# 酪

| 酪 | U+916A, &#37226; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-916A |
| ← 酩 [U+9169] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 酫 → [U+916B] |
| 酪 | U+F919, &#63769; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F919 |
| ← 落 [U+F918] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 駱 → [U+F91A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

酪 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹水口 (MWHER), four-corner 1766$_4$, composition ⿰酉各)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39847
* Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3581, character 12
* Unihan data for U+916A
* Unihan data for U+F919

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 酪
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) + semantic 酉 (“alcohol; fermented drink”)

### Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from a Central Asian language; compare Mongolian айраг (ajrag, “fermented milk of mares”), Uzbek pishloq (“cheese”) and Turkish ayran (“yoghurt mixed with water”). The phonetic similarity between Chinese 酪 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ, “milk”), Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”) and Latin lac (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákts (“milk”) is worth noting (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lào, luò
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˋ, ㄌㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lok$^3$ / lou$^6$ / lok$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lok
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): log$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$loq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lào
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lào
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^4$
*** Yale: làu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: law
*** Palladius: лао (lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luò
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luò
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^4$
*** Yale: lwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
*** Palladius: ло (lo)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^3$ / lou$^6$ / lok$^6$
*** Yale: lok / louh / lohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^8$ / lou$^6$ / lok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^3$ / lou$^6$ / log$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚³/, /lou̯²²/, /lɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lok
*** Hakka Romanization System: log$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: log$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /lok̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: log$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /lok̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$loq
*** MiniDict: loh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$loq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/
* Middle Chinese: lak
Rime :
| Character | 酪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧各切 |
| Baxter | lak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3869 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 落 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːɡ/ |

### Definitions

酪
* junket
    奶酪 ― nǎilào ― cheese
* paste
    杏仁酪 ― xìngrénlào ― almond jelly
* (literary, obsolete) vinegar
* (literary, obsolete) wine; liquor

### Compounds

* 乳酪 (rǔlào)
* 乾酪 / 干酪 (gānlào)
* 優酪乳 / 优酪乳 (yōulàorǔ)
* 奶酪 (nǎilào)
* 牛酪 (niúlào)
* 酥酪
* 酪乳 (làorǔ)
* 酪奴
* 酪梨 (làolí)
* 酪漿 / 酪浆 (làojiāng)
* 酪素
* 酪蛋白 (làodànbái)
* 酪農 / 酪农 (làonóng)
* 酪農業 / 酪农业
* 酪酥
* 酪酸 (làosuān)
* 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
* 酸酪乳

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
* Kun: ちちざけ (chichizake)

#### Compounds

* 乾酪(かんらく) (kanraku): cheese
* 牛酪(ぎゅうらく) (gyūraku): butter
* 酪農(らくのう) (rakunō): dairy farm
* 酪酸(らくさん) (rakusan): butyric acid

## Korean
### Hanja

酪 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

酪: Hán Nôm readings: lạc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation