# 公家
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngjiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ gaa$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong-ka / kong-kee
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gong$^1$ gê$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiā → gōngjia (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiå
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chia$^5$
*** Yale: gūng-jya
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.jia
*** Palladius: гунцзя (gunczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: gūng gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ka
*** Tâi-lô: kong-ka
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkaf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ ka³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gong$^1$ gê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong ke
*** Sinological IPA : /koŋ³³⁻²³ ke³³/

#### Adjective

公家
* public

##### Antonyms

* 私家 (sījiā), 私人 (sīrén)

#### Noun

公家
* the state
* the public
* imperial family
* royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government

##### Synonyms

* (royal court):
* 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (as termed by vassal states)
* 世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 中國 / 中国 (zhōngguó) (archaic)
* 公庭 (gōngtíng)
* 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 朝廷 (cháotíng)
* 王室 (wángshì)
* 王家 (wángjiā)
* 王朝 (wángcháo)
* 皇室 (huángshì)
* 皇朝 (huángcháo)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 公家(くげ) (kuge); 公家(こうか) (kōka)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-ke / kong-kee
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ke
*** Tâi-lô: kong-ke
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

#### Verb

公家
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to work together; to operate jointly

#### Adverb

公家
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) jointly; together
    公家出 ― kongke chhut ― (everyone) pay together

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 家 |
| く Grade: 2 | け > げ Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 公卿
/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/
From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).
The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くげ [kùgé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ɡe̞]

#### Noun

公(く)家(げ) • (kuge)
* the imperial court
    Synonym: 朝廷 (chōtei)
* the emperor and courtiers
* the nobility in general
    Synonyms: 公 (ōyake), 官家 (kanke)

##### Derived terms

* 公(く)家(げ)悪(あく) (kugeaku)
* 公(く)家(げ)荒(あ)れ (kugeare)
* 公(く)家(げ)華(か)族(ぞく) (kuge kazoku)
* 公(く)家(げ)方(がた) (kugegata)
* 公(く)家(げ)故(こ)実(じつ) (kuge kojitsu)
* 公(く)家(げ)詞(ことば) (kugekotoba)
* 公(く)家(げ)侍(ざむらい) (kugezamurai)
* 公(く)家(げ)衆(しゅう) (kugeshū)
* 公(く)家(げ)被(ひ)官(かん) (kuge hikan)
* 公(く)家(げ)屋(や)敷(しき) (kuge yashiki)
* 公(く)家(げ)読(よ)み (kugeyomi)
* 青(あお)公(く)家(げ) (aokuge)
* 糟(かす)公(く)家(げ) (kasukuge)
* 禁(きん)中(ちゅう)並(ならびに)公(く)家(げ)諸(しょ)法(はっ)度(と) (kinchū narabi ni kuge shohatto)
* 相馬(そうま)公(く)家(げ) (Sōma kuge)
* 鍋(なべ)取(と)り公(く)家(げ) (nabetori kuge)
* 生(なま)公(く)家(げ) (namakuge)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 家 |
| こう Grade: 2 | か Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーか [kóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːka̠]

#### Noun

公(こう)家(か) • (kōka)
* (rare) the imperial court
* (rare) the emperor and courtiers

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 家 |
| こう Grade: 2 | け Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーけ [kóꜜòkè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːke̞]

#### Noun

公(こう)家(け) • (kōke)
* (rare) the imperial court
* (rare) the emperor and courtiers

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN