# -am
## Azerbaijani
### Suffix

-am
* Postconsonantal form of -əm after the vowels A / I / O / U.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin -āmen, variant of -men, a noun-forming suffix.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈam]

### Suffix

-am m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ams)
* (often pejorative) indicates a collectivity
    ‎mosquit (“mosquito”) + ‎-am → ‎mosquitam (“swarm of mosquitos”)
    ‎trast (“piece of junk”) + ‎-am → ‎trastam (“junk”)

#### Related terms

* -im
* -um

### Further reading

* “-am”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [am]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: am

### Suffix

-am
* suffix for correlatives of time

#### Derived terms

* ĉiam (“always”)
* iam (“sometime”)
* kiam (“when”)
* neniam (“never”)
* (nonce) aliam (“(at) another time, sometime else”)
* tiam (“then”)

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɒm]

### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-am
* (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
    ház (“house”) → a házam (“my house”)

##### Usage notes

* (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
       ‎hajó (“boat”) + ‎-m → ‎a hajóm (“my boat”)
       ‎kocsi (“car”) + ‎-m → ‎a kocsim (“my car”)
       ‎palota (“palace”) + ‎-m → ‎a palotám (“my palace”)
       ‎érme (“coin”) + ‎-m → ‎az érmém (“my coin”)
    -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
       ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-am → ‎a házam (“my house”)
    -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
       ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-om → ‎a korom (“my age”)
    -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
       ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎a kertem (“my garden”)
       ‎fül (“ear”) + ‎-em → ‎a fülem (“my ear”)
    -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
       ‎öröm (“joy”) + ‎-öm → ‎az örömöm (“my joy”)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-am
* (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-.
    ‎áll (“to stand”) + ‎-am → ‎állam (“state”)
    ‎dal (“song”) + ‎-am → ‎dallam (“tune”)
    ‎hoz (“to bring”) + ‎-am → ‎hozam (“yield”)
    ‎tart (“to hold”) + ‎-am → ‎tartam (“span as in lifespan”)

##### Usage notes

* (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -am is added to back-vowel words
    -em is added to front-vowel words

##### Derived terms
### See also

* Category:Hungarian noun forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /am/, [ä̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /am/, [äm]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m (accusative singular of *-éh₂). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -ѫ (-ǫ).

#### Suffix

-am
* accusative feminine singular of -us
* accusative singular of -a

### Etymology 2

A conjugated form of -ō (suffix forming third-conjugation verbs).

#### Suffix

-am
* first-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)

## Ojibwe
### Final

-am
* act on by mouth or teeth

#### Derived terms

* dakwam
* wiikwam

#### See also

* asham
* -doon

#### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/am-final

### Suffix

-am
* A suffix that acts as transitive inanimate verb (vti) class marker

#### Usage notes

-am appears on Type 2 animate intransitive verbs (vai2).

#### See also

* -an

#### References

* Ojibwe People's Dictionary
* Anishinaabemodaa
* Ontario Ministry of Education Resource Guide, Native Languages, p. 51

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əβ̃/, [aβ̃]

### Suffix

-am m
* broad form of -em
    ‎oll (“great, vast”) + ‎-am → ‎ollam (“master, expert”)

## Phalura
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-am/

#### Suffix

-am
* Oblique plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)

##### Alternative forms

* -óom (With accent-shifting nouns)
* -éem (With ai-ending nouns)
* -úum (With accent-shifting nouns in Biori)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-am”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-am/

#### Suffix

-am
* Instrumental suffix (with a-declension nouns)

##### Alternative forms

* -óom (With accent-shifting nouns)
* -úum (With accent-shifting nouns in Biori)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-am”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -an, from Latin -ant. Compare Galician and Spanish -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐ̃w̃/

### Suffix

-am
* a suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-am → ‎amam (“[They] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-am → ‎cantam (“[They] sing”)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* -eam (after a slender consonant)

### Etymology

From Old Irish -imm. The spelling indicates that the m was broad before the loss of the broad/slender distinction in labial consonants; this pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, thugam etc. Compare the Ulster pronunciation of Irish -im (first-person singular present indicative and imperative) as /əmˠ/.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əm/

### Suffix

-am
* first-person singular imperative ending of verbs

## Volapük
### Suffix

-am
* Used to form a verbal noun.