˈfirmä]

#### Noun

firma f (genitive firmae); first declension (Medieval Latin)
* tax, tribute
* rent
* farm

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* firma burgi

##### Descendants

* Old French: ferme
** Middle French: ferme
*** French: ferme
**** → Romanian: fermă
** → Middle English: ferme, farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English), feorme, veorme (Early Middle English) (in part)
*** English: farm
**** → Dutch: farm
**** → Finnish: farmi
**** → German: Farm
**** → Portuguese: farme, farma
**** → Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
**** → Spanish: farmear
**** → Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
*** Scots: ferm
*** → Welsh: fferm
* Occitan: ferma

#### References

* firma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) a good constitution: firma corporis constitutio or affectio

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* firma: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfir.ma/, [ˈfɪrmä]
* firma: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfir.ma/, [ˈfirmä]
* firmā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfir.maː/, [ˈfɪrmäː]
* firmā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfir.ma/, [ˈfirmä]

#### Adjective

firma
* inflection of firmus:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

#### Adjective

firmā
* ablative feminine singular of firmus

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin firmāre, via Italian firma.

### Noun

firma n (definite singular firmaet, indefinite plural firma or firmaer, definite plural firmaene)
* a company (business), a firm

#### Synonyms

* selskap

#### Derived terms

* advokatfirma
* firmabil

### References

* “firma” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “firma” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin firmāre, via Italian firma.

### Noun

firma n (definite singular firmaet, indefinite plural firma, definite plural firmaa)
* a company (business), a firm

#### Synonyms

* selskap

#### Derived terms

* advokatfirma
* firmabil

### References

* “firma” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfir.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -irma
* Syllabification: fir‧ma

### Noun

firma f
* company (in legal context, a corporation)

#### Derived terms

* firmowy

### Further reading

* firma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* firma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfiɦ.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfiɦ.mɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈfiɾ.mɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiɻ.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfiɾ.mɐ/
* Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -iɾmɐ, (most of Brazil) -iʁmɐ, (Southern Brazil) -iɻma
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Italian firma (“signature”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, fortify”).

#### Noun

firma f (plural firmas)
* company
    Synonyms: empresa, companhia
* (law) signature
    Synonyms: assinatura, rubrica

##### Related terms

* firmar
* confirmar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

firma
* inflection of firmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Noun

firma f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of firmă

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma (“signature”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, fortify”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fîːrma/
* Hyphenation: fir‧ma

### Noun

fȋrma f (Cyrillic spelling фи̑рма)
* firm, company
    Synonyms: poduzéće, preduzéće; kompànija; tvȑtka

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfiɾma/ [ˈfiɾ.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾma
* Syllabification: fir‧ma

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from firmar (“to sign”).

#### Noun

firma f (plural firmas)
* signature
* seal
* (business) company
    Synonym: empresa

##### Derived terms

* antefirma
* biofirma
* firma digital

##### Descendants

* → Bikol Central: pirma
* → Classical Nahuatl: fīrma
* → Tagalog: pirma
* → Yogad: firma
* → Zoogocho Zapotec: firm

##### See also

* autógrafo
* rúbrica

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

firma
* inflection of firmar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “firma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Italian firma.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

firma c
* a firm, a company

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | firma | firmas |
| singular | definite | firman | firmans |
| plural | indefinite | firmor | firmors |
| plural | definite | firmorna | firmornas |

#### Derived terms

* enskild firma

## Turkish
### Etymology

From German firma.

### Noun

firma (definite accusative firmayı, plural firmalar)
* firm

#### Declension
## Yogad
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish firma.

### Noun

firma
* signature