# fuar
## English
### Noun

fuar (plural fuars)
* Alternative form of feuar

### Anagrams

* Rauf, Urfa, frau

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish úar, from Proto-Celtic *ougros (compare Welsh oer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The initial f- of Modern Irish comes from a misinterpretation of uar as fhuar in lenition environments.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fˠuəɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /fˠuəɾˠ/, [fˠɪəɾˠ]; /fˠiːɾˠ/

### Adjective

fuar (genitive singular masculine fuair, genitive singular feminine fuaire, plural fuara, comparative fuaire)
* cold

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* adhfhuar (“very cold”, adjective)
* fuaránta
* fuarbhruite
* fuarchúis

#### Related terms

* fuacht (“coldness”)
* fuarán (“spring”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 úar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 117
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 168, page 63
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 67, page 29

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fuar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɸu.ər/, [ˈɸu.ar]

### Noun

fuär n (genitive unattested)
* verbal noun of fo·fera: provision, preparation
** c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 48
    .i. trisin fuarinbudcaid .i. tri Iohain. Fo·ruar inna inbotha .i. do·rigni tochmarc inna ecailse do Chríst.i.e. through the bridesman [lit. preparation-of-marriage-(person)], i.e. through John. [John] had prepared the nuptials i.e. he had wooed the Church for Christ.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 81$^c$2
    a fuar inna mbiad [⁊]rlthe preparation of foods etc.

#### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^L$, *fúra |
| Vocative | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^L$, *fúra |
| Accusative | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^N$ | fuar$^L$, *fúra |
| Genitive | fuair$^L$ | fuar | fuar$^N$ |
| Dative | fuar$^L$ | fuaraib | fuaraib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: fúr m
** Irish: fúr

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish úar, from Proto-Celtic *ougros (compare Welsh oer), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The initial f- of Scottish Gaelic comes from a misinterpretation of uar as fhuar in lenition environments.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuəɾ/

### Adjective

fuar (comparative fhuaire)
* cold, chilly, bleak, frigid, sober, stingy
* stinging

#### Derived terms

* cho fuar ris a' phuinnsean
* craobhaidh fuar
* fuar-bhodradh
* fuar-chasach
* fuar-chràbhaiche
* fuar-chrapadh
* fuar-chridheach
* fuar-fhead
* fuar-ghreann
* fuar-làrach
* fuar-leabadh
* fuar-léine
* fuar-lorg
* fuar-mharbh
* fuar-mharbh
* fuarachas
* fuaragan
* fuaraich

#### Related terms

* fuaran

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “fuar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 úar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French foire, 1930s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fuɑ̯ɾ/

### Noun

fuar (definite accusative fuarı, plural fuarlar)
* fair, exposition

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “fuar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN