# iva
## Anuta
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tikopia iva.

### Numeral

iva
* nine

### References

* Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin īva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈi.βə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈi.və]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈi.va]

### Noun

iva f (plural ives)
* southern bugle (Ajuga iva)

#### Derived terms

* iva borda

### Further reading

* “iva” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jivä, variant of *jüvä, from Proto-Finno-Permic *jewä, ultimately borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈivɑ/, [ˈivɑ]

### Noun

iva (genitive iva, partitive iva)
* grain
* gobbet

#### Declension
### Further reading

* iva in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “iva”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiːva/
* Rhymes: -iːva
* Hyphenation: iv‧a

### Noun

iva
* accusative singular of ivi
* dative singular of ivi
* genitive singular of ivi

### Anagrams

* avi

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unknown etymology. No cognates in closely related languages.
First attested in Daniel Juslenius: Suomalaisen Sana-Lugun Coetus ("Attempt at Listing Finnish Words", 1745).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiʋɑ/, [ˈiʋɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iʋɑ
* Hyphenation: iva

### Noun

iva
* ridicule, sarcasm, mockery, derision
* (rare) irony
    kohtalon iva ― the irony of fate

#### Declension

Possessive forms of iva (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ivani
ivani
accusative
nom.
ivani
ivani
gen.
ivani
genitive
ivani
ivojeni ivaini $^{rare}$
partitive
ivaani
ivojani
inessive
ivassani
ivoissani
elative
ivastani
ivoistani
illative
ivaani
ivoihini
adessive
ivallani
ivoillani
ablative
ivaltani
ivoiltani
allative
ivalleni
ivoilleni
essive
ivanani
ivoinani
translative
ivakseni
ivoikseni
abessive
ivattani
ivoittani
instructive
comitative
—ivoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ivasi
ivasi
accusative
nom.
ivasi
ivasi
gen.
ivasi
genitive
ivasi
ivojesi ivaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
ivaasi
ivojasi
inessive
ivassasi
ivoissasi
elative
ivastasi
ivoistasi
illative
ivaasi
ivoihisi
adessive
ivallasi
ivoillasi
ablative
ivaltasi
ivoiltasi
allative
ivallesi
ivoillesi
essive
ivanasi
ivoinasi
translative
ivaksesi
ivoiksesi
abessive
ivattasi
ivoittasi
instructive
comitative
—ivoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ivamme
ivamme
accusative
nom.
ivamme
ivamme
gen.
ivamme
genitive
ivamme
ivojemme ivaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
ivaamme
ivojamme
inessive
ivassamme
ivoissamme
elative
ivastamme
ivoistamme
illative
ivaamme
ivoihimme
adessive
ivallamme
ivoillamme
ablative
ivaltamme
ivoiltamme
allative
ivallemme
ivoillemme
essive
ivanamme
ivoinamme
translative
ivaksemme
ivoiksemme
abessive
ivattamme
ivoittamme
instructive
comitative
—ivoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ivanne
ivanne
accusative
nom.
ivanne
ivanne
gen.
ivanne
genitive
ivanne
ivojenne ivainne $^{rare}$
partitive
ivaanne
ivojanne
inessive
ivassanne
ivoissanne
elative
ivastanne
ivoistanne
illative
ivaanne
ivoihinne
adessive
ivallanne
ivoillanne
ablative
ivaltanne
ivoiltanne
allative
ivallenne
ivoillenne
essive
ivananne
ivoinanne
translative
ivaksenne
ivoiksenne
abessive
ivattanne
ivoittanne
instructive
comitative
—ivoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ivansa
ivansa
accusative
nom.
ivansa
ivansa
gen.
ivansa
genitive
ivansa
ivojensa ivainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
ivaansa
ivojaan ivojansa
inessive
ivassaan ivassansa
ivoissaan ivoissansa
elative
ivastaan ivastansa
ivoistaan ivoistansa
illative
ivaansa
ivoihinsa
adessive
ivallaan ivallansa
ivoillaan ivoillansa
ablative
ivaltaan ivaltansa
ivoiltaan ivoiltansa
allative
ivalleen ivallensa
ivoilleen ivoillensa
essive
ivanaan ivanansa
ivoinaan ivoinansa
translative
ivakseen ivaksensa
ivoikseen ivoiksensa
abessive
ivattaan ivattansa
ivoittaan ivoittansa
instructive
comitative
—ivoineen ivoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* ivallinen
* ivata
* itseiva
* ivahymy
* ivamukaelma
* ivanauru
* salaiva

### Further reading

* “iva”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* AVI, avi, vai, via

## Interlingua
### Verb

iva
* past of ir

## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* ijwa, ija, iwa (colloquial)

### Etymology

From Arabic إِي وَ (ʔī wa-, “yes, by...”), which is to be followed by someone or something to swear by. Common combinations are, for example, إِي وَٱللّٰه (ʔī wa-llāh, “yes, by God”) or إِي وَرَبِّي (ʔī wa-rabbī, “yes, by my Lord”). Eventually the following word was left out. Compare the same in Hijazi Arabic إِيوَه (ʔīwa) and similar forms in other dialects. The shift from w to v is irregular, and iva is perhaps the only inherited Maltese word with this phoneme.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiː.va/

### Interjection

iva
* yes
    Synonym: (colloquial) eħe

### See also

* forsi (“maybe”)
* le (“no”)

## Middle English
### Noun

iva
* Alternative form of fo

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀇𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* इव (Devanagari script)
* ইৰ (Bengali script)
* ඉව (Sinhalese script)
* ဣဝ or ဢိဝ (Burmese script)
* อิว or อิวะ (Thai script)
* ᩍᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ອິວ or ອິວະ (Lao script)
* ឥវ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄨𑅇 (Chakma script)
* va (Latin script)
* 𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* व (Devanagari script)
* ৰ (Bengali script)
* ව (Sinhalese script)
* ဝ (Burmese script)
* ว or วะ (Thai script)
* ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* ວ or ວະ (Lao script)
* វ (Khmer script)
* 𑅇 (Chakma script)
* 'va (Latin script)
* '𑀯 (Brahmi script)
* 'व (Devanagari script)
* 'ৰ (Bengali script)
* 'ව (Sinhalese script)
* 'ဝ (Burmese script)
* 'ว or 'วะ (Thai script)
* 'ᩅ (Tai Tham script)
* 'ວ or 'ວະ (Lao script)
* 'វ (Khmer script)
* '𑅇 (Chakma script)

### Particle

iva
* like, as

## Pukapukan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine
* ninth

### Further reading

* Te Pukamuna | Pukapuka Dictionary

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa. Cognates include Hawaiian iwa and Maori iwa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.va/
* Hyphenation: i‧va

### Numeral

iva
* nine

### References

* Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 172
* Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 147

## Rarotongan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine

## Romani
### Noun

iva
* nominative plural of iv

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* iua (Sursilvan)
* ieuva (Sutsilvan)
* üja (Puter)
* uia (Vallader)

### Etymology

From Latin ūva.

### Noun

iva f (plural ivas)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran) grape

#### Derived terms

* ivetta (“raisin”)

## Samoan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǐːʋa/
* Hyphenation: i‧va

### Noun

íva f (Cyrillic spelling и́ва)
* osier

#### Declension
### References

* “iva”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## South Marquesan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-iva (infinitive kuiva)
* to be ripened (e.g. of fruit)
* to be cooked and ready to be eaten (of a meal)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -iva :
| Positive present | -naiva |
| Subjunctive | -ive |
| Negative | -ivi |
| Imperative singular | iva |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuiva |
| Negative | kutoiva |
Imperatives :
| Singular | iva |
| Plural | iveni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huiva |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liiva |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuiva |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taiva |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taiva |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siive |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeiva |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeiva |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliiva |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliiva |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meiva |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaiva |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaiva |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiiva |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoiva |
| Consecutive | kaiva / positive subject concord + -kaiva |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaive |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Causative: -ivisha

## Tahitian
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine
    nā taʻata/tā’ata e iva ― five people

#### Derived terms

* iva ʻahuru

## Tokelauan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa. Cognates include Hawaiian iwa and Samoan iva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈi.va]
* Hyphenation: i‧va

### Verb

iva
* (stative) to be nine

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 32

## Tuvaluan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Oceanic *hiwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.

### Numeral

iva
* nine

## Zulu
### Etymology

Cognate with Northern Ndebele iliva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /íːva/

### Noun

ī́va class 5 (plural améva class 6)
* thorn

#### Inflection

Class 5/6 :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Full form | iva | ameva |
| Locative | eveni | emeveni |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| Full form | iva | iva | ameva | ameva |
| Simple form | liva | liva | meva | meva |
| Locative | eveni | eveni | emeveni | emeveni |
| Copulative | yiva | yiva | ngameva | ngameva |
| Possessive forms |||||
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | Modifier | Substantive | Modifier | Substantive |
| Class 1 | weva | oweva | wameva | owameva |
| Class 2 | beva | abeva | bameva | abameva |
| Class 3 | weva | oweva | wameva | owameva |
| Class 4 | yeva | eyeva | yameva | eyameva |
| Class 5 | leva | eleva | lameva | elameva |
| Class 6 | eva | aweva | ameva | awameva |
| Class 7 | seva | eseva | sameva | esameva |
| Class 8 | zeva | ezeva | zameva | ezameva |
| Class 9 | yeva | eyeva | yameva | eyameva |
| Class 10 | zeva | ezeva | zameva | ezameva |
| Class 11 | lweva | olweva | lwameva | olwameva |
| Class 14 | beva | obeva | bameva | obameva |
| Class 15 | kweva | okweva | kwameva | okwameva |
| Class 17 | kweva | okweva | kwameva | okwameva |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-iva”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-iva (3.2.9)”