# 宣

| 宣 | U+5BA3, &#23459; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA3 |
| ← 客 [U+5BA2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 室 → [U+5BA4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宣 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十一日一 (JMAM), four-corner 3010$_6$, composition ⿱宀亘)

#### Derived characters

* 萱, 箮, 𠊿, 喧, 塇, 媗, 愃, 揎, 暄, 楦, 渲, 煊, 𤚗, 瑄, 睻, 碹, 縇, 翧, 蝖, 諠, 鍹, 鰚, 䙋, 䳦, 𤸧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 284, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7132
* Dae Jaweon: page 562, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 923, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5BA3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宣 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 烜 | *qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ |
| 貆 | *qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon |
| 峘 | *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ |
| 狟 | *ɡoːn |
| 絙 | *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ |
| 荁 | *ɡoːn |
| 宣 | *sqʰon |
| 咺 | *qʰonʔ |
| 暅 | *qʰonʔ |
| 桓 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 洹 | *ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan |
| 揎 | *sqʰʷan |
| 愃 | *sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ |
| 瑄 | *sqʰʷan |
| 渲 | *sqʰʷans |
| 喧 | *qʰʷan |
| 萱 | *qʰʷan |
| 暄 | *qʰʷan |
| 諠 | *qʰʷan |
| 翧 | *qʰʷan |
| 蝖 | *qʰʷan |
| 垣 | *ɢʷan |
| 楦 | *qʰʷans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sqʰon) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 亘. The character originally represented the main hall where the emperor resided. By extension, it came to be used to mean "clear" or "evident."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xuān (xuan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuan$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syun$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xyon$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên
* Jin (Wiktionary): xye$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeng$^1$ / syeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suang$^1$ / suêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$
*** Yale: sywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
*** Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^1$
*** Yale: syūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xyon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyɵn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xye$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕye¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
*** Tâi-lô: suan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suang$^1$ / suêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suang / sueng
*** Sinological IPA : /suaŋ³³/, /sueŋ³³/
* suang1 - Shantou;
* suêng1 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: sjwen
Rime :
| Character | 宣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 須緣切 |
| Baxter | sjwen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swian/ |
| Li Rong | /siuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qʷar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰon/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xuān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-qʷar/ |
| English | spread (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3954 |
| Phonetic component | 亘 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宣 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰon/ |

### Definitions

宣
* (literary or in compounds) to declare; to announce; to proclaim
    宣言 ― xuānyán ― declaration
    宣誓 ― xuānshì ― oath
** (archaic) to command (from a sovereign to a subject)
* (literary) to spread; to diffuse; to circulate
** widespread; in wide circulation
** to drain (liquid)
    From: 《高麗史》 (History of Goryeo), 1451
    I cheuk mi bul yok yusin, seon u chimseok, hu jeuk heup ji, su yousin saengja. [Sino-Korean]
    Because her relatives were lowly, he did not want to impregnate her. He ejaculated on the sleeping mat. The lady then absorbed this [into her genitals]. She consequently became pregnant and gave birth to a son.
* (Internet slang) to like (contraction of 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuan))

### Compounds

* 不可言宣
* 不宣
* 人權宣言 / 人权宣言 (Rénquán Xuānyán)
* 仿宣紙 / 仿宣纸
* 倫敦宣言 / 伦敦宣言
* 傳宣 / 传宣
* 共產宣言 / 共产宣言
* 北上宣言
* 反宣傳 / 反宣传
* 口宣
* 周宣王
* 宣佈 / 宣布 (xuānbù)
* 宣傳 / 宣传 (xuānchuán)
* 宣傳品 / 宣传品 (xuānchuánpǐn)
* 宣傳單 / 宣传单
* 宣傳彈 / 宣传弹
* 宣傳畫 / 宣传画 (xuānchuánhuà)
* 宣傳車 / 宣传车 (xuānchuánchē)
* 宣傳週 / 宣传周
* 宣判 (xuānpàn)
* 宣劑 / 宣剂
* 宣力
* 宣勞 / 宣劳
* 宣化 (xuānhuà)
* 宣卷
* 宣取
* 宣召 (xuānzhào)
* 宣吐
* 宣告 (xuāngào)
* 宣告死亡
* 宣和
* 宣和書譜 / 宣和书谱
* 宣和畫譜 / 宣和画谱
* 宣威 (Xuānwēi)
* 宣室 (xuānshì)
* 宣室志
* 宣導 / 宣导 (xuāndǎo)
* 宣尼
* 宣布 (xuānbù)
* 宣德 (Xuāndé)
* 宣德鑪 / 宣德𬬻
* 宣恩 (Xuān'ēn)
* 宣慰
* 宣戰 / 宣战 (xuānzhàn)
* 宣戰書 / 宣战书
* 宣揚 / 宣扬 (xuānyáng)
* 宣撫 / 宣抚
* 宣敕
* 宣教 (xuānjiào)
* 宣旨 (xuānzhǐ)
* 宣明 (xuānmíng)
* 宣泄 (xuānxiè)
* 宣流
* 宣洩 / 宣泄 (xuānxiè)
* 宣淫
* 宣父
* 宣牌
* 宣示 (xuānshì)
* 宣科
* 宣稱 / 宣称 (xuānchēng)
* 宣窯 / 宣窑
* 宣筆 / 宣笔
* 宣紙 / 宣纸 (xuānzhǐ)
* 宣統 / 宣统 (Xuāntǒng)
* 宣腿 (xuāntuǐ)
* 宣言 (xuānyán)
* 宣詔 / 宣诏
* 宣說 / 宣说
* 宣誓 (xuānshì)
* 宣諭 / 宣谕 (xuānyù)
* 宣講 / 宣讲 (xuānjiǎng)
* 宣議郎 / 宣议郎
* 宣讀 / 宣读 (xuāndú)
* 宣贊 / 宣赞
* 宣騰 / 宣腾
* 宣麻
* 心照不宣 (xīnzhàobùxuān)
* 承宣
* 文宣 (wénxuān)
* 文宣王
* 死亡宣告
* 漢宣帝 / 汉宣帝
* 照本宣科 (zhàoběnxuānkē)
* 獨立宣言 / 独立宣言
* 破產宣告 / 破产宣告
* 祕而不宣 / 秘而不宣 (mì'érbùxuān)
* 節宣 / 节宣
* 許宣 / 许宣
* 道宣
* 開羅宣言 / 开罗宣言
* 齊宣王 / 齐宣王 (Qí Xuān Wáng)

### References

* “宣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* proclaim, announce
* say

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
* Kun: のたまう (notamau, 宣う)、のたまわく (notamawaku, 宣わく)、のべる (noberu, 宣べる)、のる (noru, 宣る)
* Nanori: のぶ (nobu)

#### Compounds

* 宣(せん)言(げん) (sengen, “declaration”)
* 宣(せん)告(こく) (senkoku, “verdict”)
* 宣(せん)誓(せい) (sensei, “pledge, oath”)
* 宣(せん)託(たく) (sentaku)
* 宣(せん)伝(でん) (senden, “advertisement”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 宣
* せん Grade: 6
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 宣 (MC sjwen).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せん [séꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

宣(せん) • (sen)
* proclamation (Can we verify this sense?)
    Synonym: 宣旨 (senji)

### Verb

宣(せん)する • (sen suru) suru (stem 宣(せん)し (sen shi), past 宣(せん)した (sen shita))
* declare (Can we verify this sense?)
    Synonym: 宣言する (sengen suru)

### Proper noun

宣(せん) • (Sen)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

宣 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn)
1. To declare, to give, to bestow.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宣: Hán Nôm readings: tuyên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.