# gréas
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁe.a/ ~ /ɡʁe.ɑ/
* Homophones: gréa, gréât

### Verb

gréas
* second-person singular past historic of gréer

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɟɾiasˠ/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ɟɾeːsˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish grés (“handicraft”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *gʷrensu-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”). The sense evolution would have been from "heat" to "zeal" and finally to "work."

#### Noun

gréas m (genitive singular gréasa, nominative plural gréasa or gréasanna)
* ornamental work; ornament, ornamentation
* decorative design, pattern, figure (on cloth, etc.)
* needlework, embroidery
* (literary, artistic) composition

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
gréas
gréasa
vocative
a ghréas
a ghréasa
genitive
gréasa
gréas
dative
gréas
gréasa
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an gréas
na gréasa
genitive
an ghréasa
na ngréas
dative
leis an ngréas don ghréas
leis na gréasa :
* Variant plural: gréasanna

##### Derived terms

* gréasach
* gréasaí
* gréasaigh
* gréasán
* gréasobair

##### Related terms

* gréasaíocht
* gréasú

#### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷrīns-/*gʷrenso-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

gréas (present analytic gréasann, future analytic gréasfaidh, verbal noun gréasadh, past participle gréasta)
* (transitive) Alternative form of gréasaigh (“ornament, embroider; decorate with pattern”)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | gréasaim | gréasann tú; gréasair$^†$ | gréasann sé, sí | gréasaimid | gréasann sibh | gréasann siad; gréasaid$^†$ | a ghréasann; a ghréasas / a ngréasann* | gréastar |
| indicative | past | ghréas mé; ghréasas | ghréas tú; ghréasais | ghréas sé, sí | ghréasamar; ghréas muid | ghréas sibh; ghréasabhair | ghréas siad; ghréasadar | a ghréas / ar ghréas* | gréasadh |
| indicative | past habitual | ghréasainn / ngréasainn‡‡ | ghréastá / ngréastá‡‡ | ghréasadh sé, sí / ngréasadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghréasaimis; ghréasadh muid / ngréasaimis‡‡; ngréasadh muid‡‡ | ghréasadh sibh / ngréasadh sibh‡‡ | ghréasaidís; ghréasadh siad / ngréasaidís‡‡; ngréasadh siad‡‡ | a ghréasadh / a ngréasadh* | ghréastaí / ngréastaí‡‡ |
| future | future | gréasfaidh mé; gréasfad | gréasfaidh tú; gréasfair$^†$ | gréasfaidh sé, sí | gréasfaimid; gréasfaidh muid | gréasfaidh sibh | gréasfaidh siad; gréasfaid$^†$ | a ghréasfaidh; a ghréasfas / a ngréasfaidh* | gréasfar |
| conditional | conditional | ghréasfainn / ngréasfainn‡‡ | ghréasfá / ngréasfá‡‡ | ghréasfadh sé, sí / ngréasfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghréasfaimis; ghréasfadh muid / ngréasfaimis‡‡; ngréasfadh muid‡‡ | ghréasfadh sibh / ngréasfadh sibh‡‡ | ghréasfaidís; ghréasfadh siad / ngréasfaidís‡‡; ngréasfadh siad‡‡ | a ghréasfadh / a ngréasfadh* | ghréasfaí / ngréasfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngréasa mé; go ngréasad$^†$ | go ngréasa tú; go ngréasair$^†$ | go ngréasa sé, sí | go ngréasaimid; go ngréasa muid | go ngréasa sibh | go ngréasa siad; go ngréasaid$^†$ | — | go ngréastar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngréasainn | dá ngréastá | dá ngréasadh sé, sí | dá ngréasaimis; dá ngréasadh muid | dá ngréasadh sibh | dá ngréasaidís; dá ngréasadh siad | — | dá ngréastaí |
| imperative | imperative | gréasaim | gréas | gréasadh sé, sí | gréasaimis | gréasaigí; gréasaidh$^†$ | gréasaidís | — | gréastar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh | gréasadh |
| past participle | past participle | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta | gréasta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Derived terms

* gréasta (“ornamented, embroidered, patterned”, adjective)

#### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gréas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 grés”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.