# secundus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) +‎ -undus. The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /seˈkun.dus/, [s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /seˈkun.dus/, [seˈkun̪d̪us]

### Numeral

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum); first/second-declension numeral
* second, the ordinal number after prīmus (“first”) and before tertius (“third”)

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* secundī decennālēs

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: sekondë
* Catalan: segon, segó
* → English: second
* French: second, son
* Galician: segundo
* Italian: secondo
* Ladin: segondo
* Old Occitan: segon
** Occitan: segon
* Portuguese: segundo
* Romanian: secund
* Scots: seicont
* Spanish: segundo
* → Võro: sekond

### Adjective

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective
* next, following
    Synonym: posterior
* according to (with object in accusative case)
* second
* secondary, subordinate, inferior
    Synonym: posterior
* (nautical) favourable, fair (of weather, seas)
* (military) fortunate, lucky, victorious, successful (of battle--secundis proeliis)
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.29:Errare, si qui in bello omnes secundos rerum proventus exspectentIf whoever expects every events in the war to be favorable, erred
* (poetic) propitious, favorable, fortunate

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: segon, segó
* English: second (borrowed)
* French: second, son
* Italian: secondo
* Portuguese: segundo
* Romanian: secund
* Scots: seicont
* Sicilian: sicunnu
* Spanish: según, segundo

### Related terms

* secundārius
* sequī

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sequor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “secundus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 608
* ↑ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989. Volume XIV, page 825.

### Further reading

* “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* secundus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* secundus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium the dessert: secunda mensa (Att. 14. 6. 2) to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti (ambiguous) with the stream; downstream: flumine secundo
* “secundus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “secundus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray