# humilis
## Latin
### Etymology

From humus +‎ -ilis. The resemblance to Ancient Greek χθαμαλός (khthamalós) is cognate, but probably accidental, and not sufficient to assume a direct inheritance from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰemelo- (a derivative from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”)). Compare also Middle English dingle (“depression, hollow”) (from Old English *dyngel).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈhu.mi.lis/, [ˈhʊmɪlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈu.mi.lis/, [ˈuːmilis]

### Adjective

humilis (neuter humile, comparative humilior, superlative humillimus, adverb humiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective
* low, lowly, small, slight; shallow
* (in respect to birth, fortune or worth) base, mean, humble, obscure, poor, needy, insignificant, low
    Synonyms: ignōbilis, modicus, dēmissus
* short, not tall (of physical stature)
* submissive, abject; (post-Classical) humble (of mind or character)
* mean, without elevation (of language)

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Derived terms

* humile
* humiliātiō
* humilificō
* humiliō
* humilitās
* humiliter
* humilitō

#### Related terms

* humātiō
* humātor
* humī
* humō
* humus

#### Descendants

* Catalan: humil
* Old Franco-Provençal: humil
** Franco-Provençal: humil
* Old French: humble, umble
** → English: humble
** French: humble
* Galician: humilde
* → Old Irish: umal
** Irish: umhal
** Scottish Gaelic: ùmhal
* Italian: umile
* Occitan: umil
* Portuguese: húmil, húmile, humilde
* Romanian: umil
* Spanish: humil, humilde
* → Proto-Brythonic: *uβ̃ɨl
** Middle Breton: uuel, vuhel
*** Breton: uvel
** Old Cornish: huuel
*** Cornish: uvel, huvel
** Old Welsh: humil
*** Middle Welsh: uwyl, uffyl
**** Welsh: ufyll (with ll from ufylltod), hufyll (with h reimported from Latin)
* Translingual: Chrysojasminum humile (syn. Jasminum humile)

### References

* “humilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “humilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* humilis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to study the commonplace: cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere) to be cast down, discouraged, in despair: animo esse humili, demisso (more strongly animo esse fracto, perculso et abiecto) (Att. 3. 2) of humble, obscure origin: humili, obscuro loco natus of humble, obscure origin: humilibus (obscuris) parentibus natus
* humilis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Souter, Alexander (1949) “humilis”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D.‎, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 177
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “humus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292