# κράμβη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Usually connected with κράμβος (krámbos, “dry; blight in grapes, when they shrivel”), assuming that the plant was named after its shrunken leaves, but this is rejected by Beekes, who leaves the origin open.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krám.bɛː/ → /ˈkram.bi/ → /ˈkram.bi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /krám.bɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkram.be̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkram.bi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkram.bi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkram.bi/

### Noun

κρᾰ́μβη • (krắmbē) f (genitive κρᾰ́μβης); first declension
* cabbage
    Synonym: ῥάφανος (rháphanos)
    μὰ τὴν κράμβην ― mà tḕn krámbēn ― by the cabbage! (μά + accusative: comic oath)

#### Derived terms

* θᾰλᾰσσοκρᾰ́μβη (thălăssokrắmbē)
* κραμβήεις (krambḗeis)
* κραμβίδιον (krambídion)
* κραμβίον (krambíon)
* κραμβίς (krambís)
* κραμβίτας (krambítas)
* κραμβοκέφαλος (kramboképhalos)
* κραμβοσπᾰ́ρᾰγον (krambospắrăgon)
* κραμβοφᾰ́γος (krambophắgos)
* κυνοκράμβη (kunokrámbē)

#### Descendants

* Greek:
    Byzantine Greek: κράμβη (krámbē), Byzantine Greek: κράμπη (krámpē)
    Modern Greek: κράμβη (krámvi)
* → Arabic: كُرُنْب (kurunb)
** Hijazi Arabic: كرنب (kurunb)
* → Aramaic:
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כְּרַנְבִּי (kranbī)
* → Classical Syriac: ܟܪܒܐ (kərāḇā)
* → Coptic: ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲏ (grampē), ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲉ (grampe), ⲕⲣⲁⲙⲡⲏ (krampē)
* → Latin: crambē
* → Middle Iranian: *karamb, *kalamb
** Persian: کلم (kalam), کرم (karam), کرنب (karamb)
*** Tajik: карам (karam), калам (kalam)
*** → Azerbaijani: kələm
*** → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: kelem
    Central Kurdish: کەلەرم (kelerm)
*** → Kyrgyz: керем (kerem)
*** → Ottoman Turkish: كلم (kelem)
**** Turkish: kelem
*** → Uzbek: karam
** → Old Armenian: կաղամբ (kałamb)
*** Middle Armenian: կաղամբ (kaġamb), կաղամպ (kaġamp), կաղանբ (kaġanb), կաղամբոս (kaġambos)
*** → Armenian: կաղամբ (kaġamb)
*** → Lezgi: клампӏ (klamṗ), гилампӏ (gilamṗ, “turnip, radish”)
*** → Old Georgian: კალნაბი (ḳalnabi)
**** Georgian: კალნაბი (ḳalnabi)
*** → Udi: кӏаламб (ḳalamb)
* ⇒ Ancient Greek: κραμβίδιον (krambídion, diminutive)
** → Arabic: قَرْنَبِيط (qarnabīṭ) (see there for further descendants)
** → Coptic: ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲡⲓⲧ (grampit)
* ⇒ Ancient Greek: κραμβίον (krambíon) ("decoction of κράμβη")
** Byzantine Greek: κραμβίν (krambín), κραμπί(ν), κραμπίον

### References

* ↑ Boisacq, Émile (1916) “κράμβος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 507–508
* 1 2 3 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κράμβη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 769
* 1 2 Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 531
* ↑ Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 672
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 162
* ↑ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 221
* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 256
* ↑ Bartholomae, Christian, Salemann, Carl, Horn, Paul, Geiger, Wilhelm, Socin, Albert (1895–1901) Geiger, Wilhelm, Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part II, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 59
* ↑ κραμβίν - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)

### Further reading

* “κράμβη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* κράμβη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, “cabbage”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkraɱ.vi/
* Hyphenation: κράμ‧βη

### Noun

κράμβη • (krámvi) f (plural κράμβες)
* turnip
* (botany, horticulture) brassica, the cabbage family
    Synonym: βράσκη f (vráski)

#### Coordinate terms

* λάχανο n (láchano, “cabbage”)

### See also

* ανθοκράμβη f (anthokrámvi, “cauliflower”) (formal synonym of κουνουπίδι (kounoupídi))
* γουλί(ν) n (goulí(n), “stalk of cabbage”) (mediaeval)
* ελαιοκράμβη f (elaiokrámvi, “rapeseed”)
* κραμβέλαιο n (kramvélaio, “canola oil”)
* ρέβα f (réva, “turnip”) (vernacular)