OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# σκῦτος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *hūdiz (“hide”), Latin cutis (“skin”) and Lithuanian kiáutas (“shell, case, envelop”). Related also to σκύνιον (skúnion, “skin of the brows”) and κύτος (kútos, “vessel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skŷː.tos/ → /ˈscy.tos/ → /ˈsci.tos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /skŷː.tos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsky.tos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈscy.tos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈscy.tos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsci.tos/

### Noun

σκῦτος • (skûtos) n (genitive σκῡ́τεος); third declension
* skin, hide, especially dressed or tanned
* leather thong, whip

#### Derived terms

* σκυτάριον (skutárion)
* σκυτεία (skuteía)
* σκυτεῖον (skuteîon)
* σκυτεύς (skuteús)
* σκυτεύω (skuteúō)
* σκυτικός (skutikós)
* σκύτινος (skútinos)
* σκυτίον (skutíon)
* σκυτίς (skutís)
* σκυτοβραχίων (skutobrakhíōn)
* σκυτοβυρσεύς (skutoburseús)
* σκυτοδεψέω (skutodepséō)
* σκυτοκόλεος (skutokóleos)
* σκυτοπώλης (skutopṓlēs)
* σκυτορράφος (skutorrháphos)
* σκυτοτόμος (skutotómos)
* σκυτοτραγέω (skutotragéō)
* σκυτοφάγος (skutophágos)
* σκυτόω (skutóō)
* σκυτώδης (skutṓdēs)

### References

* “σκῦτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σκῦτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* σκῦτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# Misamis Oriental
## English
### Etymology

From Spanish Misamis Oriental, from Misamis +‎ oriental (“eastern”).

### Pronunciation

* (Philippines) IPA: /mɪˌsa.mɪs ʔoɾ.jɛnˈtal/

### Proper noun

Misamis Oriental
* A province of Northern Mindanao, Mindanao, Philippines. Capital and largest city: Cagayan de Oro

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Spanish Misamis Oriental, from Misamis +‎ oriental (“eastern”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: Mi‧sa‧mis O‧rien‧tal
* IPA: /miˌsamis ʔoɾjenˈtal/ [mɪˌs̪a.mɪs̪ ʔoɾ̪.jen̪ˈt̪al̪]

### Proper noun

Misamis Oriental
* Misamis Oriental (a province of Northern Mindanao, Mindanao, Philippines; capital and largest city: Cagayan de Oro)

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Misamis Oriental.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Spanish Misamis Oriental, from Misamis +‎ oriental (“eastern”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /miˌsamis ʔoɾjenˈtal/ [mɪˌsaː.mɪs ʔoɾ.jɛn̪ˈt̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: Mi‧sa‧mis Or‧ien‧tal

### Proper noun

Misamis Orientál (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐᜋᜒᜐ᜔ ᜂᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔)
* Misamis Oriental (a province of Northern Mindanao, Mindanao, Philippines; capital and largest city: Cagayan de Oro)

#### Related terms

* Misamis
* Misamis Occidental

### Further reading

* “Misamis Oriental”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# truck farm
## English
### Etymology

From truck (“to trade”).

### Noun

truck farm (plural truck farms)
* (chiefly US) A small-scale farm larger than a market garden but smaller than a full-scale farm involving the use of tractors or livestock.

#### Related terms

* truck crop
* truck farming
* truck garden
# üçkâğıt
## Turkish
### Etymology

Equivalent to üç (“three”) +‎ kâğıt (“paper”)

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /yt͡ʃcɑɣˈɯt/, [yt͡ʃ.cʰɑˈɯt̪]
* (colloquial) IPA: /yt͡ʃˈcɑːt/, [yt͡ʃˈcʰɑːt̪]
* Rhymes: -ɯt
* Hyphenation: üç‧kâ‧ğıt

### Noun

üçkâğıt (definite accusative üçkâğıdı, plural üçkâğıtlar)
* trickery, grift, scam, deceit

#### Derived terms

* üçkâğıtçı
* üçkâğıtçılık

### References

* “üçkâğıt”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# హృదయము
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* హృదయం (hr̥dayaṁ)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya, “heart; soul, mind, spirit”) +‎ -ము (-mu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɻ̍d̪ajamu/, [hɾud̪ajamu]

### Noun

హృదయము • (hr̥dayamu) ? (plural హృదయములు)
* heart
* mind

#### Synonyms

* గుండె (guṇḍe)

#### Derived terms

* సహృదయత (sahr̥dayata)
* సహృదయుడు (sahr̥dayuḍu)
* హృదయ స్పందనము (hr̥daya spandanamu)
* హృదయచోరుడు (hr̥dayacōruḍu)
* హృదయశల్యము (hr̥dayaśalyamu)
* హృదయాకారము (hr̥dayākāramu)
* హృదయాళుడు (hr̥dayāḷuḍu)
* హృదయాళువు (hr̥dayāḷuvu)
* హృదయేశ్వరి (hr̥dayēśvari)
* హృదయేశ్వరుడు (hr̥dayēśvaruḍu)
* హృద్రోగము (hr̥drōgamu)
# χοῦς
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-, the same root of χέω (khéō, “to pour”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰûːs/ → /xus/ → /xus/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kʰûːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /kʰus/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /xus/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /xus/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /xus/

### Noun

χοῦς • (khoûs) m (genitive χοός); third declension
* measure of capacity correspondent to 12 cotylae
* soil excavated or heaped up
* dust, cloud of dust
    Synonyms: κονιορτός (koniortós), κονίσαλος (konísalos)

#### Derived terms

* χοαῖος (khoaîos)
* χοϊκός (khoïkós)
* χοΐσκος (khoḯskos)

#### Descendants

* → English: chous

### Further reading

* “χοῦς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “χοῦς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* χοῦς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# καλαμίνθη
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* καλάμινθᾰ (kaláminthă), καλάμινθος (kaláminthos)

### Etymology

Unknown. The formal agreement with *καλαμο-μίνθη (*kalamo-mínthē) does not permit a conclusion. A Pre-Greek word is most probable, because of the suffix and the meaning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.la.mín.tʰɛː/ → /ka.laˈmin.θi/ → /ka.laˈmin.θi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.la.mín.tʰɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ka.laˈmin.tʰe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ka.laˈmin.θi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ka.laˈmin.θi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ka.laˈmin.θi/

### Noun

κᾰλᾰμίνθη • (kălămínthē) f (genitive κᾰλᾰμίνθης); first declension
* catmint (Nepeta cataria)
    Synonym: νέπετος (népetos)

#### Derived terms

* καλαμινθίνη (kalaminthínē)
* Καλαμίνθιος (Kalamínthios)
* καλαμινθίτης (kalaminthítēs)
* καλαμινθώδης (kalaminthṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* → Latin: calaminthē
* → Old Armenian: կաղամիտ (kałamit)
* → Translingual: Calamintha (now Clinopodium)

### Further reading

* “καλαμίνθη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* καλαμίνθη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# yuꞌu
## Yosondúa Mixtec
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Mixtec *yúʔúʔ.

#### Noun

yuꞌu
* mouth
* language
* edge, border

##### Derived terms

* teyuꞌu
* yunducha
* yuꞌu nducha

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Chayuco Mixtec yuhu, San Miguel el Grande Mixtec yūhú.

#### Verb

yuꞌu
* (intransitive) be afraid

### References

* Beaty de Farris, Kathryn, et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎ (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 94
# buotbuot
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* buot2 — text messaging

### Etymology

Reduplication of buot (“have one's way”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buʔutˈbuʔot/ [bʊ.ʔʊt̪ˈbu.ʔot̪]
* Hyphenation: bu‧ot‧bu‧ot

### Verb

buotbuot (Badlit spelling ᜊᜓᜂᜆ᜔ᜊᜓᜂᜆ᜔)
* to impose one's will where one doesn't have the right or is not allowed to do so
    Hari diay ka para magbuotbuot?Are you royalty to have the guts to impose your will?
* to take it upon oneself; do without authority; do without following instructions
    Synonym: pataka
    Nganong nagbuotbuot kag palit ana?Why did you take it on yourself to buy that?
* (colloquial) to make things up; to invent, forge, devise falsely
    Synonym: pataka
    Wala ko nagbuotbuot. ― I am not making things up.

#### Derived terms

* mabuotbuoton
# Gral
## German
### Alternative forms

* Graal (now nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Middle High German grāl, from Old French graal, from Latin gradalis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁaːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Gral
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Noun

Gral m (strong, genitive Grals or Grales, plural Grale)
* (mythology) grail (holy, miraculous object, especially a cup)

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Proper noun

der Gral m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Grals or des Grales)
* Clipping of Heiliger Gral (“Holy Grail”)

#### Derived terms

* Gralsburg
* Gralshüter
* Gralsritter
* Gralssage

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* Graal

### Proper noun

Gral m
* grail, Holy Grail

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡral/
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: Gral

### Proper noun

Gral m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Gral f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Gral”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022

## Portuguese
### Noun

Gral m (plural Grais)
* Alternative form of graal, seen as an individual item
# mahimut-on
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* mahimut-anon
* maham-uton

### Etymology

himuot +‎ ma- -on

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mahiˈmutʔon/ [mɐ.hɪˈmut̪.ʔon̪]
* Hyphenation: ma‧hi‧mut‧on

### Adjective

mahimut-on (Badlit spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜋᜓᜆ᜔ᜂᜈ᜔)
* feeling pleasure; pleased

#### Derived terms

* kahimut-anan
# জোয়ান
## Bengali
### Etymology

A merger of:
* জওয়ান (joōẇan), borrowed from Classical Persian جوان (jawān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (yw'n /⁠ǰuwān⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *HyúHā. Cognate with Hindi जवान (javān), Malayalam ജവാന (javāna), Telugu జవాను (javānu).
* জুয়ান (juẇan), inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀯𑀸𑀡 (juvāṇa), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀸𑀦 (*yuvāna), from Sanskrit युवानम् (yuvānam), the accusative case of युवन् (yuvan) (or possibly from another case, or a semi-learned borrowing). Cognate with Odia ଜୁଆଣ (juāṇa), Hindi जुवान (juvān), Gujarati જુવાન (juvān), Sinhalese යොන (yona).
Either way, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyúHā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō (“young”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /d͡ʒo̯an/, [ˈd͡ʒo̯an], /d͡ʒu̯an/, [ˈd͡ʒu̯an]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /dʑo̯an/, [ˈdʑo̯an], /dʑu̯an/, [ˈdʑu̯an]

### Adjective

জোয়ান • (jōẇan) (comparative আরও জোয়ান, superlative সবচেয়ে জোয়ান)
* young, youthful
    Synonyms: যুবা (juba), যুবক (jubok), তরুণ (torun)

### Noun

জোয়ান • (jōẇan)
* youth
    Synonyms: যুবা (juba), যুবক (jubok), তরুণ (torun)
** young man
* soldier, warrior

#### Derived terms

* জোয়ানবয়স (jōẇanboẏoś)
* জোয়ানি (jōẇani)
* নওজোয়ান (noōjōẇan)

#### Related terms

* আয়ু (aẏu)
* জুনিয়র (juniẏor)
* যবিষ্ঠ (jobiśṭho)
* যুদ্ধ (juddho)
* যুবক (jubok)
* যুবা (juba)
* যোঝা (jōjha)
* যোদ্ধা (jōddha)
# mao ra
## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* mao ra og, mao rag — combining form
* mao ray — indefinite combining form
* mura — short form

### Etymology

From mao (“is the one”) and ra (“only, just”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌmaʔo ˈɾa/ [ˌma.ʔo ˈɾ̪a]
* Hyphenation: mu‧ra

### Preposition

mao ra (Badlit spelling ᜋᜂ ᜇ)
* (literally) the only one (referring to something or someone being talked about)
    Mao ray (balay nga) walay atop. ― It's the only one (house) that has no roof.
* no more; that's all
    Mao ra akong tuyo. ― That's all I intended.
* (with a noun, + nga) the same (as the one being talked about)
    Synonyms: pariha, parihas
    Mao rang balaya ― It's the same house
** (with a verb, + og) just as; it would be the same if...
    Mao ra kakapoy og maglakaw ta ― It's just as tiring if we're going to walk.
** (with an adjective affixed with ka- -a) as ... as; same as; equally
    Mao ra kadak-a (kadakoa) ang balay sa kahoy ― The house is as tall as the tree.
* (dated, + og) seem, like, look like
    Synonyms: mura, daw
* (dated, + og) as if, as though
    Synonym: mura

#### Usage notes

* Sense 3: The linker nga (short forms: -ng, -g) is placed between the modified noun and mao ra. If an enclitic pronoun or particle is used, it is inserted between mao ra and nga. The noun in question is also suffixed with -a (other forms: -ha, -hana), although this may be ommitted.
    Mao rang (ra nga) balaya ― The same house
    Mao ra 'nang (kana nga) klaseha ― That's the same type
    Mao ra gihapong (gihapon nga) tawhana ― Still the same person
* In the third and fourth senses, the shortened form mura is prevalent in colloquial language. Usage of mao ra in these senses might seem old-fashioned.

#### Derived terms

* mao ra pod hinuon
* mao rag korek
* mao rang ubana
* mao-mao ra
* murag korek
# ῥώξ
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-, the same root of ῥήγνυμι (rhḗgnumi, “to break”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ɔ̌ːks/ → /roks/ → /roks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ɔ̌ːks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /roks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /roks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /roks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /roks/

#### Noun

ῥώξ • (rhṓx) f (genitive ῥωγός); third declension
* breach, narrow passage

##### Derived terms

* ῥωγαλέος (rhōgaléos)
* ῥωγάς (rhōgás)
* ῥωγή (rhōgḗ)
* ῥωγμή (rhōgmḗ)
* ῥωγμοειδής (rhōgmoeidḗs)
* ῥωγμός (rhōgmós)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ɔ̌ːks/ → /roks/ → /roks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ɔ̌ːks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /roks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /roks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /roks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /roks/

#### Noun

ῥώξ • (rhṓx) f (genitive ῥωγός); third declension
* Alternative form of ῥάξ (rháx)

##### Descendants

* Greek: ρώγα (róga)
* >? Proto-Albanian: *ruśśa-
** Albanian: rrush

### Further reading

* “ῥώξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ῥώξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ῥώξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ῥώξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ῥώξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ῥώξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

### References

* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 213
# Cyrenaica
## English
### Alternative forms

* Cirenaica, Kyrenaika

### Etymology

From Latin Cȳrenaica, from Ancient Greek Κῡρηναϊκή (Kūrēnaïkḗ), from Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κός (Kūrēnăĭ̈kós, “Cyrenean, adj.”) + -ή (-ḗ, “-a: forming feminine nouns”), from Κῡρηναῖος (Kūrēnaîos, “Cyrenean, n.”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”), from Κυρήνη (Kurḗnē, “Cyrene”) + -ιος (-ios, “-y: forming demonyms”). Equivalent to Cyrenaic +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saɪɹəˈneɪ.ɪkə/
* Hyphenation: Cy‧re‧na‧i‧ca

### Proper noun

Cyrenaica
* A region of northeastern Libya.
* (historical) A province of the Roman Empire around Cyrene.

#### Synonyms

* (region of Libya): Barqa (medieval contexts)

#### Derived terms

* Cyrenaican

#### Related terms

* Cyrenaic
* Cyrenian

#### Translations
## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Cyrenaica f
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of Cirenaica.
# mĩ vị
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* mỹ vị

### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美味.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mi˦ˀ˥ vi˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [mɪj˧˨ vɪj˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [mɪj˨˩˦ vɪj˨˩˨] ~ [mɪj˨˩˦ jɪj˨˩˨]

### Noun

mĩ vị
* delicacy

#### Derived terms

* cao lương mỹ vị (膏粱美味, “(historical) a luxurious delicacy; gourmet food”)
# aigeanta
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* (natural): aiceanta
* aigeantach

### Etymology

From Middle Irish aicenta, from Old Irish aicnetae (“natural, spirited, courageous”).

### Adjective

aigeanta
* (literary) natural
* spirited, cheerful

#### Derived terms

* aigeantacht f (“spiritedness, cheerfulness”)
* móraigeanta (“magnanimous; high-spirited, vivacious”, adjective)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aigeanta”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “aigeanta”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “aigeanta”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# mangibabaw
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From mang- +‎ ibabaw.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /maŋiˈbabaw/ [mɐ.ŋɪˈbaː.baʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -abaw
* Syllabification: ma‧ngi‧ba‧baw

### Verb

mangibabaw (complete nangibabaw, progressive nangingibabaw, contemplative mangingibabaw, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅᜒᜊᜊᜏ᜔)
* to prevail
    Synonyms: manaig, maghari

#### Related terms

* pangibababawan
* pangingibabaw
# pundido
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Compare Spanish fundido.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pun‧di‧do

### Adjective

pundido
* (of a light bulb) blown; burned out

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish fundido.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /punˈdido/ [pʊn̪ˈd̪iː.d̪o]
* Rhymes: -ido
* Syllabification: pun‧di‧do

### Adjective

pundido (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)
* burned out (usually referring to a light bulb)
    Synonym: pundi
    pundidong bombilya ― burnt out lightbulb

#### Related terms

* mapundi
* pundi

### Further reading

* “pundido”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# অব্দ
## Bengali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit অব্দ (abda). Compare Assamese অব্দ (obdo), Odia ଅବ୍ଦ (abda), Hindustani ابد / अब्द (abd).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ɔbd̪o/, [ˈɔbd̪oˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ɔbd̪o/, [ˈɔbd̪oˑ]

### Noun

অব্দ • (obdo)
* year
    Synonyms: বৎসর (botśor), বছর (bochor), সাল (śal), সন (śon)

#### Derived terms

* অব্দসার (obdośar)
* অব্দার্দ্ধ (obdarddho)
* খৃষ্টাব্দ (khriśṭabdo)
* বঙ্গাব্দ (boṅgabdo)
* শকাব্দা (śokabda)
* শতাব্দ (śotabdo)

### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “অব্দ”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
* Accessible Dictionary, অব্দ, Bengali-English, Government of Bangladesh
# գարշիմ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* գարշեմ (garšem)

### Etymology

Likely borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *gr̥šáti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers-. An inheritance from the same would have yielded *ձառ- (*jaṙ-) (see ձառ (jaṙ)), hence we are dealing with a borrowing. The Iranian is attested in the meaning "to be glad, happy", but it must have had other, more suitable meanings: compare the cognates Sanskrit हर्षति (harṣati, “to be excited; to be delighted; to bristle; to become impatient; to become stiff or rigid”), Bangāṇī gɔ̀rs(ɛ)ṇɔ (“to feel sheer terror, be terrified”), gɔ̀rsiṇɔ (“to be bristly, spiny (e.g., as pig or porcupine)”), Deogārī gɔrsiɔṇɔ (“to get terribly frightened (with body hair standing upright)”).

### Verb

գարշիմ • (garšim)
* (intransitive) to abominate, to loathe, to be disgusted

#### Derived terms

* ամենագարշ (amenagarš)
* անգարշ (angarš)
* գարշ (garš)
* գարշաբանութիւն (garšabanutʻiwn)
* գարշաբար (garšabar)
* գարշագոյն (garšagoyn)
* գարշագործութիւն (garšagorcutʻiwn)
* գարշախառն (garšaxaṙn)
* գարշախնդիր (garšaxndir)
* գարշահոտ (garšahot)
* գարշահոտութիւն (garšahotutʻiwn)
* գարշանամ (garšanam)
* գարշանք (garšankʻ)
* գարշասէր (garšasēr)
* գարշատեսիլ (garšatesil)
* գարշելագոյն (garšelagoyn)
* գարշելապէս (garšelapēs)
* գարշելի (garšeli)
* գարշելութիւն (garšelutʻiwn)
* գարշեցուցանեմ (garšecʻucʻanem)
* գարշեցուցիչ (garšecʻucʻičʻ)
* գարշութիւն (garšutʻiwn)
* գարշումն (garšumn)
* գարշունակ (garšunak)

#### Related terms

* ձառ (jaṙ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: գարշել (garšel)

### References

* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
* ↑ Zoller, Claus Peter (2014) “A South Asian perspective on the Burushaski controversy”, in Indian Linguistics‎, volume 75, numbers 3-4, page 110 of 101–132

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գարշիմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գարշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 523–524, derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥s- (“horror, abomination”) and with Lithuanian grasùs and Old High German garst (German garstig) as cognates
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 432
* Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 199–200
# dzavui
## Teposcolula Mixtec
### Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *sawiʔ.

### Noun

dzavui
* rain

#### Derived terms

* dzavui nuhu
* dzavui ñeñe
* dzavuicama

### References

* Alvarado, Francisco de (1593) Vocabulario en lengua misteca (in Spanish), Mexico: En casa de Pedro Balli, page 142v
# βρένθος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

The meanings "arrogance" and "kind of waterbird" are probably not related. If βρίνθος (brínthos, “kind of bird”) is reliable, the bird name may be Pre-Greek. On the other hand, βρινδεῖν (brindeîn, “to be agitated, provoke”) is not related.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brén.tʰos/ → /ˈβren.θos/ → /ˈvren.θos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /brén.tʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈbren.tʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈβren.θos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈvren.θos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈvren.θos/

### Noun

βρένθος • (brénthos) m (genitive βρένθου); second declension
* arrogance, haughtiness
* unknown kind of waterbird
* tomb

#### Derived terms

* βρένθειος (bréntheios)
* βρενθύομαι (brenthúomai)
* βρενθύς (brenthús)

### Further reading

* “βρένθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* βρένθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* βρένθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# tinaon
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tinaˈʔon/ [t̪ɪ.n̪ɐˈʔon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: ti‧na‧on

### Noun

tinaón (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜂᜈ᜔) (obsolete)
* vermin; pest
    Synonyms: salot, peste
* condition of being infested or killed by vermins (of domestic animals)

#### Derived terms

* matinaon

### Further reading

* “tinaon”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
** page 432: “Morirſe) Tinaon (pc) los animales de peſte o otra coſa”
** page 436: “Muerte) Tinaon [(pc)] de animales o aues caſeras”