# 臆

| 臆 | U+81C6, &#33222; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81C6 |
| ← 臅 [U+81C5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臇 → [U+81C7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

臆 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月卜廿心 (BYTP), four-corner 7023$_6$, composition ⿰月意(GJK) or ⿰⺼意(HTV))

#### Derived characters

* 𡄯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29951
* Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2118, character 3
* Unihan data for U+81C6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 臆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 噫 | *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ |
| 譩 | *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl |
| 醷 | *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ |
| 意 | *qɯɡs |
| 鷾 | *qɯɡs |
| 憶 | *qɯɡ |
| 億 | *qɯɡ |
| 臆 | *qɯɡ |
| 繶 | *qɯɡ |
| 澺 | *qɯɡ |
| 薏 | *qɯɡ |
| 檍 | *qɯɡ |
| 癔 | *qɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

### Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), whence Thai อก (òk). Cognate with 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “mind”) and 憶 (OC *qɯɡ, “to remember”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jik$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ek / iak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êg$^8$ / êg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$i
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^1$
*** Yale: yīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
*** Tâi-lô: ik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
*** Tâi-lô: iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: êg$^8$ / êg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k / ek
*** Sinological IPA : /ek̚⁴/, /ek̚²/
* êg8 - Chaozhou;
* êg4 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: 'ik
Rime :
| Character | 臆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於力切 |
| Baxter | 'ik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔik › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ(r)ək/ |
| English | bosom |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15158 |
| Phonetic component | 意 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 憶 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯɡ/ |

#### Definitions

臆
* chest; breast; bosom
* thought

#### Compounds

* 傾吐胸臆 / 倾吐胸臆
* 直抒胸臆
* 胸臆 (xiōngyì)
* 臆度
* 臆想 (yìxiǎng)
* 臆想狂
* 臆想症
* 臆斷 / 臆断
* 臆測 / 臆测 (yìcè)
* 臆見 / 臆见 (yìjiàn)
* 臆造 (yìzào)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ioh / ip
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iêh$^4$ / ioh$^4$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ioh
*** Tâi-lô: ioh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore): /ioʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines): /ioʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /iɤʔ³²/
*** IPA (Yilan): /ioʔ²/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ip
*** Tâi-lô: ip
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ib
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iêh$^4$ / ioh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ieh / ioh
*** Sinological IPA : /ieʔ²/, /ioʔ²/
* iêh4 - Chaozhou;
* ioh4 - Shantou.

#### Definitions

臆
* (Southern Min) to guess
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to purchase objects by quantity and not by weight

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 猜, 猜測, 猜想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 猜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 猜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 猜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 猜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 猜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 猜, 揣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 猜, 諳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 猜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 猜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 猜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 猜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 估, 猜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 估 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 估 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 估 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 估 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 估 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 猜, 批 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 估 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 估 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 猜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 揣, 猜, 估 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 揣 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 揣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 揣 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 揣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 揣 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 臆 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 估 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 猜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 估 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 準, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 臆, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 臆, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 猜, 臆 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 猜, 臆 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 猜, 臆 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 猜, 阿甲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 臆, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 臆 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 臆, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 臆, 猜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 猜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 猜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 猜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 猜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 猜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 估, 猜 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 估 |

#### Compounds

* 臆出出
* 臆子
* 臆猜
* 臆謎 / 臆谜
* 臆隻 / 臆只

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03368
* “臆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 臆 |
| Kyūjitai | 臆󠄂 臆+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* chest; breast; heart
* to repress one's mind; to be hesitant in one's thoughts
* timid; nervous; afraid

#### Readings

* Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よく (yoku)
* Kun: おくする (okusuru, 臆する)、おしはかる (oshihakaru, 臆る)、おぼえる (oboeru)、おもう (omō)、むね (mune)
* Nanori: ぞう (zō)、むね (mune)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 臆
* おく Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 臆 (MC 'ik).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞kɯ̟]

### Affix

臆(おく) • (oku)
* chest
* guess; conjecture
* timid; nervous

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 臆 is mostly replaced by 憶, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Derived terms

* 臆(おく)出(しゅつ) (okushutsu)
* 臆(おく)度(たく) (okutaku): guessing; speculation
* 臆(おく)断(だん) (okudan): alternative form of 憶(おく)断(だん) (okudan, “hasty conclusion; conjecture”)
* 臆(おく)病(びょう) (okubyō): timidity; cowardice
* 臆(おく)面(めん) (okumen): shy face
* 臆(おっ)見(けん) (okken): conjecture
* 臆(おく)説(せつ) (okusetsu): hypothesis; speculation
* 臆(おく)測(そく) (okusoku): guessing; supposition

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1768 (paper), page 936 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 臆 (MC 'ik).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᆨ〮 (Yale: quk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 억〮 (ék) (Yale: ek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 臆 (eumhun 가슴 억 (gaseum eok))
* hanja form of 억 (“chest”)

#### Compounds

* 억견 (臆見, eokgyeon, “conjecture”)
* 억단 (臆斷, eokdan, “surmise”)
* 억측 (臆測, eokcheuk, “speculation; conjecture”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

臆: Hán Nôm readings: ức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation

## Zhuang
### Noun

臆
* Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)