# 械

| 械 | U+68B0, &#26800; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68B0 |
| ← 梯 [U+68AF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 梱 → [U+68B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

械 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木戈廿 (DIT), four-corner 4395$_0$, composition ⿰木戒)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14882
* Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 6
* Unihan data for U+68B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 祴 | *kɯː |
| 駴 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 戒 | *krɯːɡs |
| 誡 | *krɯːɡs |
| 悈 | *krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ |
| 械 | *ɡrɯːɡs |
| 裓 | *kɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯːɡs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs). The character originally represented the meaning of "handcuffs" or "shackles," and by extension, it came to be used to mean "device" or "mechanism."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiè (xie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haai$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hái
    (Hailu, HRS): hai$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai$^4$ / hai$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hāi / hâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siè
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$
*** Yale: syè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haai$^6$
*** Yale: haaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hái
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hai̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hai²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hâi
*** Sinological IPA : /hɑi²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai⁴²/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi / hâi
*** Tâi-lô: hāi / hâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hai, haai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hai²²/, /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/, /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai²²/, /hai¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hai³³/, /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³/, /hai²³/
* hāi - literary;
* hâi - vernacular (俗).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit械 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɛ⁵¹/ /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiə¹³/ /t͡sɛ¹³/ /kɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕiai¹³/ /kai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕie²¹³/ 新 /kai²¹³/ 老 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦie²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦie̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦa²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ka³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ka⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kai⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hai⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hai²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hai²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hai²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑi²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xai⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hai³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kai³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: heajH
Rime :
| Character | 械 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡介切 |
| Baxter | heajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-k]ˤrək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 械 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m-k]ˁrək-s/ |
| English | fetters; weapon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 械 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6547 |
| Phonetic component | 戒 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 械 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯːɡs/ |

### Definitions

械
* weapons
* implements; instruments

### Compounds

* 兵械
* 刀杖器械
* 刀械
* 器械 (qìxiè)
* 器械體操 / 器械体操
* 械彈 / 械弹
* 械用
* 械繫 / 械系
* 械鬥 / 械斗 (xièdòu)
* 棄械 / 弃械 (qìxiè)
* 槍械 / 枪械 (qiāngxiè)
* 機械 / 机械 (jīxiè)
* 機械化 / 机械化 (jīxièhuà)
* 機械工業 / 机械工业
* 機械手 / 机械手
* 機械效率 / 机械效率
* 機械油 / 机械油
* 機械能 / 机械能 (jīxiènéng)
* 機械論 / 机械论 (jīxièlùn)
* 簡單機械 / 简单机械 (jiǎndān jīxiè)
* 繳械 / 缴械 (jiǎoxiè)
* 藥械 / 药械
* 警械
* 軍械 / 军械 (jūnxiè)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* contraption

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: かせ (kase, 械)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 械
* かい Grade: 4
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 械 (MC heajH).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Affix

械(かい) • (kai)
* machine; instrument
* contraption; fetter

### Noun

械(かい) • (kai)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Korean
### Hanja

械 (eumhun 형틀 계 (hyeongteul gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“weapons, instruments”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

械: Hán Nôm readings: giới
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.