# 腕

| 腕 | U+8155, &#33109; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8155 |
| ← 腔 [U+8154] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腖 → [U+8156] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腕 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月十弓山 (BJNU), four-corner 7321$_2$, composition ⿰月宛)

#### Related characters

* 碗 婉

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 987, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29631
* Dae Jaweon: page 1440, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2092, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8155

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涴 | *qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ |
| 埦 | *qoːn |
| 豌 | *qoːn |
| 剜 | *qoːn |
| 眢 | *qoːn, *qon |
| 蜿 | *qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ |
| 帵 | *qoːn |
| 碗 | *qoːnʔ |
| 椀 | *qoːnʔ |
| 盌 | *qoːnʔ |
| 腕 | *qoːns |
| 惋 | *qoːns |
| 捥 | *qoːns |
| 睕 | *qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd |
| 琬 | *qoːns, *qonʔ |
| 鴛 | *quːn, *qon |
| 鵷 | *qon |
| 惌 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 宛 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 怨 | *qon, *qons |
| 葾 | *qon |
| 夗 | *qonʔ |
| 婉 | *qonʔ |
| 菀 | *qonʔ, *qud |
| 苑 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 踠 | *qonʔ |
| 畹 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 倇 | *qonʔ |
| 晼 | *qonʔ |
| 黦 | *qod, *qod, *qud |
| 焥 | *qoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qoːns) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body part”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ) – a part of the body.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wàn (wan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vón
* Jin (Wiktionary): van$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): óaⁿ / oán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^2$
*** Yale: wún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vón
*** Hakka Romanization System: von$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: von$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /von³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: van$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óaⁿ / oán
*** Tâi-lô: uánn / uán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: voar, oarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uã⁵³/, /uan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uã⁵⁵⁴/, /uan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uã⁵³/, /uan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uã⁵³/, /uan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uã⁴¹/, /uan⁴¹/
* óaⁿ - vernacular;
* oán - literary.
* Middle Chinese: 'wanH
Rime :
| Character | 腕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏貫切 |
| Baxter | 'wanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /uɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qoːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16275 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 惋 |
| Old Chinese | /*qoːns/ |

### Definitions

腕
* wrist
* arm (of invertebrates)

### Compounds

* 令人扼腕
* 偏袒扼腕
* 偏袒搤腕
* 壯士斷腕 / 壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
* 壯士解腕 / 壮士解腕
* 懸腕 / 悬腕
* 手腕 (shǒuwàn)
* 扼腕 (èwàn)
* 提腕
* 搤腕
* 攘袂扼腕
* 枕腕
* 皓腕 (hàowàn)
* 耍手腕 (shuǎ shǒuwàn)
* 肐膊腕子
* 腕子 (wànzi)
* 腕法
* 腕足
* 腕釧 / 腕钏
* 腕隧道症
* 腕骨 (wàngǔ)
* 腳腕子 / 脚腕子 (jiǎowànzi)
* 腿腕子 (tuǐwànzi)
* 迴腕 / 回腕
* 運腕 / 运腕
* 鐵腕 / 铁腕 (tiěwàn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* arm
* ability
* talent

#### Readings

* Go-on: わん (wan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: わん (wan, Jōyō)
* Kun: うで (ude, 腕, Jōyō)、かいな (kaina, 腕)

#### Compounds

* 腕(うで)輪(わ) (udewa, “bracelet”)
* 腕(わん)白(ぱく) (wanpaku, “naughty”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 腕
* うで Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *untai. Cognate with Okinawan 腕 (udi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うで [ùdéꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɯ̟de̞]

#### Noun

腕(うで) • (ude) (counter 本)
* (anatomy) arm
** 2006 December 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百十九訓(くん)　四人(にん)揃(そろ)えばいろんな知(ち)恵(え) [Lesson 119: Four Heads Are Better Than One]”, in [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま) [Silver Soul], volume 14 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    ……腕(うで)がなんで二本(ほん)あるかしってるか　それはな早(はや)まるな万事(よろず)屋(や)‼希(き)望(ぼう)を捨(す)てるな
       ……Ude ga nan de ni-hon aru ka shitteru ka Sore wa na
       ……Do you know why we have two hands? For situations like this
       Hayamaru na yorozuya‼ Kibō o suteru na
       Hang in there, do-it-all guy‼ Don’t give up hope just yet
* ability; skill; talent

### Etymology 2

From an original form kapina, reduced first to kaɸina, then kawina, then kaina.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいな [káꜜìnà] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) かいな [kàíná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ina̠]

#### Noun

腕(かいな) • (kaina)
* arm

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

腕(ただむき) • (tadamuki)
* arm

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腕 (MC 'wanH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅪᆫ〮 (Yale: qwán) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 완〯 (wǎn) (Yale: wǎn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [wa̠(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [완(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 腕 (eumhun 팔 완 (pal wan))
* hanja form of 완 (“arm; wrist”)

#### Compounds

* 완력 (腕力, wallyeok)
* 완장 (腕章, wanjang)
* 촉완 (觸腕, chogwan)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腕: Hán Nôm readings: oản, uyển
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.