# cepa
## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese cepa, from Latin cippus (“post”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθepa/ [ˈθe.pɐ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈθepa/ [ˈθe.pɐ]
* IPA: (seseo) /ˈsepa/ [ˈse.pɐ]
* Rhymes: -epa
* Hyphenation: ce‧pa

#### Noun

cepa m (plural cepas)
* stump; also the trunk of a living tree that has suffered many prunings
    Synonyms: carocha, coto, cozo, toco
* charcoal
* post, column
    Synonyms: pé, poste
* trunk of a vine and the vine itself
    Synonym: bacelo

##### Derived terms

* cepada
* cepeira

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cepa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cepa”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cepa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cepa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cepa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cepa
* inflection of cepar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Etymology 1

A borrowing from an unknown, possibly Anatolian source, cf. Hesychian Ancient Greek κάπια (kápia, “onions”) claimed for Ceryneia and the complex of Arabic قُبَّعَة (qubbaʕa, “bulbous hat”). Given the borrowing of Proto-Slavic *lukъ (“onion”), it is probable that the Italians at the date of their expansion also only knew ramsons, as a kind of ālium. At least it is known that spring onion was only introduced in the modern period from China, while the bulb onion is also Asiatic, such that ancient Africa knew the cultivated onion only in the north, by generic names like Egyptian ḥḏw, it having expanded beyond the Great Desert only by the Arabs under their name بَصَل (baṣal).

#### Alternative forms

* caepa, cēpum, caepum, cēpe, caepe

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkeː.pa/, [ˈkeːpä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃe.pa/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːpä]

#### Noun

cēpa f (genitive cēpae); first declension
* onion

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Coordinate terms

* ūniō

##### Derived terms

* caepārius
* cēpōsus
* cēpulla

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: tseapã
** Romanian: ceapă
** → Albanian: qepë
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: ceba
** Occitan: ceba
** Old French: cive (see there for further descendants)
* Borrowings:
** →⇒ English: cepaceous
** → Old English: ciepe

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cēpa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108

#### Further reading

* “cepa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cepa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* cepa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

cēpa f (genitive cēpae); first declension
* Medieval Latin form of sēbum (“grease”)

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

## Latvian
### Verb

cepa
* third-person singular/plural past indicative of cept

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.pa/
* Rhymes: -ɛpa
* Syllabification: ce‧pa

### Noun

cepa m inan
* genitive singular of cep

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈse.pɐ/
* Hyphenation: ce‧pa

### Noun

cepa f (plural cepas)
* (microbiology) strain (variant of a virus)
* kind (a type, race or category)
    Synonyms: tipo, classe, laia, feitio
* vine (climbing plant that produces grapes)
    Synonyms: vinha, vide, videira
* stump (remains of a plant that has been cut off), especially one used to make charcoal

## Rukai
### Noun

cepa
* adulteress; wanton woman

## Spanish
### Etymology

From cepo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈθepa/ [ˈθe.pa]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈsepa/ [ˈse.pa]
* Rhymes: -epa
* Syllabification: ce‧pa

### Noun

cepa f (plural cepas)
* (wine) variety
* (microbiology, virology) strain
    cepa de hongos ― strain of fungi
    cepa de bacteria ― strain of bacteria
** 2020 December 21, Ferran Bono, Guillermo Vega, Rafa Burgos, ““En Londres la gente pasa de llevar mascarilla en la calle y no parece muy preocupada por la nueva cepa””, in El País‎:En eso y en que tampoco parecen de momento muy alarmados los ciudadanos de una de las capitales financieras del mundo por la aparición en su país de una nueva cepa del coronavirus, con mayor poder de contagio.Besides this, the citizens of one of the world's largest financial capitals don't seem very concerned with the appearance of a new strain of the coronavirus in their country, one with greater contagious power.
* rootstalk, rhizome (underground stem base)
* grapevine stock, grapevine
* root (of an animal's tail or horns, etc.)
* ancestry, stock, origin (of family lineage)
    Synonym: linaje
    de buena cepa ― of good stock
* (architecture) pier (of an arch or bridge)
* nucleus (of cloud formation)
    Synonym: núcleo

#### Derived terms

* cepa virgen
* de buena cepa
* de pura cepa

### Further reading

* “cepa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10