# 鎌倉
## Chinese

* 鎌倉市

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鎌倉 (Kamakura).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Liáncāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄘㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Liáncāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄘㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Liáncang
*** Wade–Giles: Lien$^2$-tsʻang$^1$
*** Yale: Lyán-tsāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Liantsang
*** Palladius: Ляньцан (Ljanʹcan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

鎌倉
* (～市) Kamakura (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鎌 | 倉 |
| かま Grade: S (ateji) | くら Grade: 4 (ateji) |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Old Japanese 鎌倉 (Kamakura).
Originally a compound of 竈 (kama, “oven”) +‎ 鞍 (kura, “saddle”), from the way that the landscape as viewed from the sea looks like a saddle inside an oven, that is, a flat area in the mountains, surrounded by hills in the shape of an old traditional oven.
The kanji spelling appears to be an example of ateji (当て字), literally “sickle warehouse”.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かまくら [kàmákúrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ma̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

### Proper noun

鎌(かま)倉(くら) • (Kamakura)
* a placename, especially:
** Short for 鎌倉市 (Kamakura-shi): A city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan the capital city of the Kamakura shogunate
** Short for 鎌倉郡 (Kamakura-gun): A district in central Sagami Province, today part of Kanagawa Prefecture
*** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 15, pages 214-215:鎌倉郡 加末久良 按萬葉集作可麻久良...Kamakura District (read [in Chinese] as 加末久良 ka-ma-ku-ra). In the Man'yōshū, it is spelled as 可麻久良 kamakura.
* a surname

#### Derived terms

* 鎌倉(かまくら)尼(あま)五山(ごさん) (Kamakura Amagosan)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)伊(い)吹(ぶき) (Kamakura ibuki)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kamakura Udaijin)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)海老(えび) (Kamakura ebi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)大(おお)番(ばん)役(やく) (Kamakura Ōban'yaku)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)海棠(かいどう) (Kamakura kaidō)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)街道(かいどう), 鎌倉(かまくら)海道(かいどう) (Kamakura-kaidō)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)河岸(がし) (Kamakura-gashi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)宮(ぐう) (Kamakura-gū)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)公方(くぼう) (Kamakura Kubō)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)声(ごえ) (Kamakura-goe)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)五山(ごさん) (Kamakura Gosan)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)御所(ごしょ) (Kamakura gosho)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)柴(さい)胡(こ) (Kamakura saiko)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)下(さ)げ緒(お) (Kamakura sageo)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)三(さん)代(だい)記(き) (Kamakura Sandaiki)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)三老(さんろう) (Kamakura Sanrō)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)時(じ)代(だい) (Kamakura jidai)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)大仏(だいぶつ) (Kamakura Daibutsu)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)漬(づ)け (Kamakura-zuke)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)殿(どの) (Kamakura-dono)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)七口(ななくち) (Kamakura nanakuchi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)幕(ばく)府(ふ) (Kamakura bakufu)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)八(はち)幡(まん)宮(ぐう) (Kamakura Hachimangū)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)番衆(ばんしゅう) (Kamakura banshū)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)飛(ひ)脚(きゃく) (Kamakura Hikyaku)
* 鎌倉(カマクラ)檜葉(ヒバ) (Kamakura hiba)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)府(ふ) (Kamakura-fu)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)仏教(ぶっきょう) (Kamakura bukkyō)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)武士(ぶし) (Kamakura bushi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)節(ぶし) (Kamakura-bushi)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)文化(ぶんか) (Kamakura bunka)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)彫(ぼり) (Kamakura-bori)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)武者(むしゃ) (Kamakura musha)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)焼(や)き (Kamakura-yaki)
* 鎌倉(かまくら)様(よう) (Kamakura yō)
* いざ鎌倉(かまくら) (iza Kamakura)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (934–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Gaihen, Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1966, →ISBN, pages 203–204.

### Further reading

* Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Originally a compound of 竈 (kama, “oven”) +‎ 鞍 (kura, “saddle”), from the way that the landscape as viewed from the sea looks like a saddle inside an oven, that is, a flat area in the mountains, surrounded by hills in the shape of an old traditional oven.

### Proper noun

鎌倉 (Kamakura) (kana かまくら)
* a placename on the southeastern part of modern Kanagawa Prefecture
** 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Yamatotakeru no mikoto):足鏡別王者、【鎌倉之別、小津、石代之別、漁田之別祖也。】次息長田別王之子、杙俣長田子王。(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3365:可麻久良乃美胡之能佐吉能伊波久叡乃伎美我久由倍伎己許呂波母多自Kamakura no$_2$ Mi$_1$go$_1$si-no$_2$-saki$_1$ no$_2$ ipakuye no$_2$ ki$_1$mi$_1$ ga kuyube$_2$ki$_1$ ko$_2$ko$_2$ro$_2$ pa motazi(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4330:奈爾波都爾余曾比余比弖氣布能比夜伊田弖麻可良武美流波波奈之爾　右一首、鎌倉郡上丁丸子連多麻呂。Nanipa-tu ni yo$_2$so$_2$pi$_1$ yo$_2$so$_2$pi$_1$te ke$_2$pu no$_2$ pi$_1$ ya idete-makaramu mi$_1$ru papa nasi ni (Hidari isshu, Kamakura-gun jōtei Maroko no Muraji Ōmaro)Today in Naniwa Bay, adorned [with flags], I depart without a mother seeing me off (by the leader Maroko no Ōmaro from the district of Kamakura).

#### Derived terms

* 鎌倉山 (Kamakura-yama)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 鎌倉 (Kamakura)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kurano, Kenji with Yūkichi Takeda (712) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Kojiki, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1958, →ISBN, page 224
* ↑ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
* ↑ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.