# jp
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (in the sense ‘to count’): (reconstructed) IPA: /jaːp/ → /jaːp/ → /ʔaːp/ → /ʔoːp/
* (in the sense ‘to count’): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /jaːp/ (infinitive)
* (in the sense ‘to count’): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /jaːp/ (infinitive)
* (in the sense ‘to count’): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ʔaːp/ (infinitive)
* (in the sense ‘to count’): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ʔoːp/ (infinitive)
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ip/
** Conventional anglicization: ip

### Verb

2-lit.
* (transitive) to count
* (transitive) to assess as complete by counting
* (transitive) to examine, to check, to evaluate, to review (someone or something)
* (transitive) to take account of, to take heed of
* (transitive) to account, to assess, to recognize, to consider (something) (+ r: as)
** c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 19: jp n.f tꜣ r ẖrt.f pt tꜣ ẖr st ḥr.fThe land was accounted as his possession, and the sky and the land were under his care.
* (transitive) to fully account for, collect, or set in order (the bones of the dead)
* (transitive) to recognize (someone) (+ m: as)
* (transitive) to respect, to esteem (someone)
* (transitive) to allot, to assign, to apportion (+ n: to)
* (transitive, with r) to charge (something) against (someone), to hold (someone) liable for something
* (transitive) to detail (someone) for work (+ r or m: for (some particular work))
* (transitive) to transfer (someone) (+ m: from; + r: to)
* (transitive) to impose, to assess, to exact (taxes, dues, revenues collected, etc.) (+ r: from)
* (transitive, with m-ꜥ) to claim (something) from (someone)
* (intransitive, of people) to assemble, to muster, to collect together
* (intransitive, often of the heart/mind) to be(come) shrewd, judicious, discerning, circumspect (+ m: in)

#### Alternative forms

| jp | jp | jpj |
| | [21st Dynasty] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| | in hieratic |

#### Derived terms

* jp-jb
* jp m jb
* jpt
* jp ḏt
* sjp

#### Descendants

* Demotic: jp, jpy
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ϩⲉⲡ- (hep-), ⲱⲡ- (ōp-), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲟⲡ⸗ (op⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲱⲡⲉ (ōpe), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲟⲡ⸗ (op⸗), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp ), (stative) ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe )

### Noun

m
* accounting
** c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 7–8:
    jw jp m-ꜥ.j m pr-nswt nhm n.j dwꜣ-nṯr n.jThe accounting was in my charge in the royal palace, and there was acclaim for me and thanking for me.
* regard, esteem, opinion or assessment of someone
** c. 1479–1425 BCE, (reign of Thutmose III), tomb autobiography of Rekhmire (TT100), lines 3–4:
    … ḏd.f jnk sꜥḥ snnw n nswt jfdnw n wp-rḥwj ḫnt(j) st m wꜥꜥw ḥs[w] ṯnw wn[wt …] tp(j)-ꜥ m jp rḫytHe says: I am a dignitary second to the king, fourth to the Judge of the Two Companions (Thoth, judge of Horus and Set), the one foremost of position in private audience, who is praised at each hour, […] who stands ahead in the esteem of the commoners.

#### Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

### Noun

m
* Only used in rḏj jp ḥr (“to hit someone on (a body part)$^?$”) [Middle Kingdom]

#### Usage notes

Possibly this word should be identified with the words above in the sense of “an accounting”.

### Noun

m
* stairway [Greco-Roman Period]

#### Inflection
### References

* “jp (lemma ID 24070)”, “jp (lemma ID 859124)”, and “jp (lemma ID 24080)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66.1–66.21, 67.3–67.4
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 16
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 251.