OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# conchology
## English
### Etymology

From conch or Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē) +‎ -ology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒi/

### Noun

conchology (usually uncountable, plural conchologies)
* the study of molluscs and their shells
** 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 94:"Thank goodness, I am not a child," said Lady Mandeville, turning over a collection of those juvenile tomes, which are to make the rising generation so much wiser than their grandfathers or grandmothers—catechisms of conchology, geology, mathematical questions for infants, geography, astronomy; "the child may be 'father to the man;' but the said father must have had some trouble with his offspring."
** 2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, Pulphead:The least dreadful among the essays stacked and waiting to be corrected would be that of young Master Jefferson Davis, who when imprisoned by Andrew Johnson in 1866 will ask his physician at Fortress Monroe to procure a few volumes of "conchology, geology, or botany," he desiring to commune with the interests of more innocent days.
* the hobby of shell collecting

#### Derived terms

* conchological
* conchologist
* conchologize

#### Translations
### See also

* malacology

### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “conchology (n.)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ “conchology, n.”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ “conchology, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# dactylology
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌdæktɪlˈɒlədʒi/
* (US) IPA: /ˌdæktəlˈɑləd͡ʒi/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

dactylology (uncountable)
* The use of the fingers and hands to communicate ideas, especially by the deaf.

#### Synonyms

* fingerspelling
* maniloquism
* cheirology

#### Derived terms

* dactylological

#### Translations
### See also

* sign language
# criminology
## English
### Etymology

From criminal +‎ -logy.

### Noun

criminology (countable and uncountable, plural criminologies)
* The study of crime and criminals, especially their behaviour.
** 2019, Malcolm Gladwell, Talking to Strangers, page 283:"So that then begins a sort of rethinking of my idea of criminology," Weisburd said. "Like most other people, my studies were about people. I said, maybe we ought to be more concerned with places."

#### Derived terms

* biocriminology
* criminological
* neurocriminology

#### Related terms

* criminological
* criminologist
# Chihoowa
## Chickasaw
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Jehovah, transliteration of Hebrew יְהֹוָה (yəhōwā). Compare Choctaw Chihowa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃi.hoː.wa/

### Proper noun

Chihoowa (alienable)
* (Christianity) God
    Synonyms: Chihoowa Abaꞌ Binniꞌliꞌ, Chihoowa Chitokakaꞌ

#### Inflection

| Nouns in ch-, k-, t- | Singular | Plural | Inclusive Tri-Plural |
| 1st-person ("my, our") | anchihoowa an-chihoowa | ponchihoowa pon-chihoowa | haponchihoowa hapon-chihoowa |
| 2nd-person ("thy, your") | chinchihoowa chin-chihoowa | hachinchihoowa hachin-chihoowa | hachinchihoowa hachin-chihoowa |
| 3rd-person ("his, her, its, their") | inchihoowa in-chihoowa | inchihoowa in-chihoowa | inchihoowa in-chihoowa |

#### Derived terms

* Chihoowa aayoppachiꞌ
* Chihoowa Abaꞌ Binniꞌliꞌ
* Chihoowa Chitokakaꞌ
* Chihoowa Imaapihlichikaꞌ
* Chihoowa imanompaalhpisaꞌ
* Chihoowa Imobyakaꞌ Impaꞌ
* Chihoowa inaaholiitompishtaa-ashaꞌ
* Chihoowa i̱naaholiitompishtattaꞌ
* Chihoowa I̱naayimmiꞌ
* Chihoowa i̱nannalhpisaꞌ
* Chihoowa I̱nannalhpisaꞌ Yimmiꞌ
* Chihoowa i̱na̱ano̱liꞌ
* Chihoowa i̱nittak holittoꞌpa
* Chihoowa i̱yaakniꞌ
* Chihoowa kalakshichi
* Chihoowa naaishtimaaholittoꞌpaꞌ
* Chihoowa Pinchitokakaꞌ
* Chihoowimaapihlichikaꞌ
* Chihoowimanompa anompoli
* Chihoowoshiꞌ
* Pinkiꞌ Chihoowa
# klausyti
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear, listen”). Cognate with Latvian klausīt, Proto-Slavic *slùšati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [klɐuˈsʲiːtʲɪ]

### Verb

klausýti (third-person present tense klaũso, third-person past tense klaũsė)
* (with genitive) to listen (to); to hear
    Man patinka klausyti muzikos.
       I like to listen to music.
    Aš neklausau tavęs.
       I'm not listening to you.
    Jis girdi, bet neklauso.
       He hears, but isn't listening.
* (with genitive) to listen (to); to obey

#### Derived terms

* apklausyti
* atklausyti
* išklausyti
* įklausyti
** įsiklausyti
* nuklausyti
* paklausyti
* perklausyti
* praklausyti
* priklausyti
* razsiklausyti
* suklausyti
* užsiklausyti
* klausymas
* klausytis
* klausytoja
* klausytojas

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “klausti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
# bumboat
## English
### Etymology

From Dutch bomschuit (“small fishing boat”) + boat.

### Noun

bumboat (plural bumboats)
* (nautical) A small boat used for carrying provisions to ships lying at anchor in a harbour.

#### Derived terms

* bumboater
# hinuhod
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* hinohor — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
* hinuhor — obsolete

### Etymology

From hin- +‎ tuhod (“knee”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /hiˈnuhod/ [hɪˈn̪uː.hod̪̚]
* Rhymes: -uhod
* Syllabification: hi‧nu‧hod

### Noun

hinuhod (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈᜓᜑᜓᜇ᜔)
* acquiescence; complacency; letting someone do as one wants (even if initially unwanted, to avoid more fuss or arguments)
    Synonyms: pagbigay, bigay, pabaya, haya
* (by extension) assent; allowing; permitting
    Synonyms: payag, sang-ayon

#### Derived terms

* ipahinuhod
* magpahinuhod
* magpahinuhuran
* mahinuhurin
* mapahinuhod
* pagpapahinuhod
* pahinuhod
* pahinuhuran
* pahinuhurin
* pumahinuhod

#### See also

* bahala ka
* konsenti

### Further reading

* “hinuhod”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “hinuhod”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* Zorc, David Paul (1982) Core Etymological Dictionary of Filipino: Part 3, page 159
# poliarquía
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πολυαρχία (poluarkhía), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “dominion, rule”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /poljaɾˈkia/ [po.ljaɾˈki.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: po‧liar‧quí‧a

### Noun

poliarquía f (plural poliarquías)
* polyarchy

#### Derived terms

* poliárquico

### Further reading

* “poliarquía”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# anha
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From the same root as dinha (“here”) and kana (“this”). Compare similar developments in anhi, ari, adto.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: an‧hà
* IPA: /ˈʔanhaʔ/ [ˈʔan̪.hɐʔ]

### Verb

anhà
* to go there (to a place near the listener)
    Synonym: ara
* to bring, put there; get from there (in a place near the listener)
    Anhaon ko na karong hapon ― I will get that this afternoon

#### Usage notes

* Some dialects use adto instead. See there for more.

#### Derived terms

* anha ko
* anha pa
* anhaan
* hianha
* kaanhaon
* moanha
# kumush
## Uzbek
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ (“silver”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁 (kümš /⁠kümüš⁠/, “silver”), Karachay-Balkar кюмюш (kümüş), Kumyk гюмюш (gümüş), Karakalpak gu'mis, Nogai куьмис (kümis), Kazakh күміс (kümıs), Southern Altai кӱмӱш (kümüš), Kyrgyz күмүш (kümüş), Shor кӱмӱш (kümüš), Khakas кӱмӱс (kümüs), Crimean Tatar kümüş, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Turkish gümüş, Uyghur كۈمۈش (kümüsh), Yakut көмүс (kömüs), etc.

### Noun

kumush (plural kumushlar)
* silver
# كستل
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian [Term?].

#### Noun

كستل • (küstel) (definite accusative كستلی (küsteli), plural كستللر (küsteller))
* dung beetle, dor, any of various beetles known for rolling dung into balls for use as food or as brooding chambers
    Synonyms: بوق بوجكی (bok böceği), خنفسا (hunfesâ)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: küstel

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “küstel”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2909
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “küstel”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 641
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كستل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1547

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

كستل • (kestel) (definite accusative كستلی (kesteli), plural كستللر (kesteller))
* Alternative spelling of قسطل (kastel, “castle, fortress, stronghold”)

#### Further reading

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كستل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1547
# রুই
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* রুহি (ruhi), রৌ (rōu), রহু (rohu)

### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia), from Sanskrit रोहित (rohita, literally “red”), named such due to the reddish fins and overtone of the scales.
* Assamese ৰৌ (rou)
* Bhojpuri रोहू (rōhū)
* Gujarati રોહુ (rohu)
* Hindi रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)
* Marathi रोही (rohī)
* Odia ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)
* Sylheti ꠞꠃ (rou)

### Noun

রুই • (rui)
* rohu fish, Labeo rohita

#### Derived terms

* বনরুই (bônrui, “pangolin”)
# ওড়না
## Bengali
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Bengali ওঢ়না (ōṛhona), from Old Bengali ওঢণা (oḍhaṇā), from Prakrit 𑀑𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀡 (ŏḍḍhaṇa, “scarf, cloak, veil”), from *𑀑𑀟𑁆𑀠𑁆- (*ŏḍḍh-, “to put on, wear clothes, cover”) + -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa, nominal suffix), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *uḍ-, or a related language. Doublet of ওড় (ōṛ, “pillowcase”) and উড়নি (uṛoni, “cloak”).
* Assamese উৰ (ur, “to put on”), ওৰণি (üroni), ওৰোণা (ürüna, “veil”)
* Awadhi ओढ़ना (oṛhnā, “mantle”)
* Bhojpuri ओढ़ना (ōṛhᵊnā, “mantle”)
* Gujarati ઓઢવું (oḍhavũ, “to put on”)
* Hindi ओढ़ना (oṛhnā, “to wear, cover”), ओढ़नी (oṛhnī, “shawl, veil”)
* Kannada ಉಡು (uḍu, “to wear”)
* Old Gujarati उढिउ (uḍhiu, “spread over”)
* Old Marwari औढइ (auḍhai, “covers”)
* Punjabi ਉਢਾਉਣਾ (uḍhāuṇā, “to cause to be worn”), ਓਢ੍ਣੀ (oḍhṇī, “veil”)
* Odia ଓଢ଼ିବା (oṛhibā, “to wear”)
* Tamil உடு (uṭu, “dress”)
* Telugu ఉడుపు (uḍupu, “dress”)

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /oɽna/, [ˈoɽnaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /oɽna/, [ˈoɽnaˑ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

ওড়না • (oṛna)
* (women's) scarf, cloak, veil

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*oḍḍh”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 124
# эгиг
## Khakas
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄ke- (“file”).
Cognate with Kazakh егеу (egeu), Uzbek egov, Chagatai [Cyrillic needed] (egew), Kyrgyz өгөө (ögöö), Tuvan эгээ (egee), Southern Altai эгӱ (egü), Tatar игәү (igäw), Karachay-Balkar егеу (yegeu), Bashkir игәү (igəw), Kumyk эгев (egew), Uyghur ekek, Nogai эгев (égev), Turkish eğe (“file”).

### Noun

эгиг • (egig)
* file (tool) (shors)

#### Related terms

* кірее (kìree)
# kindük
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | کیندۆک |

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kīndük

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kindyk/
* (Ahmadabad, Esfid, Khaltabad, Mehrzamin, Mushakiyeh, Sefidaleh, Vasheqan)IPA: [kʏndʏk]
* (Bagh-e Yek, Daghan, Qarah Su, Salafchegan, Seft, Seqer Juq, Shaneq, Zarnusheh)IPA: [kɪmdɪk]
* (Bon Chinar, Chahak, Darestan, Dermanak, Hasanabad, Hezarabad, Jerik Aghaj, Kacha-ye Chahardeh, Kardijan, Kharrab, Khvorakabad, Mansurabad, Mazraeh-ye Now, Mohsenabad, Mujan, Musaabad, Naderabad, Nowdeh, Qarah Su, Qorqor, Sadabad, Safarabad, Sarahrud, Sarband, Sefid Ab, Shah Qoli, Sorkh Deh, Varnavaj, Varsan, Vasheqan, Yengijeh, Zarnusheh, Zizgan)IPA: [kɪndɪk]
* (Feyzabad)IPA: [kɪndɪkʏm] (inflected form attested only)
* (Khaltabad)IPA: [kʏndʏ̜k]
* (Khaltabad, Talkh Ab)IPA: [kyndyk]
* (Kharrab)IPA: [kʏ̜ndɪ̹k], [kɪndɪ̹k], [kɪndɪk], [kʏ̜ndɪk]
* (Mansurabad)IPA: [kindikʰ], [kɪndik]
* (Mehrzamin)IPA: [ky̞ndʏk]
* (Mujan, Varsan)IPA: [kɪɾpɾɪk]
* (Nowdeh)IPA: [kɪndɪkʰ]
* (Salafchegan)IPA: [cʰɪmdɪk]
* (Sefid Ab)IPA: [kɪndi̞k]
* (Talkh Ab)IPA: [kʏmdʏk], [ky̞mdy̞k]
* (Varnavaj)IPA: [ki̞ndɪk]
* (Varnavaj)IPA: [kɪndɪkɪ] (inflected form attested only)

### Noun

kindük (definite accusative kindükü, plural kindüklər)
* navel
    Synonym: nâf

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
# qâş
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | قاش |

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kāĺ (“eyebrow; edge”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaːʃ/
* (Ahmadabad, Bagh-e Yek, Bon Chinar, Daghan, Hasanabad, Kacha-ye Chahardeh, Khaltabad, Mansurabad, Mazraeh-ye Now, Musaabad, Sarahrud, Sefid Ab, Sefidaleh, Seft, Seqer Juq, Shaneq, Sorkh Deh, Talkh Ab, Varnavaj, Varsan, Vasheqan, Yengijeh, Zarnusheh, Zizgan)IPA: [ɢɔ̞ːʃ]
* (Borzabad)IPA: [ɢɔʃ]
* (Chahak, Dermanak, Hezarabad, Khvorakabad, Mehrzamin, Mohsenabad, Mujan, Safarabad, Salafchegan, Sarband, Shah Qoli, Talkh Ab)IPA: [ɢɒːʃ]
* (Darestan, Mazraeh-ye Now, Mushakiyeh, Nowdeh)IPA: [ɢɒˑʃ]
* (Feyzabad)IPA: [ɢɑːʃʊm], [ɢɑˑʃɪ] (inflected forms attested only)
* (Jerik Aghaj)IPA: [qɑːʃ]
* (Kardijan)IPA: [qɔˑʃ]
* (Khaltabad, Mansurabad)IPA: [qoːʃ] (inflected form attested only)
* (Kharrab, Talkh Ab)IPA: [qɒːʃ] (inflected form attested only)
* (Kharrab)IPA: [qɑːɑ̯ʃ] (inflected form attested only)
* (Naderabad, Qarah Su, Qorqor)IPA: [qɔ̞ːʃ]
* (Qarah Su)IPA: [qaːa̯ʃ]
* (Sadabad, Varsan)IPA: [ɢɑːʃ]
* (Talkh Ab)IPA: [ɢ̥ɒːɒ̯ʃ]

### Noun

qâş (definite accusative qâşı, plural qâşlar)
* eyebrow

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN
# lâla
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | لالا |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لالا (lâlâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laːla/
* (Ahmadabad, Dermanak, Kacha-ye Chahardeh, Varsan) IPA: [lɑːlɑ]
* (Bagh-e Yek, Darestan, Kharrab, Mazraeh-ye Now, Musaabad, Naderabad, Sefidaleh, Seqer Juq, Varsan) IPA: [lɔ̞ːlɑ]
* (Bon Chinar, Hezarabad, Kharrab, Sadabad, Seft) IPA: [lɒːla]
* (Borzabad, Chahak, Mohsenabad, Mujan, Safarabad, Shah Qoli) IPA: [lɒːlɑ]
* (Chahak, Daghan, Kardijan, Khvorakabad, Qarah Su, Zarnusheh) IPA: [lɔ̞ːla]
* (Esfid, Kharrab, Qarah Su, Talkh Ab) IPA: [lɑːla]
* (Feyzabad) IPA: [lɒːlæ̞]
* (Nowdeh, Sarahrud) IPA: [lo̞ːlɑ]
* (Hasanabad, Khaltabad, Sarband, Sefid Ab, Sorkh Deh, Vasheqan) IPA: [lɔ̞ːlɒ]
* (Jerik Aghaj) IPA: [laːlɑ]
* (Mehrzamin, Mushakiyeh) IPA: [laːla]
* (Qorqor, Yengijeh) IPA: [lɒːlæ]
* (Shaneq) IPA: [lɔ̞ːlɜ]
* (Talkh Ab) IPA: [la(ˑ)la]
* (Varnavaj) IPA: [lɔ̞ːlɔ]

### Noun

lâla (definite accusative lâlañ, plural lâlalar)
* brother
    Synonym: dadâş

#### Derived terms

* bidük lâla (“older brother”)
* bəççə lâla (“younger brother”)
* köləmə lâla (“younger brother”)
* hər lâlası (“husband's brother-in-law”)
* kişi lâlası (“brother-in-law”)

### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
# nətîcə
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | نَتیجه |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian نتیجه (natije), from Arabic نَتِيجَة (natīja). For the sense of "great-grandchild", see Azerbaijani nəticə.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nætiːd͡ʒæ/
* (great-grandchild)
** (Ahmadabad, Bon Chinar, Daghan, Esfid, Feyzabad, Hezarabad, Kacha-ye Chahardeh, Kardijan, Khvorakabad, Mansurabad, Mazraeh-ye Now, Naderabad, Qorqor, Sadabad, Safarabad, Salafchegan, Seft, Seqer Juq, Varnavaj, Varsan, Zizgan) IPA: [næ̞tiːd͡ʒæ]
** (Bagh-e Yek, Qarah Su) IPA: [næ̞tiːd͡ʒæ̞]
** (Borzabad, Chahak, Dermanak, Hasanabad, Jerik Aghaj, Khaltabad, Mehrzamin, Mujan, Musaabad, Mushakiyeh, Sarahrud, Sarband, Sefid Ab, Shah Qoli, Qarah Su, Talkh Ab, Varsan, Vasheqan, Yengijeh, Zarnusheh) IPA: [nætiːd͡ʒæ]
** (Darestan) IPA: [næ̞ˈtiˑd͡ʒæ]
** (Kharrab) IPA: [nætiˑd͡ʒæ], [næ̞tiˑd͡ʒæ]
** (Mohsenabad) IPA: [næ̞tid͡ʒæ̞]
** (Nowdeh) IPA: [næ̞tiːd͡ʒ]
** (Sefidaleh) IPA: [næ̞tiːd͡ʒɛ]
** (Sorkh Deh) IPA: [nætiˑd͡ʒɛ]
* (success, result)
** (Kharrab) IPA: [nætiːd͡ʒæ]

### Noun

nətîcə (definite accusative nətîcəñ, plural nətîcələr)
* great-grandchild
    Synonym: nəbîrə
* success, result

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
# ciğər
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | جِگَر |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جگر (jegar), جیگر (jigar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒiʝæɾ/
* (Ahmadabad, Bagh-e Yek, Borzabad, Daghan, Dermanak, Hasanabad, Hezarabad, Jerik Aghaj, Kardijan, Khvorakabad, Mazraeh-ye Now, Mehrzamin, Mohsenabad, Mujan, Mushakiyeh, Qarah Su, Qorqor, Salafchegan, Sarahrud, Sefid Ab, Sefidaleh, Seqer Juq, Shah Qoli, Sorkh Deh, Talkh Ab, Varnavaj, Varsan, Vasheqan, Yengijeh, Zarnusheh) IPA: [d͡ʒiɡæɾ]
* (Bon Chinar, Chahak, Esfid, Khaltabad, Musaabad, Naderabad, Nowdeh, Safarabad, Seft, Shaneq, Varsan) IPA: [d͡ʒijæɾ]
* (Chahak, Darestan, Kacha-ye Chahardeh, Sadabad, Sarahrud, Zizgan) IPA: [d͡ʒi̞ɡæɾ]
* (Feyzabad) IPA: [d͡ʒi.æɾʏm] (inflected form attested only)}
* (Kharrab) IPA: [d͡ʒɪɡæɾ]
* (Talkh Ab) IPA: [d͡ʒiɡæ̞ɾ]

### Noun

ciğər (definite accusative ciğərü, plural ciğərlər)
* liver

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
# بوركجی
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

From بورك (börek, “pie, pastry”) +‎ ـجی (-ci, -cü, occupational suffix).

#### Noun

بوركجی • (börekci)
* pastry chef, piemaker, a baker specialized in making pastries, pies, patties and tarts

##### Derived terms

* بوركجیلك (börekcilik, “profession of a pastry chef”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: börekçi
* → Armenian: պէօրէքճի (pēōrēkʻči), ⇒ Պյորեքճյան (Pyorekʻčyan)

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “börekçi”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 676
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بوركجی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 284
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Artocrearum pistor”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 88
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوركچی”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 915
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوركجی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 395

### Etymology 2

From بورك (börk, “kind of conical cap”) +‎ ـجی (-ci, -cü, occupational suffix).

#### Noun

بوركجی • (börkcü)
* capper, a maker or seller of caps, especially conical hats made of felt

##### Descendants

* Turkish: börkçü

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “börkçü”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 677
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوركجی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 395
# વાણિયો
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Gujarati वाणीउ (vāṇīu), वाणीडु (vāṇīḍu), from Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀬 (vāṇiaya), from Sanskrit वाणिज (vāṇijá), from वणिज् (vaṇíj, “merchant, trader”).
Bengali বেনে (bene), Marwari बांणयों (bā̃ṇyõ), Hindustani بنیا / बनिया (baniyā), Konkani वाणि (vāṇi), Punjabi بانِیاں (bānīyāṉ) / ਬਾਣੀਆ (bāṇīā), and Sindhi واڻِيو (vaṇyo).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈʋɑ.ɳi.jo/
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: વા‧ણિ‧યો

### Noun

વાણિયો • (vāṇiyo) m
* Bania (a member of the Bania caste)
* (by extension, especially Hindu) merchant, trader
** 2007, Shamal Bhatt, Hasu Yajnik, Rūpāvatī, page 29:યોડું આગળ ચાલ્યો કે તળાવ આવ્યું ! એનાં કાંઠે બેઠેલો ઘરો વાણિયો બોલ્યો: હું બીજાપુરનો વહાણવટી વાણિયો છું પણ વાંઝિયો છું.yoḍũ āgaḷ cālyo ke taḷāv āvyũ ! enā̃ kā̃ṭhe beṭhelo gharo vāṇiyo bolyo: hũ bījāpurno vahāṇavṭī vāṇiyo chũ paṇ vā̃jhiyo chũ.As he walked further he came across a pond! The merchant sat on the bank and said: ‘I am Bijapur’s overseas merchant, yet I am unsuccessful.’
* dragonfly

#### Related terms

* વાણોતર (vāṇotar)

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: بُنْيَان (bunyān)
** → Swahili: baniani
** → Portuguese: baniano, baniane
*** → English: banyan
*** → Spanish: baniano

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vāṇijá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 670
# rûdə
## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | روده |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾuːdæ/
* (Bon Chinar, Darestan, Mansurabad, Mazraeh-ye Now, Mohsenabad, Mujan, Salafchegan, Zarnusheh)IPA: [ɾuːdæ]
* (Dermanak)IPA: [ɾuːdæj] (inflected form attested only)
* (Khaltabad)IPA: [ɾuˑdæ]
* (Kharrab)IPA: [ɾu̞ˑdæ]
* (Vasheqan)IPA: [ɾʊːdæ]

### Noun

rûdə (definite accusative rûdəñ, plural rûdələr)
* Alternative form of rûda (“bowels, guts”)

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1987) Lexik und Sprachgeographie des Chaladsch [Lexicon and Language Geography of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN