# 確

| 確 | U+78BA, &#30906; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BA |
| ← 碹 [U+78B9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碻 → [U+78BB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

確 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口人月土 (MROBG), four-corner 1461$_4$, composition ⿰石隺)

#### Derived characters

* 𡃜, 𮣞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24366
* Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2450, character 4
* Unihan data for U+78BA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鶴 | *ɡloːwɢ |
| 髉 | *pqroːwɢ |
| 篧 | *skroːwɢ, *sɡroːwɢ |
| 榷 | *kroːwɢ |
| 搉 | *kroːwɢ, *kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ |
| 傕 | *kroːwɢ |
| 確 | *kʰroːwɢ |
| 寉 | *ɡluːwɢ |
| 蒮 | *luwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰroːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) – rock-solid, as certain as a rock.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): què (que$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): quo$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kok$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): koh$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khok
    (Hailu, HRS): kog
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kog$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qyeh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): kŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): káuk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kah$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kag$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$chiaq; $^7$khoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ko$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: què
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüeh$^4$
*** Yale: chywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
*** Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: quo$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiuo
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kok$^3$
*** Yale: kok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kok$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔk̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: koh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
*** Hakka Romanization System: kog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kog
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰok⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɔk̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qyeh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káuk
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑuʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
*** Tâi-lô: khak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qag
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰak̚²/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: kog$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɔk̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$chiaq; $^7$khoq
*** MiniDict: chiah$^入$; khoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$qiaq; $^4$khoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵⁵/, /kʰoʔ⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ko$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit確 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰyo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰyo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰyu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰye¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰyə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰio²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰio²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰio³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰyaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰoʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰo⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰo²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰok̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɔk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰɔk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰak̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɔuʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xɔk̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: khaewk
Rime :
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦角切 |
| Baxter | khaewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤrawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | què |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʰˁrawk/ |
| English | solid, firm |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 確 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5100 |
| Phonetic component | 寉 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㱿 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰroːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

確
* real; true
    消息不確／消息不确 ― xiāoxī bù què ― the information is not true
    準確／准确 ― zhǔnquè ― accurate; precise
* firm; resolute
    確信／确信 ― quèxìn ― to firmly believe
* truly; indeed
* Alternative form of 确 (què, “rocky and barren”)
* Alternative form of 搉 (què, “to knock; to hit; to beat”)

### Compounds

* 丁一確二 / 丁一确二
* 不確 / 不确
* 千真萬確 / 千真万确 (qiānzhēnwànquè)
* 明確 / 明确 (míngquè)
* 正確 / 正确 (zhèngquè)
* 準確 / 准确 (zhǔnquè)
* 準確度 / 准确度 (zhǔnquèdù)
* 犖確 / 荦确 (luòquè)
* 的一確二 / 的一确二
* 的確 / 的确 (díquè)
* 真確 / 真确 (zhēnquè)
* 確乎 / 确乎
* 確信 / 确信 (quèxìn)
* 確保 / 确保 (quèbǎo)
* 確切 / 确切 (quèqiè)
* 確定 / 确定 (quèdìng)
* 確定判決 / 确定判决
* 確定故意 / 确定故意
* 確實 / 确实 (quèshí)
* 確有其事 / 确有其事 (quèyǒuqíshì)
* 確然 / 确然
* 確當 / 确当
* 確知 / 确知
* 確立 / 确立 (quèlì)
* 確診 / 确诊 (quèzhěn)
* 確認 / 确认 (quèrèn)
* 確論 / 确论
* 確證 / 确证 (quèzhèng)
* 確鑿 / 确凿 (quèzáo)
* 精確 / 精确 (jīngquè)
* 詳確 / 详确

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* certain

#### Readings

* Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: たしか (tashika, 確か, Jōyō)、たしかめる (tashikameru, 確かめる, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 確認(かくにん) (kakunin): confirmation, to confirm

## Korean
### Hanja

確 • (hwak) (hangeul 확, revised hwak, McCune–Reischauer hwak, Yale hwak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

確: Hán Nôm readings: xác, xạc

### Adjective

確 • (xác)
* chữ Hán form of xác (“durable; strong; solid; firm”).