# -a-
## English
### Etymology 1

From of a (as in half-a-crown) or of (as in jack-a-napes from Middle English Jak of Naples). Some terms have fully incorporated the use, as ragamuffin and jackanape(s); others arise from mistaken assimilation to the form, as all-a-gog and cock-a-leekie.

#### Interfix

-a-
* Connective interfix used in forming compounds, often no longer carrying a distinct meaning.
    Synonym: o'

##### Derived terms

* cock-a-hoop
* cock-a-leekie
* half-a-crown
* jack-a-dandy
* jack-a-lantern
* Jack-a-Lent
* jack-a-napes, jackanape
* John-a-dreams
* ragamuffin

### Etymology 2

From earlier a (attested by the 14th c.), as a contraction of and and its various Middle English forms.

#### Conjunction

-a-
* And
    Synonyms: an', n'
** 1746, Exmoor Scolding, 3rd edition, section 81:Chem a laced well-a-fine aread

### Etymology 3

From French à (“various prepositions”) and related prepositions in other Romance languages. Also from related misunderstandings, as all-a-mort from French à la morte.

#### Alternative forms

* à, -à-

#### Infix

-a-
* Connective infix encountered in loanwords and phrases, generally no longer carrying a distinct meaning.

##### Derived terms

* all-a-mort
* mano-a-mano
* vis-a-vis

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Infix

-a-
* (chemistry) Replacing carbon, especially in a ring.

### Etymology 5

Clipping of rat.

#### Infix

-a-
* (pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat.

##### Related terms

* -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies

### References

* USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000

## Albanian
### Interfix

-a-
* An interfix, empty morph.

#### Derived terms
## Chichewa
### Infix

-a-
* Forms the past perfect tense in verbs.

#### Usage notes

This contrasts with the simple past, -na-/-da-, which does not imply completion.

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɒ]

### Interfix

-a-
* A suffix-initial vowel (or linking vowel) inserted interconsonantally between the word stem and the suffix, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning.
    ‎fiatal (“young”) + ‎-a- + -bb → ‎fiatalabb (“younger”)

### See also

* -á-
* -e-
* -o-
* -ö-

## Irish
### Etymology

Adapted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-).

### Interfix

-a-
* -o- (linking vowel between morphemes)

#### Derived terms
## Lushootseed
### Interfix

-a-
* intrinsic derivational suffix or meaningless lexical linking element

#### Derived terms
## Mohawk
### Interfix

-a-
* joiner vowel used in noun incorporation
* joiner vowel used when adding verb suffixes

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Derived from the earlier and Old Norse genitive suffixes -a and -ar used in compounds. Akin to -e-.

#### Interfix

-a-
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Interfix

-a-
* alternative form of -an-

## Romani
### Etymology

See -a.

### Interfix

-a-
* Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic feminine nouns

## Swahili
### Infix

-a-
* (dated) gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker
* present tense marker used in headlines
    Near-synonym: -na-
** 2023, Brian Ambani, “Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu”, in Taifa Leo‎, archived from the original on 21 July 2023:Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali NgumuThousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation

#### Conjugation

| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | na- | twa- |
| 2nd person | 2nd person | wa- | mwa- |
| 3rd person | m-wa$_{(I/II)}$ | a- | wa- |
| 3rd person | m-mi$_{(III/IV)}$ | wa- | ya- |
| 3rd person | ji-ma$_{(V/VI)}$ | la- | ya- |
| 3rd person | ki-vi$_{(VII/VIII)}$ | cha- | vya- |
| 3rd person | n$_{(IX/X)}$ | ya- | za- |
| 3rd person | u$_{(XI)}$ | wa- | see n$_{(X)}$ or ma$_{(VI)}$ |
| 3rd person | ku$_{(XV/XVII)}$ | kwa- | |
| 3rd person | pa$_{(XVI)}$ | pa- | |
| 3rd person | mu$_{(XVIII)}$ | mwa- | |
| For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs. ||||

### See also
## Swedish
### Etymology

* In most words from an old plural genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, e.g. gästabud (“feast, banquet”), from Old Swedish gæsta buþ, genitive plural of gæster (“guest”), modern Swedish gäst.
* In some words from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, -ar, from Old Norse -ar, e.g. dialectal veaträ (“log of wood”) from viþaträ, cf. Icelandic viðartré, standard Swedish vedträ.
* Occasionally from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, the oblique form of weak masculines.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Interfix

-a-
* (somewhat archaic or dialectal) Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds

#### Usage notes

* Found in some common words like åratal (“years”) and barnavård (“child care”), but elsewhere mostly common in archaic or literary words like bergatroll (“mountain troll”), fiskafänge (“fishing catch”), jordagods (“landed property”), jordafärd (“funeral procession”), nådatid (“period of grace, respite”), örtagård (“herb garden”), fåraherde (“shepherd”).
* More common in dialects, especially Göta and Southern dialects of Swedish, and therefore in words derived from those dialects, e.g. lealös (“loose-jointed”), nattamat (“nighttime snack”), ålagille (“eel party”), äggakaka (“egg cake”).

#### Derived terms

* bonna-

#### See also

* -e-

### References

* Teleman, Ulf; Hellberg, Staffan; Andersson, Erik & Holm, Lisa (1999). Svenska akademiens grammatik 2 Ord. Stockholm: Svenska akad.
* Wessén, Elias (1958). Svensk språkhistoria. 2, Ordbildningslära. 3. ed. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell