OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# taxation
## English

Wikiquote

### Etymology

From Middle English taxacioun, from Anglo-Norman taxacion, from Latin taxātio (“rating, appraisal”). By surface analysis, tax +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: tăk-sā'shən, IPA: /tækˈseɪ.ʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

taxation (countable and uncountable, plural taxations)
* The act of imposing taxes and the fact of being taxed.
** 2012 May 29, John Elkington, “Common threads in the Breakthrough Booklist”, in the Guardian‎:Some of this will be down to breakthrough science and technology, breakthrough business models and breakthroughs in behaviour change, but we also need an intensifying focus on public policy, in areas like accounting, reporting and taxation, the last spotlighted by Shaxson.
* A particular system of taxing people or companies
* The revenue gained from taxes
    (This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!)

#### Derived terms

* antitaxation
* detaxation
* double taxation
* ecotaxation
* e-taxation
* hypertaxation
* maltaxation
* nontaxation
* overtaxation
* pretaxation
* retaxation
* taxational

#### Translations
### See also

* render unto Caesar

### Further reading

* taxation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French taxacion, borrowed from Latin taxātiōnem. By surface analysis, taxer +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tak.sa.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

taxation f (plural taxations)
* taxation
    Synonym: imposition

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: taxație

### Further reading

* “taxation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle English
### Noun

taxation
* Alternative form of taxacioun
# evangélikus
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin evangelicus. With -ikus ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛvɒŋɡeːlikuʃ]
* Hyphenation: evan‧gé‧li‧kus
* Rhymes: -uʃ

### Adjective

evangélikus (not comparable)
* Lutheran
    Synonym: lutheránus

#### Derived terms

* evangélikusan
* evangélikusság

### Noun

evangélikus (plural evangélikusok)
* Lutheran
    Synonym: lutheránus

#### Declension
### Related terms

* evangélista
* evangélium
* evangelizál, evangelizáció, evangelizátor

### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian words ending in -ikus

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* evangélikus in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* evangélikus in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# palayaw
## Ilocano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog palayaw.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈlajaw/ [pɐˈla.jaʊ̯]
* Hyphenation: pa‧la‧yaw

### Noun

palayaw
* nickname
    Synonyms: birngas, alias

## Pangasinan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog palayaw.

### Noun

palayaw
* nickname

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pa- +‎ layaw.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paˈlajaw/ [pɐˈlaː.jaʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -ajaw
* Syllabification: pa‧la‧yaw

### Noun

palayaw (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜌᜏ᜔)
* nickname
    Synonym: alyas

#### Derived terms

* ipalayaw
* magpalayaw
* palayawan

#### Descendants

* → Ilocano: palayaw
* → Pangasinan: palayaw

### Further reading

* “palayaw”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# מחל
## Hebrew

* Root
* מ־ח־ל (m-kh-l)
* 2 terms

### Verb

מָחַל • (makhál) (pa'al construction)
* to forgive

#### Conjugation

or
# stelsel
## Dutch
### Etymology

From stellen +‎ -sel. It has been suggested that the word is a calque of Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma), but this is uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stelsel n (plural stelsels, diminutive stelseltje n)
* system (collection of organized items)
    Kunt u mij uitleggen wat het lymfatisch stelsel is?Can you explain to me what the lymphatic system is?
* (mathematics) system (a set of equations)
    Het lineaire stelsel van vergelijkingen kan worden opgelost met behulp van matrixrekenen.The linear system of equations can be solved using matrix calculations.

#### Synonyms

* systeem

#### Derived terms

* bloedvatenstelsel
* cultuurstelsel
* leenstelsel
* luchtwegstelsel
* melkwegstelsel
* planetenstelsel
* rechtsstelsel
* stelselmatig
* sterrenstelsel
* zenuwstelsel
* zonnestelsel

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: stelsel

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch stelsel (“system”).

### Noun

stelsel (plural stelsel-stelsel)
* (law) system
# psychika
## Czech
### Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpsɪxɪka]
* Hyphenation: psy‧chi‧ka

### Noun

psychika f
* psyche

#### Related terms

* See psycho-
* psychický
* psychologický

### Further reading

* “psychika”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “psychika”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “psychika”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psukhikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (prescriptive) /ˈpsɘ.xi.ka/, (colloquial) /psɘˈxi.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘxika, -ika
* Syllabification: psy‧chi‧ka

### Noun

psychika f
* (psychology) psyche (human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual)

#### Derived terms

* psychiczny
* psycha

#### Related terms

* psychicznie

### Further reading

* psychika in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* psychika in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* psychika in PWN's encyclopedia
# կախել
## Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian կախեմ (kaxem).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kɑˈχel/, [kɑχél]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡɑˈχel/, [ɡɑχél]
* Hyphenation: կա‧խել

### Verb

կախել • (kaxel)
* (transitive) to hang

#### Inflection

*colloquial **dated
*colloquial **dated

#### Derived terms

* կախասունկ (kaxasunk)
* կախիչ (kaxičʻ)

## Old Armenian
### Verb

կախել • (kaxel)
* infinitive of կախեմ (kaxem)
# tlời
## Muong
### Alternative forms

* plơi, blơi, tlơi, clơi, lơi, lời

### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *b-ləːj. Cognate with Vietnamese trời, giời.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tləːj²/

### Noun

tlời
* (Mường Bi) sky

#### Derived terms

* măt tlời

#### References

* Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎, Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội
# hipno
## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /hipˈno/ [hɪpˈn̪o]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: hip‧no

#### Noun

hipnó (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜓ)
* faithful copy of an original (book, manuscript, etc.)
* translation
    Synonym: salin
* edition
    Synonym: edisyon

##### Derived terms

* hipnuan
* ipahipno
* mahipno

##### See also

* duplikado
* kopya
* sipi

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /hipˈnoʔ/ [hɪpˈn̪oʔ]
* Rhymes: -oʔ
* Syllabification: hip‧no

#### Noun

hipnô (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜓ)
* petition for refuge or protection

### Anagrams

* hipon
# adaptáció
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin adaptatio, from adaptō. With -áció ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒdɒptaːt͡sijoː]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: adap‧tá‧ció
* Rhymes: -joː

### Noun

adaptáció (countable and uncountable, plural adaptációk)
* (uncountable) adaptation (process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation)
    Synonym: alkalmazkodás
** (evolutionary theory) adaptation (process of change that an organism undergoes to be better suited to its environment)
* (uncountable) adaptation (process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium)
    Synonym: feldolgozás
** (countable) adaptation (artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium)
    Synonym: feldolgozás

#### Related terms

* adaptál

### See also

* adoptáció, adoptál

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* adaptáció in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# ממשל
## Hebrew

* Root
* מ־שׁ־ל (m-sh-l)
* 6 terms

### Noun

מִמְשָׁל • (mimshál) m (plural indefinite מִמְשָׁלִים, plural construct מִמְשְׁלֵי־)
* administration, government

#### Declension

| Number | Isolated forms | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns | With possessive pronouns |
| Number | State | Form | Person | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Number | State | Form | Person | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| singular | indefinite | מִמְשָׁל | first | מִמְשָׁלִי | מִמְשָׁלִי | מִמְשָׁלֵנוּ | מִמְשָׁלֵנוּ |
| singular | definite | הַמִּמְשָׁל | second | מִמְשָׁלְךָ | מִמְשָׁלֵךְ | מִמְשַׁלְכֶם | מִמְשַׁלְכֶן |
| singular | construct | מִמְשַׁל־ | third | מִמְשָׁלוֹ | מִמְשָׁלָהּ | מִמְשָׁלָם | מִמְשָׁלָן |
| plural | indefinite | מִמְשָׁלִים | first | ממשליי / מִמְשָׁלַי | ממשליי / מִמְשָׁלַי | מִמְשָׁלֵינוּ | מִמְשָׁלֵינוּ |
| plural | definite | הַמִּמְשָׁלִים | second | מִמְשָׁלֶיךָ | ממשלייך / מִמְשָׁלַיִךְ | מִמְשְׁלֵיכֶם | מִמְשְׁלֵיכֶן |
| plural | construct | מִמְשְׁלֵי־ | third | מִמְשָׁלָיו | מִמְשָׁלֶיהָ | מִמְשְׁלֵיהֶם | מִמְשְׁלֵיהֶן |

#### Derived terms

* מִמְשָׁל צְבָאִי

### References

* “ממשל” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* ממשל on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# leeuw
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /leːu̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: leeuw
* Rhymes: -eːu̯

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch leeuwe, from Old Dutch lewo, from Latin leō, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).

#### Noun

leeuw m (plural leeuwen, diminutive leeuwtje n, feminine leeuwin)
* lion
* (heraldry) lion
    Nederlandse leeuw ― Dutch lion
    Vlaamse leeuw ― Flemish lion

##### Derived terms

* bergleeuw
* holenleeuw
* leeuwenbek
* leeuwendeel
* leeuwenjager
* leeuwenjong
* leeuwenklauw
* leeuwenkooi
* leeuwenkuil
* leeuwenmanen
* leeuwenmoed
* leeuwenwelp
* leeuwin
* sneeuwleeuw
* zeeleeuw

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: leeu
* Negerhollands: leeuw
* → Papiamentu: leeuw (dated)
* → Sranan Tongo: lew

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch leeuwe, from Old Dutch leo.

#### Noun

leeuw n (plural leeuwen, diminutive leeuwtje n)
* (obsolete, in toponyms only) burial mound
    Synonym: grafheuvel

##### Related terms

* Denderleeuw, Gors-Opleeuw, Leeuw, Leeuwen, Leeuwte, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Zoutleeuw
* leeuwte
# mammary
## English
### Etymology

From French mammaire, from Latin mamma (“breast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmæməɹi/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

mammary (not comparable)
* (biology) Of or relating to mamma or breast (of a woman or a female animal).
    mammary arteries and veins
** 2015 August 29, “Different Blood Cell-Derived Transcriptome Signatures in Cows Exposed to Vaccination Pre- or Postpartum”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:It has been reported that periparturient cows undergo a period of immunosuppression of various immunological parameters associated with a high susceptibility to uterine and mammary infections […]

#### Derived terms

* limb-mammary syndrome
* mammary Paget's disease

#### Translations
### Noun

mammary (plural mammaries)
* A mamma (milk-secreting organ of a woman or a female animal).

#### Related terms

* mamma
* mammal
* mammary crest
* mammary gland
* mammary ridge
# katkat
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* kalatkat

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Cebuano) IPA: /ˈkatkat/ [ˈkat̪.kɐt̪]
* Hyphenation: kat‧kat

### Verb

katkat (Badlit spelling ᜃᜆ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔)
* to climb
    Synonym: saka
* to creep up the walls (of a flame)
* to ascend
    Synonym: kayab

### Noun

katkat (Badlit spelling ᜃᜆ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔)
* (informal) social climber

#### Derived terms

* ikatkat
* katkatan
* katkaton
* manatkat
* mokatkat

## Finnish
### Noun

katkat
* nominative plural of katka
# hĕmban
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Affixed ĕban (“box, case, casket”) +‎ -um-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(h)əm.ban/
* Rhymes: -ban
* Hyphenation: hem‧ban

### Noun

hĕmban
* that which carries or encloses
* assistant
* guardian

#### Alternative forms

* ĕmban

#### Derived terms

* ahĕmbanan
* aṅhĕmban
* hinĕmban
* hinĕmbanakĕn
* hinĕmbanan
* humĕmbanakĕn
* hĕmbanan
* inĕmban?
* kahĕmban
* mahĕmban
* makahĕmbanan
* paṅhĕmban

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ (emban)
** → Indonesian: emban (semantic loan)

### Further reading

* "hĕmban" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# wittenskip
## West Frisian
### Etymology

From witten +‎ -skip.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɪtn̩skɪp/

### Noun

wittenskip c (plural wittenskippen)
* knowledge, science, scholarship (collective discipline of learning acquired through any scholarly method; totality of knowledge)
* any academic discipline; in general, the sciences and humanities taken as a whole

#### Usage notes

Wittenskip has a much broader meaning than the English word science. The English word science refers to systematically acquired, objective knowledge obtained through a particular methodology (such as the scientific method), and includes only natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. In contrast, wittenskip also includes the humanities and philosophy and refers to learning and knowledge in general, whether obtained through scientific or non-scientific means. For example, writing a scholarly book about an author's life and works is wittenskip but not "science".

#### Derived terms

* foarwittenskip (“foreknowledge”)
* geasteswittenskip (“humanities”)
* godstsjinstwittenskip (“religious science”)
* helpwittenskip (“auxiliary science”)
* literatuerwittenskip (“literary science”)
* minskwittenskip (“human science”)
* natuerwittenskip (“natural science”)
* rjochtswittenskip (“legal science”)
* sosjale wittenskip (“social science”)
* taalwittenskip (“linguistics”)
* wittenskiplik (“scientific”)

#### Further reading

* “wittenskip”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
# hubad
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hubád.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /huˈbad/ [huˈbad̪]
* IPA: /ʔuˈbad/ [ʔuˈbad̪] (h-dropping)
* Hyphenation: hu‧bad

### Adjective

hubád (plural hurubad, Basahan spelling ᜑᜓᜊᜇ᜔)
* untied; undone (on a knot)

#### Derived terms

* hubadon
* maghubad

#### See also

* bakad
* huba

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hubád.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: hu‧bad
* IPA: /huˈbad/ [hʊˈbad̪]

### Noun

hubad
* the conversion of text from one language to another; a translation

### Verb

hubad
* to translate
* to unchain; to untie; to unknot

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* hobar — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
* hubar — dialectal, Batangas, Rizal, informal

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hubád. Compare Bikol Central huba.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /huˈbad/ [hʊˈbad̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ad
* Syllabification: hu‧bad

### Adjective

hubád (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜊᜇ᜔)
* naked; nude
    Synonyms: hubo't hubad, lastag, lasog
* (strictly) naked from the waist up
* (figurative) devoid of; completely without
* naked (glib, without decoration, put bluntly)
    hubad na katotohanan ― naked truth

#### Derived terms

* hubad sa katotohanan
* hubadera
* hubaran
* hubarin
* hubo't hubad
* maghubad
* maghubo't hubad
* paghuhubo't hubad
* pagkahubo't hubad

#### See also

* hubo

### Noun

hubád (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜊᜇ᜔)
* undressing (of a person)
    Synonym: paghuhubad
* nakedness (especially from the waist up)

### Further reading

* “hubad”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# פחת
## Hebrew

* Root
* פ־ח־ת (p-kh-t)
* 5 terms

### Verb

פָּחַת • (pakhát) (pa'al construction)
* to decrease, to depreciate

#### Conjugation
### References

* “פחת” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# dư luận
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 輿論. First attested in Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by Ho Chi Minh.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zɨ˧˧ lwən˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [jɨ˧˧ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jɨ˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

### Noun

dư luận
* public opinion
    gây xôn xao dư luậnto stir public opinion

#### Derived terms

* dư luận viên (輿論員)
# sensitivitas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, affixed sensitif +‎ -itas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛnsitiˈvitas/
* Rhymes: -tas, -as, -s
* Hyphenation: sèn‧si‧ti‧vi‧tas

### Noun

sènsitivitas (plural sensitivitas-sensitivitas)
* sensitivity:
** sensitiveness: the quality or state of being sensitive.
    Synonym: kepekaan

#### Alternative forms

* sensifitas
* sensitifitas
* sensitiviti (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* sensitivitas makanan

### Further reading

* “sensitivitas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mussol
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [muˈsɔl]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *noctuolus, diminutive of noctua (“owl”).

#### Noun

mussol m (plural mussols)
* an owl, especially the little owl (Athene noctua)

##### Derived terms

* mussol banyut
* mussol comú
* mussol emigrant
* mussol gros
* mussol pirinenc
* mussolet

### Etymology 2

Possibly an alteration of urçol.

#### Noun

mussol m (plural mussols)
* stye (eye infection)
    Synonyms: urçol, ordèol

### Further reading

* “mussol” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
# seicheamh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish seichem (“following”), verbal noun of seichithir (“follows”).

### Noun

seicheamh m (genitive singular seichimh, nominative plural seichimh)
* (act of) following, taking after, imitating
* sequence
* (mathematics) sequence, progression

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
seicheamh
seichimh
vocative
a sheichimh
a sheicheamha
genitive
seichimh
seicheamh
dative
seicheamh
seichimh
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an seicheamh
na seichimh
genitive
an tseichimh
na seicheamh
dative
leis an seicheamh don seicheamh
leis na seichimh :

#### Derived terms

* fosheicheamh
* príomhsheicheamh
* seicheamh comhbhreise, seicheamh uimhríochtúil
* seicheamh iolraíoch

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “seicheamh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sechem”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “seicheamh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “seicheamh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# tingga
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timəʀaq.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ting‧ga
* IPA: /tiŋˈɡaʔ/ [tiŋˈɡaʔ]

### Noun

tinggâ
* lead (metal)

## Sambali
### Noun

tinggâ
* lead (metal)

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* tinga — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tiŋˈɡaʔ/ [t̪ɪŋˈɡaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: ting‧ga

### Etymology 1

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timəʀaq. Compare Bikol Central tingga, Malay timah (“tin”), Maranao timbega', Sambali tingga, Waray-Waray tingga, Iban timah, and Malay timah. Also possibly from Sanskrit तीर (tīra) or तीव्र (tīvra, “tin”).

#### Noun

tinggâ (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄ)
* (chemistry, metal) lead
    Synonyms: barha, plomo, (obsolete) tinggahitam, (obsolete) hitam
* (colloquial) soft solder
    Synonym: estanyo
* (colloquial) bullets
    Synonyms: bala, punglo

##### Related terms

* tinggahitam
* tinggaputi

### Etymology 2

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiŋgaʔ. Compare Kapampangan tingga and Iban tingga.

#### Noun

tinggâ (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄ)
* (obsolete) earring
    Synonyms: hikaw, aretes

##### Derived terms

* itingga
* magtingga
* tinggaan
* tinggain

### Further reading

* “tingga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* tanggi, tigang, gitang

## Waray-Waray
### Noun

tinggâ
* lead (metal)
# עמל
## Hebrew

* Root
* ע־מ־ל (ʿ-m-l)
* 4 terms

### Etymology

Compare Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila, “to work”).

### Verb

עָמַל • (amál) (pa'al construction, future יעמול / יַעֲמֹל)
* to work
* to labour
# sultana
## English
### Etymology

1580s, Italian sultana (feminine of sultano). Displaced existing sultaness.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌsʌlˈtɑː.nə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌsʌlˈtæn.ə/, /ˌsʌlˈtɑ.nə/
* Rhymes: -ɑːnə

### Noun

sultana (plural sultanas)
* A pale yellow raisin made from a seedless grape.
    Synonym: (American English) golden raisin
* A wife or mistress of a sultan.
    Synonym: sultaness
* A female ruler of a sultanate.
    Synonym: sultaness
* A type of viol, a cither viol.
* An old form of necklace.

#### Derived terms

* sultana bird

#### See also

* odalisque

### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “sultana”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* alaunts, anlauts

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sulˈta.na/
* Rhymes: -ana
* Hyphenation: sul‧tà‧na

### Noun

sultana f (plural sultane, masculine sultano)
* sultan (female relative of sultan)

### Anagrams

* salunta

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sulˈtaːna/

### Noun

sultana f
* female equivalent of sultan; a queen; a female monarch or ruler, or the wife of a male one
    Synonym: reġina
** 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Għanja ta’ Żgħożiti”, in Mill-Gallerija ta’ Żgħożiti:Il-Għanja ta’ Żgħożiti - bil-ferħ insiġtha jien, - hi għanja lis-Sbuħija Sultana tal-ħolqien.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* The word is rare for the queens of modern internationally recognised states, but is otherwise still used in a broader or historical sense.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /suwˈtɐ̃.nɐ/ [suʊ̯ˈtɐ̃.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /suwˈtɐ̃.nɐ/ [suʊ̯ˈtɐ̃.nɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /suwˈtɐ.na/ [suʊ̯ˈtɐ.na]
* (Portugal) IPA: /sulˈtɐ.nɐ/ [suɫˈtɐ.nɐ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /sulˈtɐ.nɐ/ [suɫˈtɐ.nɐ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /sulˈta.nɐ/ [suɫˈta.nɐ]
* Hyphenation: sul‧ta‧na

### Noun

sultana f (plural sultanas)
* sultana (wife of a sultan)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sulˈtana/ [sul̪ˈt̪a.na]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: sul‧ta‧na

### Noun

sultana f (plural sultanas, masculine sultán, masculine plural sultanes)
* sultana

### Further reading

* “sultana”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sultana.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sulˈtana/ [sʊlˈt̪aː.n̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: sul‧ta‧na

### Noun

sultana (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜈ)
* sultana (mother, wife, or daughter of the sultan)
* sultana (a pale yellow raisin made from a seedless grape)

#### Related terms

* sultan
* sultanato
* sultaniya

#### See also

* datu
* dayang
* Gat
* hari
* ladya
* lakan
* Panginoon
* poon
* raha
* reyna

### Further reading

* “sultana”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* sulatan