OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# caddis
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkædɪs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

Unknown. See dialect forms caddew, caddy, cad-bait.

#### Noun

caddis (countable and uncountable, plural caddises)
* The larva of a caddis fly. They generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with debris.

##### Derived terms

* caddisworm

### Etymology 2

From Middle French cadis, from Old French cadaz, from Old Occitan, from Old Catalan cadirs, cadins.

#### Noun

caddis (countable and uncountable, plural caddises)
* A rough woolen cloth; caddice.
* A kind of worsted lace or ribbon.
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 293:Hee hath Ribbons of all the colours i’ th Rainebow; Points, more then all the Lawyers in Bohemia, can learnedly handle, though they come to him by th’ grosse: Inckles, Caddysses, Cambrickes, Lawnes:

### References

* “caddis”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
# obrázek
## Czech
### Etymology

From obraz +‎ -ek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈobraːzɛk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

obrázek m inan
* figure (drawing)
* illustration

#### Derived terms

* seznam obrázků m

### Further reading

* “obrázek”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “obrázek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “obrázek”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# vztlak
## Czech
### Etymology

vz- +‎ tlak

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfstlak]

### Noun

vztlak m inan
* buoyancy (the upward force on a body immersed or partly immersed in a fluid)

#### Derived terms

* vztlačit
* vztlakový

### Further reading

* “vztlak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vztlak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vztlak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# manchado
## Galician
### Participle

manchado (feminine manchada, masculine plural manchados, feminine plural manchadas)
* past participle of manchar

## Portuguese
### Participle

manchado (feminine manchada, masculine plural manchados, feminine plural manchadas)
* past participle of manchar

## Spanish
### Etymology

Past participle of manchar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /manˈt͡ʃado/ [mãnʲˈt͡ʃa.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: man‧cha‧do

### Adjective

manchado (feminine manchada, masculine plural manchados, feminine plural manchadas)
* spotted
* tainted

#### Derived terms

* búho manchado
* foca manchada
* playero manchado
* zorzal manchado

### Participle

manchado (feminine manchada, masculine plural manchados, feminine plural manchadas)
* past participle of manchar

### Further reading

* “manchado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# inconfutabile
## Italian
### Etymology

From in- +‎ confutabile.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.kon.fuˈta.bi.le/
* Rhymes: -abile
* Hyphenation: in‧con‧fu‧tà‧bi‧le

### Adjective

inconfutabile (plural inconfutabili)
* irrefutable, indisputable, incontrovertible
    Synonyms: inoppugnabile, irrefutabile
    Antonym: confutabile

#### Related terms

* confutare
* inconfutabilità
* inconfutabilmente

### Further reading

* inconfutabile in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* inconfutabile in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* inconfutabile in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* inconfutàbile in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* inconfutàbile in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# edestakaisin
## Finnish
### Etymology

edes +‎ takaisin

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈedesˌtɑkɑi̯sin/, [ˈe̞de̞s̠ˌtɑ̝kɑ̝i̯s̠in]
* Rhymes: -ɑkɑisin
* Hyphenation: edes‧takai‧sin

### Adverb

edestakaisin
* back and forth, to and fro
    liikkua edestakaisin ― to move back and forth; to reciprocate (to move back and forth between two extreme positions, such as a piston)

#### Synonyms

* eestaas

#### Derived terms

* edestakainen

### Further reading

* “edestakaisin”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# 在數
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhāi-siàu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhāi-siàu
*** Tâi-lô: tshāi-siàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaixsiaux
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai²²⁻²¹ siau²¹/

#### Verb

在⫽數 (verb-object)
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to keep accounts; to record transactions; to do bookkeeping

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 記賬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 記賬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 記賬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 記賬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 記賬, 入賬, 做賬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 入賬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 記賬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 記賬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 記數 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 記數 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 記數 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 記數 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 記數 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 記數 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 記數 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 做賬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 記賬 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 記數, 記賬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 記數 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 記數 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 記數, 在數 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 記數 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 記數 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 記數, 掛數, 掛賬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 做賬 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 做賬 |

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chāi-siàu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chāi-siàu
*** Tâi-lô: tsāi-siàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaixsiaux
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²²⁻²¹ siau²¹/

#### Verb

在數
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to take down; to write down
# štědrý
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ščedrý, from Proto-Slavic *ščedrъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃcɛdriː]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ště‧d‧rý

### Adjective

štědrý (comparative štědřejší, superlative nejštědřejší, adverb štědře)
* generous
    Antonym: lakomý

#### Derived terms

* štědrost f
* štědrovečerní
* Štědrý den m
* Štědrý večer m
* uštědřit

### Further reading

* “štědrý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “štědrý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “štědrý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# citric
## English
### Etymology

From citrus +‎ -ic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɪtɹɪk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

citric (not comparable)
* Of, pertaining to, or derived from, citrus fruit.
    Synonyms: citrous, citrus
** 2003, Toni Morrison, Love, Vintage (2016), page 82:An orange-scented road to Harbor was what Christine expected, because three times the aroma had accompanied her escapes. The first was on foot, the second by bus, and each time the orange trees lining the road marked her flight with a light citric perfume.

#### Derived terms

* citraconic
* citrate
* citric acid
* homocitric
* isocitric
* noncitric
* pyrocitric

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “citric, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Anagrams

* critic

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French citrique.

### Adjective

citric m or n (feminine singular citrică, masculine plural citrici, feminine and neuter plural citrice)
* citric
# železobeton
## Czech
### Etymology

železo +‎ beton

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒɛlɛzobɛton]

### Noun

železobeton m inan
* reinforced concrete, ferroconcrete

#### Derived terms

* železobetonový

### Further reading

* “železobeton”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “železobeton”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “železobeton”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# wrona
## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɔna]

### Noun

wrona
* genitive singular of wron
* accusative singular of wron
* nominative dual of wron

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvrɔ.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔna
* Syllabification: wro‧na
* Homophone: Wrona

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish wrona, from Proto-Slavic *vorna.

#### Noun

wrona f (diminutive wronka)
* hooded crow (Corvus cornix)
    Synonyms: (dialectal) gapa, wrona siwa

##### Derived terms

* ślepowron
* kiedy wejdziesz między wrony, musisz krakać jak i one

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

wrona
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of wrony

### Further reading

* wrona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wrona in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# letargo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /leˈtar.ɡo/
* Rhymes: -arɡo
* Hyphenation: le‧tàr‧go

### Noun

letargo m (plural letarghi)
* hibernation
* lethargy

### Anagrams

* gretola

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin lēthargus, from Ancient Greek λήθαργος (lḗthargos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /leˈtaɾɡo/ [leˈt̪aɾ.ɣ̞o]
* Rhymes: -aɾɡo
* Syllabification: le‧tar‧go

### Noun

letargo m (plural letargos)
* lethargy, tiredness

#### Derived terms

* aletargar

### Further reading

* “letargo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# codon
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkəʊdɒn/
* Hyphenation: co‧don

### Etymology 1

From Latin codon, from Ancient Greek κώδων (kṓdōn).

#### Noun

codon (plural codons)
* A handbell used for summoning monks.
* The "bell" or flaring mouth of a trumpet.

### Etymology 2

From code +‎ -on.

#### Noun

codon (plural codons)
* (biochemistry) A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or translation.

##### Hyponyms

* anticodon
* dicodon
* homocodon
* stop codon
* start codon
* tricodon
* initiation codon
* termination codon

##### Meronyms

* nucleotide

##### Derived terms

* intercodon
* intracodon
* multicodon

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ Walters, Henry Beauchamp. Church Bells of England, p. 3.
* ↑ Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Music, Vol. 2, p. 452.
* ↑ Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, Vol. II, p. 1086.

### Anagrams

* Condo, Condo., condo, no-doc

## French
### Etymology

From English.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.dɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ̃

### Noun

codon m (plural codons)
* (biochemistry) codon

### Anagrams

* condo

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κώδων (kṓdōn).

### Noun

cōdōn ? (genitive cōdōnis); third declension
* (Medieval Latin) codon: a handbell used for summoning monks.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

### References

* “codon”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “codon”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* “codon”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈkɔdɔn/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈkoːdɔn/, /ˈkɔdɔn/

### Verb

codon
* first-person plural preterite of codi
* third-person plural preterite of codi

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# Tulu
## English
### Etymology

From Tulu ತುಳು (tuḷu).

### Proper noun

Tulu
* A Dravidian language of India with fewer than two million speakers, known as Tuluvas.

#### Related terms

* Tulu Nadu

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Wiktionary's coverage of Tulu terms
* Ethnologue entry for Tulu, tcy ⁠
# sabotować
## Polish
### Etymology

From French saboter + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.bɔˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: sa‧bo‧to‧wać

### Verb

sabotować impf
* (transitive) to sabotage

#### Derived terms

* sabotowanie

#### Related terms

* sabotażowy
* sabotaż
* sabotażysta
* sabotażystka

### Further reading

* sabotować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# neřádstvo
## Czech
### Etymology

From neřád +‎ -stvo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛr̝aːtstvo]
* Hyphenation: ne‧řád‧stvo

### Noun

neřádstvo n
* disorder

#### Related terms

* neřád m

### Further reading

* “neřádstvo”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “neřádstvo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “neřádstvo”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# arseniuretted
## English
### Alternative forms

* arseniureted

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)ˌsɛnɪjʊˈɹɛtɪd/

### Adjective

arseniuretted (not comparable)
* (chemistry, archaic) Combined with arsenic.

#### Derived terms

* arseniuretted hydrogen

### References

* “arseniureted”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# pozorování
## Czech
### Etymology

From pozorovat +‎ -ní.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpozorovaːɲiː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pozorování n
* verbal noun of pozorovat
* sighting
* observation
* surveillance
    bližší pozorování ― close investigation

#### Related terms

* pozorovat

### Further reading

* “pozorování”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pozorování”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pozorování”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# pumu
## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* pummu m

### Etymology

From Latin pōmum (“fruit”), from Proto-Italic *poomos. Cognate with Italian pomo, French pomme, Ladin pom, Lombard pomm and others.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpu.mʊ/, [ˈpuːmʊ]
* Hyphenation: pù‧mu

### Noun

pumu m (plural puma)
* apple
* (dated) any fruit
* (by extension) Adam's apple
    Synonyms: pumu d'Adamu, gargarozzu
    M'aggruppau un manciari ntô pumu.Food got stuck in my Adam's apple.

#### Derived terms

* pumara
* pumazzu
* pumittu
* pumitu
* pumiḍḍu
* pummadoru
* pumuzzu

#### Related terms

* arancia
* banana
* ficu
* ficu d'Innia
* granati
* miluni
* musa
* nzalora
* nèspula
* piru

#### See also

* ammuccapassuluna
* manciaracina
* sucameli

## Swahili
### Etymology

From -pumua (“breathe”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

pumu class V (plural mapumu class VI)
* asthma, (or more generally) difficulty breathing
# Brötchen
## German
### Etymology

Brot (“bread”) +‎ -chen (“diminutive”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʁøːtçən/
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -øːtçən

### Noun

Brötchen n (strong, genitive Brötchens, plural Brötchen)
* a bun, bread roll
    Synonyms: Schrippe, Semmel, Weck
* (Austria) a small open sandwich
    Synonym: belegtes Brötchen

#### Hyponyms

* Fischbrötchen
* Frühstücksbrötchen
* Kaiserbrötchen
* Mettbrötchen
* Mohnbrötchen
* Semmelbrötchen
* Sesambrötchen
* Sonntagsbrötchen

#### Derived terms

* brötchenartig
* Brötchenbäcker
* Brötchenbäcker
* brötchenförmig
* Brötchenkorb
* Brötchentüte
* Brötchenverkäufer

### Further reading

* “Brötchen” in Duden online
* “Brötchen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# নচা
## Assamese
### Alternative forms

* নাচা (nasa) — Central Standard

### Etymology

* Assamese verb set
* নচ (nos)
* নচা (nosa)
* নচোৱা (nosüa)
* নচোওৱা (nosüüa)
From Sanskrit নৃত্যতি (nṛtyati). Cognate with Sylheti ꠘꠣꠌꠣ (nasa), Bengali নাচা (naca), Nepali नाच्नु (nācnu), Punjabi ਨੱਚਣਾ (naccaṇā), Hindustani नाचना (nācnā) / ناچنا (nācnā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔ.sa/

### Verb

নচা • (nosa) (transitive) (Eastern Standard)
* to dance
    লপুৱে নাচে। ― lopue nase. ― Lopu dances.

#### Related terms

* নাচ (nas)
* নাচোন (nasün)
# חרך
## Hebrew

* Root
* ח־ר־ך (kh-r-k)
* 1 term

### Noun

חָרָךְ • (charách) m (plural indefinite חֲרַכִּים) [pattern: קָטָל]
* crack

### Verb

חָרַךְ • (kharákh) (pa'al construction)
* to scorch, to singe

#### Conjugation

or

### References

* “חרך” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# Hanoverian
## English
### Etymology

From Hanover +‎ -ian.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪɹiən
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

Hanoverian (comparative more Hanoverian, superlative most Hanoverian)
* Of or from Hanover.
    the Hanoverian brown rat
* Of or from the House of Hanover, a German royal dynasty.

#### Derived terms

* Hanoverian rat

### Noun

Hanoverian (plural Hanoverians)
* Someone of or from Hanover.
* Someone from the House of Hanover.
* A supporter of the House of Hanover.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter II, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI:" […] I had rather be anything than a courtier, and a Presbyterian, and a Hanoverian too, as some people, I believe, are."
# redigovat
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɛdɪɡovat]

### Verb

redigovat
* to

#### Related terms

* redakce f
* redaktor m
# anionic
## English
### Etymology

From anion +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

anionic (comparative more anionic, superlative most anionic)
* Of or pertaining to an anion.
** 2015, Lenny H.E. Winkel et al., “Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review”, in Nutrients‎, volume 7, →DOI:Based on their acid dissociation constants (pKa), seleneous acid (H2SeO3) and selenic acid (H2SeO4) are anionic under common environmental conditions [48], e.g., as selenite (SeO32−) and selenate (SeO42−).
** 2015 August 20, Amrita Roy Choudhury et al., “Structural Model of the Bilitranslocase Transmembrane Domain Supported by NMR and FRET Data”, in PLoS ONE‎, volume 10, →DOI:Inspection of CD data reveals that, similar to previously reported data for megainin peptides [ 33 ], preference of α-helical conformation of TM2 and TM3 segments are different in anionic (SDS) and zwitterionic (DPC) media, reflecting the importance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the peptides and micelles.

#### Derived terms

* anionically
* anionic detergent
* anionicity
* catanionic
* dianionic
* monoanionic
* oxyanionic
* polyanionic
* tetraanionic
* trianionic

#### Translations
### Noun

anionic (plural anionics)
* (informal) an anionic detergent
# -ksi
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ksi, from Proto-Uralic *-kse. Related to Erzya -кс (-ks, translative suffix) and Moksha -кс (-ks, translative suffix).

#### Suffix

-ksi (with a possessive suffix -kse-)
* used to form the translative case
    hakata ananas murskaksi ― to beat a pineapple to pulp
* used to form the long first infinitive, with the meaning "in order to"; always used with a possessive suffix
    ostaakseen ― in order to buy

##### Usage notes

* Appended to the genitive singular stem.
* See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the translative case is used.

##### Alternative forms

* -ks (colloquial)
* -x (obsolete)
* -xi (obsolete)

##### Derived terms

* -ksua

### Etymology 2

Probably re-extracted from other words ending in -ksi.

#### Suffix

-ksi (slang)
* Forms nouns, chiefly from clippings.

##### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* kis
# trvalý
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtr̩valiː]

### Adjective

trvalý (comparative trvalejší, superlative nejtrvalejší, adverb trvale)
* permanent
    Antonym: dočasný

#### Derived terms

* trvalka f

#### Related terms

* trvale
* trvanlivost f

### Further reading

* “trvalý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “trvalý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “trvalý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# bodziec
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bodьcь. By surface analysis, bóść +‎ -iec. First attested in the 16th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔ.d͡ʑɛt͡s/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡ʑɛt͡s
* Syllabification: bo‧dziec

### Noun

bodziec m inan
* stimulus (anything that may have an impact or influence on a system)
    Synonyms: impuls, sygnał, podnieta
    bodziec bezwarunkowy ― unconditional stimulus
    bodziec warunkowy ― conditional stimulus
    bodziec progowy ― inadequate/subliminal stimulus
    bodziec podprogowy ― threshold/liminal stimulus
    bodziec dotykowy ― touch stimulus
    bodziec wzrokowy ― sight stimulus
    bodziec podniecający ― arousing stimulus
    bodziec seksualny ― sexual stimulus
    siła bodźca ― the strength of a stimulus
    reakcja na bodziec ― a reactionn to a stimulus
    odbierać bodźce ― to receive stimuli
* incentive
    Synonyms: impuls, natchnienie, zachęta
    silny bodziec ― a strong incentive
    bodziec motywacyjny ― a motivational incentive
    bodziec do działania ― incentive to act
    bodziec do pracy ― incentive to work
    bodziec do rozwoju ― incentive to development
* (obsolete) goad, spur
    Synonyms: ostroga, oścień

#### Derived terms

* antybodźcowy
* bodźcowy
* przeciwbodźcowy
* antybodźcowo
* bodźcowo
* przeciwbodźcowo
* antybodziec
* przeciwbodziec

#### Related terms

* bodiakowy
* bodliwy
* bodźcowy
* badyl
* bodiaczek
* bodiak
* bodziszkowate
* badać impf
* bodnąć pf
* bóść impf

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bodziec”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ bodziec in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* bodziec in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bodziec in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# snášet
## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsnaːʃɛt]
* Hyphenation: sná‧šet

### Verb

snášet impf (perfective snést)
* (transitive) to carry down, bring down
* (transitive) to endure, to tolerate
    To je bolest kterou nemohu snášet. ― That is a pain I can't bear.
* (transitive) to lay (eggs)
* (transitive) to heap up, pile up

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | snášet, snášeti | Active adjective | snášející |
| Verbal noun | snášení | Passive adjective | snášený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | snáším | snášíme | — | snášejme |
| 2nd person | snášíš | snášíte | snášej | snášejte |
| 3rd person | snáší | snášejí, snáší | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive snášet.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | snášel | snášeli | snášen | snášeni |
| masculine inanimate | snášel | snášely | snášen | snášeny |
| feminine | snášela | snášely | snášena | snášeny |
| neuter | snášelo | snášela | snášeno | snášena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | snášeje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | snášejíc | — |
| plural | snášejíce | — |

#### Derived terms

* snášenlivost
* snášenlivý

### References

* “snášeti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “snášeti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* snášet in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz