# 七夕
## Chinese

* 七夕

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Qīxī, Qīxì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧ, ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cat$^1$ zik$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Chék-sĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Chhit-se̍k / Chhit-sia̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cig$^4$ sêg$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qīxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cisi
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻi$^1$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: Chī-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chishi
*** Palladius: Циси (Cisi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qīxì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cisì
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻi$^1$-hsi$^4$
*** Yale: Chī-syì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chishih
*** Palladius: Циси (Cisi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cat$^1$ zik$^6$
*** Yale: chāt jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsat$^7$ dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ced$^1$ jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Chék-sĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ siʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhit-se̍k
*** Tâi-lô: Tshit-si̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chitsek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhit-sia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: Tshit-sia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chitsiah
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ siaʔ⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cig$^4$ sêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshik sek
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰik̚²⁻⁴ sek̚²/

### Proper noun

七夕
* (～節) Qixi Festival (the Chinese Valentine's Day, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 七夕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 七夕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 七月七 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 七月七 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 七月兒七 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 祈巧節, 七月七 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 七月七 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 七月七 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 乞巧, 七月七 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 七月七 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 七夕, 乞巧節 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 七月七 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 七月七 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 七月初七, 七月七, 乞巧節 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 七月七 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 七月初七, 七月七 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 七月七 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 七月七, 七巧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 七巧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 七姐節 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 七姐誕, 七夕 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 七月初七 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 七夕 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 七月七 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 七月七, 七娘生 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 七月七, 七娘生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 七月七, 七娘生 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 七月七, 七星娘生, 七娘生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 七月七, 七娘生 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 七月七, 七娘生 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 七月七 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 七月七 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 七月兒七 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 七月七 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 七月七, 七月七夕 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 七夕 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 七夕 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 七娘媽生 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 七夕 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 七月初七暝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 拜七姐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 七月七, 七巧日, 七巧節 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 七月七 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 七夕, 七月七 |
| Wu | Danyang | 七巧, 七夕 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 七巧 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 七月七 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 七月七 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 七月七 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 七巧節 |

#### Derived terms

* 七夕乞巧
* 七夕紅 / 七夕红
* 七夕錢 / 七夕钱
* 七夕鍼 / 七夕针

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 七夕(しちせき) (shichiseki)
* → Korean: 칠석(七夕) (chilseok)
* → Vietnamese: Thất Tịch (七夕)
* English: Qixi, Night of Sevens

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 七 | 夕 |
| たなばた ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 棚機 棚幡 織女
Origins somewhat obscure.
The latter bata portion is generally accepted to be from 機 (hata, “a loom”). The hata reading for 機 changes to bata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The former tana portion may be from 棚 (tana, “a shelf, or a board placed lengthwise in a bridge”), in reference to an ancient ritual whereby a maiden would weave a special cloth on a hata in order to secure a bountiful harvest, as an offering for a god coming across a body of water via a tana. A related theory states that tana is instead an alteration of 種 (tane, “seed”). Yet another theory states that tana is an alteration of 手 (ta, “hand”, unbound Old Japanese form) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle superseded by no).
The common spelling of 七夕 is an example of jukujikun, since the festival is held on the seventh night of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, now generally observed on 7 July.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たなばた [tànábátá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠na̠ba̠ta̠]

#### Noun

七夕(たなばた) • (tanabata)
* a type of loom (the original meaning)
* a type of weaving
* by extension, a weaver
* (figuratively) any extremely rare visit, or the person so visiting

#### Proper noun

七夕(たなばた) • (Tanabata)
* the Tanabata Japanese star festival, observed on 7 July

##### Synonyms

* 七夕(たなばた)祭(まつ)り (Tanabata matsuri)
* 星(ほし)祭(まつ)り (Hoshi matsuri)
* 七日(なぬか)盆(ぼん) (Nanuka Bon)

#### Further reading

* List of festivals in Japan on Wiktionary
* List of festivals in Japan on Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 七 | 夕 |
| しち Grade: 1 | せき Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese compound 七夕 (MC tshit zjek, literally “seventh evening”). Compare modern Mandarin 七夕 (Qīxī).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しちせき [shìchíꜜsèkì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕit͡ɕise̞kʲi]

#### Proper noun

七(しち)夕(せき) • (Shichiseki)
* the Tanabata Japanese star festival, observed on 7 July
* the Chinese Qīxī Festival, also sometimes referred to as the Double Seventh Festival

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 七 | 夕 |

### Noun

七夕 • (chilseok) (hangeul 칠석)
* hanja form of 칠석 (“Qixi”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 七 | 夕 |

### Noun

七夕
* chữ Hán form of Thất Tịch (“Qixi”).