# 橙

| 橙 | U+6A59, &#27225; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A59 |
| ← 橘 [U+6A58] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 橚 → [U+6A5A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

橙 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓人廿 (DNOT), four-corner 4291$_8$, composition ⿰木登)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15552
* Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6A59

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 登 | *tɯːŋ |
| 璒 | *tɯːŋ |
| 燈 | *tɯːŋ |
| 簦 | *tɯːŋ |
| 蹬 | *tɯːŋ, *dɯːŋs |
| 磴 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ |
| 鐙 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs |
| 嶝 | *tɯːŋs |
| 隥 | *tɯːŋs |
| 橙 | *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 凳 | *tɯːŋs |
| 墱 | *tɯːŋs |
| 鼟 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 膯 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 澄 | *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ |
| 鄧 | *dɯːŋs |
| 僜 | *dɯːŋs, *tʰɯŋ |
| 覴 | *tʰɯŋs |
| 瞪 | *dɯŋ, *dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 憕 | *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ |
| 撜 | *tjɯŋʔ |
| 證 | *tjɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chéng (cheng$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чын (čɨn, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caang$^{4-2}$ / caang$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cang$^{3*}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀n
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cang$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ceng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): câng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cèng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiâng / chhiâm / têng / siâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zan; $^6$zen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cen$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰən²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чын (čɨn, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caang$^{4-2}$ / caang$^4$
*** Yale: cháang / chàahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang$^{4-2}$ / tsaang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cang$^{4-2}$ / cang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰaːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cang$^{3*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨn¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ceng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: câng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cèng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâm
*** Tâi-lô: tshiâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiaam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines, Singapore): /t͡sʰiam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiam¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng
*** Tâi-lô: tîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: deeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâm
*** Tâi-lô: siâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaam
*** IPA (Philippines): /siam²⁴/
* chhiâm/chhiâng - vernacular;
* têng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit橙 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /təŋ³¹²/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰən³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰen²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zen²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zeŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sən¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /d͡zən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiŋ³⁵/ /t͡sʰiam³⁵/ /t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɛiŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /seŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: dreang
Rime :
| Character | 橙 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (117) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 宅耕切 |
| Baxter | dreang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠɛŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚæŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡɐŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖəɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡæŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱæŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤrəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rdɯːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 橙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drɛng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁrəŋ/ |
| English | citrus tree (Shuōwén) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 橙 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2200 |
| Phonetic component | 登 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 橙 |
| Old Chinese | /*rdɯːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

橙
* orange (the tree)
* orange (the fruit) (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 楷 c)
* orange (the color)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 橙子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 柳丁, 柳橙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 橙子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 橙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 橙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 橙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 橙子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 橙子, 廣柑, 廣柑兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 橙子, 橙子果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 橙果, 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 橙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 黃果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 黃果 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 橙子, 甜橙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 橙子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 橙仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 橙果 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 橙子 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 橙子 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 橙, 橙果, 橙子 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 橙 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 廣柑 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 橙仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 橙 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 橙 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 橙仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 橙 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 橙, 大桔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 橙 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 橙 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 橙仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 橙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 橙子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen (Jinsha) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 柳丁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 橙子 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 橙 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 嗍柑 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 橙 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 橙 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 橙 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Yangjia) | 橙子柑 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 甜橙, 橙子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 橙子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 橙 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 橙子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 甜橙 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 甜橙, 廣橘 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 橙, 橙黃, 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 橘紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 橘紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 橘黃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 橘黃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 金魚黃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 橙 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 橙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 金黃, 金紅 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 淰黃 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 淰黃 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 淰黃 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 柑黃 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 淰黃 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 金黃 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 橘紅, 橘黃 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 金黃, 橘黃 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 柑 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 橙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 金黃, 橘紅 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 橘黃 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 橘黃, 橘紅, 橙黃 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 橘黃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 橘黃, 橘紅 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 橘黃 |

#### Compounds

* 柳橙 (liǔchéng)
* 柳橙汁 (liǔchéngzhī)
* 桑橙 (sāngchéng)
* 橙仔
* 橙子 (chéngzi)
* 橙子汁
* 橙汁 (chéngzhī)
* 橙皮 (chéngpí)
* 橙縣 / 橙县 (Chéngxiàn)
* 橙腹鸚鵡 / 橙腹鹦鹉 (chéngfù yīngwǔ)
* 橙色 (chéngsè)
* 橙黃 / 橙黄 (chénghuáng)
* 甜橙 (tiánchéng)
* 甲基橙 (jiǎjīchéng)
* 臍橙 / 脐橙
* 蜜橙糕 (mìchénggāo)
* 香橙 (xiāngchéng)

#### Descendants

* → Thai: เช้ง (chéeng)
* → Vietnamese: chanh

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 橙 – see 凳 (“bench, stool; chair”). (This character is a variant form of 凳).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bitter orange

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)、とう (tō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)、とう (tō)
* Kun: だいだい (daidai, 橙)

#### Compounds

* 橙果(とうか) (tōka)
* 橙(とう)花油(かゆ) (tō-kayu)
* 橙橘(トウキツ) (tōkitsu)
* 橙(とう)黄色(こうしょく) (tōkōshoku)
* 橙色(とうしょく) (tōshoku)
* 橙皮(とうひ) (tōhi)
* 香橙(コウトウ) (kōtō)
* 文橙(ぼんたん) (bontan)
* 臭橙(しゅうとう) (shūtō)
* 赤橙(せきとう)色(しょく) (sekitōshoku)
* 臭橙(カブス) (kabusu), 臭橙(カブチ) (kabuchi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 橙
* だいだい Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 臭橙 回青橙
Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) だいだい [dàídáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [da̠ida̠i]

### Noun

橙(だいだい) or 橙(ダイダイ) • (daidai)
* the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium)
    Synonym: 橙橘 (tōkitsu)
    Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)
    Hyponyms: 枸櫞 (kabuchi), 臭橙 (kabusu)
* (by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ダイダイ.

#### Derived terms

* 橙(ダイダイ)磯海綿(イソカイメン) (daidai isokaimen)
* 橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidai-iro)
* 橙(だいだい)酢(ず) (daidai-zu)
* 橙(ダイダイ)橘(タチバナ) (daidai-tachibana)
* 夏(ナツ)橙(ダイダイ) (natsudaidai)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

橙 • (deung, jeung) (hangeul 등, 증)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

橙: Hán Nôm readings: chanh, tranh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation