OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# steh
## Bavarian
### Etymology

From Old High German stēn, from Proto-West Germanic *stān, from Proto-Germanic *stāną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃd̥eː/, [ˈʃd̥e̞ː]
* Hyphenation: steh

### Verb

steh (past participle gståndn)
* (intransitive) to stand (to be upright, support oneself on the feet in an erect position)
    Då bin i gståndn. ― I stood here.
* (intransitive) to be, to appear, to stand (to be placed or located somewhere)
    Mei Auto steht glei då ums Eck. ― My car is right around the corner.
    In wöchan Buach steht'n des? ― In which book does that appear?
* (intransitive) to stay; to be still
    Ois steht stü. ― Everything stands still.
    Bleib steh! ― Stop!
* (transitive) to suit, to become (to look attractive on, of a garment, color etc.)
    As Kloadl steht da guad!. ― This dress suits you very well.
* (intransitive) to fancy [with auf]
    I glaub, Sie stengan a bissl auf mi. ― I think you fancy me a bit.

#### Derived terms

* aufsteh
* durchsteh
* umadumsteh
* versteh
* åsteh

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stegъ. Compare Polish ścieg.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstɛx]

### Noun

steh m inan
* stitch
    Synonym: štych

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Václav Machek (1968) “steh”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 576

### Further reading

* “steh”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “steh”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “steh”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eː

### Verb

steh
* singular imperative of stehen

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stegъ. Cognate with Polish ścieg.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [scex]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

steh m inan
* stitch
    Synonyms: (colloquial) štich, (colloquial) ferc

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “steh”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# 椅背子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yìbēizi
* Mandarin
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: yìbēizi
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵³ pei⁵⁵ t͡sz̩/

### Noun

椅背子
* (dialectal Mandarin) back of a chair; backrest

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 靠背 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 椅子背 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 靠背, 椅子背兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 椅子背兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 椅子背兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 椅子背兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 椅背子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 椅子背兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 椅子背 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 椅子背 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 椅背子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 憑憑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 椅子背, 椅子靠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 椅子背 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 靠背 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 靠背兒, 椅子背兒, 椅背 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 靠背, 椅背子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 椅憑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 椅憑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 凳憑 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 靠背 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 靠背 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 靠背 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 靠背, 憑背 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 靠背 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 靠背 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 椅子靠背 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 椅屏 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 椅靠, 椅𩩍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 椅䖙, 交椅䖙 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 椅徛 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 椅背 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 靠背 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 靠背, 椅子背 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 靠背 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 靠背 |
| Wu | Danyang | 靠背, 椅子背 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 椅子背兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 靠背, 椅子背 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 椅子靠背 |
# ginesta
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin genesta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ʒiˈnes.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [d͡ʒiˈnes.ta]

### Noun

ginesta f (plural ginestes)
* Spanish broom (Spartium junceum)
    Synonyms: ginesta vera, herba de ballester

#### Derived terms

* ginesta blanca
* ginesta borda
* ginesta d'escombres
* ginesta fina
* ginesta pilosa
* ginestar
* ginestell
* ginestera
* ginesterola
* ginestó
* ginestola

### Further reading

* “ginesta” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “ginesta”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “ginesta” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “ginesta” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# peri-
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”). Cognate to for via Proto-Indo-European.

### Prefix

peri-
* around or surrounding
    ‎peri- + ‎meter → ‎perimeter
* near
    ‎peri- + ‎helion → ‎perihelion
* during
    ‎peri- + ‎apocalyptic → ‎peri-apocalyptic
    ‎peri- + ‎natal → ‎perinatal

#### Synonyms

* (surrounding): circum-, para-
* (near): para-
* (during): intra-, mid-

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “near”): disto-

#### Related terms

* peripatetic
* peripherad
* periphery

### Anagrams

* pier, prie, ripe

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

peri-
* peri-

#### Derived terms
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈperi-/, [ˈpe̞ri-]

### Etymology 1

< perä +‎ -i

#### Prefix

peri-
* very, to the core

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek περί (perí).

#### Prefix

peri-
* peri-

##### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* repi, ripe

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peri/
* Hyphenation: pé‧ri

### Prefix

péri
* peri-:
** around or surrounding
** near

#### Synonyms

* (around, surrounding): sekitar
* (near): dekat
* (near): para-

#### Related terms

* peri

### Further reading

* “peri-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).

### Prefix

peri-
* peri-

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* iper-, ripe

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).

### Prefix

peri-
* peri-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “peri-”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɾi/ [pe.ɾi]
* Syllabification: pe‧ri-

### Prefix

peri-
* peri-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “peri-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# domàs
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan Domàs, Damàs (“Damascus”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [duˈmas]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [doˈmas]

### Noun

domàs m (plural domassos)
* damask
* a piece of damask, especially a damask curtain

#### Derived terms

* adomassar
* endomassar

#### Related terms

* Damasc

### Further reading

* “domàs” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
# ciocio
## Italian
### Etymology 1

Has been connected with cioccia (“nipple”) and cecio (“chickpea”).

#### Noun

ciocio m (plural cioci) (Tuscany)
* Form of address for a small child.

##### Derived terms

* ciocino

#### References

* Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) “ciocio”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati

### Etymology 2

Possibly sound symbolic, compare Latin cīmex, Old Armenian ճճի (čči).

#### Noun

ciocio m (plural cioci) (dialectal, Serrone)
* cockroach
    Synonyms: scarafaggio, blatta

#### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 472: “lo scarafaggio” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
# hermétiser
## French
### Etymology

Probably from hermét(ique) +‎ -iser. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛʁ.me.ti.ze/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

hermétiser
* (transitive) to hermetically seal

#### Derived terms

* hermétisation f

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: ermetiza
# substantivists
## English
### Noun

substantivists
* plural of substantivist
# 사후
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 事後 (“after an event”). See also Japanese 事後 (jigo).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βu]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)후]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사후 • (sahu) (hanja 事後)
* after the fact, post-, subsequent, ex post facto
    Antonym: 사전(事前) (sajeon, “prior, beforehand”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 死後, from 死 (“death”) + 後 (“after, behind”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βu]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)후]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사후 • (sahu) (hanja 死後)
* postmortem, posthumous
    Antonym: 생전(生前) (saengjeon)

##### Derived terms

* 사후경직(死後硬直) (sahugyeongjik, “rigor mortis”)
* 사후세계(死後世界) (sahusegye, “afterlife, life after death”)

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 伺候 (“to wait on someone”). See also Japanese 伺候 (shikō).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠βu]
* Phonetic hangul: [사후]

#### Noun

사후 • (sahu) (hanja 伺候)
* waiting on someone

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 射侯, from 射 (“shoot”) + 侯 (“target”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠βu]
* Phonetic hangul: [사후]

#### Noun

사후 • (sahu) (hanja 射侯)
* (archery) target made of hemp cloth
# Mondlicht
## German
### Etymology

Mond (“moon”) +‎ Licht (“light”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmoːntˌlɪçt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Mond‧licht
* Rhymes: -ɪçt

### Noun

Mondlicht n (strong, genitive Mondlichtes or Mondlichts, no plural)
* moonlight

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Related terms

* Abendlicht
* Morgenlicht
* Polarlicht
* Silberlicht
* Sonnenlicht
* Sternenlicht
* Tageslicht
* Zwielicht

### Further reading

* “Mondlicht” in Duden online
* “Mondlicht” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# dagim
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* dag-im — dialectal, Southern Tagalog

### Etymology

From Proto-Central Philippine *dagʔəm (“raincloud”). Compare Bikol Central dagom and Cebuano dag-om.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /daˈɡim/ [d̪ɐˈɣim]
* Rhymes: -im
* Syllabification: da‧gim

### Noun

dagím (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜄᜒᜋ᜔)
* rain cloud; nimbus; dark cloud that portends rain

#### Derived terms

* dumagim
* madagim

#### See also

* alapaap
* lagim
* ulap

### Further reading

* “dagim”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “dagim”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* digma
# zbawienny
## Polish
### Etymology

From zbawienie +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zbaˈvjɛn.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnnɘ
* Syllabification: zba‧wien‧ny

### Adjective

zbawienny (comparative bardziej zbawienny, superlative najbardziej zbawienny, derived adverb zbawiennie)
* salutary (effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial)
    Synonym: korzystny

#### Derived terms

* zbawienność

### Further reading

* zbawienny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# kunhã
## Nheengatu
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi kunhã, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Portuguese cunhã.

### Noun

kunhã (plural kunhã-itá)
* woman
* female

### Adjective

kunhã
* female

### References

* ↑ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC

### Further reading

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica‎ (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Páginas & Letras, →ISBN

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kũˈɲã/
* Rhymes: -ã
* Hyphenation: ku‧nhã

### Noun

kunhã (unpossessable)
* woman, especially an indigenous woman from the Americas
    Hypernyms: apŷaba, abá
** 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, Poesias tupis, São Paulo, published 1941:Amó kunhã suí i mo-ingó-é-bo.He made a woman different from any other.
* female

#### Derived terms

* Kunhambeba
* kunhambyra
* kunhataĩ
* kunhã'yba
* kunhãeté
* kunhãkaraíba
* kunhãmuku
* kunhãmyxuna
* kunhãpyapasaba

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: kunhã
* → Portuguese: cunhã

### References

* ↑ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC

### Further reading

* Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts]‎ (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kunhã”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 241, columns 1–2
# kartografer
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English cartographer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kartoˈɡrafər/
* Hyphenation: kar‧to‧gra‧fêr

### Noun

kartografêr (uncountable)
* cartographer

#### Related terms

* kartografi
* kartogram

### Further reading

* “kartografer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

kartografer m pl
* indefinite plural of kartograf

## Swedish
### Noun

kartografer
* indefinite plural of kartograf
# up to scratch
## English
### Etymology

From scratch in the sense of a starting line, as in boxing.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Adjective

up to scratch
* (idiomatic) sufficient; adequate; of acceptable or satisfactory quality
    They decided that his performance was not up to scratch.
** 2023 November 29, Richard Foster, “Tyne & Wear Metro goes with the flow”, in RAIL, number 997, page 32:But the new trains form just one part of Metro Flow. It's no good having new trains if the network itself isn't up to scratch.

#### Coordinate terms

* cut the mustard
* make the grade
* pass muster
* up to par
* up to snuff

#### Translations
### See also

* toe the line
# 병정
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 兵丁 (“soldier”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [병정]

### Noun

병정 • (byeongjeong) (hanja 兵丁)
* soldier(s), servicemember (serviceman/servicewoman), enlisted soldier
    장난감 병정 ― jangnan'gam byeongjeong ― toy soldiers

#### Derived terms

* 병정(兵丁)개미 (byeongjeonggaemi, “army ant”)
# kasten
## English
### Noun

kasten
* plural of kast

### Anagrams

* Stanek, Stanke

## Danish
### Noun

kasten c
* definite singular of kaste

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑstə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: casten (one pronunciation)
* Rhymes: -ɑstən

### Noun

kasten
* plural of kast

### Anagrams

* staken

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

kasten m
* definite singular of kaste

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

kasten m
* definite singular of kaste

## Swedish
### Noun

kasten
* definite singular of kast c (“caste”)
* definite plural of kast n (“throw, cast”)

### Anagrams

* aktens, nekats, skenat, staken, takens, tankes

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قصداً (kasdan, kasten), from Arabic قَصْدًا (qaṣdan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkas.ten/
* Hyphenation: kas‧ten

### Adverb

kasten
* intentionally, deliberately, knowingly, on purpose

#### Related terms

* kasıt
* kasıtlı
* kasti

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “آج قارننه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 26
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قصد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 962b
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kasıt”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “kasten”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kasten”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 3, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2460
# bryst
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse brjóst, from Proto-Germanic *breustą n (“breast, chest”), cognate with Swedish bröst, English breast. Related to *brusts f (“breast, chest”), in German Brust, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (brusts). Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brøsd/, [ˈb̥ʁœsd̥]

### Noun

bryst n (singular definite brystet, plural indefinite bryster)
* (uncountable) chest, breast
* breast (either of the two fleshy organs on the front of a woman's (or sometimes a man's) chest)
    Synonyms: babser, jader, forlygter, nødder

#### Derived terms

* brystbarn
* brystbillede
* brystholder
* brystindsnit
* brystkasse
* brystkræft
* brystkød
* brystlomme
* brystmælk
* brystmælk
* brystsvømmer
* brysttatovering
* brystvorte
* brystvorte
* kravebryst
* kvindebryst
* kyllingebryst
* spidsbryst

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse brjóst, from Proto-Germanic *breustą (“breast, chest”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”).

### Noun

bryst n (definite singular brystet, indefinite plural bryst or bryster, definite plural brysta or brystene)
* (anatomy) a chest
    ha hår på brystet - have a hairy chest
* (anatomy) a breast (of a woman)

#### Synonyms

* pupp (woman's breast)

#### Derived terms

* barbrystet
* brystholder
* brystkasse
* brystkreft
* brystsmerte
* brystvorte
* kvinnebryst

### References

* “bryst” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* brjost (non-standard since 1938)
* brøst (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Old Norse brjóst, from Proto-Germanic *breustą (“breast, chest”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”).

### Noun

bryst n (definite singular brystet, indefinite plural bryst, definite plural brysta)
* (anatomy) a chest
* (anatomy) a breast (of a woman)

#### Synonyms

* bringe (chest)
* pupp (woman's breast)

#### Derived terms

* brystkasse
* brystkreft
* brystsmerte
* brystvorte
* kvinnebryst

### References

* “bryst” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛒᚱᛦᛋᛏ

### Etymology

From Old Norse brjóst, from Proto-Germanic *breustą.

### Noun

bryst n
* breast

#### Descendants

* Swedish: bröst
# ներկ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ներկ (nerk).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /neɾk/, [neɾk]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /neɾɡ/, [neɾɡ]

### Noun

ներկ • (nerk)
* paint; dye

#### Derived terms

* ներկապնակ (nerkapnak)
* ջրաներկ (ǰranerk)

#### Related terms

* ներկել (nerkel)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is uncertain. One suggestion connects Latin niger (“black”), assuming Proto-Indo-European *neg⁽ʷ⁾-r- (“painted, colored, darkened”), and thus possibly related to *nókʷts (“night”), but the existence of such a root is disputed and not evidenced further.

### Noun

ներկ • (nerk)
* tint, dye, colour
    ներկ կոշկաց ― nerk koškacʻ ― shoe-blacking

#### Derived terms

* աններկ (annerk)
* աստուածաներկ (astuacanerk)
* արիւնաներկ (ariwnanerk)
* արիւնաներկեալ (ariwnanerkeal)
* արջասպաներկ (arǰaspanerk)
* երանգաներկութիւն (eranganerkutʻiwn)
* երփնաներկ (erpʻnanerk)
* ինքնաներկ (inkʻnanerk)
* լուսաներկ (lusanerk)
* ծաղկաներկ (całkanerk)
* ծիրանաներկ (cirananerk)
* ծիրանաներկեալ (cirananerkeal)
* կարմրաներկ (karmranerk)
* կերպասաներկ (kerpasanerk)
* հրաներկ (hranerk)
* մեղսաներկ (mełsanerk)
* մորթաներկ (mortʻanerk)
* նարօտաներկ (narōtanerk)
* նարօտաներկութիւն (narōtanerkutʻiwn)
* ներկագործ (nerkagorc)
* ներկած (nerkac)
* ներկածոյ (nerkacoy)
* ներկական (nerkakan)
* ներկանեմ (nerkanem)
* ներկատուն (nerkatun)
* ներկացուցանեմ (nerkacʻucʻanem)
* ներկեմ (nerkem)
* ներկիչ (nerkičʻ)
* ներկոց (nerkocʻ)
* ներկուած (nerkuac)
* ներկուածոյ (nerkuacoy)
* ոսկեներկ (oskenerk)
* սեւաներկ (sewanerk)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ներկ (nerk)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ներկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ներկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ներկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
# disloyal
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English, from Anglo-Norman desleal, desloial, equivalent to dis- +‎ loyal.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

disloyal (comparative more disloyal, superlative most disloyal)
* Not loyal, without loyalty.
** 1536, Anne Boleyn, letter addressed to Henry VIII from the Tower of London, cited in Edward Herbert, The Life and Raigne of King Henry VIII, London: Thomas Whitaker, 1649, p. 383,
    Good your Grace, let not any light fancy, or bad Counsel of mine enemies withdraw your Princely favour from me; neither let that stain, that unworthy stain of a disloyall heart towards your good Grace, ever cast so foul a blot on your most dutifull Wife, and the Infant Princesse your daughter […]
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:[…] Norway himself, With terrible numbers, Assisted by that most disloyal traitor The thane of Cawdor, began a dismal conflict;
** 1923, Willa Cather, One of Ours‎, Book One, Chapter 15:He told his mother he was glad to be back again. He sometimes felt as if it were disloyal to her for him to be so happy with Mrs. Erlich.
** 1998, Tawfiq al-Hakim, “My Donkey and Hypocrisy”, in William Maynard Hutchins, transl., In the Tavern of Life and Other Stories‎, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, page 65:Embarrassed about leaving him, I asked him to accompany me. It would have been disloyal to let him broil in the heat of Cairo, while I went off to a summer resort.
** 2024 August 4, Neil Vigdor, “Trump Says Georgia’s Governor Is Hampering His Efforts to Win There”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:“In my opinion, they want us to lose,” Mr. Trump said, accusing the state’s governor, Brian Kemp, and its secretary of state, Brad Raffensperger, who is also a Republican, of being disloyal and trying to make life difficult for him.

#### Synonyms

* faithless
* perfidious
* treacherous
* unfaithful
* unloyal
* recreant

#### Derived terms

* disloyally
* disloyalness

#### Related terms

* disloyalty
* loyal