# aghaidh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish agad (“face, countenance; surface; expanse”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɑiɟ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ai/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈaiə/, /ai/
* (Ulster) IPA: /əi̯/, /ɤi̯/, /ˈaiə/

### Noun

aghaidh f (genitive singular aghaidhe or aighthe, nominative plural aghaidheanna or aighthe)
* face
    Synonym: éadan
* front, aspect
* dial (of clock)
* obverse (of coin)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aghaidh
aghaidheanna
vocative
a aghaidh
a aghaidheanna
genitive
aghaidhe
aghaidheanna
dative
aghaidh
aghaidheanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an aghaidh
na haghaidheanna
genitive
na haghaidhe
na n-aghaidheanna
dative
leis an aghaidh don aghaidh
leis na haghaidheanna :

##### Alternative declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aghaidh
aighthe
vocative
a aghaidh
a aighthe
genitive
aighthe
aighthe
dative
aghaidh
aighthe
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an aghaidh
na haighthe
genitive
na haighthe
na n-aighthe
dative
leis an aghaidh don aghaidh
leis na haighthe :

#### Derived terms

* aghaidh ar aghaidh (“face to face”)
* aghaidh-dhána (“bold-faced”, adjective)
* aghaidhbhéasach (“civil-looking”, adjective)
* ar aghaidh (“in front of, opposite, facing”)
* in aghaidh (“contrary to; opposed to, against”)
* le haghaidh (“for; near; in store for”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “agad, aiged”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 195, page 98
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 3
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 171, page 64

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aghaidh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aghaidh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “aghaidh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish agad (“face, countenance; surface; expanse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɤ.ɪ/
* (Tiree, Mull) IPA: [ˈɤʔɤç]
* (Islay, Colonsay) IPA: [ˈʏʔʏç]
* (North West Sutherland, Inverness-shire, Deeside, Perthshire) IPA: [ˈɤɣɪ]

### Noun

aghaidh f (genitive singular aghaidhe, plural aghaidhean)
* face
    Synonym: aodann
* surface
* front
* (slang) cheek, impudence

#### Derived terms

* aghaidh ri aghaidh (“face to face”)
* aghaidh-choimheach (“mask”)
* an aghaidh (“against”)
* eadar-aghaidh (“interface”)
* seòmar-aghaidh (“antechamber, front room”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “aghaidh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “agad, aiged”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Cathair Ó Dochartaigh, editor (1994), Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, volume II, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, pages 18-19