# 親切
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīnqiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄑㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): can$^1$ cit$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhiet
    (Hailu, HRS): cin$^ˋ$ cied
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhin-chhiat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cing$^1$ ciag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄑㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cinciè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$-chʻieh$^4$
*** Yale: chīn-chyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinchieh
*** Palladius: циньце (cinʹce)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^1$ cit$^3$
*** Yale: chān chit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^1$ tsit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^1$ qid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhiet
*** Hakka Romanization System: qin$^ˊ$ qied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qin$^1$ qiad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ t͡sʰi̯et̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cin$^ˋ$ cied
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡sʰiet⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhiat
*** Tâi-lô: tshin-tshiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chinchiad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cing$^1$ ciag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing tshiak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiak̚²/
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Chaozhou cing1 ciêg4?”

### Adjective

親切
* close (to someone); dear (to someone's heart); near and dear
* kind; cordial; amiable

#### Synonyms

* (close):
* 同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
* 周密 (zhōumì) (literary, of dealings)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 火熱 / 火热 (huǒrè)
* 熱和 / 热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
* 熱火 / 热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
* 知心 (zhīxīn)
* 緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
* 親善 / 亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
* 親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
* 親熱 / 亲热 (qīnrè)
* 親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
* 貼己 / 贴己 (tiējǐ)
* 貼身 / 贴身 (tiēshēn)
* 近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
* 過心 / 过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
* 體己 / 体己
* (cordial):
* 允 (Classical Chinese)
* 實在 / 实在
* 實誠 / 实诚 (shíchéng) (colloquial)
* 悃誠 / 悃诚 (kǔnchéng) (literary)
* 慥慥 (zàozào) (literary)
* 懇切 / 恳切 (kěnqiè)
* 殷切 (yīnqiè)
* 熱誠 / 热诚 (rèchéng)
* 真心 (zhēnxīn)
* 真摯 / 真挚 (zhēnzhì)
* 真誠 / 真诚 (zhēnchéng)
* 老實 / 老实 (lǎoshí)
* 虔心 (qiánxīn)
* 誠信 / 诚信 (chéngxìn)
* 誠實 / 诚实 (chéngshí)
* 誠心 / 诚心 (chéngxīn)
* 誠懇 / 诚恳 (chéngkěn)
* 誠摯 / 诚挚 (chéngzhì)
* 諄諄 / 谆谆 (zhūnzhūn) (of teaching)
* 赤忱 (chìchén) (literary)
* 赤誠 / 赤诚 (chìchéng)

#### Derived terms

* 倍感親切 / 倍感亲切
* 親切感 / 亲切感

#### Related terms

* 深厚 (shēnhòu)
* 深切 (shēnqiè)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 親(しん)切(せつ) (shinsetsu)
* → Korean: 친절(親切) (chinjeol)
* → Vietnamese: thân thiết (親切)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 親 | 切 |
| しん Grade: 2 | せつ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 深切 (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 親切 / 亲切 (tshin tshet, literally “blood relative + close”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんせつ [shíꜜǹsètsù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しんせつ [shìńsétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ]

### Adjective

親(しん)切(せつ) • (shinsetsu) -na (adnominal 親(しん)切(せつ)な (shinsetsu na), adverbial 親(しん)切(せつ)に (shinsetsu ni))
* kind, helpful, friendly, obliging

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 親切だろ | しんせつだろ | shinsetsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 親切で | しんせつで | shinsetsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 親切だ | しんせつだ | shinsetsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 親切な | しんせつな | shinsetsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 親切なら | しんせつなら | shinsetsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 親切であれ | しんせつであれ | shinsetsu de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 親切ではない 親切じゃない | しんせつではない しんせつじゃない | shinsetsu de wa nai shinsetsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 親切だった | しんせつだった | shinsetsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 親切ではなかった 親切じゃなかった | しんせつではなかった しんせつじゃなかった | shinsetsu de wa nakatta shinsetsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 親切です | しんせつです | shinsetsu desu |
| Formal negative | 親切ではありません 親切じゃありません | しんせつではありません しんせつじゃありません | shinsetsu de wa arimasen shinsetsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 親切でした | しんせつでした | shinsetsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 親切ではありませんでした 親切じゃありませんでした | しんせつではありませんでした しんせつじゃありませんでした | shinsetsu de wa arimasen deshita shinsetsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 親切で | しんせつで | shinsetsu de |
| Conditional | 親切なら（ば） | しんせつなら（ば） | shinsetsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 親切だったら | しんせつだったら | shinsetsu dattara |
| Volitional | 親切だろう | しんせつだろう | shinsetsu darō |
| Adverbial | 親切に | しんせつに | shinsetsu ni |
| Degree | 親切さ | しんせつさ | shinsetsusa |

### Noun

親(しん)切(せつ) • (shinsetsu)
* kindness, helpfulness, friendliness

#### Antonyms

* 羨望(せんぼう) (senbō): envy

#### Derived terms

* 親切気(しんせつぎ) (shinsetsugi): kindheartedness
* 親切心(しんせつしん) (shinsetsushin): kindness
* 不親切(ふしんせつ) (fushinsetsu): unkindness, unfriendliness
* 老婆親切(ろうばしんせつ) (rōba shinsetsu): excessive solicitude

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 親 | 切 |

### Noun

親切 • (chinjeol) (hangeul 친절)
* hanja form of 친절 (“kindness, gentleness”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 親 | 切 |

### Adjective

親切
* chữ Hán form of thân thiết (“close, familiar”).