# murmurar
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* marmurar (popular form)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [muɾmuˈɾaɾ]

### Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)
* to speak negatively about someone who is not present; to gossip
    Synonym: rexoubar
** 1886, Antonio Machado y Alvarez, Folk-lore español: Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares españoles ..., page 212:Por cantar e estar alegre /nunca se perdeu ninguén /pérdese por marmurar /vidas de xente de ben.Singing and having fun /never damned no one /but the lives of good people/ are lost because of gossiping
* to murmur, whisper
* to mutter, grumble
    Synonym: rosmar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* murmuración
* murmurador

#### Related terms

* murmurio

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “murmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “murmur”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “marmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “murmurar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “murmurar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “murmurar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “murmurar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar, probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /muɾ.muˈɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muʁ.muˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /muɻ.muˈɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /muɾ.muˈɾa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: mur‧mu‧rar

### Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)
* to murmur, whisper
* to mutter, grumble
* to ripple
* to rustle

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* murmúrio m

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish murmurar, borrowed from Latin murmurāre. Cf. also the popular Old Spanish variant mormurar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muɾmuˈɾaɾ/ [muɾ.muˈɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: mur‧mu‧rar

### Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmuré, past participle murmurado)
* (transitive) to murmur, to mutter
* (intransitive) to murmur
* (intransitive) to gossip

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* murmullo
* murmuración
* murmurio

### See also

* chismear

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “murmurar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “murmurar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10