# 袴

| 袴 | U+88B4, &#34996; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B4 |
| ← 袳 [U+88B3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 袵 → [U+88B5] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 褲 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 袴 |
| Simplified | 裤 |

### Han character

袴 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中大一尸 (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

#### Derived characters

* 𬞔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
* Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
* Unihan data for U+88B4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”). (This character is a variant form of 褲).

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 胯 (“hip; groin”). (This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)
* traditional Japanese loose trousers

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: はかま (hakama, 袴)、ずぼん (zubon, 袴)

#### Compounds

* 袴褶(こしゅう) (koshū)
* 紈袴(がんこ) (ganko)
* 着袴(ちゃっこ) (chakko)
* 布袴(ほうこ) (hōko)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 袴
* はかま Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿か (haka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿く (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳 (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).
The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE. Other sources also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はかま [hàkámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [ha̠ka̠ma̠]

#### Noun

袴(はかま) • (hakama)
* hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
** 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
    飫瀰能古簸(おみのこは)多倍能(たへの)波伽摩(はかま)鳴(を)那那陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾播爾陀陀始諦(にはにたたして)阿遥比那陀須暮(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
    臣(おみ)の子(こ)は栲(たへ)の袴(はかま)を七(なな)重(へ)をし庭(には)に立(た)たして足結(あよひ)撫(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
* (botany) a leaf sheath
* a holder for a heated bottle of saké
* (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
** 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
    逼而脱(＊＊＊)褌(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
    逼(せ)めて袴(はかま)を脱(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
    Synonym: 褌 (fundoshi)

##### Derived terms

* 袴葛(ハカマカズラ) (hakamakazura)
* 袴(はかま)着(ぎ) (hakamagi)
* 袴(はかま)地(じ) (hakamaji)
* 袴(はかま)能(のう) (hakama-nō)
* 行灯(あんどん)袴(ばかま) (andon-bakama)
* 表(うえの)袴(はかま), 上(うえの)袴(はかま) (ue no hakama)
* 袿(うちき)袴(ばかま) (uchiki-bakama)
* 女(おんな)袴(ばかま) (onna-bakama)
* 御(お)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (ohakama-ryō), 御(おん)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (onhakama-ryō)
* 片(かた)袴(ばかま) (kata-bakama)
* 括(くく)り袴(ばかま) (kukuribakama)
* 紺(こう)屋(や)の白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (kōya no shirobakama)
* 猿(さる)袴(ばかま) (saru-bakama)
* 猩々(ショウジョウ)袴(バカマ) (shōjō-bakama)
* 白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (shirobakama)
* 摺(すり)袴(ばかま) (suribakama)
* 長(なが)袴(ばかま) (nagabakama)
* 羽(は)織(おり)袴(はかま) (haori-hakama)
* 肌(はだ)袴(ばかま), 膚(はだ)袴(ばかま) (hadabakama)
* 張(はり)袴(ばかま) (haribakama)
* 半(はん)袴(ばかま) (hanbakama)
* 緋(ひ)袴(ばかま) (hibakama), 緋(ひ)の袴(はかま) (hi no hakama)
* 藤(フジ)袴(バカマ) (fujibakama)
* 山(やま)袴(ばかま) (yamabakama)
* 雪(ゆき)袴(ばかま) (yuki-bakama)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 袴
* こ Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞]

#### Noun

袴(こ) • (ko)
* (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
* (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引き (momohiki)
* (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

#### Derived terms

* 袴(こ)下(した) (koshita)
* 袿袴(けいこ) (keiko)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 袴 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go))
* hanja form of 고 (“trousers; pants”)

#### Compounds

* 고의 (袴衣, goui)
* 단고 (單袴, dan'go)
* 환고 (紈袴, hwan'go)

### Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 胯 (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

袴 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“crotch; groin”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.