OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Feuerwehr
## German
### Etymology

From Feuer (“fire”) +‎ Wehr (“defense”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔɪ̯ɐˌveːɐ̯/
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Feuerwehr f (genitive Feuerwehr, plural Feuerwehren)
* fire brigade
* fire department

#### Related terms

* Feuerwehrauto
* Feuerwehrfahrzeug
* Feuerwehrfrau
* Feuerwehrhaus
* Feuerwehrmann
* Feuerwehrschlauch
* Feuerwehrwagen

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: brandweer (calque)
** Afrikaans: brandweer
** → Indonesian: branwir
** → Papiamentu: brantwer
** → West Frisian: brânwar (calque)

### Further reading

* “Feuerwehr” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Feuerwehr” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Feuerwehr” in Duden online
* Feuerwehr on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# łuzą
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (standard) /ˈwu.zɔw̃/, (regional or dialectal, proscribed) /ˈwu.zɔm/
* Rhymes: -uzɔw̃
* Syllabification: łu‧zą

### Noun

łuzą
* instrumental singular of łuza
# guþ
## Gothic
### Romanization

guþ
* Romanization of 𐌲𐌿𐌸

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gunþi, from Proto-Germanic *gunþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéntis (“killing, blow”). Shifted into the ō-stems at some point before i-umlaut; the inherited form *gȳþ occurs as the final element of names.
Germanic cognates include Old Norse gunnr ~ guðr. Old Saxon gūđ- and Old High German gund- appear in compounds.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuːθ/

### Noun

gūþ f
* (poetic) battle, combat

#### Declension

Strong i-stem:

#### Derived terms

* gūþbeorn (“warrior”)
* gūþbil (“a war-bill, a sword”)
* gūþbord (“a shield”)
* gūþbyrne (“corselet, battle-mail”)
* gūþcearu (“care or sorrow from battle”)
* gūþcræft (“warfare, military strategy, tactics”)
* gūþcwēn (“warrior queen”)
* gūþcyning (“warrior king”)
* gūþcyst (“warlike excellence, bravery”)
* gūþdēaþ (“a war death”)
* gūþfana (“a military standard”)
* gūþfloga (“one who flies to war, a dragon”)
* gūþfrēa (“warlord, warlike lord”)
* gūþfrēc (“bold in war”)
* gūþfrēca (“a warrior, a freak in battle”)
* gūþfremmend (“war-maker, warrior”)
* gūþfruma (“war chief”)
* gūþfugel (“a bird of war, eagle”)
* gūþġeatwe (“warlike outfit or gear”)
* gūþġelaca (“a brother-in-arms, warrior”)
* gūþġemōt (“a battle-meeting, battle, fight”)
* gūþġetawa (“war gear, military equipment”)
* gūþġeþingu (“the foreseen lot of looming war”)
* gūþġewǣde (“battle-dress, armour”)
* gūþġewinn (“battle, warlike contest”)
* gūþhafoc (“a warhawk”)
* gūþhelm (“a helm”)
* gūþhere (“a warlike band, an army”)
* gūþhrēþ (“war glory”)
* gūþhwæt (“active in war, daring, brave”)
* gūþlēoþ (“a war song”)
* gūþmæċġa (“a warlike man”)
* gūþmaga (“a warlike man”)
* gūþmōd (“of a warlike mind, bellicose”)
* gūþpleġa (“war play, battle”)
* gūþrǣs (“a warlike attack”)
* gūþrēaf (“a warlike outfit, armor”)
* gūþrēow (“fierce in a fight”)
* gūþrinc (“a man of war, warrior”)
* gūþsċeaþa (“one who harms by attacking”)
* gūþsċeorp (“war-clothing”)
* gūþsċrūd (“war-clothing”)
* gūþsearo (“war tools; arms & armor”)
* gūþsele (“war-hall, hall of warriors”)
* gūþspell (“war-tidings”)
* gūþsweord (“a sword”)
* gūþþræc (“war-force”)
* gūþweard (“a war-guard, king”)
* gūþweorc (“a warlike work or deed”)
* gūþwērig (“war weary”)
* gūþwīga (“a warrior”)
* gūþwine (“a brother in arms”)
* gūþwudu (“war-wood, spear”)

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “guþ”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse goð.
Compare Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English god, Old High German and Old Dutch got, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌸 (guþ).

### Noun

guþ m or n
* (Christianity) God m
* (paganism) god, deity n

#### Declension

masculine:
neuter:
# tradisyonal
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* tradisyunal — pre-2014

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tradicional.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tɾadisjoˈnal/ [t̪ɾɐ.d̪ɪ.ʃoˈn̪al]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /tɾadisjoˈnal/ [t̪ɾɐ.d̪ɪs.joˈn̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: tra‧dis‧yo‧nal

### Adjective

tradisyonál (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜎ᜔)
* traditional
    Synonyms: kinaugalian, pinagkaugalian

#### Related terms

* tradisyon
* tradisyonalismo
* tradisyonalista
* tradisyonista
# krīḍā
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रीडा (krīḍā, “game; sport”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kri.da/
* Rhymes: -da
* Hyphenation: krī‧ḍā

### Noun

krīḍā
* sport
* play
* pastime

#### Derived terms

* akriḍana
* makakrīḍā
* makrīḍa
* māyākrīḍā

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦏꦿꦶꦝ (kridha) (inherited)
** → Indonesian: krida

### Further reading

* "krīḍā" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# kapanmaa
## Gagauz
### Etymology

By surface analysis, kapa- +‎ -n. Compare Turkish kapanmak, Azerbaijani qapanmaq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑpɑnˈmɑː/
* Hyphenation: ka‧pan‧maa

### Verb

kapanmaa
* (intransitive) to close
* (intransitive) to lock, to shut

#### Related terms

* kap
* kapamaa
* kapan
* kapkan
* kaplamaa
* kapu

### Further reading

* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 91
# medish
## Occitan
### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin metipse. Compare Occitan meteis in other dialects.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Gascony):(file)

### Adjective

medish m (feminine singular medisha, masculine plural medishs, feminine plural medishas)
* (Gascony, used before the noun) same

#### Derived terms

* anar-se'n tot medish

### References

* Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 93.
# සකො
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* sako (Latin script)
* 𑀲𑀓𑁄 (Brahmi script)
* सको (Devanagari script)
* সকো (Bengali script)
* သကော or သၵေႃ (Burmese script)
* สโก or สะโก (Thai script)
* ᩈᨠᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
* ສໂກ or ສະໂກ (Lao script)
* សកោ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄇𑄮 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

සකො (sako)
* Sinhala script form of sako, which is nominative singular masculine of සක (saka, “one's own”)

### Noun

සකො
* Sinhala script form of sako, which is nominative singular of සක (saka, “Pali roots sak and sakk”)
# bayanin
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From bayan +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /baˈjanin/ [bɐˈjaː.n̪ɪn̪]
* Rhymes: -anin
* Syllabification: ba‧ya‧nin

### Adjective

bayanin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜈᜒᜈ᜔)
* (dialectal, Quezon) pertaining to the town center

### Noun

bayanin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜈᜒᜈ᜔)
* (dialectal, Quezon) local of the town center
    Synonyms: tagabayan, tagagitna, tagasentro, (Quezon) gitnain

#### Related terms

* Munting Bayanin

### Anagrams

* biyanan
# krii
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French crier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkrii]
* Rhymes: -ii
* Hyphenation: kri‧i
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

krii (present krias, past kriis, future krios, conditional krius, volitive kriu)
* (intransitive) to cry, shout, yell
* (transitive) to shout, yell (something)
    Kiam li vere vidis lupon, neniun helpus kiam li kriis, ĉar li antaŭe malvere kriis la saman averton.When he truly saw a wolf, no one would help when he cried, for he had falsely shouted the same warning.

#### Derived terms

* alkrii (“to shout at”)
* ekkrii (“to cry out”)
* kriaĉi (“to screech”)
# hingga
## Indonesian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhiŋɡa]
* Hyphenation: hing‧ga

### Noun

hingga (uncountable)
* limit, boundary; end
    Synonym: batas

### Conjunction

hingga
* until
    Synonym: sampai

### Derived terms

* berhingga
* memperhinggakan
* menghinggakan
* perhinggaan
* terhingga

### Further reading

* “hingga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# realineación
## Spanish
### Noun

realineación f (plural realineaciones)
* realignment

#### Related terms

* realinear
# asintada
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish asentada (“settled”). See asinta.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔasinˈtada/ [ʔɐ.sɪn̪ˈt̪aː.d̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -ada
* Syllabification: a‧sin‧ta‧da

### Adjective

asintada (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ)
* feminine of asintado: accurate (of someone in marksmanship or shooting)

#### Related terms

* asinta
* asintado
* asintador

### Noun

asintada (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ)
* female equivalent of asintado: excellent female marksman or shooter
* (construction) alignment

### Further reading

* “asintada”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# indeks prestasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of indeks +‎ prestasi, calque of Dutch prestatie-index.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪndɛks prɛsˈtasi/

### Noun

indeks prestasi (uncountable)
* (education) grade point average: a method of computing a numerical value for letter grades received in school by assigning each a numeric value and averaging the numbers; the overall average of all courses taken at a time.

#### Alternative forms

* IP

#### Synonyms

* purata nilai gred (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* indeks prestasi kumulatif
* indeks prestasi semester

### Further reading

* “indeks prestasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# balintataw
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* balintatao — chiefly dialectal
* balintatauo — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
* balintatawo — obsolete

### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Philippine *tau-tau (“pupil (eye)”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau Cau (“pupil of the eye”), reduplication of *Cau (“person”). Compare Ilocano tao-tao, Kapampangan balintatau, Bikol Central alintataw / tatawo, Cebuano tawo-tawo, and Tausug tau-tau mata.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /balintaˈtaw/ [bɐ.lɪn̪.t̪ɐˈt̪aʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -aw
* Syllabification: ba‧lin‧ta‧taw

### Noun

balintatáw (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜆᜏ᜔) (anatomy)
* pupil (hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)
    Synonyms: inla, alikmata, tao-tao

#### Derived terms

* bahay-balintataw

#### Related terms

* katawan
* tao

#### See also

* alintataw
* bata-bataan
* busilig

### Further reading

* “balintataw”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Serrano-Laktaw, Pedro (1914) Diccionario tagálog-hispano, Ateneo de Manila, page 90.
* Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.‎ (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila, page 443: “Niña) Balintatavo (pc) del ojo la grande”
# citlivě
## Czech
### Etymology

From citlivý (“sensitive”) +‎ -ě.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɪtlɪvjɛ]
* Hyphenation: cit‧li‧vě

### Adverb

citlivě (comparative citlivěji, superlative nejcitlivěji)
* sensitively, delicately

### Further reading

* “citlivě”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “citlivě”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “citlivě” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “citlivě”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# σάλαξ
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

According to Beekes, from σάλος (sálos, “earthquake; movement of the sea”) with a velar suffix. Kölligan (2017) compares Hesychian σαίνω (saínō) and the root of κινέω (kinéō), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey(h₂)- (compare Latin cieō; IEW 538, LIV², de Vaan), thus reconstructing *ḱi-n̥-h₂-, *ḱih₂-(e)lo-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sá.laks/ → /ˈsa.laks/ → /ˈsa.laks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sá.laks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsa.laks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsa.laks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsa.laks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsa.laks/

### Noun

σάλαξ • (sálax) m (genitive σάλακος); third declension
* miner's sieve or riddle

#### Derived terms

* σαλάκων (salákōn)
* σαλάσσω (salássō)

### Further reading

* “σάλαξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* σάλαξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* Kölligan, D. (2017) “Gr. σάλαξ, σκύθραξ und die griechischen Nomina auf -ak-”, in Miscellanea Indogermanica, →ISBN, pages 369-381
# κοσμέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From κόσμος (kósmos) +‎ -έω (-éō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koz.mé.ɔː/ → /kozˈme.o/ → /kozˈme.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /koz.mé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kozˈme.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /kozˈme.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /kozˈme.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /kozˈme.o/

### Verb

κοσμέω • (kosméō)
* to order, to arrange
* to adorn

#### Derived terms

* ἀνακοσμέω (anakosméō)
* ἀντιδιακοσμέω (antidiakosméō)
* ἀντικοσμέω (antikosméō)
* ἀποκοσμέω (apokosméō)
* διακοσμέω (diakosméō)
* ἐγκοσμέω (enkosméō)
* ἐκκοσμέω (ekkosméō)
* ἐνδιακοσμέω (endiakosméō)
* ἐπικοσμέω (epikosméō)
* εὐκοσμέω (eukosméō)
* κατακοσμέω (katakosméō)
* κλινοκοσμέω (klinokosméō)
* κοσμήτωρ (kosmḗtōr)
* μετακοσμέω (metakosméō)
* περικοσμέω (perikosméō)
* προσεπικοσμέω (prosepikosméō)
* προσκοσμέω (proskosméō)
* πρωτοκοσμέω (prōtokosméō)
* συγκατακοσμέω (sunkatakosméō)
* συγκοσμέω (sunkosméō)
* συμμετακοσμέω (summetakosméō)
* συνδιακοσμέω (sundiakosméō)
* συνεπικοσμέω (sunepikosméō)
* συνευκοσμέω (suneukosméō)

### Further reading

* “κοσμέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cosmetic”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ
## Manchu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [in.t͡ʃə.kʰu]

### Adjective

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ • (injeku)
* funny; ridiculous; laughable
    ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ― injeku gisun ― joke

#### Derived terms

* ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ (injeku baita)

### Noun

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ • (injeku)
* something to laugh about; laughing stock; punch line

#### Derived terms

* ᡳᠨᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ (injembi)
* ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (injeku arambi)
# tapicería
## Spanish
### Etymology

tapiz +‎ -ería

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /tapiθeˈɾia/ [t̪a.pi.θeˈɾi.a]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /tapiseˈɾia/ [t̪a.pi.seˈɾi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: ta‧pi‧ce‧rí‧a

### Noun

tapicería f (plural tapicerías)
* upholstery
* upholsterer's shop

#### Related terms

* tapicero
* tapiz
* tapizado
* tapizar

### Further reading

* “tapicería”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# daliri
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay jeriji. Compare Kapampangan taliri, Balinese ᬚ᭄ᬭᬶᬚᬶ (jriji), and Javanese ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /daˈliɾiʔ/ [d̪ɐˈliː.ɾɪʔ]
* Rhymes: -iɾiʔ
* Syllabification: da‧li‧ri

### Noun

dalirì (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜒ)
* (anatomy) finger
    Synonym: dedo
* (anatomy) toe
* part of a glove that covers each finger
* (colloquial) mentioning one by one
    Synonym: pag-isa-isa

#### Derived terms

* daliri ng paa
* dalirian
* daliriin
* gadaliri
* tatak ng daliri
* tatak-daliri

#### Related terms

* dali

#### See also

* dato
* galamay
* hinlalaki
* hinlalato
* hintuturo
* kalingkingan
* palasingsingan

### Further reading

* “daliri”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Zorc, David Paul (1982) Core Etymological Dictionary of Filipino: Part 3, page 112
# diocese
## English
### Alternative forms

* diœcese (archaic)
* diocesse (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English diocise, from Old French diocese, from Late Latin diocēsis, from Latin dioecēsis (“district under a governor”), from Ancient Greek διοίκησις (dioíkēsis, “internal administration”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/, /-siz/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪəsɪs
* Rhymes: -aɪəsiz

### Noun

diocese (plural dioceses)
* (historical) An administrative division of the later Roman Empire, established by the Herodian tetrarchy.
* (Christianity) A group of parishes administered by a bishop.
    Hyponym: archdiocese

#### Derived terms

* undiocesed

#### Related terms

* archdiocesan
* bishopric
* diocesan
* nullius diœcesis

#### Translations
### See also

* parish

### References

* diocese on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek δῐοίκησῐς (dĭoíkēsĭs), through Latin dioecēsis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.oˈsɛ.zi/ [d͡ʒɪ.oˈsɛ.zi], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjoˈsɛ.zi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.oˈsɛ.zi/ [d͡ʒɪ.oˈsɛ.zi], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjoˈsɛ.zi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.oˈsɛ.ze/ [d͡ʒɪ.oˈsɛ.ze], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjoˈsɛ.ze/
* (Portugal) IPA: /djuˈsɛ.zɨ/
* Rhymes: -ɛzi, -ɛzɨ
* Hyphenation: di‧o‧ce‧se

### Noun

diocese f (plural dioceses)
* (religion) diocese (administrative district in some ancient Roman provinces)
    Synonym: sé
* (religion) diocese (ecclesiastical territorial division subject to the jurisdiction of a bishop or of his legitimate substitute)

### Further reading

* “diocese”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “diocese”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# Überwachung
## German
### Etymology

From überwachen +‎ -ung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌyːbəʁˈvaχʊŋ/, [ˌʔyːbɐˈvaχʊŋ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Über‧wa‧chung

### Noun

Überwachung f (genitive Überwachung, plural Überwachungen)
* surveillance, monitoring

#### Hyponyms

* Funküberwachung
* Krankenüberwachung
* Quarantäneüberwachung
* Telefonüberwachung
* Verkehrsüberwachung
* Videoüberwachung

#### Related terms

* Überwachungsanlage
* Überwachungsballon
* Überwachungsdienst
* Überwachungsfirma
* Überwachungskamera
* Überwachungsmaßnahme
* Überwachungsmonitor
* Überwachungsorgan
* Überwachungsprogramm
* Überwachungsskandal
* Überwachungsstaat
* Überwachungsstelle
* Überwachungssystem
* Überwachungsvideo
* Überwachungswahn
* Überwachungszentrale

#### See also

* Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz

### Further reading

* “Überwachung” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Überwachung” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* “Überwachung” in Duden online
# Šimandl
## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃɪmandl̩]

### Proper noun

Šimandl m anim (female equivalent Šimandlová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Šimandl”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# λύγδος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Ending as in μόλυβδος (mólubdos) and κίβδος (kíbdos). A connection with λευκός (leukós, “white”) is morphologically hard to explain, as the suffix -δος is not productive. According to Beekes, the word is probably Pre-Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lýɡ.dos/ → /ˈlyɣ.ðos/ → /ˈliɣ.ðos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /lýɡ.dos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈlyɡ.dos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈlyɣ.ðos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈlyɣ.ðos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈliɣ.ðos/

### Noun

λῠ́γδος • (lŭ́gdos) f (genitive λῠ́γδου); second declension
* white marble

#### Derived terms

* λυγδίνεος (lugdíneos)
* λύγδινος (lúgdinos)

#### Further reading

* “λύγδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* λύγδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# Kohle
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German kole f alongside commoner kol n, from Old High German kol n, from Proto-West Germanic *kol.
The feminine form is chiefly of Central and Low German origin (Middle Low German kōle f). Cognate with Dutch kool f, Danish kul n, English coal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoːlə/, [ˈkʰoːlə]
* Rhymes: -oːlə
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Kohle f (genitive Kohle, plural Kohlen)
* (uncountable) coal (material; either stone coal or charcoal)
* (countable) a coal; a piece of coal
* (uncountable, colloquial) money; dough; dosh
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:Geld

#### Derived terms

* kohlenartig
* Köhler
* verkohlen (verb)

#### Related terms

* Braunkohle
* Eierkohle
* Holzkohle
* Kohleabbau
* Kohleförderung
* Kohlekraftwerk
* Kohlendioxid n (“carbon dioxide”)
* Kohlenkeller
* Kohlenkiste
* Kohlenmonoxid n (“carbon monoxide”)
* Kohlensäure
* Kohlenstoff
* Kohleofen
* Kohlepapier
* Steinkohle

### Noun

Kohle pl
* nominative/accusative/genitive plural of Kohl (“cabbage”)

### Further reading

* “Kohle” in Duden online
* “Kohle” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰoːlə/

### Noun

Kohle f
* plural of Kohl

## Pennsylvania German
### Noun

Kohle
* plural of Kohl
# belian
## Iban
### Etymology

From Dutch briljant, from French brillant, from Medieval Latin as if *berilare (“to sparkle like a beryl or other precious stone”), from Latin berillus, beryllus (“a beryl, gem, eyeglass”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”). Doublet of brilian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bəˈli.an]
* Hyphenation: be‧li‧an

### Noun

belian
* diamond:
** a glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron; a gemstone made from this mineral.
    Synonym: intan
** (in extension, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bəˈlian]
* Hyphenation: bê‧li‧an

### Etymology 1

Affixed beli +‎ -an, from Malay belian.

#### Noun

bêlian (plural)
* purchase, property, possession, acquisition: That which is obtained, got or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly.

### Etymology 2

From Malay belian, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman, shamaness; shamanistic ceremony”). Cognate of Balinese ᬩᬮ᭄ᬬᬦ᭄ (balian).

#### Noun

bêlian (plural)
* (obsolete) shaman; sorcerer
    Synonyms: dukun, pawang

##### Derived terms

* berbelian

### Etymology 3

From Malay belian.

#### Noun

bêlian (plural)
* Bornean ironwood, billian, ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri).
    Synonym: ulin

### Further reading

* “belian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology 1

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman, shamaness; shamanistic ceremony”).

#### Noun

belian (Jawi spelling بلين, plural belian-belian)
* (obsolete) shaman; sorcerer
    Synonyms: bomoh, dukun, pawang

##### Derived terms

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* hantu belian

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: belian

### Etymology 2

beli +‎ -an

#### Noun

belian (Jawi spelling بلين, plural belian-belian, informal 1st possessive belianku, 2nd possessive belianmu, 3rd possessive beliannya)
* purchase (that which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

belian (Jawi spelling بلين)
* (kayu~) the Bornean ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)

##### Derived terms

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* belian wangi

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: belian

### Further reading

* “belian” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.