# 東風
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dōngfēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ fung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-fûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^1$ fung$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tang-hong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^1$ huang$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ton-fon$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongfong
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-fêng$^1$
*** Yale: dūng-fēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfeng
*** Palladius: дунфэн (dunfɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Yale: dūng fūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-fûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ fung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hong
*** Tâi-lô: tang-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: danghofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^1$ huang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang huang
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ton-fon$_1$
*** MiniDict: ton$^平$ fon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ton-fon$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tuwng pjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 東 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 方戎切 |
| Baxter | tuwng | pjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuŋ/ | /pɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuŋ/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuŋ/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwŋ/ | /puwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tuŋ/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tuŋ/ | /pĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuŋ/ | /pi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dōng | fēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^1$ | fung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ prəm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ plum/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 東 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dōng | fēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tuwng › | ‹ pjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*prəm/ |
| English | east | wind (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 東 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 2435 | 2921 |
| Phonetic component | 東 | 凡 |
| Rime group | 東 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 東 | 風 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːŋ/ | /*plum/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 | |

### Noun

東風
* easterly (a persistent wind from the east)
* (literary, poetic) spring wind
    From: 《早梅詩》
    dōngfēng pò zǎo méi, xiàng nuǎn yī zhī kāi [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figurative) favourable situation; momentum or driving force (e.g. of revolution)

#### Usage notes

This word is commonly used in naming things in Mainland China because of a quotation from Mao Zedong.

#### Synonyms

* (spring wind): 春風／春风 (chūnfēng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “easterly wind”): 西風／西风 (xīfēng), (literary, figurative) 終風／终风 (zhōngfēng)
* (antonym(s) of “spring wind”): 西風／西风 (xīfēng)
* (antonym(s) of “favourable situation”): 西風／西风 (xīfēng)

#### Derived terms

* 不是東風壓了西風，就是西風壓了東風 / 不是东风压了西风，就是西风压了东风
* 借東風 / 借东风
* 只欠東風 / 只欠东风
* 東風化雨 / 东风化雨 (dōngfēnghuàyǔ)
* 東風吹馬耳 / 东风吹马耳
* 東風壓倒西風 / 东风压倒西风
* 東風射馬耳 / 东风射马耳
* 諸葛亮借東風 / 诸葛亮借东风 (Zhūgě Liàng jiè dōngfēng)
* 馬耳東風 / 马耳东风 (mǎ'ěrdōngfēng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (tōfū)

### Proper noun

東風
* (～社區) Dongfeng (a residential community of Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)
* (～村) Dongfeng (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| こち ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
*⟨ko$_1$ti⟩ → */kʷoti/*⟨ko$_2$ti⟩ → */kəti/ → /kot͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
The final chi is cognate with the -te in 疾風 (hayate, “gale”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こち [kóꜜchì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

東風(こち) • (kochi)
* an easterly, wind blowing from the east

##### Derived terms

* 東風(こち)菜(な) (kochina)
* 東風(こち)の風(かぜ) (kochi no kaze)
* 東風(こち)吹(ふ)く風(かぜ) (kochi fuku kaze)
* 青(あお)東風(こち) (aokochi)
* 朝(あさ)東風(ごち) (asagochi)
* いなさ東風(ごち) (inasagochi)
* 北(きた)東風(ごち) (kitagochi)
* 強(つよ)東風(ごち) (tsuyogochi)
* 土(ど)用(よう)東風(こち) (doyō kochi)
* 星(ほし)の入(い)り東風(ごち) (hoshi no irigochi)
* 真(ま)東風(こち) (makochi)
* 南(みなみ)東風(ごち) (minamigochi)
* 夕(ゆう)東風(ごち) (yūgochi)

#### Proper noun

東風(こち) • (Kochi)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
Compound of 東風 (kochi, see above) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

#### Noun

東風(こちかぜ) • (kochikaze)
* an easterly, wind blowing from the east

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| ひがし Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 東 (higashi, “east”) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひがしかぜ [hìgáshíkázé] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ひがしかぜ [hìgáshíꜜkàzè] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [çiɡa̠ɕi̥ka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

東(ひがし)風(かぜ) • (higashikaze)
* an easterly, wind blowing from the east
    Antonym: 西風 (nishikaze)

#### Proper noun

東(ひがし)風(かぜ) • (Higashikaze)
* a surname

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| ひがし Grade: 2 | ふう Grade: 2 |
| jūbakoyomi ||
From 東 (higashi, “east”) +‎ 風 (fū, “style”).

#### Noun

東(ひがし)風(ふう) • (higashifū)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Antonym: 西風 (nishifū)

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| あずま Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 東 (azuma, “east”, archaic) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

#### Proper noun

東(あずま)風(かぜ) • (Azumakaze)
* a surname

### Etymology 6

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 風 |
| とう Grade: 2 | ふう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |
From Middle Chinese 東風 (MC tuwng pjuwng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーふう [tòófúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːɸɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

東(とう)風(ふう) • (tōfū)
* an easterly, wind blowing from the east
    Antonym: 西風 (seifū)
* spring winds
    Synonym: 春風 (harukaze)

##### Derived terms

* 熱(ねっ)帯(たい)東(とう)風(ふう) (nettai tōfū)
* 偏(へん)東(とう)風(ふう) (hentōfū)

##### Idioms

* 馬(ば)耳(じ)東(とう)風(ふう) (bajitōfū)

#### Proper noun

東(とう)風(ふう) • (Tōfū)
* a placename, especially Dongfeng in China

### See also

* あいの風(かぜ) (ai no kaze), あえの風(かぜ) (ae no kaze), both derived from Old Japanese 東風 (ayu)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Extension of verb 零ゆ (ayu, “scatter and fall”)?”

#### Noun

東風 (ayu) (kana あゆ)
* an easterly (wind blowing from the east)

##### Derived terms

* 東風の風 (ayu no$_2$ kaze)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: あいの風 (ai no kaze), あえの風 (ae no kaze)

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with pronoun こち (ko$_2$ti, “this way”)?”
The final ti is likely cognate with classical Japanese 疾風 (hayachi), modern 疾風 (hayate, “gale”).

#### Noun

東風 (*KOTI) (kana こち)
* an easterly (wind blowing from the east)

##### Derived terms

* 朝東風 (*asaGOTI)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 東風 (kochi)