# 炭素
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 炭(たん)素(そ) (tanso).

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thòaⁿ-sò͘
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: thuànn-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvoarsox
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

### Noun

炭素
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) carbon
    From: 1926, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 酒佮健康 (Chiú kap Kiān-khong)
    Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, i ê sêng-hun sī Thàn-sò͘, Chúi-sò͘, Sng-sò͘, Chek-sò͘, i ê lō͘-ēng sī ōe hō͘ lâng ê seng-khu tit-tio̍h sè-le̍k, iā sī hō͘ sè-pau ke-thiⁿ sin--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Protein: its composition is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; it is used to give energy to the human body and to regenerate cells.

#### Synonyms

* 碳 (tàn)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “炭素”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 428

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 炭 | 素 |
| たん Grade: 3 | そ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Etymology

Compound of 炭 (tan, “coal”) +‎ 素 (so, “element”), calque of Dutch koolstof (literally “coal stuff”), from German Kohlenstoff. Compare also Luxembourgish Kuelestoff, Danish kulstof. Coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1834 in his book 遠西医方名物考補遺 (“炭素”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たんそ [táꜜǹsò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [tã̠ɰ̃so̞]

### Noun

炭(たん)素(そ) • (tanso)
* carbon (chemical element)
    Synonym: カーボン (kābon)

#### Derived terms

* 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (issanka tanso, “carbon monoxide”)
* 一(いっ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)中(ちゅう)毒(どく) (issanka tanso chūdoku, “carbon monoxide poisoning”)
* 二(に)硫(りゅう)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (niryūka tanso, “carbon disulfide”)
* 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (nisanka tanso, “carbon dioxide”)
* 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)削(さく)減(げん)目(もく)標(ひょう) (nisanka tanso sakugen mokuhyō, “CO$_2$ reduction goal”)
* 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)削(さく)減(げん)義(ざ)務(む) (nisanka tanso sakugen zamu, “carbon dioxide reduction obligation”)
* 二(に)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ)排(はい)出(しゅつ)権(けん) (nisanka tanso haishutsuken, “right to emit carbon dioxide”)
* 含(がん)水(すい)炭(たん)素(そ) (gansui tanso, “carbohydrate”)
* 四(し)塩(えん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (shienka tanso, “carbon tetrachloride”)
* 放(ほう)射(しゃ)性(せい)炭(たん)素(そ) (hōshasei tanso, “radiocarbon”)
* 放(ほう)射(しゃ)性(せい)炭(たん)素(そ)年(ねん)代(だい)測(そく)定(てい) (hōshasei tanso nendai sokutei, “radiocarbon dating”)
* 次(じ)酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (jisanka tanso, “carbon suboxide”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ )14(じゅうし) (tanso jūshi, “carbon-14”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ )14(じゅうし)法( ほう) (tanso jūshi hō, “carbon-14 dating”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)クレジット (tanso kurejitto, “carbon credit”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)中(ちゅう)立(りつ) (tanso chūritsu, “carbon-neutral”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)化(か)合(ごう)物(ぶつ) (tanso kagōbutsu, “carbon compounds”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)税(ぜい) (tansozei, “carbon tax”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)繊(せん)維(い) (tanso sen'i, “carbon fiber”)
* 炭(たん)素(そ)鋼(こう) (tansokō, “carbon steel”)
* 無(む)定(てい)形(けい)炭(たん)素(そ) (muteikei tanso, “amorphous carbon”)
* 酸(さん)化(か)炭(たん)素(そ) (sanka tanso, “oxide of carbon”)
* 高(こう)炭(たん)素(そ)鋼(こう) (kōtansokō, “high-carbon steel”)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 탄소 (tanso)
* → Min Nan: 炭素 (thòaⁿ-sò͘)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 炭 | 素 |

### Noun

炭素 • (tanso) (hangeul 탄소)
* hanja form of 탄소 (“carbon”)