# estimar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aestimāre. Compare also Old Catalan aesmar, from a Vulgar Latin *adaestimāre (see also the modern Catalan derivative esme).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.tiˈma]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.tiˈmaɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

estimar (first-person singular present estimo, first-person singular preterite estimí, past participle estimat)
* to love
    Synonyms: amar, voler
    T'estimo. ― I love you.
* to esteem
* to estimate

#### Derived terms

* estimar-se més
* sobreestimar
* subestimar

#### Related terms

* esme, esma
* estimació

### Further reading

* “estimar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “estimar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “estimar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “estimar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese estimar (13th century); borrowed from Latin aestimāre. Doublet of esmar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [es.ti.ˈmaɾ]

### Verb

estimar (first-person singular present estimo, first-person singular preterite estimei, past participle estimado)
* to estimate, appraise
** 1347, E. Duro Peña (ed.), El Monasterio de S. Pedro de Rocas y su colección documental. Ourense: Instituto de Estudios Orensanos "Padre Feijoo", page 192:
    se veer grando ou geada que seia estimado por dous lavradores da dita villa et por hun frade do dito mosteiroin case of hail or frost [the damage] must be appraised by two farmers of said town and a friar of said monastery
* to esteem; to thank, to be grateful for

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* estima
* estimábel
* estimación
* estimativo
* subestimar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estimar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “estim”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estimar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estimar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estimar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estimar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estimar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Ilocano
### Alternative forms

* estima
* istimar

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish estimar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔesˈtimaɾ/ [ʔesˈti.maɾ]
* Hyphenation: es‧ti‧mar

### Noun

estimár (Kur-itan spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜎ᜔)
* attention given to or entertainment of guest

#### Derived terms

* agestimar
* estimado
* estimaren
* naestimar

### References

* Rubino, Carl Ralph Galvez (2000) “estimar”, in Byron W. Bender, editor, Ilocano Dictionary and Grammar: Ilocano-English, English-Ilocano‎ (overall work in English and Ilocano), Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 188

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aestimāre. Doublet of esmar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃiˈma(h)], /es.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃiˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃiˈma(h)], /es.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃiˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.t͡ʃiˈma(ɾ)/, /es.t͡ʃiˈma(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [iʃ.t͡ʃiˈma(χ)], /eʃ.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [eʃ.t͡ʃiˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.t͡ʃiˈma(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tiˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tiˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tiˈma.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: es‧ti‧mar

### Verb

estimar (first-person singular present estimo, first-person singular preterite estimei, past participle estimado)
* to estimate
* to assess, evaluate, appraise
* to esteem

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aestimāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estiˈmaɾ/ [es.t̪iˈmaɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧ti‧mar

### Verb

estimar (first-person singular present estimo, first-person singular preterite estimé, past participle estimado)
* to esteem
* to estimate
* to think, to believe

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* autoestima
* estimado
* sobreestimar

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “estimar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “estimar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10