# roten
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈro.tən]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈro.ten]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

roten
* third-person plural present indicative of rotar (“to belch”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

roten
* third-person plural present indicative of rotar (“to rotate, to turn”)

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch roten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.tə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ro‧ten
* Rhymes: -oːtən

### Verb

roten
* (ergative, of flax, hemp, jute, etc.) to ret (to soak in water to prepare for further processing)

#### Conjugation
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʁoːtn̩/, /ˈʁoːtən/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

roten
* inflection of rot:
** strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
** weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
** strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
** strong dative plural
** weak/mixed all-case plural

## Japanese
### Romanization

roten
* Rōmaji transcription of ろてん

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English rotian, from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną.

#### Alternative forms

* roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn
* rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔtən/, /ˈrɔːtən/

#### Verb

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle roted)
* To decompose; to make or become rotten or spoiled:
** To become toxic or noxious (of gas or liquid)
** To putrefy; to become or make infected or gangrenous (in the body).
** (rare) To become rusty; to develop a layer of rust.
* To morally degenerate or decay; to become sinful.
* To languish; to become weak or feeble due to imprisonment.
* To disappear; to lose presence, existence, or vitality.
* (of clothing) To become tattered, ragged, or old.
* (rare) To steep; to immerse in fluid.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) roten, rote | (to) roten, rote |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | rote | roted |
| 2nd-person singular | rotest | rotedest |
| 3rd-person singular | roteth | roted |
| subjunctive singular | rote | roted$^1$ |
| imperative singular | rote | — |
| plural$^2$ | roten, rote | roteden, rotede |
| imperative plural | roteth, rote | — |
| participles | rotynge, rotende | roted, roten |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Related terms

* rot
* rotennesse
* rotidnes
* rotnesse
* rotynge
* rotyngnesse

##### Descendants

* English: rot
* Scots: rot
* Yola: rothed, rotheda, rothyed (adj)

##### References

* “rō̆ten, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

### Etymology 2

From rote (“root”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* rooten, rote, rotyn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːtən/

#### Verb

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle roted)
* To put out roots; to start growing..
* To settle or fix; to put in a permanent state.
* To begin or institute; to cause to settle or fix.
* To place a value or belief into one's mind.
* To link or connect; to make an attachment.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) roten, rote | (to) roten, rote |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | rote | roted |
| 2nd-person singular | rotest | rotedest |
| 3rd-person singular | roteth | roted |
| subjunctive singular | rote | roted |
| imperative singular | rote | — |
| plural$^1$ | roten, rote | roteden, rotede |
| imperative plural | roteth, rote | — |
| participles | rotynge, rotende | roted, yroted |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: root
* Scots: ruit

##### References

* “rọ̄ten, v.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).

#### Alternative forms

* roote, rooten, rote, roton, rottyn, rotun, rotyn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔtən/, /ˈrɔːtən/, /ˈrɔːt(ə)/

#### Adjective

roten
* Rotten or spoiled (usually of animal or plant matter):
** (rare) Toxic, noxious (of gas or liquid)
** (rare) Collapsing or decomposing into pieces; falling apart.
* Gangrenous, infected (having necrosis or putrefaction)
** a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 37:4-6”, in Wycliffe's Bible:Noon helthe is in my fleiſch fro the face of thin ire; no pees is to my boonys fro the face of my ſynnes. / For my wickidneſſis ben goon ouer myn heed; as an heuy birthun, tho ben maad heuy on me. / Myn heelid woundis weren rotun, and ben brokun; fro the face of myn vnwiſdom.No health is in my body due to the nature of your anger; no rest is in my bones due to my sinful behaviour. / For my wickedness has utterly enveloped me, like a heavy load that has weighed on me. / My healed wounds were festering, and have burst from the nature of my mistakes.
* Evil, sinful; morally retrograde.
* (rare) Elderly, aged (of people)
* (rare) Devastated; damaged beyond repair.

##### Descendants

* English: rotten
* Scots: rotten

##### References

* “rō̆ten, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.
* “rōte, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

### Etymology 4

From rote (“root”) +‎ -en (plural ending).

#### Noun

roten
* plural of rote (“root”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* rota

### Noun

roten m or f
* definite masculine singular of rot

## Spanish
### Verb

roten
* inflection of rotar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

## Swedish
### Noun

roten
* definite singular of rot

### Anagrams

* noter, orent, orten, toner

## Zazaki
### Verb

roten
* to sell
* to shape sth. by cutting it; to chisel; to hew; to whittle