OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# dali-dali
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Reduplication of dali.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daˌliʔ daˈliʔ/ [d̪aˌl̪iʔ d̪aˈl̪iʔ]
* Hyphenation: da‧li‧da‧li

### Adjective

dalî-dalî
* in a hurry, in a rush
    Synonyms: apurado, kapag-kapag

#### Derived terms

* dali-dalian
* magdali-dali
* padali-dali
# afrolatino
## English
### Adjective

afrolatino (comparative more afrolatino, superlative most afrolatino)
* Alternative form of Afrolatino

## Spanish
### Etymology

From afro- +‎ latino.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /afɾolaˈtino/ [a.fɾo.laˈt̪i.no]
* Rhymes: -ino
* Syllabification: a‧fro‧la‧ti‧no

### Adjective

afrolatino (feminine afrolatina, masculine plural afrolatinos, feminine plural afrolatinas)
* Afro-Latino

### Noun

afrolatino m (plural afrolatinos, feminine afrolatina, feminine plural afrolatinas)
* Afro-Latino
# kabuoan
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* cabooan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
* kabuuan — superseded, pre-2014

### Etymology

From buo +‎ ka- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kabuʔoˈʔan/ [kɐ.bʊ.ʔoˈʔan̪]
** Rhymes: -an
* (now dialectal, Batangas, Quezon) IPA: /kabuˈʔoʔan/ [kɐ.bʊˈʔoː.ʔɐn̪]
** Rhymes: -oʔan
* Syllabification: ka‧bu‧o‧an

### Noun

kabuoán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜓᜂᜀᜈ᜔)
* entirety; totality; overall
    Synonyms: kalaguman, totalidad, kalahatan, kahustuhan, suma
* completeness; completion
    Synonym: kaganapan

#### Derived terms

* kabuoang-katawan
* sa kabuoan

#### See also

* lahat-lahat
* sumatoryo
* sumatotal

### Further reading

* “kabuoan”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “kabuuan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# adolescencija
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adolest͡sěnt͡sija/
* Hyphenation: a‧do‧les‧cen‧ci‧ja

### Noun

adolescèncija f (Cyrillic spelling адолесцѐнција)
* adolescence

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “adolescencija”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# 국한문
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 國漢文.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kukʰa̠nmun]
* Phonetic hangul: [구칸문]

### Noun

국한문 • (gukhanmun) (hanja 國漢文)
* hangul and hanja; mixed hangul and hanja text

#### Derived terms

* 국한문 논쟁 (gukhanmun nonjaeng)
* 국한문 혼용 (gukhanmun honyong)
* 국한문 혼용론 (gukhanmun honyongnon)
* 국한문 혼용체 (gukhanmun honyongche)
# প্রাত
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* প্রাতঃ (pratoḥ)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रातः (prātaḥ, “in the morning”, adverb).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /pɾat̪/, [ˈpɾat̪]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /pɹat̪/, [ˈpɹat̪]

### Noun

প্রাত • (prat)
* morning, morn, dawn
    ঊর্ধ্ব গগনে বাজে মাদল, নিম্নে উতলা ধরণী-তল, অরুণ প্রাতের তরুণ দল, চল রে চল রে চল!urddho gogone baje madol, nimne utola dhoroni-tol, orun prater torun dol, col re col re col!Madals are played in the upper skies, while the earth below runs restless — oh, the youth of the sunlit morning, come on, come on, come on!–Kazi Nazrul Islam
* beginning, start, inception

#### Derived terms

* প্রাতঃকর্ম (pratoḥkormo)
* প্রাতঃকাল (pratoḥkal)
* প্রাতঃকৃত্য (pratoḥkritto)
* প্রাতঃপান (pratoḥpan)
* প্রাতঃভ্রমণ (pratoḥbhromon)
* প্রাতঃস্মরণ (pratoḥśśõron)
* প্রাতঃস্মরণীয় (pratoḥśśõroniẏo)
* প্রাতরাশ (pratoraś)
* প্রাতর্ভূত (pratorbhut)
* প্রাতর্ভোজন (pratorbhōjon)
* প্রাতর্ভ্রমণ (pratorbhromon)
# ligwak
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* liguac — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /liɡˈwak/ [lɪɡˈwak̚]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: lig‧wak

### Noun

ligwák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜃ᜔)
* spilling from a container (of water or liquid)
    Synonyms: salwak, pagkasalwak, linggak, awak, alawak, awas
* liquid spilled from a container

#### Derived terms

* iligwak
* ligwakan
* lumigwak
* maligwak
* pagkaligwak

#### See also

* apaw

### Adjective

ligwák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜃ᜔)
* (figurative, slang) defeated; eliminated; failed
    Synonym: talo

### Further reading

* “ligwak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# pathogen
## English
### Etymology

From patho- +‎ -gen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: path‧o‧gen
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pathogen (plural pathogens)
* (pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.
    Synonym: infectious agent
** 2013 January, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist‎, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 9 February 2017, page 64:In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

#### Usage notes

In most contexts, the term pathogen is exclusively applied to infectious microorganisms, including viruses, and does not cover harmful substances such as asbestos or various toxins. Some authors reserve the term for the microorganisms that are the actual cause of an observed case of disease, so in this usage the same microorganism that is pathogenic in one host may not be categorized as a pathogen in another infected host.

#### Derived terms

* antipathogen
* biopathogen
* copathogen
* endopathogen
* enteropathogen
* entomopathogen
* exopathogen
* hemopathogen
* mycopathogen
* neuropathogen
* nonpathogen
* odontopathogen
* otopathogen
* pathogenesis
* pathogenesis
* pathogenic
* pathogenous
* pathogeny
* periodontopathogen
* periopathogen
* phytopathogen
* uropathogen
* zoopathogen

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* heptagon, phone tag

## German
### Etymology

From πάθος (páthos, “suffering, pain”) + -γενής (-genḗs, “producer of”). Equivalent to patho- + -gen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpatoˈɡeːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pa‧tho‧gen

### Adjective

pathogen (strong nominative masculine singular pathogener, comparative pathogener, superlative am pathogensten)
* pathogenic
    Synonym: krankheitserregend

#### Derived terms

* Pathogenität

### Further reading

* “pathogen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “pathogen” in Duden online
* “pathogen”, in Online-Wortschatz-Informationssystem Deutsch (in German), Mannheim: Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache, 2008–
* “pathogen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# re-trod
## English
### Verb

re-trod
* simple past of re-tread
# acquiescenza
## Italian
### Etymology

From acquiescente (“acquiescent”) +‎ -enza (“-ity, -ness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak.kwjeʃˈʃɛn.t͡sa/
* Rhymes: -ɛntsa
* Hyphenation: ac‧quie‧scèn‧za

### Noun

acquiescenza f (plural acquiescenze)
* acquiescence

#### Related terms

* acquiescente
* acquiescere
* quiescenza
# glantóir
## Irish
### Etymology

From glan (“to clean”) +‎ -óir (“agent suffix”)

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɡl̪ˠan̪ˠˈt̪ˠoːɾʲ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈɡlˠan̪ˠt̪ˠoːɾʲ/, /ˈɡl̪ˠan̪ˠt̪ˠoːɾʲ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈɡlˠan̪ˠt̪ˠɔɾʲ/, /ˈɡl̪ˠan̪ˠt̪ˠɔɾʲ/

### Noun

glantóir m (genitive singular glantóra, nominative plural glantóirí)
* cleaner (person; cleaning agent, detergent)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
glantóir
glantóirí
vocative
a ghlantóir
a ghlantóirí
genitive
glantóra
glantóirí
dative
glantóir
glantóirí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an glantóir
na glantóirí
genitive
an ghlantóra
na nglantóirí
dative
leis an nglantóir don ghlantóir
leis na glantóirí :

#### Derived terms

* folúsghlantóir m (“vacuum cleaner”)
* glantóir bróg m (“shoeblack”)
* glantóir fuinneog m (“window cleaner”)
* glantóir simléar m (“chimney sweep”)
* glantóir sráideanna m (“street-cleaner”)
* tirimghlantóir m (“dry cleaner”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “glantóir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# ஒன்று
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Proto-Dravidian *on-ṯu (“one”). Cognate with Malayalam ഒന്ന് (onnŭ), Kannada ಒಂದು (ondu) and Telugu ఒండు (oṇḍu), Tulu ಒಂಜಿ (oñji).

### Pronunciation

* (Tamil Nadu)
** (formal) IPA: /onrɯ/, [ondrɯ]
*** Audio:(file)
** (spoken) IPA: /onːɯ/ (ஒன்னு oṉṉu), /oɳːɯ/ (ஒண்ணு oṇṇu)
* (Sri Lanka, spoken and formal) IPA: /ondɯ/

### Numeral

ஒன்று • (oṉṟu)
* one

#### Synonyms

* ஓர் (ōr) (before vowels)
* ஒரு (oru) (before consonants)
* ஒருவன் (oruvaṉ, “one person”), ஒருத்தன் (oruttaṉ) (masculine)
* ஒருத்தி (orutti) (feminine)
* ஒற்றை (oṟṟai)
* ஒண்டி (oṇṭi)

#### Derived terms

* ஒற்றுமை (oṟṟumai)

### Article

ஒன்று • (oṉṟu)
* an, a
    Synonym: ஒரு (oru)

#### Usage notes

As an article, used after a noun, and inflected in the oblique cases (the noun it is referring to does not undergo declension).

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “ஒன்று”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# buladd
## Welsh
### Etymology

bu (“cow”) +‎ lladd (“killing”). Compare bulwg (“corncockle”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈbɨ̞lað/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈbiːlað/, /ˈbɪlað/

### Noun

buladd m
* cowbane, water hemlock (Cicuta virosa),

#### Synonyms

* cas gan fuwch
* cegid pumbys
* cegid y dŵr
* cegyr mawr
* pumustl

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* 1 2 R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “buladd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2003) Planhigion Blodeuol, Conwydd a Rhedyn [Flowering Plants, Conifers and Ferns] (Cyfres Enwau Creaduriaid a Planhigion; 2)‎ (in Welsh), Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, →ISBN, page 48‎
# 장미
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 薔薇 (“multiflora rose”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠ŋmi]
* Phonetic hangul: [장미]

#### Noun

장미 • (jangmi) (hanja 薔薇)
* rose (plant or flower), rosebush
    서양인들은 장미를 화초 중에 가장 높게 친다.Seoyang'in-deur-eun jangmi-reul hwacho jung-e gajang nopge chinda.Westerners consider the rose the most valuable of the flowers and herbs.

##### Derived terms

* 들장미 (deuljangmi, “multiflora rose”)
* 장미꽃 (jangmikkot, “rose flower”)
* 장밋빛 (jangmitbit, “rosy color; rosy”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 壯美, from 壯 (“robust, strong”) + 美 (“beautiful”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋmi]
* Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)미]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

장미 • (jangmi) (hanja 壯美)
* (literary) majestic beauty
    자금성의 장미(壯美) ― Jageumseong-ui jangmi ― the Forbidden City’s majestic beauty

##### Derived terms

* 장미(壯美)하다 (jangmihada)
# taṅhi
## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂ŋiiʔ (“sun, day”) (compare to Khmer ថ្ងៃ (thngay, “day”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taŋ.hi/
* Rhymes: -hi
* Hyphenation: taṅ‧hi

### Noun

taṅhi
* awake

#### Derived terms

* anaṅhi
* anaṅhya-naṅhyakĕn
* atataṅi
* ataṅhi
* ataṅi-taṅi
* kataṅhi
* kataṅhyan
* mataṅhi
* pataṅhi
* pataṅyan
* tinaṅhi

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)

### Further reading

* “taṅhi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# keeps one's nerve
## English
### Verb

keeps one's nerve
* third-person singular simple present indicative of keep one's nerve
# platinum blonde
## English
### Adjective

platinum blonde (not comparable)
* Alternative spelling of platinum blond A color of hair

### Noun

platinum blonde (plural platinum blondes)
* Alternative spelling of platinum blond A woman with platinum blonde hair.

#### Translations
### Synonyms

* atomic blonde
* titanium blonde

### Related terms

* atomic blonde
* dirty blonde
* honey blonde
* strawberry blonde
* titanium blonde
# flat-headed
## English
### Alternative forms

* flatheaded

### Etymology

From flat +‎ headed.

### Adjective

flat-headed (comparative more flat-headed, superlative most flat-headed)
* Having a flat head.

#### Derived terms

* flat-headed cat
* flat-headedness

#### Related terms

* flathead
* Flathead
# 凾

| 凾 | U+51FE, &#20990; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FE |
| ← 函 [U+51FD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 凿 → [U+51FF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

凾 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山弓口水 (UNRE), composition ⿶凵亟)

#### Derived characters

* 𠷭, 𡎕, 𡞿, 𢞊, 㴠, 𤠀, 𱀩, 𰯀, 𫀛, 𫒶, 𮪔, 𠚗, 𦴻, 𦋣, 𮅮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1830
* Dae Jaweon: page 303, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 309, character 12
* Unihan data for U+51FE

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 凾 – see 函 (“to include; box; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 函).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)
* Kun: はこ (hako, 凾)、いれる (ireru, 凾れる)

### Noun

凾(はこ) • (hako)
* Alternative form of 箱

## Korean
### Hanja

凾 (eum 함 (ham))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

凾: Hán Việt readings: hàm

### References

* Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
# poimia
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *poimidak. Akin to Estonian põimima, Karelian poimie, Livonian pȯimõ, Ludian poimida, Livvi poimie, Veps poimda and Votic põimia. Probably also related to Proto-Samic *poajmōtēk (whence Northern Sami boaibmut).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpoi̯miɑˣ/, [ˈpo̞i̯miɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oimiɑ
* Hyphenation: poi‧mia

### Verb

poimia
* (transitive) to pick
    Poimin marjoja.I pick berries.
* (transitive) to excerpt, extract (to take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book)

#### Derived terms

* poimielma
* poimija
* poimiminen
* poiminta
* poiminto
* poimu
* poimuri
* poimiskella
* poimittaa

### Further reading

* “poimia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* Paimio

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *poimidak. Cognates include Finnish poimia and Estonian põimida.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈpoi̯miɑ/, [ˈpo̞i̯me̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈpoi̯miɑ/, [ˈpo̞i̯miɑ]
* Rhymes: -oi̯meː, -oi̯miɑ
* Hyphenation: poi‧mi‧a

### Verb

poimia
* (transitive) to take out by its mesh

#### Derived terms

* poime
* poimipuikko
* poimu

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 420
# presiden
## Iban
### Etymology

Borrowed from English president.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɛˈsidən/

### Noun

presiden
* president

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch president, from Middle Dutch president, from Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”). Not inherited from Malay presiden, which is from English president.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /preˈsidɛn/ [preˈsi.dɛn]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -idɛn
* Syllabification: pre‧si‧den

### Noun

présidèn (plural presiden-presiden)
* president:
** (government, politics) the head of state of a republic, either in union with the head of government or separated from the head of government.
** (management) primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.

#### Derived terms

* kepresidenan
* wakil presiden

#### Related terms

* presidensi
* presidensial

### Further reading

* “presiden” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English president and Dutch president, from Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore) IPA: [prɛ.si.dən]
** Rhymes: -dən, -ən
** Hyphenation: prè‧si‧den
* (Indonesia) IPA: [prɛ.si.dɛn]
** Rhymes: -dɛn, -ɛn
** Hyphenation: prè‧si‧dèn

### Noun

presiden (Jawi spelling ڤريسيدن, plural presiden-presiden, informal 1st possessive presidenku, 2nd possessive presidenmu, 3rd possessive presidennya)
* A president:
** (government, politics) The head of state of a republic that is usually also the republic's head of government.
    presiden Amerika Syarikat ― president of the United States
    presiden Indonesia ― president of Indonesia
    presiden Perancis ― president of France
** (management) The head of a company, bank, firm, and so on.
    presiden Microsoft ― president of Microsoft

### Further reading

* “presiden” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Spanish
### Verb

presiden
* third-person plural present indicative of presidir

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English president.

### Noun

presiden
* president
# pewarisan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed waris +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.wa.ˈrɪs.an/
* Rhymes: -an
* Hyphenation: pê‧wa‧ris‧an

### Noun

pêwarisan (plural pewarisan-pewarisan)
* heredity
    Synonyms: hereditas, keturunan
    Synonyms: baka, keturunan (Standard Malay)
* inheritance:
** (biology, linguistics) the act or mechanism of inheriting; the state of having inherited.
** (biology, genetics) the biological attributes passed hereditarily from ancestors to their offspring.
** (information technology) the mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.

#### Derived terms

* pewarisan alosom
* pewarisan autosom
* pewarisan autosomal
* pewarisan campuran
* pewarisan dominan
* pewarisan ekatetua
* pewarisan ekstra nukleus
* pewarisan ekstranukleus
* pewarisan holandrik
* pewarisan induk
* pewarisan kebertandukan
* pewarisan matrikilin
* pewarisan matrilineal
* pewarisan Mendelian
* pewarisan partikulat
* pewarisan poligenik
* pewarisan resesif
* pewarisan silang-menyilang
* pewarisan silang-seling
* pewarisan siplasmik
* pewarisan sitoplasma
* pewarisan sitoplasmik
* pewarisan sosial
* pewarisan status
* pewarisan tertaut seks
* pewarisan tertaut Y
* pewarisan warna
* pola pewarisan

### Further reading

* “pewarisan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

waris +‎ peng- -an

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Malaysian) IPA: /pəwarisan/
* Rhymes: -risan, -isan, -san, -an
* Hyphenation: pe‧wa‧ris‧an

### Noun

pewarisan (Jawi spelling ڤواريثن, plural pewarisan-pewarisan, informal 1st possessive pewarisanku, 2nd possessive pewarisanmu, 3rd possessive pewarisannya)
* Inheritance; the act of inheriting something.
** (programming, object-oriented programming) The mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.
* succession

### Further reading

* “pewarisan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# ժպիրհ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ժպիրհ (žpirh)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʒəˈpiɾh/, [ʒəpíɾh]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʒəˈbiɾh/, [ʒəbíɾh]

### Adjective

ժպիրհ • (žpirh) (superlative ամենաժպիրհ)
* insolent, impudent

#### Derived terms

* ժպրհաբար (žprhabar)
* ժպրհական (žprhakan)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

According to Ačaṙean, borrowed from Iranian *aži-piθrā (literally “whose father is a snake”). For the constituents compare Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌 (aži, “snake”) and 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pitar, “father”), genitive 𐬞𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (piθrō).

### Adjective

ժպիրհ • (žpirh)
* insolent, impudent

#### Derived terms

* ժպրհեմ (žprhem)
* ժպրհերես (žprheres)
* ժպրհեցուցանեմ (žprhecʻucʻanem)
* ժպրհիմ (žprhim)
* ժպրհութիւն (žprhutʻiwn)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ժպիրհ (žpirh)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ժպիրհ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 234b
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “Haykakankʻ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 631–632
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “ժպիրհ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 840a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ժպիրհ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 239b
# llista negra
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈʎis.tə ˈnɛ.ɣɾə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈʎis.tə ˈnə.ɣɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈʎis.ta ˈne.ɣɾa]

### Noun

llista negra f (plural llistes negres)
* blacklist
# kısıntı
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قیصمق (ḳısmaḳ, “to catch, to pinch, to fold, to crease, to be stingy with money”), from Proto-Turkic *kïs- (“to squeeze, to restrain, to constrict, to limit the freedom of”), morphologically kıs- +‎ -ın +‎ -tı.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɯ.sɯnˈtɯ/
* Hyphenation: kı‧sın‧tı

### Noun

kısıntı (definite accusative kısıntıyı, plural kısıntılar)
* The act of being thrifty or cutting down on any necessity; restriction, curtailment, limitation.
    Synonym: (obsolete) tahdit

#### Derived terms

* kısıntı yapmak
* kısıntılı

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قیصمق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1508
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kıs-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “kısıntı”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# غەيرى
## Uyghur
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai غیر, from Persian غیرـ (ğeyr-e-), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr) + Persian ezafe. Cognate with Azerbaijani qeyri-, Turkish gayri- (Ottoman Turkish غیر (gayr-i)), Uzbek gʻayri-.

### Prefix

غەيرى • (gheyri)
* un-, non-, in-
    Synonym: ناـ (na-)

#### Derived terms

* غەيرى قانۇنىي (gheyri qanuniy)
* غەيرى ھۆكۈمەت (gheyri hökümet)

#### Related terms

* غەير (gheyr)
* غەيرىي (gheyriy)
# chwaraegar
## Welsh
### Etymology

chwarae (“play”) +‎ -gar

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /χwaˈreɨ̯ɡar/
* (South Wales) IPA: /χwaˈrei̯ɡar/

### Adjective

chwaraegar (feminine singular chwaraegar, plural chwaraegar, equative mor chwaraegar, comparative mwy chwaraegar, superlative mwyaf chwaraegar, not mutable)
* playful
    Synonym: chwareus
* lively
    Synonyms: bywiog, nwyfus

#### Derived terms

* chwaraegarwch (“playfulness”)

### References

* Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “chwaraegar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies