# 蒼

| 蒼 | U+84BC, &#33980; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84BC |
| ← 蒻 [U+84BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蒽 → [U+84BD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蒼 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿人戈口 (TOIR), four-corner 4460$_7$, composition ⿱艹倉)

#### Derived characters

* 濸 𡒝 𭟇 𭬝 𪼧 𦢁 𨮤 𩼺 𠠈 𩕹 𦾝

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1050, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31627
* Dae Jaweon: page 1512, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3266, character 10
* Unihan data for U+84BC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蒼 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāng (cang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cong$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhong / chhang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cang
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^1$
*** Yale: tsāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsang
*** Palladius: цан (can)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$
*** Yale: chōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong
*** Tâi-lô: tshong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhang
*** Tâi-lô: tshang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tshang
Rime :
| Character | 蒼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七岡切 |
| Baxter | tshang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蒼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | deep blue or green |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蒼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1126 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倉 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

蒼
* blue; green
* white; greyish white
* (Classical) abandoned granary
* (Classical) desolate
* (Classical) decay; decline; old age

#### Compounds

* 上蒼 / 上苍 (shàngcāng)
* 彼蒼 / 彼苍
* 擎蒼牽黃 / 擎苍牵黄
* 昊蒼 / 昊苍
* 暮色蒼茫 / 暮色苍茫
* 沒頭蒼蠅 / 没头苍蝇
* 滿心蒼涼 / 满心苍凉
* 無頭蒼蠅 / 无头苍蝇
* 白衣蒼狗 / 白衣苍狗 (báiyī-cānggǒu)
* 白雲蒼狗 / 白云苍狗 (báiyún-cānggǒu)
* 白髮蒼蒼 / 白发苍苍 (báifà cāngcāng)
* 白髮蒼顏 / 白发苍颜
* 皓首蒼顏 / 皓首苍颜
* 穹蒼 / 穹苍 (qióngcāng)
* 老蒼 / 老苍
* 老蒼頭 / 老苍头
* 莽蒼 / 莽苍
* 蒼勁 / 苍劲 (cāngjìng)
* 蒼吾讓兄 / 苍吾让兄
* 蒼天 / 苍天 (cāngtiān)
* 蒼峪 / 苍峪 (Cāngyù)
* 蒼朮 / 苍术 (cāngzhú)
* 蒼梧 / 苍梧 (Cāngwú)
* 蒼海 / 苍海 (cānghǎi)
* 蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 蒼生 / 苍生 (cāngshēng)
* 蒼白 / 苍白 (cāngbái)
* 蒼穹 / 苍穹 (cāngqióng)
* 蒼空 / 苍空 (cāngkōng)
* 蒼筤 / 苍筤
* 蒼翠 / 苍翠 (cāngcuì)
* 蒼老 / 苍老 (cānglǎo)
* 蒼耳 / 苍耳 (cāng'ěr)
* 蒼苔 / 苍苔
* 蒼茫 / 苍茫 (cāngmáng)
* 蒼莽 / 苍莽
* 蒼蒼 / 苍苍 (cāngcāng)
* 蒼蠅 / 苍蝇
* 蒼蠅拍子 / 苍蝇拍子
* 蒼蠅紙 / 苍蝇纸 (cāngyingzhǐ)
* 蒼蠅見血 / 苍蝇见血
* 蒼蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 苍蝇附骥尾而致千里 (cāngying fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
* 蒼霧 / 苍雾
* 蒼頡 / 苍颉 (Cāngjié)
* 蒼頭 / 苍头
* 蒼顏 / 苍颜 (cāngyán)
* 蒼髯 / 苍髯 (cāngrán)
* 蒼鬱 / 苍郁 (cāngyù)
* 蒼鳥 / 苍鸟
* 蒼鶻 / 苍鹘
* 蒼鷺 / 苍鹭 (cānglù)
* 蒼鷹 / 苍鹰 (cāngyīng)
* 蒼黃 / 苍黄 (cānghuáng)
* 蒼黃翻覆 / 苍黄翻覆
* 蒼龍 / 苍龙 (cānglóng)
* 面色蒼白 / 面色苍白 (miànsècāngbái)
* 飛蒼走黃 / 飞苍走黄

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎng (cang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^3$
*** Yale: tsǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaang
*** Palladius: цан (can)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^2$
*** Yale: chóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshangX
Rime :
| Character | 蒼 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 麁朗切 |
| Baxter | tshangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蒼 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1131 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒼 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

蒼
* Used in 蒼莽／苍莽 (cǎngmǎng, “boundless”).

### Further reading

* “蒼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* blue
* green

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: あお (ao, 蒼)、あおい (aoi, 蒼い)
* Nanori: しげる (shigeru)

#### Compounds

* 蒼(そう)牙(が) (sōga)
* 蒼(そう)海(かい) (sōkai)
* 蒼(そう)渇(かつ) (sōkatsu)
* 蒼(そう)顔(がん) (sōgan)
* 蒼(そう)頡(けつ) (sōketsu)
* 蒼(そう)古(こ) (sōko)
* 蒼(そう)梧(ご) (sōgo)
* 蒼(そう)庚(こう) (sōkō)
* 蒼(そう)黄(こう) (sōkō)
* 蒼(そう)惶(こう) (sōkō) (倉(そう)皇(こう))
* 蒼(そう)山(ざん) (sōzan)
* 蒼(そう)朮(じゅつ) (sōjutsu)
* 蒼(そう)潤(じゅん) (sōjun)
* 蒼(そう)生(せい) (sōsei)
* 蒼(そう)然(ぜん) (sōzen)
* 蒼(そう)蒼(そう) (sōsō)
* 蒼(そう)卒(そつ) (sōsotsu) (倉(そう)卒(そつ))
* 蒼(そう)帝(てい) (sōtei)
* 蒼(そう)天(てん) (sōten)
* 蒼(そう)頭(とう) (sōtō)
* 蒼(そう)白(はく) (sōhaku)
* 蒼(そう)髪(はつ) (sōhatsu)
* 蒼(そう)旻(びん) (sōbin)
* 蒼(そう)蕪(ぶ) (sōbu)
* 蒼(そう)茫(ぼう) (sōbō)
* 蒼(そう)莽(ぼう) (sōbō)
* 蒼(そう)莽(もう) (sōmō)
* 蒼(そう)蠅(よう) (sōyō)
* 蒼(そう)鷹(よう) (sōyō)
* 蒼(そう)竜(りゅう) (sōryū)
* 蒼(そう)老(ろう) (sōrō)
* 蒼(そう)浪(ろう) (sōrō)
* 鬱(うっ)蒼(そう) (ussō)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [창]

### Hanja

Wikisource 蒼 (eumhun 푸를 창 (pureul chang))
* green
* blue
* to grow thick

#### Compounds

* 울창 (鬱蒼, ulchang)
* 창고 (蒼古, changgo)
* 창룡 (蒼龍, changnyong)
* 창망 (蒼茫, changmang)
* 창백 (蒼白, changbaek)
* 창생 (蒼生, changsaeng)
* 창승 (蒼蠅, changseung)
* 창안 (蒼顏, chang'an)
* 창연 (蒼然, chang'yeon)
* 창윤 (蒼潤, chang'yun)
* 창창 (蒼蒼, changchang)
* 창천 (蒼天, changcheon)
* 창출 (蒼朮, changchul)
* 창해 (蒼海, changhae)
* 창황 (蒼黃, changhwang)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蒼: Hán Nôm readings: thương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.