# 立夏
## Chinese

* 立夏 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 立夏 (Cantonese)
* Li̍p-ha (Hakka)
* Lĭk-hâ (Eastern Min)
* Li̍p-hā (Southern Min)
* 立夏 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Lìxià
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Ni$^2$ xia$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laap$^6$ haa$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lit$^6$ ha$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Li̍p-ha
    (Hailu, HRS): lib$^ˋ$ ha$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lib$^6$ ha$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lieh$^4$ xia$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): Lì-hā
* Eastern Min (BUC): Lĭk-hâ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lih$^7$ ha$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Li̍p-hē / Li̍p-hēe / Li̍p-hā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lib$^8$ hê$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$liq-gho
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^6$ xia$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lìxià
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lìsià
*** Wade–Giles: Li$^4$-hsia$^4$
*** Yale: Lì-syà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lihshiah
*** Palladius: Лися (Lisja)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: Ni$^2$ xia$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Lixia
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹ ɕia²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laap$^6$ haa$^6$
*** Yale: laahp hah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laap$^9$ haa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lab$^6$ ha$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːp̚² haː²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lit$^6$ ha$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lit̚⁵ ha¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Li̍p-ha
*** Hakka Romanization System: lib ha
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lib$^6$ ha$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ ha⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lib$^ˋ$ ha$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip² ha³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lib$^6$ ha$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ ha³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lieh$^4$ xia$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ² ɕia⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Lì-hā
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁴² xa⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Lĭk-hâ
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iʔ⁵⁻²¹ hɑ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lih$^7$ ha$^5$ [Phonetic: lih$^4$ ha$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /liʔ⁴⁻⁴² ha²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lih$^7$ ha$^5$ [Phonetic: lih$^4$ ha$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /liʔ²⁴⁻⁴² ha²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍p-hē
*** Tâi-lô: Li̍p-hē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: libhe
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴⁻² he⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lip̚⁴⁻³² he³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴⁻³² he²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍p-hēe
*** Tâi-lô: Li̍p-hēe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɛ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍p-hā
*** Tâi-lô: Li̍p-hā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: libha
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴⁻² ha⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lib$^8$ hê$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: li̍p hē
*** Sinological IPA : /lip̚⁴⁻² he¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$liq-gho
*** MiniDict: lih$^入$ gho
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$liq-hho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɪʔ¹¹ ɦo²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: li$^6$ xia$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /li²⁴ ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹/

### Proper noun

立夏
* first day of summer, beginning of summer (one of the solar terms, around May the 5th, 6th, or 7th)

#### Synonyms

* (Puxian Min, Zhenan Min) 交夏

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 立夏(りっか) (rikka)
* → Korean: 립하(立夏) (ripha), 입하(立夏) (ipha)

### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

### References

* “Entry #20346”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “Entry #1457”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 立 | 夏 |
| りつ > りっ Grade: 1 | か Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りっか [ríꜜkkà] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) りっか [rìkká] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲik̚ka̠]

### Proper noun

立(りっ)夏(か) • (Rikka)
* First day of summer, beginning of summer (one of the solar terms)
* a female given name

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 立 | 夏 |

### Noun

立夏 • (ripha) (hangeul 립하)
* hanja form of 립하

### Noun

立夏 • (ipha) (hangeul 입하)
* hanja form of 입하

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 立 | 夏 |

### Proper noun

立夏
* chữ Hán form of Lập hạ (“first day of summer, beginning of summer (one of the solar terms”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)