# airde
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* áirde (superseded)
* aoirde

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈiːɾˠdʲə/ (corresponding to the spelling aoirde)
* (Galway) IPA: /ˈaiɾʲdʲə/
* (Mayo) IPA: /ˈɔɾˠdʲə/ (as if spelled oirde)
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈʌɾˠdʲə/ (as if spelled oirde)

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ardae, airde f (“height; high place”), from Proto-Celtic *ardwiyā. By surface analysis, ard (“high”) +‎ -e.

#### Noun

airde f (genitive singular airde, nominative plural airdí)
* height
* elevation
* (astronomy, geometry) altitude
* level
* (sound, music) volume, pitch

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
airde
airdí
vocative
a airde
a airdí
genitive
airde
airdí
dative
airde
airdí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an airde
na hairdí
genitive
na hairde
na n-airdí
dative
leis an airde don airde
leis na hairdí :

##### Derived terms

* airde ceolchoirme (“concert-pitch”)
* airdemhéadar
* claonairde (“slant height”)
* comh-airde
* feadóg airde
* in airde

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

airde
* inflection of ard:
** feminine genitive singular
** comparative degree

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947) The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 21, page 6
* ↑ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 406, page 123; reprinted 1988
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 83, page 45
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 18
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 23, page 10
* ↑ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 298, page 137
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 275, page 97
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ardae, airde”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “áirde”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 15
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “airde”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸareweidyom, from *ɸare- +‎ *wēd- (“to know”). Cognate to Welsh arwydd, Breton arouez.

#### Alternative forms

* arde

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈarʲðʲe]

#### Noun

airde n (genitive airdi, nominative plural airde)
* sign, token
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51$^b$10
    In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

##### Declension

Neuter io-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | airde$^N$ | airde$^L$ | airde$^L$ |
| Vocative | airde$^N$ | airde$^L$ | airde$^L$ |
| Accusative | airde$^N$ | airde$^L$ | airde$^L$ |
| Genitive | airdi$^L$ | airde$^L$ | airde$^N$ |
| Dative | airdiu$^L$ | airdib | airdib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

airde f
* Alternative form of ardae (“height”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “airde”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language