# 冗

| 冗 | U+5197, &#20887; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5197 |
| ← 冖 [U+5196] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冘 → [U+5198] |
| 冗 | U+2F817, &#194583; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F817 |
| ← 𠕋 [U+2F816] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 冤 → [U+2F818] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冗 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓 (BHN) or 難月竹弓 (XBHN) or 月竹山 (BHU), four-corner 3721$_7$, composition ⿱冖几(U+5197) or ⿱冖儿(U+2F817))

#### Derived characters

* 㕴, 坈, 㚮, 䤟, 䢆, 棾
* 𢪚, 𣏝, 𤴺, 𥓣
* 伔 (Exception: Contains ⿱冖儿 in Korea and ⿱冖几 in other regions)
* 沉 (Exception: Contains ⿱冖儿 in Taiwan, Hong Kong and ⿱冖几 in other regions)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1566
* Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 302, character 16
* Unihan data for U+5197
* Unihan data for U+2F817

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冗 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 宂 | *njoŋʔ |
| 冗 | *njoŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 儿 (“person”) — a person at home without work to do.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǒng (rong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lēng / liōng / lióng / jióng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǒng
*** Wade–Giles: jung$^3$
*** Yale: rǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roong
*** Palladius: жун (žun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
*** Yale: yúng / yúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^2$ / yung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
*** Tâi-lô: līng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
*** Tâi-lô: liōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lióng
*** Tâi-lô: lióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jióng
*** Tâi-lô: jióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiorng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ⁵³/
* lēng - verncaular;
* liōng - 量 in the Mainland;
* lióng/jióng - literary.
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njoŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10862 |
| Phonetic component | 冗 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宂 |
| Old Chinese | /*njoŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 宂注俗體 |

### Definitions

冗
* superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant
* complicated and tedious; overloaded with details
* busy routine

#### Synonyms

* (superfluous):
* 冗長 / 冗长 (rǒngzhàng) (archaic)
* 冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
* 剩 (shèng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 噠浪 / 哒浪 (dag$^4$ nng$^7$) (Teochew)
* 多餘 / 多余 (duōyú)
* (complicated and tedious):
* 龐雜 / 庞杂 (pángzá)
* 曲折 (qūzhé)
* 繁瑣 / 繁琐 (fánsuǒ)
* 繁雜 / 繁杂 (fánzá)
* 繁難 / 繁难 (fánnán)
* 複雜 / 复杂

### Compounds

* 冗兵 (rǒngbīng)
* 冗冗
* 冗員 / 冗员 (rǒngyuán)
* 冗官 (rǒngguān)
* 冗忙 (rǒngmáng)
* 冗散
* 冗早 (liōng-chá) (Min Nan)
* 冗筆 / 冗笔
* 冗繁 (rǒngfán)
* 冗言 (rǒngyán)
* 冗詞贅句 / 冗词赘句
* 冗費 / 冗费 (rǒngfèi)
* 冗賦 / 冗赋 (rǒngfù)
* 冗贅 / 冗赘 (rǒngzhuì)
* 冗長 / 冗长
* 冗雜 / 冗杂 (rǒngzá)
* 冗食
* 冗餘 / 冗余 (rǒngyú)
* 心勞意冗 / 心劳意冗
* 撥冗 / 拨冗 (bōrǒng)
* 浮冗
* 煩冗 / 烦冗 (fánrǒng)
* 窮冗 / 穷冗
* 繁冗 (fánrǒng)
* 荒冗冗
* 閑冗 / 闲冗

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* superfluous
* uselessness

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゅう (nyū)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)
* Kun: むだ (muda, 冗)

#### Compounds

* 冗(じょう)句(く) (jōku)
* 冗(じょう)談(だん) (jōdan, “joke”)
* 冗(じょう)長(ちょう) (jōchō)
* 冗(じょう)漫(まん) (jōman)

## Korean
### Hanja

冗 (eum 용 (yong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冗: Hán Việt readings: nhũng
冗: Nôm readings: nũng, nhõng, nhũng, đem, nhùng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).