# proud
## English
### Alternative forms

* prowd (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English proud, prout, prut, from Old English prūd, prūt (“proud, arrogant, haughty”) (compare Old English prȳtung (“pride”); prȳde, prȳte (“pride”)), probably from Old French prod, prud (“brave, gallant”) (modern French preux), from Late Latin prōde (“useful”), derived from Latin prōdesse (“to be of value”); however, the Old English umlaut derivatives prȳte, prȳtian, etc. suggest the word may be older and possibly native. Compare Old Norse prýði (“ornament; gallantry, bravery”). See also pride.
Cognate with German Low German praud, Old Norse prúðr (“gallant, brave, magnificent, stately, handsome, fine”) (Icelandic prúður, Middle Swedish prudh, Danish prud).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɹaʊd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʊd

### Adjective

proud (comparative prouder or more proud, superlative proudest or most proud)
* Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified.
    I am proud of Sivu’s schoolwork.
** 1984, 19:33 from the start, in Dune‎ (Science Fiction), spoken by Leto Atreides and Paul Atreides, →OCLC:LETO: Thufir Hawat has served House Atreides three generations. He swears you are the finest student he has ever taught. Yueh, Gurney and Duncan say the same. Makes me feel very proud. PAUL: I want you to be proud of me.
** 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Collector Base:Shepard: It's been a long journey, and no one's coming out without scars. But it all comes down to this moment. Shepard: We win or lose it all in the next few minutes. Make me proud. Make yourselves proud.
** That makes one feel proud (of something one did)
    That was not the proudest thing I did but I can’t deny it.
* Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth.
    I was too proud to apologise.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, “Justifiably Angry Young Man”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 93:I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because "it was wicked to dress us like charity children". We nearly crowned her we were so offended.
* (chiefly biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 16:5:Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord: though hand ioyne in hand, he ſhall not be vnpuniſhed.
** 1609 February–August (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “[Holy Sonnets] Sonnet VI [Death Be Not Proud]”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 35:Death be not proud; though ſome have called thee / Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not foe, [...]
** 1907, Hilaire Belloc, Cautionary Tales for Children, Godolphin Horne Who was cursed with the Sin of Pride, and Became a Boot-Black:Godolphin Horne was Nobly Born; / He held the human race in scorn, / And lived with all his sisters where / His father lived, in Berkeley Square. / And oh! The lad was deathly proud! / He never shook your hand or bowed, / But merely smirked and nodded thus: / How perfectly ridiculous! / Alas! That such Affected Tricks / Should flourish in a child of six!
* Generating a sense of pride; being a cause for pride.
    It was a proud day when we finally won the championship.
* (Of things) standing upwards as in the manner of a proud person; stately or majestic.
** 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 77:Norsus [...] walked between the lines of soldiers in their bronze armour; keen swords in their hands and proud plumes fluttering from their helmets.
* Standing out or raised; swollen.
    After it had healed, the scar tissue stood proud of his flesh.
    The weld was still a bit proud of the panel, so she ground it down flush.
* (obsolete) Brave, valiant; gallant.
* (obsolete) Excited by sexual desire; specifically of a female animal: in heat.

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:arrogant

#### Antonyms

* ashamed
* meek
* humble
* humiliated
* embarrassed

#### Derived terms

* color proud
* color-proud
* colour proud
* colour-proud
* do someone proud
* house proud
* house-proud
* overproud
* piss proud
* proud as a peacock
* proud as Lucifer
* proud as Punch
* proudfall
* proud flesh
* proud-hearted
* proud-heartedly
* proud-heartedness
* proudling
* proudly
* proudness
* proud-pied
* proud-stomached
* purse-proud
* winter-proud

#### Related terms

* pride
* prude
* prideful

#### Translations

Arabic: مَغْرُور (maḡrūr), فَخُور (faḵūr)
Bulgarian: високоме́рен (bg) (visokoméren)
Catalan: orgullós (ca), arrogant (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 傲然 (zh) (àorán), 驕傲 / 骄傲 (zh) (jiāo'ào)
Czech: pyšný (cs)
Dutch: trots (nl), fier (nl)
Egyptian: (qꜣ sꜣ)
Esperanto: fiera (eo)
Estonian: please add this translation if you can
Faroese: errin, erpin
Finnish: ylpeä (fi), koppava (fi), kopea (fi), ylimielinen (fi)
French: orgueilleux (fr)
Galician: orgulloso (gl), arrogante (gl)
Georgian: ამაყი (amaq̇i), ამპარტავანი (amṗarṭavani)
German: stolz (de)
Greek:
Ancient: γαῦρος (gaûros)
Hindi: घमंडी (hi) (ghamaṇḍī), अभिमानी (hi) (abhimānī), दंभी (hi) (dambhī)
Hungarian: dölyfös (hu), kevély (hu), felfuvalkodott (hu), gőgös (hu), önhitt (hu), elbizakodott (hu), öntelt (hu)
Ido: fiera (io)
Indonesian: sombong (id)
Irish: mórchúiseach, sotalach, postúil, uaibhreach
Italian: orgoglioso (it), fiero (it)
Japanese: 自慢の (ja) (じまんの, jiman no), 高慢な (ja) (こうまんな, kōman na), 傲慢な (ja) (ごうまんな, gōman na), 自信過剰な (じしんかじょうな, jishinkajō na), 傲然な (ごうぜんな, gōzen na)
Kazakh: тәкаппар (täkappar), менмен (menmen)
Khmer: កំអួក (km) (kɑmʼuək), ក្រអឺត (km) (krɑʼəɨt)
Latin: superbus (la), celsus
Latvian: lepns, augstprātīgs
Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
Malay: sombong (ms)
Maori: whakatamatama
Norwegian: stolt (no)
Old English: ofermōd
Ottoman Turkish: بورونلو (burunlu)
Persian: مغرور (fa) (mağrur), فنوده (fanude), خودبین (fa), بدبروت (bad-borut) (chiefly Dari)
Polish: dumny (pl) m, wyniosły (pl) m, zarozumiały (pl)
Portuguese: orgulhoso (pt), soberbo (pt)
Romanian: mândru (ro), orgolios (ro), îngâmfat (ro)
Russian: го́рдый (ru) (górdyj), зано́счивый (ru) (zanósčivyj), высокоме́рный (ru) (vysokomérnyj), надме́нный (ru) (nadménnyj), спеси́вый (ru) (spesívyj)
Scottish Gaelic: àrdanach, pròiseil, uaibhreach
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: го̑рд
Roman: gȏrd (sh)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: gjardy
Spanish: soberbio (es), soberbioso
Tajik: мағрур (tg) (maġrur)
Uzbek: magʻrur (uz)
Venetan: altièr, inpenà
West Frisian: rom, grutsk (fy) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* pour'd, pudor

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech prúd, from Proto-Slavic *prǭdъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprou̯t]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -out

### Noun

proud m inan (relational adjective proudový, diminutive proudek)
* current
* (electricity) current

#### Related terms

* proudící
* proudní
* proudný
* proudový
* protiproud
* proudeček
* proudění
* proudíček
* proudnice
* proudit
* po proudu
* proti proudu

### Further reading

* “proud”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “proud”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “proud”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* prud, prude, proude

### Etymology

From Old English prūd, prūt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pruːd/

### Adjective

proud
* haughty, arrogant

#### Descendants

* English: proud
* Scots: pruid, proud
* Yola: proud
* →? Middle Irish: bród
** Irish: bród
** Scottish Gaelic: bròd

#### References

* “prǒud, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English proud, from Old English prūd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pruːd/

### Adjective

proud
* proud
** 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:Proud Derouze,Proud Devereux.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 126