# 介

| 介 | U+4ECB, &#20171; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECB |
| ← 今 [U+4ECA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 仌 → [U+4ECC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

介 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人中中 (OLL), four-corner 8022$_0$, composition ⿱人⿰丿丨)

#### Derived characters

* 价, 吤, 圿, 妎, 㜾, 尬, 𡵚, 㠹, 忦, 扴, 𣲤, 阶, 斺, 𭨫, 𬂣, 𣬫, 炌, 𤘦, 𭷼, 玠, 𭺝, 祄, 畍, 𥄍, 砎, 𥝵, 紒, 蚧, 衸, 𧣋, 䚸, 𧿩, 𫒌, 𩈋, 𩉡, 𩡺(𩧦), 骱, 魀, 魪(𬶇), 𭍲, 𩾴, 𪐱, 齘(𬹼)
* 𠇧, 㰡, 𬿋, 𬿷, 䲸(𮭡), 𭀐, 𠨴, 㝏, 岕, 芥, 界, 𪽐, 㖎/㖋, 𣓴, 䯰, 𢗊, 𠌕, 庎, 疥, 䦏, 𣽀
* 𰁽

#### Descendants

* ケ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 359
* Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 103, character 9
* Unihan data for U+4ECB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 介 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj01444j01445j01446j01447j01448j01449Small seal scripts00795Transcribed ancient scriptsL36198L36199L21168L21169L21170L21171L21172L21173 ||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 妎 | *ɡaːds, *ɡeːds |
| 芥 | *kreːds |
| 尬 | *kreːds |
| 界 | *kreːds |
| 介 | *kreːds |
| 疥 | *kreːds |
| 玠 | *kreːds |
| 砎 | *kreːds, *kreːd, *ɡraːd |
| 魪 | *kreːds |
| 价 | *kreːds |
| 衸 | *kreːds, *ɡreːds |
| 齘 | *ɡreːds |
| 骱 | *ɡaːd, *kreːd |
| 扴 | *kreːd |
| 圿 | *kreːd |
| 忦 | *kreːd |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 人 (“person”) + two marks encompassing, indicating "in between". Folk etymology interprets the two marks as two components of an armor.

### Etymology 1
#### "to assist"

    Developed from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armored men”), from 介 (OC *kreːds, “armor”), ultimately from 介 (OC *kreːds, “scale (of animals)”). (Schuessler, 2007)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiè (jie$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiai$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaai$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gai$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gai$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kie / kiai
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giai$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jie$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ga̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): gái
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$ka; $^5$cia
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$
*** Yale: jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^3$
*** Yale: gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiai
*** Hakka Romanization System: giai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiaɪ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ga̿i
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài
*** Tâi-lô: kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài
*** Sinological IPA : /kai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ka; $^5$cia
*** MiniDict: ka$^去$; cia$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ka; $^2$jia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/, /t͡ɕia³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kɑ⁵²³/, /t͡ɕiɑ⁵²³/
* $^5$ka, $^1$ka - colloquial;
* $^5$cia - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit介 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiə¹³/ /kɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kai¹³/ /t͡ɕiai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kai²¹³/ /t͡ɕie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ka³⁵/ /t͡ɕia³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕie̞⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ka⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³²⁴/ /ka³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ka⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kai⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kiai⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ke⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kai³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kai³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kai²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɑi²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kai³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kai²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kai³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: keajH
Rime :
| Character | 介 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古拜切 |
| Baxter | keajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤr[e]p-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 介 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁr[e]p-s/ |
| English | armour; scale of animals |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 介 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6525 |
| Phonetic component | 介 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誡 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreːds/ |

#### Definitions

介
* to lie between
* to relate two things; to connect; to link; to introduce
* to assist; to help
* to hang; to suspend
* to rely on; to depend on
* firm; persistent; unswerving
* such; like this; this kind of
* Original form of 界 (jiè, “boundary; role; duty”).
* iota; tiny bit. Alternative form of 芥
* Classifier for people or copper coins.
* seashell; shell
* to wear armour
* (Eastern Min) again; re-
* (Taiwan) zepto- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 仄 (Mainland)

#### Compounds

* 一介 (yījiè)
* 一介不取 (yījiè-bùqǔ)
* 不介意 (bù jièyì)
* 不足介意
* 中介 (zhōngjiè)
* 中介社團 / 中介社团
* 人機介面 / 人机介面
* 介丘
* 介之推
* 介乎 (jièhū)
* 介介
* 介休 (Jièxiū)
* 介入 (jièrù)
* 介冑 (jièzhòu)
* 介圭
* 介士
* 介壽 / 介寿 (Jièshòu)
* 介夫
* 介子 (jièzǐ)
* 介居
* 介山
* 介幘 / 介帻
* 介弟
* 介意 (jièyì)
* 介懷 / 介怀 (jièhuái)
* 介於 / 介于 (jièyú)
* 介殼 / 介壳 (jièqiào)
* 介殼蟲 / 介壳虫
* 介母
* 介然
* 介特
* 介石
* 介福
* 介立
* 介紹 / 介绍 (jièshào)
* 介紹人 / 介绍人 (jièshàorén)
* 介紹信 / 介绍信 (jièshàoxìn)
* 介紹所 / 介绍所 (jièshàosuǒ)
* 介蟲 / 介虫 (jièchóng)
* 介許多 / 介许多
* 介詞 / 介词 (jiècí)
* 介質 / 介质 (jièzhì)
* 介電質 / 介电质
* 介面卡
* 介面板
* 介音 (jièyīn)
* 仲介 (zhòngjiè)
* 仲介公司
* 卡介苗 (kǎjièmiáo)
* 大眾媒介 / 大众媒介
* 婚友介紹 / 婚友介绍
* 媒介 (méijiè)
* 媒介體 / 媒介体
* 孤介
* 嶮介 / 崄介
* 并介之人
* 引介 (yǐnjiè)
* 張介賓 / 张介宾
* 拘介
* 推介 (tuījiè)
* 收介
* 新聞媒介 / 新闻媒介
* 橫行介士 / 横行介士
* 毫不介意
* 江介
* 清介
* 煞有介事 (shàyǒujièshì)
* 狷介
* 簡介 / 简介 (jiǎnjiè)
* 紹介 / 绍介 (shàojiè)
* 纖介 / 纤介
* 耿介 (gěngjiè)
* 耿介之士
* 自我介紹 / 自我介绍 (zìwǒ jièshào)
* 蠆介 / 虿介
* 褒采一介
* 評介 / 评介 (píngjiè)
* 譯介 / 译介 (yìjiè)
* 貴介 / 贵介
* 輕車介士 / 轻车介士
* 酒介齊眉 / 酒介齐眉
* 隱介藏形 / 隐介藏形
* 鱗介 / 鳞介
* 龍介 / 龙介 (lóngjiè)

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *klecꟲ
** Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kletᴰ
*** Thai: เกล็ด (glèt)

#### See also

SI prefix :
| Last | | Next |
| 阿 | 介/仄 | 攸/幺 |

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 再 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 再 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 再 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 再 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 再 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 又, 再 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 再 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 再 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 再 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 再, 添 > |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 再, 添 > |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 應 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 再, 湊 > |
| Hakka | Meixian | 再, 添 > |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 再 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 再, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 再, 蓋, 介 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 介 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 再 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 又, 再 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 再 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 再, 添 > |
| Xiang | Changsha | 再 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 再, 還 |
| Note | > - used after the object | > - used after the object |

#### References

* “介”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### Etymology 2

From 個／个, attested since the Song Dynasty.

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ka / $^5$ka
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ka
*** MiniDict: ka$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ka
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka⁵³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ka
*** MiniDict: ka$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /kɑ⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ka⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

介 (Wu)
* used to indicate a great degree
    介大 [Ningbonese] ― $^5$ka $^6$du [Wugniu] ― so big
* an adverbialiser; in the manner of
    搿能介 [Shanghainese] ― $^8$geq-nen-ka [Wugniu] ― in this way
    像伊一能介 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$zhian $^6$yi $^7$iq-nen-ka [Wugniu] ― in the manner of him

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 如此 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 如此 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 這樣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 這樣, 這麼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 這麼 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這麼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 陣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 這麼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 這們, 陣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 這們 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 恁麼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 這麼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 這們 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 這麼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這們, 這麼, 嘞們 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 仲個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 這樣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 陣, 哏 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 這麼, 這樣子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 這們 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 格麼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 呢咁, 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果樣, 拱 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 果 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 箇 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該樣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 箇, 箇史 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 恁 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 恁, 咁 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 恁, 咁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Changting | 仰 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 恁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 恁 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾的 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 這來 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 這啦, 這麼, 這來 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 𱕇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 只滿, 只 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 者滿 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 者滿 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 拙, 拙幹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 拙, 拙爾, 障, 障爾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 按呢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 奐, 現, 喝, 遐, 遮, 拙 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 照, 照生 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 照 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只生 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 偌 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 只, 者 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 只何 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 只何 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 更 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, 介, 實能 dated, 實個能 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 迭能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 若介, 實介, 能, 能介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 迭個能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 迭能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 格末, 格能介, 着介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 實恁 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 實倫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 特能, 迭能, 實能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 能 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗, 尚 |
| Wu | Danyang | 根 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 價套, 價, 實價套, 實價 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 介 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 該恁, 恁 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 帳, 格生, 格亨, 喪 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 絞麼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 咯樣 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 這麼 |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gai$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gai$^1$
*** Yale: gāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐi̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

介
* (Hong Kong) Informal shorthand for 雞／鸡 (gai1).

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ke
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ke
*** Hakka Romanization System: ge
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ge$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ke⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

介
* (Hakka) Alternative form of 個 / 个 (“(particle; classifier)”)
** 2003, “花樹下 [Under the Flowers]”, 古秀如 (lyrics), 謝宇威 [Hsieh Yu-Wei] (music)‎performed by 謝宇威 [Hsieh Yu-Wei]:
       kai fùng-fùng pha̍k-pha̍k ke fâ [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       The red and white flowers

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 介ける)、すけ (suke, 介)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、ゆき (yuki)

#### Compounds

* 介意
* 介懐
* 介居
* 介(かい)護(ご) (kaigo)
* 介在
* 介子
* 介(かい)錯(しゃく) (kaishaku)
* 介(かい)助(じょ) (kaijo)
* 介心
* 介(かい)入(にゅう) (kainyū)
* 介馬
* 介(かい)抱(ほう) (kaihō)
* 介殻
* 介(かい)甲(こう) (kaikō)
* 介(すけ)党(とう)鱈(だら) (suketōdara): Alaska pollock
* 介(かい)病(びょう) (kaibyō): nursing a patient
* 介卵
* 介鱗

#### Related terms

* 介する
* 介添え

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 介
* かい Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 介 (MC keajH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Affix

介(かい) • (kai)
* to be between, mediate
* assist; help
* shell, shellfish
* armor

## Korean
### Hanja

介 (eum 개 (gae))
* forerunner, herald, harbinger
* to lie between
* sea shell
* to wear armor

## Vietnamese
### Han character

介: Hán Nôm readings: giới
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.