# manifold
## English
### Alternative forms

* manyfold

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/, (nonstandard) /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/, /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: man‧i‧fold
* Rhymes: -ænɪfoʊld
* Rhymes: -əʊld

### Etymology 1

From Middle English manifold, from Old English maniġfeald (“manifold, various, varied, complicated, numerous, abundant, plural”), from Proto-Germanic *managafalþaz, equivalent to many +‎ -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalt (“manifold”), Icelandic margfaldr (“multiple”). Compare also German mannigfaltig (“various”), Dutch menigvoudig (“various”), Danish mangefold (“multiple”), Swedish mångfald (“diversity”).

#### Adjective

manifold (comparative more manifold, superlative most manifold)
* Various in kind or quality; diverse.
    The manifold meanings of the simple English word set are infamous among dictionary makers.
* Many in number, numerous; multiple, multiplied.
** 1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Supper of the Lorde, and the Holy Communion, Commonly Called the Masse”, in The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC, folio cxxix, recto:And although we be vnworthy (through our manyfolde ſynnes) to offre vnto thee any Sacryfice: Yet we beſeche thee to accepte thys our bounden duetie and ſeruice: and commande theſe our prayers and ſupplicacions, by the Miniſtery of thy holy Angels, to be brought vp into thy holy Tabernacle before the ſyght of thy dyuine maieſtie: […]
* Complicated.
* Exhibited at diverse times or in various ways.
** c. 1384, I Petre 4:10 (Wycliffe's Bible):
    […] the manyfold grace of God.
** 1611, Ephesians 3:10 (w:King James Bible):
    The manifold wisdom of God.

##### Synonyms

* (various in kind or quality): diverse, various, varied, multiplicitous; See also Thesaurus:heterogeneous
* (many in number): multiple, numerous; see also Thesaurus:manifold

##### Antonyms

* onefold
* singlefold

##### Derived terms

* manifolder
* manifoldly
* manifoldness

##### Translations
#### Adverb

manifold (comparative more manifold, superlative most manifold)
* Many times; repeatedly.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, book 1, canto 12:when his daughter deare he does behold, / Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.

##### Synonyms

* manyfold, frequently, ofttimes; see also Thesaurus:often

#### Noun

manifold (plural manifolds)
* (historical) A copy made by the manifold writing process.
* (mechanics) A pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs or outputs.
* (US, dialectal, chiefly in the plural) The third stomach of a ruminant animal, an omasum.
** 1830, Anson, Somerset Co. Me.‎, retrieved 12 June 2007:My conjecture being right he will find the third stomach, or manifolds, the seat of difficulty.
* (mathematics) A Hausdorff topological space that looks locally like the "ordinary" Euclidean space $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
* (computer graphics) A polygon mesh representing the continuous, closed surface of a solid object

##### Usage notes

* In mathematics, a manifold of some number of dimensions n is termed an n-manifold (e.g. 3-manifold).

##### Hyponyms

* Flag manifold
* Grassmann manifold
* Stiefel manifold
* analytic manifold
* complex manifold
* differentiable manifold
* piecewise linear manifold
* smooth manifold
* topological manifold
* almost complex manifold
* almost symplectic manifold
* Calabi–Yau manifold
* calibrated manifold
* complex manifold
* contact manifold
* CR manifold
* Finsler manifold
* Hermitian manifold
* Hyperkähler manifold
* Kähler manifold
* Lie group
* pseudo-Riemannian manifold
* Riemannian manifold
* Sasakian manifold
* semi-Riemannian manifold
* spin manifold
* symplectic manifold
* Banach manifold
* Fréchet manifold
* Hilbert manifold
* C$^k$-manifold
* connected manifold
* C$^ω$-manifold
* C$^∞$-manifold
* E$_8$ manifold
* Einstein manifold
* Finsler manifold
* G$_2$ manifold
* Kervaire manifold
* Lorentzian manifold
* manifold with boundary
* n-dimensional manifold
* n-manifold
* non-Hausdorff manifold
* non-smoothable manifold
* pure manifold
* Quaternionic Kähler manifold
* real manifold
* Ricci-flat manifold
* Spin(7) manifold
* submanifold
* Weeks manifold
* Whitehead manifold

##### Derived terms

* Calabi-Yau manifold
* chain of manifolds
* continuous manifoldness
* discontinuous manifoldness
* inlet manifold
* intake manifold
* manifoldness
* manifold writer
* manifold writing
* non-manifold

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English manifolden, from Old English maniġfealdan (“to multiply, abound, increase, extend, reward”), equivalent to many +‎ -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalten, Icelandic margfalda (“to multiply”), Swedish mångfaldiga (“to manifold, reproduce”).

#### Verb

manifold (third-person singular simple present manifolds, present participle manifolding, simple past and past participle manifolded)
* (transitive) To make manifold; multiply.
* (transitive, printing) To multiply or reproduce impressions of by a single operation.

##### Translations
## French
### Noun

manifold m (plural manifolds)
* (historical) manifold

### Further reading

* “manifold”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.