# 近代
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìndài
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^6$ doi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiun-thoi
    (Hailu, HRS): kiun$^˖$ toi$^˖$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kūn-tāi / kǔn-tāi / kīn-tāi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìndài
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìndài
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: jìn-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnday
*** Palladius: цзиньдай (czinʹdaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$晉代 / 晋代 近代
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^6$ doi$^6$
*** Yale: gahn doih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^6$ doi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^6$ doi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn²² tɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiun-thoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: giun toi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giun$^4$ toi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯un⁵⁵ tʰoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^˖$ toi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiun³³ tʰoi³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn-tāi
*** Tâi-lô: kūn-tāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuxndai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²⁻²¹ tai²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun³³⁻¹¹ tai³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn-tāi
*** Tâi-lô: kǔn-tāi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²² tai⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn-tāi
*** Tâi-lô: kīn-tāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kixndai
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin³³⁻²¹ tai³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²⁻²¹ tai²²/

### Noun

近代
* near-modern times; recent era
    近代個人主義／近代个人主义 ― jìndài gerénzhǔyì ― modern individualism
       Cǐ shuō shìfǒu wéi lìshǐ shìshí, jìndài pōyǒu zhēngyì. [Pinyin]
       Whether this theory is historical fact has been a source of considerable contention in recent times.

#### Usage notes

In China, this time period is defined as:
* Between the First Opium War (1840) and the May Fourth Movement (1919) in Chinese history, and
* Between the English Civil War (mid-17th century) and the October Revolution in Russia (1917) in world history.

#### Synonyms

* 近世 (jìnshì)

#### Derived terms

* 近代史 (jìndàishǐ)
* 近現代 / 近现代 (jìnxiàndài)

#### Related terms

* 當代／当代 (dāngdài)
* 現代／现代 (xiàndài)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 近代(きんだい) (kindai)
* → Korean: 근대(近代) (geundae)
* → Vietnamese: cận đại (近代)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 近 | 代 |
| きん Grade: 2 | だい Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Etymology

近 (“near”) +‎ 代 (“age; period”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんだい [kíꜜǹdàì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩnda̠i]

### Noun

近(きん)代(だい) • (kindai)
* modern times, variously described as encompassing the Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, the Reformation and the rise of modern capitalism; or from the Meiji Restoration to the end of the Pacific War, which is then followed by 現代 (gendai)

#### Derived terms

* 近(きん)代(だい)化(か) (kindaika, “modernization”)

### See also

* 近(きん)世(せい) (kinsei)
* 古(こ)代(だい) (kodai)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 近 | 代 |

### Noun

近代 • (geundae) (hangeul 근대)
* hanja form of 근대 (“late modern period”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 近 | 代 |

### Noun

近代
* chữ Hán form of cận đại (“pre-modern”).