# Holocaust
## English
### Etymology

See holocaust.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈhɒləkɔːst/
* (US) IPA: /ˈhɑləkɔst/
* (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈhɑləkɑst/
** Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

the Holocaust (usually uncountable, plural Holocausts)
* (historical, strictly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.
* (historical, loosely) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:Holocaust.

#### Usage notes

* Whether the term "Holocaust" is a designation for the mass murder of all groups systematically targeted by the Nazis, or only the genocide of six million Jews, is contested.
* The genocide of the European Jews may be unambiguously referred to as the Shoah. The genocide of the Romani people has the specific designation Porajmos.

#### Synonyms

* (mass murder of six million Jews): Shoah
* the Nazi genocide

#### Hypernyms

* (mass murder of six million Jews): holocaust, genocide, mass murder
* (mass murder of 11 million people): holocaust, democide, mass murder

#### Hyponyms

* (mass murder of 11 million people): Shoah (mass murder of Jews)
* (mass murder of 11 million people): Homocaust
* (mass murder of 11 million people): Porajmos (the genocide of the Roma)

#### Derived terms

* (used by Holocaust deniers:)
** Hoaxocaust, Holocash, Holohoax
** Holocaustianity
** Lolocaust

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

Holocaust (third-person singular simple present Holocausts, present participle Holocausting, simple past and past participle Holocausted)
* Alternative letter-case form of holocaust (“subject to a mass annihilation; destroy en masse”).

### See also

* The Holocaust on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* at Wikipedia: Nazi persecution of Romanis (Porajmos), Catholics, Jehovah's Witnesses, blacks, Poles, Soviet prisoners-of-war, and homosexuals
* concentration camp
* ethnic cleansing
* final solution
* Meds Yeghern

### References

* ↑ see e.g. Edward T. Linenthal, Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum (Columbia University Press; 15 October 2001; →ISBN

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Holocaust, from French holocauste, from Latin holocaustum, from the neuter of Ancient Greek ὁλόκαυστος (holókaustos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦɔ.loːˌkɑu̯st/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Ho‧lo‧caust

### Proper noun

Holocaust m
* Holocaust

#### Derived terms

* Holocaustherdenking
* Holocaustmonument
* Holocaustontkenner
* Holocaustontkenning

#### Related terms

* holocaust

## German
### Alternative forms

* Holokaust (rare)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Holocaust. Popularized through the American TV production Holocaust (1978, first broadcast in Germany in January 1979), it was selected word of the year in Germany in December 1979.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhoːloˌkaʊ̯st/, IPA: /ˌholoˈkaʊ̯st/
* (anglicised pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɔləˌkɔːst/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Holocaust m (proper noun, strong, genitive Holocaust or Holocaustes or Holocausts)
* (historical) the Holocaust
** 2022 December 9, Andreas Fanizadeh, “Antisemitismus im Theater: Das geht an die Nieren”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN:Das Selbstanklagende, „dass man nichts lernt“ schreibt er den Überlebenden des Holocaust und den vertriebenen Juden aus den arabischen Staaten zu, die heute in Israel leben.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Noun

Holocaust m (strong, genitive Holocaust or Holocaustes or Holocausts, plural Holocausts)
* a holocaust
** 1999, Barbara S. Brucker, Das Ganze, dessen Teile wir sind. Zu Tradition und Erfahrung des inneren Raumes bei Doris Lessing, Königshausen & Neumann, page 110:Denn, was im vorliegenden Fall als Science-Fiction und nuklearer Holocaust dargestellt wird, kann als Metapher für das moralisch durchseuchte Leben unserer Zivilisation verstanden werden.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2005, Maria Rührnschopf (geb. Friedrich), Glaubst du das? Ein Konfirmand fragt seine Großmutter, Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, page 23:
    Warum ließ er [= Gott] die Holocausts unseres Jahrhunderts zu?(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2006, Holger Freiherr von Dobeneck, Das Sloterdijk-Alphabet. Kritisch-lexikalische Einführung in seinen Ideenkosmos. Zweite stark erweiterte Auflage., Königshausen & Neumann, page 16:In diesem Prozeß des post histoire gegen die eigene Vergangenheit macht Amerika mit seiner Sklaverei, seinem Indianerholocaust und seinem Ausbeutungskolonialismus wahrlich keine gute Figur.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, Erhard Roy Wiehn, Bleibende Warnungen III - Gesammelte Vorworte, Vorträge und Artikel 2004-2007, Hartung-Gorre Verlag Konstanz, page 192:Wohl zurecht fragt Mykola Rjabtschuk, warum "eine nationale Katastrophe wie der Holodomor (1932/33) - der Hungerholocaust - in der Ukraine für die Ukrainer nicht zu dem wurde, was für die Juden die Shoah oder für die Armenier das Massaker von 1915 geworden ist."(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2011, Sylvia Tschörner, Das virtuelle Barock des Herrn P.C.: Der seidende Schuh von Paul Claudel, in: Göttliche, menschliche und teuflische Komödien. Europäische Welttheater-Entwürfe im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Albert Gier (ed.), University of Bamberg Press, page 171:
    Der amerikanische Holocaust, dem im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert Millionen von Indios zum Opfer fielen, wird ästhetisiert:(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* atomarer Holocaust
* Babycaust
* Bombenholocaust
* Holocaust-Geschichte
* Holocaust-Industrie
* Holocaust-Schwindel
* Holocaustforschung
* Holocaustleugner
* Holocaustleugnung
* Holocaustlüge
* Holocaustreligion
* Holocaustüberlebender
* Hungerholocaust
* Roter Holocaust

#### See also

* Appendix:GfdS words of the year#1979

### References

* ↑ Holocaust at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
* 1 2 Max Mangold, Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch (Duden Band 6), sixth revised and updated edition (Dudenverlag, Mannheim, 2005; →ISBN, page 408
* ↑ Duden: Universalwörterbuch, sixth edition, page 844
* ↑ Duden: Großes Fremdwörterbuch, fourth edition, page 565

### Further reading

* “Holocaust” in Duden online
* “Holocaust” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* Holokaust

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Holocaust.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xɔˈlɔ.kawst/
* Rhymes: -ɔkawst
* Syllabification: Ho‧lo‧caust
* Homophones: Holokaust, holocaust, holokaust

### Proper noun

Holocaust m inan
* (historical) Holocaust (mass murder of Jews perpetrated by the Nazi Germany)
    Synonyms: Shoah, Szoa, Szoah

#### Related terms

* holocaust

### Further reading

* Holocaust in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Holocaust in Polish dictionaries at PWN