# 東京
## Chinese

* 東京 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese)
* 東京 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 東京 (搞清楚) (Cantonese)
* 東京 (Cantonese)
* 東京都 (Classical)
* 東京 (Gan)
* Tûng-kîn (Hakka)
* Dŭng-gĭng (Eastern Min)
* Tang-kiaⁿ (Southern Min)
* 東京 (Wu)

### Etymology
#### Tokyo

    Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dōngjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung$^1$ ging$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung$^1$ gen$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Tûng-kîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^1$ gin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tang-kiaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^1$ gian$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ton-cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dōngjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dongjing
*** Wade–Giles: Tung$^1$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: Dūng-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dongjing
*** Palladius: Дунцзин (Dunczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: dūng gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$東京 / 东京 東經 / 东经
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: uung$^1$ gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɵŋ³³ ken³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Tûng-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^1$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /tøyŋ⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tang-kiaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Tang-kiann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangkviaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ kiã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^1$ gian$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang kiaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ton-cin
*** MiniDict: ton$^平$ cin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ton-jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tuwng kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 東 | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | tuwng | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuŋ/ | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuŋ/ | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuŋ/ | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwŋ/ | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tuŋ/ | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tuŋ/ | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tuŋ/ | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dōng | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^1$ | ging$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ [k]raŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ kraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 東 | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dōng | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tuwng › | ‹ kjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*[k]raŋ/ |
| English | east | hill; capital city |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 東 | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2435 | 6828 |
| Phonetic component | 東 | 京 |
| Rime group | 東 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 東 | 驚 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːŋ/ | /*kraŋ/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 | |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “10:30 台山话节目《得闲倾偈》 第1期 ”

### Proper noun

東京
* (～都) Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)
** 2006, “富士山下”, in 林夕 (lyrics), What's Going On...?‎, performed by 陳奕迅 [Eason Chan]:
       mong$^4$ diu$^6$ ngo$^5$ gan$^1$ nei$^5$ jan$^1$ jyun$^3$, jing$^1$ faa$^1$ hoi$^1$ liu$^5$ gei$^2$ zyun$^3$, dung$^1$ ging$^1$ zi$^1$ leoi$^5$ jat$^1$ zou$^2$ bei$^2$ jat$^1$ sai$^3$ jiu$^4$ jyun$^5$ [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Old name for 開封／开封 (Kāifēng).
    《東京夢華錄》／《东京梦华录》 ― “Dōngjīng mènghuá lù” ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Old name for 河內／河内 (Hénèi).
* (history) Tonkin

#### Derived terms

* 東京審判 / 东京审判 (Dōngjīng Shěnpàn)
* 東京灣 / 东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)
* 東京薯 / 东京薯
* 西東京 / 西东京 (Xīdōngjīng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 東京(とうけい) (Tōkei)

### Noun

東京
* (historical) the eastern capital (in situations where dual capitals existed)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 東京(とうきょう) (tōkyō)
* → Vietnamese: Đông Kinh (東京)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 京 |
| とう Grade: 2 | きょう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |
/tou kʲau/ → /toːkʲɔː/ → /toːkʲoː/
Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 東 (tō, “east, eastern”) +‎ 京 (kyō, “capital”).
The city of Tokyo was renamed from 江戸 (Edo) in 1868 after Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーきょー [tòókyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːkʲo̞ː]
* Audio:(file)

#### Proper noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (Tōkyō)
* Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
    昨日(きのう)、東(とう)京(きょう)は曇(くも)りでしたか。
       Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.
       Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?
* Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Japan
* Short for 東京駅 (Tōkyō-eki): Tokyo Station
* (historical) Short for 東京府 (Tōkyō-fu): the historical Tokyo Prefecture from 1868–1943
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 東(とう)京(きょう)駅(えき) (Tōkyō-eki)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)音(おん)頭(ど) (Tōkyō Ondo)
* 東(とう)京(ぎょう)錦(き) (tōgyōki)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)銀(ぎん)行(こう) (Tōkyō Ginkō)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)圏(けん) (Tōkyō-ken)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)語(ご) (Tōkyō-go)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)港(こう) (Tōkyō-kō)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)言(こと)葉(ば) (Tōkyō kotoba)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)五(ご)輪(りん) (Tōkyō Gorin)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)裁(さい)判(ばん) (Tōkyō Saiban)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)式(しき)アクセント (Tōkyō-shiki akusento)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)証(しょう)券(けん)取(とり)引(ひき)所(じょ) (Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)人(じん) (Tōkyō-jin)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)スカイツリー (Tōkyō Sukaitsurī)
* 東(トウ)京(キョウ)達磨(ダルマ)蛙(ガエル) (Tōkyō darumagaeru)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)タワー (Tōkyō Tawā)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)天(てん)文(もん)台(だい) (Tōkyō Tenmondai)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to)
* 東(とう)京(ぎょう)の茵(しとね) (tōgyō no shitone)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)府(ふ) (Tōkyō-fu)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)弁(べん) (Tōkyō-ben)
* 東(トウ)京(キョウ)帆(ホ)立(タテ)貝(ガイ) (Tōkyō hotategai)
* 東(とう)京(きょう)者(もの) (Tōkyō-mono)
* 東(とう)京湾(きょうわん) (Tōkyō-wan)
* 西(にし)東(とう)京(きょう) (Nishitōkyō)

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: Tokio
* → English: Tokyo
* → Finnish: Tokio
* → French: Tokyo
* → German: Tokio
* → Khmer: តូក្យូ (toukyou)
* → Korean: 동경 (Donggyeong)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: Tokyo
* → Portuguese: Tóquio
* → Russian: То́кио (Tókio)
* → Spanish: Tokio
* → Vietnamese: Đông Kinh

##### See also

* 江(え)戸(ど) (Edo)
* トンキン (Tonkin)
* 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin)
* 南(なん)京(きん) (Nankin)

#### Noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (tōkyō)
* (historical) an eastern capital
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 663:
    Tôqiǒ. トゥキャゥ (東京) Figaxino miyaco. (東の都) 東の地方の都 (Miaco).
       Tokio: East[ern] city; a [capital] city on the eastern region (Meaco).

##### Coordinate terms

* 西(さい)京(きょう) (saikyō)
* 南(なん)京(きょう) (nankyō)
* 北(ほっ)京(きょう) (hokkyō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 京 |
| とう Grade: 2 | けい Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 東京 (MC tuwng kjaeng).
The alternate pronunciation for Tokyo appears to be prevalent in the early- to mid-Meiji period.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーけー [tòókéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːke̞ː]

#### Proper noun

東(とう)京(けい) • (Tōkei)
* (historical) the capital of 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”), corresponds to modern Luoyang
* (historical) the capital of 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”), corresponds to modern Kaifeng
* (historical) the eastern capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, corresponds to modern Liaoyang
* (historical) the capital of Yongwon province in Balhae during the Tang dynasty
* (historical) Dated spelling of とうきょう (Tōkyō) above

##### Derived terms

* 東(とう)京(けい)人(じん) (Tōkei-jin)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 京 |
| とん Grade: 2 | きん Grade: 2 |
| sōon | tōon |
Borrowing from Vietnamese 東京 (Đông Kinh, literally “Eastern capital”), a historical name for Hanoi. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) トンキン [tóꜜǹkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [tõ̞ŋʲkʲĩɴ]

#### Proper noun

東京(トンキン) • (Tonkin)
* (historical) Tonkin (northern region of Vietnam)

##### Derived terms

* 東(トン)京(キン)錦(にしき) (Tonkin nishiki)

### References

* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 東 | 京 |

### Proper noun

東京 • (Donggyeong) (hangeul 동경)
* hanja form of 동경 (“alternative name of Tokyo”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 東 | 京 |
| とー Grade: 2 | ちょー Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) と​ーちょー [tóꜜòchòò] (Kakō -)
* IPA: [toːt͡ɕoː]

### Proper noun

東(とー)京(ちょー) (Tōchō)
* Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
    東京(とーちょー)んかい行(い)ち欲(ぶ)さん。
       Tōchō-nkai ichibusan.
       (I) want to go to Tokyo.

### References

* ↑ “トーチョー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).$^{(permanentdeadlink)}$
* ↑ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
* “とーちょー【東京】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 東 | 京 |

### Proper noun

東京
* chữ Hán form of Đông Kinh (“former name of Hanoi, Tonkin; Tokyo”).