# 爽

| 爽 | U+723D, &#29245; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-723D |
| ← 爼 [U+723C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爾 → [U+723E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

爽 (Kangxi radical 89, 爻+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大大大大 (KKKK), four-corner 4003$_4$, composition ⿻大㸚)

#### Derived characters

* 傸 塽 慡 摤 樉 漺 磢 䗮 鏯 騻(𫘭) 㼽 䫪 鷞(𮭪) 𠗾 𠼙 𡻯 𪼐 𥡠 𦄍(𬘾) 𧫗 𧴅 𨄷 𫕐 𫎿 𠞮 𠓷 𥱶 𬑨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19746
* Dae Jaweon: page 1104, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 543, character 15
* Unihan data for U+723D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爽 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 摤 | *sʰlaŋʔ |
| 磢 | *sʰraŋʔ |
| 漺 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sraŋʔ |
| 傸 | *sʰraŋʔ |
| 鷞 | *sraŋ, *sraŋʔ |
| 騻 | *sraŋ |
| 爽 | *sraŋʔ |
| 塽 | *sraŋʔ |
| 樉 | *sraŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 大 + 㸚 – bright.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) compares this to Drung sraŋ (“morning”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b/s-raŋ (“morning, awake, alert”) as well as Khmer ស្រាង (sraang, “to be dim / faint (of early morning light); to glimmer”). Possibly of part of an Austroasiatic word family; see 亮 (OC *raŋs) for more.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuǎng (shuang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): song$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): song$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sóng / sńg
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$saon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuǎng
*** Wade–Giles: shuang$^3$
*** Yale: shwǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoang
*** Palladius: шуан (šuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: song$^2$
*** Yale: sóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: song$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: song$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔːŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: song$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sōng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóng / sńg
*** Tâi-lô: sóng / sńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sorng, sngr
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sɔŋ⁵³/, /sŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/, /sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔŋ⁵³/, /sŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sɔŋ⁵³/, /sŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔŋ⁴¹/, /sŋ̍⁴¹/
* sóng - literary;
* sńg - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: srjangX
Rime :
| Character | 爽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 踈兩切 |
| Baxter | srjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | song$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sraŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 爽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11942 |
| Phonetic component | 爽 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𤕤 |
| Old Chinese | /*sraŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

爽
* bright; clear
* frank; straightforward
* refreshing; pleasurable; invigorating
    太爽了！ ― Tài shuǎng le! ― This is so good!
* happy; cheerful; joyful
* (of health) well; to feel well
* to deviate; to make a mistake; to miss
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Nǚ yě bù shuǎng, shì èr qí xíng. [Pinyin]
    I the lass deviated not; thou the lad hast been on thy doubly disloyal way.
* to violate; to breach; to break
    爽約／爽约 ― shuǎngyuē ― to break an appointment
* (of food) crisp
* (Cantonese) to feel good; to enjoy one's time
* (Cantonese) feel-good; satisfying
* (Internet slang, neologism) a unit equivalent to 640 million yuan (CNY) (Used to satirize Chinese actress Zheng Shuang's annual income being as much as 640 million yuan for just acting in TV dramas. Popularized by a series of events of Zheng Shuang.)

#### See also

* 痛快 (tòngkuài)

#### Compounds

* 不爽 (bùshuǎng)
* 不爽不錯 / 不爽不错
* 不爽利
* 不爽快
* 乾淨爽利 / 干净爽利
* 乾爽 / 干爽 (gānshuǎng)
* 乾脆爽快 / 干脆爽快
* 俊爽
* 冠履無爽 / 冠履无爽
* 分毫不爽
* 報應不爽 / 报应不爽
* 天高氣爽 / 天高气爽
* 屢試不爽 / 屡试不爽 (lǚshìbùshuǎng)
* 心神俱爽
* 昒爽
* 昧爽
* 林爽文
* 槮爽 / 椮爽
* 橚爽 / 𰗹爽
* 毫釐不爽
* 毫髮不爽 / 毫发不爽
* 涼爽 / 凉爽 (liángshuǎng)
* 清爽 (qīngshuǎng)
* 涼爽羊毛 / 凉爽羊毛
* 爽俐
* 爽俊
* 爽健 (shuǎngjiàn)
* 爽利 (shuǎnglì)
* 爽口 (shuǎngkǒu)
* 爽塏 / 爽垲
* 爽心
* 爽心悅目 / 爽心悦目
* 爽心豁目
* 爽快 (shuǎngkuài)
* 爽性
* 爽愷 / 爽恺
* 爽朗 (shuǎnglǎng)
* 爽氣 / 爽气
* 爽然 (shuǎngrán)
* 爽然自失
* 爽然若失 (shuǎngránruòshī)
* 爽爽
* 爽直 (shuǎngzhí)
* 爽約 / 爽约 (shuǎngyuē)
* 爽脆 (shuǎngcuì)
* 爽身粉 (shuǎngshēnfěn)
* 百不一爽
* 直爽 (zhíshuǎng)
* 碧波爽清
* 神清氣爽 / 神清气爽 (shénqīngqìshuǎng)
* 神爽飛越 / 神爽飞越
* 神爽體健 / 神爽体健
* 秋高氣爽 / 秋高气爽 (qiūgāoqìshuǎng)
* 競爽 / 竞爽
* 精爽
* 絲毫不爽 / 丝毫不爽
* 舒爽
* 英姿颯爽 / 英姿飒爽
* 英爽
* 豪爽 (háoshuǎng)
* 輕爽 / 轻爽
* 雋爽 / 隽爽
* 風清氣爽 / 风清气爽
* 颯爽 / 飒爽 (sàshuǎng)
* 颯爽英姿 / 飒爽英姿
* 馳爽 / 驰爽
* 高爽

### Pronunciation 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 爽 – see 驦 (“horse”). (This character is a variant form of 驦).

#### Compounds

* 肅爽 / 肃爽 (sùshuāng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* refreshing; reinvigorating
* resonant
* sweet
* clear
* bracing

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: さわやか (sawayaka, 爽やか, Jōyō)、あきらか (akiraka, 爽らか)、たがう (tagau, 爽う)

#### Compounds

* 爽(さわ)やか (sawayaka): refreshing, clear
* 爽快(そうかい) (sōkai): refreshing, invigorating
* 昧爽(まいそう) (maisō): dawn, daybreak

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 爽 (MC srjangX). Recorded as Middle Korean 상 (sang) (Yale: sang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [상(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 爽 (eumhun 시원할 상 (siwonhal sang))
* hanja form of 상 (“refreshing; pleasurable; invigorating”)

#### Compounds

* 상쾌 (爽快, sangkwae, “refreshment”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

爽: Hán Nôm readings: sảng, sửng, sượng, sững
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.