# σκοπέω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σκοπεύω (skopeúō)

### Etymology

From σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop-, the o-grade of *sḱep-, a metathesis of *speḱ-, from which also comes σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider, think, speculate”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sko.pé.ɔː/ → /skoˈpe.o/ → /skoˈpe.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sko.pé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /skoˈpe.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /skoˈpe.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /skoˈpe.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /skoˈpe.o/

### Verb

σκοπέω • (skopéō)
* to look, look at, behold; examine, inspect
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.5:μηκέθ’ ἁλίου σκόπει ἄλλο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεννὸν ἄστρον ἐρήμας δι’ αἰθέροςmēkéth’ halíou skópei állo thalpnóteron en hamérāi phaennòn ástron erḗmas di’ aithéroslook no further for any star warmer than the sun, shining by day through the lonely sky
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 467:καιρὸς γὰρ καλεῖ πλοῦν μὴ ’ξ ἀπόπτου μᾶλλον ἢ ’γγύθεν σκοπεῖν.kairòs gàr kaleî ploûn mḕ ’x apóptou mâllon ḕ ’ngúthen skopeîn.Yes, since opportunity bids us watch near our ship for a fair wind, rather than from afar.
* (figuratively) to contemplate, consider
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.8:ἐν τοῖσι ἓν τόδε ἐστί, σκοπέειν τινὰ τὰ ἑωυτοῦ.en toîsi hèn tóde estí, skopéein tinà tà heōutoû.one of these is that one should mind one's own business.
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.32:σκοπέειν δὲ χρὴ παντὸς χρήματος τὴν τελευτήν, κῇ ἀποβήσεταιskopéein dè khrḕ pantòs khrḗmatos tḕn teleutḗn, kêi apobḗsetaiIt is necessary to see how the end of every affair turns out
** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 182a:σκόπει δή μοι τόδε αὐτῶν·skópei dḗ moi tóde autôn;Then just examine this point of their doctrine.
* to look for
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.7.32:σκοπεῖτε παῦλάν τινα αὐτῶν·skopeîte paûlán tina autôn;look about for some means of stopping them;
* (middle voice) like active, perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 68:ὁρῶ, σκοποῦμαι δ’ ὄμμα πανταχῆ στρέφων.horô, skopoûmai d’ ómma pantakhê stréphōn.I am watching. Every side I turn mine eye.

#### Usage notes

Earlier writers use only the present and imperfect, with other tenses supplied by σκέπτομαι (sképtomai).

#### Derived terms

* ἀνᾰσκοπέω (anăskopéō)
* ἀποσκοπέω (aposkopéō)
* ἀστεροσκοπέω (asteroskopéō)
* ἀστροσκοπέω (astroskopéō)
* διαμορφοσκοπέομαι (diamorphoskopéomai)
* δῐᾰσκοπέω (dĭăskopéō)
* ἐπῐσκοπέω (epĭskopéō)
* εὐθυσκοπέω (euthuskopéō)
* ἡμεροσκοπέω (hēmeroskopéō)
* ἡπᾰτοσκοπέω (hēpătoskopéō)
* θυννοσκοπέω (thunnoskopéō)
* ἱεροσκοπέομαι (hieroskopéomai)
* ἰχνοσκοπέω (ikhnoskopéō)
* κᾰτᾰσκοπέω (kătăskopéō)
* ὁδοσκοπέω (hodoskopéō)
* οἰωνοσκοπέω (oiōnoskopéō)
* ὀρθοσκοπέω (orthoskopéō)
* ὀρνεοσκοπέω (orneoskopéō)
* ὀρνῑθοσκοπέομαι (ornīthoskopéomai)
* πᾰρᾰσκοπέω (părăskopéō)
* περισκοπέω (periskopéō)
* προσκοπέω (proskopéō)
* προσσκοπέω (prosskopéō)
* συσκοπέω (suskopéō)
* ὑδροσκοπέω (hudroskopéō)
* ὡροσκοπέω (hōroskopéō)

#### Related terms

* σκοπάω (skopáō)
* σκοπεῖᾰ (skopeîă)
* σκόπελος (skópelos)
* σκοπεύω (skopeúō)
* σκοπή (skopḗ)
* σκοπητέον (skopētéon)
* σκοπῐά (skopĭá)
* σκοπός (skopós)

#### Descendants

* English: -scope

### Further reading

* “σκοπέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* G4648 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press