OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# tach
## English
### Etymology 1

Clipping of tachometer

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tæk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æk

#### Noun

tach (plural tachs)
* (informal) Clipping of tachometer.

##### Derived terms

* tach up

### Etymology 2

Backslang for hat (with /tʃ/ substituted for the /h/).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tæt͡ʃ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ætʃ

#### Noun

tach (plural taches)
* (obsolete, costermongers) A hat.
** c. 1864, Alfred Peck Stevens, “The Chickaleary Cove”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris‎, published 1896, page 161:I have a rorty gal, also a knowing pal, / And merrily together we jog on, / I doesn't care a flatch, as long as I've a tach, / Some pannum for my chest, and a tog on.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tæk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æk

#### Noun

tach (uncountable)
* (medicine, colloquial) Tachycardia.
    wide-complex tach
    V-tach

##### Derived terms

* v-tach

### Anagrams

* ACTH, CHAT, Cath, cath, cath., chat

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* dach (Sette Comuni)

### Etymology

From Middle High German dach, from Old High German dah, from Proto-Germanic *þaką (“roof, cover”). Cognate with German Dach, English thack.

### Noun

tach f
* (Luserna) roof

#### Declension
### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Unknown. Perhaps related to trasch or Modern English tatch (“to set grass on fire”).

#### Noun

tach (uncountable)
* touchwood, tinder

##### Alternative forms

* tache, tasch, tasche, tasshe

#### References

* “tach(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old French tache (“stain, spot”), of uncertain origin; perhaps a native derivation, or borrowed from Gothic.

#### Noun

tach (plural taches)
* characteristic
* disfigurement, blemish
* symbol, sign

##### Alternative forms

* tacche, tachche, tatche, tak, tech, teche, tecche, tetche

##### Descendants

* English: tache, tatch (“stain”)
* Scots: tache
* ⇒? English: tetchy

#### References

* “tach(e, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

tach (third-person singular simple present tacheth, present participle tachinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle taught)
* Alternative form of techen

## Muong
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *dac ~ tac. Cognate with Vietnamese đặt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tac⁷/

### Verb

tach
* (Mường Bi) to place; to put

### References

* Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎, Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội
# amped
## English
### Etymology

Elision of amplified.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æmpt/
* Rhymes: -æmpt

### Verb

amped
* simple past and past participle of amp

### Adjective

amped (comparative more amped, superlative most amped)
* Activated, as with electric power.
** 1990, Mary Jo Winer, Strategies for Reducing Natural Gas, Electric and Oil Costs, page 324:All four motors should be amped to check the loading on the motors before new motors are installed. The amp checks might reveal that a smaller size motor could be use
** 2013, S.C. Stephens, Reckless:Two guitars were amped and miked, while a third space was empty and waiting for Kellan's guitar.
* (colloquial) Excited or full of energy, especially to excess.
    Synonyms: amped up, psyched up
** 1991, Surfing, volume 27, number 1:If I listen to fast music before I go out in a heat, it gets me too amped out and then I can't concentrate on my surfing.
** 2004, Steve Parish, Joe Layden, Home Before Daylight: My Life on the Road with the Grateful Dead:But I didn't care. I was twenty-two years old. I was invincible. “Keep it going,” Sparky said at one point. He was too amped to sleep, so he turned on the radio and cranked the volume.
** 2010, Ryan G. Van Cleave, Unplugged: My Journey into the Dark World of Video Game Addiction:But whether the guy was fiddling too intently with the XM radio tuner or was simply too amped on NoDoz and cheap cigarettes, speeding along to a New Year's Eve party, he keeps driving.
** 2011, Ben Marcus, The Skateboard: The Good, the Rad, and the Gnarly, page 233:Hawk ate it, and ate it again and again, and failed four times before regulation time ran out. But Hawk kept going; the crowd was amped to see history made, and Tony was amped to make it

#### Derived terms

* amped up
* biamped
* overamped
* triamped

### Anagrams

* AMEPD, demap
# brink
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English brinke, brenke, from Old Norse *brenka, brekka, from Proto-Germanic *brinkǭ, *brinkaz (“hill, edge (of land)”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to project”). Cognate with Dutch brink (“grassland”), regional German Brink, Icelandic brekka (“slope”); also Tocharian B prenke (“island”), Irish braine (“prow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɹɪŋk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪŋk

### Noun

brink (plural brinks)
* The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge.
    the brink of a river
* (figurative) The edge or border.
    the brink of success

#### Derived terms

* brinkless
* brinkmanship
* brinkmate
* brink pink
* brinksman
* on the brink
* on the brink of
* sea-brink

#### Further reading

* “brink”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “brink”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch brinc, from Old Dutch brink, from Proto-Germanic *brinkaz.
Cognate with English brink.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɪŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: brink
* Rhymes: -ɪŋk

### Noun

brink m (plural brinken, diminutive brinkje n)
* village green, functioning as a central square
* edge or margin of a field
* edge or margin of a hill
* grassy edge or margin of a strip of land
* grassland

#### Derived terms

* brinkdorp

## Middle English
### Noun

brink
* Alternative form of brinke
# domesticar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From domèstic +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [du.məs.tiˈka]
* IPA: (Balearic) [do.məs.tiˈka]
* IPA: (Valencia) [do.mes.tiˈkaɾ]

### Verb

domesticar (first-person singular present domestico, first-person singular preterite domestiquí, past participle domesticat)
* (transitive) to domesticate

#### Derived terms

* domesticació

### Further reading

* “domesticar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “domesticar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “domesticar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “domesticar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From doméstico +‎ -ar.

### Verb

domesticar (first-person singular present domestico, first-person singular preterite domestiquei, past participle domesticado)
* to domesticate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* domesticable
* domesticación

### Further reading

* “domesticar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From doméstico +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /do.meʃ.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [do.meʃ.t͡ʃiˈka(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /do.mes.t͡ʃiˈka(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /du.mɨʃ.tiˈkaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /du.mɨʃ.tiˈkaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /du.mɨʃ.tiˈka.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: do‧mes‧ti‧car

### Verb

domesticar (first-person singular present domestico, first-person singular preterite domestiquei, past participle domesticado)
* to domesticate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* domesticação

### Further reading

* “domesticar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From doméstico +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /domestiˈkaɾ/ [d̪o.mes.t̪iˈkaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: do‧mes‧ti‧car

### Verb

domesticar (first-person singular present domestico, first-person singular preterite domestiqué, past participle domesticado)
* to domesticate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* domesticable
* domesticación

### Further reading

* “domesticar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ničit
## Czech
### Etymology

From nic +‎ -it.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲɪt͡ʃɪt]

### Verb

ničit impf (perfective zničit)
* to damage

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | ničit, ničiti | Active adjective | ničící |
| Verbal noun | ničení | Passive adjective | ničený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | ničím | ničíme | — | ničme |
| 2nd person | ničíš | ničíte | nič | ničte |
| 3rd person | ničí | ničí | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive ničit.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | ničil | ničili | ničen | ničeni |
| masculine inanimate | ničil | ničily | ničen | ničeny |
| feminine | ničila | ničily | ničena | ničeny |
| neuter | ničilo | ničila | ničeno | ničena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | niče | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | ničíc | — |
| plural | ničíce | — |

#### Derived terms

* ničitelský
* ničivý
* ničení
* ničitel
* ničivost
* doničit
* poničit
* zničit

### Further reading

* “ničiti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “ničiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “ničit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# odolat
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech odolati. By surface analysis, o- +‎ dolat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈodolat]

### Verb

odolat pf (imperfective odolávat)
* to resist [with dative ‘something’]
    Antonym: neodolat
    Mohu odolat všemu kromě pokušení. ― I can resist everything except temptation.

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | odolat, odolati | Active adjective | odolavší |
| Verbal noun | odolání | Passive adjective | odolaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | odolám | odoláme | — | odolejme |
| 2nd person | odoláš | odoláte | odolej | odolejte |
| 3rd person | odolá | odolají | — | — |
* The verb odolat does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | odolal | odolali | odolán | odoláni |
| masculine inanimate | odolal | odolaly | odolán | odolány |
| feminine | odolala | odolaly | odolána | odolány |
| neuter | odolalo | odolala | odoláno | odolána |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | odolav |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | odolavši |
| plural | — | odolavše |

#### Derived terms

* odolný m

### Further reading

* “odolati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “odolati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “odolat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# शर्करा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā). Doublet of शक्कर (śakkar). Cognate of English sugar.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃəɾ.kə.ɾɑː/, [ʃɐɾ.kɐ.ɾäː]

### Noun

शर्करा • (śarkarā) f (Urdu spelling شرکرا)
* (formal) sugar (granulated or candied)
    Synonyms: चीनी (cīnī), शक्कर (śakkar)
* (chemistry) glucose, saccharose

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शर्करा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕəɾ.kə.ɾa/

### Noun

शर्करा • (śarkarā) f
* (sciences) sugar
    Synonym: साखर (sākhar)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शर्करा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* শৰ্কৰা (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬃᬓᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
* শর্করা (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ၐရ်္ကရာ (Burmese script)
* શર્કરા (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਰ੍ਕਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦂꦏꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂩𑂹𑂍𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಶರ್ಕರಾ (Kannada script)
* ឝក៌រា (Khmer script)
* ຨຣ຺ກຣາ (Lao script)
* ശര്കരാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠠᡵᡬᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠠᠷᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑦮𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଶର୍କରା (Odia script)
* ꢯꢬ꣄ꢒꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ශර්‍කරා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩼 𑪙𑩜𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚤𑚶𑚊𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
* ஶர்கரா (Tamil script)
* శర్కరా (Telugu script)
* ศรฺกรา (Thai script)
* ཤ་རྐ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨫𑩇𑨋𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”), whence English crocodile.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ́ɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕɐɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/

### Noun

शर्करा • (śárkarā) stem, f
* gravel, grit, pebbles, shingle, gravelly mould or soil (mostly plural)
* gravel (as a disease)
* hardening of the flesh
* hardening of the ear-wax
* ground or candied sugar
* a fragment or piece of broken earthenware, potsherd
* cotton sugar, sugarmaple

#### Borrowed terms

* → Bengali: শর্করা (śorkora)
* → Gujarati: શર્કરા (śarkarā)
* → Hindi: शर्करा (śarkarā)
* → Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕರೆ (sakkare), ಶರ್ಕರೆ (śarkare)
* → Malayalam: ശർക്കര (śaṟkkara), ചക്കര (cakkara)
** → Portuguese: jágara, jacre, jagra, jagre, xágara
*** → English: jaggery, jaggary, jagghery, jaggory, jaggry, jagra
**** → French: jagré
**** → Japanese: ジャガリー (jagarī), ジャッガリー (jaggarī)
**** → Scottish Gaelic: seagaraidh
* → Old Javanese: sarkara
** Javanese: ꦱꦂꦏꦫ (sarkara)
* → Tamil: சர்க்கரை (carkkarai), சக்கரை (cakkarai) — colloquial
* → Telugu: చక్కెర (cakkera)
* → Nihali: सक्रय

#### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara) (see there for further descendants)
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā) (see there for further descendants)
* Pali: sakkharā (see there for further descendants)
# fotograficzny
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English photographic, French photographique, German fotografisch. By surface analysis, fotografia +‎ -iczny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔ.tɔ.ɡraˈfit͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: fo‧to‧gra‧ficz‧ny

### Adjective

fotograficzny (not comparable, derived adverb fotograficznie)
* (photography, relational) photographic

#### Related terms

* fotka
* foto
* fotograf
* fotografia
* fotografik
* fotografka
* fotos
* fotografować impf
* sfotografować pf

### Further reading

* fotograficzny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fotograficzny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# gwiazda
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gvězda.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡvjaz.da/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈɡvjɒz.da/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -azda
* Syllabification: gwiaz‧da
* Homophone: Gwiazda

### Noun

gwiazda f (diminutive gwiazdka)
* star (luminous celestial body)
* (figurative) star (celebrity)
* (gymnastics) cartwheel (gymnastic maneuver)

#### Derived terms

* gwiazda betlejemska

#### Related terms

* bezgwiezdny
* gwiazdowy
* gwiaździsty
* gwiezdny
* gwieździsty
* rozgwieżdżony
* gwiazdnica
* gwiazdor
* gwiazdosz
* gwiazdozbiór
* rozgwiazda
* rozgwieździć pf
* rozgwieżdżać impf

### Further reading

* gwiazda in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gwiazda in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* gwiazdy in PWN's encyclopedia
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “gwiazda”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “GWIAZDA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.08.2008
# architectonics
## English
### Noun

architectonics (uncountable)
* The science pertaining to architecture

#### Derived terms

* angioarchitectonics
* cytoarchitectonics
* histoarchitectonics
* myeloarchitectonics
* nanoarchitectonics
* neuroarchitectonics
# causation
## English
### Etymology

From cause +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kôz, IPA: /kɔːˈzeɪ.ʃən/, [kʰoːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /kɔˈzeɪ.ʃən/, [kʰɒːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən]
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /kɑˈzeɪ.ʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

causation (countable and uncountable, plural causations)
* The act of causing.
* The act or agency by which an effect is produced.
** 1837, William Whewell, “Earliest Stages of Optics”, in History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Times. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, book II (History of the Physical Sciences in Ancient Greece), page 100:Aristotle's views led him to try to describe the kind of causation by which vision is produced, instead of the laws by which it is exercised; and the attempt consisted, as in other subjects, of indistinct principles, and ill-combined facts.
* Cause and effect, considered as a system.
    Synonym: causality

#### Derived terms

* causational
* causationism
* causationist
* noncausation
* reverse causation

#### See also

* ætiology, aetiology, etiology

### Further reading

* “causation”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “causation”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# burgeoning
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /ˈbɜː.d͡ʒə.nɪŋ/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈbɝ.d͡ʒə.nɪŋ/
** Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

burgeoning
* present participle and gerund of burgeon

#### Derived terms

* burgeoningly

### Noun

burgeoning (plural burgeonings)
* The act of budding or sprouting.
* A bud or branch.
* (by extension) A new growth or expansion of something.

#### Translations
### Adjective

burgeoning (comparative more burgeoning, superlative most burgeoning)
* That buds, grows or expands; developing.
** September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian‎:burgeoning royal expenditure had been negligently nodded through by a complacent government and a compliant parliament at a time of renewed austerity and unemployment.
# encouraged
## English
### Adjective

encouraged (comparative more encouraged, superlative most encouraged)
* Having been given hope or encouragement.
** 2004, Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu, Human Resource Management in China:The results for item 1 indicate that in 1994-5 employees in the public sector were more encouraged to participate in management than those in the non-public sector and the impact of the ownership type is significant.
** 2004, Andris K Tebecis, Is The Future In Our Hands-My Experiences With Sukyo Mahikari, page 312:You would certainly feel more encouraged and willing to make efforts for humans if they looked at you with joy and gratitude and encouraged you with positive words.
** 2021, Ryan Rogers, Media Feedback: Our Lives in Loops, page 31:Participants felt more enjoyment from the media feedback when they felt more encouraged, more competent, more autonomy, and that the information was accurate.

#### Derived terms

* unencouraged

### Verb

encouraged
* simple past and past participle of encourage
# celebration
## English
### Etymology

From Old French celebration, from Latin celebratio.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌsɛlɪˈbɹeɪʃən/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˌsɛləˈbɹeɪʃən/, /ˌsɛlˈbɹeɪʃən/
* Hyphenation: cel‧e‧bra‧tion
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

celebration (countable and uncountable, plural celebrations)
* The formal performance of a solemn rite, such as Christian sacrament.
    We will attend the Christmas celebration in church.
* The observance of a holiday or feast day, as by solemnities.
* The act, process of showing appreciation, gratitude and/or remembrance, notably as a social event.
    She jumped in the air in celebration.
* A social gathering for entertainment and fun; a party.
    We're having a little celebration tomorrow for Martin's scholarship.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:celebration

#### Derived terms

* celebrappeal
* celebrational
* celebrationary
* celebrationless
* celebration of life
* concelebration
* goal celebration
* noncelebration
* precelebration
* recelebration
* uncelebration

#### Related terms

* celebrant
* celebrate
* celebrator
* celebrity

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* eniclobrate
# dunged
## English
### Adjective

dunged (comparative more dunged, superlative most dunged)
* Fertilized with dung.
** 1777, M. Roussel, “Letter to M. Dahamel”, in The Complete Farmer, page 10:I perceived no sensible difference between the dunged and the undunged beds.
** 1903, Bernard Dyer, “Fertilisers for Market Garden Crops”, in Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture, volume 9, page 478:There has never been any substantial advantage shown by the heavily dunged plot over the lightly dunged plot. During the first three seasons the size and weight of the asparagus grown was about the same on both the dunged plots.
** 2010, Aaron Brachfeld, Mary Choate, Horse Hoeing Husbandry, Fifth Edition, page 163:Wider aisles are better; in experiments, dung without hoeing did not equal hoeing without dung, and among 12 differences of wider and narrower aisles and beds (each wider trial being proportionally more dunged) and a control trial of broadcasting, wider did better and that which was broadcasted did worst of all: broadcasted yielded only 20% of that which was widest and most hoed

#### Derived terms

* overdunged
* undunged

### Verb

dunged
* simple past and past participle of dung

### Anagrams

* dudgen, nudged
# কায়েম
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَائِم (qā'im), from Arabic قَائِم (qāʔim, “standing, erect, upright”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /kae̯m/, [ˈkae̯m]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /kae̯m/, [ˈkae̯m]

### Adjective

কায়েম • (kaẏem) (comparative আরও কায়েম, superlative সবচেয়ে কায়েম)
* (Islam) firm, steadfast (in terms of religious duties)
* (Islam) established (in terms of religious duties)
    আল্লাহ বলেছেন সালাত কায়েম করতে।allah bolechen śalat kaẏem korote.God ordered for the establishment of prayer.(literally, “God has told to make prayer established.”)
* intact

#### Related terms

* একামত (ekamot)
* কওম (koōm)
* কেয়ামত (keẏamot)
* সিরাতুল মুস্তাকিম (śiratul mustakim)