# áith
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /ɑː(h)/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ãːç/, [ãːi̯ç]

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish áith f (“drying-kiln (for grain)”), from Proto-Celtic *ātis, from the same root as *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) (compare Latin āter).

#### Noun

áith f (genitive singular áithe, nominative plural áitheanna or áithí)
* kiln
** 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 14:ńīl ēn ā sn̥ ilān šə, ax tā mōrān akəb ə gonəmárə.[Níl aon áith san oileán seo, ach tá mórán acu i gConamara.]There’s no kiln on this island, but there are a lot of them in Connemara.
** 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 14:tā n ā ʒā l̄oskə.[Tá an áith dhá loscadh.]The kiln is burning.

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
áith
áitheanna
vocative
a áith
a áitheanna
genitive
áithe
áitheanna
dative
áith
áitheanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an áith
na háitheanna
genitive
na háithe
na n-áitheanna
dative
leis an áith don áith
leis na háitheanna :

##### Derived terms

* áith allais f (“sweat-house”)
* áith aoil f (“lime-kiln”)
* áith choirce f (“corn-kiln”)
* áitheadóir m (“kiln worker”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish áith (“sharp, keen, acute”).

#### Adjective

áith
* (literary) sharp, keen

##### Declension
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 57
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 áith (‘drying kiln’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 áith (‘sharp, keen’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “áiṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 20
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “áith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aːθʲ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *atti-, ultimately from the root of aiteann (“gorse”).

#### Adjective

áith (equative áthithir, comparative áithiu, superlative áithem)
* sharp
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 72$^b$8
    amal in scrissid .i. amal in n-altain n-áith [translating rasorium acutum].Like the scraper, i.e. like the sharp razor.

##### Inflection

i-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | áith | áith | áith |
| Vocative | áith | áith | áith |
| Accusative | áith | áith | áith |
| Genitive | áith | áithe | áith |
| Dative | áith | áith | áith |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | áithi | áithi | áithi |
| Vocative | áithi | áithi | áithi |
| Accusative | áithi | áithi | áithi |
| Genitive | áith* áithe | áith* áithe | áith* áithe |
| Dative | áithib | áithib | áithib |
| Notes | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized | *not when substantivized |

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: áith
** Irish: áith

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *ātis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁-.

#### Noun

áith f (genitive átho)
* drying-kiln for grains

##### Inflection

Feminine i-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | áith | áith$^L$ | áthai$^H$ |
| Vocative | áith | áith$^L$ | áthai$^H$ |
| Accusative | áith$^N$ | áith$^L$ | áthai$^H$ |
| Genitive | átho$^H$, átha$^H$ | átho$^H$, átha$^H$ | áthae$^N$ |
| Dative | áith$^L$ | áthaib | áthaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: áith
** Irish: áith
** Scottish Gaelic: àth
** Manx: aiee

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 áith (sharp)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 áith (kiln)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Rohingya
### Numeral

áith
* sixty