# 強姦
## Chinese

| | | strength; force; powerstrength; force; power; powerful; better | adultery |
| trad. (強姦/強奸/强姦/强奸) | trad. (強姦/強奸/强姦/强奸) | 強/强 | 姦/奸 |
| simp. (强奸) | simp. (强奸) | 强 | 奸 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiángjiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng$^4$ gaan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiòng-kiên / khiòng-kiân
* Eastern Min (BUC): giòng-găng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiông-kan / kiâng-kan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang$^5$ gang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiángjiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciángjian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^2$-chien$^1$
*** Yale: chyáng-jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangjian
*** Palladius: цянцзянь (cjanczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: koeng$^4$ gaan$^1$
*** Yale: kèuhng gāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koeng$^4$ gaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kêng$^4$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰœːŋ²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng-kiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiong$^ˇ$ gien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiong$^2$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹ ki̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng-kiân
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiong$^ˇ$ gian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiong$^2$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹ ki̯an²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giòng-găng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-kan
*** Tâi-lô: kiông-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongkafn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kan³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-kan
*** Tâi-lô: kiâng-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiangkafn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ²³⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiang$^5$ gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

### Verb

強姦
* (transitive) to rape (to force sexual intercourse upon someone)
* (transitive, figuratively) to impose one's beliefs or thoughts upon other people against their will
    強姦民意／强奸民意 ― qiángjiān mínyì ― to impose opinion upon popular will (literally, “to rape popular opinion”)
    From: 1951 May 17, 賈霽 (Jia Ji), 《不足爲訓的武訓》, in People's Daily, →ISSN, page 3
    Yǐ xìjù gòuchéng xíngshì qiángjiān rénwù sīxiǎng nèiróng de gèng xiǎnzhù de dìfāng shì zuòmèng nà jǐ chǎng xì. Wǔ Xùn de yòunián fēnmíng yǐjīng yǒuzhe le duìyú shízì de kěwàng, wèi shénme yīdìng hái yào dào dìyù lǐ qù huànyóu yīxià cái yǒu suǒwèi jiàowù ne? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 姦污 / 奸污 (jiānwū)
* 姦淫 / 奸淫 (jiānyín)
* 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
* 施暴 (shībào)
* 玷污 (diànwū) (euphemistic)
* 糟蹋 (zāotà)

#### Derived terms

* 強姦文化 / 强奸文化 (qiángjiān wénhuà)
* 強姦民意 / 强奸民意
* 強姦犯 / 强奸犯 (qiángjiānfàn)
* 強姦罪 / 强奸罪
* 法定強姦 / 法定强奸 (fǎdìng qiángjiān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 強姦(ごうかん) (gōkan)
* → Korean: 강간(強姦) (ganggan)
* → Vietnamese: cưỡng gian (強姦)

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “force”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 113

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 強 | 姦 |
| ごう Grade: 2 | かん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごーかん [gòókáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡo̞ːkã̠ɴ]

### Noun

強(ごう)姦(かん) • (gōkan)
* rape

#### Synonyms

* 暴(ぼう)行(こう) (bōkō) (euphemistic)
* 強(ごう)淫(いん) (gōin)

#### Coordinate terms

* 和姦(わかん) (wakan)

#### Derived terms

* 強(ごう)姦(かん)罪(ざい) (gōkanzai, “(crime of) rape; criminal assault​”)
* 強(ごう)姦(かん)致(ち)死(し)傷(しょう)罪(ざい) (gōkan chishishōzai, “(crime of) rape (or attempted rape) resulting in death or injury”)
* 強(ごう)姦(かん)致(ち)傷(しょう) (gōkan chishō)
* 準(じゅん)強(ごう)姦(かん) (jungōkan)
* 集(しゅう)団(だん)強(ごう)姦(かん) (shūdan gōkan)
* 準(じゅん)強(ごう)姦(かん)容(よう)疑(ぎ) (jungōkan yōgi)
* 準(じゅん)強(ごう)姦(かん)の容(よう)疑(ぎ) (jungōkan no yōgi)
* 集(しゅう)団(だん)強(ごう)姦(かん)罪(ざい) (shūdan gōkanzai)
* 集(しゅう)団(だん)強(ごう)姦(かん)致(ち)死(し)傷(しょう)罪(ざい) (shūdan gōkan chishishōzai)
* 準(じゅん)強(ごう)姦(かん)罪(ざい) (jungōkanzai)
* 強(ごう)姦(かん)致(ち)傷(しょう)罪(ざい) (gōkan chishōzai)
* 強(ごう)姦(かん)犯(はん) (gōkanhan, “rapist”)
* 強(ごう)姦(かん)魔(ま) (gōkanma, “rapist; rape fiend”)

### Verb

強(ごう)姦(かん)する • (gōkan suru) suru (stem 強(ごう)姦(かん)し (gōkan shi), past 強(ごう)姦(かん)した (gōkan shita))
* to rape

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 強姦し | ごうかんし | gōkan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 強姦し | ごうかんし | gōkan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 強姦する | ごうかんする | gōkan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 強姦する | ごうかんする | gōkan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 強姦すれ | ごうかんすれ | gōkan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 強姦せよ¹ 強姦しろ² | ごうかんせよ¹ ごうかんしろ² | gōkan seyo¹ gōkan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 強姦される | ごうかんされる | gōkan sareru |
| Causative | 強姦させる 強姦さす | ごうかんさせる ごうかんさす | gōkan saseru gōkan sasu |
| Potential | 強姦できる | ごうかんできる | gōkan dekiru |
| Volitional | 強姦しよう | ごうかんしよう | gōkan shiyō |
| Negative | 強姦しない | ごうかんしない | gōkan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 強姦せず | ごうかんせず | gōkan sezu |
| Formal | 強姦します | ごうかんします | gōkan shimasu |
| Perfective | 強姦した | ごうかんした | gōkan shita |
| Conjunctive | 強姦して | ごうかんして | gōkan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 強姦すれば | ごうかんすれば | gōkan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 強 | 姦 |

### Noun

強姦 • (ganggan) (hangeul 강간)
* hanja form of 강간 (“rape”)