# 複

| 複 | U+8907, &#35079; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8907 |
| ← 褆 [U+8906] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 褈 → [U+8908] |

## Translingual
### Han character

複 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 中人日水 (LOAE), four-corner 3824$_7$, composition ⿰衤复)

#### Derived characters

* 𥵩

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1120, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34417
* Dae Jaweon: page 1587, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3103, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8907

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 複
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 愎 | *brɯɡ |
| 鍑 | *puɡs, *puɡ |
| 覆 | *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ |
| 復 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 椱 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 複 | *buɡs, *puɡ |
| 馥 | *brɯɡ, *buɡ |
| 腹 | *puɡ |
| 輹 | *puɡ, *buɡ |
| 蝮 | *pʰuɡ |
| 蕧 | *pʰuɡ, *buɡ |
| 复 | *buɡ |
| 鰒 | *buɡ |
| 澓 | *buɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *buɡs, *puɡ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “to return”) – lined garment.

### Etymology

Cognate with 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ, “to return; again”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over; to overturn”) is an aspiration causative/iterative form of 複 (OC *puɡ), hence literally "to make something double over".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
* Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): hók / bô
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok / ho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$
*** Yale: fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: fug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /xu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hók / bô
*** Sinological IPA : /houʔ²⁴/, /pou²⁴²/
* hók - literary;
* bô - vernacular "again".
* Middle Chinese: bjuwH, pjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 複 | 複 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 扶富切 | 方六切 |
| Baxter | bjuwH | pjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨu$^H$/ | /pɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biəu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buw$^H$/ | /puwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biu$^H$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭəu$^H$/ | /pĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /pi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fòu | fu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^6$ | fuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/, /*puɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 複 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)uk/ |
| English | double, lined (garment) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 複 | 複 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3539 | 3544 |
| Phonetic component | 复 | 复 |
| Rime group | 奧 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 復 | 福 |
| Old Chinese | /*buɡs/ | /*puɡ/ |

### Definitions

複
* (literary) lined garment
* to repeat; to double; to overlap
* duplicate; double; overlapping
* complex
* again
    複檢／复检 ― fùjiǎn ― to double-check

### Compounds

* 合義複詞 / 合义复词
* 山重水複 / 山重水复 (shān chóng shuǐ fù)
* 掌狀複葉 / 掌状复叶
* 煩複 / 烦复
* 繁複 / 繁复 (fánfù)
* 羽狀複葉 / 羽状复叶
* 衍聲複詞 / 衍声复词
* 複元音 / 复元音 (fùyuányīn)
* 複分解 / 复分解 (fùfēnjiě)
* 複利 / 复利 (fùlì)
* 複利法 / 复利法
* 複利計算 / 复利计算
* 複印 / 复印 (fùyìn)
* 複印品 / 复印品
* 複印機 / 复印机 (fùyìnjī)
* 複句 / 复句 (fùjù)
* 複合 / 复合 (fùhé)
* 複合企業 / 复合企业
* 複合元音 / 复合元音
* 複合光 / 复合光
* 複合命題 / 复合命题
* 複合國 / 复合国
* 複合攝影 / 复合摄影
* 複名數 / 复名数
* 複合材料 / 复合材料 (fùhé cáiliào)
* 複合概念 / 复合概念
* 複合樣式 / 复合样式
* 複合肥料 / 复合肥料
* 複合詞 / 复合词 (fùhécí)
* 複合量詞 / 复合量词
* 複合韻母 / 复合韵母
* 複品牌 / 复品牌
* 複壁 / 复壁
* 複姓 / 复姓 (fùxìng)
* 複婚制 / 复婚制
* 複寫 / 复写 (fùxiě)
* 複審 / 复审 (fùshěn)
* 複寫紙 / 复写纸 (fùxiězhǐ)
* 複式 / 复式 (fùshì)
* 複式教學 / 复式教学
* 複式編制 / 复式编制
* 複式路面 / 复式路面
* 複式關稅 / 复式关税
* 複意 / 复意
* 複拍子 / 复拍子 (fùpāizi)
* 複數 / 复数 (fùshù)
* 複方 / 复方 (fùfāng)
* 複本 / 复本 (fùběn)
* 複本位制 / 复本位制
* 複果 / 复果
* 複查 / 复查 (fùchá)
* 複核 / 复核 (fùhé)
* 複根 / 复根
* 複檢 / 复检 (fùjiǎn)
* 複比 / 复比
* 複決 / 复决
* 複決權 / 复决权
* 複眼 / 复眼 (fùyǎn)
* 複視 / 复视 (fùshì)
* 複種 / 复种
* 複稱 / 复称
* 複穴 / 复穴
* 複綜語 / 复综语
* 複線 / 复线 (fùxiàn)
* 複習 / 复习 (fùxí)
* 複肥 / 复肥
* 複色光 / 复色光
* 複葉 / 复叶 (fùyè)
* 複製 / 复制 (fùzhì)
* 複製品 / 复制品 (fùzhìpǐn)
* 複襦 / 复襦
* 複診 / 复诊 (fùzhěn)
* 複詞 / 复词
* 複試 / 复试 (fùshì)
* 複誦 / 复诵
* 複調 / 复调 (fùdiào)
* 複議 / 复议
* 複賽 / 复赛 (fùsài)
* 複輔音 / 复辅音 (fùfǔyīn)
* 複述 / 复述 (fùshù)
* 複道 / 复道 (fùdào)
* 複選 / 复选 (fùxuǎn)
* 複閣 / 复阁
* 複雜 / 复杂
* 複雜勞動 / 复杂劳动
* 複音 / 复音 (fùyīn)
* 複音詞 / 复音词
* 複韻母 / 复韵母
* 複頻 / 复频
* 複鹽 / 复盐 (fùyán)
* 重複 / 重复 (chóngfù)
* 重複課稅 / 重复课税
* 重見複出 / 重见复出
* 錯綜複雜 / 错综复杂 (cuòzōngfùzá)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
* Kun: かさねる (kasaneru, 複ねる)、ふたたび (futatabi, 複)

#### Compounds

* Kanji in this term
* 複
* ふく Grade: 5
* on'yomi
* 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen, “duopoly”)
* 複雑(ふくざつ) (fukuzatsu, “complicated”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

### Noun

複(ふく) • (fuku)
* Short for 複試合.
* Short for 複勝式.

### Prefix

複(ふく) • (fuku-)
* diplo-, double

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC pjuwk).

#### Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 복 (gyeopchil bok))
* hanja form of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC bjuwH).

#### Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 부 (gyeopchil bu))
* hanja form of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

複: Hán Nôm readings: phức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.