# ил
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [il]
* Hyphenation: ил (one syllable)

### Noun

ил • (il)
* country, state
    Сит ил.Sit il.A foreign country.
    Һалдат илде һаҡлай.Haldat ilde haqlay.Soldier guards the country.
    Йәш быуын — илдең киләсәге.Yəş bıwın — ildeñ kiləsəge.The young generation is the country's future.
    Илдә тәмәке тартыуға ҡаршы аҙналыҡ башланды.İldə təməke tartıwğa qarşı aźnalıq başlandı.A weekly campaign against tobacco smoking has begun in the country.
    Беҙҙең илебеҙҙә Интернет түгел, гәзит барып етмәгән, почтальон аяғы баҫмаған мөйөштәр бар һаман.Beźźeñ ilebeźźə İnternet tügel, gəzit barıp yetməgən, poçtalʹon ayağı baśmağan möyöştər bar haman.There are still locations in our country where newspapers do not reach, (where) postman's feet hasn't touched yet, let alone the Internet.
* society, people
* (archaic) homeland
    Батыр яуҙан ҡайтмаһа, даны ҡайтыр иленә.Batır yawźan qaytmaha, danı qaytır ilenə.If a hero does not return from war, his good name will return to his homeland.

#### Declension
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьlъ, *jilъ. Attested more in Western dialects.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ил • (il) m
* silt, mire
    Synonyms: тиня (tinja), утайка (utajka)
* moor, bog
    Synonym: тресавище (tresavište)

#### Derived terms

* илав (ilav, “slimy, muddy”)
** илавица (ilavica, “clay-rich earth”)
* илов (ilov, “pitch-dark, dirty”)
* илест (ilest, “muddy”)

### References

* “ил”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ил¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 64

## Chuvash
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”).

### Verb

ил • (il)
* to take
* to remove, to take away
* to bring, to bring along
* to buy, to purchase
* to receive
* to charge, collect, to levy, to take monies (in forms of taxes, payments, duties, tariffs, and fines)
* to capture, seize
    тыткӑна ил ― tytkăna il ― to take captives
    хулана ил ― hulana il ― to seize/capture the town
* penetrate, pierce
* (of clothes etc.) take off (remove)

### Further reading

* “ил”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jilъ, *jьlъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iɫ]
* Rhymes: -iɫ

### Noun

ил • (il) m or f
* clay
    Synonym: глина f (glina)

#### Declension

(Masculine declension)
(Feminine declension)

#### Derived terms

* илест (ilest)
* иловица f (ilovica)

### References

* “ил” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Mongolian
### Pronunciation

(Ulaanbaatar) IPA: /iɮ/, [iɮ]

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Buryat эли (eli, “wapiti fawn”), Kalmyk ил (il, “fawn”).
Compare Proto-Turkic *elik (“roebuck, wild goat”) (see Turkish elik) and Even елкэн (jelkən, “reindeer (leader of the herd)”), similar to other Eurasian deer-related words such as Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“deer”), Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *əlwæ (“wild reindeer”) (Chukchi ылвылю), Ket илэ. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Alternative forms

* илий (ilii)

#### Noun

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠢ (ili))
* fawn (a young deer)

##### Related terms

* илэг (ileg, “suede, deerskin”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Yakut илэ (ile, “explicitly, openly”).

#### Adjective

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠡ (ile))
* clear, obvious, perceptible
    Synonyms: тод (tod), тодорхой (todorxoj), илэрхий (ilerxii), ил тод (il tod)
    ил захидал ― il zaxidal ― post card
* out in the open (not hidden; not inside)
    Synonyms: задгай (zadgaj), ил задгай (il zadgaj)
    ил уурхай ― il uurxaj ― opencast mine
* known (not secret)

##### Antonyms

* нууц (nuuc, “secret”)
* далд (dald, “covered, invisible”)
* дотор (dotor, “inside”)

#### Adverb

ил • (il)
* publicly, openly
    ил хэлэх ― il xelex ― to say to one’s face
    ил гаргах ― il gargax ― to make clear
    ил ярих ― il jarix ― give a speech

#### Derived terms

* ил задгай (il zadgaj, “bare, open”)
* ил тод (il tod, “plain, obvious”)
* илдэх (ildex, “to be evident”)
** илтгэх (iltgex, “to report”)
*** илтгэгч (iltgegč, “orator”)
*** илтгэл (iltgel, “presentation”)
*** илтгэц (iltgec, “index”)
* илрэх (ilrex, “to manifest, to become obvious”)
** илрүүлэх (ilrüülex, “to expose, to detect”)
*** илрүүлэлт (ilrüülelt, “exposé, exposure”)
** илрэл (ilrel, “manifestation, display”)
* илхэн (ilxen, “obvious”)
* илчлэх (ilčlex, “to disclose, to expose”)
** илчлэлт (ilčlelt, “revalation”)
* илэрхий (ilerxii, “clear, evident”)
** илэрхийлэх (ilerxiilex, “to clarify, to express”)
*** илэрхийлэл (ilerxiilel, “statement”)
*** илэрхийлэлт (ilerxiilelt, “expression”)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from a Turkic language, hailing back to Proto-Turkic *ēl. The sense evolution of international relations, ally and peace is attested already in pre-Mongolian Turkic languages.

#### Alternative forms

* ᠡᠯ (el)

#### Noun

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯ (il))
* country, territory
* (archaic) ally
* (archaic) harmony, peace

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠢ (ili))
* imperative of илэх (ilex)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* илъ (il) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic илъ (ilŭ), from Proto-Slavic *jьlъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ил • (il) m inan (genitive и́ла, nominative plural и́лы, genitive plural и́лов)
* silt, clay, mud, ooze, sludge

#### Related terms

* илистость (ilistostʹ)
* илистый (ilistyj), иловый (ilovyj)

### Anagrams

* ли (li)

## Yakut
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”).

#### Noun

ил • (il)
* (geography) state

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

ил • (il)
* friendship, amity
* (diplomacy, religion) peace
    Synonym: эйэ (eye, “peace”)
    Antonym: сэрии (serii, “war”)

##### Derived terms

* илдьит (iljit, “ambassador”)