# 戒

| 戒 | U+6212, &#25106; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6212 |
| ← 我 [U+6211] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 戓 → [U+6213] |

## Translingual
### Han character

戒 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿 (IT), four-corner 5340$_0$, composition ⿹戈廾)

#### Derived characters

* 械, 誡

#### See also

* 賊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11548
* Dae Jaweon: page 754, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1400, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6212

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戒 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 祴 | *kɯː |
| 駴 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 戒 | *krɯːɡs |
| 誡 | *krɯːɡs |
| 悈 | *krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ |
| 械 | *ɡrɯːɡs |
| 裓 | *kɯːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 戈 (“halberd”) + 廾 (“hands”) – to hold up a weapon as warning.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiè (jie$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiai$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiē
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jiē
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җе (ži͡ə, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gai$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kie / kiai
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giai$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ga̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): gái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gai$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gaai$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$ka; $^5$cia / $^5$cie
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$
*** Yale: jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jiē
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jiē
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕie⁴⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җе (ži͡ə, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiə⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^3$
*** Yale: gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiai
*** Hakka Romanization System: giai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiaɪ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ga̿i
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài
*** Tâi-lô: kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài
*** Sinological IPA : /kai²¹³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kai²¹/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: gaai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ka; $^5$cia
*** MiniDict: ka$^去$; cia$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ka; $^2$jia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/, /t͡ɕia³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kɑ⁵²³/, /t͡ɕiɑ⁵²³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cie
*** MiniDict: cie$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁵/
* 5ka - vernacular;
* 5cia - literary.
* Middle Chinese: keajH
Rime :
| Character | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古拜切 |
| Baxter | keajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək) |
| English | be on guard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6544 |
| Phonetic component | 戒 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誡 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

戒
* to warn; to caution; to admonish
* to guard against; to forbid
* to give up; to quit (a bad habit)
    戒煙／戒烟 ― jièyān ― to quit smoking
** 2021, “反對無效 [Overruled]”, 陳詠謙 [Chan Wing Him] (lyrics), 馮允謙 [Jay Fung] and Cameron Browne (music)‎performed by 張天賦 [MC]:
       san$^4$ jyu$^4$ ho$^4$ zou$^6$ ceot$^1$ ze$^2$ zung$^2$ kap$^1$ jan$^5$, ngo$^5$ oi$^3$ nei$^5$ ji$^5$ hoi$^1$ ci$^2$ bin$^3$ sing$^4$ jan$^5$, ngo$^5$ gaai$^3$ bat$^1$ dou$^{3-2}$ ze$^2$ zung$^2$ hing$^1$ fan$^5$ [Jyutping]
       How did God create this kind of attraction? My love for you has started to become an addiction. I cannot give this excitement up.
* (archaic) to fast; to purify oneself
* (Buddhism) rules governing behavior; precepts
    Synonym: 尸羅 (shīluó)
* (archaic) to command; to order
* (literary) careful; cautious
* Short for 戒指 (jièzhi, “ring”).

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 戒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 戒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 戒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 戒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 戒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 戒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 戒 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 戒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 戒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 戒 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 戒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 戒 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 戒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 戒 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 改 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 戒 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 改 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 改 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 改 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 改 |

#### Compounds

* 三戒
* 不戒
* 五戒 (wǔjiè)
* 作持戒
* 傳戒 / 传戒
* 儆戒
* 八戒 (bājiè)
* 具戒
* 具足戒
* 力戒 (lìjiè)
* 勒戒 (lèjiè)
* 勸善戒惡 / 劝善戒恶
* 勸戒 / 劝戒 (quànjiè)
* 十戒 (shíjiè)
* 受戒 (shòujiè)
* 告戒 (gàojiè)
* 天戒 (tiānjiè)
* 小乘戒
* 履霜之戒
* 幽冥戒 (Yōumíng jiè)
* 引以為戒 / 引以为戒 (yǐnyǐwéijiè)
* 後車之戒 / 后车之戒
* 懲一戒百 / 惩一戒百 (chéngyījièbǎi)
* 懲戒 / 惩戒 (chéngjiè)
* 懲戒處分 / 惩戒处分
* 懿戒
* 戒備 / 戒备 (jièbèi)
* 戒具
* 戒刀
* 戒勉
* 戒口 (jièkǒu)
* 戒嚴 / 戒严 (jièyán)
* 戒嚴令 / 戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
* 戒嚴法 / 戒严法
* 戒塗 / 戒涂 (jiètú)
* 戒壇 / 戒坛
* 戒尺 (jièchǐ)
* 戒律 (jièlǜ)
* 戒心 (jièxīn)
* 戒忌
* 戒惕
* 戒慎
* 戒懼 / 戒惧 (jièjù)
* 戒指
* 戒掉
* 戒敕
* 戒方 (jièfāng)
* 戒旦
* 戒書 / 戒书
* 戒條 / 戒条
* 戒毒 (jièdú)
* 戒法
* 戒牒 (jièdié)
* 戒相
* 戒石
* 戒絕 / 戒绝
* 戒臘 / 戒腊
* 戒菸 / 戒烟 (jièyān)
* 戒葷 / 戒荤
* 戒行 (jièxíng)
* 戒誨 / 戒诲
* 戒護 / 戒护
* 戒賭 / 戒赌 (jièdǔ)
* 戒酒 (jièjiǔ)
* 戒除 (jièchú)
* 戒飭 / 戒饬 (jièchì)
* 戒驕戒躁 / 戒骄戒躁
* 戒體 / 戒体
* 持戒
* 持滿戒盈 / 持满戒盈
* 持齋受戒 / 持斋受戒
* 摩頂受戒 / 摩顶受戒
* 敕戒
* 止持戒
* 殺戒 / 杀戒 (shājiè)
* 法戒
* 清規戒律 / 清规戒律
* 犯戒 (fànjiè)
* 省戒
* 破戒 (pòjiè)
* 禁戒
* 結婚戒指 / 结婚戒指
* 色戒
* 菩薩戒 / 菩萨戒 (Púsà jiè)
* 覆車之戒 / 覆车之戒
* 覆車當戒 / 覆车当戒
* 規戒 / 规戒 (guījiè)
* 說戒 / 说戒
* 諄諄告戒 / 谆谆告戒 (zhūnzhūngàojiè)
* 警戒 (jǐngjiè)
* 警戒線 / 警戒线 (jǐngjièxiàn)
* 警戒色
* 豬八戒 / 猪八戒 (Zhū Bājiè)
* 酒戒 (jiǔjiè)
* 鏡戒 / 镜戒
* 鑒戒 / 鉴戒 (jiànjiè)
* 鑑戒 / 鉴戒 (jiànjiè)
* 鑽戒 / 钻戒 (zuànjiè)
* 開戒 / 开戒
* 齋戒 / 斋戒 (zhāijiè)
* 齋戒沐浴 / 斋戒沐浴 (zhāijièmùyù)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 戒 – see 誡 (“to warn; to admonish; to caution; to take precautions; to guard against; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 誡).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* commandment

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 戒める, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 戒
* かい Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 戒 (MC keajH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かい [káꜜì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Noun

戒(かい) • (kai)
* precept, commandment

#### Derived terms

* 戒告(かいこく) (kaikoku)
* 十戒(じっかい) (jikkai)
* 教戒(きょうかい) (kyōkai)
* 訓戒(くんかい) (kunkai)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

戒 (eumhun 경계할 계 (gyeonggyehal gye))
* hanja form of 계 (“caution, warn”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

戒: Hán Nôm readings: giới
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.