# 磧

| 磧 | U+78E7, &#30951; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E7 |
| ← 磦 [U+78E6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 磨 → [U+78E8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

磧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一口手一金 (MRQMC), four-corner 1568$_6$, composition ⿰石責)
* sand and gravel
* rocks exposed at low tide
* to crush

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24448
* Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2450, character 10
* Unihan data for U+78E7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 磧
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 債 | *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 積 | *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ |
| 刺 | *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ |
| 莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
| 㓨 | *sʰeɡs |
| 朿 | *sʰeɡs |
| 漬 | *zeɡs |
| 耫 | *zraːd, *zreːɡ |
| 嘖 | *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 幘 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 簀 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 嫧 | *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ |
| 謮 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 責 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 皟 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 憡 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 策 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 拺 | *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ |
| 賾 | *zreːɡ |
| 鰿 | *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ |
| 擌 | *sreːɡ |
| 蹟 | *ʔseɡ |
| 襀 | *ʔseɡ |
| 磧 | *sʰeɡ |
| 洓 | *sʰeɡ |
| 績 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 勣 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 樍 | *ʔseːɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qì (qi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^1$ / cik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chak
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhek / chhiak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^1$ / cik$^1$
*** Yale: jīk / chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^7$ / tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^1$ / qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chak
*** Hakka Romanization System: zag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
*** Tâi-lô: tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshjek
Rime :
| Character | 磧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七迹切 |
| Baxter | tshjek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰeɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1778 |
| Phonetic component | 朿 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皵 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰeɡ/ |

#### Definitions

磧
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 冰磧 / 冰碛 (bīngqì)
* 冰磧岩 / 冰碛岩
* 冰磧湖 / 冰碛湖
* 石磧 / 石碛 (Shíqì)
* 磧礫 / 碛砾
* 磧鹵 / 碛卤
* 長磧 / 长碛 (Chángqì)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaak$^3$
*** Yale: jaak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːk̚³/

#### Definitions

磧
* (Cantonese) to press down on; to compress; to crush

### References

* “磧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: せき (seki)
* Kun: かわら (kawara, 磧)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 磧
* せき Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 磧 (MC tshjek).

#### Affix

磧(せき) • (seki)
* (Can we verify this sense?) pebbled riverbed

#### Derived terms

* 磧(せき)礫(れき) (sekireki)
* 砂(さ)磧(せき) (saseki)
* 砂(しゃ)磧(せき) (shaseki)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 磧
* かわら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 磧 – see the following entry. :
| 【河原かわら】 | [noun] a dry riverbed, especially of the 鴨川 (Kamogawa, “Kamo River”) in Kyoto [noun] (colloquial) Short for 河原者 (kawaramono): a beggar [noun] (colloquial) Short for 河原艾 (kawara yomogi): a species of wormwood, Artemisia capillaris [proper noun] Kawara (a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan) [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 川原 |
(This term, 磧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 磧 (MC tshjek). Recorded as Middle Korean 젹 (cyek) (Yale: cyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 磧 (eumhun 서덜 적 (seodeol jeok))
* hanja form of 적 (“body of water with pebbles”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

磧: Hán Nôm readings: thích
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation