# mo-
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* mu-

### Etymology

Standardized form of mu-, from Proto-Austronesian *mu- (movement prefix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mo/ [mo]

### Prefix

mo- (inchoative ming-, mi-, ni-, contemplative mo-)
* actor trigger verb prefix, infinitive form
** non-durative action, an action done without reference to duration; see Perfective aspect
    Coordinate term: mag- — durative agent trigger
    Mokaon ko.I eat. (I is focused.)
** volitional action
    Wala siya mosultiHe wouldn't say/refused to say
* contemplative aspect of mo-
    Mokaon ko.I will eat.

#### Related terms

* mag-
* -um-

### See also

* -an
* -on
* paga- -an
* paga- -on

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*mu-”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Classical Nahuatl
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mo/

### Prefix

mo-
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 1

* (personal prefix, possessive) Used to form the second-person singular possessive of nouns: your. Can combine with relational words to form relational adverbs.
    nāntzintli (“mother”) → monāntzin (“your mother”)
    calli (“house”) → mocal (“your house”)
    -tlōc (“beside”) → motlōc (“beside you”)

#### See also

| | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | no- | to- |
| 2nd person | mo- | amo- |
| 3rd person | ī- | īm- |
| impersonal | tē- | tē- |

#### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

* (personal prefix, reflexive) Used to form the second and third person reflexive of transitive verbs: yourself, himself, theirselves. May also indicate reciprocity among the plural person: you/they ____ each other. For certain verbs, this imparts an intransitive sense rather than a strictly reflexive one.
    titītza (“to stretch something”) → timotitītza (“You stretch (yourself)”)
    itta (“to see something”) → motta (“He see himself, she sees herself”)
       -h (“(plural)”) → mottah (“They see themselves, They look at each other”)
    tolīnia (“to bother someone, to make suffer”) → ammotolīniah (“You (plrl.) suffer, You are bothered”)
* (personal prefix, passive voice) Used to form the passive construct for inanimate nouns.
    titītza (“to stretch something”) → motitītza (“It is stretched”)
    itta (“to see something”) → motta (“It is seen, it is visible”)
    pāca (“to wash something”) → mopāca (“It is washed”)

#### Usage notes

As with the other reflexive prefixes and tla-, this prefixes causes deletion of initial i in verbs such as itta or ilpia, with the exception of verbs beginning with ih- such as ihquiti.

#### See also

* Category:Classical Nahuatl terms prefixed with mo-
* Category:Classical Nahuatl noun forms
* Appendix:Classical Nahuatl possessive prefixes

## Guaraní
### Alternative forms

* mbo- (for oral words)

### Prefix

mo-
* Used to form causative of verbs.
    mopu'ãto raise, to cause to rise

#### Usage notes

This prefix is used when the following verb is nasal (as opposed to oral). If this verb were oral, the suffix mbo- would be used instead.

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Old Tupi
### Alternative forms

* mbo-

### Etymology

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-, from Proto-Tupian *mo-.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mbo-.

### Prefix

mo-
* forms causative verbs from intransitive verbs
    Coordinate term: (with transitive verbs) ukar
* forms factitive verbs from nouns and adjectives
** 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 48v:aimoabarê Pedro […][aîmoabaré Pedro […] ]I make Pedro a priest.

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: mu-

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “mo-”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 281, column 2

## Sotho
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 3 noun prefix.

## Southern Pomo
### Prefix

mo-
* Alternative form of mu-

## Ternate
### Etymology

Cognate with Tehit m- (“third-person singular feminine prefix”).

### Pronoun

mo- (Jawi مو-)
* (feminine) third-person singular clitic, she

#### See also

* unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
* m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
* 1 - for mixed-gender groups
* † - archaic

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tswana
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 1 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

#### Prefix

mo-
* Class 3 noun prefix.