# كرمان
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Unknown. Cognate with Chuvash карман (karman) and Tatar кирмән (kirmän).

#### Noun

كرمان • (kerman or kirman) (definite accusative كرمانی (kermanı), plural كرمانلر (kermanlar))
* castle, fortress, stronghold, any fortified place built to withstand attack
    Synonyms: حصار (hisar), حصن (hısn), دز (diz), قسطل (kastel), قلعه (kalʼe)

##### Derived terms

* آق كرمان (ak kerman, “Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kermen

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “كرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 625
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kermen1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2561
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1021
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Castellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 158
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كرمان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3926
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كرمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1540

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Armenian քարման (kʻarman).

#### Noun

كرمان • (kerman or kirman) (definite accusative كرمانی (kermanı), plural كرمانلر (kermanlar))
* spindle, a rod used for spinning and then winding fibres, especially wool
    Synonyms: ایك (iğ), دوك (dük), مغزل (miğzel)

##### Derived terms

* كرمانی آلیویرمك (kermanı alıvermek, “to accomplish a task”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: kirmen, germane, germen, kerman, kermane, kermen, kirman, kırman, kırmen, kirmeni

#### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ման”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 249b
* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “كرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 625
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kirmen”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2685
* Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 782, page 155
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كرمان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1021
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كرمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1540

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian کرمان (kermân), from Middle Persian klmʾn (Kermān).

#### Proper noun

كرمان • (kirmân)
* Kerman (a province in Iran)
* Kerman (a city, the provincial capital of Kerman Province, Iran)

##### Derived terms

* كرمانی (kirmânî, “of or from Kerman”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: Kirman

#### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كرمان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3926
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كرمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1540