# 筋骨
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^1$ gwat$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kîn-kut
    (Hailu, HRS): gin$^ˋ$ gud
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kun-kut / kin-kut
* Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): $^1$cin-kueq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: jīn-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinguu
*** Palladius: цзиньгу (czinʹgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$今古 筋骨 金鼓
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^1$ gwat$^1$
*** Yale: gān gwāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^1$ gwat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^1$ gued$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn⁵⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-kut
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$ gud$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$ gud$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ kut̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˋ$ gud
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁵³ kut⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun-kut
*** Tâi-lô: kun-kut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kunkud
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³ kut̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin-kut
*** Tâi-lô: kin-kut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kinkud
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁴⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴⁴⁻³³ kut̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cin-kueq$_7$
*** MiniDict: cin$^平$ kueh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕin⁴⁴ kuəʔ/
* Middle Chinese: kj+n kwot
Rime :
| Character | 筋 | 骨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 舉欣切 | 古忽切 |
| Baxter | kj+n | kwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨn/ | /kuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨn/ | /kuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiən/ | /kuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨn/ | /kwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiən/ | /kuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭən/ | /kuət̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ən/ | /kuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^1$ | gwat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[k]ə[n] kˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯn kuːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 筋 | 骨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjɨn › | ‹ kwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[k]ə[n]/ | /*kˁut/ |
| English | sinew | bone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 筋 | 骨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6727 | 4321 |
| Phonetic component | 筋 | 骨 |
| Rime group | 文 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斤 | 骨 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯn/ | /*kuːd/ |
| Notes | 俗作䈥 | 冎亦聲 |

### Noun

筋骨
* (literary) muscles and bones
* (figurative) physique; body
* (figurative) strength; energy; courage

#### Synonyms

* (muscles and bones): (Hokkien) 筋節／筋节

#### Derived terms

* 筋骨昂然
* 舒活筋骨 (shūhuójīngǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 筋 | 骨 |
| きん Grade: 6 | こつ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんこつ [kíꜜǹkòtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩŋko̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

筋(きん)骨(こつ) • (kinkotsu)
* muscles and bones
* physique
* strength

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN