# 窘

| 窘 | U+7A98, &#31384; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A98 |
| ← 窗 [U+7A97] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窙 → [U+7A99] |

## Translingual
### Han character

窘 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金尸大口 (JCSKR), four-corner 3060$_7$, composition ⿱穴君)

#### Derived characters

* 僒, 㩈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25519
* Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2732, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7A98

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涒 | *l̥ʰuːn |
| 麏 | *krun |
| 莙 | *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun |
| 輑 | *kʰrun |
| 蜠 | *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ |
| 峮 | *kʰrun |
| 窘 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 僒 | *ɡrunʔ |
| 君 | *klun |
| 桾 | *klun |
| 宭 | *klun, *ɡlun |
| 鮶 | *klun |
| 捃 | *kluns |
| 群 | *ɡlun |
| 羣 | *ɡlun |
| 裙 | *ɡlun |
| 裠 | *ɡlun |
| 帬 | *ɡlun |
| 焄 | *qʰlun |
| 郡 | *ɡluns |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiǒng, jǔn (jiong$^3$, jun$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄥˇ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jun$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan$^3$ / kwan$^5$ / gwan$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gun$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiún
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giun$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gē̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kūn / kǔn / khún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kung$^2$ / kug$^4$ / giong$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chiun
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jyn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǒng
*** Wade–Giles: chiung$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeong
*** Palladius: цзюн (czjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jun$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gun
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^3$ / kwan$^5$ / gwan$^6$
*** Yale: kwan / kwáhn / gwahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^3$ / kwan$^5$ / gwan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^3$ / kuen$^5$ / guen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn³³/, /kʷʰɐn¹³/, /kʷɐn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kun²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiún
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiun³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /køyŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn
*** Tâi-lô: kūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kun
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kun³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn
*** Tâi-lô: kǔn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
*** Tâi-lô: khún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quon
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kung$^2$ / kug$^4$ / giong$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng / khuk / kióng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁵²/, /kʰuk̚²/, /kioŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chiun
*** MiniDict: chiuin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰyn³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jyn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: gwinX
Rime :
| Character | 窘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (45) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠殞切 |
| Baxter | gwinX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiuɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡʷᵚin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjuĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrunʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 窘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7285 |
| Phonetic component | 君 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 窘 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrunʔ/ |
| Notes | 原列軫韻 |

### Definitions

窘
* embarrassed
* hard-pressed

#### Compounds

* 受窘 (shòujiǒng)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 枯窘
* 發窘 / 发窘
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窘境 (jiǒngjìng)
* 窘急 (jiǒngjí)
* 窘態 / 窘态 (jiǒngtài)
* 窘態畢露 / 窘态毕露
* 窘態百出 / 窘态百出
* 窘步
* 窘況 / 窘况 (jiǒngkuàng)
* 窘蹙
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窘鄉 / 窘乡
* 窮窘 / 穷窘
* 隘窘

### References

* “窘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* rebuke

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* On: くん (kun)
* Kun: たしなめる (tashinameru, 窘める)、くるしむ (kurushimu, 窘む)

#### Compounds

* 窘迫(きんぱく) (kinpaku): troubledness

## Korean
### Hanja

窘 (eum 군 (gun))
* embarrassed
* hard-pressed

## Vietnamese
### Han character

窘: Hán Nôm readings: quẫn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.