# cambium
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkambɪəm/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/, /ˈkæm.biˌəm/
* Rhymes: -æmbiəm

### Noun

cambium (countable and uncountable, plural cambiums or cambia)
* (botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems.
    Coordinate term: meristem
** 1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree:During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].
* (anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones
* (obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147:
    The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]

#### Derived terms

* pericambium
* procambium

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

Internationalism; see English cambium.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cambium n (plural cambia)
* (botany) cambium
    Hypernym: meristeem

### Further reading

* cambium on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑ̃.bjɔm/

### Noun

cambium m (plural cambiums)
* cambium

### Further reading

* “cambium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Gaulish cambion, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).
Compare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.

### Pronunciation

* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkam.bi.um/, [ˈkämbium]

### Noun

cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension
* (Late Latin)$^?$ a change
* (Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* cambiō

#### Descendants

* → English: cambium
* → French: cambium
* Galician: cambio
* Italian: cambio
* Portuguese: câmbio
* → Spanish: cambio, cambium

### References

* cambium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cambium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Romanian
### Noun

cambium n (uncountable)
* Alternative form of cambiu

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.

### Noun

cambium m (plural cambiums)
* cambium

#### Related terms

* cambiar