# 牛肉
## Chinese

* 牛肉 (Written Standard Chinese)
* gû-bah (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niúròu
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄡˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiu$^2$ rou$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нюжу (ni͡uřu, I-III) / нюжу (ni͡uřu, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngau$^4$ juk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngeu$^3$ nguuk$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiù-ngiuk
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiu ngiug
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiu$^2$ ngiug$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): niû-nṳ̀
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngù-nṳ̆k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gû-bah / gû-mah / gû-hia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghu$^5$ nêg$^8$ / ghu$^5$ bhah$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnieu-gnioq$_8$ / $^2$gnieu-gnioq$_8$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyiou$^2$ rou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niúròu
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nióuròu
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^2$-jou$^4$
*** Yale: nyóu-ròu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niourow
*** Palladius: нюжоу (njužou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiu$^2$ rou$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niurhou
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiəu²¹ zəu²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нюжу (ni͡uřu, I-III) / нюжу (ni͡uřu, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /niou²⁴ ʐou⁴⁴/, /niou²⁴ ʐou⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngau$^4$ juk$^6$
*** Yale: ngàuh yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngau$^4$ juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngeo$^4$ yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngeu$^3$ nguuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡeu²² ᵑɡɵk̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù-ngiuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu$^ˇ$ ngiug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu$^2$ ngiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u¹¹ ŋi̯uk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu ngiug
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu⁵⁵ ŋiuk⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiu$^2$ ngiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu¹¹ ŋiʊk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niû-nṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /niu³³ ny⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù-nṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋu⁵³⁻³³ nˡyʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Penang, Medan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-bah
*** Tâi-lô: gû-bah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gu'baq
*** IPA (Singapore): /ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ baʔ³²/
*** IPA (Penang): /ɡu²³⁻²¹ baʔ³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹² baʔ³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² baʔ³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³⁻²² baʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³⁻³³ baʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ baʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-mah
*** Tâi-lô: gû-mah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gumaq
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² mãʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Philippines): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² maʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-hia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: gû-hia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gu'hiak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² hiak̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghu$^5$ nêg$^8$ / ghu$^5$ bhah$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gû ne̍k / gû bah
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nek̚⁴/, /ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ baʔ²/
* ghu5 nêg8 - China;
* ghu5 bhah4 - overseas.

### Noun

牛肉
* beef
    我不吃牛肉。 ― Wǒ bù chī niúròu. ― I don't eat beef.

#### Derived terms

* 小牛肉 (xiǎoniúròu, “veal”)
* 山竹牛肉 (shānzhú niúròu)
* 牛肉場 / 牛肉场
* 牛肉數 / 牛肉数
* 牛肉球 (niúròuqiú)
* 牛肉秀
* 牛肉粉 (niúròufěn)
* 牛肉麵 / 牛肉面 (niúròumiàn)
* 鹹牛肉 / 咸牛肉 (xiánniúròu)

#### See also

* 豬肉／猪肉 (zhūròu, “pork”)
* 雞肉／鸡肉 (jīròu, “chicken”)

### Further reading

* “Entry #50654”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 牛 | 肉 |
| ぎゅう Grade: 2 | にく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

牛(ぎゅう)肉(にく) • (gyūniku)
* cow meat; beef
    今日(きょう)、牛(ぎゅう)肉(にく)だけ食(た)べてる。
       Kyō, gyūniku dake tabeteru.
       Today, I'm only eating beef.

#### Synonyms

* ビーフ (bīfu)

#### See also

* 肉(にく) (niku): meat
* 豚(ぶた)肉(にく) (butaniku): pork
* 鶏(とり)肉(にく) (toriniku): chicken

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.