# τάριχος
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tá.riː.kʰos/ → /ˈta.ri.xos/ → /ˈta.ri.xos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tá.riː.kʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈta.ri.kʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈta.ri.xos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈta.ri.xos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈta.ri.xos/

### Etymology 1

According to Lagarde, borrowed from an Old Armenian predecessor of Middle Armenian տարեխ (tarex, “Van fish”), which would correspond to the famous export of salted Van fish from Armenia, but the borrowing is rather in the opposite direction because the Armenian term is late and sporadically used; besides the meaning appears more general in Greek. However it can still be of Anatolian – according to Beekes Pre-Greek – origin and has been put together by Puhvel with the Homeric Ancient Greek ταρχύω (tarkhúō, “to bury like a god or hero”) used for the Lycian last rites, Hesychian ταρχάνιον (tarkhánion, “funeral feast”), τέρχανον (térkhanon), τάρχανον (tárkhanon, “grief”) and connected to Lycian [script needed] (trqqas /⁠*tarḫants⁠/, “god”), Milyan [script needed] (trqqiz /⁠*tarḫints⁠/, “god”), Luwian [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (tarḫu(nt), “the storm-god”); a mummy would be a dead-body preserved for or reserved for the gods.

#### Alternative forms

* τᾰ́ρῑχον (tắrīkhon)

#### Noun

τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) m (genitive τᾰρῑ́χου); second declension τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) n (genitive τᾰρῑ́χεος or τᾰρῑ́χους); third declension
* dead body preserved by embalming, mummy
    Synonym: σκελετός (skeletós)
* meat preserved by salting, pickling, drying, or smoking, especially dried or smoked fish
* (figuratively, of a stupid fellow) a stockfish

##### Derived terms

* Ταριχᾶνες (Tarikhânes)
* ταριχᾶς (tarikhâs)
* ταριχεία (tarikheía)
* ταριχεῖον (tarikheîon)
* ταριχέλαιον (tarikhélaion)
* ταριχέμπορος (tarikhémporos)
* ταριχεύς (tarikheús)
* ταρίχευσις (taríkheusis)
* ταριχευτήρ (tarikheutḗr)
* ταριχευτής (tarikheutḗs)
* ταριχευτικός (tarikheutikós)
* ταριχευτός (tarikheutós)
* ταριχεύω (tarikheúō)
* ταριχηγός (tarikhēgós)
* ταριχηΐη (tarikhēḯē)
* ταριχηρός (tarikhērós)
* ταρίχιον (taríkhion)
* ταριχόπλεως (tarikhópleōs)
* ταριχοποιέω (tarikhopoiéō)
* ταριχοπράτισσα (tarikhoprátissa)
* ταριχοπωλέω (tarikhopōléō)
* ταριχοπώλης (tarikhopṓlēs)
* ταριχοπώλιον (tarikhopṓlion)
* ταριχοφαγία (tarikhophagía)
* ταριχώτης (tarikhṓtēs)

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: طِرِّيخ (ṭirrīḵ)
* → Classical Syriac: ܛܳܐܪܻܝܟܳܐ (ṭārīḵa), ܛܪܟܘܣ (ṭarḵōs)
* → Coptic: ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲣⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ (pitarikhion)
** → Arabic: بُطَارِخ (buṭāriḵ), بَطْرَخ (baṭraḵ), بَطْرُوخ (baṭrūḵ) (see there for further descendants)
* → Latin: taricius, taricus, tarichus
* → Middle Armenian: տարեխ (tarex)
** Armenian: տառեխ (taṙex)
*** → English: tarek
*** → Northern Kurdish: darex
*** → Russian: таре́х (taréx)
*** → Turkish: darık
* → Ottoman Turkish: ترخوس (tarhos), طرهوس (tarhos), طرخوز (tarhoz)

#### References

* “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տառեխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 377ab
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 383
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 511, the Armenian translator did not use տառեխ (taṙex) when translating τεταριχευμένος (tetarikheuménos) in Eusebius' Chronicon, which means it did not exist in the Classical period
* Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 48 Nr. 121
* Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, page 150 Nr. 2205
* Lagarde, Paul de (1887) Mittheilungen (in German), volume 2, Göttingen: Dieterichsche Sortimentsbuchhandlung, pages 12–15
* Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P.‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 241b, to Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 2731
* Petrosyan, Armen (2015) Problems of Armenian Prehistory. Myth, Language, History, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 118
* Puhvel, Jaan (1965) Werner Winter, editor, Evidence for Laryngeals (Janua Linguarum: Studia memoriae Nicolai van Wijk Dedicata. Series maior; XI), The Hague, London, Paris: Mouton & Co., pages 84–86

### Etymology 2

Conversion of the former.

#### Adjective

τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tắrīkhos) m or f (neuter τᾰ́ρῑχον); second declension
* Synonym of τᾰρῑχευτός (tărīkheutós, “salted, pickled”)
** 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 12.6

##### Declension
#### References

* “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press