# awa
## Translingual
### Symbol

awa
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Awadhi.

## English
### Etymology

From Hawaiian ʻawa.

### Noun

awa (uncountable)
* Kava, specifically Piper methysticum.
** 1874, Charles Nordhoff, Northern California, Oregon, and the Sandwich Islands‎, New York: Harper & Brothers, page 92:The manner of preparing awa is peculiarly disgusting. The root is chewed by women, and the spit out well-chewed mouthfuls into a calabash.
** 1900, Oliver P. Emerson, “The Awa Habit of the Hawaiians”, in All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii, Combined with Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide‎, Honolulu: Honolulu Gazette Co., page 131:The awa plant is a species of pepper, the piper methysticum of the botanist, and is described as having fleshy stems from two to three feet high.
** 1911 October 26, Daniel Logan, editor, The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist‎, volume 8, Honolulu, Hawaii, page 356:The majority say that there is little awa growing wild on Government lands, the bulk of that at present in the market being obtained from cultivated patches.
* An intoxicating drink made from the kava plant, typically the root.
** 1900, Oliver P. Emerson, “The Awa Habit of the Hawaiians”, in All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii, Combined with Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide‎, Honolulu: Honolulu Gazette Co., page 134:The Hawaiian gods were supposed to be particularly addicted to the use of awa. Songs were sung in praise of the drink.
** 1910, S. M. Kanakau, “Ancient Hawaiian Religious Beliefs and Ceremonies”, in Thros. G. Thrum, editor, The Hawaiian Annual for 1911‎, Honolulu: Thros. G. Thrum, page 150:When the prayer had finished, the awa was drunk and the sacred feast then began.

## Angolar
### Etymology

From Portuguese água.

### Noun

awa
* water

### References

* Philippe Maurer, L'angolar: un créole afro-portugais parlé à São Tomé (1995, →ISBN: "awa [HH] eau (ptg. agua). awa boka bave. awa ngairu ruisseau, fleuve. awa ȏngȇ n'na ome sperme. awa rago ~ rogo eau de noix de coco. awa wȇ larme."

## Atong (India)
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /awa/

### Noun

awa (Bengali script আৱা)
* father

#### Synonyms

* baba
* wa•

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧wa

### Etymology 1

Unknown

#### Noun

awa
* a wild sea dwelling milkfish (Chanos chanos); as opposed to milkfish raised in aquaculture (see usage notes)
* the Hawaiian ladyfish (Elops hawaiensis)

##### Usage notes

* Awa, alternatively named inahan sa bangus, mainly refers to the wild milkfish while bangus refer mostly to the cultivated milkfish.

### Etymology 2

Short for tan-awa

#### Interjection

awa
* look!

## Chickasaw
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.wa/

### Conjunction

awa
* and (used only in numerical expressions such as awa chaffa)

#### Derived terms

* pokkóꞌli awa chaffa
* pokkóꞌli awa chakkáꞌli
* pokkóꞌli awa hannáꞌli
* pokkóꞌli awa ontochchóꞌna
* pokkóꞌli awa ontoklo
* pokkóꞌli awa oshta
* pokkóꞌli awa talhlháꞌpi
* pokkóꞌli awa tochchíꞌna
* pokkóꞌli awa toklo

#### Descendants

* Mobilian: awa

## Chuukese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hour.

### Noun

awa
* hour

## Guajajára
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aβa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈwa/, [aˈʷa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: a‧wa

### Noun

awa
* man

#### Derived terms

* awakwer
* awanem
* awapihun
* awate

### References

* Carl Harrison, Carole Harrison (2013) “awa”, in Dicionário Guajajára-Português‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Anápolis: SIL Brasil, page 16, column 1

## Gun
### Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *-bá or Proto-Gbe *-bɔ́, from the older Proto-Volta-Niger *ɔ́-bɔ́. Cognate with Fon awà (“arm”), Fon abǎ (“arm”), Saxwe Gbe abɔ́ (“arm”), Adja abɔ (“arm”), Adja aba (“arm”), Ayizo awa (“forearm”), Ayizo aba (“arm”), Ewe abɔ (“arm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.wà/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

awà (plural awà lɛ́ or awà lẹ́)
* wing
* arm

## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hour.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔá.wàː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ʔá.wàː]
* Hyphenation: a‧wa

### Noun

awā̀ f (plural awōyī, possessed form awàr̃)
* hour
    Synonym: sa'a

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.wa/, [ˈɐ.ʋə]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *awa (“channel, opening in a reef” – compare with Maori awa, Tahitian ava, Tongan ava and Samoan ava) from Proto-Oceanic *sawaŋ from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawaŋ (compare with Malay sawang “expanse”, Iban sawang “gap”, Tagalog sáwang “depth”).

#### Noun

awa
* channel, passage
* port, harbor, cove
    Synonyms: hono, hana

##### Related terms

* awāwa

#### References

* ↑ Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “awa”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 33
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “awa”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2008) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 2: The Physical Environment, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 116-7

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

awa
* milkfish

## Hiligaynon
### Noun

áwà
* compassion, mercy, pity

## Jamamadí
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Arawa *aga.

### Noun

awa
* (Banawá) wood

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Japanese
### Romanization

awa
* Rōmaji transcription of あわ

## Javanese
### Romanization

awa
* Romanization of ꦲꦮ

## Kavalan
### Etymology

From Japanese [Term?].

### Noun

awa
* drinkware; cup; glass

## Maori
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Polynesian *awa (“channel, opening in a reef” – compare with Tahitian ava, Samoan ava) from Proto-Oceanic *sawaŋ from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawaŋ (compare with Malay sawang “expanse”, Iban sawang “gap”, Tagalog sáwang “depth”).
Other Polynesian languages generally retain the Proto-Polynesian meaning (e.g. Samoan and Hawaiian awa); the Māori cognate gains an additional new meaning of "river" as the large rivers observed in newly explored New Zealand were perceived more similar to channels than the small streams (Proto-Polynesian *waitafe “flowing waters” corresponding to wai tahe – see also Hawaiian waikahe, Tongan vaitafe, Samoan vaitafe) known by the Māori's prior ancestors.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.wa/, [ɐ.wɐ]

### Noun

awa
* river, creek, stream
    Synonym: wai
* groove, fluting
* (archaic) channel
    Synonym: hongere
* (archaic) landing for canoes

### References

* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2008) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 2: The Physical Environment, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 116-7
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “wai-tafe”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Bruce Biggs (1994) “New Words for a New World”, in A. K. Pawley, M. D. Ross, editors, Austronesian Terminologies: Continuity and Change (Pacific Linguistics Series C; 127), Australian National University, →DOI, page 25

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “awa”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 28
* “awa” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Marshallese
### Etymology

From English hour, from Middle English houre, hour, oure, from Anglo-Norman houre, from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ɑwɑ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /ɰæwæɰ/
* Bender phonemes: {hawah}

### Noun

awa (construct form awaan)
* (alienable) an hour
* (alienable) a clock
* (alienable) time

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Media Lengua
### Noun

awa
* water

### References

* Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction (1995, →ISBN

## Nheengatu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈawa/
* Rhymes: -awa
* Hyphenation: a‧wa
* Homophone: -awa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Tupi aba.

#### Noun

awa (IIf class pluriform, plural awa-itá, absolute awa, R1 rawa, R2 sawa)
* contour feather; plumage
    Coordinate term: pepú (“flight feather”)
* (loosely) any feather
* fur
* body hair
* (rare) headhair

##### Derived terms

* esá-pirera-rawa
* esá-rawa
* pirandira-wakará-rawa

#### Verb

awa (2nd class)
* to be feathery
* to be hairy

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Tupi 'aba.

#### Noun

awa (plural awa-itá)
* headhair

##### Derived terms

* awaíma

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Tupi oba.

#### Noun

awa (IIf class pluriform, plural awa-itá, absolute awa, R1 rawa, R2 sawa)
* leaf

##### Derived terms

* uka-rawa
* wasaí-rawa

### References

* 1 2 3 Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “awa”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, pages 280–281

## Nigerian Pidgin
### Etymology

From English our.

### Adjective

awá
* our

## Old English
### Adverb

āwa
* always, ever, forever

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Univerbation of a +‎ wa. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /a(ː)va/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ava/, /ɒva/

### Particle

awa
* (attested in Lesser Poland) here!
** c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎, Miechów, page dv 4:Aua tih slov [wykład z języ]ka lacinskego v polsky iesc taky[Awa tych słow [wykład z języ]ka łacińskiego w polski jeść taki]

#### Descendants

* Middle Polish: awa

### References

* ↑ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “awa”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 73
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “awa”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese água and Spanish agua and Kabuverdianu agu.
The Portuguese word comes from Latin aqua, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂.

### Noun

awa
* water

### References

* Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction (1995, →ISBN

## Plains Cree
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈwa/

### Pronoun

awa anim sg (animate plural ôki, inanimate singular ôma, inanimate plural ôhi, Syllabics ᐊᐊᐧ)
* (preceding a noun) this
    nipâw awa atim ― this dog is sleeping
* (following a noun) this is
    atim awa ― this is a dog

#### Related terms

* ana (“that”)
* nâha (“that (over there)”)

#### References

* awa in Plains Cree Online Dictionary

## Pohnpeian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hour, from Middle English houre, oure, from Anglo-Norman houre, from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐwɐ/

### Noun

awa
* hour

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish awa. By surface analysis, univerbation of a +‎ wa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.va/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈa.va/, /ˈɒ.va/
* Rhymes: -ava
* Syllabification: a‧wa

### Particle

awa
* (Middle Polish) expresses uncertainty; maybe, perhaps [16th c]
* (Middle Polish) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question [17th–18th c.]

### References

* ↑ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “awa”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 73
* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “awa”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “awa”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* ↑ Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “awa”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English awey, from Old English onweġ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈwɑː/

### Adverb

awa (not comparable)
* away

### Adjective

awa (comparative mair awa, superlative maist awa)
* absent, gone, distant

## Spanish
### Noun

awa f (plural awas)
* Eye dialect spelling of agua (“water”).

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* aua — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Etymology

Said to be from Sanskrit आवह् (āvah, “favor”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔawaʔ/ [ˈʔaː.wɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -awaʔ
* Syllabification: a‧wa

### Noun

awà (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜏ)
* compassion; mercy; pity
    Synonyms: habag, pagkahabag, hambal, lunos

#### Derived terms

* awang-awa
* ipagmakaawa
* kaawa-awa
* kaawaan
* kawanggawa
* kawawa
* kung may awa ang Diyos
* maawa
* maawain
* magmakaawa
* mapagkawanggawa
* naaawa
* nakaaawa
* nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa
* pagkaawa
* pagkakawanggawa
* pagkamaawain
* pagmamakaawa
* pasang-awa
* sa awa ng Diyos
* walang-awa

#### Related terms

* Madlang-awa

### References

* ↑ Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎ (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 18

### Further reading

* “awa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier

## Ternate
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.wa]

#### Noun

awa
* rainbow

### Etymology 2

Possibly the same as the previous etymology, as a semantic extension.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.wa]

#### Noun

awa
* sign, mark

#### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Yami
### Noun

awa
* sea

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [awa]

### Noun

awa (possessed awadü or ewadü)
* (Brazil) Alternative form of öwa (“cemetery”)

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* ìn-a (Ekiti)

### Etymology

Cognate with Igala àwa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.wā/

### Pronoun

àwa
* we (emphatic first-person plural personal pronoun)

#### See also

| | singular | plural or honorific |
| 1st person | mo | a |
| 2nd person | o | ẹ |
| 3rd person | ó | wọ́n |
| | singular | plural or honorific |
| 1st person | mi / n | a |
| 2nd person | o | ẹ |
| 3rd person | [pronoun dropped] | wọn |
| | singular | plural or honorific |
| 1st person | mi | wa |
| 2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
| 3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
| | singular | plural or honorific |
| 1st person | èmi | àwa |
| 2nd person | ìwọ | ẹ̀yin |
| 3rd person | òun | àwọn |
| Number | Person | Affirmative Subject Pronoun | Negative Subject Pronoun | Emphatic Pronoun | Possessive Pronoun | Object Pronoun | Possessive Determiner | Reflexive Pronoun |
| Singular | First | mo | mí | èmi | tèmi | mi | mi | ara mi |
| Singular | Second | wo | wé | ùwọ | tiẹ | ẹ | ẹ | ara ẹ |
| Singular | Third | ó, é | [pronoun dropped] | òwun, òun | tiẹ̀ | ẹ̀ | ẹ̀ | ara ẹ̀ |
| Plural and Honorific | First | a | á | àwa | tẹni | ẹni | ẹni | ara ẹni |
| Plural and Honorific | Second | wẹn | wẹ́n | ẹ̀wẹn | tiwẹn | wẹn | wẹn | ara wẹn |
| Plural and Honorific | Third | wọ́n | wọ́n | ọ̀wọn | tiwọn | wọn | wọn | ara wọn |

## Zazaki
### Noun

awa
* accusative singular of aw