# 均す
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 均
* なら Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 平す

### Etymology

From Old Japanese.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ならす [nàráꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [na̠ɾa̠sɨ]

### Verb

均(なら)す • (narasu) godan (stem 均(なら)し (narashi), past 均(なら)した (narashita))
* to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
** c. 1177-1188, Iroha Jiruishō (volume 5, Na 20 reverse)
    鏟　ナラス 平大石也(please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 315:
    Giuo narasu. （地を均す）土地を平らにする。
* to average, make things equal

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 均さ | ならさ | narasa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 均し | ならし | narashi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 均される | ならされる | narasareru |
| Causative | 均させる 均さす | ならさせる ならさす | narasaseru narasasu |
| Potential | 均せる | ならせる | naraseru |
| Volitional | 均そう | ならそう | narasō |
| Negative | 均さない | ならさない | narasanai |
| Negative continuative | 均さず | ならさず | narasazu |
| Formal | 均します | ならします | narashimasu |
| Perfective | 均した | ならした | narashita |
| Conjunctive | 均して | ならして | narashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 均せば | ならせば | naraseba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 均さ | ならさ | narasa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 均し | ならし | narasi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Realis (已然形) | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Imperative (命令形) | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 均さず | ならさず | narasazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 均せど | ならせど | narasedo |
| Causal conjunction | 均せば | ならせば | naraseba |
| Conditional conjunction | 均さば | ならさば | narasaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 均しき | ならしき | narasiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 均しけり | ならしけり | narasikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 均しつ | ならしつ | narasitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 均しぬ | ならしぬ | narasinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 均せり 均したり | ならせり ならしたり | naraseri narasitari |
| Volitional | 均さむ | ならさむ | narasamu |

#### Derived terms

* 均(なら)し (narashi)
* 押(お)し均(なら)す (oshinarasu)
* 掻(か)き均(なら)す (kakinarasu)
* 引(ひ)き均(なら)す (hikinarasu)
* 踏(ふ)み均(なら)す (fuminarasu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 平す

### Etymology

Root nar- relates to “flat, flatness”.

### Noun

均す (narasu) (kana ならす)
* to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3546:, text here
    安乎楊木能波良路可波刀爾奈乎麻都等西美度波久末受多知度奈良須母awoyagi$_2$ no$_2$ pararo$_1$ kapato$_1$ ni na wo matu to$_2$ semi$_1$do$_1$ pa kumazu tatido$_1$ narasu mo(please add an English translation of this usage example)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4491:, text here
    於保吉宇美能美奈曾己布可久於毛比都都毛婢伎奈良之思須我波良能佐刀opoki$_1$umi$_1$ no$_2$ mi$_1$naso$_2$ko$_2$ pukaku omopi$_1$tutu mobi$_1$ki$_1$ narasisi sugapara no$_2$ sato$_1$(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 均さ | ならさ | narasa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 均し | ならし | narasi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 均す | ならす | narasu |
| Realis (已然形) | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Imperative (命令形) | 均せ | ならせ | narase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 均さず | ならさず | narasazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 均せど | ならせど | narasedo |
| Causal conjunction | 均せば | ならせば | naraseba |
| Conditional conjunction | 均さば | ならさば | narasaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 均しき | ならしき | narasiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 均しけり | ならしけり | narasikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 均しつ | ならしつ | narasitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 均しぬ | ならしぬ | narasinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 均せり 均したり | ならせり ならしたり | naraseri narasitari |
| Volitional | 均さむ | ならさむ | narasamu |

#### Derived terms

* 立ち均す (tatinarasu)
* 踏み均す (pumi$_1$narasu)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 均す, 平す (narasu)

### References

* ↑ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 2: Man’yōshū 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2000, →ISBN.
* ↑ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.