# Rum
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

#### Proper noun

Rum
* (obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome, the capital of Italy.

### Etymology 2

From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Roma and Rome.

#### Proper noun

Rum
* (historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire.
* (historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate.
* (archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts.

##### Alternative forms

* Rûm

##### Synonyms

* (Ottoman eyalet): Sivas

### Etymology 3
#### Proper noun

Rum
* Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom.

### Anagrams

* MRU, Mru, RMU, URM

## German
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English rum.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rʊm/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: rum

#### Noun

Rum m (strong, genitive Rums, no plural)
* rum

##### Descendants

* → Czech: rum
* → Hungarian: rum
* → Romanian: rom

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

Rum n (proper noun, genitive Rums or (optionally with an article) Rum)
* A market town in Tyrol, Austria
* A village in Vas County, Hungary

### Etymology 3

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum), q.v.

#### Alternative forms

* Rūm, Rûm

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruːm/
* Homophone: Ruhm

#### Proper noun

Rum n (proper noun, strong, genitive Rums)
* (historical) Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts.
* (historical) Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts.

##### Derived terms

* Rumtürkisch
* Sultanat Rum

### Further reading

* “Rum” in Duden online
* “Rum” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).

### Proper noun

Rum (Jawi spelling روم)
* Rome (the capital of Italy)

#### Derived terms

* Rumi
* Rumawi
* Laut Rum

### References

* Crawford, John (1852) A Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., page 153
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “روم roem”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 12
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “روم rum”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 350
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “Rum”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 353

## Rohingya
### Proper noun

Rum
* Rome

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).

### Proper noun

Rum
* (archaic) Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)
* (archaic, historical) Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)

#### Derived terms

* Bahari ya Rum
* sultani Rum

#### Related terms

* rumi

### References

* Rechenbach, Charles W. (1967) Swahili-English Dictionary, Washington, D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, page 459

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.

### Proper noun

Rum
* A Greek person living in Muslim countries, especially in Turkey (now chiefly in Istanbul, Izmir, Thrace and Pontus) and Cyprus.
* (dated) Any Greek person
* (historical) Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire
* (archaic, historical) The former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia

#### Declension
### Adjective

Rum (uncomparable)
* Turco-Greek, of or related to the Rumlar, ethnic Greeks living in Turkey and Cyprus
    eski Rum evlerithe old Greek houses

#### Related terms

* palikarya
* Rumca
* Yunan
* Yunanca
* Yunanistan
* Yunanistanlı
* Yunanlı

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “Rum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük