# tunga
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teŋaq. Cognate with Malay tengah, Maori tonga.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tu‧nga
* IPA: /tuˈŋaʔ/ [t̪ʊˈŋaʔ]

### Adjective

tungâ
* half

### Noun

tungâ
* center; middle
** (geometry) the center of a circle
** (geometry) the center of a sphere
** the middle portion of something; the part well away from the edges
** (geometry) the point on a line that is midway between the ends
** (geometry) the point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume)
* (slang, euphemistic) vagina

### Verb

tungâ
* to split into halves
* to increase to halfway point
* to show up

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʰʊŋka/

### Noun

tunga f (genitive singular tungu, plural tungur)
* tongue (organ)
* mother tongue, language
* tongue of land in a stream
* the tongue of a shoe
* lemon sole (Microstomus kitt)

#### Declension
## Herero
### Verb

tunga
* to build

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʰuŋka/
* Rhymes: -uŋka

### Noun

tunga f (genitive singular tungu, nominative plural tungur)
* (anatomy) a tongue
* language
* the tongue of a shoe

#### Synonyms

* (language): tungumál, mál, sprok (archaic)

#### Derived terms

* tungumál
* tungulipur

## Kituba
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

### Verb

tunga
* to sew
* to build

## Kongo
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

### Verb

-tunga
* to sew
* to build

## Kuikúro
### Alternative forms

* tuŋá, tugá

### Noun

tunga
* water
** 2010, Ergativity in Amazonia, →ISBN:tunga heke leha ate-lü-ko lehawater ERG CMPL surround-PNCT-PL CMPLthe water surrounded them
** 2012, Languages of the Amazon, →ISBN:tuŋá-héke létʃa ate-lə-ko léhawater-ERG AP 3-encircle-PUNCTUAL-PL ASPThe water encircled them.

## Lingala
### Verb

-tunga (infinitive kotunga)
* to thin, to become thinner, to slim

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Causative: -tungisa

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* tungen

### Noun

tunga m or f
* definite feminine singular of tunge

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

tunga f (definite singular tunga, indefinite plural tunger or tungor, definite plural tungene or tungone)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of tunge
* definite singular of tunge

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Noun

tunga f
* tongue

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: tonge, tonghe
** Dutch: tong
*** Afrikaans: tong
*** Negerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung
**** → Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: tunk
*** →? Sranan Tongo: tongo
**** → Aukan: tongo
**** → Kwinti: tongo
**** → Saramaccan: tongò
** Limburgish: tóng

#### Further reading

* “tunga”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *dungu.

### Noun

tunga ?
* dung

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Noun

tunga f (genitive tungu, plural tungur)
* tongue
* language

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: tunga
* Faroese: tunga
* Norn: tunga
* Elfdalian: tungga
* Norwegian: tunge
* Old Swedish: tunga
** Swedish: tunga
* Old Danish: tungæ
** Danish: tunge
* Gutnish: tungge, tunggå, tungga

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “tunga”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* tunge

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Noun

tunga f
* tongue
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 3373-3374
    Tungon mīne, nū siu tēkan haƀad, uƀil arƀēdi, [Inwidrādo,] lēðaro sprāka.My tongue now has its sign, an evil effort, language of wicked plots.
* language

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: tunge
** German Low German: Tunge
** Plautdietsch: Tung

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ.

### Noun

tunga f
* tongue
* speech, language

#### Descendants

* Swedish: tunga

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Verb

-tûnga (infinitive gutûnga, perfective -tûnze)
* own, possess
* be wealthy
    Synonym: -kira
    Antonym: -kena

#### Derived terms

* ubutunzi
* umutunzi

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tunga (infinitive kutunga)
* to compose, to string together, to form matter
    kutunga mashairi ― to compose poems

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tunga :
| Positive present | -natunga |
| Subjunctive | -tunge |
| Negative | -tungi |
| Imperative singular | tunga |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutunga |
| Negative | kutotunga |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tunga |
| Plural | tungeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutunga |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litunga |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutunga |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatunga |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatunga |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -situnge |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetunga |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetunga |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitunga |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitunga |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metunga |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatunga |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatunga |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitunga |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotunga |
| Consecutive | katunga / positive subject concord + -katunga |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katunge |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Other formations: -tunga mimba (“to get pregnant”)
* Nominal derivations:
** mtungaji (“composer”)
** mtunzi (“composer”)
** utungo

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /²tɵŋa/, [²t̪ʰɵŋa]
* Rhymes: -²ɵŋa

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish tunga, from Old Norse tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

#### Noun

tunga c
* a tongue (organ)
* a tongue (flap in a shoe)
    Synonym: plös
* a language, speech
    De skatter som förvärvas genom falsk tunga, de äro en försvinnande dunst och hasta till döden.The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death. (Proverbs 21:6 – old bible translation with archaic language)

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | tunga | tungas |
| singular | definite | tungan | tungans |
| plural | indefinite | tungor | tungors |
| plural | definite | tungorna | tungornas |

##### Derived terms

* hålla tungan rätt i mun
* tala med kluven tunga (“speak with a forked tongue”)
* tala i tungor (“speak in tongues”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

tunga
* inflection of tung:
** definite singular
** plural

#### Noun

tunga c
* (archaic) weight (how heavy something is, from the adjective tung = heavy)
** a weight (for measuring weight with scales)
    Synonyms: tyngd, vikt
    Tyskland var då tungan på den europeiska jämviktens vågskål
       Germany was then the weight in the pan of the European balance
** a burden, a trouble
    Synonym: börda
** a duty, something one is forced to do or pay

### References

* tunga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tunga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tunga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

## Turkish

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Noun

tunga (definite accusative tungalar, plural tungayı)
* A sort of tiger.

#### Synonyms

* kaplan