# gudgeon
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɡʌdʒən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/, /ˈɡʌjən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌdʒən
* Hyphenation: gud‧geon

### Etymology 1

The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbĭós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.
The verb is derived from the noun.

#### Noun

gudgeon (plural gudgeons)
* A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.
    Synonyms: goby, (Britain, dialectal) wapper
** c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC,:[...] Ile tell thee more of this another time. / But fiſh not with this melancholy baite, / For this foole gudgin, this opinion: [...]
** 1663 (indicated as 1664), [Samuel Butler], “The Second Part of Hudibras. Canto III.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 175:[...] Make Fools believe in their fore-seeing / Of things before they are in Being; / To swallow Gudgeons ere th' are catch'd, / And count their Chickens ere th' are hatch'd, [...]
** 1676, Izaak Walton, “[The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation: Part I […].] Observations of the Gudgeon, the Ruffe, and the Bleak, and How to Fish for Them.”, in Richard Le Gallienne, editor, The Compleat Angler, 5th edition, London; New York, N.Y.: John Lane, The Bodley Head, published 1897, →OCLC, page 199:The Gudgeon is reputed a fish of excellent taste, and to be very wholesome: he is of a fine shape, of a silver colour, and beautified with black spots both on his body and tail.
** 1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, “Why is such a Man Alive?”, in Constance Garnett, transl., The Brothers Karamazov […], New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published 1922, part I, book II (An Unfortunate Gathering), page 73:You save your souls here, eating cabbage, and think you are the righteous. You eat a gudgeon a day, and you think you bribe God with gudgeon.
* (Canada) Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin.
* (Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait.
    Synonym: sleeper goby
** 2012 October 5, Nicola Gage, “Murray Showing Signs of Recovery”, in ABC News‎, Sydney, N.S.W., archived from the original on 1 November 2019:The southern purple-spotted gudgeon [Mogurnda adspersa] can be hard to find. Although colourful, they are thin and only grow up to 12 centimetres.
* Other fish, similar in appearance, principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae, but also in others.
* (figurative, archaic) A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dupe, Thesaurus:idiot
** 1713, Jonathan Swift, “Horace, Epistle VII. Book I. Imitated and Addressed to the Earl of Oxford, in the Year 1713”, in Miscellanies. The Last Volume, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], published 1733, →OCLC, page 149, lines 73–80:The Doctor now obeys the Summons, / Likes both his Company, and Commons; / Diſplays his Talent, ſits till Ten; / Next Day invited, comes again; / Soon grows Domeſtick, ſeldom fails, / Either at Morning, or at Meals; / Came early, and departed late: / In ſhort, the Gudgeon took the Bait.
** 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:"Is it not also known that you two innocents were doing the Churches week by week? Was it not patent that sooner or later you would come to a Spiritualist gathering? Here was a chance for a convert! They set a bait and poor old gudgeon Malone came along and swallowed it."
** 2004, Robert Jordan, “Making Use of Invisibility”, in New Spring, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, page 298:"Don't be a gudgeon," she grumbled, tugging at the dress much more fiercely than was necessary. "If this works as you say it will, nobody will notice me."
* (figurative, archaic) Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure.

##### Derived terms

* Ambon gudgeon (Butis amboinensis) B.
* Amur false gudgeon (Abbottina rivularis) G.
* Amur longnose gudgeon (Microphysiogobio amurensis) G.
* Amur white gudgeon, Amur white-finned gudgeon, Amur whitefin gudgeon (Romanogobio tenuicorpus) G.
* Anatolian gudgeon (Gobio hettitorum) G.
* Aru gudgeon, Aru Island gudgeon (Oxyelectris aruensis) E.
* Australian carp-gudgeon (Hypseliotris compressa) E.
* Auvergne gudgeon (Gobio alverniae) G.
* Barnett River gudgeon (Hypseleotris kimberleyensis) E.
* barred gudgeon (Bostrychus zonatus) B.
* Beysehir gudgeon (Gobio microlepidotus) G.
* big-headed gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps) E.
* black banded gudgeon (Oxyeleotris selheimi) E.
* black gudgeon (Eleotris melanosoma) E.
* black-banded gudgeon, blackbanded gudgeon (Oxyeleotris lineolata, Oxyeleotris selheimi) E.
* black-spotted gudgeon (Butis melanostigma) B.
* blind cave gudgeon, blind gudgeon (Milyeringa veritas) M.
* blue gudgeon (Ptereleotris microlepis) E.
* brown gudgeon, brown spine-cheek gudgeon (Eleotris fusca) E.
* bull-headed gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps) E.
* Cappodocian gudgeon (Gobio gymnostethus) G.
* carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris compressa) E.
* Caspian gudgeon (Gobio holurus) G.
* cave gudgeon (Milyeringa veritas) M.
* Chersky's gudgeon, Cherskii's thicklip gudgeon (Sarcocheilichthys czerskii) G.
* Chinese false gudgeon (Abbottina rivularis) G.
* Chinese gudgeon (Bostrychus sinensis) B.
* Chinese lake gudgeon (Sarcocheilichthys sinensis) G.
* Chinese lizard gudgeon (Saurogobio dabryi) G.
* Chornaya gudgeon (Gobio delyamurei) G.
* Cihanbeyli gudgeon (Gobio insuyanus) G.
* Cox's gudgeon, Cox gudgeon (Gobiomorphus coxii) E.
* crested gudgeon (Butis koilomatodon) B.
* crimson-tipped flathead gudgeon, crimsontip gudgeon, crimson-tipped gudgeon (Butis butis) B.
* Dalmatian bargel-gudgeon (Aulopyge huegelii) C.
* Daly river gudgeon (Oxyeleotris lineolata) E.
* Danube delta gudgeon (Romanogobio antipai) G.
* Danube gudgeon, Danubian gudgeon, Danubian longbarbel gudgeon (Romonogobio uranoscopus) G.
* deepreef gudgeon (Calumnia profunda) E.
* Dniester longbarbel gudgeon (Romanogobio kesslerii) G.
* Don gudgeon (Gobio brevicirris) G.
* Don whitefin gudgeon (Romanogobio tanaiticus) G.
* doublespot gudgeon (Calumnia godeffroyi) E.
* Drysdale gudgeon (Kimberleyeleotris notata) E.
* dusky marine gudgeon (Thalasseleotris adela) E.
* dwarf gudgeon (Oxyeleotris nullipora) E.
* Eber gudgeon (Gobio intermedius) G.
* ebony gudgeon (Eleotris melanosoma) E.
* eel-gudgeon (Galaxias maculatus, Neochanna cleaveri, Paragalaxias dissimilis) Ga.
* eight-whisker gudgeon (Gobiobotia homalopteroidea) G.
* eight-whiskered gudgeon, eightbarbel gudgeon (Gobiobotia pappenheimi) G.
* empire gudgeon (Hypseleotris compressa) E.
* Eyilikler gudgeon (Gobio battalgilae) G.
* false gudgeon (Abbottina spp.) G.
* false-spotted gudgeon (Mogurnda oligolepis) E.
* fartail coralgudgeon (Calumnia eilperinae) E.
* few-pored gudgeon (Oxyeleotris paucipora) E.
* fimbriate gudgeon (Oxyeleotris fimbriata) E.
* finescale gudgeon (Incara multisquamatus) B.
* firetail gudgeon, firetailed gudgeon (Hypseleotris galii) E.
* five-rayed gudgeon (Romanogobio pentatrichus) G.
* flat-head gudgeon (Butis butis) B.
* flat-headed gudgeon (Butis butis B., Philypnodon grandiceps E.)
* flathead gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps) E.
* freshwater gudgeon (Eleotris aquaticus, Eleotris fusca) E.
* fushun gudgeon (Gobio fushunensis) G.
* Gale's carp-gudgeon (Hypseleotris galii) E.
* giant gudgeon (Oxyeleotris lineolata, Oxyeleotris selheimi) E.
* golden carp gudgeon, golden gudgeon (Hypseleotris aurea) E.
* Graham's gudgeon (Grahamichthys radiatus) T.
* Greek stone gudgeon (Romanogobio elimeius) G.
* Iberian gudgeon (Gobio lozanoi) G.
* Isikli gudgeon (Gobio maeandricus) G.
* island gudgeon (Bostrychus aruensis) B.
* Issyk-Kul gudgeon (Gobio gobio) G.
* Italian gudgeon (Romanogobio benacensis) G.
* Jardine gudgeon (Oxyeleotris nullipora) E.
* Kessler's gudgeon (Romanogobio kesslerii) G.
* Khanka gudgeon (Squalidus chankaensis) G.
* Kuban gudgeon (Gobio kubanicus) G.
* Kuban long-barbelled gudgeon, Kuban longbarbel gudgeon (Romanogobio pentatrichus) G.
* Kura gudgeon (Romanogobio persus) G.
* ladder gudgeon (Bostrychus scalaris) B.
* Languedoc gudgeon (Gobio occitaniae) G.
* Lena gudgeon (Gobio soldatovi) G.
* lined gudgeon (Valenciennea muralis) G.
* lizard gudgeon (Saurogobio dabryi) G.
* long-finned gudgeon (Ptereleotris microlepis) E.
* long-nosed gudgeon (Microphysogobio tungtingensis) G.
* Manchurian gudgeon (Gnathopogon strigatus) G.
* marine gudgeon (Thalasseleotris adela) T.
* Mitchell gudgeon (Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi) E.
* mud gudgeon (Oxyeleotris lineolata) E.
* Mulgoa gudgeon (Gobiomorphus coxii) E.
* mullet gudgeon (Ophiocara porocephala) B.
* Nepean gudgeon (Gobiomorphus coxii) E.
* North Caucasian gudgeon, North Caucasian longbarbel gudgeon (Romanogobio ciscaucasicus) G.
* northern bronze gudgeon (Coreius septentrionalis) G.
* northern carp-gudgeon (Hypseleotris compressa) E.
* northern mud gudgeon (Ophiocara porocephala) B.
* northern purplespotted gudgeon (Mogurnda mogurnda) E.
* northern whitefin gudgeon (Romanogobio belingi) G.
* ocellated gudgeon (Valenciennea longipinnis) G.
* Ohrid gudgeon (Gobio ohridanus) G.
* olive flathead gudgeon (Butis amboinensis etc.) B.
* Pacific gudgeon (Gobio soldatovi) G.
* pale gudgeon (Ptereleotris heteroptera) E.
* panial gudgeon (Oxyeleotris wisselensis) E.
* Papuan coralgudgeon (Calumnia papuensis) E.
* peacock gudgeon, peacock-eye gudgeon (Tateurndina ocellicauda) E.
* Persian gudgeon (Romanogobio persus) G.
* pointed-head gudgeon (Butis butis) B.
* poreless gudgeon (Oxyeleotris nullipora) E.
* Prince Regent gudgeon (Hypseleotris regalis) E.
* purple-spotted gudgeon (Mogurnda mogurnda, Mogurnda adspersa) E.
* rainbow gudgeon (Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis) G.
* rare gudgeon (Gobiocypris rarus) G.
* Regent carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris regalis) E.
* Sakarya gudgeon (Gobio sakaryaensis) G.
* Salgir gudgeon (Gobio krymensis) G.
* sea gudgeon (Gobius niger) G.
* Sentani gudgeon (Oxyeleotris heterodon) E.
* short-barbelled Crimean gudgeon (Gobio delyamurei) G.
* Siberian gudgeon (Gobio cynocephalus) G.
* sinuous gudgeon (Odonteleotris macrodon) E.
* Skadar gudgeon (Gobio skadarensis) G.
* sleeper gudgeon (Oxyeleotris selheimi) E.
* slender carp gudgeon, slender gudgeon (Hypseleotris ejuncida) E.
* slender top-mouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora elongata) G.
* small Kuban gudgeon (Romanogobio parvus) G.
* small silver gudgeon (Squalidus minor) G.
* small-eyed gudgeon, smalleye gudgeon (Prionobutis microps) B.
* smooth-scaled gudgeon (Odonteleotris macrodon) E.
* snake-headed gudgeon, snakehead gudgeon (Giuris margaritaceus) E.
* Soldatov's gudgeon (Gobio soldatovi) G.
* Soldatov's thicklip gudgeon, Soldatov's toothed gudgeon (Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi) G.
* South Caucasian gudgeon (Romanogobio macropterus) G.
* southern purplespotted gudgeon (Mogurnda adspersa) E.
* spangled gudgeon (Ophiocara porocephala) B.
* spine-cheek gudgeon, spinecheek gudgeon (Eleotris acanthopomus) E.
* spottail gudgeon (Ptereleotris evides) E.
* striped gudgeon (Gobiomorphus australis) E.
* striped-cheek gudgeon (Bostrychus strigogenys) B.
* sunset gudgeon (Bostrychus zonatus) B.
* swamp gudgeon (Oxyeleotris stagnicola) E.
* Tachanovsky's gudgeon (Ladislavia taczanowskii) G.
* Thessaly gudgeon (Gobio feraeensis) G.
* throat-spine gudgeon (Belobranchus belobranchus) E.
* topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) G.
* tropical carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris cyprinoides) E.
* Ukrainian gudgeon (Gobio sarmaticus) G.
* united-lip gudgeon (Platysmacheilus longibarbatus) G.
* variegated gudgeon (Mogurnda variegata) E.
* Varna gudgeon (Gobio kovatschevi) G.
* western carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris klunzingeri) E.
* white-finned gudgeon (Romanogobio albipinnatus) G.
* Yarra gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps) E.
* yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.
** Familes: B. = Butidae (sleeper gobies), C. = Cyprinidae (carps etc.), E. = Eleotridae (sleeper gobies), G. = Gobiidae (gobies), Ga. = Galaxiidae, M. = Milyeringidae (blind cave gobies), T. = Thalasseleotrididae

##### Translations
#### Verb

gudgeon (third-person singular simple present gudgeons, present participle gudgeoning, simple past and past participle gudgeoned)
* (transitive, archaic) To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe.
** 1826, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 106:I have seen when you were willing to tie his points or brush his cloak, or the like—and to be treated thus ungratefully—and gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you—
* (intransitive, archaic) To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms], from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”) + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).

#### Noun

gudgeon (plural gudgeons)
* (also attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint.
** 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, pages 85–86:[A]s to a Wheel-barrow, I fancy'd I could make all but the Wheel; but that I had no Notion of, neither did I know how to go about it; beſides, I had no possible way to make the Iron Gudgeons for the Spindle or Axis of the Wheel to run in, ſo I gave it over; [...]
* (nautical, specifically) In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely.
    Synonym: brace
** 1792, William Bligh, chapter VII, in A Voyage to the South Sea, […] in His Majesty’s Ship The Bounty, […], London: […] George Nicol, […], →OCLC, page 83:This afternoon the gudgeon of the rudder belonging to the large cutter, was drawn out and ſtolen, without being perceived by the man that was ſtationed to take care of her.

##### Derived terms

* gudgeon pin

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “gojǒun, n.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “gudgeon, n.$^1$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900; “gudgeon$^1$, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “gudgeon, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.
* ↑ “gojǒun, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “gudgeon$^2$, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022; compare “gudgeon, n.$^2$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.

### Further reading

* gudgeon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* gudgeon (fish) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia