# 轟

| 轟 | U+8F5F, &#36703; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F5F |
| ← 轞 [U+8F5E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 轠 → [U+8F60] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 轟 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 軣 |
| Simplified | 轰 |

### Han character

轟 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+14, 21 strokes, cangjie input 十十十十十 (JJJJJ), four-corner 5055$_6$, composition ⿱車䡛)

#### Derived characters

* 𠑭, 𡆀, 𢺩, 𣡴, 𨰵

#### Related characters

* 軣 (Japanese extended shinjitai)
* 轰 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1249, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38577
* Dae Jaweon: page 1728, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3559, character 12
* Unihan data for U+8F5F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 轟
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
Triplication of 車 (“cart”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hōng (hong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwang$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fông
* Northern Min (KCR): hó̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong / eng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hong
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hong
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwang$^1$
*** Yale: gwāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gueng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong / eng
*** Tâi-lô: hong / ing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng, efng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/, /iɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
* hong - literary;
* eng - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit轟 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hoŋ³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /hoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hoŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /hoŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xuʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xoŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /hən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /vaŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hoŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰʷɐŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /huŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hoŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hɔŋ³¹/ 俗 |
* Middle Chinese: xweang, xweangH
Rime :
| Character | 轟 | 轟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (118) | 耕 (118) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 呼宏切 | 呼迸切 |
| Baxter | xweang | xweangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠwɛŋ/ | /hˠwɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷᵚæŋ/ | /hʷᵚæŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɐŋ/ | /xuɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwəɨjŋ/ | /hwəɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɛŋ/ | /xuɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xwæŋ/ | /xwæŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwæŋ/ | /xwæŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hōng | hòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fang$^1$ | fang$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷreːŋ/, /*qʰʷreːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 轟 | 轟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5128 | 5129 |
| Phonetic component | 轟 | 轟 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 轟 | 轟 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷreːŋ/ | /*qʰʷreːŋs/ |

### Definitions

轟
* (onomatopoeia) bang; boom
* to rumble; to explode; to blast
* to shoo away; to expel

#### Compounds

* 五雷轟頂 / 五雷轰顶
* 戰略轟炸 / 战略轰炸
* 水平轟炸 / 水平轰炸
* 炮轟 / 炮轰 (pàohōng)
* 烈火轟雷 / 烈火轰雷
* 烈烈轟轟 / 烈烈轰轰
* 疲勞轟炸 / 疲劳轰炸 (píláohōngzhà)
* 轟動 / 轰动 (hōngdòng)
* 轟擊 / 轰击 (hōngjī)
* 轟沉 / 轰沉
* 轟炸 / 轰炸 (hōngzhà)
* 轟炸機 / 轰炸机 (hōngzhàjī)
* 轟烈 / 轰烈
* 轟然 / 轰然 (hōngrán)
* 轟然雷動 / 轰然雷动
* 轟的 / 轰的
* 轟走 / 轰走
* 轟轟 / 轰轰
* 轟轟烈烈 / 轰轰烈烈 (hōnghōnglièliè)
* 轟轟闐闐 / 轰轰阗阗
* 轟醉 / 轰醉
* 轟隆 / 轰隆
* 轟雷掣電 / 轰雷掣电
* 轟雷貫耳 / 轰雷贯耳
* 轟飲 / 轰饮
* 轟鳴 / 轰鸣 (hōngmíng)
* 雷轟電掣 / 雷轰电掣
* 飽和轟炸 / 饱和轰炸
* 高空轟炸 / 高空轰炸

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 軣 |
| Kyūjitai | 轟 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 軣)
* roar
* thunder
* boom
* resound

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō)
* Kun: とどろく (todoroku, 轟く)、とどろかす (todorokasu, 轟かす)

#### Compounds

* 轟音(ごうおん) (gōon): loud rumbling; booming sound
* 轟轟(ごうごう) (gōgō), 轟々(ごうごう) (gōgō): (adverb) thunderous; rumbling
* 轟沈(ごうちん) (gōchin): to sink a ship instantly
* 轟石(とどろきせき) (todorokiseki): todorokite

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 轟 (MC xweang|xweangH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 회ᇰ (Yale: hwoyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kwe̞ŋ] ~ [kø̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [궹/굉]

### Hanja

Wikisource 轟 (eumhun 울릴 굉 (ullil goeng))
* hanja form of 굉 (“roar; thunder; boom”)

#### Compounds

* 굉굉 (轟轟, goenggoeng)
* 굉렬 (轟烈, goengnyeol)
* 굉발 (轟發, goengbal, “exploding loudly”)
* 굉성 (轟聲, goengseong)
* 굉소 (轟笑, goengso, “laughing loudly”)
* 굉연 (轟然, goeng'yeon, “deafening sound”)
* 굉음 (轟音, goeng'eum, “booming sound”)
* 굉천뢰 (轟天雷, goengcheolloe, “great thunder”)
* 굉침 (轟沈, goengchim, “sinking a ship instantly”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

轟: Hán Nôm readings: huênh, oanh, oang, oàng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.