# 窒素
## Chinese
### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 窒(ちっ)素(そ) (chisso).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìsù
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄙㄨˋ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chit-sò͘ / chek-sò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìsù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhsù
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-su$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀-sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhsuh
*** Palladius: чжису (čžisu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$窒素 質素 / 质素
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citsox
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsik-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeksox
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

### Noun

窒素
* (rare, chiefly Taiwanese Hokkien) nitrogen
    From: 1926, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 酒佮健康 (Chiú kap Kiān-khong)
    Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, i ê sêng-hun sī Thàn-sò͘, Chúi-sò͘, Sng-sò͘, Chek-sò͘, i ê lō͘-ēng sī ōe hō͘ lâng ê seng-khu tit-tio̍h sè-le̍k, iā sī hō͘ sè-pau ke-thiⁿ sin--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Protein: its composition is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; it is used to give energy to the human body and to regenerate cells.
    From: 1927, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 一般科學之常識 (It-poaⁿ kho-ha̍k ê siông-sek)
    Koh-chài chi̍t khoán hòa-ha̍k chiá ōe ēng khong-tiong ê chit-sò͘ ēng tiān-khì ê chok-iōng hō͘ i pìⁿ-chòe si̍t-bu̍t ê pûi-liāu, hō͘ it-poaⁿ ê chèng-choh khah hó siu-sêng, só͘-í bōe bián-tit hō͘ lán tio̍h siūⁿ hòa-ha̍k kap lán jîn-seng si̍t-chāi ū put-khó hun-lī bi̍t-chiap ê koan-hē iā hō͘ lán thang chai Siōng-tè siúⁿ-sù sè-kan lâng, ū tì-sek thang kan-chiap chhòng-chō mi̍h thang lī-ek sè-kan. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Again, a type of chemist would use the air's nitrogen to make fertilizer for plants through electrical reaction so that ordinary farming can have better harvest. That's why it is inevitable that we think chemistry is inseparable from our lives, and it also lets use know that God gave humans knowledge to indirectly create things to benefit the world.

#### Synonyms

* 氮 (dàn)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “窒素”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 210
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “窒素”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 154

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 窒 | 素 |
| ちつ > ちっ Grade: S | そ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Compound of 窒 (chitsu, “obstruction”) +‎ 素 (so, “element”), calque of Dutch stikstof (literally “choke stuff”). Compare also German Stickstoff, Luxembourgish Stéckstoff, Danish kvælstof. Coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1834 in his book 遠西医方名物考補遺 (“窒素”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちっそ [chíꜜssò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕisːo̞]

### Noun

窒(ちっ)素(そ) • (chisso)
* nitrogen

#### Derived terms

* 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)二(に)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (issanka nichisso, “dinitrogen oxide”)
* 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (issanka chisso, “nitric monoxide”)
* 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (nisanka chisso, “nitrogen dioxide”)
* 亜(あ)酸(さん)化(か)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (asanka chisso, “nitrous oxide”)
* 液(えい)体(たい)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (eitai chisso, “liquid nitrogen”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)中(ちゅう)毒(どく) (chisso chūdoku, “nitrogen narcosis”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)代(たい)謝(しゃ) (chisso taisha, “nitrogen metabolism”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)固(こ)定(てい) (chisso kotei, “nitrogen fixation”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)固(こ)定(てい)法(ほう) (chisso kotei hō, “nitrogen fixation method”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)循(じゅん)環(かん) (chisso junkan, “nitrogen cycle”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)族(ぞく)元(げん)素(そ) (chisso zokugenso, “nitrogen group”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)肥(ひ)料(りょう) (chisso hiryō, “nitrogenous fertilizer”)
* 窒(ちっ)素(そ)酸(さん)化(か)物(ぶつ) (chisso sankabutsu, “nitrogen oxide”)
* 酸(さん)化(か)窒(ちっ)素(そ) (sanka chisso, “nitrogen oxide”)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 질소 (jilso)
* → Min Nan: 窒素 (chek-sò͘, chit-sò͘)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 窒 | 素 |

### Noun

窒素 • (jilso) (hangeul 질소)
* hanja form of 질소 (“nitrogen”)