# 禮

| 禮 | U+79AE, &#31150; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AE |
| ← 禭 [U+79AD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禯 → [U+79AF] |
| 禮 | U+F9B6, &#63926; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B6 |
| ← 例 [U+F9B5] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 醴 → [U+F9B7] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 禮 |
| Simplified | 礼 |
| Japanese | 礼 |
| Korean | 禮 |

### Alternative forms

In Traditional Chinese, the component on the left of U+79AE is 礻. In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai, the component on the left of U+79AE is 示 rather than 礻, which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary. A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6 to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

### Han character

禮 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT), four-corner 3521$_8$, composition ⿰礻豊(GHTV) or ⿰示豊(JK or U+F9B6))

#### Derived characters

* 𡅏, 𡓾, 𡤠, 𢹿, 𣠲, 𧕬, 𨰋

#### Related characters

* 礼 (Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
* Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
* Unihan data for U+79AE
* Unihan data for U+F9B6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禮 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 體 | *r̥ʰiːʔ |
| 軆 | *r̥ʰiːʔ |
| 禮 | *riːʔ |
| 澧 | *riːʔ |
| 醴 | *riːʔ |
| 豊 | *riːʔ |
| 鱧 | *riːʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar.
Originally written 豊, see there for more.

### Etymology

Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lǐ (li$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lì
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lai$^5$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngoi$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lai$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): li$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): li$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): lài / lǐ
* Eastern Min (BUC): lā̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lé
    (Teochew, Peng'im): loi$^2$ / li$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): loi$^2$ / li$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): li$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$li / $^4$li / $^3$li
** (Jinhua): $^3$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
*** Wade–Giles: li$^3$
*** Yale: lǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁴/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: lì
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^5$
*** Yale: láih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯¹³/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔi²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lai²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: li$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lài / lǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /lai⁴²/, /li²¹/
* lài - vernacular;
* lǐ - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lejX
Rime :
| Character | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 盧啓切 |
| Baxter | lejX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /liei$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /liei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*riːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁijʔ/ |
| English | propriety, ceremony |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7839 |
| Phonetic component | 豊 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 禮 |
| Old Chinese | /*riːʔ/ |

### Definitions

禮
* ritual; rite; ceremony
    婚禮／婚礼 ― hūnlǐ ― wedding
    喪禮／丧礼 ― sānglǐ ― funeral
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ kǒng shàn yǐ, shì lǐ mò qiān. [Pinyin]
    We are very much exhausted, and have performed every ceremony without error.
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zú tíng jiàn Xiāngrú, bì lǐ ér guī zhī. [Pinyin]
    In the end, (King Zhaoxiang of Qin) granted (Lin) Xiangru an audience at his court, completed the ceremonies, and sent him back.
* rules of etiquette; rules of propriety
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Fūzǐ xúnxún rán shànyòu rén, bó wǒ yǐ wén, yuē wǒ yǐ lǐ. [Pinyin]
    The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Fú lǐ zhě, suǒyǐ dìng qīnshū, jué xiányí, bié tóngyì, míng shìfēi yě. [Pinyin]
    They are the rules of propriety, that furnish the means of determining (the observances towards) relatives, as near and remote; of settling points which may cause suspicion or doubt; of distinguishing where there should be agreement, and where difference; and of making clear what is right and what is wrong.
* courtesy; etiquette; manners
    敬禮／敬礼 ― jìnglǐ ― to salute
    禮多人不怪／礼多人不怪 ― lǐduōrénbùguài ― nobody will find fault with extra courtesy
* present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c)
    禮物／礼物 ― lǐwù ― gift
* to treat with respect and courtesy
    敬賢禮士／敬贤礼士 ― jìngxiánlǐshì ― to treat worthies and intellectuals respectfully and courteously
* 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵)
* a surname

#### Usage notes

Usually, a single 禮／礼 (lǐ) refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物／礼物 (lǐwù) is used instead.

### Compounds

* 下水禮 / 下水礼
* 三禮 / 三礼 (Sānlǐ)
* 下禮 / 下礼
* 不禮 / 不礼
* 九禮 / 九礼
* 乾禮 / 干礼
* 二禮 / 二礼
* 五禮 / 五礼
* 亢禮 / 亢礼
* 交禮 / 交礼
* 以禮待人 / 以礼待人
* 以禮相待 / 以礼相待
* 伏禮 / 伏礼
* 作禮 / 作礼
* 做禮拜 / 做礼拜 (zuò lǐbài)
* 備受禮遇 / 备受礼遇
* 儀禮 / 仪礼 (yílǐ)
* 優禮 / 优礼 (yōulǐ)
* 先禮後兵 / 先礼后兵 (xiānlǐhòubīng)
* 克己復禮 / 克己复礼 (kèjǐfùlǐ)
* 免禮 / 免礼
* 八般大禮 / 八般大礼
* 六禮 / 六礼
* 典禮 / 典礼 (diǎnlǐ)
* 冇禮 / 冇礼
* 冒禮 / 冒礼
* 最敬禮 / 最敬礼 (zuìjìnglǐ)
* 冠禮 / 冠礼 (guànlǐ)
* 凶禮
* 分庭伉禮 / 分庭伉礼
* 分庭抗禮 / 分庭抗礼 (fēntíngkànglǐ)
* 制禮 / 制礼
* 制禮作樂 / 制礼作乐
* 割禮 / 割礼 (gēlǐ)
* 半禮 / 半礼
* 卑禮厚幣 / 卑礼厚币
* 卑辭厚禮 / 卑辞厚礼
* 博文約禮 / 博文约礼 (bówényuēlǐ)
* 卦禮 / 卦礼
* 厚禮 / 厚礼 (hòulǐ)
* 受禮 / 受礼
* 司禮 / 司礼
* 古蹟巡禮 / 古迹巡礼
* 吉禮 / 吉礼 (jílǐ)
* 周禮 / 周礼 (zhōulǐ)
* 喚禮 / 唤礼 (huànlǐ)
* 喝禮 / 喝礼
* 喪禮 / 丧礼 (sānglǐ)
* 嘉禮 / 嘉礼 (jiālǐ)
* 回禮 / 回礼 (huílǐ)
* 圖書禮券 / 图书礼券
* 執禮 / 执礼
* 壽禮 / 寿礼 (shòulǐ)
* 夏禮 / 夏礼
* 夔龍禮樂 / 夔龙礼乐
* 多禮 / 多礼
* 大戴禮 / 大戴礼
* 大戴禮記 / 大戴礼记
* 大禮 / 大礼
* 大禮堂 / 大礼堂
* 大禮帽 / 大礼帽 (dàlǐmào)
* 大禮拜 / 大礼拜 (dàlǐbài)
* 大禮服 / 大礼服
* 失禮 / 失礼 (shīlǐ)
* 好賢禮士 / 好贤礼士 (hàoxiánlǐshì)
* 妙禮 / 妙礼
* 婚禮 / 婚礼 (hūnlǐ)
* 定禮 / 定礼 (dìnglǐ)
* 客禮 / 客礼
* 富而好禮 / 富而好礼
* 射禮 / 射礼
* 導德齊禮 / 导德齐礼
* 小戴禮記 / 小戴礼记
* 小禮拜 / 小礼拜 (xiǎolǐbài)
* 少禮 / 少礼 (xiǎolǐ)
* 就禮 / 就礼
* 展禮 / 展礼
* 常禮 / 常礼
* 常禮服 / 常礼服
* 年禮 / 年礼 (niánlǐ)
* 廢禮 / 废礼
* 廠禮拜 / 厂礼拜 (chǎnglǐbài)
* 彬彬有禮 / 彬彬有礼 (bīnbīnyǒulǐ)
* 彩禮 / 彩礼 (cǎilǐ)
* 復禮 / 复礼
* 復禮克己 / 复礼克己
* 怯禮 / 怯礼
* 恩禮 / 恩礼
* 悖禮 / 悖礼
* 慢條廝禮 / 慢条厮礼
* 慢條斯禮 / 慢条斯礼
* 慢條絲禮 / 慢条丝礼
* 慢騰斯禮 / 慢腾斯礼
* 懺禮 / 忏礼
* 成丁禮 / 成丁礼
* 成年禮 / 成年礼 (chéngniánlǐ)
* 成禮 / 成礼
* 戴禮 / 戴礼
* 抗禮 / 抗礼
* 折節禮士 / 折节礼士
* 拜禮 / 拜礼
* 拘禮 / 拘礼 (jūlǐ)
* 拜見禮 / 拜见礼
* 敘禮 / 叙礼 (xùlǐ)
* 敬禮 / 敬礼 (jìnglǐ)
* 敬賢禮士 / 敬贤礼士 (jìngxiánlǐshì)
* 施禮 / 施礼 (shīlǐ)
* 既夕禮 / 既夕礼
* 晨參暮禮 / 晨参暮礼
* 晚禮服 / 晚礼服 (wǎnlǐfú)
* 暮禮晨參 / 暮礼晨参
* 曲禮 / 曲礼
* 有禮 / 有礼 (yǒulǐ)
* 朝參暮禮 / 朝参暮礼
* 殊禮 / 殊礼 (shūlǐ)
* 水禮 / 水礼
* 注目禮 / 注目礼 (zhùmùlǐ)
* 洗禮 / 洗礼 (xǐlǐ)
* 浮禮 / 浮礼
* 浸禮 / 浸礼 (jìnlǐ)
* 浸禮會 / 浸礼会
* 演禮 / 演礼
* 漢禮器碑 / 汉礼器碑
* 無禮 / 无礼 (wúlǐ)
* 無禮貌 / 无礼貌
* 焚香頂禮 / 焚香顶礼
* 燕禮 / 燕礼
* 牲禮 / 牲礼 (shēnglǐ)
* 牽羊成禮 / 牵羊成礼
* 獻禮 / 献礼 (xiànlǐ)
* 甘言厚禮 / 甘言厚礼
* 畢業典禮 / 毕业典礼 (bìyè diǎnlǐ)
* 病不拘禮 / 病不拘礼
* 盡禮 / 尽礼
* 相禮 / 相礼
* 瞻禮 / 瞻礼 (zhānlǐ)
* 知書達禮 / 知书达礼 (zhīshūdálǐ)
* 知禮 / 知礼
* 短禮 / 短礼
* 破土典禮 / 破土典礼
* 祭禮 / 祭礼 (jìlǐ)
* 禫禮 / 禫礼
* 禮上 / 礼上
* 禮不親授 / 礼不亲授
* 禮俗 / 礼俗 (lǐsú)
* 禮俗所拘 / 礼俗所拘
* 禮儀 / 礼仪 (lǐyí)
* 禮元 / 礼元 (Lǐyuán)
* 禮先壹飯 / 礼先壹饭
* 禮券 / 礼券 (lǐquàn)
* 禮制 / 礼制 (lǐzhì)
* 禮品 / 礼品 (lǐpǐn)
* 禮品店 / 礼品店 (lǐpǐndiàn)
* 禮品書 / 礼品书
* 禮單 / 礼单
* 禮器 / 礼器 (lǐqì)
* 禮器碑 / 礼器碑
* 禮堂 / 礼堂 (lǐtáng)
* 禮壞樂崩 / 礼坏乐崩
* 禮壞樂缺 / 礼坏乐缺
* 禮士親賢 / 礼士亲贤
* 禮多人不怪 / 礼多人不怪 (lǐ duō rén bù guài)
* 禮奢寧儉 / 礼奢宁俭
* 禮存寧儉 / 礼存宁俭
* 禮官 / 礼官
* 禮尚往來 / 礼尚往来 (lǐshàngwǎnglái)
* 禮崩樂壞 / 礼崩乐坏 (lǐbēngyuèhuài)
* 禮席 / 礼席
* 禮帽 / 礼帽 (lǐmào)
* 禮度 / 礼度
* 禮廢樂崩 / 礼废乐崩
* 禮意 / 礼意
* 禮憲 / 礼宪
* 禮懺 / 礼忏
* 禮成 / 礼成 (lǐchéng)
* 禮拜 / 礼拜 (lǐbài)
* 禮拜堂 / 礼拜堂 (lǐbàitáng)
* 禮拜天 / 礼拜天 (lǐbàitiān)
* 禮拜寺 / 礼拜寺 (lǐbàisì)
* 禮教 / 礼教 (lǐjiào)
* 禮教吃人 / 礼教吃人
* 禮數 / 礼数 (lǐshù)
* 禮數周到 / 礼数周到
* 禮數款段 / 礼数款段
* 禮文 / 礼文
* 禮書 / 礼书
* 禮服 / 礼服 (lǐfú)
* 禮案 / 礼案
* 禮樂 / 礼乐 (lǐyuè)
* 禮樂崩壞 / 礼乐崩坏
* 禮樂為鉤 / 礼乐为钩
* 禮法 / 礼法 (lǐfǎ)
* 禮炮 / 礼炮 (lǐpào)
* 禮無不答 / 礼无不答
* 禮物 / 礼物 (lǐwù)
* 禮生 / 礼生
* 禮盒 / 礼盒 (lǐhé)
* 禮節 / 礼节 (lǐjié)
* 禮節往來 / 礼节往来
* 禮經 / 礼经 (lǐjīng)
* 禮義 / 礼义 (lǐyì)
* 禮義之邦 / 礼义之邦
* 禮義廉恥 / 礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
* 禮聘 / 礼聘
* 禮花 / 礼花
* 禮行貨 / 礼行货
* 禮記 / 礼记 (Lǐjì)
* 禮請 / 礼请
* 禮讓 / 礼让 (lǐràng)
* 禮讓為國 / 礼让为国
* 禮讚 / 礼赞 (lǐzàn)
* 禮貌 / 礼貌 (lǐmào)
* 禮貌運動 / 礼貌运动
* 禮賢下士 / 礼贤下士 (lǐxiánxiàshì)
* 禮賢好士 / 礼贤好士
* 禮賢接士 / 礼贤接士
* 禮賢遠佞 / 礼贤远佞
* 禮路兒 / 礼路儿
* 禮車 / 礼车
* 禮輕意重 / 礼轻意重
* 禮遇 / 礼遇 (lǐyù)
* 禮運 / 礼运
* 禮部 / 礼部 (Lǐbù)
* 禮部尚書 / 礼部尚书
* 禮部試 / 礼部试
* 禮金 / 礼金 (lǐjīn)
* 禮鑒 / 礼鉴
* 禮門義路 / 礼门义路
* 禮闈 / 礼闱
* 禮防 / 礼防
* 禮順人情 / 礼顺人情
* 禮餅 / 礼饼
* 禮髯 / 礼髯
* 禮鳳 / 礼凤
* 禮鼠 / 礼鼠
* 立禮 / 立礼 (Lìlǐ)
* 笄禮 / 笄礼
* 答禮 / 答礼
* 節禮 / 节礼 (jiélǐ)
* 紅白大禮 / 红白大礼
* 網路婚禮 / 网路婚礼
* 縟禮 / 缛礼
* 繁文縟禮 / 繁文缛礼
* 繁禮多儀 / 繁礼多仪
* 老不拘禮 / 老不拘礼
* 聘禮 / 聘礼 (pìnlǐ)
* 脈禮 / 脉礼
* 苛禮 / 苛礼
* 茶禮 / 茶礼
* 茶紅酒禮 / 茶红酒礼
* 菲禮 / 菲礼
* 落成典禮 / 落成典礼
* 葬禮 / 葬礼 (zànglǐ)
* 落禮兒 / 落礼儿
* 薄禮 / 薄礼 (bólǐ)
* 虛禮 / 虚礼 (xūlǐ)
* 行禮 / 行礼 (xínglǐ)
* 衣冠禮樂 / 衣冠礼乐
* 表禮 / 表礼
* 見禮 / 见礼
* 見面禮 / 见面礼 (jiànmiànlǐ)
* 親家禮道 / 亲家礼道
* 覲禮 / 觐礼
* 觀禮 / 观礼 (guānlǐ)
* 詩書禮樂 / 诗书礼乐
* 詩禮 / 诗礼
* 詩禮之家 / 诗礼之家
* 詩禮人家 / 诗礼人家
* 詩禮傳家 / 诗礼传家
* 謝禮 / 谢礼 (xièlǐ)
* 識禮知書 / 识礼知书
* 議禮 / 议礼
* 財禮 / 财礼 (cáilǐ)
* 賀禮 / 贺礼 (hèlǐ)
* 賓主禮 / 宾主礼
* 賓禮 / 宾礼
* 賠禮 / 赔礼 (péilǐ)
* 贄見禮 / 贽见礼
* 贊禮 / 赞礼 (zànlǐ)
* 贈禮 / 赠礼 (zènglǐ)
* 贐禮 / 赆礼
* 越禮 / 越礼
* 趙禮讓肥 / 赵礼让肥
* 軍禮 / 军礼 (jūnlǐ)
* 巡禮 / 巡礼 (xúnlǐ)
* 送禮 / 送礼 (sònglǐ)
* 通禮 / 通礼
* 逸禮 / 逸礼
* 進見禮 / 进见礼
* 過禮 / 过礼
* 道禮 / 道礼
* 道禮數 / 道礼数
* 還禮 / 还礼 (huánlǐ)
* 鄉射禮 / 乡射礼
* 鄉飲酒禮 / 乡饮酒礼
* 重禮 / 重礼 (zhònglǐ)
* 門禮 / 门礼
* 閉幕典禮 / 闭幕典礼
* 開元禮 / 开元礼
* 閨門禮法 / 闺门礼法
* 陪禮 / 陪礼
* 陰禮 / 阴礼
* 雙禮 / 双礼
* 非禮 / 非礼 (fēilǐ)
* 頂禮 / 顶礼 (dǐnglǐ)
* 頂禮膜拜 / 顶礼膜拜 (dǐnglǐmóbài)
* 頌禮 / 颂礼
* 顏勤禮碑 / 颜勤礼碑
* 首映典禮 / 首映典礼

### References

* “禮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 礼 |
| Kyūjitai | 禮 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 礼)
* Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)

#### Readings

* Go-on: らい (rai)
* Kan-on: れい (rei)
* Nanori: ひろ (hiro)、れ (re)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 禮 (MC lejX).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 례〮 (lyéy) (Yale: lyéy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 녜 (nyey) (Yale: nyey) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾje̞] ~ [je̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [례/예]

### Hanja

Wikisource 禮 (eumhun 례도/예도 례 (ryedo/yedo rye), word-initial (South Korea) 례도/예도 예 (ryedo/yedo ye))
* hanja form of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”)

#### Compounds

* 결례 (缺禮, gyeollye, “discourtesy”)
* 경례 (敬禮, gyeongnye, “salute”)
* 다례 (茶禮, darye, “tea ceremony”)
* 답례 (答禮, damnye, “return, reward”)
* 무례 (無禮, murye, “rudeness”)
* 사례 (謝禮, sarye, “return, reward”)
* 세례 (洗禮, serye, “baptism”)
* 예배 (禮拜, yebae, “worship”)
* 예식 (禮式, yesik, “ceremony”)
* 예의 (禮儀, yeui, “manners, etiquette”)
* 예절 (禮節, yejeol, “manners, etiquette”)
* 장례 (葬禮, jangnye, “funeral”)
* 혼례 (婚禮, hollye, “wedding”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese

* chữ Hán Nôm in this term
* 禮

### Han character

禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ (里(lí)弟(đệ)切(thiết))
禮: Nôm readings: lễ, lạy, lẻ, lẫy, rẽ, rẩy, lẩy, lãi, lể, lởi, lỡi, lấy, lảy, rẻ
* chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”).
* Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”).
* Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”).

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hồ (1976).