# indignar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [in.diŋˈna]
* IPA: (Valencia) [in.diŋˈnaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indigní, past participle indignat)
* (transitive) to outrage, to provoke
* (pronominal) to become outraged (contra at, per by)

#### Related terms

* indignació
* indignant
* indigne
* indignitat

### Further reading

* “indignar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “indignar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “indignar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “indignar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Ido
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

indignar (present tense indignas, past tense indignis, future tense indignos, imperative indignez, conditional indignus)
* to be indignant

#### Derived terms

* indignigar (“to rouse indignation”)

#### Related terms

* indigno (“indignation”)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(χ)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ɻ)/, /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.diˈɡnaɾ/ [ĩ.diˈɣnaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.diˈɡnaɾ/ [ĩ.diˈɣnaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.diˈɡna.ɾi/ [ĩ.diˈɣna.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: in‧dig‧nar

### Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indignei, past participle indignado)
* (transitive) to outrage
* (reflexive) to become outraged, to become revolted

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.
$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* indignação
* indigno

### References

* “indignar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “indignar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /indiɡˈnaɾ/ [ĩn̪.d̪iɣ̞ˈnaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: in‧dig‧nar

### Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indigné, past participle indignado)
* (transitive) to outrage
* (reflexive) to become outraged

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* indignación
* indignidad
* indigno

### Further reading

* “indignar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10