OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# लङ्घयति
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From the root लङ्घ् (laṅgh)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /lɐŋ.ɡʱɐ́.jɐ.ti/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈl̪ɐŋ.ɡʱɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

### Verb

लङ्घयति • (laṅghayati) third-singular indicative
* To leap over, cross, traverse
* To mount, ascend, tread upon, enter
* To overstep, transgress, violate, neglect
* To get over, avoid, shun, escape from
* To remove, transport
* To cause to forego sustenance; to fast

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Dameli: [script needed] (nag-, “to fall down”)
** Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (naṅgi-)
** Kashmiri: لڠگھییت (laṅghēīta, “to have passed on”)
** Khowar: لنگک (laṅgik, “to move, shake, sway”)
** Phalura: [script needed] (laṅg-, “to pass, cross, swim, bathe”)
** Shina: لڠوک (lΛṅoiki, “to pass over, step over; to dismiss, see off”), لڠیجوک (laṅīǰoiki, “to die”)
** Torwali: [script needed] (laṅg-, “to pass, cross”)
* Prakrit: 𑀮𑀗𑁆𑀖𑁂𑀢𑀺 (laṅgheti)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Bengali: লাঙ্ঘা (laṅgha, “to transgress”)
**** Odia: ନଙ୍ଘିବା (naṅghibā, “to cross, transgress”)
** Western:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Punjabi:
***** Gurmukhi script: ਲੰਘਣਾ (laṅghṇā)
***** Shahmukhi script: لَن٘گْھݨا (laṉghṇā)
**** Sindhi:
***** Arabic script: لَڱگهَڻُ (laṅghaṇu)
***** Devanagari script: लङ्घणु (laṅghaṇu)
** Northern:
*** Garhwali: लाँघणुँ (lāṅghṇũ)
*** Kumaoni: नाँग्ङो (nā̃gṇo, “to leap over, cross”)
*** Nepali: नाँघ्नु (nā̃ghnu), नाङ्नु (nāṅnu)
** Central
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: नांघब (nāṅghab, “to cross”)
**** Gujarati: લાંઘવું (lā̃ghvũ, “to fast”)
**** Hindustani:
***** Hindi: लाँघना (lāṅghnā)
***** Urdu: لان٘گھنا (lāṉghnā)
** Southern:
*** Elu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ނަގަނީ (naganī)
**** Sinhalese: නගිනවා (naginawā), නගනවා (naganawā)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: लांघणें (lāṅghṇẽ, “to pass by, grow weak from fasting”)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “langhayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 631
# αὐτόματον
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /au̯.tó.ma.ton/ → /aɸˈto.ma.ton/ → /afˈto.ma.ton/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /au̯.tó.ma.ton/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aʍˈto.ma.ton/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aɸˈto.ma.ton/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /afˈto.ma.ton/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /afˈto.ma.ton/

### Adjective

αὐτόμᾰτον • (autómăton)
* inflection of αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos):
** neuter nominative/vocative singular
** masculine/neuter/masculine/feminine accusative singular

### Noun

αὐτόμᾰτον • (autómăton) n (genitive αὐτομᾰ́του); second declension
* accident, mere chance

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: automat
* → Czech: automat
* → Danish: automat
* → Dutch: automaat, automaton (obsolete), automatum (obsolete)
** → Indonesian: otomat
** → Papiamentu: outomat
* → English: automaton
* → Esperanto: aŭtomato
* → Finnish: automaatti
* → French: automate
** → Russian: автома́т (avtomát)
** → Turkish: otomat
* → Georgian: ავტომატი (avṭomaṭi)
* → German: Automat
** → English: automat
** → Polish: automat
** → Yiddish: אויטאָמאַט (oytomat)
* → Greek: αυτόματο (aftómato) (learned)
* → Italian: automato
* → Latin: automaton, automatum
* → Norwegian Bokmål: automat
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: automat
* → Polish: automat
* → Portuguese: autômato, autómato
* → Romanian: automat
* → Serbo-Croatian: automat
* → Swedish: automat
# घट
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡʱəʈ/, [ɡʱɐʈ]

### Verb

घट • (ghaṭ)
* inflection of घटना (ghaṭnā):
** stem
** second-person singular intimate present imperative

## Konkani
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡʱəʈ]

### Adjective

घट • (ghaṭ) (Latin script ghott, Kannada script ಘಟ್)
* (not inflected) hard, tough, tight

## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From घट् (ghaṭ)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡʱɐ.ʈɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɡʱɐ.ʈɐ/
* Hyphenation: घ‧ट

### Noun

घट • (ghaṭa) stem, m (feminine घटी)
* pot

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: گَڈَ (gaḍa)
* Pali: ghaṭa
* Prakrit: 𑀖𑀟 (ghaḍa)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: ghaṛā
***** Hindi: घड़ा
***** Urdu: گھَڑَا (ghaṛā)
****** → Bihari: घड़ा (ghaṛā)
****** → Nepali: घडा (ghaḍā)
**** Romani: khoro
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: ঘড়া (ghora)
**** Bengali: ঘড়া (ghoṛa)
**** Odia: ଘଡ଼ା (ghaṛā)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Garhwali: घड़ो (ghaṛo), घड़ु (ghaṛu)
***** Kumaoni: घड़ (ghaṛ)
**** Western Pahari:
***** Bhadrawahi: घड़ा (ghaṛā), घड़ो (ghaṛo)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Punjabi: ghaṛā
    Gurmukhi script: ਘੜਾ
    Shahmukhi script: گھَڑَا
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: ghaṛo
    Arabic script: گھَڙو
    Devanagari script: घड़ो
****** Jadgali: [script needed] (ghaṛā)
** Southern:
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: घडा (ghaḍā)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: ઘડો (ghaḍo), ઘડું (ghaḍũ)
** Prakrit: *𑀖𑀟~𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*ghaḍa~ulla)
*** Central:
**** Sauraseni Prakrit:
***** Hindustani: ghaṛolā
****** Hindi: घड़ोला
****** Urdu: گھَڑولَا (ghaṛolā)
*** Northern:
**** Khasa Prakrit:
***** Western Pahari:
****** Bhadrawahi: घड़ोली (ghaṛolī)
*** Northwestern:
**** Paisaci Prakrit:
***** Takka Apabhramsa:
****** Lahnda: گھڑولی (ghaṛolī)
** Prakrit: *𑀖𑀟~𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*ghaḍa~illa)
*** Eastern Pahari:
**** Magadhi Prakrit:
***** Bihari: घरिल (gharil)
*** Northwestern:
**** Khasa Prakrit:
***** Western Pahari:
****** Bhadrawahi: घड़ेलड़ु (ghaṛelṛu)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghata”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 237
# शाटी
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শাটী (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬵᬝᬷ (Balinese script)
* শাটী (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰯𑰘𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀸𑀝𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* ၐာဋီ (Burmese script)
* શાટી (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਾਟੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌾𑌟𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦴꦛꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂰𑂗𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಾಟೀ (Kannada script)
* ឝាដី (Khmer script)
* ຨາຏີ (Lao script)
* ശാടീ (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢞᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘰𑘘𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠠᢗᢌᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧑𑦸𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐵𑐚𑐷 (Newa script)
* ଶାଟୀ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢵꢜꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆳𑆛𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖯𑖘𑖱 (Siddham script)
* ශාටී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩛𑩦𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚭𑚔𑚯 (Takri script)
* ஶாடீ (Tamil script)
* శాటీ (Telugu script)
* ศาฏี (Thai script)
* ཤཱ་ཊཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒰𑒙𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨊𑨔𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

The origin is uncertain. Often thought to be borrowed from Dravidian. However, Burrow prefers to connect this to Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), via an intermediate form *शाल्त् (śālt). Compare Persian شال (šâl).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɑː.ʈiː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕɑː.ʈiː/
* Hyphenation: शा‧टी

### Noun

शाटी • (śāṭī) stem, f (masculine शाट)
* a strip of cloth

#### Descendants

* Pali: sāṭi
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀟𑀻 (sāḍī)
** Central:
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: सारी (sārī)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: sāṛī, sāṛhī
***** Hindi: साड़ी, साढ़ी
***** Urdu: سَاڑِی (sāṛī), سَاڑھِی (sāṛhī)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: শাৰী (xari)
**** Bengali: শাড়ি (śaṛi)
**** Bihari: सारी (sārī), सरिया (sariyā)
***** Bhojpuri: सार (sār)
***** Maithili: सारी (sārī)
**** Odia: ସାଡ଼ି (sāṛi), ସାଢ଼ୀ (sāṛhi)
**** Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠠꠤ (haṛi)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Kumaoni: साड़ि (sāṛi)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: सारि (sāri)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Lahnda:
****** Southern Hindko: ساڑی (sāṛī)
***** Punjabi: sāṛhī
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਾੜ੍ਹੀ
    Shahmukhi script: سَاڑھِی
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: sāṛhī
    Arabic script: سَاڙِي
    Devanagari script: साढ़ी
** Southern:
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: साडी (sāḍī)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Old Gujarati:
***** Gujarati: સાડી (sāḍī)
***** Old Marwari: साडी (sāḍī)
** Prakrit: *𑀲𑀸𑀟𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*sāḍilla)
*** Western:
**** Gujarati: સાડલો (sāḍlo), સાલ્લો (sāllo)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sata”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 717
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 488-489
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 322
# वन्ध्य
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋɐn.dʱjɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋɐn̪.d̪ʱjɐ/

### Adjective

वन्ध्य • (vandhya) stem
* barren, sterile

#### Descendants

* Pali: vañjha
* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀁𑀛 (vaṃjha)
** Central:
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
**** Old Awadhi: बाँझा (bām̐jhā)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: bā̃j, bā̃jh, bā̃jar
***** Hindi: बाँज, बाँझ, बाँजर
***** Urdu: بَاںج (bā̃j), بَاںجھ (bā̃jh), بَاںجَر (bā̃jar)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: বঁজা (bõza), বঁজি (bõzi)
**** Bengali: বাঁজা (bãja), বাঁঝা (bãjha)
**** Bihari: बाँझ (bā̃jh), बाँझिन (bā̃jhin), बाँझड़ (bãjhaṛ)
***** Bhojpuri: बाँझ (bā̃jh)
**** Odia: ବାଂଝ (bāñjha), ବାଂଝୀ (bāñjhi)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Garhwali: बाँझ (bāñjh)
***** Kumaoni: बाँज (bā̃j), बाँजो (bā̃jo)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: बाँझो (bā̃jho), बाँझि (bā̃jhi)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Punjabi: vañjh, bañjh
    Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਂਝ, ਬਾਂਝ
    Shahmukhi script: وَاںجھَ, بَاںجھَ
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: vā̃jha
    Arabic script: بَانجھَ
    Devanagari script: वाँझ
****** Jadgali: [script needed] (bā̃'jh)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ވަނދު (vaⁿdu)
**** Sinhalese: වඳ (waⁿda), වඳී (waⁿdī), වැදී (wædī)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: vā̃z
    Devanagari script: वांज
    Konkani: vanz
    Kannada script: ವಾಂಜ್
**** Marathi: वाँझ (vā̃j̈h), वाँजा (vā̃j̈ā), वाँझा (vā̃j̈hā)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: વાઁઝ (vām̐jh), વાઁઝો (vām̐jho), વાઁઝિયું (vām̐jhiyũ), વાઁઝ્ણું (vām̐jhṇũ), આઁઝ્ણી (ām̐jhṇī)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vandhya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 658
# divdesmit
## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *dwidešimt, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dwideśimt (“twenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“twenty”). By surface analysis, divi (“two”) +‎ desmit (“ten”).

### Numeral

divdesmit
* twenty
# ἀριστοκρατία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἄριστος (áristos) +‎ -κρατίᾱ (-kratíā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ris.to.kra.tí.aː/ → /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/ → /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ris.to.kra.tí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.ris.to.kraˈti.a/

### Noun

ἀριστοκρᾰτίᾱ • (aristokrătíā) f (genitive ἀριστοκρᾰτίᾱς); first declension
* aristocracy

#### Related terms

* ἀριστοκρατέομαι (aristokratéomai)
* ἀριστοκράτης (aristokrátēs)
* ἀριστοκρατικός (aristokratikós)

#### Descendants

* → Greek: αριστοκρατία (aristokratía) (learned)
* → Danish: aristokrati
* → Dutch: aristocratie, aristokratie
** → Indonesian: aristokrasi
** → Peranakan Indonesian: aristocratie
* → English: aristocracy
* → French: aristocratie
* → Hungarian: arisztokrácia
* → Lithuanian: aristokrãtija
* → Latvian: aristokrātija
* → Norwegian Bokmål: aristokrati
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: aristokrati
* → Romanian: aristocrație
* → Russian: аристокра́тия (aristokrátija)
* → Serbo-Croatian: aristokràtija
* → Swedish: aristokrati
* → Ukrainian: аристокра́тія (arystokrátija)
* → Yiddish: אַריסטאָקראַטיע (aristokratye)

### Further reading

* ἀριστοκρατία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀριστοκρατία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀριστοκρατία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἀριστοκρατία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. aristocracy idem, page 39.
# Amoreuxia
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Amoreuxia f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Bixaceae – yellowshow.

### References

* Amoreuxia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Amoreuxia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Amoreuxia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# πανικός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Generic use of Πᾱνικός (Pānikós, “pertaining to Pan”), from Πᾱ́ν (Pā́n) +‎ -ικός (-ikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paː.ni.kós/ → /pa.niˈkos/ → /pa.niˈkos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /paː.ni.kós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pa.niˈkos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pa.niˈkos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pa.niˈkos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pa.niˈkos/

### Adjective

πᾱνῐκός • (pānĭkós) m (feminine πᾱνῐκή, neuter πᾱνῐκόν); first/second declension
* (of fears) panic, groundless

#### Descendants

* Greek: πανικός (panikós)
* Latin: pānicus
** → Catalan: pànic (learned)
** → Czech: panika
** → Danish: panik
** → Dutch: paniek, panisch
** → English: panic
** → French: panique (learned)
*** → Russian: па́ника (pánika)
**** → Georgian: პანიკა (ṗaniḳa)
*** → Turkish: panik
** → German: Panik, panisch
** → Hungarian: pánik
** → Italian: panico (learned)
** → Latvian: panika
** → Lithuanian: panika
** → Norwegian Bokmål: panikk
** → Norwegian Nynorsk: panikk
** → Polish: panika
** → Portuguese: pânico (learned)
** → Serbo-Croatian: pànika
** → Spanish: pánico (learned)
** → Swedish: panik
*** → Finnish: paniikki
* → Bulgarian: па́ника (pánika)
* → Macedonian: паника (panika)
* → Romanian: panică

### Further reading

* πανικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “πανικός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “πανικός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# विस्मरति
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From वि- (vi-) +‎ स्मरति (smarati).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋis.mɐ.ɾɐ.ti/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋis̪.mɐ.ɾɐ.t̪i/
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: विस्‧म‧र‧ति

### Verb

विस्मरति • (vismarati) third-singular indicative (root विस्मृ)
* to forget

#### Descendants

* Pali: vissarati (“forgets”)
* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀭𑀇 (viṃharaï), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀪𑀭𑀇 (viṃbharaï), 𑀯𑀺𑀪𑀭𑀇 (vibharaï), 𑀯𑀺𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀭𑀇 (visumaraï), 𑀯𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀭𑀇 (vissaraï), 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀭𑀇 (vīsaraï)
** Apabhramsa: विस्सरइ (vissaraï)
*** Central Indo-Aryan:
**** Hindustani: bisarnā
    Hindi: बिसरना
    Urdu: بِسَرْنا
*** Eastern Indo-Aryan:
**** Bengali: বিসরা (biśora)
*** Northern Indo-Aryan:
**** Nepali: बिसर्नु (bisarnu)
*** Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
**** Punjabi: vissarnā
    Gurmukhi script: ਵਿੱਸਰਨਾ
    Shahmukhi script: وِسَّرنا
*** Southern Indo-Aryan:
**** Konkani:
    Devanagari script: विसोर्चे (visorce)
    Kannada script: ವಿಸೊರ್ಚೆ (visorce)
    Latin script: visorche
**** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: विसरणे (visaraṇe)
    Modi script: 𑘪𑘲𑘭𑘨𑘜𑘹 (vīsaraṇe)
***** Marathi:
    Devanagari script: विसरणे (visarṇe)
    Modi script: 𑘪𑘲𑘭𑘨𑘜𑘹 (vīsarṇe)
*** Western Indo-Aryan:
**** Gujarati: વીસરવું (vīsarvũ)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “विस्मरति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1002, column 2.
# δίπτυχος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From δι- (di-) +‎ πτυχή (ptukhḗ) +‎ -ος (-os)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /díp.ty.kʰos/ → /ˈðip.ty.xos/ → /ˈðip.ti.xos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /díp.ty.kʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈdip.ty.kʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈðip.ty.xos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈðip.ty.xos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈðip.ti.xos/

### Adjective

δίπτῠχος • (díptŭkhos) m or f (neuter δίπτῠχον); second declension
* double-folded, doubled
* twofold

#### Descendants

Most are nouns derived from the neuter singular δίπτυχον (díptukhon) or the neuter plural δίπτυχα (díptukha)
* → Bulgarian: диптих (diptih)
* → Czech: diptych
* → Danish: diptykon
* → English: diptych
* → Esperanto: diptiko
* → Estonian: diptühhon
* → Finnish: diptyykki
* → Georgian: დიპტიქი (diṗṭiki)
* → German: Diptychon
* Greek: δίπτυχο (díptycho)
* → Irish: diptic
* → Japanese: ディプティク (diputiku)
* → Latin: diptycha
** Catalan: díptic
** French: diptyque
*** → Dutch: diptiek
** Italian: dittico
** Portuguese: díptico
** Romanian: diptic
** Spanish: díptico
* → Latvian: diptihs
* → Lithuanian: diptikas
* → Polish: dyptyk
* → Russian: ди́птих (díptix)
* → Serbo-Croatian: diptih
* → Swedish: diptyk

### Further reading

* “δίπτυχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* δίπτυχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* δίπτυχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* δίπτυχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “δίπτυχος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “δίπτυχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. double idem, page 248.two-fold idem, page 904.
# πεντα-
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From πέντε (pénte, “five”).

### Prefix

πεντα- • (penta-)
* five

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: penta-
* → English: penta-
* → Finnish: penta-
* → French: penta-
* → German: penta-
* → Hungarian: penta-
* → Italian: penta-
* → Polish: penta-
* → Portuguese: penta-
* → Romanian: penta-
* → Spanish: penta-
# συντονία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From σῠ́ντονος (sŭ́ntonos, “intense”) +‎ -ίᾱ (-íā), the former from συν- (sun-) +‎ τόνος (tónos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syn.to.ní.aː/ → /syn.toˈni.a/ → /sin.doˈni.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /syn.to.ní.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /syn.toˈni.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /syn.toˈni.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /syn.toˈni.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /sin.doˈni.a/

### Noun

σῠντονίᾱ • (sŭntoníā) f (genitive σῠντονίᾱς); first declension
* (of the body) tension
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 84e
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 540a.6
** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Fatigue 7
** (figurative) focus, diligence, concentration
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1341b.41
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1370a.12
* intensity, intense application or exertion
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prognostics 6
** 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Letters 2p.45U
* force
** Epicurius, 3.10
* agreement, harmony
** Chrysippus, 2.172.19
** 412 BCE – 323 BCE, Diogenes of Sinope, 7.140

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: sintonia
* → English: syntony
* → French: syntonie
* → Italian: sintonia
* → Portuguese: sintonia
* → Spanish: sintonía

### Further reading

* συντονία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “συντονία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “συντονία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# in earnest
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Mid-Atlantic US):(file)

### Adjective

in earnest
* Sincere; determined; truthful.
** 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 29.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:"I wasn't in earnest. I only brought it in joke."
** 1845, Caroline Kirkland, Western Clearings, Wiley and Putnam, page 104:She replied, "When did I ever tell you a lie ? I am in earnest."
** 1916, Elbert Hubbard, “Samuel Adams”, in Little Journeys Vol. 3: American Statesmen:Samuel was stern, serious and deeply in earnest. He seldom smiled and never laughed. He was uncompromisingly religious, conscientious and morally unbending.

#### Translations
### Adverb

in earnest (comparative more in earnest, superlative most in earnest)
* With considerable commitment, determination, or effect; significantly.
    It's snowing in earnest right now.
** 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter 11, in Barnaby Rudge:The gentlemen wear swords, and may easily have pistols in their pockets—most likely have, indeed. If they fire at each other without effect, then they’ll draw, and go to work in earnest.
** 1854, Henry David Thoreau, chapter 11, in Walden:But I see that if I were to live in a wilderness I should again be tempted to become a fisher and hunter in earnest.
** 1995 December 27, Guerry Clegg, “Mason era ends quickly at Georgia”, in Gainesville Sun, retrieved 20 Aug. 2010, page 2C:He spoke in earnest of the importance of achieving academic excellence as well as winning football games.
** 2001 November 14, Alex Perry, “Eyewitness: The Taliban Undone”, in Time:The Northern Alliance attacked in earnest on Friday night, and the Afghan Taliban soldiers immediately switched sides, while their commanders jumped into pickup trucks and sped south.
** 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).
* Having a sincere intent. (of a person)
    He was talking in earnest, even though his speech carried an ironic tone.

#### Translations
### References

* “in earnest”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* tanneries
# 𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮
## Prakrit
### Adjective

𑀣𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (thulla) (Devanagari थुल्ल)
* alternative form of 𑀣𑀽𑀮 (thūla)

#### Descendants

* Apabhramsa: थुल्ल (thulla)
* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Romani: thulo
* Northern Indo-Aryan:
** Central Pahari:
*** Garhwali: ठुल्लो (ṭhullo)
*** Kumaoni: ठुलो, ठुल्लो
** Eastern Pahari:
*** Doteli: ठुलो (ṭhulo), ठुल्लो (ṭhullo)
*** Nepali: ठुलो (ṭhulo), ठूलो (ṭhūlo)
** Western Pahari:
*** Dogri: thullā
    Devanagari script: थुल्ला
    Dogra script: 𑠚𑠯𑠥𑠹𑠥𑠬
* Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
** Punjabic:
*** Punjabi: ṭhullhā
    Gurmukhi script: ਠੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ
    Shahmukhi script: ٹھُلّھا
*** Saraiki: ṭhullā
    Devanagari script: ठुल्ला (ṭhullā)
    Multani script: 𑊑𑊣 (ṭhl /⁠ṭhullā⁠/)
    Shahmukhi script: ٹُھلّا (ṭhullā), ٹُھلہا (ṭhulhā)
** Sindhic:
*** Kachchi: thulo, thūlo
    Gujarati script: થુલો, થૂલો
    Khudabadi script: 𑋎𑋣𑋚𑋧, 𑋎𑋤𑋚𑋧
*** Sindhi: thulho
    Arabic script: ٿُلهو
    Devanagari script: थुल्हो
    Khudabadi script: 𑋎𑋣𑋚𑋪𑋞𑋧

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “थुल्ल”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 450.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthūlá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 795