# ég
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈeːɡ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ég
* Rhymes: -eːɡ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säŋe. Cognates are limited to Baltic-Finnic (e.g. Finnish sää (“weather”)) and Komi-Permyak сынӧд (synöd, “warm air”).

#### Noun

ég (countable and uncountable, plural egek)
* sky (the part of the atmosphere which can be seen above a specific place)
    Synonym: égbolt
** 1937, László Balás-Piri, “A múzeum képtára”, in Székesfehérvári Szemle‎, volume 7, numbers 3–4:A halvány kék égen fehér felhők vonulnak.White clouds are marching across the pale blue sky.
* (also in the plural) heaven (the abode of God and of the blessed dead)
    Synonym: menny
** 1908, Grazia Deledda, chapter 4, in Mrs. Károly Sebestyén, transl., A repkény‎:Ha van Isten az égben, úgy meg fog nekünk bocsátani.If there is a God in heaven, He will forgive us.
* (by extension, in set phrases) heaven as a replacement for God (the supreme being and principal object of faith in Christianity)
    Synonyms: Isten, isten
** 1899, Lenke Bajza Beniczky, chapter 8, in Sára története‎:Hála az égnek, hogy megszabadulunk tőlük.Thank heavens we'll be rid of them.

##### Derived terms

* egű
* égi
* ég-föld
* éggömb
* éghajlat
* égöv
* égtáj
* égzengés
* a jó ég tudja
* az ég szerelmére
* derült égből villámcsapás
* eget-földet megmozgat
* ég és föld a különbség
* ég veled
* égnek áll
* hála az égnek
* jóságos ég
* szent ég

### Etymology 2

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *äŋɜ- (“fire; to burn”).

#### Verb

ég
* (intransitive) to burn, to be on fire (to be consumed by fire, or in flames)
** 1918, Cécile Tormay, Viaszfigurák:Nem messze tőle, egy kicsiny tűz égett az erdő szélén.Not far away, a small fire was burning at the edge of the forest.
* (intransitive) to be switched on, to be lit (of a source of illumination, to produce light)
** 1906, Dezső Kosztolányi, “Ősz felé”, in Aranyfonál‎:Mikor hazafelé jöttem, már minden házban égett a lámpa.When I was coming home, the lights were already on in every house.
* (intransitive) to be hot, to burn (of skin, to become hot due to fever or an emotional state)
** 2011, István Krausz, “Egy fedél alatt”, in Örökölt küzdelem‎:Rohantunk hazáig, a gyerek égett a láztól, és félrebeszélt.We ran home, the child was burning with fever and delirious.
* (intransitive, by extension, slang) to be embarrassed, to feel ashamed (to have a feeling of shameful discomfort)
** 2015, Tibor Csákány, “A Hold leánya”, in Ahol a fák is sírnak‎:Nagyot égtem volna, ha mindenki szeme láttára elterülök.I would have been really embarrassed if I had fallen flat on my face in front of everyone.
* (intransitive) to sting, to burn (to produce a burning sensation)
** 1940, László Mosonyi, “B-avitaminosisok hazánkban”, in Orvosi Hetilap‎, volume 84, number 36:Fűszeres ételre, paprikára nyelve égni kezd.Her tongue starts burning upon eating spicy food or peppers.
* (intransitive, figurative) to be burning with (to feel an ardent emotion or desire)
** 1929, Alexandre Dumas, chapter 19, in Gyula Szini, transl., Bragelonne vicomte‎, volume I:Égek a kíváncsiságtól, hogy megtudjam a részleteket!I'm burning with curiosity to know the details.

##### Derived terms

* éget
* égés
* éghetetlen
* égő
(With verbal prefixes):
* átég
* beég
* beleég
* bennég
* elég
* felég
* hozzáég
* keresztülég
* kiég
* leég
* megég
* odaég
* ottég
* összeég
* ráég
* végigég
* ég a keze alatt a munka
* körmére ég
* lázban ég

### References

* ↑ Entry #879 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ ég in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Entry #45 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

### Further reading

* ég in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
* (sky): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (to burn): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Alternative forms

* jeg (before je → é reform)
* eg (archaic, poetic)
* ek (very archaic)

### Etymology

The Icelandic pronoun continues Old Norse ek, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The pronoun is attested, in Proto-Norse inscriptions, since at least the 3rd century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛɣ/, [jɛːx]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛːɣ

### Pronoun

ég
* I (first-person singular pronoun)
** 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
    Og Guð sagði: sjá, eg gef ykkur alls konar sáðberandi jurtir […]Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant […] ” (NIV)
** 1656-59, Passíusálmar (Passion Hymns), hymn 1, verse 1 (orthography as in the 1887 printing):
    Upp, upp, mín sál og allt mitt geð,
    upp mitt hjarta og rómur með,
    hugur og tunga hjálpi til.
    herrans pínu ég minnast vil.
       translation by William Charles Green:
          Up, up, my soul and all my mind,
          Up, O my heart and voice combined;
          Help, thought and tongue; for I would fain
          Wake memory of our Lord's dear pain.
       translation published in Parergon, issues 1–13 (1971), page 31:
          Up, up my soul and all my mind,
          up my heart and voice as well.
          Thought and tongue help out.
          I intend to remember the Lord's suffering.
** 1800-1840, Bjarni Thorarensen, Solatium:
    Kvíði ég ei dauða, konulaus maður,(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2000, Arnaldur Indriðason, Mýrin, page 59:
    — Þekki ég þig? sagði hann. Um hvað ertu að tala? Hver ertu?
    — Ég heiti Erlendur. Ég er að rannsaka morð á manni að nafni Holberg í Reykjavík.
       Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
          "Do I know you?" he said. "What are you talking about? Who are you?"
          "My name’s [=I am called] Erlendur. I’m investigating the murder of a man from Reykjavik by the name of Holberg."

#### Declension

Icelandic personal pronouns :
| singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter |
| nominative | ég, eg, ek | þú | hann | hún, hon, hón | það, þat |
| accusative | mig, mik | þig, þik | hann | hana | það, þat |
| dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum | henni | því |
| genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess |
| plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter |
| nominative | við | þið, þit | þeir | þær | þau |
| accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau |
| dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim |
| genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |

#### Derived terms

* ég elska þig
* þetta er hebreska fyrir mér
* gleym-mér-ei
* gemmér

### References

* Icelandic Online Dictionary and Readings „ég“