OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 座禅
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 座 | 禅 |
| ざ Grade: 6 | ぜん Grade: S |
| goon ||
* Alternative spellings
* 坐禪 (kyūjitai) 坐禅

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 坐禪 (MC dzwaX dzyen). (Can this etymology be sourced?)
座 is a daiyōji replacing 坐.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざぜん [zàzéń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ざぜん [zàzéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡za̠zẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

座(ざ)禅(ぜん) • (zazen)
* (Buddhism) a form of sitting meditation in Zen Buddhism

#### Derived terms

* 座(ざ)禅(ぜん)石(せき) (zazenseki)
* 座(ザ)禅(ゼン)草(ソウ) (zazensō)
* 座(ざ)禅(ぜん)衾(ぶすま) (zazen-busuma)
* 座(ざ)禅(ぜん)豆(まめ) (zazen mame)
* 座(ざ)禅(ぜん)和(わ)讃(さん) (zazen wasan)
* 三(さん)時(じ)座(ざ)禅(ぜん) (sanji zazen)
* 四(し)時(じ)座(ざ)禅(ぜん) (shiji zazen)
* 身(み)替(がわり)座(ざ)禅(ぜん) (migawari zazen)
* 水(ミズ)座(ザ)禅(ゼン) (mizuzazen)

#### See also

* 座(ざ)参(さん) (zasan)
* 禅(ぜん) (zen)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# snazziness
## English
### Etymology

From snazzy +‎ -ness.

### Noun

snazziness (uncountable)
* (informal) Elegance in manner of dress; stylishness; flashiness.
** 2007 August 24, Jason Sheftell, “Urban stylists”, in New York Daily News, retrieved 8 Jan. 2009:"We wanted to give the wallpaper some snazziness and motion," says Ha, laughing.
** 2008 June 12, Marty Katz, “Ultrathin Laptop Starts Up Quickly and Comes With a Brand Name That Gamers Love”, in New York Times, retrieved 8 Jan. 2009:And, for elevated snazziness, the black carbon-fiber-weave case can be customized with wild designs, automotive paints or, for something Apple may never match, it can be chromed.
* (informal) Excellence; cleverness, ingenuity, or adeptness in behavior, operation, or execution.
** 2001 June 28, Roben Farzad, “Why Shareholders Give TiVo the HeaveHo”, in SmartMoney.com, retrieved 8 January 2009:There's a painful disparity between the snazziness of TiVo's technology and the decrepitude of its balance sheet.

#### Synonyms

* (elegance in manner of dress; stylishness; flashiness): pizazz, dash, flair

#### Related terms

* snazzily
* snazztastic
* snazz up
* snazzy
# teveccüh
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish توجه (teveccüh), from Arabic تَوَجُّه (tawajjuh).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /te.ved͡ʒˈd͡ʒyh/
* Hyphenation: te‧vec‧cüh

### Noun

teveccüh (definite accusative teveccühü, plural teveccühler)
* (archaic) an act of turning, facing towards
* showing favor, acting in a friendly, fond way

#### Derived terms

* teveccüh etmek
* teveccüh göstermek
* teveccühünüz

#### Related terms

* cihet
* tevcih
* vecih
* veçhe

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “توجه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 606
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “teveccüh”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “teveccüh”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “teveccüh”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4784
# reinforce
## English
### Alternative forms

* re-enforce, reenforce

### Etymology

From re- +‎ inforce.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˌɹi.ɪnˈfɔɹs/
** Audio (California):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfoːs/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ˌɹiː.ənˈfoːs/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)s
* Homophone: reenforce

### Verb

reinforce (third-person singular simple present reinforces, present participle reinforcing, simple past and past participle reinforced)
* (transitive) To strengthen, especially by addition or augmentation.
    He reinforced the handle with a metal rod and a bit of tape.
** 1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], “Harold the Second of that Name, the Sonne of Earle Goodwine, and Thirtie Eight Monarch of the Englishmen, […]”, in The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book VIII ([The Danes] […]), paragraph 38, page 407, column 1:[T]hey [the English] valiantly, and vvith the ſlaughter of many, put backe the enemy: vvhich vvas ſo farre from daunting the Normans, that by it they vvere more vvhetted to re-enforce themſelues vpon them: […]
* (transitive) To emphasize or review.
    The right homework will reinforce and complement the lesson!
** 2021 February 24, Greg Morse, “Great Heck: a tragic chain of events”, in RAIL, number 925, page 42:The accident was also one of several since Clapham [...] that demonstrated the role of breakable windows in the death toll. RSSB research would later confirm and reinforce the need for laminated glass to protect passengers and increase survivability.
* (transitive) To encourage (a behavior or idea) through repeated stimulus.
    Advertising for fast food can reinforce unhealthy dietary tendencies.

#### Synonyms

* (strengthen): strengthen, augment, fortify, buttress, bolster, line
* (emphasize): emphasize, review, repeat
* (encourage): encourage, reward, instruct, teach, learn

#### Derived terms

* self-reinforce
* self-reinforcing

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* confrerie
# prç
## Portuguese
### Noun

prç m or f by sense (invariable)
* (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of parça (“fella, pal”).
    Synonym: prc
# Raia
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Raia
* Alternative form of Raja (“skate genus”)

## English
### Etymology

From the Sicilian surname, from raia (“smilax”) and raja (“ray”), both from Latin raia. As an Arabic surname, from راية (rāya, “flag”).

### Proper noun

Raia (plural Raias)
* A surname.
** 2025 January 2, Hanna Park, John Miller, Haley Britzky and Eric Levenson, “Man who rented Tesla Cybertruck that exploded at Trump hotel in Las Vegas was an active-duty Army Green Beret, officials say”, in CNN‎:“At this point, there is no definitive link between the attack here in New Orleans and the one in Las Vegas,” FBI deputy assistant director Christopher Raia said Thursday.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Raia is the 17927th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1559 individuals. Raia is most common among White (94.61%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Raia”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* ARIA, Aari, Arai, Aria, RIAA, aria
# Díert
## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Either:
* Inherited from Old Frisian diēr (whence North Frisian Diirt).
* Borrowed from Middle Low German dērt (whence German Low German Diert), from Old Saxon dior.
Ultimately in any case from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ. Cognates include West Frisian dier and German Tier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːrt/
* Hyphenation: Díert
* Rhymes: -iːrt

### Noun

Díert n (plural Díerte)
* animal
* thing, thingie

### References

* Marron C. Fort (2015) “Díert”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
# הים התיכון
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /haˈjam hatiˈχon/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

הַיָּם הַתִּיכוֹן • (hayám hatikhón) m
* the Mediterranean Sea (The sea between Europe and Africa)

#### Derived terms

* יָם תִּיכוֹנִי (yám-tikhoní)
# ꦕꦤꦺꦭ
## Javanese

Javanese writing system :
| Carakan | ꦕꦤꦺꦭ |
| Pegon | |
| Roman | canéla |

### Etymology

From Portuguese chinela (“flip-flop”), ultimately from Italian pianella (“mule (heelless slipper)”). Distant cognate of Tagalog tsinelas.

### Noun

ꦕꦤꦺꦭ (canéla)
* a kind of velvet slipper

#### Descendants

* → Sundanese: canéla

### Further reading

* “canela” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# Nikoleta
## English
### Etymology

Transliteration of Greek Νικολέτα (Nikoléta), a female given name used in (modern) Greece.

### Proper noun

Nikoleta
* A transliteration of the Greek female given name Νικολέτα (Nikoléta).

#### Related terms

* (male equivalent) Nikolaos

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnikɔʎeta]

### Proper noun

Nikoleta f (diminutive Nikoletka)
* a female given name

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Nikoleta”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# ᮜᮚᮥᮁ
## Sundanese
### Noun

ᮜᮚᮥᮁ • (layur)
* Sundanese spelling of layur‎
# ᮊᮥᮛᮧ
## Sundanese
### Noun

ᮊᮥᮛᮧ • (kuro)
* Sundanese spelling of kuro‎
# last chicken in the shop
## English
### Etymology

From the appearance when dangling.

### Noun

the last chicken in the shop
* (slang, euphemistic, sometimes as a simile) The penis.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:penis
** 2010, Simon Majumdar, Eat My Globe: One Year to Go Everywhere and Eat Everything:[…] fellow male travellers complaining of receiving an all too regular sighting of 'the last chicken in the shop' as I paraded around gleefully in the altogether.
** 2025, Cynthia Harrod-Eagles, Easeful Death:'What is it with men and their junk?' Swilley said, shaking her head. […] 'Is it me,' McLaren began thoughtfully, head slightly on one side, 'or does it look like—' […] 'The last chicken in the shop?' Lœ said innocently. 'I was just thinking that.'
# vomitrocious
## English
### Etymology

Blend of vomit +‎ atrocious

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊʃəs

### Adjective

vomitrocious (comparative more vomitrocious, superlative most vomitrocious)
* (slang) Causing a desire to vomit; disgusting or gross.
** 1997, Jamie Suzanne, Big Brother's in Love Again, Random House, →ISBN, page 11:Her mother always embarrassed her to death. She'd linger by the Pepto-Bismol display, or she'd buy tons of cans of something vomitrocious like corned beef hash.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* visuomotoric
# wanderer
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English wanderere, wandrere, wanderare, equivalent to wander +‎ -er. Cognate with Scots wanderer, wandirer (“wanderer”), Dutch wandelaar (“walker, hiker”), German Wanderer (“wanderer”), Danish vandrer (“wanderer”), Swedish vandrare (“wanderer”), Norwegian vandrer (“wanderer”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈwɑndəɹɚ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈwɒndəɹə/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

wanderer (plural wanderers)
* One who wanders, who travels aimlessly.
** 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. […] Roaring, leaping, pouncing, the tempest raged about the wanderers, drowning and blotting out their forms with sandy spume.
** 1898, Leon H. Vincent, The Bibliotaph And Other People:The bibliotaph buries books; not literally, but sometimes with as much effect as if he had put his books underground. There are several varieties of him. The dog-in-the-manger bibliotaph is the worst; he uses his books but little himself, and allows others to use them not at all. On the other hand, a man may be a bibliotaph simply from inability to get at his books. He may be homeless, a bachelor, a denizen of boarding-houses, a wanderer upon the face of the earth.
** 1968, Christopher Hodder-Williams, “Hands”, in Fistful of Digits, London: Coronet Books, published 1972, →ISBN, page 125:She was, in fact, constitutionally impervious to statistics and preferred to study the be-headphoned group of fifteen or so lethargic wanderers who were taking even less notice of the remorseless squawkings than she was.
* Any of various far-migrating nymphalid butterflies of the genus Danaus.
* (colloquial) The wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:vagabond

#### Derived terms

* lesser wanderer
* plains-wanderer

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* nerdwear, warrened, rewarned
# Hami melon
## English
### Etymology

From Hami +‎ melon, calque from Mandarin 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā).

### Noun

Hami melon (plural Hami melons)
* A variety of muskmelon from Xinjiang, China, particularly associated with Hami City.
** 1994, Lifu Chen, Hsu-Hsin Chang, Ramon Hawley Myers, editors, The Storm Clouds Clear Over China: The Memoir of Chʻen Li-fu, 1900-1993, page 133:Sheng had given me many Hami melons, and once again a cavalry of several hundred horsemen arrived for my departure, making for a spectacular send-off.
** 1995, Wen Dong Kuang, Focus on Xinjiang‎, page 19:The first major town on the Silk Road after entering Xinjiang was Hami. The mention of the name always makes one think of the famous Hami melons, but the melons are actually grown everywhere in Xinjiang.
** 2008, Nicole Mones, The Last Chinese Chef‎, page 169:They also left a lasting stamp on the food of the capital, with their great round wheels of sesame flatbread, their grilled and stir-fried lamb, and their incredibly fragrant Hami melons.
** (Can we date this quote?), “Food”, in Yilan County Government‎, archived from the original on 29 March 2018:The Hami melon, native to the Hami Region of Sinjiang Province, has found a new home here in Jhuangwei, Yilan. The soil downstream of the Lanyang River is great for the cultivation of hami melon because of the plentiful sunshine, excellent water system, and the local mild weather. The Hami melon was introduced to Jhuangwei in 1982.

#### Synonyms

* Chinese Hami melon
* snow melon
# snow melon
## English
### Noun

snow melon (plural snow melons)
* Synonym of Hami melon
# Rdr
## Swedish
### Noun

Rdr c
* Abbreviation of riksdaler.
    Synonyms: r:dr, rdr.
** 1786 October 24, Samuel Ödmann, edited by Henning Wijkmark, Samuel Ödmanns skrifter och brev‎, published 1925, page 96:Tantus amor florum. Nog finnes utaf sådant i trägården, men Eder Mästare tager 1 Rdr 100det, och det har jag ej råd att gifva, då jag ändå torde få dupletter, ty jag har circa 500 utländska förråt.Tantus amor florum. There are enough of these in the garden, but Your Master take 1 Riksdal per 100th, and I cannot afford to give that, as I should still get duplicates, because I have about 500 foreign from before.
# წუერი
## Old Georgian
### Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *c̣wer-.
See also Old Armenian ծայր (cayr, “end, extremity”) and Arabic سَيْر (sayr, “strap; antler”) with its variant صَيْر (ṣayr).

### Noun

წუერი • (c̣ueri)
* beard
* top, point

#### Derived terms

* წუერვალი (c̣uervali)
* უწუერული (uc̣ueruli)
* მწუერვალი (mc̣uervali)
* წუერგამოჲ (c̣uergamoy)
* წუერგრძელი (c̣uergrʒeli)
* თითისწუერი (titisc̣ueri)
* წუერყჳნული (c̣uerq̇winuli)
* წუერკეკლუცი (c̣uerḳeḳluci)
* წუერმრგუალი (c̣uermrguali)
* წუერგამოობაჲ (c̣uergamoobay)
* ხისმწუერვალი (xismc̣uervali)
* მწუერვალობაჲ (mc̣uervalobay)
* წუერშუენიერი (c̣ueršuenieri)
* ცთმისმწუერვალი (ctmismc̣uervali)
* თმა-წუერი (tma-c̣ueri)
* მთა-მწუერვალი (mta-mc̣uervali)

#### Descendants

* Georgian: წვერი (c̣veri)
** → Bats: წჵვერ (c̣'ver, “top, tip”)

### References

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “წუერი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 551a
* Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 623
* Klimov, G. A. (1985) “Дополнения к этимологическому словарю картвельских языков. II [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages. II]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), number 1983, Moscow: Nauka, page 177 of 166–179
* Sardshweladse, Surab, Fähnrich, Heinz (2005) “წუერი”, in Altgeorgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch (Handbook of Oriental Studies; VIII.12), with the collaboration of Irine Melikishvili and Sopio Sardshweladse, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1548, glossed as Bart; Spitze; Gipfel, Höhe
# apóstata
## Galician
### Etymology

From Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek [Term?].

### Noun

apóstata m or f by sense (plural apóstatas)
* apostate (person who renounces a faith)

#### Related terms

* apostasía
* apostatar

### Further reading

* “apóstata”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin apostata, from Koine Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈpɔs.ta.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈpɔs.ta.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aˈpɔʃ.ta.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˈpɔs.ta.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈpɔʃ.tɐ.tɐ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɔstatɐ, (Portugal) -ɔʃtɐtɐ
* Hyphenation: a‧pós‧ta‧ta

### Noun

apóstata m or f by sense (plural apóstatas)
* apostate (person who renounces a faith)

#### Related terms

* apostasia
* apostatar

### Further reading

* “apóstata”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “apóstata”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpostata/ [aˈpos.t̪a.t̪a]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -ostata
* Syllabification: a‧pós‧ta‧ta

### Noun

apóstata m or f by sense (plural apóstatas)
* apostate (person who renounces a faith)

#### Related terms

* apostasía
* apostatar

### Further reading

* “apóstata”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# κίνησις
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From κῑνέω (kīnéō, “I move”) +‎ -σῐς (-sĭs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǐː.nɛː.sis/ → /ˈci.ni.sis/ → /ˈci.ni.sis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kǐː.nɛː.sis/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈki.ne̝.sis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈci.ni.sis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈci.ni.sis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈci.ni.sis/

### Noun

κῑ́νησῐς • (kī́nēsĭs) f (genitive κῑνήσεως); third declension
* motion
* dance
* political movement, revolt
* change, revolution
* (grammar) inflection
* (law) punitive action

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “motion”): στάσις (stásis)

#### Related terms

* ἀνακίνησις (anakínēsis)
* ἀντικίνησις (antikínēsis)
* αὐτοκίνησις (autokínēsis)
* διακίνησις (diakínēsis)
* μετακίνησις (metakínēsis)
* παρακίνησις (parakínēsis)
* προδιακίνησις (prodiakínēsis)
* συγκίνησις (sunkínēsis)
* ταχυκίνησις (takhukínēsis)

#### Descendants

* English: kinesis

### References

* “κίνησις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κίνησις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κίνησις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* G2796 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* κίνησις in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. agitation idem, page 19.cοnvulsion idem, page 193.disturbance idem, page 242.locomotion idem, page 497.motion idem, page 542.movement idem, page 545.sedition idem, page 748.stir idem, page 818.unrest idem, page 930.upheaval idem, page 938.
# saṅga
## Old Javanese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit सङ्ग (saṅga, “attachment; contact; confluence; union; joining”).

#### Noun

saṅga
* coming together, sounding together
* intercourse

##### Derived terms

* asaṅga
* kasaṅgan
* pasaṅga
* sinaṅgan
* sumaṅga
* sumaṅgani

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋga (“hilt of knife or bolo; to support”).

#### Root

saṅga
* support

##### Derived terms

* anaṅga
* asaṅga
* kasaṅga
* saṅgan
* sinaṅga
* sumaṅga
* saṅga byoma
* saṅga ghana
* saṅga laṅit
* saṅgâkāśa
* saṅgânila

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
* सङ्ग (Devanagari script)
* সঙ্গ (Bengali script)
* සඞ‍්ග (Sinhalese script)
* သင်္ဂ or သင်္ၷ or သင်ၷ (Burmese script)
* สงฺค or สังคะ (Thai script)
* ᩈᩘᨣ (Tai Tham script)
* ສງ຺ຄ or ສັງຄະ (Lao script)
* សង្គ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄋𑄴𑄉 (Chakma script)

### Noun

saṅga m
* attachment
* clinging

#### Declension
### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “saṅga”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
# juntura
## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin iūnctūra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ʒunˈtu.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [d͡ʒunˈtu.ɾa]

### Noun

juntura f (plural juntures)
* joint

#### Synonyms

* (anatomical joint): articulació

#### Related terms

* conjuntura

### Further reading

* “juntura” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Noun

juntura f (plural junturas, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of xuntura

### References

* “juntura” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iūnctūra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xunˈtuɾa/ [xũn̪ˈt̪u.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: jun‧tu‧ra

### Noun

juntura f (plural junturas)
* joint
* coupling (of train cars)

#### Related terms

* coyuntura
* junta
* juntar

### Further reading

* “juntura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# justificación
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin iūstificātiōnem, from iūstificō, from Latin iūstus. By surface analysis, justificar +‎ -ción; cognate with Galician xustificación.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /xustifikaˈθjon/ [xus.t̪i.fi.kaˈθjõn]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /xustifikaˈsjon/ [xus.t̪i.fi.kaˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: jus‧ti‧fi‧ca‧ción

### Noun

justificación f (plural justificaciones)
* justification

#### Related terms

* justificante
* justificar

### Further reading

* “justificación”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# clubbing
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklʌbɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌbɪŋ

### Verb

clubbing
* present participle and gerund of club

### Noun

clubbing (countable and uncountable, plural clubbings)
* (countable) An instance of using a club.
    There was an outbreak of near-fatal clubbings in that area.
** 2009 February 22, Kevin Baker, “Blood on the Street”, in The New York Times‎:Efforts to unionize were routinely met with clubbings, shootings, jailings, blacklistings and executions, perpetrated not only by well-armed legions of company goons, but also by police officers, deputies, National Guardsmen and even regular soldiers.
* (countable, medicine) A thickening of the ends of fingers and toes.
* (uncountable) The practice of frequenting nightclubs.
    We're going clubbing tonight.
    I don't like clubbing.
* The development of clubroot in a plant.

#### Derived terms

* pseudoclubbing

#### Related terms

* clubber
* clubgoer

#### Translations
## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English clubbing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkla.biŋk/
* Rhymes: -abiŋk
* Syllabification: clu‧bbing

### Noun

clubbing m inan
* (colloquial) clubbing (practice of frequenting nightclubs)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* clubbing in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* clubbing in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Noun

clubbing m (plural clubbings)
* clubbing