# studium
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstudɪjum]

### Noun

studium n (relational adjective studijní)
* study (mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning)

#### Related terms

* student
* studentka
* studovat
* studovna

### Further reading

* “studium”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “studium”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “studium”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Danish
### Alternative forms

* studie

### Etymology

From Latin studium (“study, eagerness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sdudjɔm/
* Rhymes: -ɔm

### Noun

studium n (singular definite studiet, plural indefinite studier)
* a study

#### Inflection
### See also

* studie-

## Latin
### Etymology

From studeō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈstu.di.um/, [ˈs̠t̪ʊd̪iʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈstu.di.um/, [ˈst̪uːd̪ium]

### Noun

studium n (genitive studiī or studī); second declension
* study
    Synonyms: cognitiō, disciplīna
* eagerness, zeal
    Synonyms: calor, ardor, vehementia, alacritās
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17:Quod nullo studio agebantas they were acting with no zeal
* desire, fancy
    Synonyms: cupīdō, libīdō, appetītus, appetītiō, dēsīderium, amor, ardor, inclīnātiō, prōpēnsiō, avāritia
* exertion, endeavor
    Synonyms: cōnātus, opus, opera, labor, cūra, mōlīmen, intēnsiō, mōlēs, pulvis
* pursuit, hobby
* (Medieval Latin) school
* (Medieval Latin) public academy, university

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* studiōsus

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: estudi
* → Corsican: studiu
* → Galician: estudio
* → Old French: estudie (see there for further descendants)
* → Italian: studio (see there for further descendants)
* → Occitan: estudi
* → Polish: studium
* → Portuguese: estúdio
* → Romanian: studiu
* → Russian: сту́дия (stúdija)
* → Sicilian: studiu
* → Spanish: estudio
* → Swedish: studium
* → Yiddish: שטודיע (shtudye)

### References

* “studium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “studium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* studium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to look favourably upon; to support: propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo) to be guided by ambition: laudis studio trahi to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing: studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re the sciences; the fine arts: optima studia, bonae, optimae, liberales, ingenuae artes, disciplinae the study of belles-lettres; literary pursuits: litterarum studium or tractatio (not occupatio) learning, scientific knowledge is flourishing: artium studia or artes vigent (not florent) to be engaged in literary pursuits: in studio litterarum versari to be an ardent student of..: summo studio in litteris versari to employ all one's energies on literary work: omne studium in litteris collocare, ad litteras conferre to be interested in, have a taste for culture: optimarum artium studio incensum esse to feel an attraction for study: litterarum studio trahi to relax one's studies: litterarum studia remittere to resume one's studies: intermissa studia revocare abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8) to have received a liberal education: optimis studiis or artibus, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse to devote oneself to philosophy: se conferre ad philosophiam, ad philosophiae or sapientiae studium (Fam. 4. 3. 4) to be enamoured of philosophy: philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri (Acad. 1. 2. 4) a taste for the fine arts: artium (liberalium) studium, or simply studium to devote oneself to poetry: se conferre ad poesis studium my zeal for a thing has led me too far: studio alicuius rei provectus sum to become a writer, embrace a literary career: ad scribendum or ad scribendi studium se conferre to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1) to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere to have an inclination for a thing: studio alicuius rei teneri to follow one's inclinations: studiis suis obsequi (De Or. 1. 1. 3) party-spirit: partium studium, also simply studia to be torn by faction: partium studiis divisum esse to throw oneself heart and soul into politics: studio ad rem publicam ferri independent spirit: libertas, libertatis studium to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
* studium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin studium and Old Norse studium.

### Noun

studium n (definite singular studiet, indefinite plural studier, definite plural studia or studiene)
* a study (of something)

#### Usage notes

* a study as in a scientific investigation/report or an artwork is en studie, having the same plural but a different gender

### References

* “studium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin studium and Old Norse studium.

### Noun

studium n (definite singular studiet, indefinite plural studium, definite plural studia)
* a study (of something)

#### Usage notes

* a study as in a scientific investigation/report or an artwork is en studie, having some common plural forms in Norwegian, but a different gender

### References

* “studium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* studyjum (Middle Polish)
* studyum (pre-reform orthography (1816))
* studjum (pre-reform orthography (1936))

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin studium. First attested in the 16th century. Doublet of etiuda, studia, and studio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstu.djum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -udjum
* Syllabification: stu‧dium

### Noun

studium n (related adjective studialny)
* learned society, learned academy, scholarly society, academic association
* (sciences) study (academic publication) [with o (+ locative) ‘on what’]
    Synonym: badanie
* study (meticulous analysis of something) [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘on what’]
* preparatory work (work that does not have a finished character)
* study, character study (movie that is analysis of a type of person)
* (art) study (artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique)
* (chess) endgame study
    Synonym: etiuda
* (Middle Polish) effort; willingness; zeal

#### Derived terms

* studia
* studium przypadku

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), studium is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 12 times in scientific texts, 22 times in news, 31 times in essays, 7 times in fiction, and 7 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 79 times, making it the 818th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “studium”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “studium”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “studium”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “studium”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “studium”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 567

### Further reading

* studium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* studium in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* studium in PWN's encyclopedia
* “STUDIUM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.05.2009
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “studjum”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “studjum”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 483
* studium in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Swedish
### Noun

studium n
* study (e.g. my study of Latin, my studies at the university)

#### Usage notes

* a study (an investigation, a report) is en studie, having the same plural but different gender

#### Related terms

* student
* studera
* studie
* studiebesök
* studiebidrag
* studiecirkel
* studieförbund
* studiegång
* studiekamrat
* studielån
* studieplan
* studierektor
* studiestöd
* studievägledare