# ऋण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇá).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɾɪɳ/, [ɾɪ̃ɳ]

### Noun

ऋण • (ŕṇ) m
* (finance) debt, loss
* (mathematics, dated) subtraction sign
* (chemistry, in compounds) negative charge
    Synonym: ऋणावेश (ŕṇāveś) (independently)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾuɳ/, [ɾuːɳ]

### Adjective

ऋण • (ŕṇ)
* (mathematics) negative
    Synonym: धन (dhan)

### Noun

ऋण • (ŕṇ) n
* (finance) debt, loss
    Synonym: कर्ज (karj̈a)

#### Derived terms

* ऋणी (ŕṇī, “indebted, obliged”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “ऋण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ঋণ (Assamese script)
* ᬋᬡ (Balinese script)
* ঋণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰆𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀋𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ၒဏ (Burmese script)
* ઋણ (Gujarati script)
* ਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌋𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦉꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂱𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಋಣ (Kannada script)
* ឫណ (Khmer script)
* ຣິຓ (Lao script)
* ഋണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᡳᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘆𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠢᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦦𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐆𑐞 (Newa script)
* ଋଣ (Odia script)
* ꢈꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆉𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖆𑖜 (Siddham script)
* ඍණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚘 (Takri script)
* ரிண (Tamil script)
* ఋణ (Telugu script)
* ฤณ (Thai script)
* རྀ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒇𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨉𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥nás, *Harnás (“debt, guilt”). Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬹𐬗𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (ar$^ə$nat̰ caēša, “punishing guilt”), Khotanese [script needed] (ārra, “fault”), and possibly Hittite [script needed] (ar-nu-, “to pay for debts, make up damage”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /r̩.ɳɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈr̩.ɳɐ/

### Noun

ऋण • (ṛṇá) stem, n
* anything due, obligation, duty, debt
* the obligations of a Brahman
* anything wanted or missed
* a debt of money, money owed
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.47.2:कृ॒तानीद॑स्य॒ कर्त्वा॒ चेत॑न्ते दस्यु॒तर्ह॑णा। ऋ॒णा च॑ धृ॒ष्णुश्च॑यते॥kṛtā́nī́dasya kártvā cétante dasyutárhaṇā. ṛṇā́ ca dhṛṣṇúścayate.His task is done: his crushings of the Dasyus are made manifest: He sternly reckoneth their debts.
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
** c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
** c. 800 BCE, Yājñavalkya
* guilt
* (mathematics) a negative quality, minus
* water
* fort, stronghold

#### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨣 (ina)
* → Gujarati: ઋણ (ŕṇa)
* Marathi: ऋण (ŕṇ)
* Pali: iṇa
* → Tamil: இரணம் (iraṇam), இருணம் (iruṇam), ரணம் (raṇam)

### Adjective

ऋण • (ṛṇá)
* going, flying, fugitive
* guilty, having gone against or transgressed

#### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ऋण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 225/3.
* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 425
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 254