# 無窮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúqióng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ kung$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bû-kiông
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu-jion
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúqióng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúcyóng
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-chʻiung$^2$
*** Yale: wú-chyúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuchyong
*** Palladius: уцюн (ucjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ kung$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh kùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ kung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ kʰʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-kiông
*** Tâi-lô: bû-kiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bu'kioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wu-jion
*** MiniDict: wu$^去$ jion
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhu-jjion
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² d͡ʑioŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mju gjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 渠弓切 |
| Baxter | mju | gjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /ɡɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /ɡiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /ɡiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /guwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /ɡiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /ɡĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /gi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | qióng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | kung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma ɡuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | qióng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ gjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/ |
| English | not have | exhaust |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 | 4145 |
| Phonetic component | 無 | 躬 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 | 窮 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ɡuŋ/ |

### Verb

無窮
* to be endless; to be boundless; to be inexhaustible
    奧妙無窮／奥妙无穷 ― àomiào wúqióng ― to be inexhaustibly profound
       Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]
       Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

### Noun

無窮
* (mathematics) infinity

#### Derived terms

* 其味無窮 / 其味无穷
* 其樂無窮 / 其乐无穷 (qílèwúqióng)
* 力大無窮 / 力大无穷
* 受益無窮 / 受益无穷
* 回味無窮 / 回味无穷 (huíwèiwúqióng)
* 妙用無窮 / 妙用无穷
* 後患無窮 / 后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
* 永世無窮 / 永世无穷
* 永永無窮 / 永永无穷
* 無盡無窮 / 无尽无穷
* 無窮無盡 / 无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
* 無窮級數 / 无穷级数 (wúqióng jíshù)
* 無窮花 / 无穷花 (wúqiónghuā)
* 玄妙無窮 / 玄妙无穷
* 變化無窮 / 变化无穷
* 餘味無窮 / 余味无穷

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 無(む)窮(きゅう) (mukyū)
* → Korean: 무궁(無窮) (mugung)
* → Vietnamese: vô cùng (無窮)

#### See also

* 無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
* 無盡／无尽 (wújìn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 窮 |
| む Grade: 4 | きゅう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɯ̟kʲɨː]

### Noun

無(む)窮(きゅう) • (mukyū)
* infinity

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 無 | 窮 |

### Noun

無窮 • (mugung) (hangeul 무궁)
* hanja form of 무궁 (“infinity”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 無 | 窮 |

### Adjective

無窮
* chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“endless; infinity”).

### Adverb

無窮
* chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“ultimately”).

### Noun

無窮
* chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“infinity”).