# язык
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* jazyk — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ѧзы́къ (jazýk), from Old East Slavic ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jaˈzɨk]
* Rhymes: -ɨk
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: язык

### Noun

язы́к • (jazýk) m inan (genitive языка́, nominative plural языкі́, genitive plural языко́ў, relational adjective языко́вы, diminutive язычо́к)
* (anatomy) tongue (organ)
* (figuratively) speaking, speech (the ability to speak, to express one's thoughts in words)
* clapper (of a bell)
* (figuratively) any elongated object or tongue-like in shape

#### Usage notes

Unlike Russian which uses язы́к (jazýk) to translate both tongue and language, in Belarusian мо́ва (móva) is used to translate language.

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### Noun

язы́к • (jazýk) m pers (genitive языка́, nominative plural языкі́, genitive plural языко́ў)
* (colloquial, figuratively, military slang) canary, captive, informer (a prisoner who is captured specifically to obtain the necessary information about an enemy)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “язык”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “язык” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Carpathian Rusyn
### Alternative forms

* язик (jazyk)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ѧзы́къ (jazýk), from Old East Slavic ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jaˈzɨk/

### Noun

язы́к • (jazŷ́k) m (Zakarpattia, Prešov)
* tongue
* language
    Synonym: бесїда (besjida)

#### Related terms

* языкатый (jazŷkatŷj)
* языковый (jazŷkovŷj)
* языкознавець (jazŷkoznavecʹ)
* языкознатель (jazŷkoznatelʹ)
* языча (jazŷča)
* язычник (jazŷčnyk)
* язычок (jazŷčok)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* язы́къ (jazýk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
* езы́к (jezýk) (internet slang)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s, whence English tongue and language.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [(j)ɪˈzɨk]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɨk

### Noun

язы́к • (jazýk) m inan or m anim (genitive языка́, nominative plural языки́, genitive plural языко́в, relational adjective языково́й or языко́вый or язы́чный, diminutive язычо́к)
* (inanimate) tongue
    на ко́нчике языка́ ― na kónčike jazyká ― on the tip of (one's) tongue
    У него́ язы́к без косте́й. ― U nevó jazýk bez kostéj. ― He's a big mouth / blabbermouth / waffler / rambler / talks too much. (Used to describe someone who talks a load of nonsense.) (literally, “He has a tongue without bones.”)
** 2006, Владимир Сорокин, День опричника, Москва: Захаров; English translation from Jamey Gambrell, transl., Day of the Oprichnik, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011:Погода снова вокруг танцует, плечами, как девка срамная, покачивает, подмигивает, язык розовый показывает.Pogoda snova vokrug tancujet, plečami, kak devka sramnaja, pokačivajet, podmigivajet, jazyk rozovyj pokazyvajet.Pogoda dances around, mincing like a tart. He rocks back and forth, sticks out his pink tongue.
* (inanimate) language
    ру́сский язы́к ― rússkij jazýk ― the Russian language
* (animate, military, slang) prisoner for interrogation, canary, informer
* (inanimate) clapper (of a bell)
* (animate, Middle Russian, obsolete) interpreter
** XVI-XVII century, Странник игумена Даниила (Pilgrimage of Hegumen Daniel):
    […] невъзможно бо безъ вожа ходити и безъ ꙗзыка испытати и видѣти всѣхъ тѣхъ свѧтыхъ местъ.[…] nevʺzmožno bo bez voža xoditi i bez jazyka ispytati i viděti vsěx těx svjatyx mest. […] for it is impossible without a guide to walk [there] or without an interpreter to see all these holy places.

#### Synonyms

* речь (rečʹ, “speech, spoken language”)

#### Derived terms

* иноязы́чный (inojazýčnyj)
* языкове́д m (jazykovéd)
* языко́вый (jazykóvyj)
* языкозна́ние n (jazykoznánije)
* язы́чник m (jazýčnik)
** многоязы́чный (mnogojazýčnyj)
** русскоязы́чный (russkojazýčnyj)
** англоязы́чный (anglojazýčnyj)

### Further reading

* язык in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru