# pugno
## Catalan
### Verb

pugno
* first-person singular present indicative of pugnar

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian pugno, from Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”). Compare French poing. Related to pojno. Doublet of ponardo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpuɡno]
* Rhymes: -uɡno
* Hyphenation: pug‧no

### Noun

pugno (accusative singular pugnon, plural pugnoj, accusative plural pugnojn)
* fist
    Li kolerplene svingis al mi sian pugnon. "Nun min batalu!" li kriis.He angrily swung his fist at me. "Fight me already!" he cried.

## Interlingua
### Noun

pugno (plural pugnos)
* fist

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/
* Rhymes: -uɲɲo
* Hyphenation: pù‧gno

### Etymology 1

From Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).

#### Noun

pugno m (plural pugni or (archaic or literary) pugna f)
* fist
* punch
* fistful, handful
* (figurative, by extension) small quantity; handful
** 2020 September 24, Massimo Basile, “Biden sì, ma non troppo: nel Minnesota di Floyd nessun voto è scontato [Biden yes, but not too much: in Floyd's Minnesota no vote is taken for granted]”, in la Repubblica‎:In realtà da decenni qui i repubblicani perdono per un pugno di voti.In reality, for decades Repubblicans have been losing by a handful of votes.

##### Derived terms

* impugnare
* pugnale
* pugnare
* pugnello
* pugno di ferro

##### Descendants

* → Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

pugno
* first-person singular present indicative of pugnare

### Anagrams

* pungo

## Latin
### Etymology

From pugnus (“fist”) +‎ -ō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpuɡ.noː/, [ˈpʊŋnoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/, [ˈpuɲːo]

### Noun

pugnō m
* dative/ablative singular of pugnus

### Verb

pugnō (present infinitive pugnāre, perfect active pugnāvī, supine pugnātum); first conjugation
* to fight, combat, battle, engage
    Synonyms: lūctor, repugnō, contendō, dēcernō, committō, concurrō, certō, bellō, dīmicō, cōnflīgō, serō, dēcertō
* to contend, conflict, oppose, contradict
* to endeavour, struggle, strive
    Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, appetō, temptō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, contendō, adnītor, labōrō, īnsequor, molior, perīclitor, nītor, ēnītor, spectō

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

#### Derived terms

* appugnō
* compugnō
* dēpugnō
* expugnō
* impugnō
* oppugnō
* prōpugnō
* pugna
* pugnāculum
* pugnantia
* pugnātor
* pugnax
* pugnus
* repugnō

#### Related terms

* pugnācitās
* pugnāciter
* pugnātōrius
* pugnātrix
* pugneus
* pugnicula
* pugnitus
* pugnus

#### Descendants

* Asturian: puñar
* Catalan: punyar
* Franco-Provençal: pugnier
* Old French: puignier
** French: pugner
* Galician: puñar, pugnar
* Italian: pugnare
* Occitan: punhar
* Spanish: puñar, pugnar
* Sardinian: punnare

### See also

* pungō

### References

* “pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* pugno in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* pugno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be mutually contradictory: inter se pugnare or repugnare to contradict oneself, be inconsistent: secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things) to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare the issue of the battle is undecided: ancipiti Marte pugnatur to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare to fight in open order: laxatis (opp. confertis) ordinibus pugnare to fight like lions: ferarum ritu pugnare to fight in skirmishing order: rari dispersique pugnare (B. C. 1. 44) (ambiguous) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna (ambiguous) to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere

## Portuguese
### Verb

pugno
* first-person singular present indicative of pugnar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpuɡno/ [ˈpuɣ̞.no]
* Rhymes: -uɡno
* Syllabification: pug‧no

### Verb

pugno
* first-person singular present indicative of pugnar