# 鉈

| 鉈 | U+9248, &#37448; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9248 |
| ← 鉇 [U+9247] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鉉 → [U+9249] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鉈 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 金十心 (CJP), four-corner 8311$_1$, composition ⿰釒它)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1300, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40289
* Dae Jaweon: page 1802, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4191, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9248

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鉈 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 佗 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl |
| 拕 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 它 | *l̥ʰaːl |
| 蛇 | *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal |
| 袉 | *l̥ʰaːlʔ, *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 鴕 | *l'aːl |
| 駝 | *l'aːl |
| 紽 | *l'aːl |
| 鮀 | *l'aːl |
| 陀 | *l'aːl |
| 沱 | *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ |
| 跎 | *l'aːl |
| 詑 | *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ, *hlel, *lal, *l̥ʰoːl |
| 酡 | *l'aːl |
| 迱 | *l'aːl |
| 舵 | *l'aːlʔ |
| 柁 | *l'aːlʔ |
| 鉈 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shī (shi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shī
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shih
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$
*** Yale: shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^1$
*** Yale: sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzyae, sye
Rime :
| Character | 鉈 | 鉈 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 視遮切 | 式支切 |
| Baxter | dzyae | sye |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑia/ | /ɕiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑia/ | /ɕiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑia/ | /ɕjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑia/ | /ɕiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑia/ | /ɕie/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭa/ | /ɕǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯a/ | /ɕie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ché | shī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^4$ | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljaːl/, /*hljal/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鉈 | 鉈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12231 | 12233 |
| Phonetic component | 它 | 它 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 闍 | 䌳 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljaːl/ | /*hljal/ |
| Notes | | 同鍦 |

#### Definitions

鉈
* spear; lance

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鉈 – see 匜 (“yi”). (This character is a variant form of 匜).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuó (tuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuó
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: two
*** Palladius: то (to)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^4$
*** Yale: tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː²¹/

#### Definitions

鉈
* counterweight of the steelyard balance

#### Compounds

* 躧匾稱鉈 / 𰸐匾称铊

### Etymology 4

From New Latin thallium.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tā (ta$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tā
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ta
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^1$
*** Yale: tā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
*** Palladius: та (ta)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taa$^1$
*** Yale: tā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ta$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

鉈
* thallium

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B05298
* “鉈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* hatchet, billhook, machete, froe

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゃ (ja)、せ (se)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha)、し (shi)
* Kun: なた (nata, 鉈)、ほこ (hoko, 鉈)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鉈
* なた Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 𨦈 (rare)
From Old Japanese 鉈 (nata). Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Possibly related to Old Japanese な (na, “blade, edge”).
Possibly cognate with Korean 낫 (nat), Korean 나대 (nadae) of similar meanings as Japanese 鉈 (nata).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なた [nàtá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [na̠ta̠]

### Noun

鉈(なた) • (nata)
* a hatchet, a billhook, a machete, a froe: a broad term for a one-handed thick-bladed cutting tool, generally used for cutting through wood or vegetation; the blade may be in various shapes depending on intended use, either straight or curved, long or short
* (sumo) a technique of bending one's elbow and attacking an opponent's throat or chest with one's forearm (so called for the way the bent-elbow arm shape resembles certain varieties of nata woodworking tools)

#### Derived terms

* 鉈彫(なたぼり) (natabori)
* 鉈豆(なたまめ) (natamame, “sword bean or Canavalia gladiata”)
* 鉈鎌(なたがま) (natagama)
* 剣鉈(けんなた) (kennata)
* 薙刀(なぎなた) (naginata)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
   * “鉈”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN