# horizontal
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French horizontal.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/
* (US) IPA: /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

horizontal (comparative more horizontal, superlative most horizontal)
* Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat.
    horizontal lines
** 1976, Apollo: A Journal of the Arts:[…] a pair of pauldrons with the light horizontal bar which in later years developed into the high neckguard of the sixteenth century; numbers of gauntlets, visors of helmets, and other pieces, the handling of which is a sheer joy […]
* (marketing) Relating to horizontal markets
* (archaic) Pertaining to the horizon.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 594-595:As when the Sun new ris'n / Looks through the Horizontal misty Air
* (wine) Involving wines of the same vintages but from different wineries.
* (music, of an interval) Having the two notes sound successively.
    Synonyms: linear, melodic
    Antonym: vertical
* (sex, euphemistic) Relating to sexual intercourse.
    horizontal tango
** 2020 February 2, Mariella Frostrup, “One is a great guy; the other is good in bed. So who do I choose?”, in The Guardian‎:Comparing a man who inspires you intellectually and makes you laugh with a guy who fulfils all your horizontal desires means you’re not comparing like with like.
* (biology) Being or relating to the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship.
    Infectious agents may spread by horizontal transmission.

#### Antonyms

* vertical

#### Derived terms

* horizontal bar
* horizontal dancing
* horizontal divestiture
* horizontal escalation
* horizontal gene transfer
* horizontal hostility
* horizontal hula
* horizontal integration
* horizontalize
* horizontal jogging
* horizontally
* horizontal machining center
* horizontal mambo
* horizontal market
* horizontalness
* horizontal plane
* horizontal polka
* horizontal proliferation
* horizontal refreshments
* horizontal run
* horizontal sorting
* horizontal stabiliser
* horizontal stabilizer
* horizontal standard
* horizontal tango
* nonhorizontal
* subhorizontal

#### Translations
### Noun

horizontal (plural horizontals)
* A horizontal component of a structure.
* (geology) Horizon.
* A Tasmanian shrub or small tree whose main trunk tends to lean over and grow horizontally, Anodopetalum biglandulosum

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* notorhizal

## Albanian
### Etymology

Probably from English horizontal; the -al adjectival suffix is neither native to Albanian, nor was it borrowed from Latin earlier on.

### Adjective

horizontal (feminine horizontale)
* horizontal

#### Related terms

* horizont

## Asturian
### Adjective

horizontal (epicene, plural horizontales)
* horizontal
    Antonym: vertical

#### Related terms

* horizonte

## French
### Alternative forms

* horisontal

### Etymology

Derived from Latin horizōn (“horizon”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.ʁi.zɔ̃.tal/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: horisontal, horisontale, horisontales, horizontale, horizontales

### Adjective

horizontal (feminine horizontale, masculine plural horizontaux, feminine plural horizontales)
* horizontal
    Antonym: vertical

#### Derived terms

* horizontalement

#### Related terms

* horizon

### Further reading

* “horizontal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Adjective

horizontal m or f (plural horizontais)
* horizontal
    Antonym: vertical

#### Derived terms

* horizontalmente

#### Related terms

* horizonte

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Adjective

horizontal (strong nominative masculine singular horizontaler, not comparable)
* horizontal
    Synonyms: waagrecht, waagerecht
    Antonyms: vertikal, senkrecht

#### Derived terms

* Horizontale

### Further reading

* “horizontal” in Duden online
* “horizontal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch horizontaal (“horizontal”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /horiˈzontal/ [ho.riˈzon.t̪al]
* Rhymes: -ontal
* Syllabification: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

### Noun

horizontal
* horizontal

#### Alternative forms

* horisontal

### Further reading

* “horizontal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From English horizontal, from Middle French horizontal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hɔ.ri.zɔn.təl]
* Rhymes: -təl, -əl
* Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

### Adjective

horizontal (Jawi spelling هوريزونتل)
* Perpendicular to the vertical; horizontal.
    Synonyms: melintang, mendatar, mengufuk
    Antonyms: mencancang, menegak, vertikal

### Further reading

“horizontal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /o.ɾi.zõˈtaw/ [o.ɾi.zõˈtaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtal/ [ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtal/ [ɔ.ɾi.zõˈtaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.ɾi.zõˈta.li/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

### Adjective

horizontal m or f (plural horizontais, not comparable)
* horizontal
    Antonym: vertical

#### Derived terms

* horizontalmente

#### Related terms

* horizonte

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /oɾiθonˈtal/ [o.ɾi.θõn̪ˈt̪al]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /oɾisonˈtal/ [o.ɾi.sõn̪ˈt̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ho‧ri‧zon‧tal

### Adjective

horizontal m or f (masculine and feminine plural horizontales)
* horizontal
    Antonym: vertical
* landscape (a mode of printing where the horizontal sides are longer than the vertical sides; in smartphones)
    Synonym: apaisado

#### Derived terms

* horizontalmente
* línea horizontal
* plano horizontal

#### Related terms

* horizonte

### Further reading

* “horizontal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10