# iro
## Translingual
### Symbol

iro
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Iroquoian languages.

## Afar
### Etymology

Cognates include Saho iró.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈro/ [ʔɪˈɾɔ]
* Hyphenation: i‧ro

### Adverb

iró
* high

### Noun

iró f (plural iroorá f)
* outside
* height, altitude

#### Declension
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “iro”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 38
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Asi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

### Noun

irò
* dog

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From older ido, from Proto-Bisayan *qiduq, from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈʔiɾoʔ/ [ˈʔi.ɾ̪oʔ]
* Hyphenation: i‧ro

### Noun

irò (Badlit spelling ᜁᜇᜓ)
* dog
    Synonym: ayam
* ablutophobic person
* despicable person
* dog meat

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:iro.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From iri (“to go”) +‎ -o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiro]
* Rhymes: -iro
* Hyphenation: ir‧o

### Noun

iro (accusative singular iron, plural iroj, accusative plural irojn)
* trip, course, run, going

## Igbo
### Etymology

(root word: ro)

### Noun

iro
* tale, folktale (Ọnịcha: irò)
* enemy, (Achala/Anam: irō), hatred (Ọnịcha: író)
* an expanse or space (central Igbo: ìro)
* outside (central Igbo: ìro)

### Further reading

* Michael J. C. Echeruo (2001) “iro”, in Igbo-English Dictionary: A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Igbo Language with an English-Igbo Index, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria: Longman Nigeria Plc, →ISBN, page 73

## Japanese
### Romanization

iro
* Rōmaji transcription of いろ

## Kari'na
### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *irô (inanimate anaphoric demonstrative pronoun); compare Apalaí yro, Trió irë, Wayana ilë, Hixkaryana àro, Waiwai ero, Ye'kwana iyö.

### Pronunciation

* (Venezuela) IPA: [ijjo]
* (West Suriname) IPA: [iːdʝo]
* (East Suriname) IPA: [iːɾo]

### Pronoun

iro
* the inanimate singular anaphoric demonstrative pronoun; this (aforementioned), this that was just spoken of

#### Derived terms

* irokon
* irompo

### References

* Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 53, 55, 277
* Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎, Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
* Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “iďo”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 179; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 173
* Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “iŕo, iŕonembo, iŕoneme”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 184; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 178
* Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “iro”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎, University of Oregon, pages 739, 940

## Maori
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulej, (compare Indonesian ulat (“caterpillar”), Malay ulat (“worm, maggot”), Fijian ulo, Chamorro ulo').

### Noun

iro (used in a reduplicated form as iroiro)
* maggot

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* ira, iru, ire

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronoun

(h)iro
* her

#### Declension
## Portuguese
### Verb

iro
* first-person singular present indicative of irar

## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiɾo/ [ˈi.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -iɾo
* Syllabification: i‧ro

### Noun

iro m (plural iros)
* (rare) a Mohawk hairstyle
    Synonyms: cresta, mohicano

## Surigaonon
### Etymology

From Proto-Bisayan *qiduq, from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: i‧do

### Noun

idô
* dog

## Welsh
### Etymology

Cognate with Cornish ura.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɪrɔ/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈiːrɔ/, /ˈɪrɔ/

### Verb

iro (first-person singular present iraf)
* to lubricate, oil
* to anoint

#### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | iraf | iri | ira | irwn | irwch | irant | irir |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | irwn | irit | irai | irem | irech | irent | irid |
| preterite | irais | iraist | irodd | irasom | irasoch | irasant | irwyd |
| pluperfect | iraswn | irasit | irasai | irasem | irasech | irasent | irasid, iresid |
| present subjunctive | irwyf | irych | iro | irom | iroch | iront | irer |
| imperative | — | ira | ired | irwn | irwch | irent | irer |
| verbal noun | iro | iro | iro | iro | iro | iro | iro |
| verbal adjectives | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy | iredig iradwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | ira i, iraf i | iri di | irith o/e/hi, iriff e/hi | irwn ni | irwch chi | iran nhw |
| conditional | irwn i, irswn i | iret ti, irset ti | irai fo/fe/hi, irsai fo/fe/hi | iren ni, irsen ni | irech chi, irsech chi | iren nhw, irsen nhw |
| preterite | irais i, ires i | iraist ti, irest ti | irodd o/e/hi | iron ni | iroch chi | iron nhw |
| imperative | — | ira | — | — | irwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “iraf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yanomamö
### Noun

iro
* howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus

### References

* Lizot, Jacques (2004) Diccionario enciclopédico de la lengua yãnomãmɨ‎ (in Spanish), Vicariato apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, →ISBN

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* ùró (CY, SEY)

### Etymology 1

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ ró (“to wrap”), probably from Proto-Yoruboid *ù-ló, compare with Igala ùló

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾó/

#### Noun

ìró
* a cloth wrapped around a woman's lower body, usually made with six yards of fabric

##### Derived terms

* oníròó (“one with a cloth wrapper”)

### Etymology 2

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ ró (“to sound”)

#### Alternative forms

* ùró (CY, SEY)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾó/

#### Noun

ìró
* sound; noise
* (by extension) distant news or information on someone or something
    Synonym: ìròyìn
* (phonetics) speech sound

##### Derived terms

* bátànì ìró (“sound pattern”)
* gbúròó
* ìró asétán-ánnápè (“glottal stop”)
* ìró ohùn (“pitch”)
* ìró àfitán-ánnápè (“glottal sound”)
* ìró àìkùnyín-ùn (“voiceless sound”)
* ìró-akùnyín-ùn (“voiced sound; sonorant”)
* ìró-àfèjì-ètèpè (“bilabial sound”)

##### Related terms

* ariwo (“noise”)
* ùfófó (“noise”) (Ekiti)

### Etymology 3

Compare with Olukumi úrò (“ape”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾò/

#### Noun

irò
* a general term for any species of great ape; gorilla, chimpanzee
    Synonyms: elégbèdè, ìnàkí

##### Related terms

* ọṣà (“chimpanzee”)
* ọ̀bọ (“monkey”)

### Etymology 4

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rò (“to think”), see èrò (“thought”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾò/

#### Noun

ìrò
* thinking; the process of thinking

##### Derived terms

* àìrò (“lack of thinking”)
* ìròkúrò (“bad thinking”)

### Etymology 5

From ì- +‎ ro

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾō/

#### Noun

ìro
* meanness, cruelty
    Synonyms: ìkà, ìwàkíwà

### Etymology 6

Compare with Igala ílo, proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *í-lo

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾō/

#### Noun

iro
* brass bell