# πυρός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology 1

From a Proto-Indo-European *puH-ro-s (“corn, wheat”), also reflected in Lithuanian pū́ras (“single winter corn”), Proto-Slavic *py̑rь (“dog-grass”), and Old English fyrs (“idem”). Further analysis of the root is disputed:
* Trubachev takes the root as a nominal derivative from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”), like πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). The original sense would have been “spelt”, due to the grains having to be dried on fire, with semantic transfer onto the later popular wheat, while other languages used new formations from different roots to denote wheat, such as Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz, Proto-Slavic *pьšenica, etc.
* Derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“to strike, hit”), and compared with Latin paviō (“idem”), as grains are beaten and cleaned in order to harvest them.
* An old Wanderwort of ultimately unclear origin, which entered Proto-Indo-European before the various branches diverged. Beekes appears to tentatively favor this theory. See the following footnote for more.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pyː.rós/ → /pyˈros/ → /piˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pyː.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /piˈros/

#### Noun

πῡρός • (pūrós) m (genitive πῡροῦ); second declension
* wheat
* a grain of wheat

##### Derived terms

* διόσπῡρος (dióspūros)
* (perhaps) πῡραμίς (pūramís)
* πῡρομέτρης (pūrométrēs)
* πῡρήν (pūrḗn)

##### Descendants

* →? Arabic: بُرّ (burr, “wheat”)
* → Old Georgian: პური (ṗuri)
** Georgian: პური (ṗuri, “wheat; bread”)
*** → Armenian: պուրի (puri)
* ⇒ Sicilian: puru puru (interjection used to call hens, now disconnected from the sense of “wheat”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /py.rós/ → /pyˈros/ → /piˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /py.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pyˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /piˈros/

#### Noun

πῠρός • (pŭrós)
* genitive singular of πῦρ (pûr)

### References

* 1 2 3 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πῡρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1263-4
* ↑ Трубачёв, Олег Николаевич (a. 2002) Этногенез и культура древнейших славян (in Russian), Moscow: Наука, published 2003, →ISBN, pages 232–233
* ↑ Brown, John Pairman (2000) Israel and Hellas (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 276), volume II, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, page 9 seqq., considering rather owing to the original uncommonness of proper wheat in Classical Antiquity – πόλτος (póltos) and Latin puls meaning porridge of spelt, χῡλός (khūlós) gruel of barley – a Semitic origin, compare Hebrew בָּר (bār, “grain, especially of wheat”) and Arabic بُرّ (burr, “wheat”)

### Further reading

* “πυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G4450 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. corn idem, page 174.wheat idem, page 974.
* “πυρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Noun

πυρός • (pyrós) n
* genitive singular of πυρ (pyr)