# խոփ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian խոփ (xopʻ).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /χopʰ/, [χopʰ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /χop/, [χopʰ]

### Noun

խոփ • (xopʻ)
* plowshare

#### Derived terms

* բազմախոփ (bazmaxopʻ)
* երկխոփանի (erkxopʻani)
* խոփակալ (xopʻakal)
* խոփատել (xopʻatel)
* խոփատուն (xopʻatun)
* խոփել (xopʻel)
* խոփիկ (xopʻik)
* խոփխաշ (xopʻxaš)
* խոփտել (xopʻtel)
* խոփտուն (xopʻtun)
* յոթխոփանի (yotʻxopʻani)

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: hop, ḫop

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խոփ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 423–424
* Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 284, page 69

## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* խոբ (xob)

### Etymology

Akin to Georgian ხოპი (xoṗi), ხოფი (xopi), Mingrelian ხოპი (xoṗi), ხოფი (xopi), Laz ხოპე (xop̌e). Because the Georgian-Zan words exhibit more basic meanings, Ačaṙean derives the Armenian from them. He also connects Kubachin Dargwa hob (“spade”) found only in Erckert.

### Noun

խոփ • (xopʻ)
* plowshare
** 5th century, Bible, 1 Samuel 13.21:Եւ էին կութք պատրաստ հնձելոյ, և կահին երեք սկեղք էին՝ խոփոյ և կացնոյ և մանգաղի յարգ հանգոյն նմին։Ew ēin kutʻkʻ patrast hnjeloy, ew kahin erekʻ skełkʻ ēin, xopʻoy ew kacʻnoy ew mangałi yarg hangoyn nmin.Translation by Brenton Septuagint TranslationAnd it was near the time of vintage: and their tools were valued at three shekels for a ploughshare, and there was the same rate for the axe and the sickle.
** 5th century, Bible, Isaiah 2.4:Եւ դատեսցի ի մէջ հեթանոսաց, և յանդիմանեսցէ զժողովուրդս բազումս․ և ձուլեսցեն զսուսերս իւրեանց ի խոփս, և զսուինս իւրեանց ի մանգաղս․ ոչ առնուցու ազգ յազգի վերայ սուր, և ոչ ևս ուսանիցին տալ պատերազմ։Ew datescʻi i mēǰ hetʻanosacʻ, ew yandimanescʻē zžołovurds bazums; ew julescʻen zsusers iwreancʻ i xopʻs, ew zsuins iwreancʻ i mangałs; očʻ aṙnucʻu azg yazgi veray sur, ew očʻ ews usanicʻin tal paterazm.Translation by King James BibleAnd he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

#### Descendants

* Armenian: խոփ (xopʻ)
** → Turkish: hop, ḫop

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խոփ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 423–424
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1950) “Hayastani ayl bnikneri ew Kovkaseanneri azdecʻutʻiwnə hayerēni vray [The influence of other natives of Armenia and Caucasians on Armenian]”, in Sion‎ (in Armenian), numbers 6–7, Jerusalem: St. James Armenian Printing House, page 205b
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 596
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “խոփ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

### Further reading

* Erckert, Roderich von (1895) Die Sprachen des kaukasischen Stammes. I. Theil. Wörterverzeichniss (in German), Vienna: Alfred Hölder, § 324, page 130
* Tērvišean, Serovbē (1885) Hndewropakan naxalezu [The Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 111
* Bugge, Sophus (1892) “Beiträge zur etymologischen Erläuterung der armenischen Sprache”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 1, page 447
* Džaukjan, G. B. (1967) Очерки по истории дописьменного периода армянского языка [An Outline of the History of the Pre-Literary Period of the Armenian Language]‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 120
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “խոփ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 350b, offers a fanciful Proto-Indo-European etymology
* Mkrtčjan, N. A. (1979) “«Отклонения» от закономерностей армянского языка в свете данных аккадского языка ["Digressions" from the Regular Features of Armenian in the Light of Akkadian Language]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Russian), number 4, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 220 of 219–234, together with Armenian խփել (xpʻel, “to beat”) derives from Akkadian [script needed] (ḫepû, ḫapû, “to break”)
* Dʹjakonov, I. M. (1981) “К древневосточному субстрату в армянском языке [Towards the Problem of Ancient Oriental Substrata in Armenian]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎ (in Russian), number 1, with observations by A. G. Perixanjan, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 60–61, rejects the Akkadian origin
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 58