# chamar
## English
### Alternative forms

* chamaar, choomar, chumar

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi चमार (camār).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /tʃəˈmɑː/

### Noun

chamar (plural chamars)
* A member of a tribe who works in leather and agriculture; a tanner or leather-worker.
** 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Sending of Dana Da”, in In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, page 419:It is not strictly a native patent, though chamars of the skin and hide castes can, if irritated, despatch a Sending which sits on the breast of their enemy by night and nearly kills him.

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chamar, from Latin clāmāre (“to cry out”). Compare Portuguese chamar and Spanish llamar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃaˈmaɾ/

### Verb

chamar (first-person singular present chamo, first-person singular preterite chamei, past participle chamado)
* to call; to refer to (by name)
    Chámome Alejandro e nacín en 1953 ― "I am called Alejandro and was born in 1953"
* (transitive) to call, summon
    Quen chama? ― "Who's calling?"
* (intransitive) to call, summon [with por ‘someone’]
** 2016, Malandrómeda, Chegar e encher [song]:
    Cando voltei, cheguei e enchín, choran os problemas e chaman por min; non sei moi ben se hoxe vou ser quen de pasar de lado como se non fora comigoWhen I came back, and pulled it off at the first attempt [veni, vidi, vici] the troubles cry and call me; I'm not sure if today I'll be capable of passing by as if that's not me
    Chama por ela ― "Call her"
* to invoke
    Synonym: invocar
* (transitive) to goad; to steer, guide (the cattle, a yoke)
    Synonym: afalar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* rechamar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “chamar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “chamar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chamar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chamar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chamar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin clāmāre (“to cry out”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa.ˈmaɾ/
* Rhymes: -aɾ

### Verb

chamar
* to call; to refer to (by name)
* to call, to name, to denominate
* (pronominal) to be called (to have a specific name)

#### Related terms

* chamado

#### Descendants

* Galician: chamar
* Portuguese: chamar (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "chamar"

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chamar, from Latin clamāre (“to cry out”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”). Doublet of clamar, a learned borrowing. Cognate with Galician chamar and Spanish llamar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʃaˈma(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐˈmaɾ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /t͡ʃɐˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐˈma.ɾi/
* (Brazil Nordestino) IPA: /ʃɐ.ˈma(h)/, /ʃɐ̃.ˈma(h)/
* Hyphenation: cha‧mar
* Audio (Portugal, Oporto):(file)

### Verb

chamar (first-person singular present chamo, first-person singular preterite chamei, past participle chamado)
* (transitive) to call; to summon (to ask someone to come)
    Synonyms: clamar, invocar, convocar
    Há uma partida amanhã, chamem os seus/vossos amigos.There is a match tomorrow, call your friends.
* (transitive) to call, to name (to use as the name of) [with a ‘someone/something’, along with direct object or de ‘(as) something’; or with direct object ‘someone/something’ and de (+ object or adjective) ‘(as) something’]
    Os botânicos chamam àquele tipo de árvore (de) gimnosperma.Botanists call that type of tree a gymnosperm.
    chamar alguém de verdadeiro amigo ― to call someone a true friend
** Deus chamou à luz dia, e às trevas chamou noite.God called the light day, and the darkness He called night.
* (transitive, derogatory) to call, to label [with a ‘someone/something’, along with direct object or de ‘(as) something negative’; or with direct object ‘someone/something’ and de (+ object or adjective) ‘(as) something negative’]
    Eles o chamaram de idiota, de mentiroso.They called him an idiot, a liar.
    Chamaram-me feio na escola.They called me ugly at school.
* (pronominal, transitive) to be called (to have a specific name)
    Synonyms: nomear, denominar, designar
    Olá, chamo-me Pedro.Hi, I’m called Peter.
** 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “O conselheiro”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Objetiva, →ISBN, page 13:João riu muito quando a Heleninha contou que tinha um ursinho de estimação, sem o qual não saberia viver, e que ele se chamava Tedi.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* chamada
* chamado
* chamador
* chamamento
* chamarisco
* chamariz
* clamar
* clamor

#### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: tcama
* Macanese: chomâ

### Further reading

* “chamar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “chamar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025