# 奮

| 奮 | U+596E, &#22894; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-596E |
| ← 奭 [U+596D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 奯 → [U+596F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

奮 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大人土田 (KOGW), four-corner 4060$_1$, composition ⿱奞田)

#### Derived characters

* 𢅯, 𢤬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6012
* Dae Jaweon: page 515, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 550, character 3
* Unihan data for U+596E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奮 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 奞 (“bird”) + 田 (“field”) – bird spreading its wings to fly.

### Etymology

Related to 翂 (OC *pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and 飛 (OC *pɯl, “to fly”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fèn (fen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fun
* Eastern Min (BUC): hóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hùn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^4$
*** Yale: fèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
*** Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^5$
*** Yale: fáhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hóng
*** Sinological IPA : /houŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn
*** Tâi-lô: hùn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$fen
*** MiniDict: fen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$fen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fən³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjunH
Rime :
| Character | 奮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方問切 |
| Baxter | pjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(Cə.)pə[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 奮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjun$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*(Cə.)pə[r]-s/ (W dialect) |
| English | spread wings and fly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 奮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3196 |
| Phonetic component | 奮 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 糞 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯns/ |

### Definitions

奮
* (of bird) to spread and flutter the wings
* to shake; to vibrate
* to wield; to wave
* to dash ahead; to put to good use
* to strive; to exert effort
* to arouse; to stimulate
* a surname

### Compounds

* 亢奮 / 亢奋 (kàngfèn)
* 勤奮 / 勤奋 (qínfèn)
* 告奮勇 / 告奋勇
* 奮不顧身 / 奋不顾身 (fènbùgùshēn)
* 奮力 / 奋力 (fènlì)
* 奮勉 / 奋勉 (fènmiǎn)
* 奮勇 / 奋勇 (fènyǒng)
* 奮勇爭先 / 奋勇争先
* 奮勇當先 / 奋勇当先
* 奮勵 / 奋励
* 奮威 / 奋威 (fènwēi)
* 奮志 / 奋志 (fènzhì)
* 奮戰 / 奋战 (fènzhàn)
* 奮擊 / 奋击
* 奮武揚威 / 奋武扬威
* 奮激 / 奋激 (fènjī)
* 奮然 / 奋然 (fènrán)
* 奮發 / 奋发 (fènfā)
* 奮發向上 / 奋发向上
* 奮發圖強 / 奋发图强 (fènfātúqiáng)
* 奮發有為 / 奋发有为
* 奮發自強 / 奋发自强
* 奮發蹈厲 / 奋发蹈厉
* 奮矜 / 奋矜
* 奮筆疾書 / 奋笔疾书
* 奮翅 / 奋翅
* 奮臂 / 奋臂
* 奮袂攘襟 / 奋袂攘襟
* 奮袂而起 / 奋袂而起
* 奮起 / 奋起 (fènqǐ)
* 奮起直追 / 奋起直追
* 奮身 / 奋身
* 奮身獨步 / 奋身独步
* 奮辭 / 奋辞
* 奮進 / 奋进 (fènjìn)
* 奮逸響 / 奋逸响
* 奮飛 / 奋飞
* 奮鬥 / 奋斗 (fèndòu)
* 奮鬥不懈 / 奋斗不懈
* 孤軍奮戰 / 孤军奋战 (gūjūnfènzhàn)
* 感奮 / 感奋 (gǎnfèn)
* 愈挫愈奮 / 愈挫愈奋
* 振奮 / 振奋 (zhènfèn)
* 振奮人心 / 振奋人心 (zhènfènrénxīn)
* 振鱗奮翼 / 振鳞奋翼
* 揚眉奮髯 / 扬眉奋髯
* 浴血奮戰 / 浴血奋战
* 激奮 / 激奋 (jīfèn)
* 猛奮 / 猛奋
* 自告奮勇 / 自告奋勇 (zìgàofènyǒng)
* 興奮 / 兴奋 (xīngfèn)
* 興奮劑 / 兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì)
* 艱苦奮鬥 / 艰苦奋斗 (jiānkǔfèndòu)
* 貫頤奮戟 / 贯颐奋戟
* 蹈厲奮發 / 蹈厉奋发
* 韜光俟奮 / 韬光俟奋

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* agitation
* rouse

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふるう (furuu, 奮う, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 奮(ふん)闘(とう) (funtō): tough struggle
* 奮(ふん)発(ぱつ) (funpatsu): splurge

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 奮 (MC pjunH).

### Hanja

奮 (eumhun 떨칠 분 (tteolchil bun))
* hanja form of 분 (“strive, exert effort”)
* hanja form of 분 (“arouse”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

奮: Hán Nôm readings: phấn
* chữ Hán form of phấn (“to agitate; to shake; to arouse; impetuous”).

#### Compounds

* 奮激 (phấn khích)
* 奮發 (phấn phát)
* 奮起 (phấn khởi)
* 奮鬥 (phấn đấu)
* 興奮 (hưng phấn)

### References

* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).