# 渺

| 渺 | U+6E3A, &#28218; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3A |
| ← 渹 [U+6E39] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 渻 → [U+6E3B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

渺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月山竹 (EBUH), four-corner 3912$_0$, composition ⿰氵眇)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17794
* Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1673, character 12
* Unihan data for U+6E3A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 觘 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 抄 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 鈔 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 訬 | *sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ |
| 炒 | *sʰroːʔ |
| 吵 | *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ |
| 耖 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 仯 | *sm̥ʰreːws |
| 眇 | *mewʔ |
| 渺 | *mewʔ |
| 杪 | *mewʔ |
| 秒 | *mewʔ |
| 篎 | *mewʔ, *mews |
| 妙 | *mews |
| 玅 | *mews |
| 釥 | *sm̥ʰewʔ |
| 小 | *smewʔ |
| 少 | *hmjewʔ, *hmjews |
| 麨 | *m̥ʰjewʔ |
| 尠 | *senʔ, *smos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 眇 (OC *mewʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎo (miao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): miu$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mieu$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): miēu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bieo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): biáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miou$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$miau / $^3$miau / $^2$miau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎo
*** Wade–Giles: miao$^3$
*** Yale: myǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meau
*** Palladius: мяо (mjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: miu$^5$
*** Yale: míuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: miu$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: miu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːu̯¹³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /miɛu²¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: miēu
*** Sinological IPA : /mieu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pieu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pieu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biáu
*** Tâi-lô: biáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mióu
*** Sinological IPA : /miou⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$miau
*** MiniDict: miau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$miau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɔ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /miɔ¹¹³/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^3$miau
*** MiniDict: 'miau$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /miæ⁵¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /miɔ⁵³/
** (Northern: Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^2$miau
*** MiniDict: miau$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /miɒ²³¹/
* Middle Chinese: mjiewX
Rime :
| Character | 渺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 亡沼切 |
| Baxter | mjiewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | miu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]ewʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mewʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 渺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | miǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjiew$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m]ewʔ/ |
| English | vast (of water) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13695 |
| Phonetic component | 小 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 眇 |
| Old Chinese | /*mewʔ/ |

### Definitions

渺
* (of water) vast; boundless; endlessly long; expansive
* (alt. form 眇) tiny; insignificant
* vague; indistinct; uncertain
* (obsolete) the number 10$^{-11}$

### Compounds

* 微渺
* 杳渺
* 浩渺 (hàomiǎo)
* 深渺
* 淼渺
* 渺不可測 / 渺不可测
* 渺不相涉
* 渺小 (miǎoxiǎo)
* 渺彌 / 渺弥
* 渺渺
* 渺渺冥冥
* 渺渺茫茫
* 渺漫
* 渺瀰 / 渺弥
* 渺然
* 渺無聲息 / 渺无声息
* 渺視 / 渺视 (miǎoshì)
* 渺茫 (miǎománg)
* 渺邈
* 煙波浩渺 / 烟波浩渺
* 縹渺 / 缥渺
* 荒渺不經 / 荒渺不经
* 茫茫渺渺
* 飄渺 / 飘渺 (piāomiǎo)
* 魚沉雁渺 / 鱼沉雁渺

### See also

Chinese historical small numbers :
| Value | Character | Notes |
| 10$^{-1}$ | 分 (fèn) | Still in use. SI prefix deci-. |
| 10$^{-2}$ | 厘 (lí), 釐 (lí) | Still in use. SI prefix centi-. |
| 10$^{-3}$ | 毫 (háo) | Still in use. SI prefix milli-. Also 毛 (máo). |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 絲 / 丝 (sī) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-4}$ | 秒 (miǎo) | Obsolete, only in ancient texts. |
| 10$^{-5}$ | 忽 (hū) | Rarely used today. |
| 10$^{-6}$ | 微 (wēi) | Still in use. SI prefix micro-. |
| 10$^{-7}$ | 纖 / 纤 (xiān) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-8}$ | 沙 (shā) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-9}$ | 塵 / 尘 (chén) | Obsolete. 納 / 纳 (nà) and 奈 (nài) are used for nano-. |
| 10$^{-10}$ | 埃 (āi) | Obsolete. In modern use, the character for angstrom (10$^{-10}$ m). |
| 10$^{-11}$ | 渺 (miǎo) | Obsolete. |
| 10$^{-12}$ | 漠 (mò) | Obsolete. 皮 (pí) is used for SI prefix pico-. |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* boundless, vast

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: びょう (byō)
* Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 渺い)、はるか (haruka, 渺か)
* Nanori: ひろ (hiro)

### Adjective

* Kanji in this term
* 渺
* びょう Hyōgai
* kan'on
渺(びょう) • (byō) $^†$-tari (adnominal 渺(びょう)とした (byō to shita) or 渺(びょう)たる (byō taru), adverbial 渺(びょう)と (byō to) or 渺(びょう)として (byō to shite))
* (obsolete) boundless, limitless, vast, broad (usually in reference to water, such as the sea)
* (obsolete) extremely tiny

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 渺たら | べうたら | beutara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 渺と$^{[1]}$ 渺たり$^{[2]}$ | べうと べうたり | beuto beutari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 渺たり | べうたり | beutari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 渺たる | べうたる | beutaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 渺たれ | べうたれ | beutare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 渺たれ | べうたれ | beutare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 渺たらず | べうたらず | beutarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 渺たれど | べうたれど | beutaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 渺たれば | べうたれば | beutareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 渺たらば | べうたらば | beutaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 渺たりき | べうたりき | beutariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 渺たりけり | べうたりけり | beutarikeri |
| Adverbial | 渺と | べうと | beuto |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

#### Derived terms

* 渺渺(びょうびょう) (byōbyō)
* 渺茫(びょうぼう) (byōbō)

## Korean
### Hanja

渺 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

渺: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, diễu, diệu, giẻo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.