# musculus
## English
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mūsculus (“a little mouse; a muscle”), diminutive of mūs (“a mouse”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmʌ.skjʊl.əs/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmʌ.skjəl.əs/
* Homophone: musculous
* Rhymes: -ʌskjʊləs

### Noun

musculus (plural musculi)
* (anatomy) A muscle. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Derived terms

* musculus papillaris

#### Related terms

* muscular
* musculous

### References

* “musculus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “musculus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Latin
### Etymology

From mūs (“a mouse”) +‎ -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmuːs.ku.lus/, [ˈmuːs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmus.ku.lus/, [ˈmuskulus]

### Noun

mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension
* (literally) diminutive of mūs: a small mouse
* (transferred sense)
** a companion of the whale
** a saltwater mussel
** (anatomy) a muscle
** (military) a shed, mantelet, shielding
** A kind of small sailing vessel.
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* *muscelliō (< *muscellus)
** Galician: mexillón
** Portuguese: mexilhão
** → Spanish: mejillón
* mūsculāris
* mūsculōsus

#### Descendants

* Aragonese: musclo, muscllo
* Aromanian: mushclju
* Asturian: muslu
* Catalan: muscle, musclo
* Corsican: musculu
* Italian: muscolo
* Occitan: muscle
* Old French: moule, moucle, moulle, mouscle
** French: moule
** → Middle Dutch: mosscele
*** Dutch: mossel
* Romanian: mușchi
* Spanish: muslo
* → Asturian: músculu
* → Albanian: muskul, mushk
* → Catalan: múscul
* → Danish: muskel
* → English: musculus (learned)
* → Middle French: muscle
** French: muscle
** → Middle English: muscle
*** English: muscle
* → Friulian: muscul
* → Galician: músculo
* → German: Muskel
* → Proto-West Germanic: *muskulā (see there for further descendants)
* → Portuguese: músculo
* → Romansch: muscul, muscal, muscla
* → Russian: мускул (muskul)
* → Sardinian: musculu
* → Spanish: músculo
* → Swedish: muskel

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mūs, mūris (> Derivatives > mūsculus)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 396-7

### Further reading

* “musculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “musculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* musculus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* musculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “musculus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “musculus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin