# luma
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluma/
* Hyphenation: lu‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Armenian լումա (luma). Doublet of nummus.

#### Noun

luma (plural lumas or luma)
* (numismatics) A currency unit of Armenia, worth one hundredth of an Armenian dram.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

luminance

#### Noun

luma (uncountable)
* The brightness in an image, as opposed to the saturation or chroma.

### Anagrams

* Mula, malu, Lamu, mula, Ulam, alum, maul

## Bariai
### Noun

luma
* house

### References

* Steve Gallagher, Peirce Baehr, Bariai Grammar Sketch (2005)

## Basque
### Etymology

Eventually from Latin plūma

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luma/ [lu.ma]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Hyphenation: lu‧ma

### Noun

luma inan
* feather
    Synonym: hegats

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “luma”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “luma”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lúmaq (“old, worn out”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlumaʔ/ [ˈl̪u.maʔ]
* Hyphenation: lu‧ma

### Adjective

lumà (plural ruluma, intensified lumaon, plural intensified rulumaon, Basahan spelling ᜎᜓᜋ)
* old
    Synonyms: daan, antigo
    Antonym: bago

#### Derived terms

* magluma
* paluma

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluma/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lu‧ma

### Adjective

luma (accusative singular luman, plural lumaj, accusative plural lumajn)
* light, bright

#### Antonyms

* malluma

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.ma/, [ˈlu.mə]

### Verb

luma
* (intransitive) to drown

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse luma (“to keep closely, hold tight”). Perhaps akin to Danish lomme (“pocket”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlʏːma/
* Rhymes: -ʏːma

### Verb

luma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative lumaði, supine lumað)
* Used only in set phrases.

#### Derived terms

* luma á (“to keep something secretly; to have something up one's sleeve”)

## Kavalan
### Pronoun

luma
* (interrogative) why

## Lala (South Africa)
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Verb

-lúma
* to bite

## Latin
### Etymology

Uncertain; proposed derivations include:
* From a root common to Latvian lustes (“cheat grass”), Swedish losta (“cheat grass”) and Ancient Greek λάχνη (lákhnē, “woolly hair”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Cognates include Latin luctor (“I wrestle”), luxus (“dislocated”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”) and Old Norse lok (“weed, unwanted plant”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈluː.ma/, [ˈɫ̪uːmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlu.ma/, [ˈluːmä]

### Noun

lūma f (genitive lūmae); first declension
* A thorn

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* lūmārius
* lūmectum

### References

* “luma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* luma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “luma”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 831

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Verb

-lúma
* to bite

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Verb

-lúma
* to bite

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Slavomolisano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian lombo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lûmḁ/

### Noun

luma m
* loin

#### Declension
### References

* Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 393

## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Verb

-lúma
* to bite

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lúmaq (“old, worn out”). Compare Malay lama.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈlumaʔ/ [ˈluː.mɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -umaʔ
* Syllabification: lu‧ma

#### Adjective

lumà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ)
* old (of objects)
* worn; used; second-hand
    Synonyms: gamit, segunda-mano
* out of date; old-fashioned; antiquated
    Synonym: lipas
* remaining from the previous year (of harvested crops)
    Synonym: laon

##### Derived terms

* Lumang Tipan
* lumang tugtugin
* magluluma
* makaluma

##### See also

* matanda

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /luˈma/ [lʊˈma]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: lu‧ma

#### Adjective

lumá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ)
* reduced in volume or quantity (by pounding, chewing, grinding, etc.)

##### Derived terms

* lumahin
* maluma

### Anagrams

* ulam, mula

## Venda
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Verb

luma
* to bite

## Vlax Romani
### Noun

luma f
* Alternative form of lùmia

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [luːma]

### Verb

-lûma
* (transitive and intransitive) to bite

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ́ma.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /lûːma/

### Verb

-lûma
* (transitive and intransitive) to bite

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukuluma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuluma | ukungalumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | luma | -lume |
| Plural | lumani | -lumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaluma, ngiluma | engilumayo, engiluma | ngiluma | angilumi | engingalumi | ngingalumi |
| 2nd singular | uyaluma, uluma | olumayo, oluma | uluma | awulumi | ongalumi | ungalumi |
| 1st plural | siyaluma, siluma | esilumayo, esiluma | siluma | asilumi | esingalumi | singalumi |
| 2nd plural | niyaluma, niluma | enilumayo, eniluma | niluma | anilumi | eningalumi | ningalumi |
| Class 1 | uyaluma, uluma | olumayo, oluma | eluma | akalumi | ongalumi | engalumi |
| Class 2 | bayaluma, baluma | abalumayo, abaluma | beluma | abalumi | abangalumi | bengalumi |
| Class 3 | uyaluma, uluma | olumayo, oluma | uluma | awulumi | ongalumi | ungalumi |
| Class 4 | iyaluma, iluma | elumayo, eluma | iluma | ayilumi | engalumi | ingalumi |
| Class 5 | liyaluma, liluma | elilumayo, eliluma | liluma | alilumi | elingalumi | lingalumi |
| Class 6 | ayaluma, aluma | alumayo, aluma | eluma | awalumi | angalumi | engalumi |
| Class 7 | siyaluma, siluma | esilumayo, esiluma | siluma | asilumi | esingalumi | singalumi |
| Class 8 | ziyaluma, ziluma | ezilumayo, eziluma | ziluma | azilumi | ezingalumi | zingalumi |
| Class 9 | iyaluma, iluma | elumayo, eluma | iluma | ayilumi | engalumi | ingalumi |
| Class 10 | ziyaluma, ziluma | ezilumayo, eziluma | ziluma | azilumi | ezingalumi | zingalumi |
| Class 11 | luyaluma, luluma | olulumayo, oluluma | luluma | alulumi | olungalumi | lungalumi |
| Class 14 | buyaluma, buluma | obulumayo, obuluma | buluma | abulumi | obungalumi | bungalumi |
| Class 15 | kuyaluma, kuluma | okulumayo, okuluma | kuluma | akulumi | okungalumi | kungalumi |
| Class 17 | kuyaluma, kuluma | okulumayo, okuluma | kuluma | akulumi | okungalumi | kungalumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngilumile, ngilumē | engilumile, engilumē | ngilumile, ngilumē | angilumanga | engingalumanga | ngingalumanga |
| 2nd singular | ulumile, ulumē | olumile, olumē | ulumile, ulumē | awulumanga | ongalumanga | ungalumanga |
| 1st plural | silumile, silumē | esilumile, esilumē | silumile, silumē | asilumanga | esingalumanga | singalumanga |
| 2nd plural | nilumile, nilumē | enilumile, enilumē | nilumile, nilumē | anilumanga | eningalumanga | ningalumanga |
| Class 1 | ulumile, ulumē | olumile, olumē | elumile, elumē | akalumanga | ongalumanga | engalumanga |
| Class 2 | balumile, balumē | abalumile, abalumē | belumile, belumē | abalumanga | abangalumanga | bengalumanga |
| Class 3 | ulumile, ulumē | olumile, olumē | ulumile, ulumē | awulumanga | ongalumanga | ungalumanga |
| Class 4 | ilumile, ilumē | elumile, elumē | ilumile, ilumē | ayilumanga | engalumanga | ingalumanga |
| Class 5 | lilumile, lilumē | elilumile, elilumē | lilumile, lilumē | alilumanga | elingalumanga | lingalumanga |
| Class 6 | alumile, alumē | alumile, alumē | elumile, elumē | awalumanga | angalumanga | engalumanga |
| Class 7 | silumile, silumē | esilumile, esilumē | silumile, silumē | asilumanga | esingalumanga | singalumanga |
| Class 8 | zilumile, zilumē | ezilumile, ezilumē | zilumile, zilumē | azilumanga | ezingalumanga | zingalumanga |
| Class 9 | ilumile, ilumē | elumile, elumē | ilumile, ilumē | ayilumanga | engalumanga | ingalumanga |
| Class 10 | zilumile, zilumē | ezilumile, ezilumē | zilumile, zilumē | azilumanga | ezingalumanga | zingalumanga |
| Class 11 | lulumile, lulumē | olulumile, olulumē | lulumile, lulumē | alulumanga | olungalumanga | lungalumanga |
| Class 14 | bulumile, bulumē | obulumile, obulumē | bulumile, bulumē | abulumanga | obungalumanga | bungalumanga |
| Class 15 | kulumile, kulumē | okulumile, okulumē | kulumile, kulumē | akulumanga | okungalumanga | kungalumanga |
| Class 17 | kulumile, kulumē | okulumile, okulumē | kulumile, kulumē | akulumanga | okungalumanga | kungalumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāluma | engāluma | ngāluma | angilumanga | engingalumanga | ngingalumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāluma | owāluma | wāluma | awulumanga | ongalumanga | ungalumanga |
| 1st plural | sāluma | esāluma | sāluma | asilumanga | esingalumanga | singalumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāluma | enāluma | nāluma | anilumanga | eningalumanga | ningalumanga |
| Class 1 | wāluma | owāluma | āluma | akalumanga | ongalumanga | engalumanga |
| Class 2 | bāluma | abāluma | bāluma | abalumanga | abangalumanga | bengalumanga |
| Class 3 | wāluma | owāluma | wāluma | awulumanga | ongalumanga | ungalumanga |
| Class 4 | yāluma | eyāluma | yāluma | ayilumanga | engalumanga | ingalumanga |
| Class 5 | lāluma | elāluma | lāluma | alilumanga | elingalumanga | lingalumanga |
| Class 6 | āluma | āluma | āluma | awalumanga | angalumanga | engalumanga |
| Class 7 | sāluma | esāluma | sāluma | asilumanga | esingalumanga | singalumanga |
| Class 8 | zāluma | ezāluma | zāluma | azilumanga | ezingalumanga | zingalumanga |
| Class 9 | yāluma | eyāluma | yāluma | ayilumanga | engalumanga | ingalumanga |
| Class 10 | zāluma | ezāluma | zāluma | azilumanga | ezingalumanga | zingalumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāluma | olwāluma | lwāluma | alulumanga | olungalumanga | lungalumanga |
| Class 14 | bāluma | obāluma | bāluma | abulumanga | obungalumanga | bungalumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāluma | okwāluma | kwāluma | akulumanga | okungalumanga | kungalumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāluma | okwāluma | kwāluma | akulumanga | okungalumanga | kungalumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaluma | — | ngingaluma | ngingelume | — | ngingelume |
| 2nd singular | ungaluma | — | ungaluma | ungelume | — | ungelume |
| 1st plural | singaluma | — | singaluma | singelume | — | singelume |
| 2nd plural | ningaluma | — | ningaluma | ningelume | — | ningelume |
| Class 1 | angaluma | — | engaluma | angelume | — | engelume |
| Class 2 | bangaluma | — | bengaluma | bangelume | — | bengelume |
| Class 3 | ungaluma | — | ungaluma | ungelume | — | ungelume |
| Class 4 | ingaluma | — | ingaluma | ingelume | — | ingelume |
| Class 5 | lingaluma | — | lingaluma | lingelume | — | lingelume |
| Class 6 | angaluma | — | engaluma | angelume | — | engelume |
| Class 7 | singaluma | — | singaluma | singelume | — | singelume |
| Class 8 | zingaluma | — | zingaluma | zingelume | — | zingelume |
| Class 9 | ingaluma | — | ingaluma | ingelume | — | ingelume |
| Class 10 | zingaluma | — | zingaluma | zingelume | — | zingelume |
| Class 11 | lungaluma | — | lungaluma | lungelume | — | lungelume |
| Class 14 | bungaluma | — | bungaluma | bungelume | — | bungelume |
| Class 15 | kungaluma | — | kungaluma | kungelume | — | kungelume |
| Class 17 | kungaluma | — | kungaluma | kungelume | — | kungelume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoluma | engizoluma | ngizoluma | angizuluma | engingezuluma | ngingezuluma |
| 2nd singular | uzoluma | ozoluma | uzoluma | awuzuluma | ongezuluma | ungezuluma |
| 1st plural | sizoluma | esizoluma | sizoluma | asizuluma | esingezuluma | singezuluma |
| 2nd plural | nizoluma | enizoluma | nizoluma | anizuluma | eningezuluma | ningezuluma |
| Class 1 | uzoluma | ozoluma | ezoluma | akazuluma | ongezuluma | engezuluma |
| Class 2 | bazoluma | abazoluma | bezoluma | abazuluma | abangezuluma | bengezuluma |
| Class 3 | uzoluma | ozoluma | uzoluma | awuzuluma | ongezuluma | ungezuluma |
| Class 4 | izoluma | ezoluma | izoluma | ayizuluma | engezuluma | ingezuluma |
| Class 5 | lizoluma | elizoluma | lizoluma | alizuluma | elingezuluma | lingezuluma |
| Class 6 | azoluma | azoluma | ezoluma | awazuluma | angezuluma | engezuluma |
| Class 7 | sizoluma | esizoluma | sizoluma | asizuluma | esingezuluma | singezuluma |
| Class 8 | zizoluma | ezizoluma | zizoluma | azizuluma | ezingezuluma | zingezuluma |
| Class 9 | izoluma | ezoluma | izoluma | ayizuluma | engezuluma | ingezuluma |
| Class 10 | zizoluma | ezizoluma | zizoluma | azizuluma | ezingezuluma | zingezuluma |
| Class 11 | luzoluma | oluzoluma | luzoluma | aluzuluma | olungezuluma | lungezuluma |
| Class 14 | buzoluma | obuzoluma | buzoluma | abuzuluma | obungezuluma | bungezuluma |
| Class 15 | kuzoluma | okuzoluma | kuzoluma | akuzuluma | okungezuluma | kungezuluma |
| Class 17 | kuzoluma | okuzoluma | kuzoluma | akuzuluma | okungezuluma | kungezuluma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoluma | engiyoluma | ngiyoluma | angiyuluma | engingeyuluma | ngingeyuluma |
| 2nd singular | uyoluma | oyoluma | uyoluma | awuyuluma | ongeyuluma | ungeyuluma |
| 1st plural | siyoluma | esiyoluma | siyoluma | asiyuluma | esingeyuluma | singeyuluma |
| 2nd plural | niyoluma | eniyoluma | niyoluma | aniyuluma | eningeyuluma | ningeyuluma |
| Class 1 | uyoluma | oyoluma | eyoluma | akayuluma | ongeyuluma | engeyuluma |
| Class 2 | bayoluma | abayoluma | beyoluma | abayuluma | abangeyuluma | bengeyuluma |
| Class 3 | uyoluma | oyoluma | uyoluma | awuyuluma | ongeyuluma | ungeyuluma |
| Class 4 | iyoluma | eyoluma | iyoluma | ayiyuluma | engeyuluma | ingeyuluma |
| Class 5 | liyoluma | eliyoluma | liyoluma | aliyuluma | elingeyuluma | lingeyuluma |
| Class 6 | ayoluma | ayoluma | eyoluma | awayuluma | angeyuluma | engeyuluma |
| Class 7 | siyoluma | esiyoluma | siyoluma | asiyuluma | esingeyuluma | singeyuluma |
| Class 8 | ziyoluma | eziyoluma | ziyoluma | aziyuluma | ezingeyuluma | zingeyuluma |
| Class 9 | iyoluma | eyoluma | iyoluma | ayiyuluma | engeyuluma | ingeyuluma |
| Class 10 | ziyoluma | eziyoluma | ziyoluma | aziyuluma | ezingeyuluma | zingeyuluma |
| Class 11 | luyoluma | oluyoluma | luyoluma | aluyuluma | olungeyuluma | lungeyuluma |
| Class 14 | buyoluma | obuyoluma | buyoluma | abuyuluma | obungeyuluma | bungeyuluma |
| Class 15 | kuyoluma | okuyoluma | kuyoluma | akuyuluma | okungeyuluma | kungeyuluma |
| Class 17 | kuyoluma | okuyoluma | kuyoluma | akuyuluma | okungeyuluma | kungeyuluma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngilume | ngingalumi |
| 2nd singular | ulume | ungalumi |
| 1st plural | silume | singalumi |
| 2nd plural | nilume | ningalumi |
| Class 1 | alume | angalumi |
| Class 2 | balume | bangalumi |
| Class 3 | ulume | ungalumi |
| Class 4 | ilume | ingalumi |
| Class 5 | lilume | lingalumi |
| Class 6 | alume | angalumi |
| Class 7 | silume | singalumi |
| Class 8 | zilume | zingalumi |
| Class 9 | ilume | ingalumi |
| Class 10 | zilume | zingalumi |
| Class 11 | lulume | lungalumi |
| Class 14 | bulume | bungalumi |
| Class 15 | kulume | kungalumi |
| Class 17 | kulume | kungalumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaluma | ngangaluma, angaluma, angangaluma |
| 2nd singular | waluma | wangaluma, awaluma, awangaluma |
| 1st plural | saluma | sangaluma, asaluma, asangaluma |
| 2nd plural | naluma | nangaluma, analuma, anangaluma |
| Class 1 | waluma | wangaluma, akaluma, akangaluma |
| Class 2 | baluma | bangaluma, abaluma, abangaluma |
| Class 3 | waluma | wangaluma, awaluma, awangaluma |
| Class 4 | yaluma | yangaluma, ayaluma, ayangaluma |
| Class 5 | laluma | langaluma, alaluma, alangaluma |
| Class 6 | aluma | angaluma, awaluma, awangaluma |
| Class 7 | saluma | sangaluma, asaluma, asangaluma |
| Class 8 | zaluma | zangaluma, azaluma, azangaluma |
| Class 9 | yaluma | yangaluma, ayaluma, ayangaluma |
| Class 10 | zaluma | zangaluma, azaluma, azangaluma |
| Class 11 | lwaluma | lwangaluma, alwaluma, alwangaluma |
| Class 14 | baluma | bangaluma, abaluma, abangaluma |
| Class 15 | kwaluma | kwangaluma, akwaluma, akwangaluma |
| Class 17 | kwaluma | kwangaluma, akwaluma, akwangaluma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “luma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “luma (3.9)”