# 牡丹
## Chinese

* 牡丹 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Bó͘-tan-hiong (Southern Min)
* peony (English)
* Mudan District (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mǔdān
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu$^3$ dan$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maau$^5$ daan$^1$ / mau$^5$ daan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): méu-tân
    (Hailu, HRS): meu$^ˊ$ dan$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘-tan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou$^2$ duan$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$meu-te; $^6$mau-te
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǔdān → mǔdan (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ → ㄇㄨˇ ˙ㄉㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǔdån
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^3$-tan$^5$
*** Yale: mǔ-dan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu.dan
*** Palladius: мудань (mudanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵/ → /mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mu$^3$ dan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu dan
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵³ tan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maau$^5$ daan$^1$ / mau$^5$ daan$^1$
*** Yale: máauh dāan / máuh dāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maau$^5$ daan$^1$ / mau$^5$ daan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mao$^5$ dan$^1$ / meo$^5$ dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/, /mɐu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu-tân
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˋ$ dan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^3$ dan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹ tan²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˊ$ dan$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu²⁴⁻³³ tan⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘-tan
*** Tâi-lô: bóo-tan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bofdafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhou$^2$ duan$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu tuaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /bou⁵²⁻³⁵ tũã³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$meu-te; $^6$mau-te
*** MiniDict: meu$^去$ te; mau$^去$ te
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$meu-te; $^3$mau-te
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²² te⁴⁴/, /mɔ²² te⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: muwX tan
Rime :
| Character | 牡 | 丹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫厚切 | 都寒切 |
| Baxter | muwX | tan |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /məu$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /məu$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /məu$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məw$^X$/ | /tan/ |
| Li Rong | /mu$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /məu$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mə̯u$^X$/ | /tɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǒu | dān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mau$^5$ | daan$^1$ |

### Noun

牡丹
* tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan)
* (obsolete) marlberry

#### Synonyms

* 木芍藥／木芍药

#### Derived terms

* 天竺牡丹 (tiānzhú mǔdān)
* 牡丹江 (Mǔdānjiāng)
* 黑牡丹菇 (hēimǔdāngū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (botan)
* → Korean: 모란(牡丹) (moran)
* → Vietnamese: mẫu đơn (牡丹)
Others:
* → Lü: ᦙᦴᦑᦱᧃᧈ (muutaan¹)
* → Thai: โบตั๋น (boo-dtǎn) (via Hokkien)

### Proper noun

牡丹
* (～區) Mudan (a district of Heze, Shandong, China)
* (～鄉) Mudan (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)

#### Descendants

* → English: Mudan
* → Russian: Мудань (Mudanʹ)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 牡 | 丹 |
| ぼ Jinmeiyō | たん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 牡丹 (MC muwX tan).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼたん [bóꜜtàǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bo̞tã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボタン) • (botan)
* a peony, especially the Chinese tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa
    Synonyms: 国色 (kokushoku), 天香国色 (tenkō kokushoku), 隣草 (tonarigusa), 名取草 (natorigusa), 富貴草 (fūkigusa), 深見草 (fukamigusa)
* a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of peony petals and twigs
* (historical) boar meat
* (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of June
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐

##### Derived terms

* 牡丹(ぼたん)色(いろ) (botan-iro)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)鸚(イン)哥(コ) (botan inko)
* 牡5丹(ボタン)海老(エビ), 牡(ボ)丹(タン)蝦(エビ) (botan ebi)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)花(か) (botanka)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)唐草(からくさ) (botan karakusa)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)杏(キョウ) (botankyō)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)江(こう) (Botan-kō)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)桜(ざくら) (botan-zakura)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)卵(たまご) (botan tamago)
* 牡丹(ボタン)蔓(ヅル) (botanzuru)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)亭(てい) (Botantei)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)灯籠(どうろう) (botan-dōrō)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)菜(ナ) (botanna)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)鍋(なべ) (botan nabe)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)刷毛(ばけ) (botan-bake)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)鱧(はも) (botan hamo)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)皮(ぴ) (botanpi)
* 牡(ボ)丹(タン)防風(ボウフウ) (botan bōfū)
* 牡丹(ぼた)餅(もち) (botamochi)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)槍(やり) (botan yari)
* 牡丹(ぼたん)雪(ゆき) (botan yuki)
* 石(いし)牡丹(ぼたん) (ishibotan)
* 蟹(かに)牡丹(ぼたん) (kani botan)
* 寒(かん)牡丹(ぼたん) (kanbotan)
* 狐(きつね)の牡丹(ぼたん) (kitsune no botan)
* 杏葉(ぎょうよう)牡丹(ぼたん) (gyōyō botan)
* 草(クサ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (kusa-botan)
* 黒(くろ)牡丹(ぼたん) (kurobotan), 黒(こく)牡丹(ぼたん) (kokubotan)
* 華(けまん)鬘牡丹(ぼたん) (keman botan)
* 近衛(このえ)牡丹(ぼたん) (konoe botan)
* 台木(だいぎ)牡丹(ぼたん) (daigi botan)
* 天竺(テンジク)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (Tenjiku botan)
* 野(ノ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (nobotan)
* 葉(ハ)牡丹(ボタン) (habotan)
* 藤(フジ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (fuji botan)
* 冬(ふゆ)牡丹(ぼたん) (fuyu botan)
* 松(マツ)葉(バ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (matsuba botan)
* 類葉(ルイヨウ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (ruiyō botan)

##### Idioms

* 獅子(しし)に牡丹(ぼたん) (shishi ni botan), 牡丹(ぼたん)に唐(から)獅子(じし) (botan ni karajishi, “a lion and a peony → good combination”)
* 立(た)てば芍薬(しゃくやく)座(すわ)れば牡丹(ぼたん)歩(ある)く姿(すがた)は百合(ゆり)の花(はな) (tateba shakuyaku suwareba botan aruku sugata wa yuri no hana)

#### Proper noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) • (Botan)
* a place name
* a surname
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 牡 | 丹 |
| ぼう Jinmeiyō | たん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
/botan/ → /boːtan/
Long-pronounced form, replacing the kanyōon reading bo with the kan'on reading of bō. Primarily used in haiku, for example.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼーたん [bòótáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bo̞ːtã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

牡(ぼう)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボウタン) • (bōtan)
* a peony
* a 小袖 (kosode, “short-sleeved robe”) worn by maidservants of the Imperial Palace
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 牡 | 丹 |

### Noun

牡丹 • (moran) (hangeul 모란)
* hanja form of 모란 (“peony”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 牡 | 丹 |

### Noun

牡丹
* chữ Hán form of mẫu đơn (“peony”).