# 硝

| 硝 | U+785D, &#30813; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-785D |
| ← 硜 [U+785C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 硞 → [U+785E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

硝 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口火月 (MRFB), four-corner 1962$_7$, composition ⿰石肖)
* saltpeter, niter
* to tan

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 830, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24201
* Dae Jaweon: page 1246, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2433, character 4
* Unihan data for U+785D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 梢 | *sreːw |
| 捎 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 筲 | *sreːw |
| 鞘 | *sreːw, *slewɢs |
| 艄 | *sreːw |
| 蛸 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 髾 | *sreːw |
| 輎 | *sreːw |
| 旓 | *sreːw |
| 弰 | *sreːw |
| 鮹 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 綃 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 颵 | *sreːw |
| 莦 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 娋 | *sreːw, *sreːws |
| 稍 | *sreːws |
| 哨 | *sreːws, *sʰews, *sew |
| 揱 | *sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ |
| 潲 | *sreːws |
| 睄 | *sreːws |
| 悄 | *sʰewʔ |
| 俏 | *sʰews |
| 峭 | *sʰews |
| 陗 | *sʰews |
| 帩 | *sʰews |
| 誚 | *zews |
| 消 | *sew |
| 宵 | *sew |
| 霄 | *sew |
| 硝 | *sew |
| 銷 | *sew |
| 逍 | *sew |
| 魈 | *sew |
| 痟 | *slew |
| 焇 | *sew |
| 肖 | *slew, *slews |
| 韒 | *slewɢs |
| 趙 | *l'ewʔ |
| 箾 | *seːw, *sleːw |
| 踃 | *seːw |
| 削 | *slewɢ |
| 矟 | *sreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sew) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāo (xiao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$
*** Yale: syāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
*** Palladius: сяо (sjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$
*** Yale: sīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau
*** Tâi-lô: siau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siou
*** Sinological IPA : /siou³³/
* Middle Chinese: sjew
Rime :
| Character | 硝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 相邀切 |
| Baxter | sjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sew/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 硝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13742 |
| Phonetic component | 肖 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宵 |
| Old Chinese | /*sew/ |

### Definitions

硝
* (inorganic chemistry) saltpetre, niter
* to tan

### Compounds

* 亞硝酸 / 亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
* 亞硝酸鹽 / 亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
* 智利硝石 (zhìlì xiāoshí)
* 朴硝 (pòxiāo)
* 焰硝
* 甲硝唑 (jiǎxiāozuò)
* 皮硝 (píxiāo)
* 硝化 (xiāohuà)
* 硝化作用
* 硝化甘油 (xiāohuàgānyóu)
* 硝基 (xiāojī)
* 硝基苯 (xiāojīběn)
* 硝煙彈雨 / 硝烟弹雨
* 硝石 (xiāoshí)
* 硝酸 (xiāosuān)
* 硝鹽 / 硝盐
* 老走硝
* 芒硝 (mángxiāo)
* 薔薇硝 / 蔷薇硝
* 鹽硝 / 盐硝

### References

* “硝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 硝 |
| Kyūjitai | 硝󠄁 硝+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 硝󠄃 硝+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* saltpeter, niter, the mineral form of potassium nitrate (KNO$_3$).

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 硝子(ガラス) (garasu), 硝子(しょうし) (shōshi): glass
* 硝安(しょうあん) (shōan): ammonium nitrate
* 硝酸(しょうさん) (shōsan): nitric acid
* 硝石(しょうせき) (shōseki): saltpetre

### References

* ↑ “硝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

硝 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

硝: Hán Việt readings: tiêu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 硝石 (tiêu thạch)