# concurrent
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English concurrent, from Old French concurrent, from Latin concurrēns, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /kəŋˈkʌɹənt/, /kɒŋˈkʌɹənt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /kəŋˈkɝɹənt/

### Adjective

concurrent (comparative more concurrent, superlative most concurrent)
* Happening at the same time; simultaneous.
** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “III. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:concurrent echo
** 1865, John Tyndall, “On Radiation”, in Fragments of Science for Unscientific People, pages 171–2:Such are the changes which science recognizes in the wire itself, as concurrent with the visual changes taking place in the eye.
* Belonging to the same period; contemporary.
* Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contributing to the same event or effect.
** 1612, John Davies, Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued:I join with these laws the personal presence of the king's son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation.
** 1738–1741, William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II.1, or II.2), London: […] Fletcher Gyles, […], →OCLC:the concurrent testimony of antiquity
* Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar questions; operating on the same objects.
    the concurrent jurisdiction of courts
* (geometry) Meeting in one point.
* Running alongside one another on parallel courses; moving together in space.
* (computing, of code) Designed to run independently, rather than sequentially, using various mechanisms, such as threads, event loops or time-slicing.
    Antonym: sequential
** 2000, Douglas Lea, Concurrent Programming in Java, Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 19:Informally, a concurrent program is one that does more than one thing at a time. […] However, this simultaneity is sometimes an illusion.
** 2012, Rob Pike, “Concurrency is not Parallelism”, in Waza Conference, San Francisco, page 21:Different concurrent designs enable different ways to parallelize.
** 2012, Michel Raynal, Concurrent Programming, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 4:More precisely, a concurrent algorithm (or concurrent program) is the description of a set of sequential state machines that cooperate through a communication medium, e. g., a shared memory.
** 2018, Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, The Rust Programming Language, No Starch Press, →ISBN, page 342:Many languages are dogmatic about the solutions they offer for handling concurrent problems. For example, Erlang has elegant functionality for message-passing concurrency but has only obscure ways to share state between threads.

#### Coordinate terms

* leading, lagging

#### Derived terms

* autoconcurrent
* concurrent estate
* concurrent indicator
* concurrently
* concurrentness
* nonconcurrent
* unconcurrent

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

concurrent (plural concurrents)
* One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.
** 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:To all affairs of importance there are three necessary concurrents […] time, industry, and faculties.
* One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.
** 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:Menander […] had no concurrent in his time that came neere vnto him
* One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; so called because they concur with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow.
* One who accompanies a sheriff's officer as witness.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “concurrent”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French concurrent. The noun derives from French concurrent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌkɔŋ.kyˈrɛnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: con‧cur‧rent
* Rhymes: -ɛnt

### Noun

concurrent m (plural concurrenten, diminutive concurrentje n, feminine concurrente)
* a competitor, an economic rival
* (obsolete) a creditor without special priority

#### Derived terms

* conculega

#### Related terms

* concurrentie
* concurreren

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: konkurèn

### Adjective

concurrent (not comparable)
* (obsolete) concurrent, corresponding [16th–late 18th c.]

#### Declension
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin concurrentem, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ̃.ky.ʁɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

concurrent (feminine concurrente, masculine plural concurrents, feminine plural concurrentes)
* concurrent, simultaneous
* competitive, in competition

### Noun

concurrent m (plural concurrents, feminine concurrente)
* competitor (person against whom one is competing)

#### Related terms

* concurrence
* concours
* concurrentiel

### Further reading

* “concurrent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Verb

concurrent
* third-person plural future active indicative of concurrō