# 仮名
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 仮 | 名 |
| かり Grade: 5 | な Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)
From Old Japanese. Compound of 仮 (kari, “borrowing; provisional thing”, cognate with verb 借る karu, “to borrow”, the Old Japanese form of modern 借りる kariru) +‎ 字 (na, “name, character”), from the way that Chinese characters were borrowed for their phonetic values to spell out the sounds of native Japanese words.
In contrast to 真名 (mana, “true name, true character”), a synonym for 漢字 (kanji), indicating Chinese characters used for the meaning instead of for their sound.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かりな [kàríná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ɾʲina̠]

#### Noun

仮(かり)名(な) • (karina)
* a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
* a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
* a temporary name, an alias

##### Synonyms

* (alias): 変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false or fictitious name

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “alias”): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 仮 | 名 |
| かり > かん Grade: 5 | な Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)
/karina/ → /kanna/
Contraction of karina above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠nːa̠]

#### Noun

仮(かん)名(な) • (kanna)
* a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
* a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 仮 | 名 |
| かり > か Grade: 5 | な Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)
/karina/ → /kanna/ → /kana/
Contraction of kanna above. The reading may appear to be jūbakoyomi, but is instead actually an irregular development of the kun'yomi.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かな [kàná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠na̠]

#### Noun

仮(か)名(な) • (kana)
* a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
* a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 86:Cana. カナ (仮名・仮字) 日本の文字の一種. Cananiyù. (仮名に言ふ) 皆の人がわかるように, やさしく話す.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* 異体仮名(いたいがな) (itaigana)
* 以呂波仮名(いろはがな) (irohagana)
* 裏仮名(うらがな) (uragana)
* 送(おく)り仮名(がな) (okurigana)
* 男仮名(おとこがな) (otokogana)
* 音仮名(おんがな) (ongana)
* 女仮名(おんながな) (onnagana)
* 訓仮名(くんがな) (kungana)
* 片仮名(かたかな) (katakana)
* 仮名遣(かなづか)い (kanazukai)
* 仮名文(かなぶみ) (kanabumi)
* 合略仮名(ごうりゃくがな) (gōryakugana)
* 上代仮名(じょうだいがな) (jōdaigana)
* 助仮名(すけがな) (sukegana)
* 捨(す)て仮名(がな) (sutegana)
* 総仮名(そうがな) (sōgana)
* 草仮名(そうがな) (sōgana)
* 付(つ)け仮名(がな) (tsukegana)
* 一(ひと)つ仮名(がな) (hitotsugana)
* 平仮名(ひらがな) (hiragana)
* 二(ふた)つ仮名(がな) (futatsugana)
* 振(ふ)り仮名(がな) (furigana)
* 変体仮名(へんたいがな) (hentaigana)
* 真仮名(まがな) (magana)
* 真名仮名(まながな) (managana)
* 豆仮名(まめがな) (mamegana)
* 万葉仮名(まんようがな) (man'yōgana)
* 三(みっ)つ仮名(がな) (mittsugana)
* 四(よ)つ仮名(がな) (yotsugana)
* 読(よ)み仮名(がな) (yomigana)

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 仮 | 名 |
| か Grade: 5 | めい Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 假名 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese [Term?] 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ$^X$ mjieng). The kan'on reading, so probably a somewhat later borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Cantonese reading gaa$^2$ meng$^{4-2}$.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かめー [kàméé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠me̞ː]

#### Noun

仮(か)名(めい) • (kamei)
* pseudonym, alias, sobriquet, pen name

##### Synonyms

* 変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false or name

##### Antonyms

* 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name
* 本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 仮 | 名 |
| け Grade: 5 | みょう Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 假名 (kyūjitai)
/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/
From Middle Chinese 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ$^X$ mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.
The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrit प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けみょー [kèmyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞mʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

仮(け)名(みょう) • (kemyō)
* a pseudonym, an alias, sobriquet, pen name
* in feudal Japan, a public name given to boys upon coming of age, after which their birth names would be kept private
* a provisional name given to someone when the real name is unknown: compare English Jane Doe, John Doe
* (Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named

##### Synonyms

* (pseudonym): 変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false name
* (public name): 呼(よ)び名(な) (yobina): calling or addressing name; 通称(つうしょう) (tsūshō): common appellation; 俗称(ぞくしょう) (zokushō): popular or everyday appellation

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “alias”): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name
* (antonym(s) of “public name”): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.