OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# պատանդ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian պատանդ (patand).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /pɑˈtɑnd/, [pɑtɑ́nd]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /bɑˈdɑnt/, [bɑdɑ́ntʰ]

### Noun

պատանդ • (patand)
* hostage

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* պանդանդ (pandand)
* պանտանդ (pantand)

### Etymology

Of the same Iranian origin as պատեմ (patem, “to surround, enclose”).

### Noun

պատանդ • (patand)
* hostage
    տալ ի պատանդ ― tal i patand ― to plight, to pledge, to offer as a pledge
    առնուլ ի պատանդ ― aṙnul i patand ― to take as a hostage or pledge
    ի պատանդ կալ ― i patand kal ― to be hostage

#### Derived terms

* պանտանդեմ (pantandem)
* պատանդեմ (patandem)
* պատանդիմ (patandim)
* պատանդիչ (patandičʻ)
* պատանդութիւն (patandutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: պատանդ (patand)

### References

* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 303

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “պատանդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “պատանդ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “պատանդ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# тенісист
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From те́ніс (ténis) +‎ -і́ст (-íst). Compare Russian тенниси́ст (tɛnnisíst) and Belarusian тэнісі́ст (tenisíst).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tenʲiˈsɪst]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

теніси́ст • (tenisýst) m pers (genitive теніси́ста, nominative plural теніси́сти, genitive plural теніси́стів, feminine теніси́стка)
* tennis player

#### Related terms

* те́ніс m inan (ténis)
* те́ніска f inan (téniska)
* те́нісний (ténisnyj)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “тенісист”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “тенісист”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “тенісист”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “тенісист”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “тенісист”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “тенісист”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# δίκελλα
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Clearly related to μάκελλα (mákella, “mattock”). Since this word is from Pre-Greek, also δίκελλα (díkella) should be too.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dí.kel.la/ → /ˈði.cel.la/ → /ˈði.ce.la/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /dí.kel.la/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈdi.kel.la/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈði.cel.la/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈði.cel.la/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈði.ce.la/

### Noun

δίκελλα • (díkella) f (genitive δικέλλης); first declension
* two-pronged fork, hoe
* adze, pickaxe, mattock

#### Derived terms

* δικελλευτής (dikelleutḗs)
* δικέλλιον (dikéllion)
* δικελλίτης (dikellítēs)
* δικελλοειδής (dikelloeidḗs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: δικέλλα (dikélla)
** → Ottoman Turkish: دیكل (dikel)

### Further reading

* “δίκελλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “δίκελλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* δίκελλα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* δίκελλα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# kousal
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkou̯sal]

### Participle

kousal
* masculine singular past active participle of kousat
# լամպար
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* լամբար (lambar), ղամպար (ġampar), ղամբար (ġambar)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian լամպար (lampar).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /lɑmˈpɑɾ/, [lɑmpɑ́ɾ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /lɑmˈbɑɾ/, [lɑmbɑ́ɾ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

լամպար • (lampar) (dated)
* lamp, torch

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* լամբար (lambar), ղամպար (łampar), ղամբար (łambar)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás), genitive λαμπάδος (lampádos). In light of the -ր (-r), the borrowing must have happened via Northwestern Iranian, as in կաղապար (kałapar). Doublet of լամբատք (lambatkʻ).

### Noun

լամպար • (lampar)
* lamp, torch

#### Derived terms

* անղամպարափայլ (anłamparapʻayl)
* ղամբարաբնակ (łambarabnak)
* ղամբարաբոց (łambarabocʻ)
* ղամբարանշոյլ (łambaranšoyl)
* ղամբարաշար (łambarašar)
* ղամբարապայծառ (łambarapaycaṙ)
* ղամբարապէս (łambarapēs)
* ղամբարաջահ (łambaraǰah)
* ղամբարաւոր (łambarawor)
* ղամբարափայլ (łambarapʻayl)
* ղամբարափայլեալ (łambarapʻayleal)
* ղամբարեմ (łambarem)
* ղամբարումն (łambarumn)
* ղամպարաբոց (łamparabocʻ)
* ղամպարաշար (łamparašar)
* ղամպարափայլ (łamparapʻayl)
* ղամպարումն (łamparumn)

#### Related terms

* լապտեր (lapter)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: լամպար (lampar), լամբար (lambar), ղամպար (ġampar), ղամբար (ġambar) (learned)
* → Old Georgian: ლამპარი (lamṗari)
** Georgian: ლამპარი (lamṗari)

### References

* ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1911–1912) “Sur les mots iraniens empruntés par l’arménien”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 17, page 248
* ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1920–1921) “De l’influence parthe sur la langue arménienne”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes (in French), volume 1, page 11
* ↑ Bolognesi, Giancarlo (1960) Le fonti dialettali degli imprestiti iranici in armeno (Pubblicazioni dell’Università cattolica del Sacro cuore. Serie 3: Scienze filologiche e letteratura; 1), Milano: Società Editrice Vita e Pensiero, pages 66, 67

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “լամբար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 262–263
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ղամբար”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “լամբար”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 351
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 884
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ղամբար”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# Sacramento Valley
## English
### Proper noun

Sacramento Valley
* A portion of the Central Valley of California, United States drained by the Sacramento River.
# xort
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English short-circuit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɔrt/

### Noun

xort m
* short-circuit

#### Related terms

* xxortja

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Perhaps related to xurt (“strong”), akin to English hard.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xoːɾt/
* Hyphenation: xort

### Adjective

xort (comparative xortir, superlative xortirîn, Arabic spelling خۆرت)
* young
    Synonyms: cahil, ciwan, naşî
    Antonyms: kal, mezin, pîr, sere

#### Derived terms

* xortayî
* xortî

### Noun

xort m (Arabic spelling خۆرت)
* adolescent, young man, youth
    Synonyms: ciwan, naşî, sengele
    Antonyms: îxtîyar, kal, kalik, kokin

#### Declension
### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “xort”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 412
# Kowa-Bunga
## English
### Interjection

Kowa-Bunga
* (obsolete) Alternative spelling of cowabunga
** 1954 Jan, Howdy Doody:Kowa-Bunga! Then Me Fix You Good! You Be Sorry.
# sanding
## English
### Etymology 1

From sand +‎ -ing.

#### Verb

sanding
* present participle and gerund of sand

### Etymology 2

From Middle English sanding, sandyng, equivalent to sand +‎ -ing.

#### Noun

sanding (countable and uncountable, plural sandings)
* The act or process by which something is sanded; the application of sandpaper, etc.
* A type of dancing where the floor is covered in sand. See Sanding (dance).
* The process of testing the surface of gilding, after it has been fired, with fine sand and water.
* The process of burying oysters in sand.
* The process of applying sand to rails in railway track to aid adhesion.
** 1951 June, “British Railways Standard Class "5" 4-6-0 Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 400:Sanding is by steam, and is fitted to to the front of the leading coupled wheels, and to front and rear of the driving wheels.
** 1959 April, “Motive Power Miscellany: North Eastern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 224–225:Next day further heavy sanding of the lines was carried out by standard Class "3" 2-6-2 tank No. 82028 from the Scarborough end and Class "4" 2-6-4 tank No. 42084 from Whitby.
* A coating of sugar crystals on confectionery, especially on jellies.
    sugar sanding
    sour sanding

##### Derived terms

* sanding gear
* sanding machine
* sanding paper
* sanding sheet
* sanding sugar
* wet sanding
* wet-sanding

### Anagrams

* Andings, Nadings
# speedskating
## English
### Noun

speedskating (uncountable)
* Alternative form of speed skating

#### Derived terms

* shorttrack speedskating
# παραγωγή
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From παρά (pará) +‎ ἀγωγή (agōgḗ, “transporting, leading”, noun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ra.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̌ː/ → /pa.ra.ɣoˈʝi/ → /pa.ra.ɣoˈʝi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pa.ra.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pa.ra.ɡoˈɡe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pa.ra.ɣoˈʝi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pa.ra.ɣoˈʝi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pa.ra.ɣoˈʝi/

### Noun

παραγωγή • (paragōgḗ) f (genitive παραγωγῆς); ? declension
* transport, conveyance
* production, creation
* massage
* sideways movement
* persuasion (act of persuading)
* deviation
* crime, offence
* deception, deceit
* language alteration; dialect
* derivation
* (grammar, prosody) paragoge

#### Descendants

* Late Latin: paragōgē (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* “παραγωγή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “παραγωγή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* παραγωγή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “creation”) with semantic loan from French production.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ɾa.ɣoˈʝi/
* Hyphenation: πα‧ρα‧γω‧γή

### Noun

παραγωγή • (paragogí) f (plural παραγωγές)
* production (the act of producing, making or creating something)
* production (the act of being produced)
* production (the total amount produced)
* manufacturing
* (logic) deduction (a process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented)
    Antonym: επαγωγή f (epagogí)

#### Derived terms

* παραγωγικός (paragogikós)
* παραγωγικότητα f (paragogikótita)

#### Related terms

* αναπαραγωγή f (anaparagogí)
* παράγω (parágo)
* παραγωγός m or f (paragogós)
* παράγωγος (parágogos)

### References

* ↑ παραγωγή, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

### Further reading

* παραγωγή on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* Παραγωγή (οικονομία) on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# pisika
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish física, from New Latin physica (“physics”), from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈpisika/ [ˌpiː.sɪˈxa]
* Rhymes: -isika
* Syllabification: pi‧si‧ka

### Noun

písiká (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜐᜒᜃ)
* physics (branch of science)
    Synonyms: (neologism) sugnayan, (neologism) liknayan

#### Related terms

* astropisika
* pisikal
* pisiko

### Further reading

* “pisika”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* pisika on the Tagalog Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{tl}$
# Holzhammer
## German
### Etymology

From Holz (“wood”) +‎ Hammer.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -amɐ

### Noun

Holzhammer m (strong, genitive Holzhammers, plural Holzhämmer)
* wooden mallet

#### Derived terms

* Holzhammermethode
* Holzhammernarkose

### Further reading

* “Holzhammer” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Holzhammer” in Duden online
# κακόβουλος
## Greek
### Adjective

κακόβουλος • (kakóvoulos) m (feminine κακόβουλη, neuter κακόβουλο)
* malevolent, malicious, nefarious
    Synonyms: μοχθηρός (mochthirós), κακοήθης (kakoḯthis), κακεντρεχής (kakentrechís), χαιρέκακος (chairékakos)

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κακόβουλος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κακόβουλος, etc.)

#### Related terms

* κακοβουλία f (kakovoulía, “malevolence”)
# peryodista
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Spanish periodista.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: per‧yo‧dis‧ta

### Noun

peryodista
* a journalist

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish periodista.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /peɾjoˈdista/ [pɛɾ.joˈd̪is.t̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: per‧yo‧dis‧ta

### Noun

peryodista (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)
* journalist
    Synonyms: mamamahayag, diyarista

#### Related terms

* peryodiko
* peryodismo

### Further reading

* “peryodista”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# Di Giulio Cesare
## Italian
### Etymology

Probably a nickname for foundlings, in honor of Giulio Cesare (“Caesar”).

### Proper noun

Di Giulio Cesare m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the nickname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# superluminal
## English
### Etymology

From super- +‎ luminal.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

superluminal (not comparable)
* (astronomy, physics, fiction, fantasy) Faster than light; having a speed greater than light.
** 1984, Edward Edelson, “Faster than light?”, in Popular Science, retrieved 20 November 2013, page 70:The first thing to understand about superluminal expansion is that it isn't visible to the unaided eye. The objects that appear to be moving faster than light are emitting radio waves, not visible light.

#### Synonyms

* FTL, superlumic, hyperlight
* supercausal (faster than the speed of causality)

#### Antonyms

* STL, subluminal, sublumic, sublight

#### Derived terms

* superluminal communication
* superluminality
* superluminally
* superluminal motion
* superluminal radio source

#### Related terms

* luminal
* subluminal

#### See also

* superluminous
* supersonic

### Further reading

* faster-than-light on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# соцреализм
## Russian
### Etymology

Acronym of социалисти́ческий реали́зм (socialistíčeskij realízm, “socialist realism”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˌsot͡srʲɪɐˈlʲizm]

### Noun

соцреали́зм • (socrealízm) m inan (genitive соцреали́зма, nominative plural соцреали́змы, genitive plural соцреали́змов)
* socialist realism
** 1999, Виктор Пелевин [Victor Pelevin], “Вавилонская марка”, in Generation «П», Вагриус; English translation from Andrew Bromfield, transl., Homo Zapiens, London: Penguin Books, 2000:Под его́ нога́ми лежа́ли пове́рженные тела́ с однообра́зно раски́нутыми рука́ми — погляде́в на них, Тата́рский отме́тил несомне́нную связь ме́жду шуме́рским иску́сством и соцреали́змом.Pod jevó nogámi ležáli povéržennyje telá s odnoobrázno raskínutymi rukámi — pogljadév na nix, Tatárskij otmétil nesomnénnuju svjazʹ méždu šumérskim iskússtvom i socrealízmom.Under his feet lay prostrate figures with their arms extended in identical gestures - looking at them, Tatarsky noted the quite definite kinship between Sumerian art and socialist realism.

#### Related terms

* социали́ст (socialíst), социалисти́ческий (socialistíčeskij), социали́зм (socialízm)
* социа́льный (sociálʹnyj)
* социализи́ровать (socializírovatʹ), социализа́ция (socializácija)
* реали́зм (realízm)
* реали́ст (realíst), реалисти́ческий (realistíčeskij)
* реа́лия (reálija)
* реа́льный (reálʹnyj), реа́льность (reálʹnostʹ)
* реализи́ровать (realizírovatʹ), реализи́роваться (realizírovatʹsja)
* реализа́ция (realizácija)
# ἰσχυρᾶς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.kʰyː.râːs/ → /is.çyˈras/ → /is.çiˈras/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /is.kʰyː.râːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /is.kʰyˈras/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /is.çyˈras/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /is.çyˈras/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /is.çiˈras/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ἰ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

ἰσχῡρᾶς • (iskhūrâs)
* feminine genitive singular of ἰσχῡρός (iskhūrós)
# ἰσχυρῶν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.kʰyː.rɔ̂ːn/ → /is.çyˈron/ → /is.çiˈron/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /is.kʰyː.rɔ̂ːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /is.kʰyˈron/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /is.çyˈron/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /is.çyˈron/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /is.çiˈron/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ἰ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

ἰσχῡρῶν • (iskhūrôn)
* masculine/feminine/neuter genitive plural of ἰσχῡρός (iskhūrós)
# ἰσχυροῖς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.kʰyː.rôi̯s/ → /is.çyˈrys/ → /is.çiˈris/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /is.kʰyː.rôi̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /is.kʰyˈrys/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /is.çyˈrys/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /is.çyˈrys/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /is.çiˈris/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ἰ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

ἰσχῡροῖς • (iskhūroîs)
* masculine/neuter dative plural of ἰσχῡρός (iskhūrós)
# ἰσχυρούς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.kʰyː.rǔːs/ → /is.çyˈrus/ → /is.çiˈrus/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /is.kʰyː.rǔːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /is.kʰyˈrus/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /is.çyˈrus/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /is.çyˈrus/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /is.çiˈrus/
Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ἰ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked. [This message shows only in preview mode.]

### Adjective

ἰσχῡρούς • (iskhūroús)
* masculine accusative plural of ἰσχῡρός (iskhūrós)
# ἰχθύσι
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ikʰ.tʰý.si/ → /ixˈθy.si/ → /ixˈθi.si/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ikʰ.tʰý.si/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ikʰˈtʰy.si/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ixˈθy.si/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ixˈθy.si/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ixˈθi.si/

### Noun

ῐ̓χθῠ́σῐ • (ĭkhthŭ́sĭ)
* dative plural of ῐ̓χθῡ́ς (ĭkhthū́s)
# ἰχθῦς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ikʰ.tʰŷːs/ → /ixˈθys/ → /ixˈθis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ikʰ.tʰŷːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ikʰˈtʰys/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ixˈθys/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ixˈθys/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ixˈθis/

### Noun

ῐ̓χθῦς • (ĭkhthûs)
* accusative plural of ῐ̓χθῡ́ς (ĭkhthū́s)
# gia
## Hiligaynon
### Noun

gia
* guide, leader, founder

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English gear.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

gia class IX (plural gia class X)
* gear

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English gear.

### Noun

gia
* gear

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jaː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jaː˧˧]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 加.

#### Verb

gia
* (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家.

#### Romanization

gia
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 家

#### Suffix

gia
* (Chinese fiction) lineage
** 2005, chapter 1, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):Dương huynh, ngươi dùng thương pháp dương gia thì ngọn đinh ba kia cũng hợp.Mr Yáng, you fight the spear in the style of the Yáng lineage, making the trident over there appropriate.

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Romanization

gia
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 嘉
** 1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)‎, published 1870, line 9:浪𢆥嘉靖朝明Rằng: Năm Gia Tĩnh triều MinhWhen the Jiajing Emperor of Ming was on the throne

### Anagrams

* gai
# humar
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse humarr; cognate with German Hummer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhʏːmar/

### Noun

humar m (genitive singular humars, nominative plural humrar)
* lobster

#### Derived terms

* humarsúpa

## Irish
### Noun

humar
* h-prothesized form of umar

## Maricopa
### Noun

humar (plural humaar)
* child

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uˈmaɾ/ [uˈmaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: hu‧mar

### Verb

humar (first-person singular present humo, first-person singular preterite humé, past participle humado)
* (rare) to smoke, steam
    Synonyms: humear, echar humo

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “humar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Volapük
### Noun

humar (nominative plural humars)
* lobster

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only
# noel
## English
### Alternative forms

* noël
* nowell
* nowel

### Etymology

From Middle English nowel, from Anglo-Norman noel, Middle French noel, a variant of nael, from Latin adjective nātālis (“natal, having to do with birth”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /nəʊˈɛl/

### Noun

noel (plural noels)
* A kind of hymn, or canticle, of mediaeval origin, sung in honor of the birth of Christ; a Christmas carol.

### Interjection

noel (plural noels)
* (archaic) A wish or expression of commemoration of Christmas.
** 1911, Hilaire Belloc, The Four Men: A Farrago‎, page 243:And may all my enemies go to hell! / Noël! Noël! Noël! Noël!

### Anagrams

* lone, Leno, leno, neol., Léon, one L, Nole, Leon, nole, Elno, elon, enol, Elon, León

## Old French
### Etymology

A variant of nael, from the Latin adjective nātālis (“natal, having to do with birth”).

### Noun

noel oblique singular, m (oblique plural noeaus or noeax or noiaus or noiax or noels, nominative singular noeaus or noeax or noiaus or noiax or noels, nominative plural noel)
* Christmas (Christmas Day)