# 余り
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 余
* あま Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 餘り (kyūjitai)

### Alternative forms

* (adverb):
** (informal, clipping) あんま (anma)

### Etymology

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 余る (amaru, “to be left over, to be in excess”). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Also encountered with geminate reading あんまり (anmari) as an emphatic form for the adjective and adverb uses. This form appears in the 1400s.

### Pronunciation

Noun, adjective:
* (Tokyo) あまり [àmáríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠ma̠ɾʲi]
Emphatic adjective:
* (Tokyo) あんまり [àńmáríꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
* IPA: [ã̠mːa̠ɾʲi]
Adverb:
* (Tokyo) あまり [àmárí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ma̠ɾʲi]
Emphatic adverb:
* (Tokyo) あんまり [àńmárí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ã̠mːa̠ɾʲi]

### Adjective

余(あま)り or 余(あんま)り • (amari or anmari) -na (adnominal 余(あま)りな (amari na), adverbial 余(あま)りに (amari ni))
* excessive, extreme
* terrible, awful

#### Usage notes

This is used both as a -na adjective with the な (na) attributive particle, and as an attributive noun followed by の (no).

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 余りだろ | あまりだろ | amari daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 余りで | あまりで | amari de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 余りだ | あまりだ | amari da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 余りな | あまりな | amari na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 余りなら | あまりなら | amari nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 余りであれ | あまりであれ | amari de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 余りではない 余りじゃない | あまりではない あまりじゃない | amari de wa nai amari ja nai |
| Informal past | 余りだった | あまりだった | amari datta |
| Informal negative past | 余りではなかった 余りじゃなかった | あまりではなかった あまりじゃなかった | amari de wa nakatta amari ja nakatta |
| Formal | 余りです | あまりです | amari desu |
| Formal negative | 余りではありません 余りじゃありません | あまりではありません あまりじゃありません | amari de wa arimasen amari ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 余りでした | あまりでした | amari deshita |
| Formal negative past | 余りではありませんでした 余りじゃありませんでした | あまりではありませんでした あまりじゃありませんでした | amari de wa arimasen deshita amari ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 余りで | あまりで | amari de |
| Conditional | 余りなら（ば） | あまりなら（ば） | amari nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 余りだったら | あまりだったら | amari dattara |
| Volitional | 余りだろう | あまりだろう | amari darō |
| Adverbial | 余りに | あまりに | amari ni |
| Degree | 余りさ | あまりさ | amarisa |

### Adverb

余(あま)り or 余(あんま)り • (amari or anmari)
* (chiefly in the negative) often, much, excessively
    Antonym: 時々 (tokidoki, “sometimes, at times, occasionally”)
    西(にし)村(むら)さんは朝(あさ)ご飯(はん)をあまり食(た)べません。
       Nishimura-san wa asagohan o amari tabemasen.
       Nishimura does not eat breakfast very often.
    見(み)た目(め)はあんまりですが、 […]
       Mitame wa anmari desu ga, […]
       The appearance is not very [impressive], but […]
** 2009, けいおん！
    「あんまりうまくないですね！」
       “Anmari umakunai desu ne!”
       "You guys are not very good, are you?"

#### Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

#### See also

* よく (yoku): frequently; often
* 全(ぜん)然(ぜん) (zenzen): totally, completely, entirely

### Noun

余(あま)り • (amari)
* remainder
    Synonym: 余分 (yobun)
* (somewhat literary) an abundance of something, an excess of something
    嬉(うれ)しさの余(あま)りに泣(な)いてしまう
       ureshisa no amari ni naite shimau
       to cry from an excess of happiness
    好(す)きすぎるあまり
       sukisugiru amari
       liking [something] so, so much

#### See also

* 余(よ)剰(じょう) (yojō)
* 剰(じょう)余(よ) (jōyo)

### Suffix

余(あま)り • (-amari)
* used after a numeral to express “a little more than”
    二(に)十(じゅう)余(あま)りの建(たて)物(もの)
       nijū amari no tatemono
       twenty-odd buildings, twenty-some buildings
* (archaic) Used to connect numerals: and
    はづきとおかあまりいつか(a native reading of 八月十五日, which is today read as はちがつじゅうごにち (hachigatsu jūgonichi) for “August 15th”)
       hazuki tōka amari itsuka
       the 15th day of the 8th month [lit. eighth-month ten-days and five-days]

#### Usage notes

* The word is used to connect native Japanese numerals (ひとつ, ふたつ etc.) into numbers, e.g. 'ten' and 'five' into 'fifteen' rather than 'ten, five'. It is not used when counting in Chinese numerals (いち, に etc.).

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN