# torn
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: tôrn, IPA: /tɔɹn/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: tôn, IPA: /tɔːn/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) enPR: tōrn, IPA: /to(ː)ɹn/
* (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA: /toən/
** Homophone: tawn (non-rhotic, horse–hoarse merger)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)n

### Verb

torn
* past participle of tear

#### Usage notes

* The past participle of tear (produce liquid from the eyes), is teared.

### Adjective

torn (comparative more torn, superlative most torn)
* Unable to decide between multiple options.
    I'm torn between pizza and hamburgers.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* -tron, ront, tron

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Latin tornus. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈtorn]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈtoɾn]

### Noun

torn m (plural torns)
* lathe, potter's wheel
* turn, go (as in take turns or as a move in a game)
    Synonym: tanda

#### Derived terms

* tornejar

### References

* ↑ “torn”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

### Further reading

* “torn” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “torn” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “torn” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Noun

torn
* Hard mutation of dorn.
* Mixed mutation of dorn.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).

### Noun

torn c (singular definite tornen, plural indefinite torne)
* thorn

#### Declension
### References

* “torn” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Middle Low German tōrn, from Old French tor.

### Noun

torn (genitive torni, partitive torni)
* tower

#### Declension
### References

* torn in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

### Further reading

* “torn”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʰɔɻɳ/
* Rhymes: -ɔɻɳ

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse þorn (“thorn”), from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz (“thorn, sloe”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål torn, Icelandic þyrnir, Danish torn, Swedish törne, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, English thorn.

#### Noun

torn f (genitive singular tornar, plural tornir)
* (botany) hawthorn bush; thorn

##### Related terms

* tornakrúna
* tornarunnur
* tornatyssi
* tornrunnur
* tornur
* tornutur

### Etymology 2

From late Old Norse turn, from Middle Low German torn, from Latin turris.

#### Noun

torn n (genitive singular torns, plural torn)
* tower, belfry, spire
* dungeon

##### Related terms

* tornklokka
* klokkutorn

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Compare Danish torn, Swedish törne, Icelandic þyrnir, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, English thorn.

### Noun

torn m (definite singular tornen, indefinite plural torner, definite plural tornene)
* thorn

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Compare Danish torn, Swedish törne, Icelandic þyrnir, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, English thorn.

### Noun

torn m (definite singular tornen, indefinite plural tornar, definite plural tornane)
* thorn

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /torn/, [torˠn]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *torn, from Proto-Germanic *turnaz (“bitter”).

#### Adjective

torn (superlative tornost)
* bitter; painful; severe

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *torn, from Proto-Germanic *turnaz (“bitterness, anger”).

#### Noun

torn n (nominative plural torn)
* anger, anguish, distress

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

## Romanian
### Verb

torn
* inflection of turna:
** first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** third-person plural present indicative

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse turn, from Middle Low German tōrn, tōren, from Old French tor, from Latin turris, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis), from a Mediterranean substrate loan.

#### Noun

torn n
* tower
* (chess) rook

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | torn | torns |
| singular | definite | tornet | tornets |
| plural | indefinite | torn | torns |
| plural | definite | tornen | tornens |

##### Derived terms

* babelstorn
* borrtorn
* brandtorn
* domartorn
* elfenbenstorn
* flygledartorn
* flygtorn
* fyrtorn
* fågeltorn
* fästningstorn
* hopptorn (“diving tower, diving platform”)
* hörntorn
* jakttorn
* kanontorn
* klocktorn
* kontrolltorn
* kyltorn
* kyrktorn
* oljeborrtorn
* oljetorn
* pansartorn
* silotorn
* torna (“tower, loom”)
* trapptorn
* tvillingtorn
* utkikstorn (“lookout tower”)
* utsiktstorn (“observation tower”)
* vakttorn (“watchtower, guard tower”)
* vattentorn
* vägtorn

#### See also

Chess pieces in Swedish · schackpjäser (schack + pjäser) (layout · text) :
| kung | dam, drottning | torn | löpare | springare, häst | bonde |

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish þorn, from Old Norse þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, whence also Old English þorn (English thorn). From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).

#### Noun

torn c
* (botany) thorn

##### Derived terms

* hagtorn
* havtorn
* kristtorn
* liktorn
* martorn

### References

* torn in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* torn in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* torn in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* torn in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* tron