# 蹶

| 蹶 | U+8E76, &#36470; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E76 |
| ← 蹵 [U+8E75] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蹷 → [U+8E77] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蹶 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 口一一廿人 (RMMTO), four-corner 6118$_2$, composition ⿰𧾷厥)
* stumble, fall down
* trample

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1233, character 41
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37880
* Dae Jaweon: page 1706, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3738, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8E76

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鱖 | *krods, *kod |
| 蹶 | *krods, *krod, *kod |
| 厥 | *kod, *kud |
| 欮 | *kod |
| 蕨 | *kod |
| 劂 | *kod |
| 瘚 | *kod |
| 蟨 | *kod |
| 蟩 | *kod |
| 橜 | *kod, *ɡod |
| 撅 | *kod, *ɡod |
| 闕 | *kʰod |
| 橛 | *ɡod |
| 鷢 | *ɡod |
| 蹷 | *ɡod |
| 憠 | *ɡod |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jué (jue$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut$^3$ / gwai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jué
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
*** Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kyut$^3$ / gwai$^3$
*** Yale: kyut / gwai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kyt$^8$ / gwai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: küd$^3$ / guei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyːt̚³/, /kʷɐi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjwejH, kjwot, kjwet
Rime :
| Character | 蹶 | 蹶 | 蹶 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (38) | 月 (68) | 薛 (84) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居衛切 | 居月切 | 紀劣切 |
| Baxter | kjwejH | kjwot | kjwet |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiuᴇi$^H$/ | /kʉɐt̚/ | /kˠiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚiei$^H$/ | /kʷiɐt̚/ | /kʷᵚiet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuæi$^H$/ | /kiuɐt̚/ | /kiuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjwiaj$^H$/ | /kuat̚/ | /kwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kjuɛi$^H$/ | /kiuɐt̚/ | /kjuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭwɛi$^H$/ | /kĭwɐt̚/ | /kĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯wɛi$^H$/ | /ki̯wɐt̚/ | /ki̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guì | jue | jue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwai$^3$ | gyut$^3$ | gyut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krods/, /*krod/, /*kod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蹶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jué |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷat/ |
| English | stumble, fall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蹶 | 蹶 | 蹶 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7227 | 7228 | 7232 |
| Phonetic component | 欮 | 欮 | 欮 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 蹶 | 厥 |
| Old Chinese | /*krods/ | /*krod/ | /*kod/ |

#### Definitions

蹶
* to tumble; to fall down
* to run
* to fail
* to step on; to tread on
* rapidly; suddenly

#### Compounds

* 一蹶不振 (yījuébùzhèn)
* 劣蹶
* 尥蹶子 (liàojuězi)
* 屯蹶否塞
* 撩蹶子
* 痿蹶
* 直蹶蹶
* 竭蹶 (jiéjué)
* 跛蹶
* 蹶子 (juězi)
* 蹶張 / 蹶张
* 蹶然
* 蹶痿
* 蹶石伐木
* 蹶角
* 蹶踶
* 蹶蹄
* 蹶蹶

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): juě (jue$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: juě
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyuě
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^3$
*** Yale: jywě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeue
*** Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

蹶
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guì (gui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^4$
*** Yale: gwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

蹶
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “蹶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to tumble; to fall down
* to defeat; to topple
* to spring out

#### Readings

* Go-on: こち (kochi)、け (ke)
* Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)、けい (kei)
* Kun: つまずく (tsumazuku, 蹶く)、たおれる (taoreru, 蹶れる)、たおす (taosu, 蹶す)

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 蹶 is mostly replaced by 決, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Compounds

* 蹶(けっ)起(き) (kekki)
* 蹶(けつ)然(ぜん) (ketsuzen)
* 一(いっ)蹶(けつ) (ikketsu)
* 困(こん)蹶(けつ) (konketsu)
* 転(てん)蹶(けつ), 顚(てん)蹶(けつ) (tenketsu)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 蹶 (MC kjwot).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 궈ᇙ〮 (Yale: kwélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 궐 (kwel)$^訓$ (Yale: kwel) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 궐 (kwel)$^訓$ (Yale: kwel) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kwʌ̹ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [궐]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 蹶 (eumhun 넘어질 궐 (neomeojil gwol))
* hanja form of 궐 (“to stumble; to fall down”)

#### Compounds

* 궐기 (蹶起, gwolgi)
* 궐연 (蹶然, gworyeon)
* 궐지 (蹶躓, gwolji)
* 전궐 (顚蹶, jeon'gwol)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 蹶 (MC kjwejH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 귕〮 (Yale: kwí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 궤 (kwey)$^訓$ (Yale: kwey) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kwe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [궤]

#### Hanja

蹶 (eumhun 움직일 궤 (umjigil gwe))
* (literary) hanja form of 궤 (“to move”)

#### Compounds

* 궤궤 (蹶蹶, gwegwe)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.