# 隘

| 隘 | U+9698, &#38552; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9698 |
| ← 隗 [U+9697] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 隙 → [U+9699] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

The traditional form found in the Kangxi dictionary with a 八 component instead of a 丷 is preserved in Japanese kanji and Korean hanja.

### Han character

隘 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 弓中廿金廿 (NLTCT), four-corner 7821$_7$, composition ⿰阝益)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1358, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41791
* Dae Jaweon: page 1862, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4152, character 15
* Unihan data for U+9698

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 隘 | *qreːɡs |
| 賹 | *qreːɡs |
| 搤 | *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ |
| 縊 | *qleːɡs, *qleɡs |
| 螠 | *qleɡs |
| 謚 | *ɢliɡs, *qleɡ |
| 諡 | *ɢliɡs |
| 蠲 | *kʷliːŋ |
| 溢 | *liɡ |
| 鎰 | *liɡ |
| 齸 | *lig, *qleg |
| 貖 | *qreːɡ |
| 益 | *qleɡ |
| 嗌 | *qleɡ |
| 膉 | *qleɡ |
| 鷁 | *ŋɡleːɡ |
| 艗 | *ŋɡleːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ài (ai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): aai$^3$ / ai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ai
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aai$^3$ / ai$^3$
*** Yale: aai / ai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aai$^3$ / ai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ai$^3$ / ei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /aːi̯³³/, /ɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ai
*** Hakka Romanization System: ai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ai̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
*** Tâi-lô: ài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'eaH
Rime :
| Character | 隘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏懈切 |
| Baxter | 'eaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ai$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 隘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔɛ$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁ<r>[i]k-s/ |
| English | a narrow pass |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 隘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15067 |
| Phonetic component | 益 |
| Rime group | 賜 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 隘 |
| Old Chinese | /*qreːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

隘
* narrow; confined
    隘路 ― àilù ― narrow passage
* strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access

#### Compounds

* 困隘
* 山隘 (shān'ài)
* 湫隘
* 狹隘 / 狭隘 (xiá'ài)
* 褊隘
* 要隘 (yào'ài)
* 迫隘
* 邊隘 / 边隘
* 關隘 / 关隘 (guān'ài)
* 阻隘
* 隘口 (àikǒu)
* 隘害
* 隘巷 (àixiàng)
* 隘懾 / 隘慑
* 隘窘
* 隘路 (àilù)
* 隘險 / 隘险
* 險隘 / 险隘

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: ải (隘)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è (e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ak$^1$
*** Yale: āk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: eg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐk̚⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 隘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔɛk › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁ<r>[i]k/ |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

隘
* to isolate
* to block; to defend

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
* “隘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* narrow

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)、やく (yaku)
* Kan-on: あい (ai)、あく (aku)
* Kun: せまい (semai, 隘い)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 隘
* あい Hyōgai
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH).

### Affix

隘(あい) • (ai)
* narrow; confined
    隘(あい)路(ろ) ― airo ― bottleneck
    狭(きょう)隘(あい) ― kyōai ― narrow

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

### Hanja

Wikisource 隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae))
* hanja form of 애 (“narrow”)

#### Compounds

* 애로 (隘路, aero)
* 협애 (狹隘, hyeobae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Tày
### Noun

隘 (ái)
* Nôm form of ái (“strategic pass”).
    书𫢍發每隘Slư cần phát mọi áiTheir letter has reached far and wide

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

隘: Hán Nôm readings: ải, ỏi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation