# celer
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Sellerie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɛlɛr]

### Noun

celer m inan
* celery

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “celer”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “celer”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “celer”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.le/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

celer
* (transitive, literary) to conceal, hide
    Synonym: cacher
** 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:Elle vous aime assez pour ne vous rien celerShe likes you enough that she will conceal nothing from you

#### Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il cèle and the third-person singular future indicative il cèlera.

### Further reading

* “celer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō), Ancient Greek κέλης (kélēs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈke.ler/, [ˈkɛɫ̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃe.ler/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːler]

### Adjective

celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus, adverb celeriter); third-declension three-termination adjective
* fast, swift, quick, speedy, fleet
    Synonyms: rapidus, vēlōx, levis, properus, prōmptus, facilis
    Antonyms: lentus, tardus, sērus

#### Usage notes

According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.
On the other hand, vēlōx and pernīx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)
Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.

#### Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

#### Derived terms

* celerātim
* celeripēs
* celeritās
* celeriter
* celeritūdō
* celeriusculē
* celerō
* perceler
* praeceler

#### Related terms

* celōx

#### Descendants

* Portuguese: célere
* Spanish: célere
* Italian: celere
* English: celerity

### References

* “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* celer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “celer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “celer”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Middle French
### Verb

celer
* to hide

#### Conjugation

* Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

#### Descendants

* French: celer

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

### Verb

celer
* to conceal
** c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:Mes dites moi, nel me celezBut tell me, do not hide it from me

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sêler/
* Hyphenation: ce‧ler

### Noun

cȅler m (Cyrillic spelling це̏лер)
* celery