# Essen
## English
### Etymology

From the German city and surname, often confused with essen (“eating”), but this is not related. The city's oldest name, Astnide, could be related to Old High German asc (“ash tree”). The surname is from the city.

### Proper noun

Essen
* A major industrial city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany.
* A surname from German.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Paul Derks: Der Ortsname Essen, in: Essener Beiträge 103 (1989/90), pp. 27–51

### Anagrams

* NESes, SE SNe, enses, esnes, seens, senes, sense, snees

## Dutch
### Etymology

* (Gelderland) First attested as essen in 1379-1380. Derived from the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”).
* (Groningen) First attested as jesse in 1245. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may have been reinterpreted as the plural form of es (“ash, Fraxinus excelsior”). Alternative hypotheses include a derivation from the Biblical name Jesse or a derivation from an unknown prehistoric source.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.sə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Es‧sen
* Rhymes: -ɛsən
* Homophone: essen

### Proper noun

Essen n
* A hamlet in Barneveld, Gelderland, Netherlands
* A hamlet in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʔɛsn̩], /ˈɛsən/
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Hyphenation: Es‧sen
* Rhymes: -ɛsn̩, -ɛsən

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German ëzzen, from Old High German ezzan, akin to Old Saxon etan, compare Dutch eten.

#### Noun

Essen n (strong, genitive Essens, plural Essen)
* gerund of essen; eating
    Das Trinken lernt der Mensch schon früh, und später erst das Essen. So soll der Mensch aus Dankbarkeit das Trinken nicht vergessen.Man learns to drink early on, and only later to eat. So man will not, out of gratitude, forget to drink.
* meal
* food
* groceries
    Man sollte mit den Kindern Essen einkaufen gehenOne should buy groceries together with the kids.
** 2010 July 28, “Mit Kindern gemeinsam Essen einkaufen gehen”, in Aachener Zeitung‎:Mit Kindern gemeinsam Essen einkaufen gehen(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* Abendessen
* Essen auf Rädern
* Essenausgabe
* Essenbehälter
* Mittagessen
* Resteessen

### Etymology 2

See Esse

#### Noun

Essen
* plural of Esse

### Etymology 3

Disputed. Found in its earliest form as Astnide, which could refer to a region of ash trees and be related to Esche (see Old High German asc).

#### Proper noun

Essen n (proper noun, genitive Essens or (optionally with an article) Essen)
* Essen (a major industrial city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)

##### Usage notes

* In German-speaking countries, the name is often confused with essen, the infinitive of the verb for "eating," as well as sense 1 (“food, eats”).

##### Descendants

* → English: Essen
* → Latvian: Esene
* → Lithuanian: Esenas
* → Yiddish: עסן (Esn)

### References

* ↑ Stadt Essen. "Origin of place names" (in German). Essen.de
* ↑ Paul Derks: Der Ortsname Essen, in: Essener Beiträge 103 (1989/90), pp. 27–51

### Further reading

* “Essen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Essen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* Essen on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
* “Essen” in Duden online
* “Essen” in Duden online
* Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Essen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891