# 化学
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 化学 – see 化學 (“study of change/transformations; chemistry; celluloid; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 化學).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 化 | 学 |
| か Grade: 3 | がく Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 化學 (kyūjitai)
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學 / 化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”).
Apparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual Wang Tao. First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by 川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin).
Superseded older term 舎密 (seimi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かがく [káꜜgàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

化(か)学(がく) • (kagaku)
* [from 1860] chemistry (branch of natural science)

##### Derived terms

* 化(か)学剤(がくざい) (kagakuzai, “chemical agent”)
* 化(か)学式(がくしき) (kagakushiki, “chemical formula”)
* 化(か)学者(がくしゃ) (kagakusha, “chemist”)
* 化(か)学戦(がくせん) (kagakusen, “chemical warfare”)
* 化(か)学線(がくせん) (kagakusen, “actinic rays”)
* 化(か)学品(がくひん) (kagakuhin, “chemical, chemical product”)
* 化(か)学的(がくてき) (kagakuteki, “chemical”, adjective)
* 化(か)学(がく)吸着(きゅうちゃく) (kagaku kyūchaku, “chemisorb”)
* 化(か)学(がく)結合(けつごう) (kagaku ketsugō, “chemical bond”)
* 化(か)学(がく)研(けん)磨(ま) (kagaku kenma, “chemical polishing”)
* 化(か)学(がく)工学(こうがく) (kagaku kōgaku, “chemical engineering”)
* 化(か)学(がく)工(こう)業(ぎょう) (kagaku kōgyō, “chemical industry”)
* 化(か)学(がく)攻撃(こうげき) (kagaku kōgeki, “chemical attack”)
* 化(か)学(がく)構造(こうぞう) (kagaku kōzō, “chemical structure”)
* 化(か)学(がく)合成(ごうせい) (kagaku gōsei, “chemosynthesis”)
* 化(か)学(がく)作(さ)用(よう) (kagaku sayō, “chemical action”)
* 化(か)学(がく)試(し)験(けん) (kagaku shiken, “chemical test”)
* 化(か)学(がく)進(しん)化(か) (kagaku shinka, “chemical evolution”)
* 化(か)学(がく)製品(せいひん) (kagaku seihin, “chemical”)
* 化(か)学(がく)繊(せん)維(い) (kagaku sen'i, “synthetic fibers”)
* 化(か)学(がく)天秤(てんびん) (kagaku tenbin, “chemical balance”)
* 化(か)学(がく)当(とう)量(りょう) (kagaku tōryō, “chemical equivalent”)
* 化(か)学(がく)発光(はっこう) (kagaku hakkō, “chemoluminescence”)
* 化(か)学(がく)反応(はんのう) (kagaku hannō, “chemical reaction”)
* 化(か)学(がく)肥(ひ)料(りょう) (kagaku hiryō, “chemical fertilizer”)
* 化(か)学(がく)物質(ぶっしつ) (kagaku busshitsu, “chemical substances”)
* 化(か)学(がく)分析(ぶんせき) (kagaku bunseki, “chemical analysis”)
* 化(か)学(がく)兵(へい)器(き) (kagaku heiki, “chemical weapons”)
* 化(か)学(がく)平衡(へいこう) (kagaku heikō, “chemical equilibrium”)
* 化(か)学(がく)変(へん)化(か) (kagaku henka, “chemical change”)
* 化(か)学(がく)薬品(やくひん) (kagaku yakuhin, “chemicals”)
* 化(か)学(がく)療(りょう)法(ほう) (kagaku ryōhō, “chemotherapy”)
* 化(か)学(がく)エネルギー (kagaku enerugī, “chemical energy”)
* 化(か)学(がく)ポテンシャル (kagaku potensharu, “chemical potential”)
* 化(か)学調(がくちょう)味(み)料(りょう) (kagaku chōmiryō, “chemical seasoning”)
* 化(か)学熱力学(がくねつりきがく) (kagaku netsurikigaku, “chemical thermodynamics”)
* 化(か)学反応式(がくはんのうしき) (kagaku-hannōshiki, “reaction formula”)
* 化(か)学物(がくぶつ)理(り)学(がく) (kagaku butsurigaku, “chemical physics”)
* 化(か)学方(がくほう)程(てい)式(しき) (kagaku hōteishiki, “chemical equation”)
* 化(か)学汚(がくお)染災害(せんさいがい) (kagaku osen saigai, “chemical contamination disaster”)
* 化(か)学浸透(がくしんとう)圧説(あつせつ) (kagaku shintō-atsusetsu, “chemiosmotic hypothesis”)
* 化(か)学伝達物質(がくでんたつぶっしつ) (kagaku dentatsu busshitsu, “chemotransmitter”)
* 化(か)学兵(がくへい)器禁(ききん)止条(しじょう)約(やく) (kagaku heiki kinshi jōyaku, “chemical weapons ban treaty”)
* 医化(いか)学(がく) (ikagaku, “medical chemistry”)
* 光(こう)化(か)学(がく) (kōkagaku, “photochemistry”)
* 生(せい)化(か)学(がく) (seikagaku, “biochemistry”)
* 理化(りか)学(がく) (rikagaku, “physics and chemistry”)
* 応用(おうよう)化(か)学(がく) (ōyō kagaku, “applied chemistry”)
* 界面(かいめん)化(か)学(がく) (kaimen kagaku, “surface chemistry”)
* 計算(けいさん)化(か)学(がく) (keisan kagaku, “computational chemistry”)
* 工(こう)業(ぎょう)化(か)学(がく) (kōgyō kagaku, “industrial chemistry”)
* 合成(ごうせい)化(か)学(がく) (gōsei kagaku, “synthetic chemistry”)
* 生物(せいぶつ)化(か)学(がく) (seibutsu kagaku, “biochemistry”)
* 石(せき)油(ゆ)化(か)学(がく) (sekiyu kagaku, “petrochemistry”)
* 地(ち)球(きゅう)化(か)学(がく) (chikyū kagaku, “geochemistry”)
* 電(でん)気(き)化(か)学(がく) (denki kagaku, “electrochemistry”)
* 農芸(のうげい)化(か)学(がく) (nōgei kagaku, “agricultural chemistry”)
* 物(ぶつ)理(り)化(か)学(がく) (butsuri kagaku, “physical chemistry”)
* 分析(ぶんせき)化(か)学(がく) (bunseki kagaku, “analytical chemistry”)
* 無機(むき)化(か)学(がく) (muki kagaku, “inorganic chemistry”)
* 有(ゆう)機(き)化(か)学(がく) (yūki kagaku, “organic chemistry”)
* 立体(りったい)化(か)学(がく) (rittai kagaku, “stereochemistry”)
* 量(りょう)子(し)化(か)学(がく) (ryōshi kagaku, “quantum chemistry”)
* 理(り)論(ろん)化(か)学(がく) (riron kagaku, “theoretical chemistry”)
* 宇(う)宙(ちゅう)化(か)学(がく) (uchū kagaku, “cosmochemistry”)
* コロイド化(か)学(がく) (koroido kagaku, “colloid chemistry”)
* 精密(せいみつ)化(か)学品(がくひん) (seimitsu kagakuhin, “fine chemical”)
* ノーベル化(か)学(がく)賞(しょう) (nōberu-kagakushō, “Nobel Prize in Chemistry”)
* ガス化(か)学工(がくこう)業(ぎょう) (gasu kagaku kōgyō, “gas chemical industry”)
* 合成(ごうせい)化(か)学工(がくこう)業(ぎょう) (gōsei kagaku kōgyō, “synthetic chemical industry”)
* 生物(せいぶつ)化(か)学兵(がくへい)器(き) (seibutsu kagaku heiki, “biological and chemical weapons”)
* 高(こう)分(ぶん)子(し)化(か)学(がく) (kōbunshi kagaku, “high polymer chemistry”)
* 分(ぶ)子(んし)進(しん)化(か)学(がく) (bunshi-shinkagaku, “molecular evolution”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 化 | 学 |
| ば(け) Grade: 3 | がく Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 化學 (kyūjitai)
Reanalysis of 化学 (kagaku), as a compound of 化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) +‎ 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical 科学 (kagaku, “science”).
First cited to a 1967 novel by 大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばけがく [bàkéꜜgàkù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ba̠ke̞ɡa̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

化(ばけ)学(がく) • (bakegaku)
* [from 1967] chemistry (branch of natural science)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 “化学”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “化学”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months