# 款

| 款 | U+6B3E, &#27454; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B3E |
| ← 欽 [U+6B3D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 欿 → [U+6B3F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

款 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土火弓人 (GFNO), four-corner 4798$_2$, composition ⿰⿱士示欠)

#### Derived characters

* 𫫬, 𢕫, 𢡜, 𢴪, 𣽟, 㯘, 䥗, 𫔋, 䲌, 𡪡, 䕀, 窾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 569, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16107
* Dae Jaweon: page 957, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2141, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6B3E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 款 | *kʰloːnʔ |
| 欵 | *kʰloːnʔ |
| 歀 | *kʰloːnʔ |
| 窾 | *kʰloːnʔ |
Originally 歀 (kuài), phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : phonetic 柰 (OC *naːds) + semantic 欠 (“lacking, desire”), meaning “desire”. The 木 component was simplified into 士 via libian, similar to 隸→隷.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰloːnʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 窾 (OC *kʰloːnʔ) + semantic 欠 (“lacking, desire”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuǎn (kuan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fun$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khoán
    (Hailu, HRS): kuan$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kuan$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kuang$^3$ / kuong$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khóaⁿ / khoán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kuang$^2$ / kuêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khue; $^5$khuoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuan$^3$
*** Yale: kwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koan
*** Palladius: куань (kuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯än²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fun$^2$
*** Yale: fún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khoán
*** Hakka Romanization System: kuan$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kuan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoan³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kuan$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuan²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kuan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuan³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kuang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuoŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khuánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qvoar
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰuã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoán
*** Tâi-lô: khuán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoarn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰuan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /kʰuan⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuan⁴¹/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
** khóaⁿ - vernacular;
** khoán - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khwanX
Rime :
| Character | 款 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦管切 |
| Baxter | khwanX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuɑn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷɑn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɑn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuɑn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɑn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuɑn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 款 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7508 |
| Phonetic component | 款 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 款 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰloːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

款
* money (of certain kind)
    借款 ― jièkuǎn ― loan
    存款 ― cúnkuǎn ― deposit
* model, type
    幾款車／几款车 [Cantonese] ― gei$^2$ fun$^2$ ce$^1$ [Jyutping] ― several types of cars
    同款手機／同款手机 [Cantonese] ― tung$^4$ fun$^2$ sau$^2$ gei$^1$ [Jyutping] ― same model of phone
* signature
* (law) subsection; subparagraph; subclause (in bills)
* (Southern Min, Cantonese) appearance; being
    衰款 [Cantonese] ― seoi$^1$ fun$^2$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Hokkien) Classifier for varieties: kind; sort; type ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 種, 類 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 種 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 種 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 種 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 種, 隻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 種, 隻 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 種, 款 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 種 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 種, 款 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 款 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 種, 隻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 種, 樣 |

#### Compounds

* 上款 (shàngkuǎn)
* 下款
* 不中於款 / 不中于款
* 丹款
* 仝款 (kāng-khoán) (Min Nan)
* 付款 (fùkuǎn)
* 付款人 (fùkuǎnrén)
* 借款 (jièkuǎn)
* 價款 / 价款 (jiàkuǎn)
* 儲蓄存款 / 储蓄存款
* 兌款 / 兑款
* 入款
* 公款 (gōngkuǎn)
* 分期付款 (fēnqī fùkuǎn)
* 割地賠款 / 割地赔款 (gēdìpéikuǎn)
* 助學貸款 / 助学贷款 (zhùxué dàikuǎn)
* 募款 (mùkuǎn)
* 匯款 / 汇款 (huìkuǎn)
* 取款 (qǔkuǎn)
* 受款人
* 合款
* 墊款 / 垫款
* 外幣存款 / 外币存款
* 大借款
* 存款 (cúnkuǎn)
* 定期存款 (dìngqī cúnkuǎn)
* 官款
* 寄款
* 專款 / 专款 (zhuānkuǎn)
* 專款專用 / 专款专用
* 尾款 (wěikuǎn)
* 巨款 (jùkuǎn)
* 帝王條款 / 帝王条款
* 帳款 / 帐款 (zhàngkuǎn)
* 庚子賠款 / 庚子赔款
* 延款
* 忠款
* 息款
* 悃悃款款
* 情款
* 悾款
* 應付帳款 / 应付帐款 (yīngfù zhàngkuǎn)
* 應收帳款 / 应收帐款 (yīngshōu zhàngkuǎn)
* 投資放款 / 投资放款
* 抵押放款
* 押款 (yākuǎn)
* 拆款
* 拆款利率
* 拿款
* 捐款 (juānkuǎn)
* 捲款潛逃 / 卷款潜逃
* 提款 (tíkuǎn)
* 提款卡 (tíkuǎnkǎ)
* 提款機 / 提款机 (tíkuǎnjī)
* 撥款 / 拨款 (bōkuǎn)
* 擔保放款 / 担保放款
* 擺款 / 摆款
* 收款 (shōukuǎn)
* 放款 (fàngkuǎn)
* 新款 (xīnkuǎn)
* 暗通款曲 (àntōngkuǎnqū)
* 會款 / 会款
* 條款 / 条款 (tiáokuǎn)
* 欠款 (qiànkuǎn)
* 款交
* 款住
* 款兒 / 款儿
* 款冬
* 款單 / 款单
* 款塞
* 款子 (kuǎnzi)
* 款學寡聞 / 款学寡闻
* 款客
* 款宴
* 款密
* 款式 (kuǎnshì)
* 款引
* 款待 (kuǎndài)
* 款慢
* 款打
* 款接
* 款啟寡聞 / 款启寡闻
* 款曲 (kuǎnqū)
* 款服
* 款款
* 款款動人 / 款款动人
* 款步
* 款段
* 款洽
* 款狀 / 款状
* 款留 (kuǎnliú)
* 款目
* 款襟
* 款要
* 款語 / 款语
* 款語溫言 / 款语温言
* 款識 / 款识
* 款踏
* 款門 / 款门
* 款關 / 款关
* 款附
* 款項 / 款项 (kuǎnxiàng)
* 款題 / 款题
* 款額 / 款额
* 沒行款 / 没行款
* 活期存款 (huóqī cúnkuǎn)
* 活期放款
* 無息貸款 / 无息贷款
* 犯款
* 現款 / 现款 (xiànkuǎn)
* 短款
* 票據存款 / 票据存款
* 票款
* 禮數款段 / 礼数款段
* 稅款 / 税款 (shuìkuǎn)
* 籌款 / 筹款 (chóukuǎn)
* 納款 / 纳款
* 綜合存款 / 综合存款
* 繳款 / 缴款
* 罰款 / 罚款 (fákuǎn)
* 臨時條款 / 临时条款
* 華僑條款 / 华侨条款
* 落日條款 / 落日条款 (luòrì tiáokuǎn)
* 落款 (luòkuǎn)
* 行款 (hángkuǎn)
* 衷款
* 西原借款
* 觀款 / 观款
* 貨款 / 货款 (huòkuǎn)
* 貸款 / 贷款 (dàikuǎn)
* 賄款 / 贿款
* 賑款 / 赈款
* 賠款 / 赔款 (péikuǎn)
* 贓款 / 赃款 (zāngkuǎn)
* 贖款 / 赎款 (shúkuǎn)
* 超額貸款 / 超额贷款
* 軟款 / 软款
* 輕輕款款 / 轻轻款款
* 退款 (tuìkuǎn)
* 通款
* 進款 / 进款 (jìnkuǎn)
* 鉅款 / 巨款 (jùkuǎn)
* 銀行貸款 / 银行贷款
* 鐘鼎款識 / 钟鼎款识
* 門檻條款 / 门槛条款
* 附帶條款 / 附带条款
* 附款
* 雙款 / 双款
* 零付款
* 需款孔急
* 領款 / 领款
* 題款 / 题款 (tíkuǎn)
* 餘款 / 余款 (yúkuǎn)
* 鬧酸款 / 闹酸款
* 黃金條款 / 黄金条款

### See also

* (kind): (Mandarin) 樣／样 (yàng), (Mandarin) 樣子／样子 (yàngzi)

### References

* ↑ 李學勤，2012《字源》，天津：天津古籍出版社，2013年7月2次印刷。p. 768

### Further reading

* “Entry #8544”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: まこと (makoto, 款)、しるす (shirusu, 款す)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 款
* かん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 款 (MC khwanX).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Noun

款(かん) • (kan)
* intimacy; friendship
* section of an article in a law, code, etc.

### Affix

款(かん) • (kan)
* intimacy; friendship
* signature; sign and seal
* articles or clauses of an agreement, document of proof, etc.
* expense; money; funds

## Korean
### Hanja

款 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

款: Hán Nôm readings: khoản
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.