OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# перефарбовувати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From the перефарбо́в- (perefarbóv-) stem of перефарбува́ти (perefarbuváty) +‎ -увати (-uvaty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [perefɐrˈbɔwʊʋɐte]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

перефарбо́вувати • (perefarbóvuvaty) impf (perfective перефарбува́ти) (transitive)
* to repaint (to paint anew or again)
* (figuratively) to repaint (to depict or portray in a different way)
* to paint (all or much of)
* to overpaint (to paint excessively)

#### Derived terms

* перефарбо́вування n (perefarbóvuvannja)
* перефарбо́вуватися impf (perefarbóvuvatysja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “перефарбовувати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2021), “перефарбовувати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 12 (п – підку́рювач), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “перефарбовувати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “перефарбовувати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “перефарбовувати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “перефарбовувати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “перефарбовувати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# faaɗere
## Fula
### Etymology

From faaɗ- +‎ -ere.

### Noun

faaɗere nde
* (Pular) narrowness

#### Related terms

* faaɗde
* faaɗeede
* faaɗnude
* faaɗude

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
# Medetera
## Translingual
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μηδέτερος (mēdéteros, “neither of the two”, pronoun).

### Proper noun

Medetera f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Dolichopodidae – certain long-legged flies.

#### Derived terms

* Demetera
* Medeterella
* Medeterinae
* Medeterini
* Medeterites
* Micromedetera
* Neomedetera
* Paramedetera
* Plesiomedetera
* Protomedetera

### See also

* Medetera on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Medetera on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Medetera on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# dosen
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch docent (“teacher, docent”), from Latin docēns, present participle of doceō (“to teach”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /do.sɛn/
* Hyphenation: do‧sèn

### Noun

dosèn (plural)
* (education) docent; lecturer, person who gives lectures (usually in a university, as opposed to a school teacher).

#### Synonyms

* pensyarah (rare)
* pensyarah (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

#### Compounds

* asisten dosen
* dosen luar biasa
* dosen tamu
* dosen terbang

### Further reading

* “dosen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

dosen m
* definite singular of dose

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

dosen m
* definite singular of dose

## Swedish
### Noun

dosen
* definite singular of dos

### Anagrams

* Odens
# archangel
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English archangel, from Old French archangele, from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos) from Ancient Greek prefix ἀρχι- (arkhi-) + ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”). By surface analysis, arch- +‎ angel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪn.d͡ʒəl/, /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪn.d͡ʒəl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

archangel (plural archangels)
* A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).
* Synonym of angelica (“the garden herb”)

#### Derived terms

* archangelship

#### Related terms

* angel
* angelic
* angelical
* angelically
* angelologist
* angelology
* archangelic
* archangelical
* archangelically

#### Translations
### See also

* cherub
* cherubim
* choir
* domination
* power
* principality
* seraph
* seraphim
* throne

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh archangel, from Proto-Brythonic *arxangel, a borrowing from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos). Equivalent to arch- +‎ angel (“angel”). Cognate with Breton arc'hael.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /arˈχaŋɛl/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /arˈχaŋal/
* (South Wales) IPA: /arˈχaŋɛl/

### Noun

archangel m (plural archangylion)
* (religion) archangel

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# Breckerfelders
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʁɛkɐˌfɛldɐs/
* Hyphenation: Bre‧cker‧fel‧ders

### Noun

Breckerfelders
* genitive singular of Breckerfelder
# bintog
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* pintog

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /binˈtoɡ/ [bɪn̪ˈt̪oɡ̚]
* Rhymes: -oɡ
* Syllabification: bin‧tog

### Noun

bintóg (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜄ᜔)
* swelling; inflation (of fruits, balloons, etc.)
* robustness; fatness
* rotundity
* blister (bubble on the skin)
    Synonyms: bantog, guham, lintog

#### Derived terms

* bumintog
* mabintog
* mamintog
* pabintugin

### Anagrams

* tibong, bingot
# планетологія
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From плане́та (planéta) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ -ло́гія (-lóhija). Compare Russian планетоло́гия (planetológija), Belarusian планетало́гія (planjetalóhija), Polish planetologia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɫɐnetɔˈɫɔɦʲijɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

планетоло́гія • (planetolóhija) f inan (genitive планетоло́гії, uncountable, relational adjective планетологі́чний)
* planetary science, planetology
    Synonym: планетозна́вство n (planetoznávstvo)

#### Related terms

* плане́та f (planéta)
* плането́лог m (planetóloh)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “планетологія”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “планетологія”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “планетологія”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “планетологія”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# lump sum
## English
### Alternative forms

* lumpsome (erroneously)

### Noun

lump sum (plural lump sums)
* A relatively large single payment of money often paid and received instead of, or in addition to, a sequence of smaller payments.
    When he retired, he received a lump sum plus a pension.

#### See also

* balloon payment, bullet payment, amortization

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English lump sum.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lam$^1$ sam$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lam$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: lām sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lam$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lem$^1$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐm⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

### Noun

lump sum (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* lump sum
* (by extension) total price (such as of real estate)

#### Alternative forms

* 冧心
# ᦔᦱ
## Lü
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”). Cognate with Thai ปลา (bplaa), Northern Thai ᨸᩖᩣ, Isan ปา, Lao ປາ (pā), Tai Dam ꪜꪱ, Shan ပႃ (pǎa), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣ (paa), Ahom 𑜆𑜠 (pa) or 𑜆𑜡 (pā), Zhuang bya, Bouyei byal, Saek ปร๋า. Compare Proto-Hlai *hlaː (“fish”) (whence ɗaː¹ ~ ɬaː¹ across different lects), Lakkia phla⁵¹, Proto-Be *ɓaːᴬ¹ (whence ɓa¹ in modern lects).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paː˥/
* Rhymes: -aː

### Noun

ᦔᦱ • (ṗaa) (Tai Tham spelling ᨸᩣ, classifier ᦷᦎ)
* fish

#### Derived terms

* ᦔᦱᦃᦲᧄ (ṗaaẋiim)
* ᦔᦱᦢᦲᧃ (ṗaaḃiin)

### References

* Hanna, William J. (2019) “Query for ᦔᦱ”, in Dai Lue - English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International
# tsismis
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish chismes, plural of chisme.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tsis‧mis
* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃismis/ [ˈt͡ʃis.mis]

### Noun

tsismis
* gossip, gossiping
    Synonym: daldal

#### Derived terms

* itsismis
* katsismis
* magtsismis
* makitsismis
* pagtsismis
* tsismisan

#### Related terms

* tsismosa
* tsismoso

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Spanish chisme, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tsis‧mis
* IPA: /ˈtsismis/ [ˈt̪s̪is̪.mɪs̪]

### Noun

tsismis
* gossip, hearsay, rumor

### Verb

tsismis
* to gossip
* to chit-chat

#### Synonyms

* (rumor): estorya, hungihong

## Sambali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish chismes.

### Noun

tsismis
* gossip

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* chismis
* tsismes

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish chismes, plural of chisme.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃismis/ [ˈt͡ʃis.mɪs], /t͡ʃisˈmis/ [t͡ʃɪsˈmis]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ˈtsismis/ [ˈt͡sis.mɪs], (no yod coalescence) /tsisˈmis/ [t͡sɪsˈmis]
* Rhymes: -ismis, -is
* Syllabification: tsis‧mis

### Noun

tsismis or tsismís (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔)
* gossip; idle talk
    Synonyms: satsat, daldal, sitsit, sabi-sabi, tsika, balitang kutsero, kuwentong-kutsero, kuwentong-barbero, abla, sabihan, bali-balita, bulong-bulungan, gakgak, (colloquial) kutsukutso, (figurative, colloquial) alimuom, istorya, (slang) siyete, (archaic) bukang-bibig

#### Derived terms

* itsismis
* magtsismis
* magtsismisan
* makipagtsismisan
* matsismis
* pagtsitsismisan
* tsismisan

#### Related terms

* tsismosa
* tsismoso

#### See also

* gawa-gawa
* intriga
* kana-kana
# համերաշխ
## Armenian
### Etymology

համ- (ham-) +‎ Old Armenian երաշխ (erašx)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /hɑmeˈɾɑʃχ/, [hɑmeɾɑ́ʃχ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /hɑmeˈɾɑʃχ/, [hɑmeɾɑ́ʃχ]

### Adjective

համերաշխ • (hamerašx) (superlative ամենահամերաշխ)
* solidary, united, unanimous, harmonious

#### Derived terms

* անհամերաշխ (anhamerašx)
* անհամերաշխություն (anhamerašxutʻyun)
* համերաշխաբար (hamerašxabar)
* համերաշխասեր (hamerašxaser)
* համերաշխել (hamerašxel)
* համերաշխորեն (hamerašxoren)
* համերաշխություն (hamerašxutʻyun)
* համերաշխում (hamerašxum)
# ῥήτωρ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ῥήτηρ (rhḗtēr) — Epic

### Etymology

Agent noun formation from εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”), synchronically analyzable as ῥή- (rhḗ-) +‎ -τωρ (-tōr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ɛ̌ː.tɔːr/ → /ˈri.tor/ → /ˈri.tor/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ɛ̌ː.tɔːr/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈre̝.tor/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈri.tor/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈri.tor/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈri.tor/

### Noun

ῥήτωρ • (rhḗtōr) m (genitive ῥήτορος, diminutive ῥητορίσκος); third declension
* orator, public speaker
* politician, statesman
* attorney, court advocate
* judge
* rhetorician

#### Derived terms

* ῥητορεία (rhētoreía, “oratory”)
* ῥητορεύω (rhētoreúō, “I speak publicly”)
* ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “oratorical, rhetoric”)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ρήτορας (rítoras)
* → Latin: rhētor
** → English: rhetor
** → French: rhéteur
** Italian: retore
** Sicilian: rituri
** → Spanish: rétor
* → Old Armenian: հռետոր (hṙetor)
* → Polish: retor
* → Russian: ритор (ritor)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥήτωρ, -ορος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1284

### Further reading

* “ῥήτωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ῥήτωρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ῥήτωρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* G4489 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. debater idem, page 199.orator idem, page 578.politician idem, page 625.professional idem, page 653.public idem, page 655.public speaker idem, page 655.rhetorician idem, page 712.speaker idem, page 799.statesman idem, page 812.
# سیستان
## Persian
### Etymology

From earlier سجستان (sajestân), from سکاستان (sakâstân), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎣𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (sakastāna). Akin to Latin Segestan, Sacastene.

### Proper noun

| Dari | سیستان |
| Iranian Persian | سیستان |
| Tajik | Систон |
سیستان • (sistân)
* Sistan, a province in eastern Iran.
* Sistan (a region of the eastern Iranian Plateau in Iran)
* (archaic) older name for the city of Zabol

#### Synonyms

* Synonyms: سکاستان (sakâstân), ساکاستان (sâkâstân), ساگستان (sâgestân), سجستان (sajestân), زابل (zâbol), زابلستان (zâbolestân), زاول (zâvol), زاولستان (zâvolestân), سالیان (sâlyân), سالستان (sâlestân), درنگیا (derangiyâ), درنگستان (derangestân), زرنگ (zerang), زرنگه (zerange), زرنج (zeranj), زرکه (zeraka), زرنکه (zeranka), نیمروز (nimruz), صیرئینکش (sira'inkaš)

#### Derived terms

* سیستانی (sistâni)
# kapal-kapal
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˌkapal ˈkapal/ [ˌkaː.pɐl ˈkaː.pɐl]
* Rhymes: -apal
* Syllabification: ka‧pal-ka‧pal

### Noun

kapal-kapal (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ᜃᜉᜎ᜔) (botany)
* crown flower (Calotropis gigantea)

#### Related terms

* kapal-kapal baging

### Further reading

* “kapal-kapal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# складнощі
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From складни́й (skladnýj) +‎ -ощі (-ošči).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈskɫadnɔʃt͡ʃʲi]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

скла́днощі • (skládnošči) m inan pl (genitive скла́днощів, plural only)
* complexities, complications, difficulties

#### Related terms

* складни́й (skladnýj)
* скла́дність f (skládnistʹ)

### Further reading

* “складнощі”, in Вільний тлумачний словник української мови [Free Explanatory Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), digital edition, 2013–2018
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “складнощі”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “складнощі”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “складнощі”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “складнощі”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “складнощі”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# tappugol
## Fula
### Alternative forms

* (Pulaar) tappude

### Etymology

From tapp- +‎ -u +‎ -gol.

### Verb

tappugol
* (transitive, Pular) to strike, hit, beat
* to type (a key on a keyboard)
* to castrate (an animal)

#### Related terms

* tappaandi
* tappaango
* tappagol
* tappegol
* tappirde
* tappirgal
* tappungal

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
* M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
# Pikangikum
## English
### Etymology

From Ojibwe ᐱᑳᐣᒋᑲᒦᐣᐠ.

### Proper noun

Pikangikum
* A village in Pikangikum 14, Kenora district, Northwestern Ontario, Northern Ontario, Ontario, Canada

#### Related terms

* Pikangikum 14
* Pikangikum 14 Reserve
* Pikangikum First Nation
* Pikangikum People
* Pikangikum Reserve
* Pikangikum Tribe
# dźwirze
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dvь̀rь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /d͡ʑvir̝ɛ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /d͡ʑvir̝ɛ/

### Noun

dźwirze nvir pl
* Alternative form of drzwi

#### Related terms

* dwór

#### Descendants

* Polish: dźwierze
* Silesian: dźwiyrze

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “dźwirze”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈd͡ʑvi.ʐɛ]
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑvi.r̝ɛ/

### Noun

dźwirze nvir pl
* (Żywiec, Przemyśl) Alternative form of drzwi

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “dźwirze”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 355
* Antoni Kalina, editor (1898), “dźwirze”, in Lud. Organ Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego we Lwowie (in Polish), volume 4, Lviv: Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze, page 307
* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “dźwirze”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 238
* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “dźwirze”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 333
# stremsel
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch stremsel. Equivalent to stremmen +‎ -sel. Cognate with West Frisian strjemsel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstrɛm.səl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: strem‧sel
* Rhymes: -ɛmsəl

### Noun

stremsel n (plural stremsels)
* rennet; an enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine
    Synonyms: leb, runsel
    Om kaas te maken heeft men stremsel nodig. ― You need rennet in order to make cheese.
** 1710, François Halma, Woordenboek der Nederduitsche en Fransche taalen:Stremsel. Zeker vogt dat men in de melk doet om ze te doen stremmen.Rennet. A certain fluid added to milk in order to make it curdle.
** Year unknown, Hermina Grolman, Eigen Volk, vol. 2, page 23.
    Dit stremsel bestond uit een aftreksel van nuchtere kalvermagen, kalverlebben genaamd.This rennet consisted of an infusion of abstemious calf stomachs called calf maws.
* (obsolete) any curdled liquid, especially milk
** 1657, Joost van den Vondel, “'De CXVIII. Harpzang'”, in De werken van Vondel. Deel 8. 1656-1660, page 516:Hun hart verhardt, als stremsel, zonder zegen...Their hearts hardened, like curdled milk, graceless...
** 1807, Johannes le Francq van Berkhey, Natuurlyke historie van Holland, vol. 6, publ. P. H. Trap, page 251.
    De jonge Kalveren, die altoos een soort van stremsel, ja zelfs stukken geronnen kaas, in de maag hebben...The young Calves, which always have a kind of curdled milk, yes, even chunks of clotted cheese in their stomachs...

#### Derived terms

* bloedstremsel
* kaasstremsel
* lebstremsel
* poederstremsel
* stremselfabriek
* stremselfabrikant

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stremsel

### References

* Matthias de Vries, Lambert Allard te Winkel (1864) “stremsel”, in Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, published 2001
# потрясіння
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From потрясти́ (potrjastý) +‎ -і́ння (-ínnja). Compare Russian потрясе́ние (potrjasénije).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɔtʲrʲɐˈsʲinʲːɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

потрясі́ння • (potrjasínnja) n inan (genitive потрясі́ння, nominative plural потрясі́ння, genitive plural потрясі́нь)
* (chiefly in the plural) shock, upheaval, commotion, convulsion (sudden violent upset, disruption)
* shock (sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance)
    Synonym: шок m (šok)
    нерво́ве потрясі́ння ― nervóve potrjasínnja ― nervous shock

#### Related terms

* потряса́ти impf (potrjasáty), потрясти́ pf (potrjastý)
* трясі́ння n (trjasínnja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “потрясіння”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “потрясіння”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “потрясіння”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “потрясіння”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “потрясіння”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “потрясіння”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# squirm
## English
### Etymology

First recorded 1690's, originally used of eels; cognate with Scots squimmer (“to wriggle, squirm”). Of uncertain origin. Compare dialectal quirm, whirm (“to disappear quickly, vanish suddenly and mysteriously”), Norwegian kverva (“to turn around, take away, remove, shrink”), from Old Norse hverfa (“to turn, vanish”). Alternatively, perhaps imitative or related to worm (in the sense of writhing movement) or swarm.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /skwɜːm/
* (General American) IPA: /skwɝm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)m

### Verb

squirm (third-person singular simple present squirms, present participle squirming, simple past and past participle squirmed)
* (intransitive) To twist one's body with snakelike motions.
    Synonyms: writhe, wriggle
    The prisoner managed to squirm out of the straitjacket.
** 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter IV, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:[…] around us there had sprung up a perfect bedlam of screams and hisses and a seething caldron of hideous reptiles, devoid of fear and filled only with hunger and with rage. They clambered, squirmed and wriggled to the deck, forcing us steadily backward, though we emptied our pistols into them.
** 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:"Throw it away, dear, do," she said, as they got into the road; but Jacob squirmed away from her […]
** 2011 February 5, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC‎:The Dutchman then missed a retaken second spot-kick, before the Trotters hit back when Daniel Sturridge's shot squirmed under Heurelho Gomes.
* (intransitive) To twist in discomfort, especially from shame or embarrassment.
    Synonym: fidget
    I recounted the embarrassing story in detail just to watch him squirm.
** 2010, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content 1686: Twist in the Wind‎:MARIGOLD: Should I tell them I know? DORA: Nah, let ’em squirm. Let’s go get some pie.
* To evade a question, an interviewer etc. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Derived terms

* asquirm
* squiggle
* squirmage
* squirmish
* squirmy

#### Translations
### Noun

squirm (plural squirms)
* A twisting, snakelike movement of the body.