# حلب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from the root ح ل ب (ḥ l b), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.lab/

#### Proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) f
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

##### Derived terms

* حَلَبِيّ (ḥalabiyy)

##### Descendants

* → Avar: Хӏалаб (Ḥʳalab)
* → Azerbaijani: Hələb
* → Bengali: হলব (holob)
* → Chagatai: حلب
** Uyghur: ھەلەب (heleb)
** Uzbek: Halab
* → Central Kurdish: حەلەب (ḧeleb)
* → Chechen: Хьалаб (Ḥʳalab)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: हलब (halab)
** Urdu: حَلَب (halab)
* → Northern Kurdish: Heleb
* → Ottoman Turkish: حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep)
** Turkish: Halep
** → Albanian: Halepi
** → Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)
** → Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)
** → French: Alep
*** → Italian: Aleppo
**** → Danish: Aleppo
**** → Dutch: Aleppo
**** → English: Aleppo
**** → Finnish: Aleppo
**** → German: Aleppo
**** → Norwegian: Aleppo
**** → Polish: Aleppo
**** → Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
**** → Swedish: Aleppo
**** → Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
* → Pashto: حلب (haláb)
* → Persian: حلب (halab)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਬ (halab)
** Shahmukhi script: حَلَب (ḥalab)
* → Sindhi: حلب
* → Turkmen: Halap

### Etymology 2

* Root
* ح ل ب (ḥ l b)
* 5 terms
Cognate with Hebrew חלב (khaláv).

#### Verb

حَلَبَ • (ḥalaba) I (non-past يَحْلُبُ (yaḥlubu) or يَحْلِبُ (yaḥlibu), verbal noun حَلْب (ḥalb) or حِلَاب (ḥilāb))
* to milk
* (rare) to yield milk
* (rare) to grant milking, to assign an animal to milk

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَلِبَ • (ḥaliba) I (non-past يَحْلَبُ (yaḥlabu), verbal noun حَلَب (ḥalab))
* to be black

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

حَلْب • (ḥalb) m
* verbal noun of حَلَبَ (ḥalaba) (form I)

##### Declension
#### Noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) m
* verbal noun of حَلِبَ (ḥaliba) (form I)
* fresh milk

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Related to the milk-giving qualities of these plants, compare the Spanish name of the spurge lechetrezna; but possibly from Classical Syriac, ܚܰܠܒ݂ܳܐ (ḥalbā, “milk”), construct state ܚܠܷܒ (ḥăleḇ), also meaning “spurge” in compounds.

#### Alternative forms

* حِلِبْلَاب (ḥiliblāb), حِلْبَاب (ḥilbāb), حُلَّاب (ḥullāb)

#### Noun

حُلَّب • (ḥullab) m
* Flueggea tinctoria; Euphorbia aegyptiaca and Euphorbia granulata
    Synonym: عَوْسَج صَغِير (ʕawsaj ṣaḡīr)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 3, Art. 1, page 139:
    (Can we find and add a quotation of كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Ibn Wāfid to this entry?)
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Ibn Baṣṣāl to this entry?)

##### Declension
### Etymology 4
#### Noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) m (collective, singulative حَلَبِيّ m (ḥalabiyy))
* Ḥalab, one of the tribes of Doms in Egypt

##### Declension
## Azerbaijani
### Proper noun

حلب
* Arabic spelling of Hələb

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Proper noun

حَلَب • (Haleb, vulg. Halep)
* Aleppo (a city in Syria)
    Synonym: حلب الشهبا (Halebü'ş-Şehbâ, “Aleppo the Grey”)

#### Related terms

* حلبی (Halebî, “Aleppine”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Halep
* → Albanian: Halepi
* → Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)
* → Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)
* → French: Alep
** → Italian: Aleppo
*** → Danish: Aleppo
*** → Dutch: Aleppo
*** → English: Aleppo
*** → Finnish: Aleppo
*** → German: Aleppo
*** → Norwegian: Aleppo
*** → Polish: Aleppo
*** → Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
*** → Swedish: Aleppo
*** → Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حلب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 800

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Proper noun

حَلَب • (haláb)
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ha.ˈlaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.lǽb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.lǽb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.lǽb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.lǽb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæ.lǽb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hä.lǽb]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

#### Proper noun

| Dari | حلب |
| Iranian Persian | حلب |
| Tajik | Ҳалаб |
حلب • (halab)
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 111:هست در دیده‌ام خیال لبت همچو شکر بشیشه‌های حلبhast dar dīda'am xayāl-i labat hamčū šikar ba-šīša-hā-yi halabFantasies of your lips are in my eyes, Like sugar in Aleppo glass.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

##### Derived terms

* حلبی (halabi, “Aleppine”)

### Etymology 2

Back-formation from حلبی (halabi), from the city name of Aleppo.

#### Noun

حلب • (halab)
* tin (container)
* tin plate

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حلب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਹਲਬ)
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Proper noun

حلب • (transliteration needed) ?
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Proper noun

حلب • (ḥalab) m
* Aleppo (a city in Syria)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɦə.ləb/
* Rhymes: -əb

### Proper noun

حَلَب • (halab) m (Hindi spelling हलब)
* Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
* Aleppo (a governorate of Syria).

#### Related terms

* حَلَبِی (ḥalabī, “Aleppine”)

### Further reading

* “حلب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.