OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# కావలి
## Telugu
### Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Cognate with Malayalam കാവൽ (kāval), Tamil காவல் (kāval).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːʋali/

### Noun

కావలి • (kāvali) ? (plural కావలులు)
* guard, custody

#### Derived terms

* కావలివాడు (kāvalivāḍu)

### Proper noun

కావలి • (kāvali) ?
* A town and municipality of Andhra Pradesh, India

### References

"కావలి" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 279
# fia-
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Prefix

fia-
* wild
* large, outsize

#### Derived terms

* fia-bhán m (“untilled lea”)
* fia-chaileach f, fia-chaille m (“hag, witch; unruly woman”)
* fia-chapall m (“wild horse”)
* fia-chat m (“wildcat”)
* fia-chloch f (“large isolated shore rock”)
* fia-chollach m (“wild boar”)
* fia-chorcán m (“large pot, cauldron”)
* fia-lacha f (“wild duck”)
* fia-úll m (“crab-apple”)
* fiabheart m (“huge bundle”)
* fiabheatha f (“wildlife”)
* fiabhuidéal m (“large bottle”)
* fiafhás m (“outgrowth”)
* fiaghalún m (“large vessel; large measure”)
* fialuibh f (“wild herb”)
* fialus m (“wild herb, weed”)
* fiamhíol m (“wild animal; deer”)
* fiamhuc f (“wild pig”)
* fianeantóg f (“nettle growing on waste land”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fia-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# portugala
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [portuˈɡala]
* Rhymes: -ala
* Hyphenation: por‧tu‧ga‧la

### Adjective

portugala (accusative singular portugalan, plural portugalaj, accusative plural portugalajn)
* Portuguese (of or pertaining to Portugal, the Portuguese people, or the Portuguese language)
* (la portugala) Clipping of la portugala lingvo (“the Portuguese language”).

#### Derived terms

* portugala lingvo (“Portuguese language”)
* portugalparola, portugalparolanta (“Portuguese-speaking”)
* portugalparolanto (“a Portuguese speaker”)

#### Related terms

* hispana (“Spanish”)
* portugale (“in Portuguese”)
* Portugalio (“Portugal”)
* portugalo (“a Portuguese person”)
# pangangasiwa
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pang- +‎ asiwa, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paŋaŋaˈsiwaʔ/ [pɐ.ŋɐ.ŋɐˈsiː.wɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -iwaʔ
* Syllabification: pa‧nga‧nga‧si‧wa

### Noun

pangangasiwà (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜅᜐᜒᜏ)
* administration; management
    Synonyms: pamamahala, pamamatnugot
* term; tenure; reign (of officials, kings, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* pangangasiwang pambayan
# clubs
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klʌbz/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (Northern England, Ireland) IPA: /klʊbz/
* Rhymes: -ʌbz

### Verb

clubs
* third-person singular simple present indicative of club

### Noun

clubs
* plural of club

### Noun

clubs
* Alternative form of clumps (“game of asking questions”)
* (card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣.

#### Derived terms

* ace of clubs
* jack of clubs
* king of clubs
* knave of clubs
* queen of clubs

#### Translations
### See also

Suits in English · suits (see also: cards, playing cards) (layout · text) :
| hearts | diamonds | spades | clubs |

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈklups]

### Noun

clubs
* plural of club

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

clubs
* plural of club

## French
### Noun

clubs m
* plural of club

## Spanish
### Noun

clubs m pl
* plural of club
# mukaddes
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish مقدس, from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.kadˈdes/
* Hyphenation: mu‧kad‧des

### Adjective

mukaddes
* holy

#### Synonyms

* kutsal

#### Derived terms

* mukaddeslik

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

### Adjective

mukaddes (comparative mukaddesräk, superlative iň mukaddes)
* holy

#### Derived terms

* mukaddeslik
# degdeg
## Ilocano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: deg‧deg
* (Ilocos Norte) IPA: /dɛɡˈdɛɡ/
* (Ilocos Sur) IPA: /dɯɡˈdɯɡ/, /dɯɡˈdɛɡ/

### Noun

degdég
* addition

#### Derived terms

* degdegan
* dumegdeg
* idegdeg
* madegdegan
* mandegdeg
* manegdeg

## Karao
### Noun

degdeg
* clay (white, gray, or blue)

#### Related terms

balengabang

## Somali
### Verb

degdeg
* hurry

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* deqdeq, deɣdeɣ

### Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دق (daqqa).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

degdeg (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⴻⴳⴷⴻⴳ)
* (transitive) to crush, to bruise, to break a thing
* (transitive) to be tired, to be exhausted

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* Verbal noun: adegded
* Causative: sdegdeg (“to make tired”)
** Verbal noun: asdegdeg
* zdeydey (“to pound, to trample on”)
** Verbal noun: azdiydiy
* idiydi (“mortar, pestle”)
* ddeg, ddeq (“thing, object”)
* degdidet (“pounding”)
* imegdig (“chisel”)
# íomhá
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* íomháigh f, íomháighean m, íomháighin f

### Etymology

From Middle Irish ímáig (compare Scottish Gaelic ìomhaigh), from Latin imāgō.

### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈĩːwãiç/ (corresponding to the form íomháigh)

### Noun

íomhá f or m (genitive singular íomhá, nominative plural íomhánna)
* image, statue
    Synonyms: dealbh, fíor, samhail
* likeness, representation, reflection
    Synonyms: cosúlacht, dealramh, samhail
* puny, insignificant, creature; mere semblance

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
íomhá
íomhánna
vocative
a íomhá
a íomhánna
genitive
íomhá
íomhánna
dative
íomhá
íomhánna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an íomhá
na híomhánna
genitive
na híomhá
na n-íomhánna
dative
leis an íomhá don íomhá
leis na híomhánna :

##### Alternative declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
íomhá
íomhánna
vocative
a íomhá
a íomhánna
genitive
íomhá
íomhánna
dative
íomhá
íomhánna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-íomhá
na híomhánna
genitive
an íomhá
na n-íomhánna
dative
leis an íomhá don íomhá
leis na híomhánna :

#### Derived terms

* ardíomhá f (“high profile”)
* féiníomhá f (“self-image”)
* fíoríomhá f (“real image”)
* íomhá ghrábháilte f (“graven image”)
* íomhá ghreanta f (“graven image”)
* íomhá shamhalta f (“virtual image”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “íomhá”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ímáig”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 187, page 72
# pasuk
## English
### Alternative forms

* pasuq, passuk

### Etymology

From Hebrew פָּסוּק.

### Noun

pasuk (plural p'sukim)
* A verse of the Torah

## Iban
### Pronunciation

IPA: /pasʊʔ/

### Noun

pasuk
* (martial art) the position used to blunt attack and protect oneself

### Verb

pasuk
* to enter; go inside
* to store
* to put on (clothes)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay pasuk, from Classical Malay pasuk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpasʊk]
* Hyphenation: pa‧suk

### Root

pasuk
* (archaic) group.

#### Derived terms

* berpasuk-pasuk
* memasuk
* pasukan

### Further reading

* “pasuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.suk/
* Rhymes: -suk
* Hyphenation: pa‧suk

### Noun

pasuk
* entering
* inhabitant

#### Derived terms

* amasuki
* kapasuk
* kapasukan
* masuk
* pinasuk
* pinasuk
* pinasukakĕn
* pinasukan
* umasuk
* umasukakĕn
* pasuk alas

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦥꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (pasuk) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "pasuk" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# gotten life
## English
### Verb

gotten life
* past participle of get life
# odometer
## English
### Alternative forms

* hodometer (dated)
* odometre (nonstandard)

### Etymology

From French odomètre, from Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “road, path, way”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”) (equivalent to +‎ -meter).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əʊˈdɒmətə/, /əʊˈdɒmɪtə/
* (US, Canada) IPA: /oʊˈdɑːmətɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

odometer (plural odometers)
* An instrument, usually embedded within the speedometer of a vehicle, that measures the distance the vehicle has traveled since production.
* A wheel used by surveyors, which registers distance traveled.

#### Synonyms

* odograph

#### Derived terms

* odometer fraud
* trip odometer

#### See also

* tripmeter

### Anagrams

* odometre
# underresearched
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ researched.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

underresearched (comparative more underresearched, superlative most underresearched)
* Insufficiently researched.
** 2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 84:The evidence given for this suggestion is purely anecdotal, not to mention largely underresearched elsewhere.

#### Derived terms

* overresearched
* underresearch
# ഇതൾ
## Malayalam
### Alternative forms

* ഇതഴ് (itaḻŭ)

### Etymology

Cognate with Kannada ಎಸಳು (esaḷu), Tamil இதழ் (itaḻ) and Tulu ಎಸಳ್ (esaḷŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /id̪ɐɭ/

### Noun

ഇതൾ • (itaḷ)
* petal.

#### Derived terms

* പൂവിതൾ (pūvitaḷ)

### References

* Gundert, Hermann (1872) “itaḷ‍”, in A Malayalam and English dictionary, Mangalore, London: C. Stolz; Trübner & Co.
* Warrier, M. I. (2008) “ഇതൾ”, in Malayalam-English Dictionary (in Malayalam), 22nd edition, Kottayam: DC Books
* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “itaḷ”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
* https://dict.sayahna.org/stv/37028/
# Jalža
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jâlʒa/

### Proper noun

Jȁlža f (Cyrillic spelling Ја̏лжа)
* a female given name

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Jalža”, in Portal suvremenih hrvatskih osobnih imena [Portal of contemporary Croatian personal names] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2018–2025
# Teasalónach
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adjective

Teasalónach (genitive singular masculine Teasalónaigh, genitive singular feminine Teasalónaí, plural Teasalónacha, not comparable)
* Thessalonian

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Related terms

* Teasaloinicé f (“Thessaloniki”)

### Noun

Teasalónach m (genitive singular Teasalónaigh, nominative plural Teasalónaigh)
* Thessalonian

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
Teasalónach
Teasalónaigh
vocative
a Theasalónaigh
a Theasalónacha
genitive
Teasalónaigh
Teasalónach
dative
Teasalónach
Teasalónaigh
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an Teasalónach
na Teasalónaigh
genitive
an Teasalónaigh
na dTeasalónach
dative
leis an Teasalónach don Teasalónach
leis na Teasalónaigh :

#### Derived terms

* 1 Teasalónaigh, Céad Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Teasalónaigh (“1 Thessalonians”)
* 2 Teasalónaigh, Dara Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Teasalónaigh (“2 Thessalonians”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# aduwa
## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔá.dú.wàː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ʔá.dʊ́.wàː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

aduwā̀ f (plural aduwōyī, possessed form aduwàr̃)
* desert date palm (Balanites aegyptiaca)
* a date, the fruit of this tree

#### Descendants

* → Nupe: ádúwaci

## Nupe
### Etymology

From Hausa àddu'ā̀, from Arabic اَلدُّعَاء (ad-duʕāʔ).
* Compare Yoruba àdúra

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.dú.wā/

### Noun

àdúwa
* prayer

#### Derived terms

* jin àdúwa (“to pray”)

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Quezon) IPA: /ʔaˈduaʔ/ [ʔɐˈd̪uː.ɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -uaʔ
* Syllabification: a‧du‧wa

### Adjective

aduwà (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜏ) (dialectal, Quezon)
* Alternative form of adwa

#### Derived terms

* aduwang-aduwa
* kaaduwa
* maaduwa
* nakakaaduwa
# gauhgiz
## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Mandarin 高級／高级 (gāojí).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /kaːu˧ ki˧˩/
* Tone numbers: gau$^6$gi$^2$
* Hyphenation: gauh‧giz

### Adjective

gauhgiz (1957–1982 spelling gauƅgiƨ)
* high-grade; high-class; advanced; senior

#### Derived terms

* gauhgiz cunghyoz
# kasturi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay kasturi, from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”). Doublet of kesturi and seturi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kas.ˈtu.ri/
* Rhymes: -ri
* Hyphenation: kas‧tu‧ri

### Noun

kasturi (plural kasturi-kasturi)
* abelmosk, annual hibiscus, musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)
* a mango of species Mangifera casturi, from South Kalimantan
* a back-scratcher ginger, or torch ginger, of species Tapeinochilos ananassae, a type of flower from Maluku and New Guinea.
* a parrot (kind of bird)
    Synonyms: bayan, nuri

### Further reading

* “kasturi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) online, "kasturi".

## Javanese
### Romanization

kasturi
* Romanization of ꦏꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦶ

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* kesturi

### Etymology

From Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī).

### Noun

kasturi (Jawi spelling کستوري, plural kasturi-kasturi, informal 1st possessive kasturiku, 2nd possessive kasturimu, 3rd possessive kasturinya)
* musk

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kasturi

### Further reading

* “kasturi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk; castoreum”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kas.tu.ri/
* Rhymes: -ri
* Hyphenation: kas‧tu‧ri

### Noun

kasturi
* civet
* musk

#### Derived terms

* aṅasturi
* kinasturi
* makasturi
* jaṅga gaḍuṅ kasturi
* jaṅga kasturi
* sattwa kasturi
* wiku kasturi

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦏꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦶ (kasturi) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "kasturi" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# lažaś
## Lower Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* lȧżasch (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ležati, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Cognate with Upper Sorbian ležeć, Polish leżeć, Czech ležet, Russian лежать (ležatʹ), and Old Church Slavonic лежати (ležati).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaʒaɕ/

### Verb

lažaś impf (durative)
* to lie (be in horizontal position; be situated)

#### Conjugation

| Present | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | lažym | lažymej | lažymy |
| 2nd person | lažyš | lažytej | lažyśo |
| 3rd person | lažy | lažytej | laže |
| Preterite | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | lažach | lažachmej | lažachmy |
| 2nd person | lažašo | lažaštej | lažašćo |
| 3rd person | lažašo | lažaštej | lažachu |
| Imperative | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 2nd person | laž | lažtej | lažćo |

##### Participles

* Present: lažecy
* Past active (“ł-form”): lažał
* Past passive: lažany

##### Infinitive

    lažaś

##### Supine

    lažat

##### Verbal noun

    lažanje

#### Synonyms

* lěgaś impf (iterative)

#### Derived terms

* lažadło
* lažanišćo
* lažaty
* nalažaś se
* pólažaś
* pśedlažaś
* pśelažaś
* wótlažaś
* wulažaś se
* zalažaś
* zlažaś se
# aballakaꞌ
## Chickasaw
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˌbal.laˈkaʔ/

### Noun

aballakaꞌ (locational noun, inalienable)
* following
    Synonym: aballaka̱liꞌ
* after
    Synonym: himmakaꞌ

#### Inflection

| Nouns starting in a- | Singular | Plural | Inclusive Tri-Plural |
| 1st-person ("my, our") | asaballakaꞌ a-sa-ballakaꞌ | apoballakaꞌ a-po-ballakaꞌ | apoballakaꞌ a-po-ballakaꞌ |
| 2nd-person ("thy, your") | achiballakaꞌ a-chi-ballakaꞌ | achiballakaꞌ a-chi-ballakaꞌ | achiballakaꞌ a-chi-ballakaꞌ |
| 3rd-person ("his, her, its, their") | aballakaꞌ | aballakaꞌ | aballakaꞌ |

#### Derived terms

* aballaka̱liꞌ
* aballakaꞌ finha
* aballakshiꞌ
* balaafkaꞌ
* balaafokhaꞌ
* ishtaballakshiꞌ
# croisette
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

croisette f (plural croisettes)
* (botany) crosswort (Cruciata)

#### Hypernyms

* rubiacées

#### Hyponyms

* croisette commune
* croisette glabre

#### Derived terms

* croisette commune
* croisette glabre
* gaillet croisette
* gentiane croisette

### Further reading

* “croisette”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# vaxer
## English
### Noun

vaxer (plural vaxers)
* Alternative form of vaxxer

#### Related terms

* anti-vaxer
* non-vaxer
* pro-vaxer

## Swedish
### Noun

vaxer
* indefinite plural of vax
# ကွာင်
## Mon
### Alternative forms

* ကွာၚ်

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kwaɲ/, [kwaʲɲ̚]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ကွာင် (kwāṅ)
* snack, sweets
* confection prepared from flour {loaf of} bread cake pudding biscuit.
    ကွာၚ်မစုတ်လဝ်နကဵုသဝ်ရာကၠောန်ကွာၚ်ဍာ်တှ်ဗ္စး။kwāṅ macut law nakou sawrā klon kwāṅ ḍākth bcaḥ.Cake of rice dried and mixed with sugar.

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* ကွာၚ်ကံက်တဲ
* ကွာၚ်ကဒါတ်
* ကွာၚ်ကၠံထောၚ်
* ကွာၚ်ကၠေၚ်
* ကွာၚ်ကဝေက်
* ကွာၚ်ခဗိုဟ်ကၞိ
* ကွာၚ်ချိုန်
* ကွာၚ်ခၜှော်
* ကွာၚ်ခေါ်ဂဒဵု
* ကွာၚ်ဂဗိုဟ်ကၞိ
* ကွာၚ်ဂျုၚ်
* ကွာၚ်စံၚ်
* ကွာၚ်စၞပုၚ်
* ကွာၚ်ဍာ်ကလောံ
* ကွာၚ်ဍုၚ်
* ကွာၚ်တလာ
* ကွာၚ်တဝေက်
* ကွာၚ်တဝ်ကၞး
* ကွာၚ်ထကဵု
* ကွာၚ်ထၜှော်
* ကွာၚ်ပရာၚ်
* ကွာၚ်ပုၚ်ဓူနဍူ
* ကွာၚ်မပၞဟ်
* ကွာၚ်မရိုတ်
* ကွာၚ်ယိုဟ်နာနာသာ်
* ကွာၚ်ရံက်ရက်
* ကွာၚ်လံက်ဆံၚ်
* ကွာၚ်ၜဲ

### Gallery

* ဗီုရုပ်ကွာင်ယေန်သၞာင်မန်ဂမၠိုင်(Mon culture snack pictures):(file)

### References

* ↑ Shorto, H.L. (1962) A Dictionary of Modern Spoken Mon‎, London: Oxford University Press. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
* ↑ Jenny, Mathias (2015) “Modern Mon”, in Mathias Jenny and Paul Sidwell (eds.), editors, The Handbook of Austroasian Languages‎, volume 1, Leiden and Boston: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 557 of 553–600
* ↑ Htun Shwe (1968) မွန်ကျောက်စာအဘိဓါန် [Dictionary of Mon Inscriptions]‎ (in Burmese), Rangoon: Universities Mon Literature and Cultural Affairs Sub-Committee
* 1 2 Sakamoto, Yasuyuki (1994) “ကွာင်”, in Mon - Japanese Dictionary‎ (in Japanese), Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 1070
# niscaya
## Balinese
### Romanization

niscaya
* Romanization of ᬦᬶᬰ᭄ᬘᬬ.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay niscaya, from Classical Malay نسچاي (“niscaya”), from Sanskrit निश्चय (niścaya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɪsˈt͡ʃaja]
* Hyphenation: nis‧ca‧ya

### Adverb

niscaya
* (formal) certainly, surely.
    Synonyms: pasti, tentu

#### Affixed terms

* keniscayaan
* meniscayakan

### Further reading

* “niscaya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

niscaya
* Romanization of ꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦕꦪ.

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Classical Malay نسچاي (“niscaya”) (cf. Indonesian niscaya), from Sanskrit निश्चय (niścaya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nisˈt͡ʃa.ja]

### Adverb

niscaya (Jawi نيسچاي)
* certainly, undoubtedly

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# спір
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲpʲir]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Ruthenian споръ (spor), from Old East Slavic съпоръ (sŭporŭ), from Proto-Slavic *sъporъ.

#### Noun

спір • (spir) m inan (genitive спо́ру, nominative plural спо́ри, genitive plural спо́рів)
* dispute, argument

##### Derived terms

* спі́рний (spírnyj)
* спо́рити impf (spóryty)

##### Related terms

* пере́чити impf (peréčyty)
* пе́рти impf (pérty)
* пра́ти impf (práty)
* пра́ця f (prácja)

### Etymology 2

Probably a back-formation from спо́рий (spóryj), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *sporъ.

#### Noun

спір • (spir) m inan (genitive спо́ру, nominative plural спо́ри, genitive plural спо́рів)
* (uncountable, colloquial) speed, performance, agility (in work, business etc.)

##### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “спір”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “спір”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “спір”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “спір”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “спір”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “спір”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# умовний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From умо́ва (umóva) +‎ -ний (-nyj). Compare Belarusian умо́ўны (umóŭny), Polish umowny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊˈmɔu̯nei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

умо́вний • (umóvnyj) (adverb умо́вно, abstract noun умо́вність)
* conditional

#### Derived terms

* умо́вно-достроко́вий (umóvno-dostrokóvyj)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “умовний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “умовний”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# місцевий
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

мі́сце (mísce) +‎ -евий (-evyj). Compare Belarusian мясцо́вы (mjascóvy), Polish miejscowy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲiˈst͡sɛʋei̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

місце́вий • (miscévyj)
* local
* (grammar) locative

#### Derived terms

* місце́вий відмі́нок m (miscévyj vidmínok)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “місцевий”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “місцевий”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)