OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# επώδυνος
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐπώδυνος (epṓdunos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈpo.ði.nos/
* Hyphenation: ε‧πώ‧δυ‧νος

### Adjective

επώδυνος • (epódynos) m (feminine επώδυνη, neuter επώδυνο)
* painful (causing pain or distress, either physical or mental)
    Synonym: οδυνηρός (odynirós)
    Antonym: ανώδυνος (anódynos)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο επώδυνος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο επώδυνος, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* επώδυνα (epódyna, adverb)

### References

* ↑ επώδυνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# Berthold
## English
### Proper noun

Berthold
* A city in North Dakota.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛrdɦolt]

### Proper noun

Berthold m anim (female equivalent Bertholdová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Berthold”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## German
### Etymology

From Old High German berht (“bright”) + waltan (“to rule”) (from Proto-West Germanic *wald).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛʁthɔlt]
* Hyphenation: Bert‧hold

### Proper noun

Berthold m (proper noun, strong, genitive Bertholds)
* a male given name from Old High German

#### Declension

$^1$Only with an article. $^2$Colloquial.

#### Related terms

* Bert, Bertram
* Bertfried, Bertolf, Barthold

### See also

* Bertil
* Perttu
# freomenn
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfre͜oːˌmenn/, [ˈfre͜oːˌmen]

### Noun

frēomenn
* inflection of frēomann:
** nominative/accusative plural
** dative singular
# ក

| ក | U+1780, &#6016; KHMER LETTER KA |
* [unassigned: U+1774–U+177F]
| ← ᝳ [U+1773] | Khmer | ខ → [U+1781] |

## Khmer
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic and Phonemic | ក k |
| WT romanisation | kɑɑ |
| (standard) IPA | /kɑː/ |

### Etymology 1

Descended from Brahmi script 𑀓. Compare Balinese ᬓ, Bengali ক, Buginese ᨕ, Burmese က, Devanagari क, Gujarati ક, Gurmukhi ਕ, Javanese ꦏ, Kannada ಕ, Lao ກ, Malayalam ക, Odia କ, Sinhala ක, Sundanese ᮊ, Tamil க, Telugu క, Thai ก, Tibetan ཀ.

#### Letter

ក, ្ក • (kɑɑ)
* first letter of the Cambodian alphabet

##### Usage notes

* This letter belongs to the Khmer a-series consonants

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɔʔ ~ *kɔ(ɔ)k (“neck”). Cognate with Vietnamese cổ, Bahnar hơko, Mon ကံ.

#### Noun

ក • (kɑɑ)
* (anatomy) neck
* collar
* connecting link

##### Derived terms

* កដៃ (kɑɑ day, “wrist”)
* កជើង (kɑɑ cəəng, “ankle”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Khmer ក (ka/ko, “to begin to start; etc”).

#### Verb

ក • (kɑɑ) (abstract noun ការក)
* to base on
* to commence; to start up
* to come into being

##### Derived terms

* កសាង (kɑɑ saang)

#### Affixed forms

* បង្ក (bɑngkɑɑ)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* ka (Latin script)
* 𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* क (Devanagari script)
* ক (Bengali script)
* ක (Sinhalese script)
* က or ၵ (Burmese script)
* ก or กะ (Thai script)
* ᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ກ or ກະ (Lao script)
* 𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Pronoun

ក (ka)
* Khmer script form of ka
# ဟ

| ဟ | U+101F, &#4127; MYANMAR LETTER HA |
| ← သ [U+101E] | Myanmar | ဠ → [U+1020] |

## Burmese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ha̰/
* Romanization: MLCTS: ha. • ALA-LC: ha • BGN/PCGN: ha. • Okell: há
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

ဟ • (ha.)
* Ha, the 32nd letter of the Burmese alphabet.

## Mon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /haʔ/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

ဟ (ha)
* Ha, the thirty-first consonant of the Mon alphabet.

### Verb

ဟ (ha)
* particle of verbal negation. Not, not any, non.
    ဟ...အှ်ေha...ʼhenot very!
# forgieldan
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* forġildan, forġyldan — Late West Saxon
* forġeldan — Anglian

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frageldaną. Equivalent to for- +‎ ġieldan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /forˈji͜yl.dɑn/, [forˈji͜yɫ.dɑn]

### Verb

forġieldan
* to pay for
* to repay
** Laws of King Æthelberht
    Ġif frēomann cyninge stele, IX ġylde forġylde.If a freeman steals from the king, he shall pay a fine of nine [shillings].

#### Descendants

* Middle English: foryelden
** English: foryield
# tombozine
## English
### Noun

tombozine (uncountable)
* Synonym of normacusine
# lembut
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay lembut. Compare to Javanese lembut, Sundanese lembut and Tagalog lambot.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ləmˈbut/ [ləmˈbʊt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ut
* Syllabification: lem‧but

### Adjective

lêmbut
* soft
* tender

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* kelembutan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* berlembut [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* melembutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)

### Further reading

* “lembut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Etymology

From Old Javanese lĕmbut.

### Adjective

lembut
* soft

## Malay
### Etymology

Compare to Sundanese lembut and Tagalog lambot.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor, Northern Peninsular Malay) IPA: /ləmˈbot/ [ləmˈbot̪]
* (Baku) IPA: /ləmˈbut/ [ləmˈbut̪]
* Hyphenation: lem‧but

### Adjective

lembut (Jawi spelling لمبوت)
* soft; gentle

#### Derived terms

* berlembut
* kelembutan
* melembutkan

#### Descendants

* North Moluccan Malay: lombo
* Indonesian: lembut

### Further reading

* “lembut” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian imbuto, with a fused definite article.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɛmˈbuːt/

### Noun

lembut m (plural lmiebet or mbiebet)
* funnel
* spout

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Semantic loan from Indonesian lembut (“soft”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ləm.but/

### Adjective

lembut (Sundanese script ᮜᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮒ᮪)
* small; tiny
* smooth; fine
* invisible to the naked eye
* soft

#### Derived terms

* lelembutan

### Further reading

* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
* "LĔMBOET", in Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
# garrison states
## English
### Noun

garrison states
* plural of garrison state
# carriage dress
## English
### Noun

carriage dress (plural carriage dresses)
* Synonym of carriage gown
# carriage gowns
## English
### Noun

carriage gowns
* plural of carriage gown
# 馬國
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mǎguó
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$ gwok$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Mâ-koet
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mǎguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mǎguó
*** Wade–Giles: Ma$^3$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: Mǎ-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Maagwo
*** Palladius: Маго (Mago)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$ gwok$^3$
*** Yale: máh gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$ gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$ guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mâ-koet
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˊ$ gued$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^1$ gued$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴ ku̯et̚²/

### Proper noun

馬國
* (chiefly outside Malaysia and Singapore) Short for 馬來西亞／马来西亚 (Mǎláixīyà, “Malaysia”).
    From: 2014, 黃明志 [Namewee] (lyrics and music), 飆高音 [High Pitched], performed by 黃明志 [Namewee]
    yīnwèi nǐ wǒ biāo gāoyīn, jiù lián Xiānggǎng Āqí dōu wèi wǒ tànxī, jiù lián Mǎguó Xiǎoxī dōu duì wǒ Say Sorry [Pinyin]
    I'll sing high pitch for you, Even Ms. Jem from HK sighed and Ms Shila MAS apologized to me
* Short for 馬達加斯加／马达加斯加 (Mǎdájiāsījiā, “Madagascar”).

#### Synonyms

* (Malaysia):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 馬來西亞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 馬來西亞, 大馬, 馬國 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 馬來西亞, 大馬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 馬來西亞, 聯邦, 州府, 馬國, 大馬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 馬來西亞, 大馬, 馬拉, 馬國 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 馬來西亞, 馬來亞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 馬來西亞 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 馬來西亞 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 馬來西亞 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 馬來西亞 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 馬來西亞, 州府 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 馬來西亞 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 馬來西亞, 聯邦, 州府, 馬來亞 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 馬來西亞 |
# rug hooking
## English
### Noun

rug hooking (usually uncountable, plural rug hookings)
* (art, textiles) An art and a craft where a rug is made by pulling loops of yarn or fabric through a stiff woven base such as burlap, linen, or rug warp.
# ณ

| ณ | U+0E13, &#3603; THAI CHARACTER NO NEN |
| ← ฒ [U+0E12] | Thai | ด → [U+0E14] |

## Thai
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ณ ɳ | ณ ɳ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | นอ n ɒ | นอ เนน n ɒ   e n n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | nɔɔ | nɔɔ neen |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | no | no nen |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /nɔː˧/ | /nɔː˧.neːn˧/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | น น. นอ | |

#### Letter

ณ • (nɔɔ)
* nɔɔ neen (ณ เณร), the 19th consonant letter of the Thai alphabet.

##### Usage notes

* This letter belongs to the Thai low consonant class

#### See also

* น (nɔɔ nǔu) (a Thai letter with the same pronunciation of the same class)

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably a corrupted form of ใน (nai), according to some. Compare Old Khmer ណា (ṇā), នា (nā, “place, position, site, location; destination; time, moment, occasion; etc”); Modern Khmer ណា (naa), នា (niə); Old Mon na, Lao ນະ (na).

#### Alternative forms

* (archaic): ณะ (ná)

#### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ณ ɳ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | นะ n a |
| Romanization | Paiboon | ná |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | na |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /naʔ˦˥/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | นะ |

#### Preposition

ณ • (ná)
* at; in; on.
* (used as part of noble family names) of; from.

#### See also

* nobiliary particles in other languages: German "von"; French, Spanish, and Portuguese "de"
# ฤๅ
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ฤๅ ṛ ɨ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | รือ r ụ̄ ɒ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | rʉʉ |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | rue |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /rɯː˧/ |

### Etymology 1

Created to represent Sanskrit ॠ (ṝ).

#### Letter

ฤๅ • (rʉʉ)
* A letter of the Thai alphabet; it is usually regarded as a vowel.

##### Usage notes

The letter ฤๅ is not normally listed in the Thai consonants. If it is listed, it appears between ฤ (rʉ́) and archaic ฦ (lʉ́) in the alphabetical order. When spelled in words, ฤๅ can be pronounced as /rɯː/ or /riː/. Due to encoding, the letter ฤๅ consists of two glyphes, "ฤ" and "ๅ". This often makes people incorrectly use "า" (short-tailed aa) in place of "ๅ" (long-tailed aa).

### Etymology 2
#### Conjunction

ฤๅ • (rʉʉ)
* (poetry) or

#### Particle

ฤๅ • (rʉʉ)
* (poetry) used at the end of a question

#### Pronoun

ฤๅ • (rʉʉ)
* (poetry) what

#### Adverb

ฤๅ • (rʉʉ)
* (poetry) not

##### Synonyms

* (Negative particles): บ่ (bɔ̀ɔ), บ่มิ, ไม่ (mâi), ฤ (rʉ́), ห่อน (hɔ̀n)
# purperkoet
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of purper (“purple”) +‎ koet (“coot, coot-like bird”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

purperkoet m (plural purperkoeten, diminutive purperkoetje n)
* a swamphen
    Synonym: purperhoen
* (particularly) purple swamphen, sultana bird (Porphyrio porphyrio)
    Synonym: sultanshoen

#### Derived terms

* grijskoppurperkoet
* smaragdpurperkoet

### Further reading

* purperkoet on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# septum
## English
### Alternative forms

* saeptum, sæptum (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sēptum (“enclosure, wall, fence”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US, Canada) IPA: /ˈsɛp.təm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈsep.təm/
* Rhymes: -ɛptəm

### Noun

septum (plural septa or septums)
* (biology) A wall separating two cavities; a partition.
    Synonym: dissepiment
** (anatomy) Ellipsis of nasal septum: the cartilaginous center wall of the nose separating the two nostrils.
*** 2002, Springhouse, Illustrated Manual of Nursing Practice, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1158:Deviated septum, a shift from the midline that commonly occurs in normal growth, is present in most adults.
*** 2008, Neil Cicierega (lyrics and music), “Modify”, in View-Monster, performed by Lemon Demon:Sally got a dagger hung from her septum O'Malley cut his ears off, but wishes that he kept 'em
** (anatomy) Either of the two walls that separate the atria or ventricles of the heart into left and right chambers.
** (botany) A partition that separates the cells of a fruit.
** (mycology) A partition that separates the cells of a (septated) fungus.
** (zoology) One of the radial calcareous plates of a coral.
** (zoology) One of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of a mollusk, or of a rhizopod, into several chambers.
** (zoology) One of the transverse partitions dividing the body cavity of an annelid.
* (colloquial) Ellipsis of septum ring or septum piercing.
    Look, I got a new septum!

#### Hyponyms

* nasal septum
* interventricular septum
* septum pellucidum

#### Derived terms

* anteroseptum
* apicoseptum
* distoseptum
* euseptum
* inferoseptum
* interseptum
* midseptum
* posteroseptum
* pseudoseptum
* sarcoseptum
* septal
* septate
* septectomy
* septile
* septo-
* septumless
* septum piercing
* septum ring
* superoseptum

#### Translations
### References

* “septum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “septum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* spetum

## French
### Noun

septum m (plural septums)
* (biology) septum

### Further reading

* “septum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈseːp.tum/, [ˈs̠eːpt̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsep.tum/, [ˈsɛpt̪um]

### Noun

sēptum n (genitive sēptī); second declension
* Alternative form of saeptum.

#### Descendants

* → English: septum

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English septum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsebtum/ [ˈseβ̞.t̪ũm]
* Rhymes: -ebtum
* Syllabification: sep‧tum

### Noun

septum m (plural septums)
* septum (septum ring or septum piercing)

#### Usage notes

* According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
# sneeuwhaas
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of sneeuw (“snow”) +‎ haas (“hare”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsneːu̯.ɦaːs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sneeuw‧haas

### Noun

sneeuwhaas m (plural sneeuwhasen, diminutive sneeuwhaasje n)
* mountain hare (Lepus timidus)

### Further reading

* sneeuwhaas on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# žahla
## Old Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish żagiel. First attested in 1795.

### Noun

žahla f
* (sailing) sail (piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along; it may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars, and ropes)

### Further reading

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “žahla”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
# žarloch
## Old Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish żarłok.

### Noun

žarloch m pers
* big eater, glutton (one who eats voraciously)

### Further reading

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “žarloch”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
# holy water sprinkler
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *kéh₂ilos
From holy water +‎ sprinkler, probably a variant of holy-water sprinkle.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhəʊli ˌwɔːtə ˈspɹɪŋklə/, /-ˈsprɪŋkl̩ə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈhoʊli ˌwɔtəɹ ˈspɹɪŋk(ə)ləɹ/, [-ɾəɹ-], (cot–caught merger) /-ˌwɑtəɹ-/
* Hyphenation: holy wat‧er sprinkl‧er

### Noun

holy water sprinkler (plural holy water sprinklers)
* Synonym of holy-water sprinkle

### Further reading

* “holy water sprinkler, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2023.
* “holy water sprinkler, n.”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* “holy water sprinkler or holy water sprinkle, n.”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
# roodhert
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of rood +‎ hert. Perhaps influenced by other languages, such as West Frisian reahart.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːt.ɦɛrt/
* Hyphenation: rood‧hert

### Noun

roodhert n (plural roodherten)
* (dialectal, uncommon) Synonym of edelhert (“red deer (Cervus elaphus)”)
# ဒ

| ဒ | U+1012, &#4114; MYANMAR LETTER DA |
| ← ထ [U+1011] | Myanmar | ဓ → [U+1013] |

## Burmese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da̰/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

ဒ • (da.)
* Da, the 19th letter of the Burmese alphabet.

## Mon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛ̤ʔ/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

ဒ (da)
* Da, the eighteen consonant of the Mon alphabet.

### Noun

ဒ (da)
* verbal affix, affirmative.
# Nuovanno
## Italian
### Etymology

Compound of nuovo (“new”) +‎ anno (“year”), probably a nickname given to foundlings born at the beginning of the year.

### Proper noun

Nuovanno m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the nickname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# lijsterbes
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of lijster (“thrush”) +‎ bes (“berry”). Named because the berries are an important food source for thrushes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛi̯s.tərˌbɛs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lijs‧ter‧bes

### Noun

lijsterbes f (plural lijsterbessen, diminutive lijsterbesje n)
* European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
    Synonyms: gewone lijsterbes, wilde lijsterbes
* (more broadly) A rowan, mountain ash; any tree of the genus Sorbus.
* A berry of a tree of the above genus.

#### Derived terms

* gewone lijsterbes
* wilde lijsterbes

### Further reading

* lijsterbes on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# Prisciandaro
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Prisciandaro m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# Stecca
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Stecca m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# torture chamber
## English
### Noun

torture chamber (plural torture chambers)
* A room equipped for carrying out torture.
# môstok
## Old Slovak
### Noun

môstok m inan
* diminutive of most

### Further reading

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “môstok”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
# պաշտոնյա
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian պաշտօնեայ (paštōneay).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑʃtoˈnjɑ/, [pɑʃtonjɑ́]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑʃdoˈnjɑ/, [bɑʃtonjɑ́]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

պաշտոնյա • (paštonya) (traditional orthography spelling պաշտօնեայ)
* official, public officer

#### Related terms

* պաշտոն (pašton)
* պաշտոնական (paštonakan)
# hreiðr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreyt- (“to wind; twist; bend”), from *(s)ker- (“to wind; twist; bend”).

### Noun

hreiðr n (genitive hreiðrs, plural hreiðr)
* (a bird's) nest

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: hreiður
* Faroese: reiður
* Norwegian Nynorsk: reid, reir
* Norwegian Bokmål: reir
* Swedish: rede n
* Old Danish: rethæ
** Danish: rede c
*** Norwegian Bokmål: rede

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “935-38”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 935-38
# komersial
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English commercial, from French commercial (“of, or pertaining to commerce”), from Late Latin commerciālis, from Latin commercium.
* Displaced komersil, the earlier loanword from Dutch commercieel (“commercial”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [komərˈsial]
* Hyphenation: ko‧mêr‧si‧al

### Adjective

komêrsial
* commercial: of or pertaining to commerce.

#### Alternative forms

* komersil

#### Derived terms

* mengomersialkan
* pengomersialan

#### Related terms

* komersialisasi
* komersialisme

### Further reading

* “komersial” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# parchment
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English parchemyn, parchement, from Old French parchemin, via Latin pergamīna, from Ancient Greek Περγαμηνός (Pergamēnós, “of Pergamon”), which is named for the ancient city of Pergamon (modern Bergama) in Asia Minor, where it was invented as an expensive alternative for papyrus. Cognate with Danish pergament, Dutch perkament, French parchemin, German Pergament, Greek περγαμηνή (pergaminí), Italian pergamena, Norwegian pergament, Portuguese pergaminho, Galician pergameo, Romanian pergament, Russian пергамент (pergament), Spanish pergamino, and Swedish pergament.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈpʰɑɹt͡ʃmənt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: parch‧ment

### Noun

parchment (countable and uncountable, plural parchments)
* Material, made from the polished skin of a calf, sheep, goat or other animal, used like paper for writing.
    Synonyms: bookfell, membrane, vellum
** 1892, Walter Besant, chapter II, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
** 1973, “Swamp Witch”, in Jim Stafford (lyrics), Jim Stafford, performed by Jim Stafford:Never found Hattie and they never found the shack Never made the trip back in There was a parchment note they found tacked to a stump Said: Don't come lookin' again.
* A document made on such material.
* A diploma (traditionally written on parchment).
* Stiff paper imitating that material.
    Synonyms: vegetal parchment, parchment paper, wax paper
* The creamy to tanned color of parchment.
* The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.

#### Derived terms

* baking parchment
* parchmental
* parchmented
* parchmentization
* parchmentize
* parchmentless
* parchmentlike
* parchment paper
* parchment worm
* parchmenty
* unparchmented
* unparchmentized
* virgin parchment

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
# մղել
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian մղեմ (młem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /məˈʁel/, [məʁél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /məˈʁel/, [məʁél]

### Verb

մղել • (mġel)
* to push, to press, to shove
* to push away, to carry away, to take away
* (figuratively) to compel, to drive, to attract

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Derived terms

* արտամղել (artamġel)