# 濤

| 濤 | U+6FE4, &#28644; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FE4 |
| ← 濣 [U+6FE3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濥 → [U+6FE5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濤 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水土弓戈 (EGNI), four-corner 3414$_1$, composition ⿰氵壽)

#### Derived characters

* 𤒵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 656, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18508
* Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1765, character 16
* Unihan data for U+6FE4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濤 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 禱 | *tuːʔ, *tuːs |
| 擣 | *tuːʔ |
| 檮 | *tuːʔ, *duː, *du |
| 壔 | *tuːʔ |
| 懤 | *tuːʔ, *du, *dus |
| 濤 | *duː, *duː |
| 燾 | *duː, *duːs |
| 翿 | *duː, *duːs |
| 幬 | *duːs, *du |
| 儔 | *duːs, *du |
| 譸 | *tu |
| 籌 | *du |
| 疇 | *du |
| 躊 | *du |
| 燽 | *du |
| 薵 | *du |
| 魗 | *tʰjuʔ, *dju |
| 醻 | *dju |
| 壽 | *djuʔ, *djus |
| 璹 | *djuʔ, *djuɡ |
| 鑄 | *tjos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *duː, *duː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tāo, táo
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠ, ㄊㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thò
* Eastern Min (BUC): dò̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tô / tô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiu$^5$ / tao$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$dau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tao
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^1$
*** Yale: tāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tau
*** Palladius: тао (tao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táo
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^2$
*** Yale: táu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
*** Palladius: тао (tao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$
*** Yale: tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
*** Hakka Romanization System: to$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /to⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
*** Tâi-lô: tô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /to²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tiu$^5$ / tao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiû / thâu
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiu⁵⁵/, /tʰau⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$dau
*** MiniDict: dau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$dau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɔ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒu̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: daw
Rime :
| Character | 濤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒刀切 |
| Baxter | daw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daw/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*duː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濤 | 濤 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11684 | 11686 |
| Phonetic component | 壽 | 壽 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陶 | 陶 |
| Old Chinese | /*duː/ | /*duː/ |

### Definitions

濤
* billows; large waves
* sound of the sea

### Compounds

* 弄濤 / 弄涛
* 怒濤 / 怒涛 (nùtāo)
* 怒濤排壑 / 怒涛排壑
* 推濤作浪 / 推涛作浪
* 林濤 / 林涛
* 松濤 / 松涛 (sōngtāo)
* 波濤 / 波涛 (bōtāo)
* 波濤洶湧 / 波涛汹涌 (bōtāoxiōngyǒng)
* 洪濤 / 洪涛 (hóngtāo)
* 浪濤 / 浪涛 (làngtāo)
* 海濤 / 海涛
* 浪濤澎湃 / 浪涛澎湃
* 濤生雲滅 / 涛生云灭
* 狂濤 / 狂涛
* 狂濤巨浪 / 狂涛巨浪
* 狂濤駭浪 / 狂涛骇浪
* 胥濤 / 胥涛
* 薛濤箋 / 薛涛笺
* 雲濤 / 云涛
* 駭浪驚濤 / 骇浪惊涛
* 驚濤拍岸 / 惊涛拍岸
* 驚濤駭浪 / 惊涛骇浪 (jīngtāohàilàng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 涛)
* waves, billows

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: なみ (nami, 濤)
* Nanori: なみ (nami)

#### Compounds

* 濤声(とうせい) (tōsei)
* 濤々(とうとう) (tōtō)
* 濤波(とうは) (tōha)
* 煙濤(えんとう) (entō)
* 海濤(かいとう) (kaitō)
* 巨濤(きょとう) (kyotō)
* 狂濤(きょうとう) (kyōtō)
* 驚濤(きょうとう) (kyōtō)
* 銀濤(ぎんとう) (gintō)
* 洪濤(こうとう) (kōtō)
* 松濤(しょうとう) (shōtō)
* 怒濤(どとう) (dotō)
** 狂瀾(きょうらん)怒濤(どとう) (kyōran dotō)
** 疾風(しっぷう)怒濤(どとう) (shippū dotō)
* 波濤(はとう) (hatō)
** 遠国(おんごく)波濤(どとう) (ongoku dotō)
* 風濤(ふうとう) (fūtō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 濤
* なみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 濤 – see the following entry. :
| 【波】3 | [kanji] third grade kanji Kanji reading: は, なみ, ぽ |
(This term, 濤, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濤 (MC daw). Recorded as Middle Korean 도 (two) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 濤 (eumhun 물결 도 (mulgyeol do))
* hanja form of 도 (“waves”)

#### Compounds

* 질풍노도 (疾風怒濤, jilpungnodo)
* 파도 (波濤, pado)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濤: Hán Nôm readings: đào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.