# 級

| 級 | U+7D1A, &#32026; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D1A |
| ← 紙 [U+7D19] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紛 → [U+7D1B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 級 |
| Simplified | 级 |
| Japanese | 級 |
| Korean | 級 |

### Alternative forms

* In modern Chinese scripts, the radical component on the left is written 糹 (three dots below 幺).
* In Japanese kanji and Korean hanja, the radical component on the left is written 糸 (小 below 幺 but the middle stroke of 小 is written with a 丨 vertical stroke without bottom hook), which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
* In traditional Chinese and Korean hanja, the 及 component on the right contains 又, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
* In mainland China (for the traditional form based on Xin Zixing (新字形)), Japanese kanji and Vietnamese Nôm, the 及 component on the right does not contain 又 and is written in 3 strokes (丿 followed by ⿱乛乛 and ㇏).

### Han character

級 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 糸+3 in mainland China and Japanese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 女火弓竹水 (VFNHE), four-corner 2794$_7$, composition ⿰糹及)

#### Derived characters

* 𠺻, 𢲩(𫼾)

#### Related characters

* 级 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27294
* Dae Jaweon: page 1348, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3366, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7D1A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 級 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 趿 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 鈒 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb |
| 靸 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb |
| 馺 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 砐 | *ŋɡɯːb |
| 魥 | *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab |
| 扱 | *skʰrɯːb |
| 笈 | *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb |
| 衱 | *ɡrab, *kab |
| 极 | *ɡrab, *ɡab |
| 昅 | *ɡab |
| 雭 | *sqʰrɯb |
| 急 | *krɯb |
| 級 | *krɯb |
| 汲 | *krɯb |
| 芨 | *krɯb |
| 伋 | *krɯb |
| 彶 | *krɯb |
| 及 | *ɡrɯb |
| 岌 | *ŋɡrɯb |
| 吸 | *qʰrɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯb) : semantic 糹 (“thread”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb). According to Shuowen Jiezi, the original meaning was referred to a "sequence" related to silk (絲的次第), however Xu Shen didn't specify the exact kind of sequence he was talking about.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jí (ji$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kap$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): kok$^7$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kip$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kip / khip
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kib$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): gĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): keh$^6$ / kih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kip / khip
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kib$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kib$^4$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): kap$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^7$ciq / $^7$cieoq
** (Jinhua): $^7$ciq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kap$^1$
*** Yale: kāp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kap$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keb$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐp̚⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: kok$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔk̚⁴⁴/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kip$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kip / khip
*** Hakka Romanization System: gib$^ˋ$ / kib$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gib$^5$ / kib$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kip̚²/, /kʰip̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kib$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰip̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ki²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngék
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: keh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: keh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiʔ²/
* keh6 - vernacular;
* kih6 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kip
Rime :
| Character | 級 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (142) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居立切 |
| Baxter | kip |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gap$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əp/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 級 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kip › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)əp/ |
| English | degree, grade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 級 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5659 |
| Phonetic component | 及 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 急 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯb/ |

#### Definitions

級
* level; rank; grade; class
    電影三級制／电影三级制 [Cantonese] ― din$^6$ jing$^2$ saam$^1$ kap$^1$ zai$^3$ [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong motion picture rating system (literally three-category film rating system)
* (education) grade; form
    同級不同班／同级不同班 ― tóng jí bù tóng bān ― to be in the same grade but different classes
* step
    拾級而上／拾级而上 ― shíjí'érshàng ― to walk slowly up a flight of steps
* (literary) beheaded head
* Classifier for steps.
* Classifier for level, ranks, grades, etc..

##### Synonyms

* (grade; form):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 年級, 級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 年級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 年級 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 號 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 年班, 年級 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 年生, 年級 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 年生, 年級 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 年生, 年級 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 年生, 年級 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 年生, 年級 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 年生, 年級 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 年級 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 年級 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 年級 |

#### Compounds

* 一級傳播 / 一级传播
* 一階半級 / 一阶半级
* 下層階級 / 下层阶级
* 下級 / 下级 (xiàjí)
* 上級 / 上级 (shàngjí)
* 三級 / 三级 (sānjí)
* 三級片 / 三级片
* 三級跳 / 三级跳 (sānjítiào)
* 三級跳遠 / 三级跳远 (sānjítiàoyuǎn)
* 世界級 / 世界级 (shìjièjí)
* 中產階級 / 中产阶级 (zhōngchǎn jiējí)
* 中級 / 中级 (zhōngjí)
* 低年級 / 低年级
* 低級 / 低级 (dījí)
* 低級趣味 / 低级趣味 (dījí qùwèi)
* 保護級 / 保护级
* 六陽首級 / 六阳首级
* 冪級數 / 幂级数
* 分級 / 分级 (fēnjí)
* 初級 / 初级 (chūjí)
* 初級中學 / 初级中学 (chūjí zhōngxué)
* 初級團體 / 初级团体
* 初級小學 / 初级小学
* 初級關係 / 初级关系
* 副省級 / 副省级 (fùshěngjí)
* 加級 / 加级
* 勛級 / 勋级
* 升級 / 升级 (shēngjí)
* 升級換代 / 升级换代
* 原級 / 原级
* 同級 / 同级 (tóngjí)
* 品級 / 品级 (pǐnjí)
* 四級 / 四级 (sìjí)
* 四級片 / 四级片
* 國寶級 / 国宝级
* 大師級 / 大师级
* 奸詐不級 / 奸诈不级
* 學級 / 学级 (xuéjí)
* 審級 / 审级
* 層級 / 层级 (céngjí)
* 工商階級 / 工商阶级
* 年級 / 年级 (niánjí)
* 幾何級數 / 几何级数 (jǐhé jíshù)
* 找踏級 / 找踏级
* 拾級 / 拾级
* 拾級而上 / 拾级而上 (shèjí'érshàng)
* 擲級承矛 / 掷级承矛
* 晉級 / 晋级 (jìnjí)
* 普遍級 / 普遍级
* 有產階級 / 有产阶级 (yǒuchǎn jiējí)
* 梯級 / 梯级 (tījí)
* 次級 / 次级 (cìjí)
* 次級團體 / 次级团体
* 次級文化 / 次级文化
* 次級資料 / 次级资料
* 灰度等級 / 灰度等级
* 無產階級 / 无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)
* 無窮級數 / 无穷级数 (wúqióng jíshù)
* 特級 / 特级 (tèjí)
* 班級 / 班级 (bānjí)
* 甲級戰犯 / 甲级战犯 (jiǎjí zhànfàn)
* 甲級流氓 / 甲级流氓
* 留級 / 留级 (liújí)
* 留級生 / 留级生
* 當牢節級 / 当牢节级
* 白領階級 / 白领阶级
* 知識階級 / 知识阶级
* 石級 / 石级 (shíjí)
* 社會階級 / 社会阶级 (shèhuì jiējí)
* 等差級數 / 等差级数
* 等級 / 等级 (děngjí)
* 節級 / 节级
* 算術級數 / 算术级数
* 級任 / 级任 (jírèn)
* 級任制 / 级任制
* 級任導師 / 级任导师
* 級任老師 / 级任老师
* 級別 / 级别 (jíbié)
* 級數 / 级数 (jíshù)
* 級會 / 级会 (jíhuì)
* 級次 / 级次
* 級距 / 级距
* 級長 / 级长 (jízhǎng)
* 羽量級 / 羽量级
* 職級 / 职级
* 自動升級 / 自动升级
* 芮氏級度 / 芮氏级度
* 蒲福風級 / 蒲福风级
* 藍領階級 / 蓝领阶级
* 蠅級 / 蝇级
* 資產階級 / 资产阶级 (zīchǎn jiējí)
* 越級 / 越级 (yuèjí)
* 超級 / 超级 (chāojí)
* 超級市場 / 超级市场 (chāojí shìchǎng)
* 超級強國 / 超级强国
* 超級瑪琍 / 超级玛琍
* 超級颱風 / 超级台风
* 跳級 / 跳级 (tiàojí)
* 路面等級 / 路面等级
* 輔導級 / 辅导级
* 進級 / 进级 (jìnjí)
* 重量級 / 重量级 (zhòngliàngjí)
* 限制級 / 限制级
* 降級 / 降级 (jiàngjí)
* 降級數 / 降级数
* 階級 / 阶级 (jiējí)
* 階級意識 / 阶级意识
* 階級敵人 / 阶级敌人
* 階級矛盾 / 阶级矛盾
* 階級鬥爭 / 阶级斗争 (jiējí dòuzhēng)
* 震級 / 震级 (zhènjí)
* 風級 / 风级
* 首級 / 首级 (shǒují)
* 高級 / 高级 (gāojí)
* 高級中學 / 高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué)
* 高級官員 / 高级官员
* 高級汽油 / 高级汽油
* 齡級 / 龄级

### Etymology 2

From English cup.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): kap$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kap$^1$
*** Yale: kāp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kap$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keb$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐp̚⁵/

#### Definitions

級
* (Cantonese) cup; cup size

#### Compounds

* 級數 / 级数 (kap$^1$ sou$^3$) (Cantonese)

### References

* “級”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 級 |
| Kyūjitai | 級󠄁 級+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 級󠄃 級+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: くび (kubi, 級)、しな (shina, 級)
* Nanori: しな (shina)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 級
* きゅう Grade: 3
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* Q
/kipu/ → /kiɸu/ → */kiwu/ → /kiu/ → /kyuː/.
From Middle Chinese 級 (MC kip).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゅう [kyúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲɨː]

### Noun

級(きゅう) • (kyū)
* rank
* (school) a class
* (typography) a unit equal to 1 H (ha) and 0.25 mm, abbreviated as Q, which happens to be the initial of English quarter; Q is used for font size, while ha is used for spacing

#### Derived terms

* 階級(かいきゅう) (kaikyū)
* 下級(かきゅう) (kakyū)
* 級数(きゅうすう) (kyūsū)
* 高級(こうきゅう) (kōkyū)
* 最上級(さいじょうきゅう) (saijōkyū)
* 収束級数(しゅうそくきゅうすう) (shūsokukyūsū)
* 上級(じょうきゅう) (jōkyū)
* 進級(しんきゅう) (shinkyū)
* 調和級数(ちょうわきゅうすう) (chōwakyūsū)
* 等級(とうきゅう) (tōkyū)
* 同級生(どうきゅうせい) (dōkyūsei)
* 等差級数(とうさきゅうすう) (tōsakyūsū)
* 等比級数(とうひきゅうすう) (tōhikyūsū)
* 比較級(ひかくきゅう) (hikakukyū)
* 無限級数(むげんきゅうすう) (mugenkyūsū)

### References

* ↑ “級”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɯp̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [급]

### Hanja

Wikisource 級 (eumhun 등급 급 (deunggeup geup))
* hanja form of 급 (“level; grade”)

#### Compounds

* 等級 (등급)
* 首級 (수급)
* 一級 (일급)
* 梯級 (제급)

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

級: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, cóp, khớp, cụp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation