OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# polysynthetic
## English
### Etymology

From poly- +‎ synthetic.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: pŏlēsĭnthĕt'ĭk, IPA: /ˌpɒlisɪnˈθɛtɪk/

### Adjective

polysynthetic (comparative more polysynthetic, superlative most polysynthetic)
* (grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.
** 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:"No doubt, sir," Summerlee answered. "Like all such tribes, I shall expect to find them of polysynthetic speech and of Mongolian type." "Polysynthetic certainly," said Challenger, indulgently.
* (mineralogy) Having layers of twin crystals

#### Derived terms

* polysynthetic twinning

#### Related terms

* oligosynthetic
* polysynthesis
* polysynthesism
* synthetic

#### See also

* agglutinative
* analytic
* fusional
* incorporating
* inflected
* isolating
# schol
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sxɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: schol
* Rhymes: -ɔl

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch scholle, scolle, sculle. Related to Dutch schil and schel. Cognate with German Scholle (“floe”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Noun

schol f (plural schollen, diminutive scholletje n)
* floating plate (e.g. ice floe or tectonic plate)
** ice floe
    Synonyms: ijsschol, ijsschots, schots
* (dated) sod, clod, turf (lump of earth, sometimes with vegetation)

##### Derived terms

* grasschol
* ijsschol
* rietschol
* schollentektoniek

#### Noun

schol m (plural schollen, diminutive scholletje n)
* European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, a species of flatfish)
    Synonyms: pladijs, plaat

##### Derived terms

* scholvis

### Etymology 2

Compare Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish skål.

#### Interjection

schol
* (Belgium) cheers (toast when drinking)
    Synonyms: proost, santé

### Further reading

* schol on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# rû
## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruː/
* Rhymes: -uː

### Noun

rû m
* face

## Sicilian
### Preposition

rû
* Contraction of ri lu (“of the”).
# tû
## Jersey Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch doe, from Old Dutch thuo, from Proto-Germanic *þō. Compare dialectal Dutch toe (standard toen).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuː/

### Adverb

tû
* then

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuː/
* Rhymes: -uː

### Noun

tû f
* mulberry (the tree)
# пећина
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pět͡ɕina/
* Hyphenation: пе‧ћи‧на

### Noun

пѐћина f (Latin spelling pèćina)
* cave

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “пећина”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# 比基尼
## Chinese

* 比基尼 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 比基尼环礁 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 比基尼 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English bikini.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐjīní, Bǐjīní
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄧˊ, ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$ gei$^1$ nei$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pì-chi-ní / pì-chhi-ní / pì-chi-nî / pí-ki-nì
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí-ki-nî
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pi-ci-gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐjīní
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐjiní
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-chi$^1$-ni$^2$
*** Yale: bǐ-jī-ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biijini
*** Palladius: бицзини (biczini)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, proper noun)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bǐjīní
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bǐjiní
*** Wade–Giles: Pi$^3$-chi$^1$-ni$^2$
*** Yale: Bǐ-jī-ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Biijini
*** Palladius: Бицзини (Biczini)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$ gei$^1$ nei$^4$
*** Yale: béi gēi nèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$ gei$^1$ nei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$ géi$^1$ néi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì-chi-ní / pì-chhi-ní / pì-chi-nî / pí-ki-nì
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˇ$ ji ni$^ˋ$ / bi$^ˇ$ qi ni$^ˋ$ / bi$^ˇ$ ji ni$^ˊ$ / bi$^ˋ$ gi ni$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^2$ ji$^4$ ni$^3$ / bi$^2$ qi$^4$ ni$^3$ / bi$^2$ ji$^4$ ni$^1$ / bi$^3$ gi$^4$ ni$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ ni³¹/, /pi¹¹ t͡sʰi⁵⁵ ni³¹/, /pi¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ ni²⁴/, /pi³¹ ki⁵⁵ ni¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-ki-nî
*** Tâi-lô: pí-ki-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: py'kinii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pi-ci-gni
*** MiniDict: pi$^去$ ci nyi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pi-ji-nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

### Noun

比基尼
* bikini

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 比基尼, 三點式 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 比基尼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 三點式, 比堅尼 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 三點式 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 比基尼 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 比基尼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 比基尼 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 比基尼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 比基尼 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 比基尼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 比基尼 |

#### Derived terms

* 臉基尼 / 脸基尼 (liǎnjīní)

### Proper noun

比基尼
* (～環礁) Bikini

#### Synonyms

* (chiefly Cantonese) 比堅尼／比坚尼 (bei2 gin1 nei4)
# keelbandpinguïn
## Dutch
### Etymology

From keelband +‎ pinguïn, possibly a calque of German Kehlstreifpinguin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkeːl.bɑntˌpɪŋ.(ɡ)ʋɪn/
* Hyphenation: keel‧band‧pin‧gu‧in

### Noun

keelbandpinguïn m (plural keelbandpinguïns)
* chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus)
    Synonyms: kinbandpinguïn, stormbandpinguïn

### Further reading

* keelbandpinguïn on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# incrementalizes
## English
### Verb

incrementalizes
* third-person singular simple present indicative of incrementalize
# visotter
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of vis +‎ otter.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

visotter m (plural visotters, diminutive visottertje n)
* European otter (Lutra lutra)
    Synonym: otter
# treurwilg
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of treuren (“to mourn”) +‎ wilg (“willow”), so named for its downward-drooping branches.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrøːr.ʋɪlx/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: treur‧wilg

### Noun

treurwilg m (plural treurwilgen, diminutive treurwilgje n)
* weeping willow (Salix babylonica)

### Further reading

* treurwilg on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# zwarte specht
## Dutch
### Etymology

Literally, “black woodpecker”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌzʋɑr.tə ˈspɛxt/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

zwarte specht m (plural zwarte spechten, diminutive zwart spechtje n)
* black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius)
** 2015, Willem van Manen, "De zwarte specht", Caspar Janssen, In de ban van het beest. Nederlandse dieren door de ogen van hun kenners.
    De aanleiding om nestonderzoek te doen bij zwarte spechten was dat ik begon te twijfelen aan de hoge aantallen die overal werden geteld, ook door mijzelf.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* zwarte specht on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# cizopasný
## Czech
### Etymology

From cizí +‎ -o- +‎ pást +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɪzopasniː]

### Adjective

cizopasný (adverb cizopasně)
* parasitic
    Synonym: parazitní

#### Related terms

* cizopasník m

### Further reading

* “cizopasný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cizopasný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “cizopasný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# efsian
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈef.si.ɑn/

### Verb

efsian
* Alternative form of efesian
# kandırıcı
## Turkish
### Etymology

kandır- (“to deceive”) +‎ -ıcı.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: kan‧dı‧rı‧cı

### Adjective

kandırıcı
* persuasive
* deceptive, duplicitous, misleading

### References

* “kandırıcı”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# градиво
## Macedonian
### Etymology

From гради (gradi) +‎ -иво (-ivo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡradivɔ]

### Noun

градиво • (gradivo) n
* material

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From гра́дити.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâdiːʋo/
* Hyphenation: гра‧ди‧во

### Noun

гра̏дӣво n (Latin spelling grȁdīvo)
* material, matter (that something is made of or can be made of)
* study material

#### Declension
### References

* “градиво”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# efesian
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* efosian, efsian, efsiġean, efesiġan

### Etymology

From the noun efes (“eaves”) or its ancestor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈe.fe.si.ɑn/, [ˈe.ve.si.ɑn]

### Verb

efesian
* to cut (someone's hair), give a haircut

#### Usage notes

* In Old English, you usually cut someone's head, not their hair (Lēte þū þīn hēafod efesian? = “Did you get your hair [lit. head] cut?”), or else the object is the person themselves (Sēo widuwe wolde efesian þone hālgan ǣlce ġēare and his næġlas ċeorfan = “The widow would cut the saint's hair [lit. the saint] every year and trim his nails”). It is always clear that hair is meant because efesian, unlike snīþan or ċeorfan, only refers to cutting hair, not any other object or body part. See also cemban (“to comb”).

#### Derived terms

* āefesian
* beefesian
* efesung
* misefesian

#### Descendants

* Middle English: evesen

#### See also

* sċieran (“to shave”)
# gradivo
## Italian
### Verb

gradivo
* first-person singular imperfect indicative of gradire

### Anagrams

* drogavi, gravido, gridavo

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From gráditi +‎ -ivo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâdiːʋo/
* Hyphenation: gra‧di‧vo

### Noun

grȁdīvo n (Cyrillic spelling гра̏дӣво)
* material, matter (that something is made of or can be made of)
* study material

#### Declension
### References

* “gradivo”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# rietkat
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of riet (“reed”) +‎ kat (“cat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrit.kɑt/
* Hyphenation: riet‧kat

### Noun

rietkat f (plural rietkatten, diminutive rietkatje n)
* jungle cat (Felis chaus)
    Synonym: moeraskat

### Further reading

* rietkat on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# อั้น
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | อั้น ɒ ạ ˆ n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | ân |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | an |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /ʔan˥˩/ |

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Lao ອັ້ນ (ʼan), Northern Thai ᩋᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ, Khün ᩋᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ, Lü ᦀᧃᧉ (˙ʼan²), Shan ဢၼ်ႈ (ʼān).

#### Verb

อั้น • (ân) (abstract noun การอั้น)
* (informal, transitive or intransitive) to hold; to keep; to confine; to contain.
    อั้นลมหายใจ
       ân lom-hǎai-jai
       to hold [one's] breath
    อั้นปัสสาวะ
       ân bpàt-sǎa-wá
       to hold [one's] urine
* (slang, often intransitive) to limit; to restrict.
    ไม่อั้น
       mâi ân
       unlimited; without limitation

##### Derived terms

* อัดอั้น

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

อั้น • (ân)
* (somewhat dated) speechlessly; voicelessly; at a loss for words.
# pletivo
## Czech
### Etymology

From plést +‎ -ivo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈplɛcɪvo]
* Hyphenation: ple‧ti‧vo

### Noun

pletivo n
* mesh, netting
    drátěné pletivo ― wire mesh
* plant tissue
    asimilační pletivo ― assimilatory tissue

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pletivo”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pletivo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pletivo”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plêtiːʋo/

### Noun

plȅtīvo n (Cyrillic spelling пле̏тӣво)
* knitting material

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pletivo”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# sajmište
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From sájam +‎ -ište.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sâjmiːʃte/
* Hyphenation: saj‧miš‧te

### Noun

sȁjmīšte n (Cyrillic spelling са̏јмӣште)
* fairground

#### Declension
### References

* “sajmište”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# સાથી
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (satthia), from Sanskrit सार्थिक (sārthika).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈsɑ.t̪ʰi/
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: સા‧થી

### Noun

સાથી • (sāthī) m
* partner, spouse
* friend, comrade
* colleague, co-worker

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ભગવતસિંહ [bhagvatsĩh] (1944) “સાથી”, in ભગવદ્ગોમંડલ [bhagvadgomaṇḍal], India, page 8700.
* “સાથી”, in Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009.
# ვინ
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vin]
* Hyphenation: ვინ

### Pronoun

ვინ • (vin)
* who
# lxs
## Spanish
### Etymology

los +‎ -x-

### Article

lxs gender-neutral pl
* (gender-neutral, neologism) the (plural)
** 2010 June, Peter Gelderloos, Cómo la no violencia protege al Estado (Spanish edition), page 56, quoting and translating David Gilbert, No Surrender:
    lxs nativxs americanxs, lxs chicanxs o lxs puertorriqueñxsNative Americans, Chicanxs or Puerto Ricans
** 2015, Pa(i)sajes urbanos, →ISBN, page 249:Las acciones de lxs trans van acompañadas del trabajo de Transvenus de Venezuela.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* A few writers use this article instead of los (compare las) for groups that include both males and females, or groups of unclear or non-binary gender, in order to be gender-neutral. Some others use les.
# bordô
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* bordeaux

### Etymology

Borrowed from French bordeaux. Doublet of Bordéus.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /boʁˈdo/ [boɦˈdo]
* (Brazil) IPA: /boʁˈdo/ [boɦˈdo]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /boɾˈdo/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /boʁˈdo/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /boɻˈdo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /bɔɾˈdo/ [bɔɾˈðo], /boɾˈdo/ [boɾˈðo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: bor‧dô

### Noun

bordô m (uncountable)
* maroon (dark red, somewhat brownish colour)

### References

* ↑ “bordô”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “bordô”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# tocwiese
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoːˌkwi͜yː.se/, [ˈtoːˌkwi͜yː.ze]

### Verb

tōcwīese
* inflection of tōcwīesan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive
# cwiese
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkwi͜yː.se/, [ˈkwi͜yː.ze]

### Verb

cwīese
* inflection of cwīesan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive
# cwysed
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkwyː.sed/, [ˈkwyː.zed]

### Participle

cwȳsed
* past participle of cwȳsan
# ukrop
## English
### Etymology

From Russian укро́п (ukróp, “dill plant; Ukrainian person (pejorative)”), used in Russian slang due to the word's similarity to Украи́на (Ukraína, “Ukraine”).

### Noun

ukrop (plural ukrops)
* (derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur, Internet slang, uncommon) A Ukrainian person.
    Synonym: (ethnic slur) khokhol
    The troll wasted many hours calling other users "ukrops" simply because they were Ukrainians.

#### Usage notes

* Like the slur "khokhol", this slur was popularized in 2022 by online supporters of Putin and Russian nationalists during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It is used especially to refer to Ukrainians who oppose the Russian invasion of their country, more often towards soldiers in the battlefield or pro-Ukrainian Internet users.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.krɔp/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ukrɔp
* Syllabification: u‧krop

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish ukrop. By surface analysis, deverbal from ukropić.

#### Noun

ukrop m inan (diminutive (humorous) ukropek)
* boiling water or other liquid
    Synonyms: wrzątek, war
* (figurative) heat wave
    Synonyms: upał, gorąc, spiekota, skwar

##### Related terms

* ukropić pf

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ukrop
* second-person singular imperative of ukropić

### Etymology 3

From Russian укро́п (ukróp, “dill plant; Ukrainian person (pejorative)”), used in Russian slang due to the word's similarity to Украи́на (Ukraína, “Ukraine”).

#### Noun

ukrop m pers
* (offensive, ethnic slur) a Ukrainian

##### Declension
### Further reading

* ukrop in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ukrop in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# wandeat
## Woiwurrung
### Verb

wandeat
* come

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# 攀枝花
## Chinese

* 攀枝花 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 攀枝花 (Cantonese)
* Phân-kî-fâ-sṳ (Hakka)
* Păng-ciĕ-huă (Eastern Min)
* Phan-chi-hoa-chhī (Southern Min)
* 攀枝花市 (Wu)
* Panzhihua (English)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pānzhīhuā, Pānzhīhuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄚ, ㄆㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paan$^1$ zi$^1$ faa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Phân-kî-fâ
    (Hailu, HRS): pan$^ˋ$ gi$^ˋ$ fa$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Păng-ciĕ-huă
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Phan-chi-hoa
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pānzhīhuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: panjhihhua
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^1$-chih$^1$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: pān-jr̄-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: panjyhua
*** Palladius: паньчжихуа (panʹčžixua)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, proper noun)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Pānzhīhuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Panjhihhua
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻan$^1$-chih$^1$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: Pān-jr̄-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Panjyhua
*** Palladius: Паньчжихуа (Panʹčžixua)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pānzhīhuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: panjhihhuar
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^1$-chih$^1$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: pān-jr̄-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: panjyhual
*** Palladius: паньчжихуар (panʹčžixuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paan$^1$ zi$^1$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: pāan jī fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paan$^1$ dzi$^1$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pan$^1$ ji$^1$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Phân-kî-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan$^ˊ$ gi$^ˊ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^1$ gi$^1$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan$^ˋ$ gi$^ˋ$ fa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³ ki⁵³ fa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Păng-ciĕ-huă
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒie⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$ua⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phan-chi-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: Phan-tsi-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phanci'hoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰan³³ t͡si³³ hua³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

### Noun

攀枝花
* Alternative name for 木棉 (mùmián, “kapok (Bombax ceiba)”).

### Proper noun

攀枝花
* (～市) Panzhihua (a prefecture-level city in Sichuan, China)
# chacharse
## Spanish
### Verb

chacharse
* infinitive of chachar combined with se

### Further reading

* “chacharse”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
# werrgabil
## Woiwurrung
### Noun

werrgabil
* corpse

### References

* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
# cuman
## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

### Verb

cuman
* to come
** c. 900 CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen [The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:
    Gehōri gebet mīn, te thī alla fleisc cuman sal.Hear my prayer, every mortal shall come to you.
** c. 1100 CE, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible:
    Sint quāmen se beithe zo Rōme, thār se gemartholot wurthen van Nerōne.Thereafter they both came to Rome, where they were tortured by Nero.

#### Derived terms

* avacuman
* bicuman

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: cōmen
** Dutch: komen, kommen
*** Afrikaans: kom
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: kumu
*** Javindo: kom
*** Jersey Dutch: kôme
*** Negerhollands: kom
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: kum, com, come
** Limburgish: kómme

#### Further reading

* “kuman”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémt (“to step”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.mɑn/

### Verb

cuman
* to come
    Hē cōm hām ġiestran niht swīðe late.He came home last night so late.
    Hwanon cōme þū?Where did you come from?
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Purification of St. Mary"
    Ēlā, hwænne cymð sē Hǣlend?Ah! when will the Saviour come?
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
    Hāt cuman tō mē þone cristenan mann...Bid the Christian man come to me,...
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Greater Litany"
    Wē sind eall cuman on þissum līfe, and ūre eard nis nā hēr, ac wē sind hēr swelċe weġfērende menn. Ān cymþ, ōðer færeþ. Sē biþ ācenned, sē ōðer forþfæreþ and rȳmþ him setl.We are all guests in this life, and our home is not here, but we're here as wayfaring people. One person comes, another goes. One is born, another dies and makes them room.

#### Usage notes

"To come to [do something]" is often expressed with the bare infinitive: Wē cōmon þā sunnan stelan ("We came to steal the sun").

#### Derived terms

* ancuman
* becuman
* eftcuman
* forcuman
* forecuman
* forþcuman
* ġecuman
* incuman
* ofercuman
* upcuman

#### Descendants

* Middle English: comen, cumen
** English: come, cum
*** Solombala English: комъ (kom)
** Scots: cum
** Yola: coome, come, cum

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

cuman m
* milking pail
# golden suso
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From English golden +‎ suso (“snail”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˌɡolden suˈsoʔ/ [ˌɡol.d̪ɛn̪ sʊˈsoʔ]
* Rhymes: -oʔ
* Syllabification: gol‧den su‧so

### Noun

golden susô (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ ᜐᜓᜐᜓ)
* golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata, a type of a large snail with golden and pink shell, and was spread for production of food during the Marcos regime.)
    Synonym: golden kuhol

### Further reading

* “golden suso”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* G. M. A. News (2022 December 22 (last accessed)) “Masagana 99, Nutribun, and Imelda's 'edifice complex' of hospitals”, in GMA News Online‎
# eftcuman
## Old English
### Etymology

From eft- +‎ cuman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeft.ku.mɑn/

### Verb

eftcuman
* to come back, come again, return

#### Related terms

* eftcyme

#### Descendants

* Middle English: ef-cumen, æft-cumen
# Astrauka
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Astrava +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Proper noun

Astrauka m pl stress pattern Astrauka
* Ostrówka (a village in Kazanów Gmina, Zwoleń County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

### Proper noun

Astrauka ?
* a surname from Polish