# 海老
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎilǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^2$ lou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎilǎo [Phonetic: háilǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎilǎo
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^3$-lao$^3$
*** Yale: hǎi-lǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haelao
*** Palladius: хайлао (xajlao)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Yale: hói lóuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵ lou̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: xojX lawX
Rime :
| Character | 海 | 老 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼改切 | 盧晧切 |
| Baxter | xojX | lawX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʌi$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /həi$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɒi$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həj$^X$/ | /law$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xᴀi$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɒi$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑ̆i$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hǎi | lǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^2$ | lou$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ C.rˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmlɯːʔ ruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 海 | 老 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hǎi | lǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xoj$^X$ › | ‹ law$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > x-) | /*C.rˁuʔ/ |
| English | sea | old |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 海 | 老 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9283 | 7666 |
| Phonetic component | 母 | 老 |
| Rime group | 之 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 海 | 老 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmlɯːʔ/ | /*ruːʔ/ |

### Verb

海老
* (literary, of a sea) to dry up (Should we delete this sense?)

### Noun

海老
* (obsolete) alcohol

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 老 |
| えび ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 海老 (kyūjitai) 蝦 鰕 魵
/jepi/ → /jebi/ → /ebi/
Possibly from Old Japanese, first attested in the Honzō Wamyō (918 CE).
Ultimate derivation unclear, with theories including:
* Shift in meaning from ebi, ancient reading of modern 葡萄 (budō, “grape”), from a resemblance in color
* Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 良い (ei, “good”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance
* Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 江 (e, “inlet, bay”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance
Appears as Yebi in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man. See the kairō reading below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えび [èbí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [e̞bʲi]

#### Noun

海老(えび) or 海老(エビ) • (ebi)
* any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
** a crayfish
    Hyponyms: 蝲蛄 (zarigani), 蝉海老 (semiebi)
** a lobster
    Synonyms: ロブスター (robusutā), オマール (omāru)
    Hyponym: 海蝲蛄 (umi zarigani)
** a prawn
    Synonym: プローン (purōn)
    Hyponyms: 車海老 (kuruma-ebi), 大正海老 (Taishō ebi)
** a shrimp
    Synonym: シュリンプ (shurinpu)
* Short for 海老錠 (ebijō): a padlock
* a type of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with an ebi motif

##### Usage notes

This term is more generic than the English glosses. Where necessary, the meaning can be clarified by indicating type or size:
* 小(こ)海老(えび) (koebi): shrimp, literally “small ebi”
* 伊(い)勢(せ)海老(えび) (Ise ebi): spiny lobster (without big claws, unlike the North American lobster)

##### Derived terms

* 海老(えび)上(あが)り, 海老(えび)上(あ)がり (ebi agari)
* 海老(エビ)芋(イモ) (ebīmo)
* 海老尾(えびお) (ebio)
* 海老(えび)型(がた) (ebigata)
* 海老(えび)固(がた)め (ebi-gatame)
* 海老(えび)カツ (ebi katsu)
* 海老(エビ)蟹(ガニ) (ebigani)
* 海老(えび)虹梁(こうりょう) (ebi kōryō)
* 海老(エビ)蟋蟀(コオロギ) (ebi kōrogi)
* 海老(えび)腰(ごし) (ebigoshi)
* 海老(えび)鞘巻(さやまき) (ebi sayamaki)
* 海老(エビ)雑魚(ジャコ) (ebijako)
* 海老(えび)錠(じょう) (ebijō)
* 海老責(えびぜ)め (ebizeme)
* 海老(えび)煎餅(せんべい) (ebi senbei)
* 海老(えび)素麺(そうめん) (ebi sōmen)
* 海老(えび)反(ぞ)り (ebizori)
* 海老(えび)茶(ちゃ) (ebicha)
* 海老(えび)チリ (ebi chiri)
* 海老(えび)束(づか) (ebizuka)
* 海老名(えびな) (Ebina)
* 海老根(エビネ) (ebine)
* 海老手(えびで)の人参(にんじん) (ebi-de no ninjin)
* 海老(えび)の尻尾(しっぽ) (ebi no shippo)
* 海老(えび)原(はら) (Ebihara)
* 海老(えび)フライ (ebi furai)
* 海老藻(エビモ) (ebimo)
* 海老(えび)マヨ (ebi mayo)
* 赤(アカ)海老(エビ) (akaebi)
* 甘(アマ)海老(エビ) (amaebi)
* 伊勢(イセ)海老(エビ) (Ise ebi)
* 牛(うし)海老(えび) (ushiebi)
* 団扇(ウチワ)海老(エビ) (uchiwa ebi)
* 乙姫(オトヒメ)海老(エビ) (otohime ebi)
* オマール海老(えび) (omāru ebi)
* 飾(かざ)り海老(えび) (kazari ebi)
* 兜(カブト)海老(エビ) (kabuto ebi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)海老(えび) (Kamakura ebi)
* 川(かわ)海老(えび) (kawa ebi)
* 熊(クマ)海老(エビ) (kumaebi)
* 車(クルマ)海老(エビ) (kuruma-ebi)
* 高麗(コウライ)海老(エビ) (Kōrai ebi)
* 小(こ)海老(えび) (koebi)
* 五(ゴ)色(シキ)海老(エビ) (goshiki ebi)
* 小衝(こづ)き海老(えび) (kozuki ebi)
* 桜(サクラ)海老(エビ) (sakura ebi)
* 猿(サル)海老(エビ) (saruebi)
* 芝(シバ)海老(エビ) (shibaebi)
* 猩猩(ショウジョウ)海老(エビ) (shōjō ebi)
* 条(スジ)海老(エビ) (sujiebi)
* 蝉(セミ)海老(エビ) (semiebi)
* 草(ゾウ)履(リ)海老(エビ) (zōri ebi)
* 大(タイ)正(ショウ)海老(エビ) (Taishō ebi)
* 杖突(ツエツキ)海老(エビ) (tsuetsuki ebi)
* 手(テ)長(ナガ)海老(エビ) (tenaga ebi)
* 鉄砲(テッポウ)海老(エビ) (teppō ebi)
* 同穴(ドウケツ)海老(エビ) (dōketsu ebi)
* 富(ト)山(ヤマ)海老(エビ) (Toyama ebi)
* 虎(トラ)海老(エビ) (toraebi)
* 錦(ニシキ)海老(エビ) (nishiki ebi)
* 糠(ヌカ)海老(エビ) (nukaebi)
* 沼(ヌマ)海老(エビ) (numaebi)
* 箱(ハコ)海老(エビ) (hakoebi)
* バナメイ海老(エビ) (banamei ebi)
* 豊年(ホウネン)海老(エビ) (hōnen ebi)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)海老(エビ) (botan ebi)
* 北海(ホッカイ)海老(エビ) (hokkai ebi)
* 干(ほ)し海老(えび), 乾(ほ)し海老(えび) (hoshi ebi)
* 剥(む)き海老(えび) (muki ebi)
* 藻海老(モエビ) (moebi)
* 茹(ゆ)で海老(えび) (yudeebi)
* 葦(ヨシ)海老(エビ) (yoshiebi)
* 横(ヨコ)海老(エビ) (yokoebi)

##### Idioms

* 海老(えび)で鯛(たい)を釣(つ)る (ebi de tai o tsuru), 海老(えび)鯛(たい) (ebitai), “throw a sprat to catch a mackerel”
* 海老(えび)の鯛(たい)交(ま)じり (ebi no tai majiri), something insignificant among great things

##### Proverbs

* 鱧(はも)も一(いち)期(ご)、海老(えび)も一(いち)期(ご) (hamo mo ichigo, ebi mo ichigo)

#### Proper noun

海老(えび) • (Ebi)
* a place name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 老 |
| かい Grade: 2 | ろう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海老 (kyūjitai)
*/kairau/ → /kairɔː/ → /kairoː/
Probably a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”) + 老 (rō, “elder, old person”), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man.
Appears as Cairǒ in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいろー [kàíróó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iɾo̞ː]

#### Noun

海(かい)老(ろう) • (kairō)
* any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
** a crayfish
** a lobster
** a prawn
** a shrimp

##### Usage notes

This reading is less common than ebi above.

##### Derived terms

* 海老(かいろう)尾(び) (kairōbi)

#### Proper noun

海(かい)老(ろう) • (Kairō)
* a place name

### References

* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here