# ἥμερος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Of unclear origin; not related to ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā, “day”). Some proposed theories:
* Related to Sanskrit यम् (yam, “to restrain, tame, subdue”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to restrain, seize”).
* Related to Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“soft, gentle”) and Sanskrit सान्त्व (sāntva, “gentleness, consolation”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *sóm-tu-s, itself a derivative of *sem- (“one, together”).
* Related to Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“sad, sorrowful, miserable”), which is generally thought to be of the same origin as यम् (yam) above.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛ̌ː.me.ros/ → /ˈi.me.ros/ → /ˈi.me.ros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hɛ̌ː.me.ros/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)e̝.me.ros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.me.ros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.me.ros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.me.ros/

### Adjective

ἥμερος • (hḗmeros) m or f (neuter ἥμερον); second declension or ἥμερος • (hḗmeros) m (feminine ἡμέρᾱ, neuter ἥμερον); first/second declension
* tame, civilized, cultivated

#### Inflection

As a two-ending adjective:
As a three-ending adjective:

#### Derived terms

* ἀνήμερος (anḗmeros, “uncultivated, rough, wild”)
* ἡμερία (hēmería, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
* ἡμερίδης (hēmerídēs, “regarding an improved vine”)
* ἡμερίς (hēmerís, “improved vine”)
* ἡμερότης (hēmerótēs, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
* ἡμερόφυλλος (hēmeróphullos, “with improved leaves; improved”)
* ἡμερόω (hēmeróō, “to tame, cultivate, improve”)
* ἡμέρωμα (hēmérōma, “cultivated plant”)
* ἡμέρωσις (hēmérōsis, “improvement, cultivation”)
* ἡμερωτής (hēmerōtḗs, “tamer”)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ήμερος (ímeros)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἥμερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519

### Further reading

* “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἥμερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἥμερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἥμερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ἥμερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3022 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. civilised idem, page 134.cultivated idem, page 188.domestic idem, page 246.gentle idem, page 357.kind idem, page 469.lenient idem, page 485.mild idem, page 529.tame idem, page 855.tractable idem, page 885.
* “ἥμερος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011