OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# خاطرنشان
## Persian
### Etymology

خاطر (xâter, “mind”) +‎ نشان (nešân, present stem of نشاندن (nešândan, “to settle, to fix”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xɑː.tiɾ.ni.ˈʃɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑː.t̪ʰɪɾ.nɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑː.t̪ʰɪɾ.nɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɑː.t̪ʰɪɾ.nɪ.ʃɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xɔː.t̪ʰiɾ.ni.ʃɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xɒː.t̪ʰeɹ.ne.ʃɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χɔ.t̪ʰiɾ.ni.ʃɔ́n]

### Adjective

خاطرنشان • (xâternešân)
* fixed in the mind or memory
** c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “Ghazal 370”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]‎:سخن باشد بسی کز غیر باید داشت پوشیده نمی‌دانم که شد حرف منت خاطرنشان یا نهsuxan bāšad basē k-az ğayr bāyad dāšt pōšīda na-mē-dānam ki šud harf-i man-at xātirnišān yā naSo many things to say to keep veiled from other people, But I do not know if you remember my words or not.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* خاطرنشان کردن (xâternešân kardan, “to remind”)
# mapangitan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pangit +‎ ma- -an.

### Verb

mapangitan (complete napangitan, progressive napapangitan, contemplative mapapangitan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔)
* to find something ugly
    Antonym: magandahan
* to find something not good
    Antonym: magandahan
    Napapangitan ako sa sulat mo.I find your hand-writing bad.

#### Related terms

* papangitin
# ঘোঁৰা
## Assamese
### Etymology

Inherited from Early Assamese ঘোড়া (ghöṛa), from Sanskrit ঘোটক (ghoṭaka), from Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʱʊ̃.ɹa/

### Noun

ঘোঁৰা • (ghü̃ra)
* horse

#### Derived terms

* তাসী ঘোঁৰা (taxi ghü̃ra)
* বনৰীয়া ঘোঁৰা (bonoria ghü̃ra)
# jꜣḫw
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈjaʀχVw/ → /ˈjaʀχVw/ → /jaːχə/ → /joːχ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈjaʀχVw/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈjaʀχVw/
    where V represents an unknown short vowel.
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /jaːχə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /joːχ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /iɑxuː/
** Conventional anglicization: iakhu

### Noun

m
* sunlight, sunshine
* radiance
* used as an epithet for various gods, particularly Ra

#### Alternative forms

| jꜣḫw | ꜣḫw | ꜣḫw | ꜣḫw | ꜣḫ | ꜣḫw | ꜣḫw |
| | [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] |
| as a divine epithet | | | | | as a divine epithet | as a divine epithet |

#### Derived terms

* n ḏr-jꜣḫw
* rww-ḏr-jꜣḫw

#### Related terms

* jꜣḫ
* jꜣḫt

#### Descendants

* Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁϩ (eiah), ⲣⲓⲁϩ (riah)

### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 13, 33.3–33.4
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 4–5, 9
* Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 69
# nukil
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Arabic نُقِلَ (nuqila).

### Verb

nukil
* to cite, to quote

#### Derived terms

* menukil
* menukilkan
* nukilan
* ternukil
# sluitspier
## Dutch
### Etymology

From sluiten +‎ spier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈslœy̯t.spiːr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sluit‧spier

### Noun

sluitspier f (plural sluitspieren, diminutive sluitspiertje n)
* sphincter (band of muscle)
    Synonyms: kringspier, sfincter

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: sluitspier
# bhāgya
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baɡja/
* Rhymes: -ɡja
* Hyphenation: ba‧gya

### Noun

bhāgya
* good fortune, luck

#### Alternative forms

* bage,
* bahagya
* bahage

#### Derived terms

* ambhāgyākĕn
* bhināgyākĕn
* bhāgyan
* pambhāgya
* tija bhāgya
* abhāgya
* atibhāgya
* mahātibhāgya
* mandabhāgya
* sabhāgya
* sahasrabhāgya
* sobhāgya
* subhāgya

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦧꦒꦾ (bagya), ꦧꦼꦒ꧀ꦗ (begja) (inherited)
* > Javanese: ꦧꦼꦗ (beja) (inherited)
** → Indonesian: bejo
* → Balinese: ᬪᬵᬕ᭄ᬬ (bagia)

### Further reading

* "bhāgya" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# ceber
## Old Polish
### Alternative forms

* cber, cebr, czber, czeber, czebr, dzber, dżber

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьbь̀rъ. First attested in the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /t͡sɛbɛr/
* IPA: (15th CE) /t͡sɛbɛr/

### Noun

ceber m animacy unattested
* bucket, pail (large vessel for liquids)
** 1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 12, 13:Nye biwali s tich pyenyødzi wodny cebrowye (non fiebant ex eadem pecunia hydriae)[Nie bywali z tych pieniędzy wodni cebrowie (non fiebant ex eadem pecunia hydriae)]
** bucket, pail (such a vessel used as a unit of measurement)
*** 1868 [1435], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎, volume XII, page 425:Viccum tritici al. dzber... dare debet[Viccum tritici al. dzber... dare debet]

#### Descendants

* Polish: ceber, czeber (Kuyavia), cober (Central Greater Poland)

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ceber, cber, cebr, czber, czeber, czebr, dzber, dżber”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* czeber (Kuyavia)
* cober (Central Greater Poland)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish ceber. The current form is a result of mazuration.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.bɛr/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.bɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛbɛr
* Syllabification: ce‧ber
* Homophone: Ceber

### Noun

ceber m inan (diminutive cebrzyk)
* bucket, pail (round vessel, usually wooden, with one or two handles, formerly used in rural households)
    Synonym: szaflik

#### Derived terms

* lać jak z cebra

### Further reading

* ceber in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ceber in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “ceber”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 104
# αδέλφι
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* αδέρφι n (adérfi)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother”).

### Noun

αδέλφι • (adélfi) n (plural αδέλφια)
* sibling
* a general term of close relationship
    όλοι οι άνθρωποι είναι αδέλφια ― óloi oi ánthropoi eínai adélfia ― all men are brothers

#### Usage notes

The plural form is much more common.

#### Coordinate terms

* αμφιθαλής (amfithalís, “sibling”, adjective)

#### Related terms

* αδελφάκι n (adelfáki, “little sibling”)
* αδελφάτο n (adelfáto, “brotherhood, sorority”)
* αδελφή f (adelfí, “sister”)
* αδέλφι n (adélfi, “sibling”)
* αδέλφια n pl (adélfia, “siblings, brothers and sisters”)
* αδελφικά (adelfiká, “fraternally”)
* αδελφικός (adelfikós, “fraternal”)
* αδελφικότητα f (adelfikótita, “sisterliness, brotherliness”)
* αδελφογαμία f (adelfogamía, “adelphogamy”)
* αδελφοκτονία f (adelfoktonía, “fratricide”)
* αδελφοκτόνος m or f (adelfoktónos, “brother/sister killer”)
* αδελφοκτόνος (adelfoktónos, “fratricidal”)
* αδελφομίκτης m (adelfomíktis, “incestuous person”)
* αδελφομιξία f (adelfomixía, “incest”)
* αδελφοποίηση f (adelfopoíisi, “fraternisation”)
* αδελφοποιία f (adelfopoiía, “fraternisation”)
* αδελφοποιτός m (adelfopoitós, “blood brother”)
* αδελφός m (adelfós, “brother”)
* αδελφοσύνη f (adelfosýni, “brotherhood, brotherliness, fraternity”)
* αδελφότητα f (adelfótita, “brotherhood, sorority”)
* αδελφούλα f (adelfoúla, “sister”, diminutive)
* αδέλφωση f (adélfosi, “fraternisation”)
* αδερφομοίρι n (aderfomoíri, “brother's share”)
* ανάδελφος (anádelfos, “brotherless, sisterless”)
* αυταδέλφη f (aftadélfi, “full-sister”)
* αυτάδελφος m (aftádelfos, “full-brother”)
# 洞見
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòngjiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^6$ gin$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòngjiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòngjiàn
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: dùng-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donqjiann
*** Palladius: дунцзянь (dunczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^6$ gin$^3$
*** Yale: duhng gin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^6$ gin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^6$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²² kiːn³³/

### Verb

洞見
* (literary) to see clearly

#### Derived terms

* 洞見癥結 / 洞见症结
# boriko
## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish bórico.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈboɾiko/ [ˌboː.ɾɪˈxo]
* Rhymes: -oɾiko
* Syllabification: bo‧ri‧ko

#### Noun

bórikó (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜃᜓ)
* (chemistry) boric acid

##### Related terms

* agwa-borikada

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish borrico.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /boˈɾiko/ [boˈɾiː.xo]
* Rhymes: -iko
* Syllabification: bo‧ri‧ko

#### Noun

boriko (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜃᜓ)
* Alternative form of buriko

### References

* “boriko”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# honing
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈhoʊnɪŋ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhəʊnɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -oʊnɪŋ, -əʊnɪŋ

### Verb

honing
* present participle and gerund of hone

### Noun

honing (plural honings)
* The process by which something is honed.
** 2007, Fine Woodworking, numbers 195-201, page 57:In future honings, you'll assume the tip is touching the stone on the back when it is, in fact, above the stone's surface.

#### Derived terms

* honing steel
* honing(metalworking)

### Anagrams

* nigh on

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* honig (dialectal, archaic)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch honinch (“honey”), from Old Dutch honing, from Proto-Germanic *hunangą. Cognate with English honey and German Honig.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦoː.nɪŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ho‧ning
* Rhymes: -oːnɪŋ

### Noun

honing m (uncountable)
* honey
    Synonym: zeem

#### Usage notes

In older publications, one can also encounter the word with the neuter gender.

#### Derived terms

* bijenhoning
* bloemenhoning
* honingbeer
* honingbij
* honingdas
* honingeter
* honingkoek
* honingraat

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: heuning
* Negerhollands: henig, honing
* → Papiamentu: honing, heinik (dated)
* →? Sranan Tongo: oni
** → Aukan: oniki
** → Saramaccan: honi
# ନିଠା
## Odia
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit निष्ठ (niṣṭha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪iʈʰa/

### Noun

ନିଠା (niṭhā)
* devotion; perseverance

#### Derived terms

* ନିଠାଇବା (niṭhāibā)

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ନିଠା”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
# stigmasterin
## English
### Noun

stigmasterin (uncountable)
* Synonym of stigmasterol
# dalga dalga
## Turkish
### Etymology

Reduplication of dalga (“wave”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daɫˈɡa.daɫ.ɡa/
* Hyphenation: dal‧ga‧dal‧ga

### Adjective

dalga dalga
* (of hair or any surface) wavy, waved, rolling, flowing
    Synonym: dalgalı
* (of color) Not uniform, having light and dark patches.

### Adverb

dalga dalga
* In a wavelike manner, in waves.
* In a wavy, rolling manner, wavily.

#### Related terms

* dalga geçmek
* dalgakıran
* dev dalga
* Meksika dalgası
* mikrodalga

### Further reading

* “dalga dalga”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dalga dalga”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1085
# clickbaitowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From clickbait +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kliɡ.bɛjˈtɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: click‧bai‧to‧wy

### Adjective

clickbaitowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (colloquial, Internet, marketing, relational) clickbait (website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines)

#### Related terms

* clickbait

### Further reading

* clickbaitowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ufuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay ufuk, from Arabic أُفُق (ʔufuq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈufʊk/
* Rhymes: -u, -fuk
* Hyphenation: ufuk

### Noun

ufuk (plural ufuk-ufuk)
* horizon, skysill, skyline: the visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.
    Synonyms: batas pemandangan, cakrawala, horizon, kaki langit, tepi langit

#### Alternative forms

* upuk

#### Derived terms

* berufuk
* ufuk debu
* ufuk kabut
* ufuk radio

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “ufuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic أُفُق (ʔufuq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [u.foʔ]
* Rhymes: -fok, -ok
* Hyphenation: u‧fuk

### Noun

ufuk (Jawi spelling اوفوق)
* The horizon.
    Synonyms: kaki langit, horizon

#### Affixations

* mengufuk (“horizontal”)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: ufuk

### Further reading

* “ufuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish افق, from Arabic أُفُق (ʔufuq).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ufuk (definite accusative ufku, plural ufuklar)
* horizon

#### Hyponyms

* olay ufku (“event horizon”)

#### Related terms

* ufki (“horizontal”)

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ufuk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “افق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 159
# mahabaan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From haba +‎ ma- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /mahaˈbaʔan/ [mɐ.hɐˈbaː.ʔɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -aʔan
* Syllabification: ma‧ha‧ba‧an

### Verb

mahabaan (complete nahabaan, progressive nahahabaan, contemplative mahahabaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜊᜀᜈ᜔)
* to find something long
    Antonym: maiksian
    Nahahabaan ako sa pantalon mo.I find your pants long.

#### Related terms

* mahaba
* pahabain
# Tiemann
## English
### Proper noun

Tiemann (plural Tiemanns)
* A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Reimer-Tiemann reaction

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Tiemann is the 16004th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1814 individuals. Tiemann is most common among White (93.72%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* Imtenan, Tianmen, antimen, mannite, tineman
# latar belakang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of latar (“(back)yard”) +‎ belakang (“back”), calque of Dutch achtergrond (“background”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlatar bəˈlakaŋ]

### Noun

latar belakang (uncountable)
* background:
** context: a part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject.
** history: information relevant to the current situation about past events.
* background music: any music in a film, video game or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.
* motive: a reason for a behaviour.
    Synonym: motif

#### Derived terms

* dilatarbelakangi
* melatarbelakangi

### Further reading

* “latar belakang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Vorderreifen
## German
### Etymology

vorder- +‎ Reifen

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Vorderreifen m (strong, genitive Vorderreifens, plural Vorderreifen)
* front tire, front tyre
    Antonym: Hinterreifen

#### Hypernyms

* Autoreifen
* Fahrradreifen
* Flugzeugreifen
* Motorradreifen

#### Related terms

* Allwetterreifen
* Anhängerreifen
* Ersatzreifen
* Ganzjahresreifen
* Gummireifen
* Regenreifen
* Reifenabrieb
* Reifendruck
* Reifenpanne
* Schneereifen
* Schwimmreifen
* Sommerreifen
* Spikereifen
* Traktorreifen
* Vorderbein
* Vorderdeck
* Vorderseite
* Winterreifen
# ပါပုဏာတိ
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* pāpuṇāti (Latin script)
* 𑀧𑀸𑀧𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* पापुणाति (Devanagari script)
* পাপুণাতি (Bengali script)
* පාපුණාති (Sinhalese script)
* ပႃပုꧣႃတိ (Burmese script)
* ปาปุณาติ (Thai script)
* ᨷᩤᨷᩩᨱᩣᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
* ປາປຸຓາຕິ (Lao script)
* បាបុណាតិ (Khmer script)
* 𑄛𑄂𑄛𑄪𑄕𑄂𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

### Verb

ပါပုဏာတိ (root ap, fourth conjugation)
* Burmese script form of pāpuṇāti (“to obtain”)
** ဂျပါန် ရဋ္ဌတော စိတ္တမာသဿ သုက္ခပက္ခေ ဒုတိယာယံ နိက္ခန္တာ၊ ရာဇဒူတာ တသ္မိံ ယေ၀ ပက္ခေ ဒသမိယံ သျာမရဋ္ဌံ ပါပုဏိံသု။ɡyapān raṭṭhato cittamāsassa sukkhapakkhe dutiyāyaṃ nikkhantā, rājadūtā tasmiṃ yeva pakkhe dasamiyaṃ syāmaraṭṭhaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu.The envoys started from Japan on the second day after the new moon of the month of Citta (April) and reached Siam on the 10th of the same fortnight.(Reuse of example for ဂျပါန် (gyapān) contributed by 咽頭べさ on 13 May 2021)

#### Conjugation

* Present active participle: ပါပုဏန္တ် (pāpuṇant), which see for forms and usage
* Present middle participle: ပါပုဏမာန (pāpuṇamāna), which see for forms and usage
* past participle: ပတ္တ (patta), which see for forms and usage
* Absolutive: ပတွာ (patvā), ပါပုဏိတွာ (pāpuṇitvā), ပပ္ပုယျ (pappuyya), which see for forms and usage
# çok geçmeden
## Turkish
### Etymology

From çok (“many, much”) +‎ geç- (“to pass, to go through, (for time) to pass”) +‎ -meden (adverbial compound suffix), literally “before much (time) is past”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃokˈɟet͡ʃ.me.den/
* Hyphenation: çok‧geç‧me‧den

### Adverb

çok geçmeden
* before long, soon
    Synonyms: birazdan, az sonra, yakında

#### Related terms

* az çok
* birçoğu
* birçok
* çok çok
* çok şükür
* geçerli
* geçit
* genelgeçer
* pek çok
* serdengeçti

### Further reading

* “çok geçmeden”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çok geçmeden”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1025
# činiti
## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *činiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈt͡ʃiɲici/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈt͡ʃiɲici/

### Verb

činiti impf
* to make (to cause to be)
    činiti prázdna koho (ot) čeho ― to rid someone of something
    činiti bezpečna koho (ot) čeho ― to protect someone from something
    činiti krátko komu ― to wrong someone
    činiti známo co komu ― to inform someone about something
* to act

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | supine | verbal noun |
| činiti | činit | čiňenie |
| | Present | Present | Present | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | čiňu | činívě (-va) | činím (-me/-my) | – | čiňvě, činivě (-va) | čiňme, činim (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | činíš | činíta | činíte | čiň, čini | čiňta, činita | čiňte, činite |
| 3rd person | činí | činíta | činie | čiň, čini | čiňta, činita | čiňte, činite |
| | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Imperfect | Imperfect | Imperfect |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | činich | činichově (-va) | činichom (-me/-my) | činiech | činiechově (-va) | činiechom (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | čini | činista (-šta) | činiste (-šte) | činieše | činiešta (-sta) | činiešte (-ste) |
| 3rd person | čini | činista (-šta) | činichu | činieše | činiešta (-sta) | činiechu |
| | L-participle | L-participle | L-participle | Passive participle | Passive participle | Passive participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | činil | činila | činili | čiňen | čiňena | čiňeni |
| Feminine | činila | činile | činily | čiňena | čiňeně | čiňeny |
| Neuter | činilo | činile | činila | čiňeno | čiňeně | čiňena |
| | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | S-participle | S-participle | S-participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | čině | činiece | činiece | činiv | činivše | činivše |
| Feminine | činieci | činiece | činiece | činivši | činivše | činivše |
| Neuter | čině, činieci | činiece | činiece | činiv, činivši | činivše | činivše |
Note: This table shows the most common forms of činiti around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

#### Derived terms

* dočiniti
* otčiniti
* přičiniti
* přěčin
* sčiniti
* sčiniti
* vyčiniti
* začiniti
* zločin
* čin

#### Descendants

* Czech: činit

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “činiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *činiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃǐniti/
* Hyphenation: či‧ni‧ti

### Verb

čìniti impf (Cyrillic spelling чѝнити)
* (transitive) to make, do
* (transitive) to commit, perform
* (transitive) to constitute, consist, make up
* (transitive) to tan
* (reflexive) to appear, seem

#### Derived terms

* načìniti
* opčìniti
* počìniti
* podčìniti
* pričìniti
* sačìniti
* učìniti
* začìniti
# 누리
## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nuɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [누리]

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Middle Korean 누리〮 (nwùlí), which was already quaint by the fifteenth century. Doublet of 뉘 (nwi).

#### Noun

누리 • (nuri)
* (literary) world
    Synonym: 세상(世上) (sesang)
    말과 글의 누리mal-gwa geur-ui nuriThe world of "speech and writing" (languages) ― the slogan of the Korean Wiktionary

##### Usage notes

* In recent times, the word has been used in newly coined compound words relating to the Internet, such as 누리집 (nurijip, “homepage”) and 누리꾼 (nurikkun, “netizen”), in a governmental effort to replace loanwords (외래어(外來語) (oeraeeo)) into native neologisms. This has been done by both North and South Korean governments.
* In South Korea, its use by the general public is quite limited, and is largely restricted to the government and government regulated broadcasters. Despite the government's effort, most native speakers still use loanwords from English such as 홈페이지 (hompeiji, “homepage”) and 네티즌 (netijeun, “netizen”). The situation in North Korea is not known.

##### Derived terms

* 누리꾼 (nurikkun)
* 누리망(網) (nurimang)
* 누리집 (nurijip)

### Etymology 2

Of native Korean origin.

#### Noun

누리 • (nuri)
* (rare) hail (balls of ice)
    Synonym: (common) 우박(雨雹) (ubak)

### Etymology 3

Of native Korean origin.

#### Noun

누리 • (nuri)
* type of grasshopper

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

누리 • (nuri)
* Stem of 누리다 (nurida, “to enjoy”)

### Etymology 5
#### Adjective

누리 • (nuri)
* Stem of 누리다 (nurida, “to be foul-smelling”)

## Middle Korean
### Etymology

From Old Korean 世理 (NWUri).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /nù.lí/

### Noun

누리〮 (nwùlí)
* Archaic form of 뉘〯 (nwǔy, “world; time, epoch, era”)
** 14th century?, “動動 / 동동 (Dongdong)”, in 樂學軌範 / 악학궤범 (Akhak Gwebeom):누릿 가온ᄃᆡ 나곤 몸하 ᄒᆞ올로 녈셔nwuli-s kawontoy nakwon mwom-ha howollwo nyelsyethough it was born in the middle of the world, oh this body of mine! It goes its way alone.
** 1527, Choe Sejin, 최세진(崔世珍), 訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회 [Hunmong Jahoe]‎:世(셰〯) 누리〮 셰〯SYĚY nwùlí syěy[The Chinese word] 世 (shì) [means] "world" [and is pronounced] syěy.

#### Usage notes

* Rarely found in Middle Korean. Perhaps the sole attestation in a running text is from Dongdong, a highly archaic poem. A 1527 Chinese–Korean dictionary, Hunmong Jahoe, also includes the term as a gloss to a Chinese character; such dictionaries are also known for archaisms in their choice of Korean vocabulary.

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 누리 (nuri)