# آسمان
## Baluchi
### Alternative forms

* آزمان (ázmán)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Akin to Persian آسمان (âsmân), Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

### Noun

آسمان • (ásmán)
* sky

## Kalami
### Etymology

Probably from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

### Noun

آسمان (āsmān) m
* sky

## Khalaj
### Noun

آسمان (âsmân, âsimân) (definite accusative آسِمانؽ or آسمانئ, plural آسِمانلار or آسمانلار)
* Arabic spelling of âsmân, âsimân (“sky”)

#### Declension
## Khowar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

### Noun

آسمان (asmán)
* sky

### References

* Elena Bashir, Maula Nigah, Rahmat Karim Baig (2022) “آسمان”, in A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio‎, second edition, Chicago, I.L.: South Asia Language and Area Center, University of Chicago, archived from the original on 2023-01-19.

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* آسمون (âsemun) (colloquial Tehrani)

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭 (ʾsmʾn /⁠āsmān⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (asmānam), from Proto-Iranian *Hácmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognate with Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔɑːs.(i).mɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔːs.(i).mɔːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒːs.(e).mɒːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒːs.(e).mɒːn]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [ʔɒːs.(e).muːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔɔs.(i).mɔn]
* Audio (Iran):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

### Noun

| Dari | آسمان |
| Iranian Persian | آسمان |
| Tajik | осмон |
آسمان • (âsmân or âsemân) (plural آسمان‌ها (âsmân-hâ, âsemân-hâ))
* sky
    آسمان ابری ― -âsmân-e abri ― cloudy sky
    آسمان آبی ― -âsmân-e âbi ― blue sky
** 1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:به سطح آسمان انبوه اختر نمایان در طبق چون مشت گوهرbe sath-e âsmân anbuh-e axtar nomâyân dar tabq čon mošt-e gowharOn the surface of the sky, a myriad of stars were showing themselves on a plate like a handful of pearls.
* (literary) heaven
    Synonym: بهشت (behešt)

#### Derived terms

* آسمانرنگ (âsmânrang)
* آسمانگون (âsmângun)
* آسمانی (âsmâni)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: asiman
* → Bengali: আসমান (āsman)
* → Chagatai: آڛمان
** Uyghur: ئاسمان (asman)
** Uzbek: osmon
* → Dungan: асмон (asmon) (perhaps via Chagatai)
* → Gujarati: આસમાન (āsamān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: आसमान (āsmān)
    Urdu: آسمان (āsmān)
*   * → Khowar: آسمان (asmán)
* → Kalami: آسمان (āsmān)
* → Kazakh: аспан (aspan) (perhaps via Chagatai)
* → Kermanic: آسمون (ā̊semūn, āsɛmūn)
* → Khalaj: âsmân
* → Kyrgyz: асман (asman) (perhaps via Chagatai)
* → Marathi: अस्मान (asmān)
* → Nepali: अस्मान (asmān)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਮਾਨ (asamān)
    Shahmukhi script: آسمان (āsmān)
* → Marwari: असमाण (asmāṇ)
* → Sindhi: آسمان (āsmān)
* → Sivandi: āsemān
* → Turkmen: asman
* → Yagnobi: осмон (osmon)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

### Noun

آسمان • (āsmān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਮਾਨ)
* sky

#### Synonyms

* آکاش (ākāś), گگن (gagan)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑsmɑnʊ]

### Noun

آسمانُ • (āsmānu) ? (Devanagari आस्मानु)
* sky
    Synonyms: آڪاس (ākāsu), اُڀُ (ubhu), گَگَنُ (gaganu)
* heaven

#### Derived terms

* آسمانيِ (āsmānī, “heavenly, azure”)

## Urdu
### Alternative forms

* آسْمَاں (āsmā̃) — poetic

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān). First attested in c. 1421 as Middle Hindi آسمان (āsman /⁠āsmān⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɑːs.mɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn
* Hyphenation: آس‧مان

### Noun

آسْمَان • (āsmān) m (Hindi spelling आसमान)
* sky
    Synonyms: فَلَک (falak), آکاش (ākāś)
* heaven, skies
    Synonyms: بَہِشْت (bahiśt), جَنَّت (jannat), فِرْدَوس (firdaus), سْوَرْگ (svarg)
* (Islamic cosmology) celestial sphere, firmament; one of the seven heavens

#### Declension

Declension of آسمان :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | آسْمان (āsmān) | آسْمان (āsmān) |
| oblique | آسْمان (āsmān) | آسْمانوں (āsmānõ) |
| vocative | آسْمان (āsmān) | آسْمانو (āsmāno) |

#### Derived terms

* آسْمَانی (āsmānī, “heavenly”)

### References

* ↑ “آسمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “آسمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “آسمان”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]

## Ushojo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

### Noun

آسمان (āsmān)
* sky