# 遣

| 遣 | U+9063, &#36963; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9063 |
| ← 遢 [U+9062] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 遤 → [U+9064] |

## Translingual
### Han character

遣 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜中一口 (YLMR), four-corner 3530$_7$, composition ⿺辶⿱𠀐㠯)

#### Derived characters

* 儙, 𱕊, 𡒌, 𭢵, 繾, 缱, 譴, 谴, 𨇀, 鑓, 䪈, 䭤, 𫑍, 𬩠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1263, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39052
* Dae Jaweon: page 1758, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3871, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9063

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 遣
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 遣 | *kʰenʔ, *kʰens |
| 繾 | *kʰenʔ, *kʰens |
| 譴 | *kʰens |
Originally 𠳋, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) in the oracle bone script: two 又 (“hand”) in a configuration of commanding + 𠂤 (“army”) – “to send; to dispatch”.
The 辵 component was later added in some bronze inscriptions, which is retained in the modern glyph.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiǎn (qian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khién / khián
* Eastern Min (BUC): kiēng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khián / khiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang$^2$ / kiêng$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$chi / $^5$chie / $^3$chien
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^2$
*** Yale: hín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
*** Hakka Romanization System: kian$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kiēng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰieŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
*** Tâi-lô: khián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
*** Tâi-lô: khiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiang$^2$ / kiêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiáng / khiéng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiaŋ⁵²/, /kʰieŋ⁵²/
* kiang2 - Shantou;
* kiêng2 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: khjienX
Rime :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去演切 |
| Baxter | khjienX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰenʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjien$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ/ |
| English | send |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10264 |
| Phonetic component | 遣 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遣 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰenʔ/ |

#### Definitions

遣
* to send; to dispatch
* to exile

#### Compounds

* 先遣作戰 / 先遣作战
* 先遣部隊 / 先遣部队
* 先遣隊 / 先遣队
* 問遣 / 问遣
* 差遣 (chāiqiǎn)
* 情恕理遣
* 拘神遣將 / 拘神遣将
* 排遣 (páiqiǎn)
* 支遣
* 斷遣 / 断遣
* 津遣
* 派遣 (pàiqiǎn)
* 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
* 特遣 (tèqiǎn)
* 發言遣辭 / 发言遣辞
* 發遣 / 发遣 (fāqiǎn)
* 編遣 / 编遣 (biānqiǎn)
* 自遣
* 行遣
* 調兵遣將 / 调兵遣将 (diàobīngqiǎnjiàng)
* 調遣 / 调遣 (diàoqiǎn)
* 資遣 / 资遣 (zīqiǎn)
* 資遣費 / 资遣费 (zīqiǎnfèi)
* 逼遣
* 過遣 / 过遣
* 遣人 (qiǎnrén)
* 遣兵 (qiǎnbīng)
* 遣兵調將 / 遣兵调将
* 遣刑
* 遣唐使 (qiǎntángshǐ)
* 遣回
* 遣將 / 遣将
* 遣將調兵 / 遣将调兵
* 遣悶 / 遣闷 (qiǎnmèn)
* 遣懷 / 遣怀
* 遣戍
* 遣撥 / 遣拨
* 遣散
* 遣散費 / 遣散费
* 遣施
* 遣時 / 遣时
* 遣派
* 遣發 / 遣发
* 遣興 / 遣兴
* 遣興陶情 / 遣兴陶情
* 遣詞立意 / 遣词立意
* 遣車 / 遣车
* 遣辭 / 遣辞
* 遣辭措意 / 遣辞措意
* 遣辭用句 / 遣辞用句
* 遣返 (qiǎnfǎn)
* 遣送 (qiǎnsòng)
* 驅遣 / 驱遣 (qūqiǎn)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiàn (qian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^4$
*** Yale: chyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: khjienH
Rime :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去戰切 |
| Baxter | khjienH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰens/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjien$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ-s/ (*kʰ- doesn"t palatalize) |
| English | grave goods |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 遣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10267 |
| Phonetic component | 遣 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 譴 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰens/ |

#### Definitions

遣
* (historical) grave goods; sacrificial objects buried with the dead
* (historical) ritual ceremony during a funeral

#### Compounds

* 遣奠
* 遣策

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 遣 |
| Kyūjitai | 遣󠄁 遣+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 遣󠄃 遣+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to send; to dispatch
* to do

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: つかわす (tsukawasu, 遣わす, Jōyō)、つかう (tsukau, 遣う, Jōyō)、やる (yaru, 遣る)、つかい (tsukai, 遣い)、よこす (yokosu, 遣す)

### References

* ↑ “遣”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

遣 (eumhun 보낼 견 (bonael gyeon))
* hanja form of 견 (“send, dispatch”)

## Middle Korean
### Suffix

遣 (-kwo)
* idu form of 고 (“and”)
** 1395, 高士褧 (Go Sa-gyeong), 金祗 (Kim Ji), 大明律直解 (Daemyeongnyul Jikhae) [Correct Translation of the Great Ming Code]:本國乙背叛爲遣PWON.KWUK-ul POY.PAN-ho-kwoBetray his native country, and

## Old Korean
### Suffix

遣 (*-kwo)
* verbal connective suffix, largely equivalent to English "and; and then"
** c. 750, 月明師 (Wolmyeongsa), “祭亡妹歌 (Jemangmae-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:生死路隱此矣有阿米次肹伊遣吾隱去內如辭叱都毛如云遣去內尼叱古As life and death's paths are present here, my way is blocked [or "I am in fear" or "I hesitate"]. And you have not finished saying the words "I depart", and you are [still] departing?

#### Reconstruction notes

Generally reconstructed as *-kwo, because the Old Korean suffix corresponds exactly to the Middle (and Modern) Korean verbal suffix 고 (go) and because fifteenth-century idu texts use 遣 to transcribe what by this point is clearly Middle Korean 고 (Yale: kwo). However, it is difficult to explain what sound shifts could have produced Middle Korean [ko] out of an Old Korean morpheme whose phonetic value was presumably similar to Old Chinese 遣 (OC *kʰenʔ, *kʰens), Middle Chinese 遣 (MC khjienX|khjienH).

#### Descendants

* Middle Korean: 고 (kwo, verbal connective suffix)
** Korean: 고 (go, verbal connective suffix)

### References

* 김지오 [gimjio] (2019) “고대국어 연결 어미의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeol eomiui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and research tasks for Old Korean connective suffixes]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, →DOI, pages 55–87

## Vietnamese
### Han character

遣: Hán Nôm readings: khiển, khiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.