# 菩

| 菩 | U+83E9, &#33769; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83E9 |
| ← 菨 [U+83E8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菪 → [U+83EA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菩 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜廿口 (TYTR), four-corner 4460$_1$, composition ⿱艹咅)

#### Derived characters

* 𬈸, 𠟌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1038, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31205
* Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3238, character 9
* Unihan data for U+83E9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蓓 | *bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ |
| 倍 | *bɯːʔ |
| 菩 | *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ |
| 掊 | *bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ |
| 剖 | *pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ |
| 婄 | *pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː |
| 踣 | *pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ |
| 箁 | *bɯ |
| 咅 | *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs |
| 部 | *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ |
| 培 | *boːʔ, *bɯː |
| 犃 | *boːʔ |
| 瓿 | *boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo |
| 殕 | *pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ |
| 醅 | *pʰɯ, *pʰɯː |
| 棓 | *bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː |
| 涪 | *bɯ |
| 賠 | *bɯː |
| 陪 | *bɯː |
| 毰 | *bɯː |
| 焙 | *bɯːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèi (bei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$
*** Yale: bèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
*** Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: bojX, bjuwX, bok
Rime :
| Character | 菩 | 菩 | 菩 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 尤 (136) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | I |
| Fanqie | 薄亥切 | 房久切 | 蒲北切 |
| Baxter | bojX | bjuwX | bok |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bʌi$^X$/ | /bɨu$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bəi$^X$/ | /biu$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɒi$^X$/ | /biəu$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəj$^X$/ | /buw$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /bᴀi$^X$/ | /biu$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bɒi$^X$/ | /bĭəu$^X$/ | /bək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑ̆i$^X$/ | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /bʱək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bài | fòu | bó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | boi$^6$ | fau$^6$ | bak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːʔ/, /*bɯʔ/, /*bɯːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菩 | 菩 | 菩 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 9838 | 9859 | 9875 |
| Phonetic component | 咅 | 咅 | 咅 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倍 | 婦 | 菔 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːʔ/ | /*bɯʔ/ | /*bɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

菩
* a kind of herb

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bó (bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

#### Definitions

菩
* Only used in 麻菩楊／麻菩杨.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pú (pu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pou$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phù
    (Hailu, HRS): pu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pu$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pou$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pu$^5$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pú
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pú
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^2$
*** Yale: pú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pou$^4$
*** Yale: pòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰou̯²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bù
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
*** Tâi-lô: phôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu¹³/
* Middle Chinese: bu
Rime :
| Character | 菩 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄胡切 |
| Baxter | bu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /bo/ |
| Wang Li | /bu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菩 |
| Reading # | 3/4 |
| No. | 9861 |
| Phonetic component | 咅 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酺 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯː/ |
| Notes | 中古梵譯bo |

#### Definitions

菩
* Used in 菩提 (pútí).
* Used in 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà).

### References

* “菩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* a kind of grass
* sacred tree

#### Readings

* Go-on: ばい (bai)、ぶ (bu)、ぼく (boku)
* Kan-on: はい (hai)、ふう (fū)、ほ (ho)、ほく (hoku)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo)
* Kun: ほとけぐさ (hotokegusa, 菩)

#### Compounds

* 菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (bosatsu)
* 菩(ぼ)提(だい) (bodai)
* 菩多尼訶(ボタニカ)経(きょう) (Botanika-kyō)
* 三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (sanbodai), 三藐(さんみゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (sanmyaku sanbodai)
* 須(しゅ)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (Shubodai)

## Korean
### Hanja

菩 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菩 (MC bu).

### Phonogram

菩 (po$_1$)
* Denotes phonographic syllable po$_1$.

### Further reading

* Miyake (2003) p. 254

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菩: Hán Nôm readings: bồ, mồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.