# dakwa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay dakwa, from Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈdaʔwa/ [ˈdaʔ.wa]
* Rhymes: -aʔwa
* Syllabification: dak‧wa

### Noun

dakwa (plural)
* accusation
    Synonym: tuduhan
* (law) indictment
    Synonym: tuntutan

#### Affixed terms

* berdakwa
* dakwaan
* memperdakwakan
* mendakwa
* mendakwai
* mendakwakan
* pendakwa
* pendakwaan
* terdakwa

### Further reading

* “dakwa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaʕwa/ [ˈda.ʕwa]
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

dakwa (Jawi spelling دعوا, plural dakwa-dakwa, informal 1st possessive dakwaku, 2nd possessive dakwamu, 3rd possessive dakwanya)
* accusation, complaint

#### Derived terms

* berdakwa
* dakwaan
* pendakwa
* pendakwaan
* terdakwa

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: dakwa

### Further reading

* “dakwa” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From -daka +‎ -wa.

### Verb

-dakwa
* to get drunk, to become intoxicated

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukudakwa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukudakwa | ukungadakwa |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | dakwa | -dakwe |
| Plural | dakwani | -dakweni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyadakwa, ngidakwa | engidakwayo, engidakwa | ngidakwa | angidakwa | engingadakwa | ngingadakwa |
| 2nd singular | uyadakwa, udakwa | odakwayo, odakwa | udakwa | awudakwa | ongadakwa | ungadakwa |
| 1st plural | siyadakwa, sidakwa | esidakwayo, esidakwa | sidakwa | asidakwa | esingadakwa | singadakwa |
| 2nd plural | niyadakwa, nidakwa | enidakwayo, enidakwa | nidakwa | anidakwa | eningadakwa | ningadakwa |
| Class 1 | uyadakwa, udakwa | odakwayo, odakwa | edakwa | akadakwa | ongadakwa | engadakwa |
| Class 2 | bayadakwa, badakwa | abadakwayo, abadakwa | bedakwa | abadakwa | abangadakwa | bengadakwa |
| Class 3 | uyadakwa, udakwa | odakwayo, odakwa | udakwa | awudakwa | ongadakwa | ungadakwa |
| Class 4 | iyadakwa, idakwa | edakwayo, edakwa | idakwa | ayidakwa | engadakwa | ingadakwa |
| Class 5 | liyadakwa, lidakwa | elidakwayo, elidakwa | lidakwa | alidakwa | elingadakwa | lingadakwa |
| Class 6 | ayadakwa, adakwa | adakwayo, adakwa | edakwa | awadakwa | angadakwa | engadakwa |
| Class 7 | siyadakwa, sidakwa | esidakwayo, esidakwa | sidakwa | asidakwa | esingadakwa | singadakwa |
| Class 8 | ziyadakwa, zidakwa | ezidakwayo, ezidakwa | zidakwa | azidakwa | ezingadakwa | zingadakwa |
| Class 9 | iyadakwa, idakwa | edakwayo, edakwa | idakwa | ayidakwa | engadakwa | ingadakwa |
| Class 10 | ziyadakwa, zidakwa | ezidakwayo, ezidakwa | zidakwa | azidakwa | ezingadakwa | zingadakwa |
| Class 11 | luyadakwa, ludakwa | oludakwayo, oludakwa | ludakwa | aludakwa | olungadakwa | lungadakwa |
| Class 14 | buyadakwa, budakwa | obudakwayo, obudakwa | budakwa | abudakwa | obungadakwa | bungadakwa |
| Class 15 | kuyadakwa, kudakwa | okudakwayo, okudakwa | kudakwa | akudakwa | okungadakwa | kungadakwa |
| Class 17 | kuyadakwa, kudakwa | okudakwayo, okudakwa | kudakwa | akudakwa | okungadakwa | kungadakwa |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidakiwe, ngidakwē | engidakiwe, engidakwē | ngidakiwe, ngidakwē | angidakwanga | engingadakwanga | ngingadakwanga |
| 2nd singular | udakiwe, udakwē | odakiwe, odakwē | udakiwe, udakwē | awudakwanga | ongadakwanga | ungadakwanga |
| 1st plural | sidakiwe, sidakwē | esidakiwe, esidakwē | sidakiwe, sidakwē | asidakwanga | esingadakwanga | singadakwanga |
| 2nd plural | nidakiwe, nidakwē | enidakiwe, enidakwē | nidakiwe, nidakwē | anidakwanga | eningadakwanga | ningadakwanga |
| Class 1 | udakiwe, udakwē | odakiwe, odakwē | edakiwe, edakwē | akadakwanga | ongadakwanga | engadakwanga |
| Class 2 | badakiwe, badakwē | abadakiwe, abadakwē | bedakiwe, bedakwē | abadakwanga | abangadakwanga | bengadakwanga |
| Class 3 | udakiwe, udakwē | odakiwe, odakwē | udakiwe, udakwē | awudakwanga | ongadakwanga | ungadakwanga |
| Class 4 | idakiwe, idakwē | edakiwe, edakwē | idakiwe, idakwē | ayidakwanga | engadakwanga | ingadakwanga |
| Class 5 | lidakiwe, lidakwē | elidakiwe, elidakwē | lidakiwe, lidakwē | alidakwanga | elingadakwanga | lingadakwanga |
| Class 6 | adakiwe, adakwē | adakiwe, adakwē | edakiwe, edakwē | awadakwanga | angadakwanga | engadakwanga |
| Class 7 | sidakiwe, sidakwē | esidakiwe, esidakwē | sidakiwe, sidakwē | asidakwanga | esingadakwanga | singadakwanga |
| Class 8 | zidakiwe, zidakwē | ezidakiwe, ezidakwē | zidakiwe, zidakwē | azidakwanga | ezingadakwanga | zingadakwanga |
| Class 9 | idakiwe, idakwē | edakiwe, edakwē | idakiwe, idakwē | ayidakwanga | engadakwanga | ingadakwanga |
| Class 10 | zidakiwe, zidakwē | ezidakiwe, ezidakwē | zidakiwe, zidakwē | azidakwanga | ezingadakwanga | zingadakwanga |
| Class 11 | ludakiwe, ludakwē | oludakiwe, oludakwē | ludakiwe, ludakwē | aludakwanga | olungadakwanga | lungadakwanga |
| Class 14 | budakiwe, budakwē | obudakiwe, obudakwē | budakiwe, budakwē | abudakwanga | obungadakwanga | bungadakwanga |
| Class 15 | kudakiwe, kudakwē | okudakiwe, okudakwē | kudakiwe, kudakwē | akudakwanga | okungadakwanga | kungadakwanga |
| Class 17 | kudakiwe, kudakwē | okudakiwe, okudakwē | kudakiwe, kudakwē | akudakwanga | okungadakwanga | kungadakwanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngādakwa | engādakwa | ngādakwa | angidakwanga | engingadakwanga | ngingadakwanga |
| 2nd singular | wādakwa | owādakwa | wādakwa | awudakwanga | ongadakwanga | ungadakwanga |
| 1st plural | sādakwa | esādakwa | sādakwa | asidakwanga | esingadakwanga | singadakwanga |
| 2nd plural | nādakwa | enādakwa | nādakwa | anidakwanga | eningadakwanga | ningadakwanga |
| Class 1 | wādakwa | owādakwa | ādakwa | akadakwanga | ongadakwanga | engadakwanga |
| Class 2 | bādakwa | abādakwa | bādakwa | abadakwanga | abangadakwanga | bengadakwanga |
| Class 3 | wādakwa | owādakwa | wādakwa | awudakwanga | ongadakwanga | ungadakwanga |
| Class 4 | yādakwa | eyādakwa | yādakwa | ayidakwanga | engadakwanga | ingadakwanga |
| Class 5 | lādakwa | elādakwa | lādakwa | alidakwanga | elingadakwanga | lingadakwanga |
| Class 6 | ādakwa | ādakwa | ādakwa | awadakwanga | angadakwanga | engadakwanga |
| Class 7 | sādakwa | esādakwa | sādakwa | asidakwanga | esingadakwanga | singadakwanga |
| Class 8 | zādakwa | ezādakwa | zādakwa | azidakwanga | ezingadakwanga | zingadakwanga |
| Class 9 | yādakwa | eyādakwa | yādakwa | ayidakwanga | engadakwanga | ingadakwanga |
| Class 10 | zādakwa | ezādakwa | zādakwa | azidakwanga | ezingadakwanga | zingadakwanga |
| Class 11 | lwādakwa | olwādakwa | lwādakwa | aludakwanga | olungadakwanga | lungadakwanga |
| Class 14 | bādakwa | obādakwa | bādakwa | abudakwanga | obungadakwanga | bungadakwanga |
| Class 15 | kwādakwa | okwādakwa | kwādakwa | akudakwanga | okungadakwanga | kungadakwanga |
| Class 17 | kwādakwa | okwādakwa | kwādakwa | akudakwanga | okungadakwanga | kungadakwanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingadakwa | — | ngingadakwa | ngingedakwe | — | ngingedakwe |
| 2nd singular | ungadakwa | — | ungadakwa | ungedakwe | — | ungedakwe |
| 1st plural | singadakwa | — | singadakwa | singedakwe | — | singedakwe |
| 2nd plural | ningadakwa | — | ningadakwa | ningedakwe | — | ningedakwe |
| Class 1 | angadakwa | — | engadakwa | angedakwe | — | engedakwe |
| Class 2 | bangadakwa | — | bengadakwa | bangedakwe | — | bengedakwe |
| Class 3 | ungadakwa | — | ungadakwa | ungedakwe | — | ungedakwe |
| Class 4 | ingadakwa | — | ingadakwa | ingedakwe | — | ingedakwe |
| Class 5 | lingadakwa | — | lingadakwa | lingedakwe | — | lingedakwe |
| Class 6 | angadakwa | — | engadakwa | angedakwe | — | engedakwe |
| Class 7 | singadakwa | — | singadakwa | singedakwe | — | singedakwe |
| Class 8 | zingadakwa | — | zingadakwa | zingedakwe | — | zingedakwe |
| Class 9 | ingadakwa | — | ingadakwa | ingedakwe | — | ingedakwe |
| Class 10 | zingadakwa | — | zingadakwa | zingedakwe | — | zingedakwe |
| Class 11 | lungadakwa | — | lungadakwa | lungedakwe | — | lungedakwe |
| Class 14 | bungadakwa | — | bungadakwa | bungedakwe | — | bungedakwe |
| Class 15 | kungadakwa | — | kungadakwa | kungedakwe | — | kungedakwe |
| Class 17 | kungadakwa | — | kungadakwa | kungedakwe | — | kungedakwe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizodakwa | engizodakwa | ngizodakwa | angizudakwa | engingezudakwa | ngingezudakwa |
| 2nd singular | uzodakwa | ozodakwa | uzodakwa | awuzudakwa | ongezudakwa | ungezudakwa |
| 1st plural | sizodakwa | esizodakwa | sizodakwa | asizudakwa | esingezudakwa | singezudakwa |
| 2nd plural | nizodakwa | enizodakwa | nizodakwa | anizudakwa | eningezudakwa | ningezudakwa |
| Class 1 | uzodakwa | ozodakwa | ezodakwa | akazudakwa | ongezudakwa | engezudakwa |
| Class 2 | bazodakwa | abazodakwa | bezodakwa | abazudakwa | abangezudakwa | bengezudakwa |
| Class 3 | uzodakwa | ozodakwa | uzodakwa | awuzudakwa | ongezudakwa | ungezudakwa |
| Class 4 | izodakwa | ezodakwa | izodakwa | ayizudakwa | engezudakwa | ingezudakwa |
| Class 5 | lizodakwa | elizodakwa | lizodakwa | alizudakwa | elingezudakwa | lingezudakwa |
| Class 6 | azodakwa | azodakwa | ezodakwa | awazudakwa | angezudakwa | engezudakwa |
| Class 7 | sizodakwa | esizodakwa | sizodakwa | asizudakwa | esingezudakwa | singezudakwa |
| Class 8 | zizodakwa | ezizodakwa | zizodakwa | azizudakwa | ezingezudakwa | zingezudakwa |
| Class 9 | izodakwa | ezodakwa | izodakwa | ayizudakwa | engezudakwa | ingezudakwa |
| Class 10 | zizodakwa | ezizodakwa | zizodakwa | azizudakwa | ezingezudakwa | zingezudakwa |
| Class 11 | luzodakwa | oluzodakwa | luzodakwa | aluzudakwa | olungezudakwa | lungezudakwa |
| Class 14 | buzodakwa | obuzodakwa | buzodakwa | abuzudakwa | obungezudakwa | bungezudakwa |
| Class 15 | kuzodakwa | okuzodakwa | kuzodakwa | akuzudakwa | okungezudakwa | kungezudakwa |
| Class 17 | kuzodakwa | okuzodakwa | kuzodakwa | akuzudakwa | okungezudakwa | kungezudakwa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyodakwa | engiyodakwa | ngiyodakwa | angiyudakwa | engingeyudakwa | ngingeyudakwa |
| 2nd singular | uyodakwa | oyodakwa | uyodakwa | awuyudakwa | ongeyudakwa | ungeyudakwa |
| 1st plural | siyodakwa | esiyodakwa | siyodakwa | asiyudakwa | esingeyudakwa | singeyudakwa |
| 2nd plural | niyodakwa | eniyodakwa | niyodakwa | aniyudakwa | eningeyudakwa | ningeyudakwa |
| Class 1 | uyodakwa | oyodakwa | eyodakwa | akayudakwa | ongeyudakwa | engeyudakwa |
| Class 2 | bayodakwa | abayodakwa | beyodakwa | abayudakwa | abangeyudakwa | bengeyudakwa |
| Class 3 | uyodakwa | oyodakwa | uyodakwa | awuyudakwa | ongeyudakwa | ungeyudakwa |
| Class 4 | iyodakwa | eyodakwa | iyodakwa | ayiyudakwa | engeyudakwa | ingeyudakwa |
| Class 5 | liyodakwa | eliyodakwa | liyodakwa | aliyudakwa | elingeyudakwa | lingeyudakwa |
| Class 6 | ayodakwa | ayodakwa | eyodakwa | awayudakwa | angeyudakwa | engeyudakwa |
| Class 7 | siyodakwa | esiyodakwa | siyodakwa | asiyudakwa | esingeyudakwa | singeyudakwa |
| Class 8 | ziyodakwa | eziyodakwa | ziyodakwa | aziyudakwa | ezingeyudakwa | zingeyudakwa |
| Class 9 | iyodakwa | eyodakwa | iyodakwa | ayiyudakwa | engeyudakwa | ingeyudakwa |
| Class 10 | ziyodakwa | eziyodakwa | ziyodakwa | aziyudakwa | ezingeyudakwa | zingeyudakwa |
| Class 11 | luyodakwa | oluyodakwa | luyodakwa | aluyudakwa | olungeyudakwa | lungeyudakwa |
| Class 14 | buyodakwa | obuyodakwa | buyodakwa | abuyudakwa | obungeyudakwa | bungeyudakwa |
| Class 15 | kuyodakwa | okuyodakwa | kuyodakwa | akuyudakwa | okungeyudakwa | kungeyudakwa |
| Class 17 | kuyodakwa | okuyodakwa | kuyodakwa | akuyudakwa | okungeyudakwa | kungeyudakwa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngidakwe | ngingadakwa |
| 2nd singular | udakwe | ungadakwa |
| 1st plural | sidakwe | singadakwa |
| 2nd plural | nidakwe | ningadakwa |
| Class 1 | adakwe | angadakwa |
| Class 2 | badakwe | bangadakwa |
| Class 3 | udakwe | ungadakwa |
| Class 4 | idakwe | ingadakwa |
| Class 5 | lidakwe | lingadakwa |
| Class 6 | adakwe | angadakwa |
| Class 7 | sidakwe | singadakwa |
| Class 8 | zidakwe | zingadakwa |
| Class 9 | idakwe | ingadakwa |
| Class 10 | zidakwe | zingadakwa |
| Class 11 | ludakwe | lungadakwa |
| Class 14 | budakwe | bungadakwa |
| Class 15 | kudakwe | kungadakwa |
| Class 17 | kudakwe | kungadakwa |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngadakwa | ngangadakwa, angadakwa, angangadakwa |
| 2nd singular | wadakwa | wangadakwa, awadakwa, awangadakwa |
| 1st plural | sadakwa | sangadakwa, asadakwa, asangadakwa |
| 2nd plural | nadakwa | nangadakwa, anadakwa, anangadakwa |
| Class 1 | wadakwa | wangadakwa, akadakwa, akangadakwa |
| Class 2 | badakwa | bangadakwa, abadakwa, abangadakwa |
| Class 3 | wadakwa | wangadakwa, awadakwa, awangadakwa |
| Class 4 | yadakwa | yangadakwa, ayadakwa, ayangadakwa |
| Class 5 | ladakwa | langadakwa, aladakwa, alangadakwa |
| Class 6 | adakwa | angadakwa, awadakwa, awangadakwa |
| Class 7 | sadakwa | sangadakwa, asadakwa, asangadakwa |
| Class 8 | zadakwa | zangadakwa, azadakwa, azangadakwa |
| Class 9 | yadakwa | yangadakwa, ayadakwa, ayangadakwa |
| Class 10 | zadakwa | zangadakwa, azadakwa, azangadakwa |
| Class 11 | lwadakwa | lwangadakwa, alwadakwa, alwangadakwa |
| Class 14 | badakwa | bangadakwa, abadakwa, abangadakwa |
| Class 15 | kwadakwa | kwangadakwa, akwadakwa, akwangadakwa |
| Class 17 | kwadakwa | kwangadakwa, akwadakwa, akwangadakwa |

#### Derived terms

* isidakwa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dakwa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dakwa (6.3)”