# rugi
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ru‧gi
* IPA: /ɾuˈɡiʔ/ [ɾuˈɡiʔ]

### Noun

rugî
* doughiness; softness (of food due to overcooking)

#### Derived terms

* magrugi
* marugi

## Central Dusun
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

### Noun

rugi
* thorn

## Faroese
### Noun

rugi
* dative singular indefinite of rugur

## French
### Etymology

Past participle of rugir; borrowed from Latin rugītus. Doublet of rut, which was inherited.

### Participle

rugi (feminine rugie, masculine plural rugis, feminine plural rugies)
* past participle of rugir

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈruɡi]
* Hyphenation: ru‧gi

### Noun

rugi (plural)
* loss

#### Affixed terms

* berkerugian
* berugi
* kerugian
* merugi
* merugikan

#### Compounds

* rugi barang
* rugi keseluruhan total
* rugi tenaga
* rugi waktu

### Further reading

* “rugi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

rugi
* Rōmaji transcription of るぎ

## Kimaragang
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

### Noun

rugi
* thorn

## Latin
### Verb

rugī
* second-person singular present active imperative of rugiō

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruɡi/ [ˈru.ɡi]
* Rhymes: -ɡi

### Noun

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي, plural rugi-rugi, informal 1st possessive rugiku, 2nd possessive rugimu, 3rd possessive ruginya)
* loss, financial loss

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* kerugian [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* merugi [agent focus] (meN-)
* merugikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* dirugikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* berugi [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* berugi-rugi [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: rugi

### Verb

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي)
* to lose out

### Further reading

* “rugi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.ɡi/
* Rhymes: -uɡi
* Syllabification: ru‧gi

### Noun

rugi f
* inflection of ruga:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Noun

rugi m inan
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rug

## Portuguese
### Verb

rugi
* inflection of rugir:
** first-person singular preterite indicative
** second-person plural imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rugi m
* plural of rug
rugi f
* plural of rugă

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rugīre. Compare Aromanian arujescu, arujiri (“neigh”).

#### Verb

a rugi (third-person singular present rugește, past participle rugit) 4th conjugation
* (archaic, rare) to roar, bellow, howl
    Synonyms: rage, mugi, zbiera

##### Related terms

* ruget

## Rungus
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

### Noun

rugi
* thorn

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾu.ɡi]

### Noun

rugi
* loss

### Verb

rugi
* (transitive) to lose (an object, etc.)

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tobilung
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”).

### Noun

rugi
* thorn

## Upper Kinabatangan
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

### Noun

rugi
* thorn