OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# éisteacht
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* éisteach, éisteachán
* éisdeach, éisdeachd, éisdeacht, éisdiocht, éisteachd, éistiocht (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Irish étsecht, éstecht (“hearing”), verbal noun of in·túaisi (“to listen”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /ˈeːʃtʲəxt̪ˠ/
* (Mayo) IPA: /ˈeʃtʲəxt̪ˠ/ (as if spelled eisteacht)
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈeːʃtʲa(x)t̪ˠ/, [ˈei̯ʃtʲa(x)t̪ˠ]

### Noun

éisteacht f (genitive singular éisteachta, nominative plural éisteachtaí)
* (uncountable) verbal noun of éist
* (uncountable) hearing (sense; earshot)
* (law, countable) hearing

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
éisteacht
éisteachtaí
vocative
a éisteacht
a éisteachtaí
genitive
éisteachta
éisteachtaí
dative
éisteacht
éisteachtaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an éisteacht
na héisteachtaí
genitive
na héisteachta
na n-éisteachtaí
dative
leis an éisteacht don éisteacht
leis na héisteachtaí :

#### Derived terms

* néaróg éisteachta f (“auditory nerve”)

#### Related terms

* éisteach (“attentive, heedful”, adjective)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “étsecht, éstecht”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 261, page 133
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 85
* ↑ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 264 (iii), page 49
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 158, page 61

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “éisteacht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# semua
## Iban
### Etymology

From Malay semua, from Sanskrit समूह (samūha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səmua/

### Determiner

semua
* all

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay semua, from Sanskrit समूह (samūha).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /səˈmua/ [səˈmu.a]
* Syllabification: se‧mu‧a

### Determiner

sêmua
* all

#### Derived terms

* semua-muanya
* semuanya

### Further reading

* “semua” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit समूह (samūha).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga) IPA: /səmuə/
* (Baku, Standard Singapore, Sabah) IPA: /səmua/
* Rhymes: -uə, -wa, -wə, -a, -ə

### Determiner

semua (Jawi spelling سموا)
* all (every individual of the given class)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: semua
* → Central Malay: semua
* → Iban: semua
* Pattani Malay: مّووْ

### Further reading

* “semua” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# קדומים
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From קדם (“to precede, to come before”) + -ים (“forming present participles, plurals, and intensifications”). Used for sites near Nazareth in reference to the prehistoric remains found in Qafzeh Cave.

### Adjective

קְדוּמִים • (qəḏūmīm)
* ancient
** Bible, Judges 5:21:
    נַ֤חַל קִישׁוֹן֙ גְּרָפָ֔ם נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֑וֹן תִּדְרְכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י עֹֽז׃
       The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength.

### Proper noun

קְדוּמִים • (Qəḏūmīm)
* Kedumim, used for both Mount Precipice and Qafzeh Cave near Nazareth
    מערת קדומים... הר קדומים...Kedumim Cave... Mount Kedumim...

### References

* H6917 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# νύμφαις
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ným.pʰai̯s/ → /ˈnym.ɸɛs/ → /ˈnim.fes/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ným.pʰai̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈnym.pʰɛs/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈnym.ɸɛs/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈnym.fes/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈnim.fes/

### Noun

νῠ́μφαις • (nŭ́mphais)
* dative plural of νῠ́μφη (nŭ́mphē)
# put to shame
## English
### Verb

put to shame (third-person singular simple present puts to shame, present participle putting to shame, simple past and past participle put to shame)
* (transitive) To humiliate; to disgrace.
** 1902, Mark Twain, chapter 1, in A Double Barrelled Detective Story:Any other man in my place would have gone to his house and shot him down like a dog. I wanted to do it, and was minded to do it, but a better thought came to me: to put him to shame; to break his heart; to kill him by inches.
** 1916 July 2, Rabindranath Tagore, The Spirit of Japan: A Lecture:[Europe] has ever carried her own standard of perfection, by which we can measure her falls and gauge her degrees of failure, by which we can call her before her own tribunal and put her to shame,—the shame which is the sign of the true pride of nobleness.
** 2016, Maya Oppenheim, “Justin Trudeau shuts down sarcastic reporter with an impromptu explanation of quantum computing”, in Independent, UK, retrieved 2 January 2018:After a sarcastic reporter asked him to explain quantum computing the self-avowed ‘geek’ leapt to the challenge and put him to shame.
* (transitive) To outdo thoroughly; to surpass; to outperform; to show up.
** 1855, Frederick Douglass, chapter 19, in My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York, Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC:Henry put me to shame; he fought, and fought bravely. John and I had made no resistance.
** 1911, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, chapter 3, in Our Androcentric Culture:[T]he dog is said to have the most diseases second to man; the horse comes next; but the wild ones put us to shame by their superior health and the beauty that belongs to right development.
** 2013 June 1, Bruce Weber, “Jean Stapleton, Who Played Archie Bunker’s Better Angel, Dies at 90”, in New York Times, retrieved 2 January 2018:But in Edith, Ms. Stapleton also found vast wells of compassion and kindness, a natural delight in the company of other people, and a sense of fairness and justice that irritated her husband to no end and also put him to shame.
# ξένην
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ksé.nɛːn/ → /ˈkse.nin/ → /ˈkse.nin/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ksé.nɛːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkse.ne̝n/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkse.nin/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkse.nin/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkse.nin/

### Adjective

ξένην • (xénēn)
* feminine accusative singular of ξένος (xénos)
# bister
## English
### Noun

bister (countable and uncountable, plural bisters)
* Alternative spelling of bistre

### Anagrams

* bestir, Breits, Tribes, tribes, rebits, Bertis, bistre, biters, bitser, Sibert

## North Frisian
### Etymology

Possibly cognate with West Frisian bjuster (“unusual, strange”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈb̥ɪstɐ]

### Adjective

bister (comparative bisterer, superlative bisterst)
* (Sylt) angry
    Synonyms: ārig, wreer

## Slovene
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bystrъ.

### Adjective

bíster (comparative bístrejši, superlative nȁjbístrejši)
* clear (transparent)
* smart, bright, sharp

### Further reading

* “bister”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Low German bister. Attested since 1665.

#### Adjective

bister (comparative bistrare, superlative bistrast)
* (of a person, expression, or the like) serious and hard; grim, stern, etc.
    Rektorn satt med en bister min i rektorsexpeditionen när jag kom inThe principal was sitting with a stern look on his face in the principal's office when I entered
    "Vi är körda", sa han bistert"We're screwed," he said grimly
* grim, bitter, harsh (often of weather conditions and the like)
    den bistra kylanthe bitter cold
    den bistra vinternthe cold, harsh winter
    den bistra verklighetenthe grim reality
    den bistra sanningenthe bitter truth
    bistra tiderhard times

##### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French bistre. Attested since 1784.

#### Noun

bister n
* bistre (pigment)

##### Declension
### References

* bister in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bister in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bister in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# coppersmith
## English
### Etymology

From copper +‎ smith.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

coppersmith (plural coppersmiths)
* A person who forges things out of copper.
** 1961 March, C.P. Boocock, “The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated, page 162:Eastleigh Locomotive Works: Layout and functions of shops [...] Coppersmiths: Preparation of boiler tubes and copper pipework.
* A South Asian barbet, Psilopogon haemacephala, with crimson forehead and throat, best known for its metronomic call that has been likened to a coppersmith striking metal with a hammer.
** 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 104:More noises came from a dusty tree, where brown birds creaked and floundered about looking for insects; another bird, the invisible coppersmith, had started his ‘ponk ponk’.

#### Synonyms

* (person): redsmith

#### Hypernyms

* smith, metalsmith

#### Derived terms

* coppersmithing
# βολεύω
## Greek
### Etymology

From an unattested *εὐβολεύω (*euboleúō), from Hellenistic Koine Greek εὐβολῶ (eubolô), εὐβολέω (euboléō) from εὖ (eû, “good”) +‎ -βολος (-bolos), the latter component from βολή (bolḗ, “wound of a missile; throw of the dice”). The original sense was "to accurately throw dice", which shifted to "be convenient, arrange".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /voˈle.vo/

### Verb

βολεύω • (volévo) (past βόλεψα, passive βολεύομαι, p‑past βολεύτηκα)
* to arrange, fit into
* to arrange (affairs, responsibilities)
* to serve well, be convenient (something for someone)

#### References

* βολεύω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# Rzepińska
## Polish
### Etymology

From Rzepiński +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʐɛˈpiɲ.ska/
* Rhymes: -iɲska
* Syllabification: Rze‧piń‧ska

### Proper noun

Rzepińska f (male equivalent Rzepiński)
* a female surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Rzepiński”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# οἵαν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hǒi̯.aːn/ → /ˈy.an/ → /ˈi.an/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hǒi̯.aːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.an/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.an/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.an/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.an/

### Determiner

οἵᾱν • (hoíān)
* feminine accusative singular of οἷος (hoîos)
# పెళ్లాడు
## Telugu
### Etymology

Compound of పెళ్లి (peḷli, “wedding”) +‎ ఆడు (āḍu, “to do, perform”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɭːaːɖu/

### Verb

పెళ్లాడు • (peḷlāḍu)
* Alternative form of పెండ్లాడు (peṇḍlāḍu)
# పెళ్ళాడు
## Telugu
### Etymology

Compound of పెళ్ళి (peḷḷi, “wedding”) +‎ ఆడు (āḍu, “to do, perform”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɭːaːɖu/

### Verb

పెళ్ళాడు • (peḷḷāḍu)
* Alternative form of పెండ్లాడు (peṇḍlāḍu)
# gugle
## Esperanto
### Etymology

guglo (“Google”) +‎ -e (“adverb”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡuɡle]
* Rhymes: -uɡle
* Hyphenation: gu‧gle

### Adverb

gugle
* via Google, Google-wise.
    Serĉu guglen.Go search Google.

#### Related terms

* gugla (“of or relating to Google”)
* gugli (“to google”)
* guglo (“Google; googol”)

## Portuguese
### Verb

gugle
* inflection of guglar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# slabý
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech slabý, from Proto-Slavic *slabъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈslabiː]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

slabý (comparative slabší or slabější, superlative nejslabší or nejslabější, adverb slabě)
* weak, feeble
    Antonym: silný

#### Related terms

* slaboduchý
* slabomyslný
* slaboulinký
* slabouninký
* slabá stránka
* slabé pohlaví
* slabina
* slaboduch
* slaboch
* slabost
* oslabit
* slábnout

#### See also

* sláb

### Further reading

* “slabý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “slabý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “slabý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slabъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈsɫabɨː/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈslabiː/, /ˈslabɛj/

### Adjective

slabý (short form sláb, comparative slabější, superlative najslabější)
* weak, feeble
    Synonym: silný

#### Descendants

* Czech: slabý

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “slabý”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slabъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈslabiː]

### Adjective

slabý (comparative slabší, superlative najslabší)
* weak, feeble
    Antonym: silný

#### Derived terms

* oslabiť
* slabosť f
* slaboch m
* slabôstka f

#### Related terms

* slabomyseľný
* slabnúť

### Further reading

* “slabý”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# moser
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew מוֹסֵר (mosér)

### Pronunciation

* (Ashkenazi) IPA: /ˈmoʊsəɹ/, /ˈmoʊseəɹ/
* IPA: /moʊˈseəɹ/

### Noun

moser (plural mosers or moserim or mosrim)
* (Judaism) An informer or grass; one who tells on another.

#### Alternative forms

* moiser

### Anagrams

* s'more, morse, meros, omers, smore, somer, Romes, Somer, Morse, mores, mesor, moers, Mores

## Danish
### Noun

moser c
* indefinite plural of mose

### Verb

moser
* present of mose

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

moser m
* indefinite plural of mose
# పెళ్ళి
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɭːi/

### Noun

పెళ్ళి • (peḷḷi) n (plural పెళ్ళులు)
* Alternative form of పెండ్లి (peṇḍli)

#### Derived terms

* పెళ్ళాడు (peḷḷāḍu, “to wed, marry”)
* పెళ్ళికూతురు (peḷḷikūturu, “bride”)
* పెళ్ళికొడుకు (peḷḷikoḍuku, “bridegroom”)
* బొమ్మలపెళ్ళి (bommalapeḷḷi, “toy marriage”)
# smoky jungle frog
## English
### Noun

smoky jungle frog (plural smoky jungle frogs)
* A frog of species Leptodactylus pentadactylus, found in northern South America and parts of Central America.
# kecske
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Of debated origin:
* From a Turkic language. Compare Turkish keçi, Chuvash качака (kač̬ak̬a).
* Native word. From an otherwise unattested stem + -ke (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɛt͡ʃkɛ]
* Hyphenation: kecs‧ke
* Rhymes: -kɛ

### Noun

kecske (plural kecskék)
* goat

#### Derived terms

* bezoárkecske
* házikecske
* kecskefűz
* kecskeszakáll
* vadkecske
* kecskére bízza a káposztát
* kőszáli kecske
* pödröttszarvú kecske

### References

* ↑ kecske in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* kecske in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# ὅλε
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.le/ → /ˈo.le/ → /ˈo.le/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.le/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.le/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.le/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.le/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.le/

### Adjective

ὅλε • (hóle)
* masculine vocative singular of ὅλος (hólos)
# ὅλοις
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.loi̯s/ → /ˈo.lys/ → /ˈo.lis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.loi̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.lys/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.lys/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.lys/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.lis/

### Adjective

ὅλοις • (hólois)
* masculine/neuter dative plural of ὅλος (hólos)
# ὅλους
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.luːs/ → /ˈo.lus/ → /ˈo.lus/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.luːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.lus/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.lus/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.lus/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.lus/

### Adjective

ὅλους • (hólous)
* masculine accusative plural of ὅλος (hólos)
# ὅλαι
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.lai̯/ → /ˈo.lɛ/ → /ˈo.le/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.lai̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.lɛ/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.lɛ/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.le/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.le/

### Adjective

ὅλαι • (hólai)
* feminine nominative/vocative plural of ὅλος (hólos)
# ὅλαις
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.lai̯s/ → /ˈo.lɛs/ → /ˈo.les/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.lai̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.lɛs/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.lɛs/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.les/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.les/

### Adjective

ὅλαις • (hólais)
* feminine dative plural of ὅλος (hólos)
# paxilline
## English
### Etymology

From paxilli +‎ -ine.

### Noun

paxilline (uncountable)
* (biochemistry) A potassium channel blocker; a toxic, tremorgenic indole alkaloid produced by Penicillium paxilli.
# Mandombe
## English
### Proper noun

Mandombe
* (linguistics, writing system) A script intended for writing African languages such as Kikongo, as well as the four national languages of the Congo.

#### Alternative forms

* Mandombé

### Further reading

* Mandombe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# advertecture
## English
### Etymology

Blend of advertising +‎ architecture

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈad.vəˌtɛk.tʃə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈæd.vɚˌtɛk.t͡ʃɚ/

### Noun

advertecture (uncountable)
* Large advertising painted on the walls of buildings.
# ὀνειδῶν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.neː.dɔ̂ːn/ → /o.niˈðon/ → /o.niˈðon/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /o.neː.dɔ̂ːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /o.niˈdon/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /o.niˈðon/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /o.niˈðon/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /o.niˈðon/

### Noun

ὀνειδῶν • (oneidôn)
* genitive plural of ὄνειδος (óneidos)
# clearheaded
## English
### Alternative forms

* clear-headed

### Etymology

From clear +‎ headed.

### Adjective

clearheaded (comparative more clearheaded, superlative most clearheaded)
* Having the ability to think clearly and act appropriately
* Lacking delusions, having an accurate, unclouded perception.
** 1990 August 11, M. B., “Peccatum Mutum (The Silent Sin) [review]”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 5, page 16:The acting is purposefully playful and bad, the sets are pseudo-gothic designs sketched on white walls sheets. And although the video is clear-headed about its amateur status and production values, its intent is deadly serious.

#### Derived terms

* clearheadedly
* clearheadedness
# cheiropterous
## English
### Etymology

Cheiroptera +‎ -ous

### Adjective

cheiropterous (not comparable)
* (obsolete, zoology) Belonging to the bat family (formerly classified as Cheiroptera)

### References

* “cheiropterous”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# proavus
## Latin

Picture dictionary :
Network Diagram for Roman Extended Families
atavia
atavus
abavia
abavus
proavia
proavus
avia
/ ava māterna
avus māternus
avia
/ ava paterna
avus paternus
cōnsobrīna
/ mātruēlis
cōnsobrīnus
/ mātruēlis
patruēlis
patruēlis
mātertera
avunculus
amita
patruus
/ barbās
māter
pater
sobrīna
/neptis
/neptia
sobrīnus
/ nepōs
frātruēlis
/neptis
/neptia
nepōs
/frātruus
/frātruēlis
sorōrius
/marītus sorōris
soror
frāter
frātria
/ uxor frātris
socrus
socer
/patraster
socrus
socer
/patraster
soror uxōris
frāter uxōris
glōs
lēvir
uxor
/marīta
/coniunx
/nūpta
marītus
/coniunx
gener
/ fīliaster
fīlia
/ nāta
fīlius
/ nātus
nurus
/ fīliastra
prōgener
neptis
/neptia
nepōs
prōnurus
proneptis
pronepōs
abneptis
abnepōs :

### Etymology

From pro- +‎ avus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpro.a.u̯us/, [ˈproäu̯ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpro.a.vus/, [ˈprɔːävus]

### Noun

proavus m (genitive proavī); second declension
* great-grandfather
* forefather, ancestor

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Coordinate terms

* proavia

### References

* “proavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “proavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* proavus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* proavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# bingung
## Malay
### Alternative forms

* (nonstandard, phonetic spelling) bengong

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biŋuŋ/, /beŋoŋ/
* Rhymes: -uŋ, -oŋ

### Adjective

bingung (Jawi spelling بيڠوڠ)
* stupid (lacking in intelligence)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:bodoh
* flabbergasted, perplexed, puzzled
    Synonyms: gugup, keliru
    Aku bingung melihat anakku berubah menjadi begini setelah lama di rantauan.I was flabbergasted at what my son had become after a long spell away from home.

#### Derived terms

* bingungkan
* dibingungkan
* diperbingung
* kebingungan
* membingunkan
* memperbingung
* pembingungan
* perbingung

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: bingung

### Further reading

* “bingung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# κατακρατώ
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κατακρατῶ (katakratô, “to prevail”) with semantic loan from French détenir (“to detain”) and retenir (“to retain”). By surface analysis, κατα- (kata-) +‎ κρατώ (krató).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ta.kɾaˈto/
* Hyphenation: κα‧τα‧κρα‧τώ

### Verb

κατακρατώ • (katakrató) (past κατακράτησα, passive κατακρατούμαι, p‑past κατακρατήθηκα, ppp κατακρατημένος)
* (law) to detain unlawfully
* (law) to withhold unlawfully
* (of a thing) to retain (to hold or keep inside it; to contain)

#### Related terms

* κατακράτηση f (katakrátisi)

### References

* ↑ κατακρατώ, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# melul
## Palauan
### Etymology

From Pre-Palauan *ma-lulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunu, from Proto-Austronesian *CuNuh.

### Verb

melul
* to broil, roast

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* melül (superseded spelling, regional)

### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ملول (melul, “low-spirited, sad, vexed, disgusted”), from Arabic مَلُول (malūl), from مَلَّ (malla, “to be affected by vexation”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meˈluːl/
* Hyphenation: me‧lul

### Adjective

melul
* (now poetic) sad, depressed, crestfallen
    Synonyms: üzgün, mahzun, mükedder, (archaic) meyus

#### Declension
### Adverb

melul
* In a miserable, crestfallen manner.

#### Derived terms

* melul mahzun
* melul melul

#### Related terms

* mel mel
* melal

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ملول”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1973
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ملول”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1222
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “melul”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “melul”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “melul”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3128