# προβάλλω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From προ- (pro-, “before”) +‎ βάλλω (bállō, “throw, cast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pro.bál.lɔː/ → /proˈβal.lo/ → /proˈva.lo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pro.bál.lɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /proˈbal.lo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /proˈβal.lo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /proˈval.lo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /proˈva.lo/

### Verb

προβᾰ́λλω • (probắllō)
* (active voice)
** to throw or lay before, throw to
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.331
** to put forward as a defense
*** 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 261A
*** to put forward, begin
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.529
*** to put forward as an argument or plea
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 810
*** to put forward or propose for an office
**** 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 17.19
*** to propose a question, task, problem, riddle
**** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 757
*** to put forth beyond
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 740
** to expose, give up
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.141
** to send forth, emit
*** 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.50
** (intransitive) to fall forward
*** Scholium on Aristophanes' Birds 487
* (medium and perfect passive)
** to throw or toss before one, to throw away, expose
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1007
*** to lay before or first
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.255
*** to set before oneself, propose to oneself
**** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 777
*** to put forward, propose for election
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.98
** to throw beyond, beat in throwing; to surpass, excel
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.218
** to hold before oneself so as to protect
*** Tyrtaeus 12.3
*** (figurative) to put forward
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 293.20
**** to bring forward or cite on one's own part, in defense
***** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 201B
*** to put before
**** The Histories, 3.72,9
** (Attic law) to accuse a person before the Ecclesia by the process called προβολή (probolḗ), literally to present him as guilty of the offense
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 514.6

#### Derived terms

* πρόβλημα (próblēma)
* προβολή (probolḗ)

### Further reading

* “προβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “προβάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “προβάλλω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* προβάλλω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* προβάλλω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4261 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek προβάλλω (probállō), with learned semantic loan from French projeter and English project. By surface analysis, προ- (pro-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾoˈva.lo/
* Hyphenation: προ‧βάλ‧λω

### Verb

προβάλλω • (provállo) (imperfect προέβαλλα/πρόβαλλα, past προέβαλα/πρόβαλα, passive προβάλλομαι, p‑past προβλήθηκα, ppp προβεβλημένος)
* (intransitive) to present itself
    Synonym: παρουσιάζομαι (parousiázomai)
* (transitive) to project (to cast (an image or shadow) upon a surface; to throw or cast forward; to shoot forth)
* (transitive) to promote (to attempt to popularize)
* (transitive) to put forward, to present, to raise (:argument, objection, etc.)
* (transitive, geometry) to project
* (transitive, psychology, psychoanalysis) to project (to assume qualities or mindsets in others based on one's own personality)

#### Related terms

* ξεπροβάλλω (xeprovállo)
* προβολέας (provoléas)
* προβολή f (provolí)

### References

* ↑ προβάλλω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language