OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# estyma
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French estime, from Latin aestimō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛsˈtɘ.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘma
* Syllabification: es‧ty‧ma

### Noun

estyma f
* (literary) respect (admiration for a person or entity because of perceived merit)
    Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek, respekt, poszanowanie, uszanowanie, uznanie, godność, honor, hołd

#### Related terms

* estymacja
* estymator
* estymować

### Further reading

* estyma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* estyma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# clásico
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* clássico (Reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Latin classicus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklasiko/ [ˈkla.s̺i.kʊ]
* Rhymes: -asiko
* Hyphenation: clá‧si‧co

### Adjective

clásico (feminine clásica, masculine plural clásicos, feminine plural clásicas)
* classic, classical

### Further reading

* “clásico”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin classicus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklasiko/ [ˈkla.si.ko]
* Rhymes: -asiko
* Syllabification: clá‧si‧co

### Adjective

clásico (feminine clásica, masculine plural clásicos, feminine plural clásicas)
* classic

#### Derived terms

* árabe clásico
* clasicismo
* latín clásico
* náhuatl clásico
* posclásico
* preclásico
* siríaco clásico

### Noun

clásico m (plural clásicos)
* a sports rivalry match, especially in association football, specifically one between two teams who are not from the same city or region

### Further reading

* “clásico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# rysownik
## Polish
### Etymology

From rysować +‎ -nik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɘˈsɔv.ɲik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲik
* Syllabification: ry‧sow‧nik

### Noun

rysownik m pers (female equivalent rysowniczka, diminutive rysowniczek, related adjective rysowniczy)
* drawer (artist who primarily makes drawings)
* (comics) cartoonist (creator of cartoons or strip cartoons)
    Synonym: komiksiarz

#### Derived terms

* rysownictwo

#### Related terms

* rysunkowy
* rysunkowo
* rysownia
* rysownica
* rysuneczek
* rysunek
* rysować impf

### Further reading

* rysownik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rysownik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# narodowościowo
## Polish
### Etymology

From narodowościowy +‎ -o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.rɔ.dɔ.vɔɕˈt͡ɕɔ.vɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɔ
* Syllabification: na‧ro‧do‧woś‧cio‧wo

### Adverb

narodowościowo (not comparable)
* in a manner of a nationality

#### Related terms

* narodowościowy
* narodowy
* narodowo
* narodowiec
* narodowość
* narodzenie
* narodziny
* naród
* ONZ
* Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
* narodzić
* unaradawiać
* unarodowić
* wynaradawiać
* wynarodowić

### Further reading

* narodowościowo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# biolinguistics
## English
### Etymology

From bio- +‎ linguistics.

### Noun

biolinguistics (uncountable)
* (linguistics) Study of the biology and evolution of language.

#### Derived terms

* paleobiolinguistics
# otéct
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* otéci

### Etymology

From o- +‎ téct.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈotɛːt͡st]

### Verb

otéct pf (imperfective otékat)
* to swell

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | otéct, otécti | Active adjective | otekší |
| Verbal noun | — | Passive adjective | — |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | oteču | otečeme | — | otečme |
| 2nd person | otečeš | otečete | oteč | otečte |
| 3rd person | oteče | otečou | — | — |
* The verb otéct does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | otekl | otekli | — | — |
| masculine inanimate | otekl | otekly | — | — |
| feminine | otekla | otekly | — | — |
| neuter | oteklo | otekla | — | — |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | otek |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | otekši |
| plural | — | otekše |

#### Derived terms

* oteklý
* otok m

#### Related terms

* oteklina
* oteklost
* oteklý

### Further reading

* “otéci”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “otéci”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “otéct”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# padangat
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

From pa- +‎ dangat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈdaŋat/ [paˈd̪a.ŋat]
* Hyphenation: pa‧da‧ngat

### Adjective

padángat (intensified padangaton, Basahan spelling ᜉᜇᜅᜆ᜔)
* (Naga) dear, beloved
    Synonyms: padaba, mahal, namumutan

### Noun

padángat (Basahan spelling ᜉᜇᜅᜆ᜔)
* (Naga) loved one; darling; sweetheart
    Synonyms: padaba, mahal

#### Derived terms

* kapadangatan
* magpadangat
* padangat taka
* padangaton
# intocable
## Catalan
### Etymology

From in- +‎ tocable.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [in.tuˈkab.blə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [in.toˈkab.blə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [in.toˈka.ble]

### Adjective

intocable m or f (masculine and feminine plural intocables)
* untouchable

### Noun

intocable m or f by sense (plural intocables)
* untouchable

### Further reading

* “intocable”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /intoˈkable/ [ĩn̪.t̪oˈka.β̞le]
* Rhymes: -able
* Syllabification: in‧to‧ca‧ble

### Adjective

intocable m or f (masculine and feminine plural intocables)
* untouchable

### Noun

intocable m or f by sense (plural intocables)
* untouchable

#### Related terms

* tocar

### Further reading

* “intocable”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Tacloban
## English
### Etymology

From Spanish Tacloban, from Waray-Waray Tarakluban (“place of the taklub”).

### Pronunciation

* (Philippines) IPA: /tɐkˈlo.bɐn/
* (General American) IPA: /tækˈloʊbən/

### Proper noun

Tacloban
* A city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines

#### Translations
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Waray-Waray Tarakluban (“place of the taklub”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈkloban/ [t̪aˈklo.β̞ãn]
* Rhymes: -oban
* Syllabification: Ta‧clo‧ban

### Proper noun

Tacloban ?
* Tacloban (a city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)

#### Derived terms

* taclobano

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Tacloban, from Waray-Waray Tarakluban (“place of the taklub”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /takˈloban/ [t̪ɐkˈloː.bɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -oban
* Syllabification: Tac‧lo‧ban

### Proper noun

Tacloban (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜃ᜔ᜎᜓᜊᜈ᜔)
* Tacloban (a city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)

## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

From earlier Tarakluban (“place of the taklub”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /takˈloban/, [takˈlu.ban]

### Proper noun

Tacloban
* Tacloban (a city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)
# vanheta
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɑnhetɑˣ/, [ˈʋɑ̝nhe̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑnhetɑ
* Hyphenation: van‧he‧ta

### Etymology 1

From vanha +‎ -eta.

#### Verb

vanheta (intransitive)
* to age
* to expire

##### Synonyms

* vanhentua

##### Antonyms

* nuoreta

##### Derived terms

* vanheneminen

#### Further reading

* “vanheta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

vanheta
* inflection of vanhettaa:
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* ahventa

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From vanha (“old”) +‎ -eta. Akin to Finnish vanheta.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈʋɑnetɑ/, [ˈʋɑne̞t]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈʋɑnhetɑ/, [ˈʋɑnhe̞d̥ɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑnet, -ɑnhetɑ
* Hyphenation: van‧he‧ta

### Verb

vanheta
* Synonym of vanhoittua

#### Derived terms

* vanhenoittaa

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 638
# sistema planetario
## Spanish
### Noun

sistema planetario m (plural sistemas planetarios)
* planetary system

#### Related terms

* planeta

#### See also

* Sistema Solar

### Further reading

* “sistema planetario”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# antiforeign
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ foreign.

### Adjective

antiforeign (comparative more antiforeign, superlative most antiforeign)
* Opposed to foreigners or to what is foreign.
** 1972, Charlton M. Lewis, “Some Notes on the Ko-lao Hui in Late Ch’ing China”, in Jean Chesneaux, editor, Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China 1840-1950‎, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 108:Taken as a whole, however, the riots were anti-foreign, not anti-official. This was dramatically true in the Wu-hsüeh riot of June 5, where two foreigners were killed by an angry mob,⁴⁹ and the I-ch’ang riot of September 2, where responsible officials failed to take action and the collusion of important persons was widely suspected.⁵⁰
** 2007 January 10, Wayne Arnold, “Thailand May Add Measures to Restrict Foreign Investment”, in New York Times‎:With foreigners already wary of investing in Thailand, the last thing the country needed, analysts say, was a new law perceived as antiforeign.

#### Synonyms

* xenophobic

#### Derived terms

* antiforeignism
# colorismo
## Italian
### Noun

colorismo m (plural colorismi)
* (art) a tendency to use colour/color as the fundamental element of painting

## Spanish
### Noun

colorismo m (plural colorismos)
* colourism

#### Related terms

* colorista

### Further reading

* “colorismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# карати
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkaɾati]

### Noun

карати • (karati)
* plural of карат m (karat, “karat, carat”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *karati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎːrati/
* Hyphenation: ка‧ра‧ти

### Verb

ка́рати impf (Latin spelling kárati)
* (transitive) to scold
* (reflexive) to quarrel
* (transitive, vulgar) to fuck

#### Synonyms

* (scold): гр́дити, ко̀рити

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐˈrate]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic карати (karati), from Proto-Slavic *karati.

#### Verb

кара́ти • (karáty) impf (perfective покара́ти)
* (transitive) to punish, chastise, castigate
* (transitive) to torment

##### Derived terms

* на го́рлі кара́ти (na hórli karáty)
* сло́вом карати (slóvom karaty)

##### References

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “карати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “карати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

кара́ти • (karáty)
* nominative plural of кара́т (karát)
* accusative plural of кара́т (karát)
* vocative plural of кара́т (karát)
# ઢીંગલી
## Gujarati
### Alternative forms

* ઢિંગલી (ḍhiṅglī)

### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈɖʱĩɡ.li/

### Noun

ઢીંગલી • (ḍhī̃glī) f (masculine ઢીંગલો)
* doll, puppet
    Synonyms: પૂતળી (pūtaḷī), ગુડિયા (guḍiyā)

#### Related terms

* ઢીંગલું (ḍhī̃glũ)

### Further reading

* “ઢીંગલી”, in Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009.
* Belsare, Malhar (1981) “ઢીંગલી”, in ગુજરાતી-અંગ્રેજી ડિકશનરી [Etymological Gujarati-English Dictionary]‎, Asian Educational Services, page 568
* Ranina, N. R. (2003) “ઢીંગલી”, in Rustam N. Ranina, editor, A Manual of English Gujarati Dictionary‎, Asian Educational Services, page 215
# παραβολή
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to set side by side”) +‎ -η (-ē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ra.bo.lɛ̌ː/ → /pa.ra.βoˈli/ → /pa.ra.voˈli/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pa.ra.bo.lɛ̌ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pa.ra.boˈle̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pa.ra.βoˈli/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pa.ra.voˈli/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pa.ra.voˈli/

### Noun

παραβολή • (parabolḗ) f (genitive παραβολῆς); first declension
* a placing of two things side by side, juxtaposition
* comparison, illustration, analogy
* parable, proverb
* side by side meeting or engagement, broadside
* venture
* (astronomy) conjunction
* (mathematics) division
* (geometry) parabola

#### Descendants

* Albanian: parabolë
* Bulgarian: парабола (parabola)
* Czech: parabola
* Danish: parabel, parabol
* Dutch: parabool
* English: parabola, parabole
* German: Parabel
* Greek: παραβολή (paravolí)
* Hindi: परवलय (paravlay)
* Hungarian: parabola
* → Latin: parabola (see there for further descendants)
* Polish: parabola
* Russian: пара́бола f (parábola)
* Serbo-Croatian: paràbola
* Serbo-Croatian: пара̀бола
* Swedish: parabel
* Turkish: parabol
* Ukrainian: парабола (parabola)

### Further reading

* “παραβολή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “παραβολή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* παραβολή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* G3850 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. comparison idem, page 150.

## Greek
### Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

### Noun

παραβολή • (paravolí) f (plural παραβολές)
* (mathematics, geometry) parabola
* (literature, religion) parable
* comparison

#### Declension
### Further reading

* παραβολή, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# ἄγρυπνος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἀγρός (agrós, “field”) +‎ ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”). The original meaning was "who sleeps outside", which developed into "sleepless, awake".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /á.ɡry.pnos/ → /ˈa.ɣry.pnos/ → /ˈa.ɣri.pnos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /á.ɡry.pnos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈa.ɡry.pnos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈa.ɣry.pnos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈa.ɣry.pnos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈa.ɣri.pnos/

### Adjective

ἄγρῠπνος • (ágrŭpnos) m or f (neuter ἄγρῠπνου); second declension
* wakeful, sleepless, vigilant
* banishing sleep, keeping awake

#### Derived terms

* ἀγρῠπνέω (agrŭpnéō)
* ἀγρῠπνητήρ (agrŭpnētḗr)
* ἀγρῠπνητής (agrŭpnētḗs)
* ἀγρῠπνητῐκος (agrŭpnētĭkos)
* ἀγρῠπνῐ́ᾱ (agrŭpnĭ́ā)
* ἀγρῠπνώδης (agrŭpnṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: άγρυπνος (ágrypnos)

### Further reading

* “ἄγρυπνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἄγρυπνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἄγρυπνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἄγρυπνος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# ἰξός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

An old cultural word, identical with Latin viscum (“mistletoe”), thus implying a pre-form *ϝιξ(ο-) (*wix(o-)). It has been compared with Proto-Slavic *višьňa (“sour cherry”) and Proto-Germanic *wīhsilō (“sour cherry”). Chantraine considers a common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱs-, but, according to Beekes, given its structure and limited distribution it is likely a loanword from a European substrate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ik.sós/ → /ikˈsos/ → /ikˈsos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ik.sós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ikˈsos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ikˈsos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ikˈsos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ikˈsos/

### Noun

ἰξός • (ixós) m (genitive ἰξοῦ); second declension
* European mistletoe (Viscum album)
    Synonym: ὕφεαρ (húphear)
* mistletoe berry
* birdlime prepared from the mistletoe berry
* oak gum, used for the same purpose
* (in general) any sticky substance
* (figuratively) skinflint, miser

#### Derived terms

* ἰξεύω (ixeúō)
* ἰξία (ixía)
* ἰξῐ́ᾱς (ixĭ́ās)
* ἰξῑ́νη (ixī́nē)
* ἰξίον (ixíon)
* ἰξοβόλος (ixobólos)
* ἰξοβόρος (ixobóros)
* ἰξοειδές (ixoeidés)
* ἰξοεργός (ixoergós)
* ἰξόομαι (ixóomai)
* ἰξοποιέω (ixopoiéō)
* ἰξοφάγος (ixophágos)
* ἰξοφόρος (ixophóros)
* ἰξώδης (ixṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ιξός (ixós)
* → Ottoman Turkish: اوكسه (ökse)
** Turkish: ökse
** → Armenian: էօքսէ (ēōkʻsē)
** → Azerbaijani: öksə

### References

* ↑ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “ἰξός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 465
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἰξός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 593–594

### Further reading

* “ἰξός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἰξός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἰξός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# adlit
## Hanunoo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔadlit/ [ˈʔɐd.lɪt]
* Rhymes: -adlit
* Syllabification: ad‧lit

### Noun

adlit (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜧ᜴ᜮᜲᜦ᜴)
* lancet (especially one fashioned from a sharp splinter of a bagakay bamboo)
* a person who supervises a blood pact ceremony drawing blood from both parties with a bamboo lancet
* the act of drawing blood in this manner

#### Usage notes

* Since the performance of the blood pact is no longer strictly observed in most Hanunoo districts, usages involving blood pacts are rapidly being forgotten.

#### Derived terms

* ipaadlit

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 19
# spìos
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old French espice, from Latin speciēs (“kind, sort”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̪piəs̪/, /s̪piːs̪/

### Noun

spìos m (genitive singular spìosa, plural spìosan)
* spice

#### Derived terms

* spìosrach (“spicy”)
* spìosrachd f (“spiciness”)
* spìosraich (“spice, season”, verb)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “spìos”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
# spìosraich
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̪piːs̪ɾɪç/

### Verb

spìosraich (past spìosraich, future spìosraichidh, verbal noun spìosrachadh, past participle spìosraichte)
* spice, season

#### Derived terms

* spìos (“spice”)
* spìosrach (“spicy”)
* spìosrachd f (“spiciness”)
# благодать
## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic благодать (blagodatĭ). By surface analysis, бла́го (blágo) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ дать (datʹ) +‎ -ь (-ʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɫəɡɐˈdatʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

благода́ть • (blagodátʹ) f inan (genitive благода́ти, nominative plural благода́ти, genitive plural благода́тей)
* divine grace, boon, bliss (a blessing or benefit)

#### Related terms

* благода́тный (blagodátnyj)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic благодать (blagodatĭ). By surface analysis, бла́го (bláho) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ да́ти (dáty) +‎ -ь (-ʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɫɐɦɔˈdatʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

благода́ть • (blahodátʹ) f inan (genitive благода́ті, uncountable)
* (religion) grace
* blessing, boon, gift
* bliss, beatitude

#### Derived terms

* благода́тний (blahodátnyj)
* благода́тній (blahodátnij)

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “благодать”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “благодать”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “благодать”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “благодать”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “благодать”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# self-
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English self-, silf-, seolf-, from Old English self-, sylf-, seolf-, from Proto-Germanic *selba-, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz (“self”). Cognate with Dutch zelf- (“self-”), German Low German sülvst- (“self-”), German selbst- (“self-”), Swedish själv- (“self-”), Icelandic sjálf- (“self-”). More at self.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /sɛlf/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Prefix

self-
* of, by, in or with oneself or itself
* automatic

#### Usage notes

* Words derived from self- are usually formed with a hyphen. Using a hyphen is recommended by the U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual.

#### Synonyms

* (of, by, in or with oneself or itself): auto-, ipsi-

#### Derived terms

* self-adjointness
* self-centeredness
* self-confidently
* self-consciously
* self-drilling screw
* self-finished
* self-finishing
* self-fulfilling prophecy
* self-injured
* self-injures
* self-injuring
* self-raising flour
* self-referential meaning
* self-tapping screw

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

### Anagrams

* FLES, LSFE, elfs

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* seolf-, sylf-

### Etymology

From pronoun self.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /self/, [seɫf]

### Prefix

self-
* self
    ‎self- + ‎cwalu (“killing”) → ‎selfcwalu (“suicide”)
    ‎self- + ‎-dōm (“-dom”) → ‎selfdōm (“independence”)
    ‎self- + ‎-wille (“willing”) → ‎selfwille (“voluntary”)

#### Descendants

* Middle English: self-, sylf-, seolf-
** English: self-