# बद्ध
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बद्ध (baddhá).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /bəd̪d̪ʱ/, [bɐd̪(ː)ʱ]

### Adjective

बद्ध • (baddh) (indeclinable)
* bound, fastened, tied
    Synonym: बाँधा (bāndhā)
* restrained, limited
* fixed, joined; stuck

#### Derived terms

* -बद्ध (-baddh, “-bound”)
* बद्धी (baddhī)

#### Related terms

* अनिबद्ध (anibaddh)
* अनुबद्ध (anubaddh)
* अप्रतिबद्ध (apratibaddh)
* अबद्ध (abaddh)
* असंबद्ध (asambaddh)
* असंबद्धता (asambaddhatā)
* आबद्ध (ābaddh)
* निबद्ध (nibaddh)
* प्रतिबद्ध (pratibaddh)
* प्रतिबद्धता (pratibaddhatā)
* बद्धक (baddhak)
* संबद्ध (sambaddh)
* संबद्धता (sambaddhatā)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* baddha (Latin script)
* 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* বদ্ধ (Bengali script)
* බද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* ဗဒ္ဓ or ၿၻ္ꩪ or ၿၻ်ꩪ (Burmese script)
* พทฺธ or พัทธะ (Thai script)
* ᨻᨴ᩠ᨵ (Tai Tham script)
* ພທ຺ຘ or ພັທຘະ (Lao script)
* ពទ្ធ (Khmer script)
* 𑄝𑄘𑄴𑄙 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

बद्ध
* Devanagari script form of baddha, which is past passive participle of बन्धति (bandhati, “to bind”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* বদ্ধ (Assamese script)
* ᬩᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
* বদ্ধ (Bengali script)
* 𑰤𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* ဗဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
* બદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
* ਬਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌬𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
* ꦧꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
* 𑂥𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
* ಬದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
* ពទ្ធ (Khmer script)
* ພທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
* ബദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
* ᠪᠠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘤𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
* ᠪᠠᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧄𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐧𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
* ବଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
* ꢨꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆧𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
* 𑖤𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
* බද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩲𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚠𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
* ப³த்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
* బద్ధ (Telugu script)
* พทฺธ (Thai script)
* བ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒥𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨠𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (basta), Old Persian 𐎲𐎿𐎫 (b-s-t /⁠basta⁠/). Synchronically analysable as बन्ध् (bandh, root) +‎ -त (-ta).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /bɐd.dʱɐ́/, [bɐd̚.dʱɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈbɐd̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈbɐd̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

### Participle

बद्ध • (baddhá) past passive participle (root बन्ध्)
* past passive participle of बन्ध् (bandh)

### Adjective

बद्ध • (baddha) stem
* bound, tied
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.3:च॒त्वारि॒ शृङ्गा॒ त्रयो॑ अस्य॒ पादा॒ द्वे शी॒र्षे स॒प्त हस्ता॑सो अस्य । त्रिधा॑ ब॒द्धो वृ॑ष॒भो रो॑रवीति म॒हो दे॒वो मर्त्याँ॒ आ वि॑वेश ॥catvā́ri śṛ́ṅgā tráyo asya pā́dā dvé śīrṣé saptá hástāso asya. trídhā baddhó vṛṣabhó roravīti mahó devó mártyām̐ ā́ viveśa.Four are his horns, three are the feet that bear him; his heads are two, his hands are seven in number. Bound thrice, the Steer roars loudly: the mighty God hath entered in to mortals.
* fettered, chained
* fixed, fastened
* captured, imprisoned, caught, confined
* bound by the fetters of existence or evil
* hanged, hung
* tied up (as a braid of hair)

#### Derived terms

* अनुबद्ध (anubaddha)
* अपिबद्ध (apibaddha)
* अबद्ध (abaddha)
* अवबद्ध (avabaddha)
* आबद्ध (ābaddha)
* उद्बद्ध (udbaddha)
* उपबद्ध (upabaddha)
* दुर्बद्ध (durbaddha)
* निबद्ध (nibaddha)
* परिबद्ध (paribaddha)
* प्रतिबद्ध (pratibaddha)
* प्रबद्ध (prabaddha)
* बद्धक (baddhaka)
* विबद्ध (vibaddha)
* सम्बद्ध (sambaddha)
* सुबद्ध (subaddha)

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀥 (badha /⁠baddha⁠/)
** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
*** Gujarati: બાધું (bādhũ)
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬੱਧਾ (baddhā)
    Shahmukhi script: بَدّھا (baddhā)
*** Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ٻَڌو
    Devanagari script: ॿधो
* Helu Prakrit:
** Sinhalese: බද (bada)
* Pali: baddha
* → Bengali: বদ্ধ (boddho)
* → Gujarati: બદ્ધ (baddh)
* → Hindi: बद्ध (baddh)
* → Kannada: ಬದ್ಧ (baddha)
* → Malayalam: ബദ്ധം (baddhaṁ)
* → Marathi: बद्ध (baddha)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “बद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 719/3, 720/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 208