# 曆

| 曆 | U+66C6, &#26310; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C6 |
| ← 曅 [U+66C5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曇 → [U+66C7] |
| 曆 | U+F98B, &#63883; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98B |
| ← 力 [U+F98A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 歷 → [U+F98C] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 曆 |
| Shinjitai | 暦 |
| Simplified | 历 |

### Han character

曆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木日 (MHDA) or 一木日 (MDA), four-corner 7126$_9$, composition ⿸厤日)

#### Related characters

* 歷, 磿

#### Derived characters

* 𤃝, 𦏩

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14171
* Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1536, character 2
* Unihan data for U+66C6
* Unihan data for U+F98B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 曆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 秝 | *reːɡ |
| 歷 | *reːɡ |
| 曆 | *reːɡ |
| 磿 | *reːɡ |
| 靂 | *reːɡ |
| 癧 | *reːɡ |
| 櫪 | *reːɡ |
| 藶 | *reːɡ |
| 瀝 | *reːɡ |
| 攊 | *reːɡ |
| 厤 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).

### Etymology

Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lik$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): let$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): la̍k
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lag$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): lĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): lĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): leh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): la̍h / le̍k / lia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêh$^8$ / lah$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): le$^6$ / li$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$liq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ni$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lik$^6$
*** Yale: lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: let$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /let̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lit̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: lag
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /lak̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /lak̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /li²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: leh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: leh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h
*** Tâi-lô: la̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lah
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
* la̍h - vernacular;
* le̍k/lia̍k - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit曆 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /li⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /li⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /li⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /li²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /li⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /li²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /li²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /l̩⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /li¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /li¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /li²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ni³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /li³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /li⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /liʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /liəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /lei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /li²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /le¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /li²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ni²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lak̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /lɑk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lik̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /liʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /li²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /leʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lek̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: lek
Rime :
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎擊切 |
| Baxter | lek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /liek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /liek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁek/ |
| English | calculate (astronomically) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7981 |
| Phonetic component | 秝 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靂 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːɡ/ |

### Definitions

曆
* calendar

### Compounds

* 七曆 / 七历
* 七曜曆 / 七曜历
* 三統曆 / 三统历
* 世曆 / 世历
* 中曆 / 中历
* 乾象曆 / 干象历
* 休曆 / 休历
* 佛曆 / 佛历 (Fólì)
* 傍通曆 / 傍通历
* 儒略曆 / 儒略历 (rúlüèlì)
* 六曆 / 六历
* 公曆 / 公历 (gōnglì)
* 創曆 / 创历
* 劫曆 / 劫历
* 古曆 / 古历
* 司曆 / 司历
* 命曆 / 命历
* 嗣曆 / 嗣历
* 四分曆 / 四分历
* 回回曆 / 回回历 (Huíhuilì)
* 回曆 / 回历 (Huílì)
* 國曆 / 国历 (guólì)
* 埃及曆 / 埃及历
* 墜曆 / 坠历
* 夏曆 / 夏历 (xiàlì)
* 大明曆 / 大明历
* 大曆 / 大历
* 大曆體 / 大历体
* 大統曆 / 大统历
* 大衍曆 / 大衍历
* 太初曆 / 太初历
* 天曆 / 天历
* 太陰曆 / 太阴历
* 太陽曆 / 太阳历
* 奉元曆 / 奉元历
* 學曆 / 学历
* 官曆 / 官历
* 家曆 / 家历
* 害肚曆 / 害肚历
* 寶曆 / 宝历
* 小曆 / 小历
* 巧曆 / 巧历
* 平曆 / 平历
* 年曆 / 年历
* 廢曆 / 废历
* 建曆 / 建历
* 律曆 / 律历
* 律曆志 / 律历志
* 御曆 / 御历
* 循環曆 / 循环历
* 慶曆 / 庆历
* 應天曆 / 应天历
* 懋曆 / 懋历
* 推曆 / 推历
* 授曆 / 授历
* 掛曆 / 挂历 (guàlì)
* 改曆 / 改历
* 故曆 / 故历
* 文曆 / 文历
* 斗曆
* 新曆 / 新历 (xīnlì)
* 日曆 / 日历 (rìlì)
* 日曆年度 / 日历年度
* 明天曆 / 明天历
* 昌曆 / 昌历
* 星曆 / 星历
* 星曆錶 / 星历表
* 時憲曆 / 时宪历
* 時曆 / 时历
* 景初曆 / 景初历
* 曆元 / 历元 (lìyuán)
* 曆命 / 历命
* 曆圖 / 历图
* 曆始 / 历始
* 曆子 / 历子
* 曆官 / 历官
* 曆室 / 历室
* 曆家 / 历家
* 曆尾 / 历尾
* 曆序 / 历序
* 曆律 / 历律
* 曆數 / 历数 (lìshù)
* 曆日 / 历日 (lìrì)
* 曆書 / 历书 (lìshū)
* 曆本 / 历本 (lìběn)
* 曆氣 / 历气
* 曆法 / 历法 (lìfǎ)
* 曆理 / 历理
* 曆眼 / 历眼
* 曆節 / 历节
* 曆算 / 历算
* 曆紀 / 历纪
* 曆經 / 历经
* 曆翁 / 历翁
* 曆草 / 历草
* 曆莢 / 历荚
* 曆蓂 / 历蓂
* 曆術 / 历术
* 曆象 / 历象
* 曆象表 / 历象表
* 曆運 / 历运
* 曆頭 / 历头 (lìtóu)
* 月曆 / 月历 (yuèlì)
* 朱理安曆 / 朱理安历
* 柳芳曆 / 柳芳历
* 校曆 / 校历 (xiàolì)
* 桌曆 / 桌历
* 格里曆 (Gélǐlì)
* 樓羅曆 / 楼罗历
* 檯曆 / 台历 (táilì)
* 欽天曆 / 钦天历
* 正曆 / 正历
* 步曆 / 步历
* 歲曆 / 岁历
* 殷曆
* 民曆 / 民历
* 水曆 / 水历
* 泰始曆 / 泰始历
* 治曆 / 治历
* 洋曆 / 洋历
* 火曆 / 火历
* 炎曆 / 炎历
* 玉曆 / 玉历
* 班曆 / 班历
* 瑞曆 / 瑞历
* 甲曆 / 甲历
* 百花曆 / 百花历
* 皇曆 / 皇历 (huánglì)
* 短曆 / 短历
* 祥曆 / 祥历
* 萬年曆 / 万年历 (wànniánlì)
* 萬曆 / 万历 (Wànlì)
* 秘曆 / 秘历
* 符曆 / 符历
* 算曆 / 算历
* 簿曆 / 簿历
* 籌曆 / 筹历
* 紀曆 / 纪历
* 紫曆 / 紫历
* 統元曆 / 统元历
* 統天曆 / 统天历
* 總曆 / 总历
* 纂曆 / 纂历
* 纘曆 / 缵历
* 老皇曆 / 老皇历 (lǎohuánglì)
* 聖曆 / 圣历
* 膺曆 / 膺历
* 舊曆 / 旧历 (jiùlì)
* 舊曆年 / 旧历年 (jiùlìnián)
* 舊皇曆 / 旧皇历
* 航海曆 / 航海历
* 花曆 / 花历
* 華曆 / 华历
* 蓂曆 / 蓂历
* 藏曆 / 藏历 (zànglì)
* 行事曆 / 行事历 (xíngshìlì)
* 西曆 / 西历 (xīlì)
* 西曆紀元 / 西历纪元
* 計曆 / 计历
* 訪曆 / 访历
* 調曆 / 调历
* 課曆 / 课历
* 謹曆 / 谨历
* 議曆所 / 议历所
* 買物曆 / 买物历
* 赤曆 / 赤历
* 轉曆 / 转历
* 農曆 / 农历 (nónglì)
* 農曆年 / 农历年 (nónglìnián)
* 農民曆 / 农民历 (nóngmínlì)
* 巡曆 / 巡历
* 通曆 / 通历
* 造曆 / 造历
* 進曆 / 进历
* 過客曆 / 过客历
* 過曆 / 过历
* 運曆 / 运历
* 長曆 / 长历
* 門曆 / 门历
* 陰曆 / 阴历 (yīnlì)
* 陰陽合曆 / 阴阳合历
* 陰陽曆 / 阴阳历 (yīnyánglì)
* 陽曆 / 阳历 (yánglì)
* 隔年曆 / 隔年历
* 頒曆 / 颁历
* 顓帝曆 / 颛帝历
* 額我略曆 / 额我略历
* 顓頊曆 / 颛顼历
* 餘曆 / 余历
* 鳥曆 / 鸟历
* 鳳曆 / 凤历
* 鴻曆 / 鸿历
* 麟德曆 / 麟德历
* 黃曆 / 黄历 (huánglì)

### References

* “曆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 暦 |
| Kyūjitai | 曆 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* calendar
* era

#### Readings

* Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
* Kan-on: れき (reki)
* Kun: こよみ (koyomi, 曆)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曆 (MC lek). Recorded as Middle Korean 력 (lyek) (Yale: lyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 曆 (eumhun 책력 력 (chaengnyeok ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 책력 역 (chaengnyeok yeok))
* hanja form of 력/역 (“calendar”)

#### Compounds

* 서력 (西曆, seoryeok)
* 신력 (新曆, sillyeok)
* 양력 (陽曆, yangnyeok)
* 월력 (月曆, wollyeok)
* 음력 (陰曆, eumnyeok)
* 일력 (日曆, illyeok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曆: Hán Việt readings: lịch
曆: Nôm readings: rếch, rích, rịch
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.