# madrugar
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese madrugar, madurgar (the latter att. 13th. c., Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin maturāre (“hurry”) (whence Galician madurar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [maðɾuˈɣaɾ]

### Verb

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madruguei, past participle madrugado)
* to get up early

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* madrugada
* madrugador

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “madurgar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “madrug”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “madrugar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “madrugar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “madrugar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “madrugar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “madrugar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese madrugar, madurgar, from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin mātūrāre (“hurry”) (whence Portuguese madurar).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ma.dɾuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ma.dɾuˈɡa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ma.dɾuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ma.dɾuˈɡa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ma.dɾuˈɡa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ma.dɾuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ma.dɾuˈɡa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ma.dɾuˈɡa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɐ.dɾuˈɡaɾ/ [mɐ.ðɾuˈɣaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɐ.dɾuˈɡaɾ/ [mɐ.ðɾuˈɣaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /mɐ.dɾuˈɡa.ɾi/ [mɐ.ðɾuˈɣa.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: ma‧dru‧gar

### Verb

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madruguei, past participle madrugado)
* to stay up at late nighttime (madrugada); to stay up all night
* to pull an all-nighter

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* madrugada
* madrugador

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish madrugar, madurgar, from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin maturāre (“hurry”) (whence Spanish madurar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /madɾuˈɡaɾ/ [ma.ð̞ɾuˈɣ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ma‧dru‧gar

### Verb

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madrugué, past participle madrugado)
* to get up early

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda
* madrugada
* madrugador
* madrugón
* no por mucho madrugar, amanece más temprano

### Further reading

* “madrugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10