# տարափ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian տարափ (tarapʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tɑˈɾɑpʰ/, [tɑɾɑ́pʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /dɑˈɾɑp/, [dɑɾɑ́pʰ]
* Hyphenation: տա‧րափ

### Noun

տարափ • (tarapʻ)
* heavy shower, downpour, cloudburst
* (figuratively) large amount, avalanche
    ծափահարությունների տարափ ― capʻaharutʻyunneri tarapʻ ― storm of applause

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* տարաբ (tarab)

### Etymology

The origin is uncertain. Dervischjan compares to Sanskrit तरति (tárati, “to pass across; to float, swim”), whence also supposedly तरन्त (taraná, “ocean; hard shower”), and अप् (ap, “water”). According to Bugge, perhaps of Proto-Indo-European origin and cognate with Sanskrit द्रप्स (drapsá, “drop”). Compare also Central Kurdish تیرئاو (tîr'aw, “jet of water”) and Old Armenian տեղ (teł, “abundant rain”).
Possibly an Iranian borrowing: compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬝-𐬁𐬞- (tat̰-āp-, “with flowing waters?, with falling waters?”) containing 𐬁𐬞𐬋 (āpō, “water”); 𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀- (tāta-, “falling, dripping, rising?”) often applied to 𐬁𐬞𐬋 (āpō, “water”). The -ր- (-r-) is to be explained from a Middle Iranian -δ-, as in պարաւանդ (parawand). The meaning of the Avestan terms depends on whether one derives them from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pat- (“to fly; to fall”) (from *péth₂eti) or *taH- (“to flow, stream; to melt”) (from *teh₂-; in this case cognate with Ossetian тад (tad, “molten”)). For the dispute see Cheung with references.

### Noun

տարափ • (tarapʻ)
* shower, abundant rain (or snow)
    տեղ եւ տարափ նետից ― teł ew tarapʻ neticʻ ― a shower of arrows; a cloud of darts
    ծակոտեալ ի տարափոյ նետից ― cakoteal i tarapʻoy neticʻ ― pierced with a hundred arrow wounds
* dew

#### Derived terms

* թանձրատարափ (tʻanjratarapʻ)
* լեռնատարափ (leṙnatarapʻ)
* կայծակնատարափ (kaycaknatarapʻ)
* հողմատարափ (hołmatarapʻ)
* հրատարափ (hratarapʻ)
* մրրկատարափ (mrrkatarapʻ)
* յորդատարափ (yordatarapʻ)
* տաղատարափ (tałatarapʻ)
* տաղտարափ (tałtarapʻ)
* տարատարափ (taratarapʻ)
* տարափանման (tarapʻanman)
* տարափեմ (tarapʻem)
* տարափումն (tarapʻumn)
* տեղատարափ (tełatarapʻ)
* ցօղատարափ (cʻōłatarapʻ)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: տարափ (tarapʻ)

### References

* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 497
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “տարափ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “տարափ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik
* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 944
* ↑ Dervischjan, P. Seraphin (1877) Armeniaca I: Das Altarmenische (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 94
* ↑ Bugge, Sophus (1892) “Beiträge zur etymologischen Erläuterung der armenischen Sprache”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 1, page 456
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 72
* ↑ Kurdojev, K. K., Jusupova, Z. A. (1983) “تیرئاو”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ (sorani) [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary (Sorani)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 163a
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “տարափ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “տարափ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy