# 藝

| 藝 | U+85DD, &#34269; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85DD |
| ← 藜 [U+85DC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 藞 → [U+85DE] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 藝 |
| Shinjitai | 芸 |
| Simplified | 艺 |

### Han character

藝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+15, 19 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 18 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿土戈戈 (TGII), four-corner 4473$_1$, composition ⿱蓺云)

#### Derived characters

* 𠑢, 囈, 𡤦, 𢺐, 𣡊, 襼, 讛

#### Related characters

* 芸 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 艺 (Simplified Chinese)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1065, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32330
* Dae Jaweon: page 1530, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3317, character 12
* Unihan data for U+85DD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 褹 | *ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds |
| 勢 | *hŋjeds |
| 藝 | *ŋeds |
| 囈 | *ŋeds |
| 埶 | *ŋeds |
| 蓺 | *ŋeds |
| 槸 | *ŋeds |
| 爇 | *ŋʷjed |
| 褻 | *sŋed |
| 暬 | *sŋed |
| 熱 | *ŋjed |
| 槷 | *ŋeːd |
Originally written as 埶 (OC *ŋeds). The 艸 (“grass; plant”) and 云 were added later.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngai$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngi
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiê
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gē / gōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghoi$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^6$
*** Yale: ngaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡai³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ke²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē
*** Tâi-lô: gē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ge
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡe⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡe²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡe³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe
*** Tâi-lô: guē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goe
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡue⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghoi$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gōi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡoi¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit藝 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /i⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /i²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /i³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /i⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /i¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /i¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /i²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /i³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹³/ 老 /i²¹³/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /i²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /i⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /i⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /i⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵi²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi⁵⁵/ /ȵi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵi⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋi⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋɐi²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋɐi²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ge²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiɛ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /goi³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋi³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjiejH
Rime :
| Character | 藝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚祭切 |
| Baxter | ngjiejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋet-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 藝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjiej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋet-s/ (MC I!) |
| English | cultivation, art, skill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 藝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15090 |
| Phonetic component | 埶 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 藝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋeds/ |
| Notes | 蓺六藝分化字 |

### Definitions

藝
* art
    文藝／文艺 ― wényì ― literature and art
* skill; talent
    技藝／技艺 ― jìyì ― skill
    手藝／手艺 ― shǒuyì ― craftsmanship
* (literary) limit; bound; norm
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Jí Huán Zǐ, jiāo tài shēchǐ, tān yù wú yì. [Pinyin]
    By the time of Lord Huan of Luan, [he was] excessively arrogant and extravagant; [his] greed and desires [knew] no limits.
* (literary) to plant; to grow

### Compounds

* 一藝 / 一艺
* 不世之藝 / 不世之艺
* 伐藝 / 伐艺
* 光藝術 / 光艺术
* 六藝 / 六艺 (Liùyì)
* 制藝 / 制艺
* 動畫藝術 / 动画艺术
* 原始藝術 / 原始艺术
* 園藝 / 园艺 (yuányì)
* 園藝作物 / 园艺作物
* 園藝學 / 园艺学
* 多才多藝 / 多才多艺 (duōcáiduōyì)
* 多材多藝 / 多材多艺
* 太空藝術 / 太空艺术
* 女性藝術 / 女性艺术
* 學藝 / 学艺 (xuéyì)
* 家庭園藝 / 家庭园艺
* 小工藝 / 小工艺
* 小玩藝兒 / 小玩艺儿
* 小眾藝術 / 小众艺术
* 工藝 / 工艺 (gōngyì)
* 工藝品 / 工艺品 (gōngyìpǐn)
* 工藝學 / 工艺学
* 工藝教育 / 工艺教育
* 工藝美術 / 工艺美术 (gōngyì měishù)
* 工藝雜流 / 工艺杂流
* 巧藝 / 巧艺
* 平面藝術 / 平面艺术
* 形象藝術 / 形象艺术
* 手工藝 / 手工艺 (shǒugōngyì)
* 手工藝品 / 手工艺品 (shǒugōngyìpǐn)
* 手藝 / 手艺 (shǒuyì)
* 才藝 / 才艺 (cáiyì)
* 才藝班 / 才艺班
* 投戈講藝 / 投戈讲艺
* 技藝 / 技艺 (jìyì)
* 技藝超群 / 技艺超群
* 拜師學藝 / 拜师学艺
* 拼貼藝術 / 拼贴艺术
* 授藝 / 授艺
* 數位藝術 / 数位艺术
* 文藝 / 文艺 (wényì)
* 文藝復興 / 文艺复兴 (Wényì Fùxīng)
* 文藝節 / 文艺节
* 文藝評論 / 文艺评论
* 新文藝 / 新文艺
* 新藝拉瑪 / 新艺拉玛
* 新藝術 / 新艺术
* 時藝 / 时艺
* 時間藝術 / 时间艺术
* 普普藝術 / 普普艺术 (pǔpǔ yìshù)
* 曲藝 / 曲艺 (qǔyì)
* 書藝 / 书艺 (shūyì)
* 末藝 / 末艺 (mòyì)
* 材藝 / 材艺
* 棋藝 / 棋艺 (qíyì)
* 橋藝 / 桥艺
* 樹藝 / 树艺
* 歐普藝術 / 欧普艺术
* 武藝 / 武艺 (wǔyì)
* 民俗曲藝 / 民俗曲艺
* 民族藝師 / 民族艺师
* 民間工藝 / 民间工艺
* 民間藝術 / 民间艺术
* 江湖藝人 / 江湖艺人
* 游藝 / 游艺
* 演藝 / 演艺 (yǎnyì)
* 演藝人員 / 演艺人员
* 焊接藝術 / 焊接艺术
* 無藝 / 无艺
* 特種工藝 / 特种工艺 (tèzhǒng gōngyì)
* 特藝彩色 / 特艺彩色
* 獻藝 / 献艺
* 玩藝兒 / 玩艺儿 (wányìr)
* 琉璃工藝 / 琉璃工艺
* 現代藝術 / 现代艺术
* 球藝 / 球艺 (qiúyì)
* 百藝 / 百艺
* 視覺藝術 / 视觉艺术 (shìjué yìshù)
* 空間藝術 / 空间艺术
* 第九藝術 / 第九艺术
* 第八藝術 / 第八艺术
* 絕藝 / 绝艺
* 經藝 / 经艺
* 綜合藝術 / 综合艺术
* 綜藝團 / 综艺团
* 綜藝節目 / 综艺节目 (zōngyì jiémù)
* 習藝所 / 习艺所
* 耍手藝 / 耍手艺
* 舞臺藝術 / 舞台艺术
* 舞藝 / 舞艺 (wǔyì)
* 色藝 / 色艺
* 色藝兩絕 / 色艺两绝
* 色藝無雙 / 色艺无双
* 色藝絕倫 / 色艺绝伦
* 色藝雙絕 / 色艺双绝
* 花絲金藝 / 花丝金艺
* 茶藝 / 茶艺 (cháyì)
* 茶藝館 / 茶艺馆
* 菲藝 / 菲艺
* 藝不壓身 / 艺不压身 (yìbùyāshēn)
* 藝人 / 艺人 (yìrén)
* 藝名 / 艺名 (yìmíng)
* 藝品 / 艺品 (yìpǐn)
* 藝壇 / 艺坛 (yìtán)
* 藝壓當行 / 艺压当行
* 藝妓 / 艺妓 (yìjì)
* 藝展 / 艺展
* 藝師 / 艺师
* 藝廊 / 艺廊 (yìláng)
* 藝徒 / 艺徒
* 藝文 / 艺文 (yìwén)
* 藝文志 / 艺文志 (yìwénzhì)
* 藝文活動 / 艺文活动
* 藝文類聚 / 艺文类聚
* 藝旦 / 艺旦 (yìdàn)
* 藝林 / 艺林
* 藝業 / 艺业 (yìyè)
* 藝祖 / 艺祖
* 藝能 / 艺能 (yìnéng)
* 藝苑 / 艺苑 (yìyuàn)
* 藝術 / 艺术
* 藝術品 / 艺术品 (yìshùpǐn)
* 藝術字 / 艺术字 (yìshùzì)
* 藝術季 / 艺术季
* 藝術家 / 艺术家 (yìshùjiā)
* 藝術性 / 艺术性 (yìshùxìng)
* 藝術指導 / 艺术指导
* 藝術歌曲 / 艺术歌曲
* 藝術界 / 艺术界 (yìshùjiè)
* 藝術館 / 艺术馆
* 藝閣 / 艺阁
* 藝齡 / 艺龄
* 行為藝術 / 行为艺术 (xíngwéi yìshù)
* 術藝 / 术艺
* 談文論藝 / 谈文论艺
* 課藝 / 课艺
* 貪慾無藝 / 贪欲无艺
* 賣藝 / 卖艺 (màiyì)
* 農藝 / 农艺 (nóngyì)
* 造形藝術 / 造形艺术
* 遊藝 / 游艺 (yóuyì)
* 道藝 / 道艺
* 遊藝會 / 游艺会
* 鄉土藝術 / 乡土艺术
* 金屬工藝 / 金属工艺
* 鑲嵌工藝 / 镶嵌工艺
* 陶藝 / 陶艺 (táoyì)
* 雕蟲小藝 / 雕虫小艺
* 電影藝術 / 电影艺术
* 電腦藝術 / 电脑艺术

### References

* “藝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 芸 |
| Kyūjitai | 藝 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 芸)
* technique, art, craft, performance

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: げい (gei)
* Kun: うえる (ueru)、のり (nori)、わざ (waza)
* The kun readings are all rare.

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [je̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 藝 (eumhun 재주 예 (jaeju ye))
* hanja form of 예 (“art, craft, technique, performance”)

#### Compounds

* 예술 (藝術, yesul, “art”)
* 예능 (藝能, yeneung, “(public) entertainment, performing arts”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

藝: Hán Việt readings: nghệ, vân
藝: Nôm readings: nghế, vân, nghề, nghệ

#### Compounds

* 善藝 (thiện nghệ)
* 文藝 (văn nghệ)
* 武藝 (võ nghệ)
* 藝業 (nghề nghiệp)

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

藝 • (nghệ)
* chữ Hán form of nghệ (“occupation, employment, trade, profession”).

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

藝 • (nghề)
* Nôm form of nghề (“trade; profession”).

### References

* Jean-Louis Taberd (1838), Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum, p. A338.
* Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)