# marketing
## English
### Etymology

By surface analysis, market +‎ -ing.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈmɑɹkɪtɪŋ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

marketing
* present participle and gerund of market

### Noun

marketing (countable and uncountable, plural marketings)
* Buying and/or selling in a market (street market or market fair).
** 1961, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, page 16:The final result of the extreme seasonality of marketings of cattle and calves in Arkansas would have been an inshipment of either slaughter cattle or block beef and beef products during three quarters of the year.
** (archaic or Philippines) Shopping, going to market as a buyer.
*** 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities:Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]
*** 1926, George Herriman, comic strip Us Husbands, June 12th, 1926 (reprinted in the back of Krazy & Ignatz, vol. 1922–1924, Fantagraphics, 2012, →ISBN, p. 223):
    [Wife to husband:] I'm going out to do my marketing – keep out of the kitchen, while I'm gone.
*** 2022 May 14, Fr. Roger Solis, SVD, The Word in Other Words‎, University of San Carlos:We did everything from laundry to house cleaning, washing dishes to cooking, and even marketing. Since I was gifted with the skills to cook, I volunteered to help out in the kitchen and do the marketing.
** (dated) Attending market as a seller.
    Marketing was a time-consuming task for truck farming families, as the round trip could take most of the day.
* (uncountable) The promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service; the work of a marketer; includes market research and advertising.
    a bachelor's degree in marketing
** 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

#### Usage notes

The newer sense of the gerund (promotion and distribution strategy, often across multiple markets) has largely displaced the older sense (attending street market as either buyer or seller), but readers who encounter the gerund in older texts should appreciate that the older sense was meant. In areas where it is common for a domestic helper to go grocery-shopping on behalf of their employer (e.g. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) both senses of the word may be used, depending on context.

#### Hyponyms

(promotion of sales) advertising, branding, pricing, sales, promotion

#### Derived terms

* affiliate marketing
* ambush marketing
* antimarketing
* benchmarketing
* cybermarketing
* demarketing
* direct marketing
* drip marketing
* e-marketing
* event marketing
* geomarketing
* guerrilla marketing
* influencer marketing
* macromarketing
* marketese
* marketing collateral
* marketingese
* marketing research
* martech
* membership marketing
* metamarketing
* micromarketing
* multi-level marketing
* murketing
* network marketing
* neuromarketing
* niche marketing
* nonmarketing
* organic search marketing
* political marketing
* postmarketing
* premarketing
* referral marketing
* smarketing
* target marketing
* time marketing
* viral marketing

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: màrqueting
* → French: marketing
* → German: Marketing
* → Greek: μάρκετινγκ (márketingk)
* → Hungarian: marketing
* → Italian: marketing
* → Polish: marketing
* → Portuguese: marketing
* → Romanian: marketing
* → Russian: маркетинг (marketing)
** → Kazakh: маркетинг (marketiñ)
** → Mongolian: маркетинг (marketing)
* → Serbo-Croatian: marketing
* → Spanish: marketing
* → Turkish: marketing
* → Ukrainian: маркетинг (marketynh)

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʁ.ke.tiŋ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

marketing m (plural marketings)
* marketing
    Synonym: mercatique m
    Antonym: démarketing

#### See also

* commercialisation

### Further reading

* “marketing”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɒrkɛtiŋɡ]
* Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting
* Rhymes: -iŋɡ

### Noun

marketing (plural marketingek)
* marketing

#### Derived terms

* marketinges
(Compound words):
* marketingosztály

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmar.ke.tinɡ/, /ˈmar.ke.tin/
* Rhymes: -arketinɡ, -arketin
* Hyphenation: màr‧ke‧ting

### Noun

marketing m (uncountable)
* marketing (the promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service)

### References

* ↑ marketing in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Further reading

* marketing in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /marˈkɛ.tiŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtiŋk
* Syllabification: mar‧ke‧ting

### Noun

marketing m inan
* marketing (promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service)

#### Derived terms

* marketingowy
* marketingowiec

### Further reading

* marketing in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* marketing in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmah.ke.t͡ʃĩ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmah.ke.t͡ʃĩ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈmaɾ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmaχ.ke.t͡ʃĩ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈmaɻ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmaɾ.kɨ.tĩɡ/

### Noun

marketing m (usually uncountable, plural marketings)
* marketing (communication and interaction with costumers)
    Synonym: (less common) mercadologia
    O setor de marketing está avaliando o público-alvo.The marketing department is analysing the target audience.
* (informal) promotion (the act of promoting a product or service)
    Synonym: promoção
    Fiz um marketing da nossa banda.I put out some promotion for our band.

#### Derived terms

* marketing direto
* marqueteiro

#### Related terms

* mercado
* telemarketing

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

### Noun

marketing n (uncountable)
* marketing

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mǎrketinɡ/
* Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting

### Noun

màrketing m (Cyrillic spelling ма̀ркетинг)
* marketing

#### Declension
### References

* “marketing”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaɾketin/ [ˈmaɾ.ke.t̪ĩn]
* Rhymes: -aɾketin

### Noun

marketing m (plural marketings)
* marketing
    Synonym: mercadotecnia

#### Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

#### Alternative forms

* márketing (nonstandard)
* márquetin
* márketin

#### Further reading

* “marketing”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “marketing” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
* márquetin/mercadotecnia | FundéuRAE
* «marketing», alternativas en español | FundéuRAE

## Turkish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɾ.ce.tiɲɟ/
* Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting

### Noun

marketing (definite accusative marketingi, plural marketingler)
* marketing
    Synonym: pazarlama

#### Derived terms

* dijital marketing

### Further reading

* “marketing”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “marketing”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3000