OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# sürtünmək
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From sürt- (“to rub”) +‎ -ün.

### Verb

sürtünmək (intransitive)
* reflexive of sürtmək (“to rub”)

#### Derived terms

* sürtünmə (“friction”)

### Further reading

* “sürtünmək” in Obastan.com.
# ponos
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic поносъ (ponosŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ponosъ.

### Noun

ponos n (plural ponoase)
* unpleasant consequence

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Deverbal from ponositi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pǒnos/
* Hyphenation: po‧nos

### Noun

pònos m (Cyrillic spelling по̀нос)
* pride

#### Derived terms

* pònosan
* pònosit
* ponòsiti se
* pònositōst
* pònosno

### Further reading

* “ponos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔnɔ́s/

### Noun

ponȍs m inan
* pride (quality or state of being proud)
* arrogance (inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank etc.)

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ponos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “ponos”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references
# কোতোয়াল
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* কোতওয়াল (kōtōẇal)
* (common) কোটাল (kōṭal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कोटपाल (koṭapāla).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /kot̪o̯al/, [ˈkot̪o̯al]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /kot̪o̯al/, [ˈkot̪o̯al]
* (Vanga) IPA: /kot̪o̯al/, [ˈkot̪o̯al], [xot̪o̯al]
* (Varendra) IPA: /kot̪o̯al/, [ˈkot̪o̯al]

### Noun

কোতোয়াল • (kōtōẇal)
* policeman
* constable
* chief of a police station
* police chief

#### Derived terms

* কোতোয়ালি (kōtōẇali)

### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “কোতোয়াল”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
# cleta
## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin clēta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkleta/
* Rhymes: -eta
* Syllabification: cle‧ta

### Noun

cleta f
* a type of fence

### References

* “valla”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* clēda, clita, clida, cleida, cleia, clata, clada, claia, claa, cloisa, cloea

### Etymology

Borrowed from the Gaulish descendant of Proto-Celtic *kleitā.

### Noun

clēta f (genitive clētae); first declension (Early Medieval Latin)
* hurdle (type of fence)
** 7th c. AD, Lex Ripuaria 77:Si quis hominem... interficerit... in clita eum levare debet...If someone kills a man... he must raise [his body] on a hurdle...

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Gallo-Italic:
** Piedmontese: ceia
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: cleda
** Franco-Provençal: cllèya
** Old French: cloie
*** French: claie
** Occitan: cleda
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: cleta
** Galician: cheda
** Portuguese: cheda

### References

* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “cleta”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 191
# yungba
## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jũ̀.ɡ͡bà/

### Noun

yùngbà
* A type of traditional Yoruba oral poetry among the Ọ̀yọ́ Yoruba performed by high ranking] aristocrat women (wives of chiefs and the king), during festivals to honor the king, the Aláàfin.

#### Derived terms

* akùnyùngbà (“the female poets who perform the yùngbà”)
# pengembang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ kembang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋəmˈbaŋ/
* Rhymes: -baŋ, -aŋ, -ŋ
* Hyphenation: pê‧ngêm‧bang

### Noun

pêngêmbang (plural pengembang-pengembang)
* developer:
** a person or entity engaged in the creation or improvement of certain classes of products.
** (business) a real estate developer; a person or company who prepares a parcel of land for sale, or creates structures on that land.
    Synonym: dévêlopêr
    Synonym: pemaju (Standard Malay)
* (cooking) leavener: any agent that promotes leavening.

#### Derived terms

* pengembang agama
* pengembang perumahan

### Further reading

* “pengembang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# medyanotse
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* medya-notse
* media noche

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish medianoche (“midnight”), from media (“half”) +‎ noche (“night”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˌmedjaˈnot͡ʃe/ [ˌmɛː.d͡ʒɐˈn̪oː.t͡ʃɛ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˌmedjaˈnotse/ [ˌmɛd̪.jɐˈn̪ot̪.sɛ]
* Rhymes: -ot͡ʃe, (no yod coalescence) -otse
* Syllabification: med‧ya‧not‧se
* Homophone: Media Noche

### Noun

médyanótse (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)
* midnight
    Synonyms: hatinggabi, (obsolete) gitnang-gabi, (obsolete) tanghaling-gabi, (obsolete) kabuong-gabi
* midnight repast; midnight snack

#### Derived terms

* magmedyanotse

#### Related terms

* Media Noche
* Noche Buena

### Further reading

* “media noche”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “medyanotse”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Santos, Vito C. (1978) Vicassan's Pilipino-English Dictionary, Revised edition (overall work in Tagalog and English), With an Introduction by Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Metro Manila: National Book Store, →ISBN, page 1281
* Panganiban, José Villa (1973) Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles (overall work in Tagalog and English), Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co., page 706
# úrokovat
## Czech
### Etymology

From úrok +‎ -ovat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuːrokovat]

### Verb

úrokovat impf
* to pay interest
* to calculate interest

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | úrokovat, úrokovati | Active adjective | úrokující |
| Verbal noun | úrokování | Passive adjective | úrokovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | úrokuji, úrokuju (coll.) | úrokujeme | — | úrokujme |
| 2nd person | úrokuješ | úrokujete | úrokuj | úrokujte |
| 3rd person | úrokuje | úrokují, úrokujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive úrokovat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | úrokoval | úrokovali | úrokován | úrokováni |
| masculine inanimate | úrokoval | úrokovaly | úrokován | úrokovány |
| feminine | úrokovala | úrokovaly | úrokována | úrokovány |
| neuter | úrokovalo | úrokovala | úrokováno | úrokována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | úrokuje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | úrokujíc | — |
| plural | úrokujíce | — |

#### Related terms

* úrokování
* úrokový

### Further reading

* “úrokovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “úrokovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# téglaszerű
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From tégla (“brick”) +‎ -szerű (“-like”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈteːɡlɒsɛryː]
* Hyphenation: tég‧la‧sze‧rű
* Rhymes: -ryː

### Adjective

téglaszerű (comparative téglaszerűbb, superlative legtéglaszerűbb)
* bricklike

#### Derived terms

* téglaszerűen
* téglaszerűség
# മൂട്ട
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Cognate with Tamil மூட்டை (mūṭṭai). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muːʈʈɐ/

### Noun

മൂട്ട • (mūṭṭa)
* bedbug; Cimex lectularius, a small nocturnal blood-sucking insect in the family Cimicidae.

#### Derived terms

* മൂട്ടകടി (mūṭṭakaṭi)
* മൂട്ടശല്യം (mūṭṭaśalyaṁ)

### References

* Warrier, M. I. (2008) “മൂട്ട”, in Malayalam-English Dictionary (in Malayalam), 22nd edition, Kottayam: DC Books
* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “mūṭṭai”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
* https://dict.sayahna.org/stv/70592/
* https://olam.in/DictionaryML/ml/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F
# skedul
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English schedule, from Old French cedule (whence French cédule), from Late Latin schedula (“papyrus strip”), diminutive of Latin scheda, from Ancient Greek σχέδη (skhédē, “papyrus leaf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈskɛdʊl]
* Hyphenation: skè‧dul

### Noun

skèdul (plural skedul-skedul)
* (colloquial) schedule.
    Synonym: jadwal

#### Derived terms

* menskedulkan

### Further reading

* “skedul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# yẹri
## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* yẹ̀ì (Ondo)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛ̀.ɾì/

### Noun

yẹ̀rì
* skirt (in particular) one worn under an ìró (“wrapper”); undergarment

#### Derived terms

* sán yẹ̀rì (“to wear a skirt”)
# teravih
## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* teravi, terâvih

### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish تراویح (terāvih), from Arabic تَرَاوِيحْ (tarāwīḥ), plural of تَرْوِيحَة (tarwīḥa, “relief, rest for breathing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /te.ɾaːˈvih/
* Hyphenation: te‧ra‧vih

### Noun

teravih (definite accusative teravihi, plural teravihler)
* (Islam) Ellipsis of teravih namazı (“teravih prayer”); a special prayer performed every night of Ramadan after the Night prayer.

#### Related terms

* ervah
* istirahat
* rahat
* rayiha
* reyhan
* ruh
* ziruh

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تراویح”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 527
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تراویح”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 359
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “teravih”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “teravih”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “teravih”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4747
# bienio
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin biennium.

### Noun

bienio m (plural bienios)
* a period of two years; biennium

#### Related terms

* año

### Further reading

* “bienio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pengajaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed ajar (“to teach”) +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəŋaˈd͡ʒaran/ [pə.ŋaˈd͡ʒa.ran]
* Rhymes: -aran
* Syllabification: pe‧nga‧ja‧ran

### Noun

pengajaran (plural pengajaran-pengajaran)
* (education) teaching: the activity that a teacher does when he/she teaches.

#### Derived terms

* pengajaran berbantu komputer
* pengajaran berbantuan-komputer
* pengajaran berbasis pabrik
* pengajaran jarak jauh
* pengajaran ke pelelang
* pengajaran mikro
* pengajaran remedial
* pengajaran sikap hidup
* pengajaran tim
* sosiologi pengajaran
* televisi pengajaran

### Further reading

* “pengajaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# leor
## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish lór, from Old Irish lour (“enough, sufficient”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /l̠ʲoːɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /l̠ʲɔːɾˠ/

### Adjective

leor (genitive singular masculine leoir, genitive singular feminine leoire, plural leora, comparative leoire)
* (literary) sufficient, ample

#### Derived terms

* go leor
* leorchúiteamh
* leordhóthain
* leorfhianaise
* leorghníomh

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “leor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /le͜oːr/

### Verb

lēor
* singular imperative of lēoran
# կեղակարծ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կեղակարծ (kełakarc).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /keʁɑˈkɑɾt͡s/, [keʁɑkɑ́ɾt͡s]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡeʁɑˈɡɑɾd͡z/, [ɡeʁɑɡɑ́ɾd͡z]
* Hyphenation: կե‧ղա‧կարծ

### Adjective

կեղակարծ • (keġakarc) (superlative ամենակեղակարծ)
* (dated) doubtful

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* կաղակարծ (kałakarc)

### Etymology

From *կեղ- (*keł-) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ կարծ (karc). The meaning and origin of the first element are uncertain. It has been considered an alternative form of կաղ (kał, “lame”) by some.

### Adjective

կեղակարծ • (kełakarc)
* doubtful
    կեղակարծ լինել ― kełakarc linel ― to be suspected, doubted
    կեղակարծ թուիլ ― kełakarc tʻuil ― to seem doubtful

### Adverb

կեղակարծ • (kełakarc)
* doubtfully, uncertainly

### Derived terms

* անկեղակարծ (ankełakarc)
* անկեղակարծելի (ankełakarceli)
* կաղակարծելի (kałakarceli)
* կաղակարծութիւն (kałakarcutʻiwn)
* կեղակարծաբար (kełakarcabar)
* կեղակարծելի (kełakarceli)
* կեղակարծեմ (kełakarcem)
* կեղակարծիք (kełakarcikʻ)
* կեղակարծութիւն (kełakarcutʻiwn)

### Descendants

* → Armenian: կեղակարծ (keġakarc) (learned)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կեղակարծ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կեղակարծ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “կաղ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 358
# забавний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old Ukrainian забавный (zabavnyj), from Old East Slavic забавьныи (zabavĭnyi), from Proto-Slavic *zabavьnъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian за́баван, Belarusian заба́ўны (zabáŭny), Polish zabawny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐˈbau̯nei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

заба́вний • (zabávnyj) (adverb заба́вно, abstract noun заба́вність)
* amusing, entertaining, diverting, fun, funny

#### Synonyms

* (amusing, funny): смішни́й (smišnýj)

#### Related terms

* заба́ва f (zabáva)
* за́бавка f (zábavka)
* забавля́ти impf (zabavljáty), заба́вити pf (zabávyty)
* заба́вник m (zabávnyk), заба́вниця f (zabávnycja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “забавний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “забавний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “забавний”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “забавний”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# pundi
## Icelandic
### Noun

pundi
* indefinite dative singular of pund

## Rahambuu
### Noun

pundi
* banana

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fundir, from Latin fundere.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /punˈdi/ [pʊn̪ˈd̪i]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: pun‧di

### Adjective

pundí (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ)
* burnt out
    Synonym: pundido
    Punding bombilyaBurnt out lightbulb
* (colloquial) annoyed; fed up
    Synonyms: buwisit, inis, konsumido, yamot
    Punding-pundi ako sa sobrang kulit ng mga anak mo.I'm all fed up by your very naughty kids.

#### Derived terms

* mapundi
* pundihin

#### Related terms

* pundido

#### See also

* patay-sindi

### Further reading

* “pundi”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Zorc, R. David, San Miguel, Rachel (1993) Tagalog Slang Dictionary‎, Manila: De La Salle University Press, →ISBN
# tamburare
## Italian
### Etymology

From tamburo +‎ -are.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tam.buˈra.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: tam‧bu‧rà‧re

### Verb

tamburàre (first-person singular present tambùro, first-person singular past historic tamburài, past participle tamburàto, auxiliary avére)
* (uncommon, intransitive) to drum (to beat a drum) [auxiliary avere]
* (rare, intransitive) to drum (to make a drumming sound) [auxiliary avere]
    Synonym: tamburellare
* (rare, transitive) to beat, to hit
    Synonyms: percuotere, picchiare
* (historical, transitive) to secretly denounce
    Synonym: intamburare
* (carpentry, transitive) to build with a particular method (tamburamento)

#### Derived terms

* tamburagione
* tamburamento
* tamburata
* tamburato

### Further reading

* tamburare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# anátema
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́θεμᾰ (ănắthemă).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈna.te.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈna.te.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˈna.te.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈna.tɨ.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -atemɐ, -atɨmɐ
* Hyphenation: a‧ná‧te‧ma

### Noun

anátema m (plural anátemas)
* anathema (sentence that expels a Catholic from the Church)
    Synonym: excomunhão
* curse, imprecation
* condemnation, rebuke, reproof

#### Related terms

* anatematizado
* anatematizador
* anatematização f
* anatematizador m
* anatematizar

### Further reading

* “anátema”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “anátema”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# konkoni
## Sranan Tongo
### Alternative forms

* konikoni

### Etymology

From Dutch konijn (“rabbit”), due to the perceived similarity in appearance.

### Noun

konkoni
* agouti, Dasyprocta leporina
    Synonym: aguti
* rabbit, a mammal of the family Leporidae
    Synonym: bakrakonkoni

#### Derived terms

* bakrakonkoni
* konkonifowru
* konkonisneki
# sang-ayon
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From sang- +‎ ayon.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saŋˈʔajon/ [sɐŋˈʔaː.jon̪]
* Rhymes: -ajon
* Syllabification: sang-a‧yon

### Adjective

sang-ayon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜀᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* in agreement with; in favor of
    Synonyms: kasang-ayon, payag, pumapayag
* affirmative
    Synonyms: katig, kumakatig
* based from; in conformity with (used with sa)
    Synonym: batay

#### Derived terms

* kasang-ayon
* pagsang-ayon
* sang-ayunan
* sumang-ayon

### Noun

sang-ayon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜀᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* affirmative side (of a debate)
    Synonyms: pabot, katig
* vote for the affirmative
* agreeing with someone
    Synonyms: pagsang-ayon, katig, pagkatig
# قاقمق
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* ققمق (kakmak)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kak- (“to strike, tap”); cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (qaq-), Kumyk къакъмакъ (qaqmaq), Kyrgyz кагуу (kaguu), Southern Altai кагар (kagar) and Uzbek qoqmoq.

### Verb

قاقمق • (kakmak)
* (transitive) to push, tap, to strike chiefly lightly with a clear sound, but sometimes hard
* (transitive) to drive, nail, to provide an impetus for motion or other physical change
    Synonym: چاقمق (çakmak)
* (transitive) to beetle, mall, to beat with a mall, or mallet, to beat with something heavy

#### Derived terms

* آغاج قاقان (ağaç kakan, “woodpecker”)
* باشه قاقمق (başa kakmak, “to taunt”)
* قازق قاقمق (kazık kakmak, “to drive in a stake”)
* قاقان (kakan, “that taps or pushes”)
* قاقشمق (kakışmak, “to mutually push or tap one another”)
* قاقلمق (kakılmak, “to be tapped or pushed”)
* قاقمه (kakma, “act of pushing or tapping”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kakmak
* → Armenian: խախմիշ (xaxmiš)

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kak-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 609

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “قاقمق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 464
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kakmak2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2344
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قاقمق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 351b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قاقمق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 931
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pulsare”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1405
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قاقمق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3590
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kak-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قاقمق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1419
# ростити
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstiti. Cognate with Russian расти́ть (rastítʹ), Belarusian расці́ць (rascícʹ). Compare рости́ (rostý).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rɔˈstɪte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

рости́ти • (rostýty) impf (transitive, rare)
* to grow (cause or allow to become bigger)
    Synonyms: виро́щувати impf (vyróščuvaty), розво́дити impf (rozvódyty)
* to breed (:animals)
    Synonym: розво́дити impf (rozvódyty)
* to raise
    Synonym: вихо́вувати impf (vyxóvuvaty)

#### Derived terms

* рости́тися impf (rostýtysja) (rare)
* виро́щувати impf (vyróščuvaty), ви́ростити pf (výrostyty)
* відро́щувати impf (vidróščuvaty), відрости́ти pf (vidrostýty) (rare)
* наро́щувати impf (naróščuvaty), нарости́ти pf (narostýty)
* приро́щувати impf (pryróščuvaty), прирости́ти pf (pryrostýty) (rare)
* проро́щувати impf (proróščuvaty), прорости́ти pf (prorostýty) (rare)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ростити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “ростити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “ростити”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “ростити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# Pedobacter
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Pedobacter m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Sphingobacteriaceae – certain soil bacteria.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Prokaryota – superkingdom; Bacteria – kingdom; Negibacteria – subkingdom; Bacteroidetes – phylum; Sphingobacteria – class; Sphingobacteriales – order; Sphingobacteriaceae – family

### References

* Pedobacter on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Pedobacter on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
# karnero
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish carnero, from Latin (agnus) carnārius.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: kar‧ne‧ro
* IPA: /kaɾˈneɾo/ [kaɾˈn̪e.ɾo]

### Noun

karnero
* sheep
* lamb
    Synonym: kordero

#### Related terms

* karne

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish carnero, from Latin (agnus) carnārius.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: kar‧ne‧ro
* IPA: /kaɾˈneɾo/ [kɐɾ̪ˈn̪i.ɾ̪o]

### Noun

karnero
* a sheep; a woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis
* a lamb; a young sheep
* the flesh of a lamb or sheep used as food; mutton; lamb

#### Synonyms

* (a lamb): kordero

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish carnero, from Latin (agnus) carnārius. Compare Ivatan kanyiru.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaɾˈneɾo/ [kɐɾˈn̪ɛː.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: kar‧ne‧ro

### Noun

karnero (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜇᜓ)
* sheep (animal)
    Synonyms: tupa, obeha
* mutton; sheepmeat
    Synonym: karneng-tupa

#### Derived terms

* karnerong-dagat

#### Related terms

* engkarnada
* engkarnadina
* engkarnasyon
* karnal
* karne
* karne asado
* karne norte
* karnerong-dagat
* karniboro
* karnisero

#### See also

* kordero

### Further reading

* “karnero”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# HDG
## English
### Noun

HDG
* Abbreviation of hot-dip galvanization.

### Adjective

HDG (not comparable)
* Abbreviation of hot-dip galvanized.

### Related terms

* galvanized steel
* HDA
* HDB
* HDT
* HDZ