# firman
## English
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish فرمان (ferman), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɜː.mən/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈfɜɹ.mən/, [ˈfɝ.mən]

### Noun

firman (plural firmans)
* A royal decree issued by a sovereign in certain historical Islamic states, especially by the Sultan of Turkey.
    Hyponym: hatti-sherif
** 1821 August 8, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, Cantos III, IV, and V, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto IV, (please specify the stanza number):his Sublimity's firman, The most imperative of sovereign spells, / Which every body does without who can […]
** 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 134:He managed to obtain from the vizier a firman bearing the Emir's personal seal and ordering all Bokharan officials to assist the party in every way possible.
** 2005, Coleman Phillipson, International Law And The Great War:It will be noted that the title of Sultan was adopted partly because that of Khedive had been conferred by an Ottoman firman.

#### Alternative forms

* pharmaund, phirmaund

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ "firman." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 2008.

### Further reading

* Firman in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

## Esperanto
### Adjective

firman
* accusative singular of firma

## Finnish
### Noun

firman
* genitive singular of firma

### Anagrams

* farmin

## French
### Noun

firman m (plural firmans)
* firman

### Further reading

* “firman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Verb

firman
* third-person plural present indicative of firmar

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay firman, from Classical Malay firman (“permission”), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”). Doublet of permana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɪr.man/
* Rhymes: -man
* Hyphenation: fir‧man

### Noun

firman
* word of God
    Synonym: sabda
* (Christianity) commandment (a divinely ordained command, especially one of the Ten Commandments)
    Synonym: perintah
    Firman Allah ― God's commandment

#### Derived terms

* berfirman
* firmankan

### Further reading

* “firman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

firman
* Romanization of ꦥ꦳ꦶꦂꦩꦤ꧀

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فرمان (ferman), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”).

### Noun

firman n (plural firmane)
* firman

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

firman
* third-person plural present indicative of firmar

## Swedish
### Noun

firman
* definite singular of firma

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Malay firman, from Persian فرمان (farmân), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /⁠framān⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (f-r-m-a-n-a /⁠framānā⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fiɾ.ˈman]

### Noun

firman
* a firman
* a command, order

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh