# сан
## Budukh
### Etymology

Akin to Avar сон (son) and Lak шин (šin) and Udi усен (usen).

### Noun

сан • (san)
* year

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic санъ (sanŭ) (u-stem), probably of Oghur origin. Cognate with Turkish san (“reputation”), Turkmen san (“account”), Kazakh санау (sanau, “count”), Tatar san (“number”) and akin to dialectal Turkish sаnаmаk (“to take into account”), Uzbek sanamoq (“to count”) from Proto-Turkic *sā(j)- (“to count, to determine”). Through another suffix is perhaps Bulgarian самчия (samčija, “(old-time) governor”).

### Noun

сан • (san) m
* (literary, obsolescent) rank, administrative position

#### Derived terms

* осанка (osanka)
* сановит (sanovit)
* сановник (sanovnik)

### References

* “сан”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сан”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 457

### Anagrams

* нас (nas)

## Buryat
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠰᠠᠩ (sang, “granary”), from Mandarin 倉 / 仓 (cāng, “granary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /säɴ/, [sʰä̟ɴ̟]
* Hyphenation: сан
* Rhymes: -an

### Noun

сан • (san) ($^{???}$ please provide spelling!)
* treasury; exchequer
* fund, stock, reserve

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Alternative forms

* һан (han)

## Chechen
### Pronoun

сан • (san)
* genitive singular of со (so)

## Dungan
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum, cognate to Standard Mandarin 三 (sān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sæ̃²⁴/

### Numeral

сан • (san) (I)
* three

## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *san, from Proto-Uralic *sëne. Compare Finnish suoni, Estonian soon, Kildin Sami сӯнн (sūnn), Eastern Mari шӱн (šün), Udmurt сӧн (sön), Hungarian ín.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑn/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

сан • (san)
* (anatomy) vein
    верень сан ― vereń san ― blood vessel
* (anatomy) tendon, sinew
* (dialectal, anatomy) penis
** Heikki Paasonen, Mordwinisches Wörterbuch
    koda lomań v́ijse͔nᴣe͔, ḱeḿe sonᴣo sanozo — Wenn der Mann (‘Mensch’) bei Kräften ist, ist sein Glied stark.[literal translation from Erzya] when a man is in his strength, firm his penis is — [German translation]

#### Synonyms

* (of "penis"): папа, дёрть (papa , ďorť)

#### Derived terms

* Саназей (Sanazej, “a spirit/deity that rules over the penis”)

### References

* ↑ сан (san) in Álgu-tietokanta, Kotimaisten kielten keskus
* ↑ Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎, Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | سان |
| Cyrillic | сан |
| Latin | san |

### Noun

сан • (san)
* number
* thigh

#### Declension
## Khakas
### Noun

сан • (san)
* number
* counting, calculation

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan/, [ˈsän]
* Hyphenation: сан

### Noun

сан • (san)
* wolverine (Gulo gulo)

#### Declension

Possessive declension of сан :

#### Synonyms

* латшӧг (lačög)

### References

* Anu-Reet Hauzenberg (1972) Названия животных в коми языке [Names of animals in the Komi language], Tallinn: Estonian Academy of Sciences, page 38
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 573

## Kumyk
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

сан • (san)
* member
* limb (body part)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

сан • (san)
* quality

### Declension

| | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | сан (san) | санлар (sanlar) |
| accusative | санны (sannı) | санланы (sanlanı) |
| dative | сангъа (sanğa) | санлагъа (sanlağa) |
| locative | санда (sanda) | санларда (sanlarda) |
| ablative | сандан (sandan) | санлардан (sanlardan) |
| genitive | санны (sannı) | санланы (sanlanı) |
| 1sg | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | саным (sanım) | санларым (sanlarım) |
| accusative | санымны (sanımnı) | санларымны (sanlarımnı) |
| dative | санымгъа (sanımğa) | санларыма (sanlarıma) |
| locative | санымда (sanımda) | санларымда (sanlarımda) |
| ablative | санымдан (sanımdan) | санларымдан (sanlarımdan) |
| genitive | санымны (sanımnı) | санларымны (sanlarımnı) |
| 1pl | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | саныбыз (sanıbız) | санларыбыз (sanlarıbız) |
| accusative | саныбызны (sanıbıznı) | санларыбызны (sanlarıbıznı) |
| dative | саныбызгъа (sanıbızğa) | санларыбызгъа (sanlarıbızğa) |
| locative | саныбызда (sanıbızda) | санларыбызда (sanlarıbızda) |
| ablative | саныбыздан (sanıbızdan) | санларыбыздан (sanlarıbızdan) |
| genitive | саныбызны (sanıbıznı) | санларыбызны (sanlarıbıznı) |
| 2sg | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | санынгъ (sanınğ) | санларынгъ (sanlarınğ) |
| accusative | санынгъны (sanınğnı) | санларынгъны (sanlarınğnı) |
| dative | санынгъа (sanınğa) | санларынгъа (sanlarınğa) |
| locative | санынгъда (sanınğda) | санларынгъда (sanlarınğda) |
| ablative | санынгъдан (sanınğdan) | санларынгъдан (sanlarınğdan) |
| genitive | санынгъны (sanınğnı) | санларынгъны (sanlarınğnı) |
| 2pl | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | саныгъыз (sanığız) | санларыгъыз (sanlarığız) |
| accusative | саныгъызны (sanığıznı) | санларыгъызны (sanlarığıznı) |
| dative | саныгъызгъа (sanığızğa) | санларыгъызгъа (sanlarığızğa) |
| locative | саныгъызда (sanığızda) | санларыгъызда (sanlarığızda) |
| ablative | саныгъыздан (sanığızdan) | санларыбыздан (sanlarıbızdan) |
| genitive | саныгъызны (sanığıznı) | санларыгъызны (sanlarığıznı) |
| 3 | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | саны (sanı) | санлары (sanları) |
| accusative | санын (sanın) | санларын (sanların) |
| dative | санына (sanına) | санларына (sanlarına) |
| locative | санында (sanında) | санларында (sanlarında) |
| ablative | санындан (sanından) | санларындан (sanlarından) |
| genitive | саныны (sanını) | санларыны (sanlarını) |

### Further reading

* Бамматов Б.Г., editor (2013), “сан”, in Кумыкско-русский словарь [Kumyk–Russian dictionary], Makhachkala: ИЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН

## Kyrgyz
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-n (“number”), from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”). Compare to Kazakh сан (san), Shor сан, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑn/
* Hyphenation: сан (one syllable)

### Noun

сан • (san) (Arabic spelling سان)
* number

#### Derived terms

* санарип (sanarip)

#### See also

* саноо (sanoo)

## Moksha
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *san, from Proto-Uralic *sëne. Cognates include Erzya сан (san).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan/
* Rhymes: -an
* Hyphenation: сан

### Noun

сан • (san)
* (anatomy) tendon, sinew

#### Derived terms

* верзан (verzan)

### References

* V. I. Shchankina (1993) “сан”, in Мокшень-рузонь валкс [Moksha-Russian dictionary], Saransk: MKI, →ISBN, page 137

## Mongolian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saŋ/

### Etymology 1

Usually taken to be an old loan from Chinese 倉 / 仓 (cāng, “granary”).
Found already in Middle Mongol, but not reconstructable for Proto-Mongolic.

#### Noun

сан • (san) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)); (hidden-g declension)
* treasury
* treasure
* fund
* store, storehouse
* shop

##### Derived terms

* номын сан (nomyn san)
* үгсийн сан (ügsiin san)
* эмийн сан (emiin san)

### Etymology 2

From Tibetan བསངས་ (bsangs).

#### Noun

сан • (san) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)); (hidden-g declension)
* (Buddhism) A kind of smoke ritual in which incense or juniper branches are burnt.
    Hypernym: зан үйл (zan üjl)

#### See also

* хүж (xüž, “incense”)
* арц (arc, “juniper”)

## Nogai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-. Cognate to Karakalpak san, etc.

### Noun

сан • (san)
* number

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “сан”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-n (“number”), from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”).

### Noun

сан • (san)
* number

### References

* Кумандинско-Русский Словарь

## Russian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic санъ (sanŭ) (u-stem), probably of Oghur origin. Cognate with Turkish san (“reputation”), Turkmen san (“account”), Kazakh санау (sanau, “count”), Tatar san (“number”) and akin to dial. Turkish sаnаmаk (“to take into account”), Uzbek sanamoq (“to count”) from Proto-Turkic *sā(j)- (“to count, to determine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [san]
* Rhymes: -an

### Noun

сан • (san) m inan (genitive са́на, nominative plural саны́, genitive plural сано́в)
* religious title/order/rank, dignity
    Synonym: чин (čin)

#### Derived terms

* оса́нка f (osánka)
* санови́тый (sanovítyj)
* сано́вник m anim (sanóvnik)
* сано́вный (sanóvnyj)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сан”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “сан”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 138

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sân/

### Noun

са̏н m (Latin spelling sȁn)
* sleep
* dream
    Шта си видела у том сну? ― What did you see in that dream?
** 1993, Бајага и Инструктори (lyrics and music), “Ово је Балкан”, in Бајага и Инструктори (lyrics), Музика на струју‎, performed by Бајага и Инструктори, Продукција Стиг:Ово је овде Балкан, Земља из сна, Између моћних сила Добра и зла.This here is the Balkans A land from dreams Between powerful forces Good and evil.

#### Derived terms

* са̏нак
* са̀нен
* са́њати
* сни̏ти
* сно̀вати
* сно̀вид
* сно̏вит

### References

* “сан”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Shor
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-n (“number”), from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”).

### Noun

сан • (san)
* number

## Southern Altai
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sān. Cognate with Kazakh сан (san), Kyrgyz сан (san), Crimean Tatar san, Kumyk сан (san, “limp”), Tatar сан (san, “limp”), etc.

#### Noun

сан • (san)
* thigh

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *sā-n. Cognate to Kyrgyz сан (san), Kazakh сан (san), Kumyk сан (san), etc.

#### Noun

сан • (san)
* number

### Synonyms

* сагыш (sagïš)

### References

* Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1911) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects] (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 297
* Сравнительно-историческая, Грамматика Тюркских языков, Региональные Реконструкции, 267 pages.