# 生存
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēngcún
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄘㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sang$^1$ cyun$^4$ / saang$^1$ cyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên-chhùn / sên-sùn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng-chûn / seng-chûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sên$^1$ cung$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sen-zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēngcún
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄘㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shengcún
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$-tsʻun$^2$
*** Yale: shēng-tswún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengtswen
*** Palladius: шэнцунь (šɛncunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sang$^1$ cyun$^4$ / saang$^1$ cyun$^4$
*** Yale: sāng chyùhn / sāang chyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sang$^1$ tsyn$^4$ / saang$^1$ tsyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seng$^1$ qun$^4$ / sang$^1$ qun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/, /saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-chhùn / sên-sùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sen$^ˊ$ cun$^ˇ$ / sen$^ˊ$ sun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sen$^1$ cun$^2$ / sen$^1$ sun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴ t͡sʰun¹¹/, /sen²⁴ sun¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-chûn
*** Tâi-lô: sng-tsûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngzuun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ t͡sun²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-chûn
*** Tâi-lô: sing-tsûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengzuun
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sên$^1$ cung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ tshûng
*** Sinological IPA : /sẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sen-zen
*** MiniDict: sen$^平$ zen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sen-zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ zən²¹/

### Verb

生存
* to live; to exist; to subsist; to survive
    生存條件／生存条件 ― shēngcún tiáojiàn ― conditions of existence

#### Synonyms

* 在世 (zàishì)
* 在生 (zàishēng)
* 存活 (cúnhuó)
* 活著 / 活着 (huózhe)
* 生息 (shēngxī)

#### Derived terms

* 夾縫中求生存 / 夹缝中求生存 (jiāfèng zhōng qiú shēngcún)
* 生存空間 / 生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
* 生存競爭 / 生存竞争
* 適者生存 / 适者生存 (shìzhě shēngcún)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 存 |
| せい Grade: 1 | ぞん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [se̞ːzõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

生(せい)存(ぞん) • (seizon)
* living, life

#### Usage notes

生存 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "action involved in staying alive, as in 'signs of life'". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:
* 生活 (seikatsu, “life”): Day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines.
* 命 (inochi, “life”): The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
* 生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
* 存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
* 人生 (jinsei, “life”): A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
* 寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
* 残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
* 元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.

### Verb

生(せい)存(ぞん)する • (seizon suru) intransitive suru (stem 生(せい)存(ぞん)し (seizon shi), past 生(せい)存(ぞん)した (seizon shita))
* live, exist

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 生存し | せいぞんし | seizon shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 生存し | せいぞんし | seizon shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 生存する | せいぞんする | seizon suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 生存する | せいぞんする | seizon suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 生存すれ | せいぞんすれ | seizon sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 生存せよ¹ 生存しろ² | せいぞんせよ¹ せいぞんしろ² | seizon seyo¹ seizon shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 生存される | せいぞんされる | seizon sareru |
| Causative | 生存させる 生存さす | せいぞんさせる せいぞんさす | seizon saseru seizon sasu |
| Potential | 生存できる | せいぞんできる | seizon dekiru |
| Volitional | 生存しよう | せいぞんしよう | seizon shiyō |
| Negative | 生存しない | せいぞんしない | seizon shinai |
| Negative continuative | 生存せず | せいぞんせず | seizon sezu |
| Formal | 生存します | せいぞんします | seizon shimasu |
| Perfective | 生存した | せいぞんした | seizon shita |
| Conjunctive | 生存して | せいぞんして | seizon shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 生存すれば | せいぞんすれば | seizon sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Derived terms

* 生(せい)存(ぞん)者(しゃ) (seizonsha, “survivor”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 生 | 存 |

### Noun

生存 • (saengjon) (hangeul 생존)
* hanja form of 생존 (“survival”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 生 | 存 |

### Verb

生存
* chữ Hán form of sinh tồn (“to survive”).