# sura
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsʊə.ɹə/, /ˈsɔː.ɹə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsʊ.ɹə/
* Rhymes: -ʊəɹə
* Hyphenation: su‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Noun

sura (plural suras or suwar)
* Any of the 114 chapters of the Quran.
** 1985, Kristina Nelson, The Art of Reciting the Qurʾan, Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press (2001), →ISBN, chapter 2: “Tajwīd”, page 25:
    Most of these essentially uninflected syllables (CV̄C) are names of the letters of the alphabet and introduce some of the suwar of the Qurʾanic text.

##### Alternative forms

* surah

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Via Hindi सुरा (surā, “wine”), ultimately from Sanskrit सुरा (surā).

#### Noun

sura (uncountable)
* The sap of the palmyra or of the coconut palm, palm wine.

### Anagrams

* asur, -saur, USRA, 'saur, USAR, Ruas, URAs, saur

## Alangan
### Noun

surâ
* fish

## Balinese
### Romanization

sura
* Romanization of ᬲᬸᬭ
* Romanization of ᬲᬸᬭᬵ
* Romanization of ᬰᬹᬭ

## Bantayanon
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧ra

### Adverb

sura
* then; and then

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈsu.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈsu.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -uɾa

#### Noun

sura f (plural sures)
* (Islam) sura

##### Further reading

* “sura” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

sura
* inflection of surar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: su‧ra
* IPA: /ˈsuɾa/ [ˈs̪u.ɾ̪ɐ]

### Etymology 1

Unknown.

#### Verb

sura
* to tease

### Etymology 2

From Bantayanon sura.

#### Noun

sura
* (chiefly Bantayan island) then; and then

## Danish
### Etymology

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

### Noun

sura c (singular definite suraen, plural indefinite suraer)
* (Islam) sura

#### Declension
### References

* “sura” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Hausa
### Etymology 1

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /súː.ràː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [súː.ràː]

#### Noun

sūr̃ā̀ f (plural sūr̃ōr̃ī, possessed form sūr̃àr̃)
* (Islam) sura

### Etymology 2

From Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /súː.ràː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [súː.ràː]

#### Noun

sūr̃ā̀ f (plural sūr̃ōr̃ī, possessed form sūr̃àr̃)
* image, picture, form, appearance

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sùː.ráː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [sùː.ráː]

#### Verb

sū̀r̃ā (grade 3)
* swoop down to grab something

## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

sura m (genitive singular sura)
* (textiles) surah (soft twilled silk)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
sura
vocative
a shura
genitive
sura
dative
sura
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an sura
genitive
an tsura
dative
leis an sura don sura :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sura”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sura”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Hyphenation: sù‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Latin sūra.

#### Noun

sura f (plural sure)
* (anatomy) calf

### Etymology 2

from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Noun

sura f (plural sure)
* (Islam) sura

## Japanese
### Romanization

sura
* Rōmaji transcription of すら

## Javanese
### Romanization

sura
* Romanization of ꦱꦸꦫ

## Latin
### Etymology

Possibly related to sū̆rus (“t-branch, stake”) or from a Proto-Indo-European root common to Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “part of a sacrificial victim”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsuː.ra/, [ˈs̠uːrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsu.ra/, [ˈsuːrä]

### Noun

sūra f (genitive sūrae); first declension
* calf (of the leg)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* Sulla
* Sūra
* surula

### References

* “sura”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “sura”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 634

## Maltese

* Root
* s-w-r
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuː.ra/

### Noun

sura f (plural suriet)
* image
* picture
* photograph

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer, definite plural suraene)
* Alternative form of sure

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer or suraar, definite plural suraene or suraane)
* Alternative form of sure

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुर (sura, “god, divine, deity; idol; thirty-three; sage, learned man; the image of a god, an idol; sun”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra
* Homophones: sura, surā, śūra
* Hyphenation: su‧ra

### Noun

sura
* god, deity

### Adjective

sura
* divine, celestial

### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦫ (sura) (inherited)
* → Balinese: ᬲᬸᬭ (sura)

### Further reading

* "sura" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: su‧ra

### Noun

sura f
* (Islam) sura

#### Declension
### Further reading

* sura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sura in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romani

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### Etymology

Probably from Armenian սուր (sur, “sword”).

### Noun

sura ? (plural sur)
* sword

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “սուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

## Sardinian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsura/

### Preposition

sura
* (Logudorese) Alternative form of subra

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “súpra”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuɾa/ [ˈsu.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: su‧ra

### Noun

sura m (plural suras)
* sura

### Further reading

* “sura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Noun

sura class IX (plural sura class X)
* chapter
* sura (chapter of the Qur'an)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

#### Noun

sura class IX (plural sura class X)
* appearance, look
* face
    Synonym: uso

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²sʉːra/
* Rhymes: -²ʉːra

### Etymology 1

Derivation of adjective sur.

#### Adjective

sura
* inflection of sur:
** definite singular
** plural

#### Verb

sura (present surar, preterite surade, supine surat, imperative sura)
* to sulk
** 1920, August Strindberg, Efterslåtter‎:Vad går du här ensam omkring och surar för? frågade honom en gammal apa, som satt för sig själv och knäckte nötter."Why are you here alone sulking? he was asked by an old monkey, sitting by himself cracking nuts. "Most likely he was sulking because she had told him to be ashamed of himself."
** 2000, Roger Borgelid, Svenska Dagbladet - Människan bakom miljonleendet‎:Det var inte länge sedan [han] framstod som en arrogant diva med taskigt humör, en dålig förlorare som surade över en missad tiometersputt,..."It was not long ago that he was seen as an arrogant diva with a bad temper, a poor loser who would sulk if he missed a ten-meterputt, ..."

##### Usage notes

Past participle is basically non-existent for semantic/pragmatic reasons.

##### See also

* försura
* syra (“make (more) sour”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

#### Noun

sura c
* sura (chapter of the Qur'an)
** 2004, Göteborgsposten - Nu skall den ene vara den andres fiende‎:Koranens 21:a sura berättar att Abraham irriterades över sin pappas och dennes underlydandes avgudadyrkan:..."The 21st sura of the Qur'an relates that Abraham was irritated by the idolatry of his daddy and his employees:...

##### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | sura | suras |
| singular | definite | suran | surans |
| plural | indefinite | suror | surors |
| plural | definite | surorna | surornas |

##### See also

* Koranen (“the Qur'an”)

### References

* sura in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sura in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sura in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* rusa

## Tetum
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

sura
* to count

### Further reading

* Fransiskus Monteiro (1985) Kamus Tetun-Indonesia [Tetum-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

### Noun

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | сура‍ |
| Latin | sura‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |
sura (plural suralar)
* (Islam) sura

#### Declension
## Zaghawa
### Noun

sura
* lion

### References

* Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad