# 箱

| 箱 | U+7BB1, &#31665; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BB1 |
| ← 箰 [U+7BB0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 箲 → [U+7BB2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

箱 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木月山 (HDBU), four-corner 8896$_3$, composition ⿱𥫗相)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 890, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26209
* Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2989, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7BB1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 箱 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 相 | *slaŋ, *slaŋs |
| 廂 | *slaŋ |
| 湘 | *slaŋ |
| 緗 | *slaŋ |
| 箱 | *slaŋ |
| 葙 | *slaŋ |
| 想 | *slaŋʔ |
| 霜 | *sraŋ |
| 孀 | *sraŋ |
| 鸘 | *sraŋ |
| 驦 | *sraŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *slaŋ) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs) – a bamboo box.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāng (xiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xiong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siông
    (Hailu, HRS): siong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sió̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): suŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^1$ / siuⁿ$^1$ / syong$^1$ / syeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siuⁿ / sioⁿ / siauⁿ / siong / siang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siên$^1$ / sion$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sian$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siang
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^1$
*** Yale: syāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$
*** Yale: sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siông
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sioŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /siɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sió̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /siɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: suŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: siuⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬĩũ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ⁵³³/
* sieo1/siuⁿ1 - vernacular;
* syong1/syeng1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: sjang
Rime :
| Character | 箱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息良切 |
| Baxter | sjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /siaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[s]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 箱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[s]aŋ/ |
| English | box (of a carriage) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 箱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13583 |
| Phonetic component | 相 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 襄 |
| Old Chinese | /*slaŋ/ |

### Definitions

箱
* (large) box; chest; trunk
       ling$^1$ zyu$^6$ jat$^1$ daai$^6$ soeng$^1$ je$^5$ [Jyutping]
       carrying a great box of things
* box-shaped thing
* Classifier for boxes or chests.
* Alternative form of 廂 / 厢 (xiāng, “side room”)

#### Synonyms

* (box):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 箱子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 箱子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 箱子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 箱子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 箱子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 箱子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 箱子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 箱子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 箱子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 箱子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 箱, 喼 handheld, 籠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 箱, 喼 handheld, 籠 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 箱, 槓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 箱仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 箱, 喼 handheld, 籠 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 箱 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 箱, 匣 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 箱子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 箱仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 箱仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 箱仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 箱仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 箱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 箱仔, 箱 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 箱 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 箱 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 箱子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 箱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 箱箱, 箱 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 箱仔, 箱 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 箱 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 箱 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 箱 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 箱 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 箱子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 箱子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 箱子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 箱 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 箱子, 籠子 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 箱子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 箱子, 箱, 籠子 |

#### See also

* 匣 (xiá), 盒 (hé): (small) box

### Compounds

* 乾燥箱 / 干燥箱
* 保溫箱 / 保温箱
* 信箱 (xìnxiāng)
* 保險箱 / 保险箱 (bǎoxiǎnxiāng)
* 傾箱倒篋 / 倾箱倒箧
* 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
* 化妝箱 / 化妆箱
* 千倉萬箱 / 千仓万箱
* 印相箱
* 喝攛箱 / 喝撺箱
* 垃圾箱 (lājīxiāng)
* 墊箱錢 / 垫箱钱
* 壓箱底 / 压箱底
* 奉獻箱 / 奉献箱
* 封箱
* 封箱戲 / 封箱戏
* 巢箱
* 巾箱本
* 意見箱 / 意见箱 (yìjiànxiāng)
* 戲箱 / 戏箱 (xìxiāng)
* 手提箱 (shǒutíxiāng)
* 打棍出箱
* 拋箱 / 抛箱
* 攛箱 / 撺箱
* 暗箱 (ànxiāng)
* 書箱 / 书箱 (shūxiāng)
* 枕箱
* 枕頭箱 / 枕头箱
* 水族箱
* 水箱 (shuǐxiāng)
* 沉箱 (chénxiāng)
* 油箱 (yóuxiāng)
* 添箱
* 潘朵拉箱
* 火箱
* 烤箱 (kǎoxiāng)
* 烘箱 (hōngxiāng)
* 燒箱庫 / 烧箱库
* 百寶箱 / 百宝箱 (bǎibǎoxiāng)
* 百葉箱 / 百叶箱 (bǎiyèxiāng)
* 皮箱 (píxiāng)
* 票箱 (piàoxiāng)
* 萬箱 / 万箱
* 箱仔
* 箱子 (xiāngzi)
* 箱底
* 箱底功夫
* 箱底錢 / 箱底钱
* 箱房
* 箱根 (Xiānggēn)
* 箱涵
* 箱篋 / 箱箧
* 箱簾 / 箱帘
* 箱籠 / 箱笼 (xiānglǒng)
* 箱網養殖 / 箱网养殖
* 箱錢 / 箱钱
* 籠貫箱張 / 笼贯箱张
* 紙箱 / 纸箱 (zhǐxiāng)
* 翻箱倒櫃 / 翻箱倒柜 (fānxiāngdǎoguì)
* 翻箱倒篋 / 翻箱倒箧
* 翻箱倒籠 / 翻箱倒笼
* 藥箱 / 药箱 (yàoxiāng)
* 蜂箱 (fēngxiāng)
* 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)
* 衣箱 (yīxiāng)
* 裝箱 / 装箱 (zhuāngxiāng)
* 語音信箱 / 语音信箱 (yǔyīn xìnxiāng)
* 跳箱 (tiàoxiāng)
* 巡邏箱 / 巡逻箱
* 郵政信箱 / 邮政信箱 (yóuzhèng xìnxiāng)
* 郵箱 / 邮箱 (yóuxiāng)
* 集裝箱 / 集装箱 (jízhuāngxiāng)
* 電冰箱 / 电冰箱 (diànbīngxiāng)
* 電子信箱 / 电子信箱 (diànzǐ xìnxiāng)
* 電子郵箱 / 电子邮箱 (diànzǐ yóuxiāng)
* 電烤箱 / 电烤箱 (diànkǎoxiāng)
* 風箱 / 风箱 (fēngxiāng)
* 黑箱作業 / 黑箱作业

### References

* “箱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* box

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: はこ (hako, 箱, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 箱
* はこ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 函 筥 匣 筐 篋
/pako/ → /fako/ → /hako/
From Old Japanese pako. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pako.
This term originally referred to a kind of wicker basket or box introduced from continental Asia, and the word is thought to be a borrowing from, or cognate with, a predecessor form of modern Korean 바구니 (baguni, “basket”). Compare Middle Korean 바고니〮 (pàkwòní).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はこ [hàkó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ko̞]

### Noun

箱(はこ) • (hako)
* [from 720] a box: a container with a lid
    父(ちち)が柿(かき)の一(ひと)箱(はこ)を送(おく)ってくれた。
       Chichi ga kaki no hitohako o okutte kureta.
       My father sent me a box of persimmons.
* [from 1120] (archaic) a chamber pot for feces; (by extension) feces
* [from 1771] (archaic) a shamisen case; (by extension) a shamisen; (by extension) a man or other geisha who accompanies a geisha and carries their shamisen case
* (slang) small ライブハウス (raibu hausu, “music venue”)
* (Internet slang) Xbox
    箱(はこ)コン ― hakokon ― Xbox controller
    箱(はこ)信者(しんじゃ) ― hako shinja ― Xbox fanboy/fangirl

#### Synonyms

* ボックス (bokkusu)

#### Derived terms

* 豚(ぶた)箱(ばこ) (butabako): police cell
* ごみ箱(ばこ) (gomibako) rubbish bin
* 弁(べん)当(とう)箱(ばこ) (bentōbako): lunchbox
* 重(じゅう)箱(ばこ) (jūbako): tiered boxes for holding and presenting food
* 重(じゅう)箱(ばこ)読(よ)み (jūbakoyomi): reading pattern for kanji-compound words, using the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the first portion, and the native Japanese kun'yomi for the second portion
* 跳(と)び箱(ばこ) (tobibako): vaulting horse
* ドル箱(ばこ) (dorubako): cash cow

#### Descendants

* → Amis: hako
* → Sakizaya: haku

### References

* ↑ “箱・筥・函・篋・匣”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “箱”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ “箱”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 箱 (MC sjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (syang) (Yale: syang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 箱 (eumhun 상자 상 (sangja sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“box”)

#### Compounds

* 상자 (箱子, sangja)
* 서상 (書箱, seosang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: はく (haku, 箱)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 箱
* はく Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
Attested in the Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ (琉球館譯語), 1469-1470, as 法个 (fako).
In turn, from Proto-Ryukyuan *pako, from Proto-Japonic *pako.
Cognate with Japanese 箱 (hako).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri) は​く [háꜜkù] (Kakō – [1])
* IPA: [haku]

### Noun

箱(はく) (haku)
* box

### Suffix

箱(はく) (-haku)
* used to count boxes
    一箱(ちゅはく)、二箱(たはく)
       chuhaku, tahaku
       one box, two boxes

### References

* ↑ Lin, Chihkai (2015 August) A Reconstruction of Old Okinawan: A Corpus-Based Approach‎, University of Hawaii at Manoa
* ↑ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

箱: Hán Nôm readings: sương, tương, rương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.