# tongaid
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tungeti, of complicated etymology. See the Proto-Celtic page for more.
Additionally, there is no etymological relation between tongaid and as·toing (“to refuse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtoŋɡɨðʲ]

### Verb

tongaid (conjunct ·toing, verbal noun lugae or luige)
* to swear (an oath)
** c. 697-900, Cáin Adomnáin, published in Cáin Adamnáin: an old-Irish treatise on the law of Adamnan (1905, Oxford University Press), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, §29
    To·cuitchetar trá huli láechu ⁊ cléircu óg Cána Adomnán do comalnad co brád.So, everyone (laymen and clerics included) has sworn to fulfil the Cáin Adomnáin [lit. Law of Adomnán] in its entirety forever.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 36$^a$20
    Is maith les a firlugae no·thongad cach fri alaile hi recht ⁊ ní chairigedar.He holds in regard the oath that he used to swear to another in law and does not blame it.
** c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 1060
    Abair frisna legi, bíth comardae fora mbuidin, ⁊ toinged a n-imchoimét frim, ⁊ tom·iced bïad cach n-óen-aichde [n-óen-aidche, LU] úaidib.Tell the physicians: let there be a token for their group. Let [the physicians] swear the preservation of life to me, and let rations come to me every single night from them.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Abs. | tongu | | | tongmai | | | |
| Present indicative | Conj. | | | ·toing | | ·tongat | | |
| Present indicative | Rel. | | | | | toingte | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Imperfect indicative | | | ·tongad | | | | |
| Preterite | Abs. | | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Conj. | | | | | | | ·tochta |
| Preterite | Rel. | | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | do·cuitig | | to·cuitchetar | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | | | | | |
| Future | Abs. | tithis | | tithis | | tithsat | titsaither | tithsitir |
| Future | Conj. | | ·tithis | | | | | |
| Future | Rel. | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Conditional | | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Conj. | | ·tois | ·tó | | ·tosat | | |
| Present subjunctive | Rel. | | | | | | tosar | |
| Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive | | | ·toissed; ·tochtaised (augmented) | | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | toinged | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | luge, luige; lugae | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | tochta | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | | |

#### Derived terms

* ar·toing
* do·toing
* for·toing
* fris·toing
* imm·toing

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “tong-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 383

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tongaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language