# 勘

| 勘 | U+52D8, &#21208; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D8 |
| ← 勗 [U+52D7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 務 → [U+52D9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

勘 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿女大尸 (TVKS), four-corner 4472$_7$, composition ⿰甚力)

#### Derived characters

* 墈, 磡, 𦤯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2393
* Dae Jaweon: page 334, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 373, character 18
* Unihan data for U+52D8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勘 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| 堪 | *kʰluːm |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| 勘 | *kʰluːms |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| 椹 | *ʔl'um |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰluːms) : semantic 力 (“strong”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) – to look at carefully, strongly.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kān (kan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^3$ / ham$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kham / khàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kān
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kan
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^1$
*** Yale: kān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^3$ / ham$^1$
*** Yale: ham / hām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^3$ / ham$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^3$ / hem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm³³/, /hɐm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
*** Tâi-lô: kham
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàm
*** Tâi-lô: khàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qaxm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰam¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: khomH
Rime :
| Character | 勘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紺切 |
| Baxter | khomH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰăm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11275 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰluːms/ |

### Definitions

勘
* to proofread; to compare
* to investigate
    勘探 ― kāntàn ― to prospect

### Compounds

* 制勘
* 勘估
* 勘合
* 勘問 / 勘问
* 勘婚
* 勘察 (kānchá)
* 勘探 (kāntàn)
* 勘查 (kānchá)
* 勘檢 / 勘检
* 勘正 (kānzhèng)
* 勘測 / 勘测 (kāncè)
* 勘破 (kānpò)
* 勘誤 / 勘误 (kānwù)
* 勘誤表 / 勘误表 (kānwùbiǎo)
* 勘驗 / 勘验
* 契勘
* 察勘
* 對勘 / 对勘
* 履勘
* 打勘
* 拷勘
* 推勘
* 探勘 (tànkān)
* 查勘 (chákān)
* 根勘
* 校勘 (jiàokān)
* 校勘學 / 校勘学 (jiàokānxué)
* 歸勘 / 归勘
* 磨勘
* 禁勘
* 踏勘 (tàkān)
* 錯勘 / 错勘
* 震波測勘 / 震波测勘
* 駁勘 / 驳勘
* 點勘 / 点勘

### References

* “勘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: かんがえる (kangaeru, 勘える)

#### Compounds

* 勘(かん)定(じょう) (kanjō): bill, check
* 勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai): misunderstanding, wrong guess

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 勘
* かん Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC khomH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かん [kàń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Noun

勘(かん) • (kan)
* perception; intuition; the sixth sense
** Fullmetal Alchemist
    君(きみ)のような勘(かん)のいいガキは嫌(きら)いだよ
       Kimi no yō na kan no ii gaki wa kirai da yo
       I hate sharp-witted brats like you.

### Affix

勘(かん) • (kan)
* consideration
* disinheritance

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC khomH).

### Hanja

勘 (eumhun 헤아릴 감 (hearil gam))
* hanja form of 감 (“consideration”)

#### Compounds

* 감안 (勘案, gaman, “consideration”)
* 감정 (勘定, gamjeong, “calculation”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.