# ջնարակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /d͡ʒənɑˈɾɑk/, [d͡ʒənɑɾɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃənɑˈɾɑɡ/, [t͡ʃʰənɑɾɑ́ɡ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ջնարակ • (ǰnarak)
* glaze (coating on pottery)
    Synonym: (dialectal) սըռ (səṙ)
* glaze (edible coating applied to food)

#### Derived terms

* անջնարակ (anǰnarak)
* ջնարակել (ǰnarakel)
* ջնարակիչ (ǰnarakičʻ)
* ջնարակվել (ǰnarakvel)
* ջնարակում (ǰnarakum)

## Middle Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ճնարակ (čnarak), չնարակ (čʻnarak), չնարէկ (čʻnarēk)

### Etymology

The origin is unknown.
Possibly related to the synonymous Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē) and together with it borrowed from an unidentified third source.

### Noun

ջնարակ • (ǰnarak)
* red sulphide of arsenic: sandarac, realgar or red orpiment
** 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :սանդրաքնէ (var. սանթրագնէ, սանթրակնէ, սանթրանգէ) = ջնարակ (var. ջնատրակ, ճարակ)։sandrakʻnē (var. santʻragnē, santʻraknē, santʻrangē) = ǰnarak (var. ǰnatrak, čarak).σανδαράκη (sandarákē) = ǰnarak
** 10th–13th centuries, Gagik-Hetʻumyan bžškaran [The Gagik–Hetoumian Medical Book] :Լեպէդիս, քաղկու, ճնարակ, միաչաք արա եւ մանրէ, մեղրով եւ քացխով յարո եւ ռէճնիշ արա, եւ կամ զդեղդ ցամաք ի ներս փչէ։Lepēdis, kʻaġku, čnarak, miačʻakʻ ara ew manrē, meġrov ew kʻacʻxov yaro ew ṙēčniš ara, ew kam zdeġd cʻamakʻ i ners pʻčʻē.λεπιδόχαλκος (lepidókhalkos), čnarak […]
** (Matenadaran manuscript no. 551) :Կամ ճնարակն որ է քարէ զարեկն խառնէ ի ներս ձուի դեղնուցով յարեայ և գրէ։Kam čnarakn or ē kʻarē zarekn xaṙnē i ners jui deġnucʻov yareay ew grē.Translation by Ašxen HarutʻyunyanИли сандарак (?), который называется каменный мышьяк, смешай с желтком, растирай и пиши.
** 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses] :Չնարակ· որ է կարմիր զառիկն․ յիշած ի վերայ զային իր համարն:Čʻnarak· or ē karmir zaṙikn; yišac i veray zayin ir hamarn:Čʻnarak = Is the red զառիկ (zaṙik). It is mentioned under "Z" under its number.
** 1614 – 1622, Asar Sebastacʻi, Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti [Book of Medical Art] :Չնարակ, որ է կարմիր զառիկն, որ է զռնեխն։Čʻnarak, or ē karmir zaṙikn, or ē zṙnexn.

#### Usage notes

The senses "a kind of tree resin" and "a kind of nettle" found in some dictionaries are spurious.

#### Derived terms

* ճնարակագոյն (čnarakagoyn)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: ջնարակ (ǰnarak) (learned)

### See also

* զառիկ (zaṙik)

### References

* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen‎, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 98
* ↑ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1925) Kʻnnadatutʻiwn Haybusaki [A Critique of Haybusak] (Azgayin matenadaran; 109) (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 16–17
* ↑ Harutʻyunyan, A. X. (1963) Nerkeri ew tʻanakʻneri gorcacutʻyunə hin haykakan jeṙagrerum [The use of paints and inks in ancient Armenian manuscripts]‎, Yerevan, § 43, pages 40–41
* ↑ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi]‎, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 2615, page 443
* ↑ Vardanjan, Stella (1990) Амирдовлат Амасиаци, Ненужное для неучей (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, § 2288, pages 357, 729
* ↑ Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.) [Book of Medical Art (16–17th cc.)]‎, preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 256

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ջնարակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 129ab
* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “ճնարակ կամ ջնարակ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 1889, page 404
* Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.) [Book of Medical Art (16–17th cc.)]‎, preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 376
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “ջնարակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 674c
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “ջնարակագոյն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 674c
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 232
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ջնարակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 653a
* Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 1905, page 130
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “ջնարակ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 670b
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “չնարակ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 629
* Musheghian, Armen (2000) Essays on History of the Armenian Language. Volume One (Historical–Etymological Studies)‎, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 57–58, without a basis glosses the word as "cinnabar" and derives from Middle Iranian *činkafr/rfak, a supposed cognate of the words discussed at Ancient Greek κιννάβαρι (kinnábari)
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “չնարէկ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 625