# calender
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkæləndə/
* (General American) enPR: kălʹəndər, IPA: /ˈkæləndɚ/
* Rhymes: -æləndə(ɹ)
* Homophones: calendar, qalandar, Callander

### Etymology 1

* From Middle French calandre, from Late Latin calendra, altered from Latin cylindrus (“cylinder”), from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros). Doublet of calander and cylinder.
* This spelling calender was introduced in the 17th century to differentiate the machine from the chronological senses of calendar.

#### Noun

calender (plural calenders)
* Calender machine A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance; it consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
* One who pursues the business of calendering.

##### Synonyms

* (one in the business or trade of calendering): calenderer

##### Derived terms

* calendry
* runic calender
* supercalender

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English calendren, from Middle French calandrer.

#### Verb

calender (third-person singular simple present calenders, present participle calendering, simple past and past participle calendered)
* To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper etc., as in a calender.
** 1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter IV, in The Jungle, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1906 February 26, →OCLC:He brought out the placard, which was quite a work of art. It was nearly two feet long, printed on calendered paper, with a selection of colors so bright that they shone even in the moonlight.

##### Derived terms

* calenderer
* recalender

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Classical Persian قلندر (qalandar, “wandering dervish”), from Arabic قَلَنْدَار (qalandār, “wandering dervish”), itself from Early Classical Persian کلندر (kalandar, “uncouth man”), from کلند (kaland, “rough, unshaven”).

#### Noun

calender (plural calenders)
* Alternative spelling of qalandar

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

calender (plural calenders)
* Obsolete form of calendar.
** 1594, Rob[ert] Abbot, A Mirrour of Popish Subtilties: […], London: […] Thomas Creede, for Thomas Woodcocke, […], page 104:[…] and maruell it is, that for this cauſe he was not ſainted in the Roman Calender.
** 1602, Simon Patrike, transl., The Estate of the Church, with the Discourse of Times, from the Apostles vntill This Present: […], London: […] Thomas Creede, page 648:To theſe the D. of Wittenberge and the Senate of Ulme ioyned their Embaſſadors, who the 4. day of Iune, which according to the Gregorian Calender was the 14. doo ſo arbitrate the matter, that al faults remitted, they after that throghout the whole Citie, ſhould follow the new Calender, which ſhould be kept in policies, and both the Churches of Religion.
** 1653, Jeremy Shakerley, Tabulæ Britannicæ: The British Tables: […], London: […] R[obert] and W[illiam] Leybourn, for Robert Boydell, […], page 21:The other two we ſearch not by Calculation, but Tables, and this two wayes, viz that we may ſatisfie both the Calenders, as well Julian as Gregorian, which as they do not altogether partake of one forme of year; ſo do they neceſſarily varie in their Indiecs of week dayes, and feaſts. The Tables ſhew how in both the Calenders the Dominicall letters anſwer to the Cycle of the Sun, and the Epacts to the golden number in the old Calender perpetually, but in the new one to the year 1700 excluſive, and in the new Calender to the year 1900 excluſive. Nor will it be difficult, by the help of the Table of anticipation to extend theſe Tables further, if the way how the Calender was corrected be fully known.
* Misspelling of calendar.

### References

* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “calender”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition
* Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
* ↑ “calendren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “calender, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Anagrams

* encradle

## Middle English
### Noun

calender
* Alternative form of kalender