# 笛

| 笛 | U+7B1B, &#31515; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B1B |
| ← 笚 [U+7B1A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 笜 → [U+7B1C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 8860$_3$, composition ⿰𥫗由)

#### Derived characters

* 𬗺(𬙀), 𬧍, 𥶯, 𬕫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917
* Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7B1B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

### Etymology

Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dí (di$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): di$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ди (di, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dek$^6$ / dek$^{6-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): iak$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): liah$^7$ / tit$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tha̍k / thi̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tag$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dieh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): dĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ta̍t / ti̍h / tî / te̍k / tia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dag$^8$ / dig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$diq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dí
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dí
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^2$
*** Yale: dí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
*** Palladius: ди (di)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: di$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ди (di, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dek$^6$ / dek$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: dehk / dék
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dek$^9$ / dek$^{9-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dég$^6$ / dég$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛːk̚²/, /tɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: iak$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /iak̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: liah$^7$ / tit$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /liaʔ²/, /tʰit̚²/
* liah7 - vernacular;
* tit7 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit笛 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ti³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ti²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ti⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ti⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ti⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ti⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ti²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sz̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ti¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ti⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ti⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ti²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ti³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ti²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ti³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /tiʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tiəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tiəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /tiʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /tiəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /diɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /diəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /diəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /di²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tʰe¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ti²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ti²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liɑʔ²/ /tʰiʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰak̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tɛk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tɛk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tik̚⁵/ /tiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ti²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdak̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dek
Rime :
| Character | 笛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒歷切 |
| Baxter | dek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 笛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dek › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁiwk/ |
| English | flute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 笛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15537 |
| Phonetic component | 由 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荻 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

笛
* flute (Classifier: 支 mn-t)
* whistle
* (Hakka, Leizhou Min) suona

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 笛子, 橫笛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 笛子, 笛兒, 橫笛兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 笛子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 笛子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 笛兒, 笛, 笛子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 笛子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 笛子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 笛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 笛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 笛竿兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 笛子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 笛子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 笛子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 笛子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 笛子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 笛子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 笛, 簫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 笛, 笛子 Chinese |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 笛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 笛子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 笛仔 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 笛子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 笛仔, 笛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 橫簫 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 嗶嗶仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 橫簫 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 簫仔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 笛子, 笛, 梅 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 簫, 橫簫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 簫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 笛仔, 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 笛仔, 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 𥰔仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 笛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 笛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 笛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 笛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 笛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 笛子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 曲子 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嗩吶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嗩吶, 鼻兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嗩吶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 嗩吶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 樂人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嗩吶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 嗩吶子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 撒拉子, 哩哩吶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 嗩吶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 咪嗎, 嗩吶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲咑, 哬哚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 啲咑, 嗩吶 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 啲咑 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 啲咑 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 吹打, 嗩吶 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 喇叭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 喇叭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 哈噠 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 吹打 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 吹笛 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 笛, 啲咑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 笛仔, 笛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 嗒嘀 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 大親 |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jinyuan) | 咪咪 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 三號 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 啲嗒仔 soprano, 喇叭 alto or bass |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𫪦咑 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 噯仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 噯仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 嗒知嘟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 鼓手 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 笛 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 哬哚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嗩吶 |

### Compounds

* 一笛
* 叉手笛
* 口笛 (kǒudí)
* 向笛
* 吹笛
* 品笛
* 品簫弄笛 / 品箫弄笛
* 土笛
* 寒笛
* 山陽笛 / 山阳笛
* 崑笛 / 昆笛 (kūndí)
* 怨笛
* 悶笛 / 闷笛 (mēndí)
* 悲鄰笛 / 悲邻笛
* 排笛 (páidí)
* 擫笛 / 𢬍笛
* 新笛 (xīndí)
* 曲笛 (qǔdí)
* 朗笛
* 村笛
* 柯亭笛
* 柳笛 (liǔdí)
* 柯笛
* 桓伊笛
* 桓郎笛
* 梆笛 (bāngdí)
* 梅花笛
* 棚車鼓笛 / 棚车鼓笛
* 樵笛
* 橫笛 / 横笛 (héngdí)
* 武溪笛
* 汽笛 (qìdí)
* 海笛 (hǎidí)
* 漁笛 / 渔笛
* 潘笛 (pāndí)
* 牛笛
* 牛背笛
* 牧神之笛
* 牧童笛 (mùtóngdí)
* 牧笛 (mùdí)
* 玉笛
* 直笛 (zhídí)
* 短笛 (duǎndí)
* 竹笛
* 笛仔
* 笛子 (dízi)
* 笛工
* 笛床
* 笛律
* 笛材
* 笛步
* 笛竹
* 笳笛
* 笛簟
* 笙簫管笛 / 笙箫管笛
* 笛聲 / 笛声
* 笛膜 (dímó)
* 笛韻 / 笛韵
* 篠笛 / 筱笛
* 簫笛 / 箫笛
* 羌笛 (qiāngdí)
* 義嘴笛 / 义嘴笛
* 義觜笛 / 义觜笛
* 聞笛 / 闻笛
* 胡笛
* 腰笛
* 草笛
* 蘆笛 / 芦笛
* 蘄笛 / 蕲笛
* 調笛 / 调笛
* 警笛 (jǐngdí)
* 豎笛 / 竖笛 (shùdí)
* 邀笛步
* 鄰人笛 / 邻人笛
* 鄰家吹笛 / 邻家吹笛
* 鄰家笛 / 邻家笛
* 鄰笛 / 邻笛
* 鄰舍笛 / 邻舍笛
* 鐵笛 / 铁笛
* 長笛 / 长笛 (chángdí)
* 長笛鄰家 / 长笛邻家
* 陶笛 (táodí)
* 隴笛 / 陇笛
* 雅笛
* 霜笛
* 風笛 / 风笛 (fēngdí)
* 骨笛 (gǔdí)
* 魔笛
* 魚笛 / 鱼笛
* 鳴笛 / 鸣笛 (míngdí)
* 鳳笛 / 凤笛
* 鶴骨笛 / 鹤骨笛
* 鷹笛 / 鹰笛 (yīngdí)
* 鼓笛
* 鼓笛曲
* 鼻笛
* 龍笛 / 龙笛

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゃく (jaku)
* Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ちゃく (chaku)
* Kun: ふえ (fue, 笛, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 横(おう)笛(じゃく) (ōjaku)
* 横(よう)笛(じょう) (yōjō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 笛
* ふえ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/
From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふえ [fùé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟e̞]

#### Noun

笛(ふえ) • (fue)
* [from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
* [from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
* [from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
* a whistle such as that used by a referee
* [from 1910] a train whistle

##### Derived terms

* 笛烏(フエガラス) (fuegarasu)
* 霧(きり)笛(ぶえ) (kiribue)
* 草笛(くさぶえ) (kusabue)
* 口(くち)笛(ぶえ) (kuchibue)
* 簫(しょう)の笛(ふえ) (shō no fue)
* 縦(たて)笛(ぶえ) (tatebue)
* 角(つの)笛(ぶえ) (tsunobue)
* 横(よこ)笛(ぶえ) (yokobue)
* 牧(まき)笛(ぶえ) (makibue)

##### Idioms

* 笛(ふえ)吹(ふ)けども踊(おど)らず (fue fukedomo odorazu)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 笛
* てき Grade: 3
* goon
From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.
First cited to a text from the 1400s. This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てき [téꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [te̞kʲi]

#### Affix

笛(てき) • (teki)
* flute, whistle

##### Derived terms

* 横(おう)笛(てき) (ōteki)
* 汽(き)笛(てき) (kiteki)
* 銀(ぎん)笛(てき) (ginteki)
* 警(けい)笛(てき) (keiteki)
* 鼓(こ)笛(てき) (koteki)
* 牧(ぼく)笛(てき) (bokuteki)
* 魔(ま)笛(てき) (mateki)
* 霧(む)笛(てき) (muteki)

#### Noun

笛(てき) • (teki)
* [1400s–???] (music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 笛
* ちゃく Grade: 3
* kan'yōon
From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).
First cited to a text from 1241.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちゃく [cháꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

笛(ちゃく) • (chaku)
* [from 1241] (archaic, music) a flute, whistle

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

笛: Hán Nôm readings: địch, sáo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.