OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 膛

| 膛 | U+819B, &#33179; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819B |
| ← 膚 [U+819A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膜 → [U+819C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月火月土 (BFBG), four-corner 7921$_4$, composition ⿰月堂)
* chest
* hollow space, cavity

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 992, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29831
* Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2107, character 6
* Unihan data for U+819B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : phonetic 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “flesh, meat”) + semantic 堂.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): táng (tang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thòng
    (Hailu, HRS): tong
* Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tông / tn̂g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻang$^2$
*** Yale: táng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
*** Palladius: тан (tan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tong$^4$
*** Yale: tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
*** Sinological IPA : /touŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
*** Tâi-lô: tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dngg
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

### Definitions

膛
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Compounds

* 上膛 (shàngtáng)
* 前膛
* 挺起胸膛
* 槍膛 / 枪膛 (qiāngtáng)
* 死膛兒 / 死膛儿
* 灰膛
* 爐膛 / 炉膛
* 線膛 / 线膛
* 胸膛 (xiōngtáng)
* 膛炸
* 膛線 / 膛线 (tángxiàn)
* 臉膛兒 / 脸膛儿 (liǎntángr)
* 藥膛 / 药膛
* 鎗膛 / 枪膛
* 開膛 / 开膛 (kāitáng)
* 頂膛火 / 顶膛火

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

膛: Hán Nôm readings: thang, đường
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# tucutucos
## English
### Noun

tucutucos
* plural of tucutuco

## Spanish
### Noun

tucutucos
* plural of tucutuco
# vexata quaestio
## English
### Alternative forms

* quaestio vexata
* vexata quæstio

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vexata quaestio.

### Noun

vexata quaestio (plural vexatae quaestiones)
* A vexed, unresolved, or intractable question.
** 1819, Hansard‎, column 1275:On entering upon this question, he states it to be one of great difficulty—a vexata quaestio as it were, and one which had at all times much divided, and at the time he wrote, still continued to divide the opinions of great jurists.
** 1991, Carmen Pensado, “How was Leonese Vulgar Latin Read?”, in Roger Wright, editor, Latin and the Roman Languages in the Middle Ages, page 190:It may actually boil down to the vexata quaestio of how different must language varieties become in order to be considered independent.
** 2010, Samantha Velluti, New Governance and the European Employment Strategy:European intervention in the social sphere—and annexed questions such as why, to what extent and in what way—has long been a vexata quaestio.

## Latin
### Etymology

From vexata (“vexed”) + quaestio (“question”).

### Phrase

vēxāta quaestiō f (genitive vēxātae quaestiōnis); third declension
* A vexed, unresolved, or intractable question.

#### Declension

First-declension noun with a third-declension noun.
# cao lương mỹ vị
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* cao lương mĩ vị

### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 膏粱 (“rich food”) and 美味 (“delicacy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧ mi˦ˀ˥ vi˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧ mɪj˧˨ vɪj˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧ mɪj˨˩˦ vɪj˨˩˨] ~ [kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧ mɪj˨˩˦ jɪj˨˩˨]

### Noun

cao lương mỹ vị
* (historical) a luxurious delicacy; gourmet food
# Kammratte
## German
### Etymology

Kamm +‎ Ratte

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkamˌʁatə/

### Noun

Kammratte f (genitive Kammratte, plural Kammratten)
* tuco-tuco
    Synonym: Tukotuko
# proselytism
## English
### Etymology

From proselyte +‎ -ism.

### Noun

proselytism (countable and uncountable, plural proselytisms)
* The practice of proselytizing.
* The state of being a proselyte.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:proselytism.

#### Related terms

* proselyte
* proselytic
* proselytisation, proselytization
* proselytise, proselytize
* proselytiser, proselytizer
# 小節
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎojié
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ zit$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sió-chiat / sió-chat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎojié
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎojié
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: syǎu-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaujye
*** Palladius: сяоцзе (sjaocze)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$小節 / 小节 小結 / 小结
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ zit$^3$
*** Yale: síu jit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ dzit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ jid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ t͡siːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-chiat
*** Tâi-lô: sió-tsiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioyciad
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-chat
*** Tâi-lô: sió-tsat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioyzad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sat̚³²/

### Noun

小節
* trivial matter
* (music) bar; measure
* paragraph; small passage

#### Synonyms

* (trivial matter):
* 字眼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 末節 / 末节 (mòjié)
* 瑣事 / 琐事 (suǒshì)
* 細節 / 细节 (xìjié)
* 詳情 / 详情 (xiángqíng)

#### Derived terms

* 不修小節 / 不修小节
* 不守小節 / 不守小节
* 不完全小節 / 不完全小节
* 不拘小節 / 不拘小节 (bùjūxiǎojié)
* 小節目 / 小节目
* 小節線 / 小节线

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 節 |
| こ Grade: 1 | ふし > ぶし Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 小節 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 節(ふし) (fushi, “node; section; melody”).
First cited to a text from 1633.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こぶし [kòbúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

小(こ)節(ぶし) • (kobushi)
* [from 1633] a small knot in wood; lumber or timber with small knots
* [from 1872] a small piece of 鰹節 (katsuo-bushi, “hard-dried skipjack tuna”)
* [from 1902] (singing) a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma
    小(こ)節(ぶし)を回(まわ)す
       kobushi o mawasu
       to use melisma in the melody

##### See also

* ぐいん (guin, “a Ryukyuan type of melisma”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 節 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | せつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 小節 (kyūjitai)

#### Noun

小(しょう)節(せつ) • (shōsetsu)
* a small part of a matter
* petty morality
* a short pause
* (music) a bar, a measure

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 小 | 節 |

### Noun

小節
* chữ Hán form of tiểu tiết (“trivia”).
# İhsan
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish احسان (İhsân), from Arabic إِحْسَان (ʔiḥsān), from أَحْسَنَ (ʔaḥsana, “to do or act well, to do or act right”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ihˈsan/
* Hyphenation: İh‧san

### Proper noun

İhsan
* a female given name from Arabic
* a male given name from Arabic
# qwertyuiop
## English
### Adjective

qwertyuiop (not comparable)
* Alternative form of QWERTYUIOP
# Gladiator
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlaˈdi̯aːtoːɐ̯/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Gladiator m (mixed, genitive Gladiators, plural Gladiatoren, feminine Gladiatorin)
* gladiator (male or of unspecified gender)

#### Derived terms

* Gladiator-Laubfrosch
* Gladiatoren-Arena
* Gladiatoren-Dasein
* Gladiatoren-Fries
* Gladiatoren-Gimmick
* Gladiatoren-Mosaik
* Gladiatoren-Mythos
* Gladiatoren-Outfit
* Gladiatoren-Rennen
* Gladiatoren-Sklave
* Gladiatoren-Sklavin
* Gladiatoren-Spot
* Gladiatoren-Szenario
* Gladiatorenarena
* Gladiatorenarzt
* Gladiatorenärztin
* Gladiatorenausbilder
* Gladiatorenausbilderin
* Gladiatorenbaracke
* Gladiatorendasein
* Gladiatorenduell
* Gladiatorenfest
* Gladiatorenfestspiel
* Gladiatorenfilm
* Gladiatorenfriedhof
* Gladiatorenfries
* Gladiatorengattung
* Gladiatorengimmick
* Gladiatorengroschen
* Gladiatorenhaus
* Gladiatorenhelm
* Gladiatorenkampf
* Gladiatorenkampfszene
* Gladiatorenkaserne
* Gladiatorenklasse
* Gladiatorenkostüm
* Gladiatorenmaske
* Gladiatorenmeister
* Gladiatorenmeisterin
* Gladiatorenmonument
* Gladiatorenmosaik
* Gladiatorenmotiv
* Gladiatorenmythos
* Gladiatorenoutfit
* Gladiatorenpaar
* Gladiatorenpaarung
* Gladiatorenrelief
* Gladiatorenrennen
* Gladiatorenschar
* Gladiatorenschauspiel
* Gladiatorenschule
* Gladiatorensklave
* Gladiatorensklavin
* Gladiatorenspiel
* Gladiatorenspot
* Gladiatorenszenario
* gladiatorenszenisch
* Gladiatorentrainer
* Gladiatorentrainerin
* Gladiatorentruppe
* Gladiatorentum
* Gladiatorentyp
* Gladiatorentypus
* Gladiatorenwerk
* Gladiatorenwesen
* Gladiatorenzug
* Gladiatorenzweikampf
* Gladiatorlaubfrosch
* TV-Gladiator
* TV-Gladiatorin

#### Related terms

* gladiatorisch (“gladiatorial, gladiatorially”)
* Gladiatur (“gladiature, gladiatorial contest”)

### Further reading

* “Gladiator” in Duden online
# svenne
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzven.ne/, /ˈzvɛn.ne/
* Rhymes: -enne, -ɛnne
* Hyphenation: svén‧ne, svèn‧ne

### Verb

svenne
* third-person singular past historic of svenire

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* svenne banan, svennebanan

### Etymology

Used by immigrants in Sweden in reference to ethnic Swedes. It originates from a nickname for Sven.$^{[citationneeded]}$

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsvɛnːɛ/

### Noun

svenne c
* (colloquial, mildly ethnic slur, sometimes derogatory or humorous) an ethnic/native Swede (as opposed to someone with an immigrant background)
    Är han svenne?Is he an [ethnic/native] Swede? [see vara for why there is no particle]
    en fest med en massa svennara party with a bunch of [ethnic/native] Swedes
    en typisk svennea typical [ethnic/native] Swede

#### Usage notes

Has acquired or developed two different meanings, which sometimes merge. One meaning refers to ethnicity, merely indicating that the individual referred to is an ethnic Swede, and the second meaning indicating that the individual referred to is boring, shy and habitually reserved, in reference to the stereotypical behavior of ethnic Swedes. Because the latter sense is actually a common viewpoint in Sweden, both meanings combined or merged are sometimes used by ethnic Swedes, often ironically.

#### Derived terms

* svennebög
* svennehora
* svennerasist

#### Related terms

* svennig

### See also

* blatte
* medelsvensson
* osvensk
* rinkebysvenska
* suedi
* sven
* Sven
* Svenne
* svensk
* svenska

### References

* svenne in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* svenne in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* svenne in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Slangopedia

### Anagrams

* venens
# İrfan
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish عرفان (İrfân), from Arabic عِرْفَان (ʕirfān).

### Proper noun

İrfan
* a male given name from Arabic
* a female given name from Arabic
# samband
## Faroese
### Etymology

sam- +‎ band

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsampant/

### Noun

samband n (genitive singular sambands, plural sambond)
* connection, contact
* relation
* context
* the Unionist Party Sambandsflokkurin
* union, federation

#### Derived terms

* fjarskiftissamband
* fótbóltssamband
* internetsamband
* telefonsamband

#### Related terms

* felag
* fjarskifti
* fjarskiftiskervi
* samfelag
* samskifti
* samskipan

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse samband, from Proto-Germanic *sambandą, from Proto-Indo-European *som-bʰondʰ-ó-m, from *som- (“together”) +‎ *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”) +‎ *-ós. Equivalent to sam- (“together”) +‎ band (“connection, binding”). Cognate with Sanskrit सम्बन्ध m (sambandhá, “connection, binding”), Ossetian ӕмбонд (æmbond, “fence”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsampant/

### Noun

samband n (genitive singular sambands, nominative plural sambönd)
* connection, relation, rapport
* relationship
* union, federation
* (chemistry) compound

#### Derived terms

* fara alveg úr sambandi
* hafa samband við
* ná sambandi við
* sambandsleysi
* setja í sambandi
* símasamband
* taka úr sambandi
* vera í sambandi

### Further reading

* “samband” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From sam- +‎ band.

### Noun

samband n (definite singular sambandet, indefinite plural samband, definite plural sambanda or sambandene)
* communication (e.g. by radio)
* connection
* relations (e.g. diplomatic)
* union

#### Derived terms

* ferjesamband
* Sambandsstatene (“the United States (of America)”)

### References

* “samband” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

sam- +‎ band, from Old Norse samband

### Noun

samband n (definite singular sambandet, indefinite plural samband, definite plural sambanda)
* communication (e.g. by radio)
* connection
* relations (e.g. diplomatic)
* union

#### Derived terms

* ferjesamband
* Sambandsstatane (“the United States (of America)”)

### References

* “samband” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

sam- +‎ band

### Noun

samband n
* connection, relation, link (how things may be associated)
    Finns det ett samband mellan rökning och cancer?Is there a link between smoking and cancer?
** (in "i samband med") in connection with
    Många tvingades avgå i samband med skandalenMany were forced to resign in connection with the scandal
* (military) communication, liaison
    sambandscentralcommand center / dispatch center
    sambandsofficerliaison officer

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | samband | sambands |
| singular | definite | sambandet | sambandets |
| plural | indefinite | samband | sambands |
| plural | definite | sambanden | sambandens |

#### See also

* länk

### References

* samband in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* samband in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* samband in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# Witwer
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Witwer.

### Proper noun

Witwer (plural Witwers)
* A surname from German.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Witwer is the 33695th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 676 individuals. Witwer is most common among White (95.86%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Witwer”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German witewære, witewer, witwer, from Old High German wituwo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɪtvɐ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Witwer m (strong, genitive Witwers, plural Witwer, feminine Witwe)
* widower
    Synonyms: Verwitweter, Witiber, (Bavarian, Austrian) Witmann, Wittiber

#### Derived terms

* Dreifach-Witwer
* Dreifachwitwer
* Verwitwern
* verwitwern
* Verwitwerung
* Witwerrente
* Witwerschaft
* Witwersein
* Witwerstand
* Witwertum
* Zweifach-Witwer
* Zweifachwitwer

#### Related terms

* verwitwet
* Verwitwung
* Witfrau
* Witib
* Wittib
* Witwenschaft
* Witwenstand
* Witwentum
* Witwesein
* Witwewerden

### Further reading

* “Witwer” in Duden online
* “Witwer” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# medicin
## English
### Noun

medicin (plural medicins)
* Obsolete spelling of medicine.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin medicīnus.

### Noun

medicin c (singular definite medicinen, plural indefinite mediciner)
* (uncountable) medicine
* medicine, drug (a substance which promotes healing)

#### Declension
### References

* “medicin” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Middle French
### Noun

medicin m (plural medicins)
* medical doctor, doctor, physician (a medical professional)

#### Descendants

* French: médecin

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Latin medicīna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛdɪˈsiːn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

medicin c
* (uncountable) medicine (the art of curing illness)
* (also collectively) a medicine, a drug
    Synonym: läkemedel
    ta medicin för någottake medicine for something

#### Usage notes

Compare drog, which leans heavily towards illegal recreational drugs in Swedish.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | medicin | medicins |
| singular | definite | medicinen | medicinens |
| plural | indefinite | mediciner | mediciners |
| plural | definite | medicinerna | medicinernas |

#### Derived terms

* allmänmedicin
* alternativmedicin
* biomedicin
* folkmedicin
* internmedicin
* livmedikus
* medicinalråd
* medicinalväxt
* medicinman
* medicinsk
* medicinstudium
* medicinteknisk
* rättsmedicin
* självmedicinera
* skolmedicin
* veterinärmedicin

#### Related terms

* medicinare
* medicinera
* medicinering
* medikus

### References

* medicin in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* medicin in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* medicin in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH
# ∭

| ∭ | U+222D, &#8749; TRIPLE INTEGRAL |
| ← ∬ [U+222C] | Mathematical Operators | ∮ → [U+222E] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

* (mathematics) triple integral (an integral over three variables).

#### Related terms
### See also

* Triple integral on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# ∰

| ∰ | U+2230, &#8752; VOLUME INTEGRAL |
| ← ∯ [U+222F] | Mathematical Operators | ∱ → [U+2231] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

* (mathematics) a volume integral (a contour integral over three variables).
# paulus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* paullus

### Etymology

From earlier paullus, likely from Proto-Italic *paukslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) + *-ko- + *-slom, the first two elements also giving Latin paucus (“few”).
Against this, De Vaan (2008) notes that "the suffix *-slo- is otherwise only used for instrument nouns, and only after consonant stems; both are reasons to reject a preform *pauk-slo- derived from *pau-ko-", and quotes Thurneysen (1907: 177) as deriving it from Proto-Italic *paurelos, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂uros, also from *peh₂w-.
However, the regular development of the cluster /wr/ is metathesis, as in parvus, and just this is attested in parvulus. It's difficult to envision a split outcome of metathesis for the base form and its morphologically transparent diminutive (cf. the systematic parallels above). The "instrument nouns" objection can be countered with the striking parallel in pullus (“animal young”) :: pusillus (“tiny”) and by the cross-linguistic tendency to refer to the young with neuter or otherwise objectifying nouns (cf. German -chen); the precise meaning of the suffix also need not have been an instrument.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpau̯.lus/, [ˈpäu̯ɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpau̯.lus/, [ˈpäːu̯lus]

### Adjective

paulus (feminine paula, neuter paulum, adverb paulō); first/second-declension adjective
* little, small

#### Usage notes

Used especially pertaining to size.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Synonyms

* (small): parvus

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “small”): avidus, immānis, ingēns, magnus, vāstus

#### Derived terms

* paulātim
* Paulīna
* Paulīnus
* paulīnus
* paulīsper
* paulō
* paululātim
* paululō
* paululus
* paulum
* Paulus

### References

* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “paucus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450
* ↑ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 177

### Further reading

* “paulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “paulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* paulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* paulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) the delivery is rather halting, poor: actio paulum claudicat
* “paulus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “paulus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
# rasë
## Albanian
### Etymology

A phonetic variant of rast, a Turkish loanword, influenced by ra, aoristic stem of bie (“to fall”).

### Noun

rasë f (plural rasa, definite rasa, definite plural rasat)
* (grammar) grammatical case
    Synonym: rënie

#### Declension
### See also

* (Albanian cases)
* dhanore (“dative”) (dativ)
* emërore (“nominative”) (nominativ)
* gjinore (“gentive”) (gjenitiv)
* kallëzore (“accusative”) (akuzativ)
* rrjedhore (“ablative”) (ablativ)
* thirrore (“vocative”) (vokativ)
* vendore (“locative”) (lokativ)

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rasë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

### Further reading

* “rasë”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980
* “rasë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Newmark, L. (1999) “rasë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# grade sixer
## English
### Etymology

From grade six +‎ -er.

### Noun

grade sixer (plural grade sixers)
* (Canada) Synonym of sixth grader

#### Coordinate terms

* grade oner
* grade twoer
* grade three-er
* grade fourer
* grade fiver
* grade sevener
* grade eighter
* grade niner
* grade tener
* grade elevener
* grade twelver
* grade thirteener

#### See also

* grade six, grade 6
* sixth grade