# garðr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gardaz (“court, yard, enclosure”).
Cognate with Old English ġeard, Old Saxon gard, Old High German gart, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards).

### Pronunciation

* (12th century Icelandic) IPA: /ˈɡɑrðr̩/

### Noun

garðr m (genitive garðs, plural garðar)
* a fence, wall
** Grágás, in 1829, J. F. W. Schlegel, Hin forna lögbok islendinga sem nefnist Gragas, Volume II. Copenhagen, page 264:
    Ef þar er garðr of þioþbraut þvera, […]If there is a fence on a high road, […]
* (especially in compounds) an enclosed space, yard
** Konungs skuggsjá 10, in 1848, R. Keyser, P. R. Munch, C. R. Unger, Speculum regale. Konungs-skuggsjá. Konge-speilet. Christiania, page 23:
    […] heldr eru þeir reistir umhverfis kirkjuna við kirkjugarðinn, […] […] but rather set up around the church along the churchyard, […]
* a courtyard, court
** Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar 1, in 1835, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume X. Copenhagen, page 218:
    […] er hann com heim í þorpit, oc geck um garðinn, […] […] when he came home to the town and walked through the courtyard, […]
* a house, dwelling
** Egils saga 62, in 1809, Guðmundur Magnússon, Egils-saga: sive Egilli Skallagrimii vita. Copenhagen, page 407:
    Egill spurdi hvar garðr sá veri í borginni er Arinbiörn átti […]Egill asked where in the city was the house that Arinbjörn owned […]
* (especially in compounds) a stronghold, castle, hold
** Vǫluspá, verse 4, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1:
    […] þeir er miðgarð / mœran skópu; […] […] those who Middle-hold / mighty shaped' […]

#### Derived terms

* aldingarðr (“garden”)
* dýragarðr (“yard with wild beasts”)
* Garðakonungr (“the king of Rus'”)
* garðaleiga (“house-rent”)
* Garðar (“Rus'”)
* Garðaríki (“Rus'”)
* garðasól (“orach”)
* Garðaveldi (“Rus'”)
* garðbrjótr, garðbrytill (“fence-breaker”)
* garðbrot (“breach of a fence”)
* garðbót (“reparation of a fence”)
* garðhlið (“gate”)
* garðhverfa (“fence, pinfold”)
* garðhús (“privy”)
* Garðkonungr (“the Greek emperor”)
* garðlag (“building of a fence”)
* garðlauss (“fenceless”)
* garðleiga (“house-rent”)
* garðrúm (“courtyard”)
* garðsaurr (“sewage”)
* garðsbóndi (“house-owner”)
* garðsendi (“end of a fence”)
* garðseti (“end of a hay-yard”)
* garðshlið (“gate”)
* garðshorn (“cottage”)
* garðshúsfreyja (“town-lady”)
* garðskipti (“partition by a fence”)
* garðskrókr (“fence-nook”)
* garðsrúst (“ruin of a fence”)
* garðsseti (“end of a hay-yard”)
* garðstaurr (“fence-stake”)
* garðstaðr (“place of a fence”)
* garðsveinn (“valet”)
* garðsǫnn (“season of fence-work”)
* garðtorfa (“slice of a turf”)
* garðvirki (“fencework materials”)
* garðvǫrðr (“overseer”)
* garðǫnn (“season of fence-work”)
* grasgarðr (“garden”)
* grjótgarðr (“stone fence”)
* hagagarðr (“pasture fence”)
* heygarðr (“hay-yard”)
* hofgarðr (“lordly mansion”)
* Holmgarðaborg (“Novgorod”)
* Holmgarðaríki (“Novgorod land, Novgorodian Rus'”)
* Holmgarðr (“Novgorod”)
* kirkjugarðr (“churchyard”)
* kálgarðr (“kaleyard”)
* Kœnugarðr (“Kiev”)
* Miklagarðr (“Constantinople”)
* Miðgarðr (“Midgard, Earth”)
* Nogarðar (“Novgorod”)
* rifgarðr (“swathe”)
* salgarðr (“wall”)
* skíðgarðr (“rail fence”)
* stakkgarðr (“stackyard”)
* stíflugarðr (“ditch”)
* torfgarðr (“turf fence”)
* túngarðr (“town fence”)
* virkisgarðr (“castle wall”)
* víngarðr (“vineyard”)
* Ásgarðr (“Asgard”)
* Útgarðr (“Utgard, Outer-hold”)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: garður
* Faroese: garður
* Norn: gart
* Norwegian: gard; (dialectal) gard’e
** → Norwegian Bokmål: gard
* Jamtish: gaoł
* Old Swedish: garþer, ᚵᛆᚱᚦᚽᚱ
** Swedish: gård, gål
* Old Danish: garth
** Danish: gård
*** Norwegian Bokmål: gård
* → Middle English: garth
** English: garth
** Scots: garthe (obsolete)
* → Middle Irish: garrda
** Irish: garraí
** Scottish Gaelic: gàrradh
* → Middle Welsh: garð
** Welsh: gardd

### Further reading

* Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “garðr”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 191
* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “garðr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 161; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/161 Internet Archive]