# κλάδος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *klə́dos, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥d-o-s (“piece of wood”), which is traditionally linked to *kelh₂- (“to break”). Often compared with Proto-Slavic *kòlda (“block, log”) and Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”). Beekes is skeptical enough of Indo-European origin and particularly the connection of the reconstructed root to *kelh₂- to suggest a Pre-Greek origin, though not skeptical enough to reject an Indo-European origin entirely.
Other potential cognates include Latin clādes, Old Irish caill, Macedonian клада (klada).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klá.dos/ → /ˈkla.ðos/ → /ˈkla.ðos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /klá.dos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkla.dos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkla.ðos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkla.ðos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkla.ðos/

### Noun

κλᾰ́δος • (klắdos) m (genitive κλᾰ́δου); second declension
* (botany) young slip or shoot of a tree, such as is broken off for grafting
* olive-branch which was wound round with wool and presented by suppliants
* laurel branches used in temples
* (anatomy) branch of a blood vessel
* (figuratively) arm

#### Inflection

The second declension is much more common, but the third is seen, especially in poetic works.

#### Derived terms

* κλαδεία (kladeía)
* κλαδεύματα (kladeúmata)
* κλάδευσις (kládeusis)
* κλαδευτέον (kladeutéon)
* κλαδευτήριον (kladeutḗrion)
* κλαδευτής (kladeutḗs)
* κλαδέω (kladéō)
* κλαδεών (kladeṓn)
* κλαδηφορέω (kladēphoréō)
* κλαδηφόρος (kladēphóros)
* κλάδινος (kládinos)
* κλάδιον (kládion)
* κλαδίσκος (kladískos)
* κλαδοειδής (kladoeidḗs)
* κλαδοτομέω (kladotoméō)
* κλαδοτομία (kladotomía)
* κλαδώδης (kladṓdēs)
* κλαδών (kladṓn)
* ὀλιγόκλαδος (oligóklados)
* πολύκλαδος (polúklados)

#### Descendants

* → English: clade
** → Czech: klad
** → Esperanto: klado
** → Estonian: klaad
** → Finnish: kladi
** → French: clade
** → Polish: klad
** → Portuguese: clado
** → Spanish: clado
* → Greek: κλάδος (kládos) (learned)
* → New Latin: cladus
** → English: cladus
** → Italian: clado

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλάδος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 708-9

### Further reading

* “κλάδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κλάδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κλάδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G2798 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* κλάδος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. bough idem, page 90.branch idem, page 93.olive idem, page 572.suppliant idem, page 840.
* “κλάδος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

Learnedly, borrowed from the Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos). The figurative and scientific senses, semantic loan from French branche and rameau. Also see the inherited doublets κλαδί (kladí) and κλαρί (klarí). Possibly related to ὀκλαδόν (okladón).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkla.ðos/
* Hyphenation: κλά‧δος

### Noun

κλάδος • (kládos) m (plural κλάδοι)
* (horticulture, formal) branch, bough
    Synonyms: κλαδί (kladí), κλαρί (klarí) (informal)
    Όλοι οι μεγάλοι κλάδοι που καταστρέφουν το σχήμα του δέντρου αφαιρούνται.Óloi oi megáloi kládoi pou katastréfoun to schíma tou déntrou afairoúntai.All the large branches that destroy the shape of the tree are removed.
* (figuratively) branch of organisation
* (biology) clade
* (domain) industry
    Ο τουριστικός κλάδος θα χρειαστεί χρόνο για να ανακάμψει.O touristikós kládos tha chreiasteí chróno gia na anakámpsei.The tourism industry will need time to recover.

#### Related terms

* ακλάδευτος (akládeftos, “unpruned”)
* άκλαδος (áklados, “unbranched; untrimmed”)
* ακλάδωτος (akládotos, “with branches - undamaged”)
* ακλάρωτος (aklárotos, “with branches - undamaged”)
* ανακλαδίζομαι (anakladízomai, “stretch, squat”)
* ανακλάδισμα n (anakládisma, “stretch”)
* διακλάδωση f (diakládosi, “division in branches”)
* δικακλαδίζομαι (dikakladízomai, “divide in branches”)
* κλάδα f (kláda, “large branch”)
* κλαδάκι (kladáki, “twig, twiglet”, adjective)
* κλάδεμα n (kládema, “pruning”)
* κλάδευμα n (kládevma, “pruning”)
* κλαδευτήρα f (kladeftíra, “pruning knife, bill-hook”)
* κλαδευτήρι n (kladeftíri, “secateurs, loppers”)
* κλαδευτής m (kladeftís, “pruner”)
* κλαδεύω (kladévo, “I prune”)
* κλαδί n (kladí, “branch, twig”)
* κλαδικός (kladikós, “cladic, sectoral”, adjective)
* κλαδώνω (kladóno, “to branch”)
* κλαδωτός (kladotós, “appliqued, sprigged”, adjective)
* κλαρί n (klarí, “branch, twig”)
* κυκλαδικός (kykladikós, “cycladic”)
* ματόκλαδο n (matóklado, “eyelash”)
* μετά βαΐων και κλάδων (metá vaḯon kai kládon)
* ξερόκλαδο n (xeróklado, “dead branch”)
* παρακλάδι n (parakládi, “offshoot”)
* περικοκλάδα f (perikokláda, “bindweed”)
* πολυκλαδικός (polykladikós, “multidisciplinary, multibranched”)
* χαμόκλαδο n (chamóklado, “understorey, undergrowth”)
* and see: κλαδεύω (kladévo, “to prune”) and κλαρί n (klarí, “branch, twig”)

### References

* ↑ κλάδος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language