OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# calid
## English
### Etymology

From Latin calidus (“hot”), from caleō (“I am warm or hot; glow”) +‎ -idus, from Proto-Italic *kalēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-. Cognate with Italian calido (“hot”), French chaud (“warm, hot”), Portuguese cálido (“warm”), and Spanish cálido (“warm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.lɪd/
* Rhymes: -ɪd

### Adjective

calid (comparative more calid, superlative most calid)
* (literary, rare) Warm, hot.
** 1874, Roswell Rice, “Descant on Time and Immortality”, in An Oration on Messiah's Kingdom and Descant on Time and Immortality: With a Variety of Poetry on Moral and Religious Subjects, Albany, N.Y.: Munsell, page 451:As the flaming / Pit of damnation deep expands its jaws / Of liquid fire! throwing its curly waves / Of calid flames, and smoke of sulph'rous fumes, / O'er the deep gulf of woe! I hear the lost / Spirit shriek, but shriek in vain!
** 1919, Carlos A. Tornquist, The Economic Development of the Argentine Republic in the Last Fifty Years, Buenos Aires: Ernesto Tornquist Co., Limited, page XVII:Few States possess a territorial patrimony like that of Argentina, with all the climatic and all the physical conditions required to meet the necessities of a civilized people. Within its frontiers every climate is met with, from the most calid to the coldest.
** 1982 September 12, “Archipelago Consists Of Over 1,600 Islands”, in The Japan Times, number 30054, Tokyo: The Japan Times, Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:The great abundance of limestone, and the conditions of a wet and calid weather, have determined a wide distribution of carsic manifestations (caves, rounded-summit hills, hills, lapies, etc.)
** 1993, Joe Donnelly, Still Life, London […]: Century, →ISBN, page 419:He walked through to Caitlin's bedroom. As soon as he opened the door, he smelled her light perfume and the calid closeness of a room where a woman had slept the night.
** 2001, Jacqueline Heath Hume, The House of Nevisanus, Seattle, W.A.: Hara Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 118:A calid sun, just risen, cast a fiery glow over the House of Nevisanus.
** 2008, Tom Mathews, “Not with a Bang”, in Keats and Chapman, Dublin: New Island Books, →ISBN, page 103:Eliot, happening by to find out what progress they were making, enquired with characteristic politeness whether their conversation was of a private nature or whether, if it were general, he might be accorded the pleasure of joining in. 'Certainly you may,' said Keats civilly, 'we're just shooting the bries.' Eliot whimpered dimly in the calid afternoon.

#### Related terms

* calidarium
* calidity

### References

* “calid”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “calid”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* “calid, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Anagrams

* -cidal, Lacid, alcid, cladi
# працювати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Polish pracować. By surface analysis, пра́ця (prácja) +‎ -юва́ти (-juváty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɐt͡sʲʊˈʋate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

працюва́ти • (pracjuváty) impf (perfective попрацюва́ти)
* (intransitive) to work (physically or mentally)
* (intransitive) to have a job
* (intransitive) to function (about machines, mechanisms)
* (intransitive) to be open or practicing (about businesses, public accommodations, etc.)
* (transitive, dated) to manufacture, to produce, to make

#### Derived terms

* опрацьо́вувати impf (opracʹóvuvaty), опрацюва́ти pf (opracjuváty)

### References

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “працювати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “працювати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “працювати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “працювати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# vinify
## English
### Etymology

From Latin vinis (“wine”) + -ify (“to make into”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɪnɪfaɪ/

### Verb

vinify (third-person singular simple present vinifies, present participle vinifying, simple past and past participle vinified)
* To convert fruit juice—particularly grape juice—into wine by fermentation.

#### Derived terms

* vinification

#### Related terms

* viniculture
# tawan
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

From tao +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ta‧wan
* IPA: /taʔˈwan/ [taʔˈwan̪]

### Verb

tàwan
* to give

#### See also

* itao
* magtao

## Central Dusun
### Etymology

Compare Malay awan (“cloud”).

### Noun

tawan
* sky

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taban (“booty, war captive”), from Proto-Austronesian *tabaN (“head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtawan/
* Hyphenation: ta‧wan
* Rhymes: -wan, -an, -n

### Verb

tawan (base-imperative tawan, active menawan, ordinary passive ditawan, adversative passive tertawan)
* to catch, to capture

#### Derived terms

* menawan
* penawan
* penawanan
* tawanan
* tertawan

### Verb

tawan
* to sob

#### Derived terms

* bertawan-tawan

### Further reading

* “tawan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taban (“booty, war captive”), from Proto-Austronesian *tabaN (“head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tawan/
* Rhymes: -awan, -wan, -an

### Verb

tawan (Jawi spelling تاون)
* to captivate, to capture, to conquer

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* penawan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* penawanan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* tawanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* menawan [agent focus] (meN-)
* ditawan [patient focus] (di-)
* tertawan [agentless action] (teR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tawan

### Further reading

* “tawan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰɑːˈwɑːn/
* Hyphenation: ta‧wan

### Etymology 1

Compare Persian تاوان (tâvân, “punishment, penalty”).

#### Noun

t’awan f (Arabic spelling تاوان)
* guilt
    Synonyms: gune, sûc
* crime
    Synonym: sûc
* sin
    Synonym: gune

##### Derived terms

* tawanbar

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

t’awan f (Arabic spelling تاوان)
* Alternative form of tawe (“pan, saucepan”)

##### Declension
### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “t’awan I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 318
* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “t’awan II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 318
# месник
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic мьстьникъ (mĭstĭnikŭ, “avenger”), from Proto-Slavic *mьstьnikъ (“avenger”). By surface analysis, (obsolete) месть (mestʹ, “vengeance”) +‎ -ник (-nyk) or from (rare) ме́сний (mésnyj, “vengeful”) +‎ -ик (-yk). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic мьстьникъ (mĭstĭnikŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛsnek]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ме́сник • (mésnyk) m pers (genitive ме́сника, nominative plural ме́сники, genitive plural ме́сників, feminine ме́сниця, relational adjective ме́сницький)
* avenger
    Synonyms: по́мстник (pómstnyk), помсти́тель (pomstýtelʹ)

#### Related terms

* мзда f (mzda)
* мимо (mymo)
* мі́на f (mína)
* міни́ти impf (minýty)
* мста f (msta)
* мсти́ти impf (mstýty)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “месник”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “месник”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “месник”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “месник”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “месник”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “месник”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “месник”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ
## Manipuri
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kumːɐj]

### Etymology 1

ꯀꯨꯝ (koom) +‎ ꯃꯩ (mei).

#### Noun

ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ (koommei)
* festival, amusement

##### Derived terms

* ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ ꯐꯤꯌꯣꯡ (koommei pheeyong)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ (koommei)
* the latter part of a year

### References

* Sharma, H[anjabam] Surmangol (2006) “ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ”, in Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary, Imphal: Sangam Book Store.
# saltcat
## English
### Alternative forms

* salt-cat
* salt cat

### Etymology

From salt +‎ cat?

### Noun

saltcat (usually uncountable, plural saltcats)
* A type of feed attractive to pigeons, consisting of a mixture of salt, coarse meal, lime, etc.

### Anagrams

* cat-salt
# Dulong Bayan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Literally, “border town”.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˌduloŋ ˈbajan/ [ˌd̪uː.lom ˈbaː.jɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -ajan
* Syllabification: Du‧long Ba‧yan

### Proper noun

Dulong Bayan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ ᜊᜌᜈ᜔)
* several barangays in Tagalog-speaking areas of the Philippines
** A barangay of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines
** A barangay of General Trias, Cavite, Philippines
** A barangay of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

#### Related terms

* Bagumbayan
* Bayan-bayanan
* Bayanan
* Lumang Bayan
# fene
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From the Hungarian verb fen (“to hone, sharpen”) +‎ -e (obsolete present-participle suffix). For the suffix, compare fürge, lenge. Originally, it was used as an adjective for infuriated, ready-to-attack wild animals (e.g. fene farkas (“enraged wolf”)), later it became a noun with the same sense which is now obsolete.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛnɛ]
* Hyphenation: fe‧ne
* Rhymes: -nɛ

### Adjective

fene (not comparable)
* (archaic) enraged
    Synonyms: ádáz, szilaj, dühödt
* (mildly vulgar or colloquial) damned, damn, darn
    Synonyms: nyavalyás, átkozott

#### Derived terms

* fenemód
* feneség
* fenegyerek
* fenevad

### Noun

fene (usually uncountable, plural fenék)
* (mildly vulgar or colloquial) damn, hell
    A fene egye meg! ― Damn it.
    Mi a fene ez? ― What the hell is this?
* (archaic) ulcer, canker, gangrene, sore

#### Derived terms

* csontfene
* farkasfene
* feneette
* lépfene
* mifene
* nafene, nofene
* rákfene
* (a) fene egye meg!

### Adverb

fene (not comparable)
* (mildly vulgar or colloquial, as an intensifier) damn(ed), bloody, helluva
    Synonyms: átkozottul, rohadtul, szörnyen, borzasztóan, veszettül
    Fene nagy hideg volt. ― It was damn cold.

### References

* ↑ fene in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* fene in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish féin (“self”).

### Adjective

fene
* Obsolete form of hene.

## Portuguese
### Verb

fene
* inflection of fenar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# pté
## Dakota
### Noun

pté
* buffalo
* buffalo cow

#### Derived terms

* ptehé
* ptehį́šma
* pteská
* ptetháwote
* ptewóyakena
* pteʾóyakena

## Lakota
### Noun

pté
* buffalo, bison
* buffalo cow
* cattle

#### Derived terms

* ptéȟčaka
* ptehá
* ptéhíŋčala
* ptegléška
* ptetháwote
* pteʾónase
# tpj
## Egyptian
### Etymology

tp (“atop”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”).

### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /taˈpij/ → /taˈpij/ → /təˈpej/ → /təˈpej/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /taˈpij/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /taˈpij/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /təˈpej/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /təˈpej/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /tɛpi/
** Conventional anglicization: tepi

### Adjective

* being on top of, standing atop
* (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian) first
    Synonym: (Late Egyptian) ḥꜣtj
* chief, head, main
* best

#### Alternative forms

| tp | tp | tp |

#### Derived terms

* ḥm-nṯr-tpj
* zp tpj
* tpj-ḏw.f
* tp-rnpt
* tpt

#### Descendants

* Old Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁⲓ- (tbai-)

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 103, 107.
* Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 80, 128
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36
# plumahe
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish plumaje. Doublet of pulumasi.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /pluˈmahe/ [plʊˈmaː.hɛ]
* Rhymes: -ahe
* Syllabification: plu‧ma‧he

### Noun

plumahe (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜑᜒ)
* plumage

#### Related terms

* pluma
* pluma-de-biyahe

### Further reading

* “plumahe”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# makina
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish máquina, from Latin machina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ma‧ki‧na
* IPA: /ˈmakina/ [ˈma.kɪ.n̪ɐ]

### Noun

mákina
* machine
* (automotive) engine
* sewing machine

## Finnish
### Noun

makina
* essive singular of maki

### Anagrams

* kaiman, maikan, nikama

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish máquina, from Latin machina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmakina/ [ˌmaː.xɪˈn̪a]
* Rhymes: -akina
* Syllabification: ma‧ki‧na

### Noun

mákiná (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜈ)
* machine
* sewing machine
* engine
    Synonym: motor

#### Derived terms

* yaring makina

#### Related terms

* makinarya
* makinasyon
* makinilya
* makinista

#### Descendants

* → Hokkien: 馬擎仔 / 马擎仔 (má-kìn-á), 馬擎 / 马擎 (má-kìn)

### Further reading

* “makina”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* kaiman, manika, makain

## Tausug
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish máquina.

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /makina/ [ma.k̟ɪˈn̪a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ma‧ki‧na

### Noun

makina (Sulat Sūg spelling مَكِنَ) (Philippines)
* machine; engine; motor
    Synonyms: injin, misin

## Turkish
### Noun

makina (definite accusative makinayı, plural makinalar)
* Alternative spelling of makine.
# rozumový
## Slovak
### Etymology

From rozum +‎ -ový.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɔzumɔviː]

### Adjective

rozumový (not comparable, adverb rozumovo or rozumove)
* (relational) reason

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “rozumový”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# piãkny
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěknъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjãk.ni/
* Rhymes: -ãkni
* Syllabification: piãk‧ny

### Adjective

piãkny (comparative piãkniészi, superlative nôpiãkniészi, derived adverb piãkno or piãknie)
* beautiful

#### Derived terms

* piãknosc
* piãknota
* piãkniec impf

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “pjąkny”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 135
* Sychta, Bernard (1970) “ṕąkni”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 4 (P – Ř), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 243
* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “piękny”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “piękny”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “piãkny”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# azer
## Ladino
### Etymology

From Old Spanish fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈzeɾ/, [aˈzɛɾ]

### Verb

azer (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אזיר)
* to do, make
    Synonym: (Thessaloniki dialect) fazer
** 2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom‎:Me demando: de ke no azesh este konserto en Estanbol. Es mas kolay de ir i vinir.She asked me: why don't you do this concert in Istanbul. It's easier to go and come.

#### Derived terms

* azerse

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aˈzer]

### Adjective

azer m or n (feminine singular azeră, masculine plural azeri, feminine and neuter plural azere)
* Azeri

#### Declension
### Noun

azer m (plural azeri, feminine equivalent azeră)
* Azeri man

#### Related terms

* limba azeră
* Azerbaidjan, Republica Azerbaidjan

## Swedish
### Noun

azer c
* Azeri; a person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.
    Synonym: azerbajdzjan

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | azer | azers |
| singular | definite | azeren | azerens |
| plural | indefinite | azerer | azerers |
| plural | definite | azererna | azerernas |

#### Related terms

* Azerbajdzjan
* azerbajdzjanska
* azeri
* azeriska
# félbeszakít
## Hungarian
### Etymology

félbe- +‎ szakít

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfeːlbɛsɒkiːt]
* Hyphenation: fél‧be‧sza‧kít
* Rhymes: -iːt

### Verb

félbeszakít
* (transitive) to interrupt someone, to break in (on a conversation), to break off

#### Derived terms

* félbeszakítás
* félbeszakítható
* félbeszakíttat

### Further reading

* félbeszakít in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# ᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ
## Manchu
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [i.t͡ʃʰəm.pi]

### Verb

ᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ • (icembi)
* to dye

#### Derived terms

* ᡳᠴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (icebumbi)
* ᡳᠴᡝᡴᡠ (iceku)
# Naas
## English
### Etymology

From Irish An Nás.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neɪs/
* Rhymes: -eɪs

### Proper noun

Naas
* A town in County Kildare, in eastern Ireland.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* N.A.S.A., Sana, Ṣan‘ā’, Saan, ANAs, Nasa, anas, San'a', AANs, ansa, NASA

## Afrikaans
### Proper noun

Naas
* a male given name: diminutive of Ignatius

## German
### Proper noun

Naas n (proper noun, genitive Naas' or (with an article) Naas)
* A municipality of Styria, Austria

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Central Franconian Nas, from Middle High German nase, from Old High German nasa, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s. Cognate with German Nase.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔːs/

### Noun

Naas f (plural Naase, diminutive Neesje)
* nose

#### Derived terms

* Naashorn
* Naasloch

### Further reading

* Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Naas”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 115

## Limburgish
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch nase, from Old Dutch *nasa, from Proto-West Germanic *nasu, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naːs/
* Rhymes: -aːs

### Noun

Naas f (plural Naase, diminutive Nässke) (Eupen)
* nose
* snout

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Middle High German nase, from Old High German nasa, from Proto-West Germanic *nasu. Cognate with German Nase.

### Noun

Naas f (plural Nees)
* nose
# θρύον
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* θρῠ́σῐος (thrŭ́sĭos), θρῠ́σῐς (thrŭ́sĭs)

### Etymology

Formally, one may compare βρύον (brúon), but further details are unclear. The connection with Proto-Slavic *trъstь (“cane”) is impossible because of the anlaut. The variants point to a Pre-Greek origin, which is not unexpected in the case of a plant name.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰrý.on/ → /ˈθry.on/ → /ˈθri.on/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tʰrý.on/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈtʰry.on/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈθry.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈθry.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈθri.on/

### Noun

θρῠ́ον • (thrŭ́on) n (genitive θρῠ́ου); second declension
* reed, rush
* thorn apple (Datura stramonium)

#### Derived terms

* θρῠ́ϊνος (thrŭ́ïnos)
* θρυῖτῐς (thruîtĭs)
* θρῠ́όεις (thrŭ́óeis)
* θρῠ́οκᾰ́λᾰμος (thrŭ́okắlămos)
* θρῠ́οκοπέω (thrŭ́okopéō)
* θρῠ́οκοπῐ́ᾱ (thrŭ́okopĭ́ā)
* θρῠ́οπώλης (thrŭ́opṓlēs)
* θρῠ́οπώλῐον (thrŭ́opṓlĭon)
* θρῠ́οτῐ́λλω (thrŭ́otĭ́llō)
* θρῠ́ώδης (thrŭ́ṓdēs)

### Further reading

* “θρύον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “θρύον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “θρύον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* θρύον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* θρύον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# θαιρός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

According to Beekes, a technical term, which Brugmann derived from Proto-Hellenic *tʰwaryós, itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”). Compare θύρα (thúra, “door”).
On the other hand, Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *dʰurh₁- (“chariot pole”), and compare it with Hittite [script needed] (tūrii̯a-, “to harness”), Sanskrit धुर् (dhur, “yoke, pole”), and perhaps Tocharian A tursko (“draught ox”). Given the similarity in form and, to some extent, meaning between the two proto-Indo-European forms, it is possible they are connected.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰai̯.rós/ → /θɛˈros/ → /θeˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tʰai̯.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /tʰɛˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /θɛˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /θeˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /θeˈros/

### Noun

θαιρός • (thairós) m (genitive θαιροῦ); second declension
* pivot of a door or gate
* axle of a chariot

#### Derived terms

* θαιραῖος (thairaîos)
* θαιροδύτης (thairodútēs)

#### Descendants

* Arabic: تِرْس (tirs)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 794
* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 173

### Further reading

* “θαιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “θαιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “θαιρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* θαιρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette