# ardeo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ardea.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [arˈdeo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eo
* Hyphenation: ar‧de‧o

### Noun

ardeo (accusative singular ardeon, plural ardeoj, accusative plural ardeojn)
* heron

## Latin
### Etymology

From ār(i)dus +‎ -eō. Cf. audeō < avidus. For the supine ārsum compare also audeō : ausum and gaudeō : gavīsum, in which the i was retained.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaːr.de.oː/, [ˈäːrd̪eoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈar.de.o/, [ˈärd̪eo]

### Verb

ārdeō (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum); second conjugation
* to burn (be consumed by fire)
    Synonyms: ūror, cōnflagrō, flagrō, īnflammō, flammō, incendō, accendō, cremō, adoleō
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 22.1.8–9:Augēbant metum prōdigia ex plūribus simul locīs nūntiāta: […] et Praeneste ārdentēs lapidēs caelō cecidisse, […] Prodigies from various places announced at the same time increased fear: […] and at Praeneste burning rocks fell from the sky, […]
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.3.2:Apparuitque eī Dominus in flammā ignis dē mediō rubī et vidēbat quod rubus ārdēret et nōn conbūrerētur.The Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the middle of a bramble bush, and he saw that the bush was burning and not being consumed.
* (of eyes) to glow
** c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.62:Ārdent oculī.His eyes are glowing.
* (poetic) to glisten with a feature, usually with a colour
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.259–264:Ut prīmum ālātīs tetigit māgālia plantīs, Aenēān fundantem arcēs ac tēcta novantem cōnspicit. Atque illī stēllātus iaspide fulvā ēnsis erat, Tyriōque ārdēbat mūrice laena dēmissa ex umerīs, dīvēs quae mūnera Dīdō fēcerat, et tenuī tēlās discrēverat aurō.As soon as he reached the huts with winged heels, Aeneas founding towers and making new houses he watched. And his sword was starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak glistened with Tyrian purple, hung from his shoulder, all gifts which the rich Dido had made, and had interwoven the web with thread of gold.
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.601–602: […] Tum lātē ferreus hastīs horret ager campīque armīs sublīmibus ārdent.Then, the iron plain shivers far and wide with iron, and the fields glisten with raised weapons.
* (figurative) to burn, be strongly affected with an emotion (not always specified; when it is, most often in the ablative, but also with ad or in)
** 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 3.2.12:Mē miserum! vix sum compos animī, ita ārdeō īrācundiā.Woe is me! I hardly am in control of my soul, so much I burn with anger.
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 12.1–4:Turnus ut īnfrāctōs adversō Mārte Latīnōs dēfēcisse videt, sua nunc prōmissa reposcī, sē sīgnārī oculīs, ultrō implācābilis ārdet attollitque animōs.As Turnus sees the Latins crushed with Mars turned against them having gotten disheartened, his pledge called back, and himself the mark of every eye, burns moreover implacable and raises his courage.
* (figurative) to be eager
* (figurative) to be ardently or fervently in love, to burn with (especially romantic) desire
    Synonym: adamō
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.545–546:ārserat Aenēae Dīdō miserābilis igne, ārserat exstructīs in sua fāta rogīsWretched Dido, she had been burned with her fire for Aeneas; she had been burned on a funeral pyre built for her own death. (In a mere two lines, Ovid vividly summarizes the tragedy of Dido by contrasting two different meanings for the word ārserat.)

#### Derived terms

* ārdēns
* ārdēscō
* *ārdibundus
* ārdifētus
* ārdor
* ārsūra
* ārsus
* assō
* exārdeō
* perārdeō

#### Descendants

* Dalmatian:
** ardar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: ardoir, ardeir
*** Middle French: ardoir
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: arder
** Old Galician-Portuguese: arder
*** Galician: arder
*** Portuguese: arder
** Spanish: arder
Reflexes of an assumed variant *ārdĕre:
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: ardu
** Megleno-Romanian: ardu
** Romanian: arde
** Istro-Romanian: årde
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: ardere
** Sicilian: àrdiri
* North Italian:
** Friulian: ardi
** Romansch: arder
** Venetan: àrdar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: ardre
** Old French: ardre
*** Middle French: ardre
**** French: ardre
*** → English: arson
** Old Occitan: ardre
*** Occitan: ardre

### References

* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ardēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 25: Refonte Apaideutos–Azymus, page 146

### Further reading

* “ardeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ardeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ardeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be on fire, in flames: incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Liv. 30. 7) the sun burns, scorches: sol ardet, urit to feel acute pain: doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli to be fired with love: amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1) to be consumed with hatred: odio or invidia alicuius ardere to be fired with rage: ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88) to have an ardent longing for a thing: cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare everywhere the torch of war is flaming: omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2)
* ardeo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016