# pender
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pender (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin pendēre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [penˈdeɾ]

### Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendín, past participle pendido) pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendim or pendi, past participle pendido, reintegrationist norm)
* to hang, dangle
    Synonyms: colgar, pendurar
** 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:Tallaras o polmo daredor et tirallo as todo de rreiz, et el tirado, fende a danadura da parte hu mais pender por se non retẽer o uinino nen outra cousa de podreen na chagaYou'll cut the swelling all around and you'll remove all of it from its root, and then you'll cleave the injury in the part that hangs the more, for it not to retain the venom nor other rotten thing in the open wound

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* depender
* pendello
* pendente
* pendurar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “pender”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “pender”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pender”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pender, from Latin pendēre, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /pẽˈde(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pẽˈde(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pẽˈdeɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pẽˈdeɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pẽˈde.ɾi/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -eʁ, (Portugal) -eɾ
* Hyphenation: pen‧der

### Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendi, past participle pendido)
* (transitive, intransitive) to hang or be suspended (from)
* (transitive, intransitive) to put or be inclined or drooping
* (transitive) to have a vocation, propensity (for)
* (transitive) to be subject to; depend on
* (transitive) to be favorable (to); lean (towards)
* (transitive) to be imminent (about)
* (transitive) to be willing
* (transitive) to wilt and sag
* (intransitive) to be about to fall
* (intransitive) to be resolved
* (intransitive) to be threatened with ruin
* (intransitive) to fall inert, hang

#### Synonyms

* curvar
* decair
* depender
* dependurar
* inclinar
* pendurar
* propender
* suspender
* tender

#### Antonyms

* autonomizar
* endireitar
* erguer
* independentizar
* levantar

#### Related terms

* pesar
* apender
* fender
* pendor
* pendre
* perder
* prender
* render
* tender
* vender

#### See also

* favorável
* murcho

### Anagrams

* pendre

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish pender, from Latin pendēre, pendeō, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”). That it was inherited is shown by medieval diphthongized conjugations such as piende or the past participle pendudo. Subsequently it became an increasingly rare and archaic term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /penˈdeɾ/ [pẽn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: pen‧der

### Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendí, past participle pendido)
* to hang, dangle
    Synonyms: colgar, tender
** 1958, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, La pata de la Raposa:Mientras todo va bien, no sabemos de Jo que somos capaces. Ha sido menester que pendieras una pata para ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to be pending, to be undecided

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* pendencia
* pendiente

#### Related terms

* depender
* pendenciero
* pender de un hilo
* pesar

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “pender”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 476

### Further reading

* “pender”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10