# मुद्ग
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá). Doublet of मूँग (mūṅg).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mʊd̪.ɡᵊ/

### Noun

मुद्ग • (mudga) m
* (rare, formal) a cover, covering, lid
* the mung bean (Vigna radiata)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Platts, John T. (1884) “मुद्ग”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মুদ্গ (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬕ (Balinese script)
* মুদ্গ (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
* မုဒ္ဂ (Burmese script)
* મુદ્ગ (Gujarati script)
* ਮੁਦ੍ਗ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌗 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦸꦢ꧀ꦒ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂏 (Kaithi script)
* ಮುದ್ಗ (Kannada script)
* មុទ្គ (Khmer script)
* ມຸທ຺ຄ (Lao script)
* മുദ്ഗ (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡠᡩᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘐 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠤᢑᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐐 (Newa script)
* ମୁଦ୍ଗ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆓 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖐 (Siddham script)
* මුද‍්ග (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩞 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚌 (Takri script)
* முத்³க³ (Tamil script)
* ముద్గ (Telugu script)
* มุทฺค (Thai script)
* མུ་དྒ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mud.ɡɐ́/, [mud̚.ɡɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmud̪.ɡɐ/, [ˈmud̪̚.ɡɐ]

### Etymology 1

Unknown.
* Petersson claims derivation from Proto-Indo-European via *muzgá, connecting this term and Sanskrit मुद्गर (mudgara, “hammer”) to Slavic, whence Old Czech možditi (“to smash”), Czech hmožditi, Russian можжи́ть (možžítʹ), мозжи́ть (mozžítʹ, “to beat, pound”), etc. ultimately a verbal derivation from Proto-Slavic *mozgь.
* Burrow agrees that *muzgá is the original form, but relates the term to Sanskrit मसूर (masūra, “lentil”) and derives both from Dravidian; cf. Tamil முதிரை (mutirai, “pulse”).
* The Uṇādisūtras (1.127) claim derivation from the root मुद् (mud, “rejoice, be happy”), but this is etymologically unjustified.
Compare मुद्गष्ठ (mudgaṣṭha, “kind of bean”), मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”), Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “Pisum sativum”).

#### Noun

मु॒द्ग • (mudgá) stem, m
* the mung bean (Vigna radiata)
** c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)

##### Derived terms

* मुद्गौदन (mudgaudana)

##### Descendants

* Pali: mugga
* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga) (see there for further descendants)

###### Borrowed terms

* → Hindi: मुद्ग (mudg) (learned)

### Etymology 2

Probably extracted from समुद्ग (samudga, “round box”).

#### Noun

मुद्ग • (mudga) stem, m
* a cover, covering, lid

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 284
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “mudgáḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 653
* ↑ Burrow, T[homas] (1948) “Dravidian Studies VII: Further Dravidian words in Sanskrit”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London‎, volume 12, number 2, page 391 of 365–396
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mudgá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 588
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “samudga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 764

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “मुद्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 822.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मुद्ग”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan