# basal
## English
### Etymology

From base +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: [ˈbeɪsəɫ]
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, also) IPA: [ˈbeɪzəɫ]
* Rhymes: -eɪsəl, -eɪzəl

### Adjective

basal (comparative more basal, superlative most basal)
* Basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin.
    This is the basal idea.
    The organism needs more energy on basal maintenance.
    A basal reader is a kind of book that is used to teach reading.
* (anatomy) Associated with the base of an organism or structure.
    In the spring, basal leaves emerge from a stout taproot.
* (medicine) Of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.
    a basal diet
* (chiefly systematics) In a phylogenetic tree, being a group, or member of a group, which diverged earlier. The earliest clade to branch in a larger clade.
    Hittite is a basal Indo-European language.
    A magnolia is a basal angiosperm.

#### Synonyms

* basilar

#### Derived terms

* adbasal
* anterobasal
* apicobasal
* basal amniote
* basal body
* basal bristle
* basal cell
* basal cell carcinoma
* basal dicot
* basal ganglion
* basality
* basal lamina
* basal layer
* basally
* basal medium
* basal metabolic rate
* basal metabolism
* basalmost
* basaloid
* basal reader
* basal tomentum
* basal tubercle
* bibasal
* condylobasal
* corticobasal
* dibasal
* dorsobasal
* hypobasal
* inferobasal
* laterobasal
* mediobasal
* mesiobasal
* mesobasal
* midbasal
* nasobasal
* neurobasal
* nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome
* nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
* nonbasal
* palatobasal
* parabasal
* peribasal
* polybasal
* posterobasal
* prebasal
* probasal
* proximobasal
* subbasal
* suprabasal
* temporobasal
* transbasal
* tribasal
* unibasal
* ventrobasal

#### Translations
### Noun

basal (plural basals)
* base, bottom, minimum
* (anatomy) Any basal structure or part

### Anagrams

* Labas, balsa, balas, Baals, laabs, blaas, albas, baals, Baʿals, sabal, Ba'als, LABAs

## Afar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbasal/ [ˈbʌsʌl]
* Hyphenation: ba‧sal

### Noun

básal m (singulative basáltu m)
* (collective) onions

#### Declension
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “basal”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

basal (feminine basale, masculine plural basaux, feminine plural basales)
* basal

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: bazal
* → Turkish: bazal

### Further reading

* “basal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

basal (strong nominative masculine singular basaler, comparative basaler, superlative am basalsten)
* basal

#### Declension
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbasal]
* Hyphenation: ba‧sal

### Etymology 1

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

#### Noun

basal (uncountable)
* (geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.

##### Alternative forms

* basalt (Standard Malay)

### Etymology 2

From Malay basal (“dropsy”), from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal, “onion, bulb”).

#### Noun

basal (uncountable)
* dropsy, edema
    Synonym: edema

### Etymology 3

From Dutch basaal, from English basal.

#### Adjective

basal
* basal:
** basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin.
    Synonym: dasar
** (anatomy, histology) associated with the base of an organism or structure.
** (medicine) of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.

### Further reading

* “basal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic بَصَل (baṣal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.sal/
* Rhymes: -asal

### Noun

basal m (collective, singulative basla, paucal basliet)
* onion (as a mass or species); several onions
** 2018, “Tasal li tiekol burger bid-dud?”, in Television Malta (TVM)‎:Biex il-burger ikun komplut jisserva bil-ħass, basal u tadam u diġà kien suċċess fl-Olanda u l-Belġju.For the burger to be complete it is served with lettuce, onions and tomatoes; it has already been a success in the Netherlands and Belgium.
* bulbs

#### Derived terms

* basli (bulbous)
* bassal (to peel onions)

## Maranao
### Verb

basal
* to beat, to knock

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /baˈzaw/ [baˈzaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /bɐˈzal/ [bɐˈzaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /bɐˈzal/ [bɐˈzaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /bɐˈza.li/
* Rhymes: -al, -aw
* Hyphenation: ba‧sal

### Adjective

basal m or f (plural basais, not comparable)
* basal

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baˈsal/ [baˈsal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ba‧sal

### Adjective

basal m or f (masculine and feminine plural basales)
* basal

#### Derived terms

* basalmente
* cuerpo basal
* ganglio basal
* membrana basal

#### Related terms

* base

### Further reading

* “basal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بصل (basal), from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal, “onion”).

### Noun

basal (definite accusative basali, plural basaller)
* onion (Allium cepa)
    Synonym: soğan
* (botany) bulbous root

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “basal1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 474