OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# सूकर
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* sūkara (Latin script)
* 𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* সূকর (Bengali script)
* සූකර (Sinhalese script)
* သူကရ or သူၵရ (Burmese script)
* สูกร or สูกะระ (Thai script)
* ᩈᩪᨠᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ສູກຣ or ສູກະຣະ (Lao script)
* សូករ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄫𑄇𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Noun

सूकर m
* Devanagari script form of sūkara

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সূকৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬹᬓᬭ (Balinese script)
* সূকর (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰳𑰎𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* သူကရ (Burmese script)
* સૂકર (Gujarati script)
* ਸੂਕਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍂𑌕𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦹꦏꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂴𑂍𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಸೂಕರ (Kannada script)
* សូករ (Khmer script)
* ສູກຣ (Lao script)
* സൂകര (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᡠᡠᡬᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘴𑘎𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠤᠤᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧕𑦮𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐹𑐎𑐬 (Newa script)
* ସୂକର (Odia script)
* ꢱꢹꢒꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆷𑆑𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖳𑖎𑖨 (Siddham script)
* සූකර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩒𑩛𑩜𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚱𑚊𑚤 (Takri script)
* ஸூகர (Tamil script)
* సూకర (Telugu script)
* สูกร (Thai script)
* སཱུ་ཀ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒴𑒏𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨃𑨊𑨋𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHkarás (“pig, boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs, “pig”), Latin sūs (“pig”), Avestan 𐬵𐬏 (hū), Persian خوک (xuk), Old English swīn (whence English swine), English sow, Bulgarian свиня́ (svinjá).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /suː.kɐ.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪uː.kɐ.ɾɐ/

### Noun

सूकर • (sūkará) stem, m
* pig, hog, swine, boar
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.55.04:त्वं सूकरस्य दर्दृहि तव दर्दर्तु सूकरः ।tvaṃ sūkarasya dardṛhi tava dardartu sūkaraḥ.Be on thy guard against the boar, and let the boar beware of thee.

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀽𑀓𑀭 (*sūkara), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑀮 (sukala /⁠sūkala⁠/)
** Khasa Prakrit:
*** Nepali: सुँगुर् (sũgur)
** Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (*sūara)
*** Bengali: শুয়োর (śuẏōr)
*** Rohingya: cúwor
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (sūara)
*** Old Marathi: सोवर (sovara)
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀽𑀕𑀭 (sūgara), *𑀲𑀽𑀅𑀭 (*sūara)
*** Gurjara Apabhramsa:
**** Gujarati: સૂવર (sūvar)
*** Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
**** Hindi: सूअर (sūar)
**** Urdu: سؤر (sūar)
** Paisaci Prakrit:
*** Punjabi: ਸੂਰ (sūr) / سُوْر (sūr)
* Pali: sūkara
** → Thai: สุกร (sù-gɔɔn)
* → Old Javanese: sūkara
** > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦏꦫ (sukara) (inherited)
* → Old Marathi: सुक्र (sukra), सूकर (sūkara)
* → Proto-Munda: *sukuri
** Mundari: [script needed] (suku'ri) (Darigutu)
** Santali: ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ (sukri)
* → Telugu: సూకరము (sūkaramu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “सूकर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1240.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sūkará”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# ipervolemico
## Italian
### Etymology

From ipervolemia +‎ -ico or iper- +‎ volemico.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.per.voˈlɛ.mi.ko/
* Rhymes: -ɛmiko
* Hyphenation: i‧per‧vo‧lè‧mi‧co

### Adjective

ipervolemico (feminine ipervolemica, masculine plural ipervolemici, feminine plural ipervolemiche)
* (medicine) hypervolemic

#### Related terms

* ipervolemia
# cioară
## Romanian
### Etymology

Unknown. Possibly a substratum word of Dacian and ultimately Indo-European origin, related to Albanian sorrë, or borrowed from it; compare Aromanian cioarã, tsoarã. Also seemingly related to several Italian dialect cognates, compare Friulian çore, Calabrian ciola, Neapolitan ciàula, Sicilian ciaula and Tarantino ciola.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃo̯a.rə/

### Noun

cioară f (plural ciori)
* crow
* (slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) slur for a dark-skinned person, especially a Roma/Gypsy. Less usual, a slur for a black person
    Synonyms: țigan, negru

#### Derived terms

* a-l râde și ciorile
* cât cioara în par, ca cioara în par
* ceapa-ciorii
* cioară-de-câmp
* cioară-de-semănătură
* cioară-gulerată
* cioară-pucioasă
* ciocul-ciorii
* ciorărie
* cioresc
* cioroaică
* cioroi
* cum ciorile?, ce ciorile?
* macul-ciorii

#### Derived terms

* cioroi

#### See also

* alunar
* corb
* corvid
* coțofană
* cronc
* gaiță

### References

* ↑ cioară in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
# crystallized
## English
### Adjective

crystallized
* having definitive and fixed form, solidified.
* being crystalline, in the form of crystals.
* to give something a definite or precise form.

#### Derived terms

* crystallized fruit
* noncrystallized
* semicrystallized

#### Translations
### Verb

crystallized
* simple past and past participle of crystallize
# apuñalamiento
## Spanish
### Etymology

From apuñalar +‎ -miento.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apuɲalaˈmjento/ [a.pu.ɲa.laˈmjẽn̪.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -ento
* Syllabification: a‧pu‧ña‧la‧mien‧to

### Noun

apuñalamiento m (plural apuñalamientos)
* stabbing
    Synonym: acuchillamiento

### Further reading

* “apuñalamiento”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# λιπαρός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From λιπάω (lipáō) +‎ -ρός (-rós), from λίπος (lípos, “fat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li.pa.rós/ → /li.paˈros/ → /li.paˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /li.pa.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /li.paˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /li.paˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /li.paˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /li.paˈros/

### Adjective

λῐπᾰρός • (lĭpărós) m (feminine λῐπᾰρᾱ́, neuter λῐπᾰρόν); first/second declension
* oily, shiny with oil, anointed
* fatty, greasy, unctuous
* shining, sleek, smooth (of the skin)
* rich, comfortable, easy (of condition of state)
* bright, brilliant, splendid (of things)
* fat, fruitful, fertile (of soil)

#### Derived terms

* λῐπᾰράμπυξ (lĭpărámpux)
* λῐπᾰραυγής (lĭpăraugḗs)
* λῐπᾰρέω (lĭpăréō)
* λῐπᾰρής (lĭpărḗs)
* λιπάρησις (lipárēsis)
* λῐπᾰρητέον (lĭpărētéon)
* λῐπᾰρία (lĭpăría)
* λῐπᾰριάζω (lĭpăriázō)
* λῐπᾰρίσχιος (lĭpărískhios)
* λῐπᾰρόγειος (lĭpărógeios)
* λῐπᾰρόζωνος (lĭpărózōnos)
* λῐπᾰρόθρονος (lĭpăróthronos)
* λῐπᾰροκρήδεμνος (lĭpărokrḗdemnos)
* λῐπᾰρόμματος (lĭpărómmatos)
* λῐπᾰροπλόκαμος (lĭpăroplókamos)
* λῐπᾰροποιέω (lĭpăropoiéō)
* λῐπᾰρότης (lĭpărótēs)
* λῐπᾰρότροφος (lĭpărótrophos)
* λῐπᾰρόχροος (lĭpărókhroos)
* λῐπᾰρῶς (lĭpărôs)
* λῐπᾰρώψ (lĭpărṓps)

#### Descendants

* Greek: λιπαρός (liparós)

### Further reading

* “λιπαρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* λιπαρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λιπαρός (liparós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li.paˈɾos/
* Hyphenation: λι‧πα‧ρός

### Adjective

λιπαρός • (liparós) m (feminine λιπαρή, neuter λιπαρό)
* fatty, greasy, oily (containing oil or fat)
    λιπαρό δέρμα ― liparó dérma ― greasy/oily skin

#### Declension

Derivations: Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο λιπαρός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο λιπαρός, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* λιπαρά n pl (lipará)

#### Related terms

* see: λίπος n (lípos, “fat”)

### References

* ↑ λιπαρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# 欲仙欲死
## Chinese

| | | desire; longing; appetitedesire; longing; appetite; wish | immortal | desire; longing; appetitedesire; longing; appetite; wish | to die; impassable; uncrossableto die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid |
| trad. (欲仙欲死) | trad. (欲仙欲死) | 欲 | 仙 | 欲 | 死 |
| simp. $^#$(欲仙欲死) | simp. $^#$(欲仙欲死) | 欲 | 仙 | 欲 | 死 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yùxiānyùsǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˋ ㄙˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yùxiānyùsǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˋ ㄙˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yùsianyùsǐh
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$-hsien$^1$-yü$^4$-ssŭ$^3$
*** Yale: yù-syān-yù-sž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhshianyuhsyy
*** Palladius: юйсяньюйсы (jujsjanʹjujsy)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ y⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Idiom

欲仙欲死
* to be in utter ecstasy
# chairwoman
## English
### Etymology

From chair +‎ -woman.

### Noun

chairwoman (plural chairwomen)
* A female chairperson
** 1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland
    At a Reform dinner which took place in 1832, the united ages of three women, including the chairwoman, amounted to 264.
* (obsolete) A charwoman
** a. 1746 (date written), Jonathan Swift, “(please specify the title)”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume (please specify |volume=I to XIX), London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC:[…] according to her skill and qualifications, whether in the nature of a dairy-maid, a cook, or chairwoman.

#### Synonyms

* chairmaness

#### Hypernyms

* chair, chairperson
* presiding officer, presider

#### Coordinate terms

* chairman

#### Derived terms

* chairwomanship
* cochairwoman
# precocious
## English
### Etymology

From Latin praecox (“premature, precocious, ripe before time, early ripe”), from praecoquō (“to ripen beforehand, ripen fully, also boil beforehand”), from prae (“before”) + coquō (“to cook, boil, ripen”). Doublet of apricot.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: prĭ-kō'shəs, IPA: /pɹəˈkəʊʃəs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊʃəs

### Adjective

precocious (comparative more precocious, superlative most precocious)
* Characterized by exceptionally early development or maturity.
    The precocious plant was already blooming flowers by day 4.
** 1859, George Meredith, chapter 15, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:Now those abominations whom you call precocious boys—your little pet monsters, doctor!—and who can wonder that the world is what it is? when it is full of them—as they will have no divine time to look back upon in their own lives, how can they believe in innocence and goodness, or be other than sons of selfishness and the Devil?
** 1981, Donna Weiss, Jackie DeShannon (lyrics and music), “Bette Davis Eyes”, performed by Kim Carnes:She's precocious and she knows just / What it takes to make a pro blush
** 2014 November 14, Stephen Halliday, “Scotland 1-0 Republic of Ireland: Maloney the hero”, in The Scotsman‎:Scotland’s most encouraging early source of an attacking threat was Andrew Robertson as the precocious left-back charged forward to good effect on a couple of occasions.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:Both groups, also, have already evolved precocious (intracapsular) spore germination.
* Exhibiting advanced skills and aptitudes at an abnormally early age.
    The precocious child began reading the newspaper at age four.
** 1964, Sherman Brothers (lyrics and music), “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious”, in Mary Poppins, Walt Disney:Mary: Even though the sound of it is something quite atrocious / If you say it loud enough you'll always sound precocious.

#### Synonyms

* tranty
* prodigious

#### Antonyms

* altricious
* serotinous

#### Derived terms

* precociously
* precociousness
* precocious pseudopuberty

#### Related terms

* precocity

#### Translations
### See also

* prodigy
* apricot

### Further reading

* “precocious”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “precocious”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “precocious”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# teishoku
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 定食 (teishoku).

### Noun

teishoku (plural teishoku)
* A set meal, usually a tray with one or more main courses, along with a number of side dishes (salad, rice, pickles, soup, etc.).

#### Related terms

* teishoku-ya

## Japanese
### Romanization

teishoku
* Rōmaji transcription of ていしょく
# betrekken
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch betrecken. Equivalent to be- +‎ trekken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈtrɛkə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: be‧trek‧ken
* Rhymes: -ɛkən

### Verb

betrekken
* (transitive) to involve, to implicate
* (transitive) to live, to settle in
* (transitive) to obtain
* (intransitive) to become cloudy

#### Derived terms

* betrekkelijk
* betrekking
* betrokkenheid
# betreffen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From be- +‎ treffen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈtrɛfə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: be‧tref‧fen
* Rhymes: -ɛfən

### Verb

betreffen
* (transitive) to concern, to affect

#### Derived terms

* betreffende
* wat betreft
* wat mij betreft

## German
### Etymology

From be- +‎ treffen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bəˈtʁɛfɱ̩], [bəˈtʁɛfən]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: be‧tref‧fen
* Rhymes: -ɛfn̩

### Verb

betreffen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present betrifft, past tense betraf, past participle betroffen, past subjunctive beträfe, auxiliary haben)
* to concern, to have to do with or affect a business of
    Synonyms: angehen, belangen, beregen
    Was die Regierung betrifft, so leistet sie schlechte Arbeit.As for the government, they are doing a poor job.
* (dated) to encounter
    Synonyms: antreffen, stellen

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Betreff
* betreffend

### Further reading

* “betreffen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “betreffen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “betreffen” in Duden online
* “betreffen” in OpenThesaurus.de
# bevestigen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch bevestigen, replacing older bevesten. By surface analysis, be- +‎ vestigen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəˈvɛstəɣə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: be‧ves‧ti‧gen

### Verb

bevestigen
* (transitive) to fasten, attach
    Er is daarnaast de mogelijkheid om het apparaat aan de muur te bevestigen. ― It is also possible to attach the device to the wall.
* (transitive) to confirm
    Synonym: verifiëren
    Ik kan dat gerucht niet bevestigen. ― I cannot confirm that rumor.

#### Derived terms

* bevestiging

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: bevestig
* Negerhollands: bevestig
# stupire
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin stupēre, with a change in conjugation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stuˈpi.re/
* Rhymes: -ire
* Hyphenation: stu‧pì‧re

### Verb

stupìre (first-person singular present stupìsco, first-person singular past historic stupìi, past participle stupìto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)
* (transitive) to surprise, to amaze, to astonish, to marvel, to flabbergast, to wow
    Synonyms: meravigliare, sorprendere
* (reflexive) See stupirsi.
* (intransitive, rare) to be surprised, to be amazed
    Synonym: stupirsi
** 1969, Nino Ferrer (lyrics and music), “Agata”:Agata, guarda, stupisci, com'è ridotto quest'uomo per te.Agatha, look, be amazed, the state of this man because of you.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Transitive. $^2$Intransitive.

#### Related terms

* stupefare
* stupendo
* stupido
* stupore

### References

* ↑ stupire in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* perusti, puriste
# tukea
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tukëdak, a denominal verb of tuki.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtukeɑˣ/, [ˈt̪uk̟e̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ukeɑ
* Hyphenation: tu‧kea

#### Verb

tukea
* (transitive) to support, shore/prop/back up (mentally or physically)
    Synonym: avustaa
* (transitive, usually atelic) to support/back (financially), give financial support to, subsidize, finance; to sponsor; to sustain
    Synonyms: rahoittaa, sponsoroida, pitää yllä (“to sustain”)
* (transitive, usually atelic) to substantiate, corroborate
    Synonym: vahvistaa
    Onko sinulla mitään, mikä tukisi syytöksiäsi?Do you have anything that would substantiate your allegations?

##### Derived terms

* tukeva
* tuenta
* tukeminen
* tukiainen
* tukija
* tukeutua

##### See also

* kannattaa

#### Further reading

* “tukea”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtukeɑ/, [ˈt̪uk̟e̞ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ukeɑ
* Hyphenation: tu‧kea

#### Noun

tukea
* partitive singular of tuki

### Anagrams

* kutea
# malvarme
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From mal- (“opposite of”) +‎ varme (“warmly, hotly”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [malˈvarme]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arme
* Hyphenation: mal‧var‧me

### Adjective

malvarme
* coldly (temperature)
    Synonym: (poetic, neologism) fride
    Antonym: varme (“warmly, hotly”)

#### Related terms

* malvarma (“cold”)
* malvarmi (“to be cold”)
* malvarmo (“the cold”)
# woon
## English
### Etymology

From Burmese ဝန် (wan, “burden; responsibility; administrative officer”).

### Noun

woon (plural woons)
* (obsolete) A Burmese governor or officer of administration.

#### Related terms

* may-woon
* woon-douk
* woon-gyee

#### References

* Henry Yule, A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903) “woon”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋoːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: woon
* Rhymes: -oːn

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch wone.

#### Noun

woon f (uncountable)
* domicile, residence, home, abode (place of living)
* residence, inhabiting (state of residing)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

woon
* inflection of wonen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Tlingit
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

woon
* maggot

### Further reading

* Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020) Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN
# giftig
## Danish
### Etymology

From gift (“poison”) +‎ -ig, after German giftig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡifti/, [ˈɡ̊ifd̥i]

### Adjective

giftig
* poisonous
* venomous
* toxic
* waspish
* catty
* barbed
* disagreeable

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “giftig” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From gift (“poison”) +‎ -ig. Cognate with German giftig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɣɪf.təx/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gif‧tig
* Rhymes: -ɪftəx

### Adjective

giftig (comparative giftiger, superlative giftigst)
* poisonous, venomous, toxic
    Synonyms: toxisch, venijnig, vergiftig, vergiftigend

#### Derived terms

* vergiftigen

#### Related terms

* gif
* gift
* ontgiften
* vergif

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German giftec; equivalent to Gift +‎ -ig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɪftɪç/ (standard)
* IPA: /ˈɡɪftɪk/ (common form in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gif‧tig

### Adjective

giftig (strong nominative masculine singular giftiger, comparative giftiger, superlative am giftigsten)
* poisonous

#### Derived terms

* hochgiftig
* ungiftig

#### Related terms

* vergiften

### Adverb

giftig
* venomously

### Further reading

* “giftig” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “giftig” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “giftig” in Duden online

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From gift +‎ -ig.

### Adjective

giftig (indefinite singular giftig, definite singular and plural giftige, comparative giftigere, indefinite superlative giftigst, definite superlative giftigste)
* toxic, poisonous, venomous

### References

* “giftig” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From gift +‎ -ig.

### Adjective

giftig (indefinite singular giftig, definite singular and plural giftige, comparative giftigare, indefinite superlative giftigast, definite superlative giftigaste)
* poisonous, toxic, venomous

### References

* “giftig” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɪfˌtɪɡː/

### Adjective

giftig (comparative giftigare, superlative giftigast)
* of a harmful chemical nature; poisonous, toxic
* (of language etc.) mean or sarcastic in nature; caustic, sharp

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### References

* giftig in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* giftig in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* giftig in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# stemmen
## Danish
### Noun

stemmen c
* definite singular of stemme

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɛmə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stem‧men
* Rhymes: -ɛmən

### Etymology 1

From stem +‎ -en.

#### Verb

stemmen
* (intransitive, sometimes transitive) to vote (to cast a vote)
* (transitive) to adopt by vote (Can we verify this sense?)
* (transitive) to tune (to the right pitch)
* (transitive) to bring into a certain mood
    Ons offer zal de goden gunstig stemmen.Our offering will please the gods.
* (intransitive, obsolete) to agree

##### Derived terms

* afstemmen
* bestemmen
* herstemmen
* instemmen
* overeenstemmen
* stembiljet
* stembureau
* stemhok
* stemlocatie
* stemlokaal
* stemmer
* stemming
* stemplicht
* stempotlood
* stemrecht
* stemvork

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stem
* → Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi
* → Papiamentu: stèm, stem

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

stemmen
* plural of stem

## German
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Compare Old Norse stemma (“to halt, to dam”), Swedish stämma (“to block”), Old English gistemen (“to restrain”), English stem and English stammer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃtɛmən/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

stemmen (weak, third-person singular present stemmt, past tense stemmte, past participle gestemmt, auxiliary haben)
* to press, to press against, to brace
    Synonyms: drücken, pressen, drängen
    Er stemmte sich gegen die Menschenmenge. ― He braced himself against the crowd.
* (sports) to lift
* (figurative, colloquial) to afford (to be able or rich enough)
** 2024 July 12, “EU: Neue Plastikgesetze könnten Import von Schnittblumen aus Kenia beeinträchtigen”, in Der Spiegel‎, →ISSN:Die Vorschriften führten zu Extrakosten. Diese könnten manche Handelspartner nicht stemmen, befürchten Experten.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Stemmeisen
* Stemmmeißel
* durchstemmen
* emporstemmen
* herausstemmen
* hochstemmen

#### See also

* stumm
* Stummel

### Further reading

* “stemmen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “stemmen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “stemmen” in Duden online
* “stemmen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *stemmen, from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną.

### Verb

stemmen
* to stem, to stop, to block

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “stemmen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

stemmen m
* definite singular of stemme