OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# soft jade
## English
### Noun

soft jade (plural soft jades)
* A nephrite mineral gemstone.
* A gem made of such material.

#### Hypernyms

* nephrite
* jade

#### Related terms

* hard jade
* imperial jade
* jade
* jadeite
* new jade
* red jade
# φρύγανον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From φρῡ́γω (phrū́gō, “to roast”) +‎ -ανον (-anon), as dry firewood was traditionally used to start fires and roast food.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰry̌ː.ɡa.non/ → /ˈɸry.ɣa.non/ → /ˈfri.ɣa.non/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰry̌ː.ɡa.non/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpʰry.ɡa.non/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɸry.ɣa.non/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈfry.ɣa.non/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈfri.ɣa.non/

### Noun

φρῡ́γᾰνον • (phrū́gănon) n (genitive φρῡγάνου); second declension
* dry stick, firewood
    Synonym: πῠ́ρδᾰλον (pŭ́rdălon)
* undershrub

#### Derived terms

* φρῡγανικός (phrūganikós)
* φρῡγάνιον (phrūgánion)
* φρυγανισμός (phruganismós)
* φρυγανοειδής (phruganoeidḗs)
* φρῡγανοφόρος (phrūganophóros)
* φρῡγανώδης (phrūganṓdēs)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φρῡ́γω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1593-4

### Further reading

* “φρύγανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* φρύγανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# paawat
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pa- +‎ awat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paˈʔawat/ [pɐˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -awat
* Syllabification: pa‧a‧wat

### Noun

paawat (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜀᜏᜆ᜔)
* allowing of oneself to be disengaged (as from a fight)

#### Derived terms

* ayaw paawat
* magpaawat
* paawatin
# polla d'aigua
## Catalan
### Etymology

From polla (“hen”) +‎ de (“of”) +‎ aigua (“water”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈpo.ʎə ˈð‿aj.ɣwə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpo.ʎa ˈð‿aj.ɣwa]

### Noun

polla d'aigua f (plural polles d'aigua)
* moorhen

#### Derived terms

* polla d'aigua americana
* polla d'aigua comuna
# відганяти
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From від- (vid-) +‎ ганя́ти (hanjáty). Compare Russian отгоня́ть (otgonjátʹ), Belarusian адганя́ць (adhanjácʹ), Polish odganiać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʋʲidɦɐˈnʲate]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Verb

відганя́ти • (vidhanjáty) impf (perfective відігна́ти) (transitive)
* to drive away, to chase away, to drive off, to chase off (force to leave)
* (figuratively) to drive away, to chase away, to banish (:thought, feeling, etc.)
* to drive (:livestock somewhere)
* to distil off (UK), to distill off (US)

#### Synonyms

* (all senses): відго́нити impf (vidhónyty) (rare)

#### Derived terms

* відганя́ння n (vidhanjánnja)
* відганя́тися impf (vidhanjátysja)

### References

* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “відганяти”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (в – відсрібли́тися), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
* “відганяти”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “відганяти”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “відганяти”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “відганяти”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “відганяти”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “відганяти”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# magnifico
## English
### Etymology

From Italian magnifico. Doublet of magnific.

### Noun

magnifico (plural magnificos or magnificoes)
* (obsolete) A grandee or nobleman of Venice.
** c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], pages 6–7:For be ſure of this, / That the Magnifico is much beloued, / And hath in his effect, a voyce potentiall, / As double as the Dukes, he will diuorce you, / Or put vpon you what reſtraint, and greeuance, That law with all his might to inforce it on, / Weele giue him cable.
* (obsolete) A rector of a German university.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “magnifico, n. and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “magnifico”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɲˈɲi.fi.ko/
* Rhymes: -ifiko
* Hyphenation: ma‧gnì‧fi‧co

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin magnificus.

#### Adjective

magnifico (feminine magnifica, masculine plural magnifici, feminine plural magnifiche)
* magnificent
* marvellous, wonderful
* gorgeous, superb
* generous

##### Derived terms

* magnificamente

##### Related terms

* magnificente

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

magnifico
* first-person singular present indicative of magnificare

### Further reading

* magnifico in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

From magnificus (“noble, august”) +‎ -ō (suffix forming verbs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /maɡˈni.fi.koː/, [mäŋˈnɪfɪkoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /maɲˈɲi.fi.ko/, [mäɲˈɲiːfiko]

### Verb

magnificō (present infinitive magnificāre, perfect active magnificāvī, supine magnificātum); first conjugation
* to prize, esteem highly
* to praise, glorify, or extol
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) to magnify

#### Related terms

* magnifaciō
* magnificē
* magnificēns
* magnificenter
* magnificentia
* magnificus

#### Descendants

* → English: magnificate
* → Italian: magnificare
* → Middle French: magnifier
** French: magnifier
** → Middle English: magnifien
*** English: magnify
* → Portuguese: magnificar
* → Spanish: magnificar

### References

* “magnifico”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “magnifico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* magnifico in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Verb

magnifico
* first-person singular present indicative of magnificar

## Spanish
### Verb

magnifico
* first-person singular present indicative of magnificar
# scortecciare
## Italian
### Etymology

From s- +‎ corteccia +‎ -are.

### Verb

scortecciàre (first-person singular present scortéccio, first-person singular past historic scortecciài, past participle scortecciàto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to strip (to remove bark from a tree, or paint etc. from a surface)

#### Derived terms

* scortecciamento
* scortecciato
* scortecciatoio
* scortecciatore
* scortecciatrice
* scortecciatura

#### See also

* escoriare

### Further reading

* scortecciare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* accorceresti, accorcireste, accrescitore, scartoccerei, scorteccerai
# দৈব
## Bengali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दैव (daiva). Compare Assamese দৈব (doibo), Hindi दैव (daiv), Gujarati દૈવ (daiv), Telugu దైవ (daiva).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /d̪oi̯bɔ/, [ˈd̪oi̯bɔˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /d̪oi̯bɔ/, [ˈd̪oi̯bɔˑ]

### Noun

দৈব • (dōibô)
* providence, destiny, luck, fate, chance occurrence

#### Declension
### Adjective

দৈব • (dōibô) (comparative আরও দৈব, superlative সবচেয়ে দৈব)
* divine, heavenly
** 2020 September 22, সায়েদুল ইসলাম, BBC News বাংলা‎:স্ত্রীর মাধ্যমে 'দৈব নির্দেশ' পেয়ে হাতি কিনে আনলেন কৃষক স্বামীstrir maddhome 'dōib nirdeś' peẏe hati kine anlen kriśok śśamiFarmer husband buys elephant after receiving a 'divine instruction' through his wife
* providential, accidental, miraculous

### Derived terms

* দৈবকর্ম (dōibokormo)
* দৈবক্রমে (dōibokrome)
* দৈবক্রমে (dōibokrome)
* দৈবক্রমে (dōibokrome)
* দৈবগতিকে (dōibogtike)
* দৈবঘটনা (dōiboghṭona)
* দৈবচয়ন (dōibcoẏon)
* দৈবজ্ঞ (dōibojno)
* দৈবদুর্ঘটনা (dōibdurghoṭona)
* দৈবদুর্বিপাক (dōibdurbipak)
* দৈবদোষ (dōibdōś)
* দৈবদোষে (dōibdōśe)
* দৈবধন (dōibodhon)
* দৈবনির্দিষ্ট (dōibonirdiśṭo)
* দৈবপ্রেরিত (dōiboprerito)
* দৈববল (dōibbol)
* দৈববাণী (dōibbani)
* দৈববিড়ম্বনা (dōibbiṛombona)
* দৈবযোগে (dōibjōge)
* দৈবলব্ধ (dōibolobdho)
* দৈবশক্তি (dōibośokti)
* দৈবশক্তিসম্পন্ন (dōibośoktiśomponno)

### References

* Biswas, Sailendra (2000) “দৈব”, in Samsad Bengali-English dictionary, 3rd edition, Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad, →OCLC.
* Bhaṭṭācārya, Subhāsha (2003) “দৈব”, in Saṁsada Bāṁlā uccāraṇa abhidhāna, 2nd edition, Kalikata: Sāhitya Saṃsada, →OCLC.
* Dāsa, Jñānendramohana (1937-1938) “দৈব”, in Bāṅgālā bhāshāra abhidhāna (in Bengali), 2nd edition, Kalikata: Indian Publishing House, →OCLC.
* Accessible Dictionary, Government of Bangladesh
# wilig
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* uilig — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /wiˈliɡ/ [wɪˈliɡ̚]
* Rhymes: -iɡ
* Syllabification: wi‧lig

### Noun

wilíg (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔)
* act of sprinkling water on clothes to be ironed
    Synonyms: waligwig, pagwawaligwig, wisik

#### Derived terms

* iwilig
* magwilig
* pagwiwilig
* pangwilig
* wiligan

#### See also

* dilig

### Adjective

wilíg (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔)
* moistened by sprinkling with water (of clothes to be ironed)

### Anagrams

* giliw
# egyenlő
## Hungarian
### Etymology

egyen +‎ -l (verbal suffix) +‎ -ő (present participle suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛɟɛnløː], [ˈɛɟːɛnløː]
* Hyphenation: egyen‧lő
* Rhymes: -løː

### Adjective

egyenlő (not generally comparable, comparative egyenlőbb, superlative legegyenlőbb)
* equal (to something: -val/-vel)
    Coordinate terms: kisebb, nagyobb
    A egyenlő B-vel. ― A is equal to B.

#### Derived terms

* egyenlősdi
* egyenlőség
* egyenlősít
* egyenlőtlen
* egyenlő oldalú háromszög
* egyenlő szárú háromszög
* egyenlő valószínűségű
* egyenlővé tesz

### References

* ↑ egyenlő in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Its pronunciation is specifically given with a short gy in Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN , indicating that its long ggy variant also exists.
* ↑ Note that egy- has a long pronunciation in several similar terms like egy, egyik, egyetlen, együvé, együtt according to Section 69 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015. →ISBN.
* ↑ When its comparative is used, it is often in reference to Animal Farm.

### Further reading

* egyenlő in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* egyenlő in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# p'unchaw
## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* punchaw
* p'unchay

### Noun

p'unchaw
* day (unit of time)

#### Derived terms

* atipachaw (“Tuesday”)
* ch'askachaw (“Friday”)
* illapachaw (“Thursday”)
* intichaw (“Sunday”)
* k'uychichaw (“Saturday”)
* killachaw (“Monday”)
* quyllurchaw (“Wednesday”)
# astrum
## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈas.trum/, [ˈäs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈas.trum/, [ˈäst̪rum]

### Noun

astrum n (genitive astrī); second declension
* (poetic) star, constellation
    Synonyms: astēr, stēlla, sīdus
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.117–118:astrīs delphīna recēpit IuppiterJupiter admitted the dolphin to the constellations

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Synonyms

* (star): stēlla

#### Derived terms

* ad astra
* astrālis
* astrātus
* astrifer
* astrificō
* astrificus
* astriger
* astriloquus
* astrilūcus
* astrisonus
* astrōsus

#### Related terms

* astreāns

#### Descendants

* Catalan: astre
* ⇒ English: disaster
* French: astre
* Italian: astro
* Occitan: astre
* Portuguese: astro
* Romanian: astru
* Spanish: astro

### References

* “astrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “astrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* astrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* astrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the star-lit sky; the firmament: caelum astris distinctum et ornatum
* “astrum”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
# adal
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Possibly from Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher; master”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔadal/ [ˈʔa.d̪al̪]
* Hyphenation: a‧dal

### Verb

ádal (plural aradal, Basahan spelling ᜀᜇᜎ᜔)
* to study
    Nag-aadal nin tataramon na BikolStudying Bikol language

#### Derived terms

* adalan
* adalon
* mag-adal
* paadal
* paraadal

#### See also

* aram
* nuod
* tukdo
* turo
* ukod
* unam

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

Possibly from Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher; master”). Compare Tagalog aral and Bikol Central adal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔadal/ [ˈʔa.dɐl]
* Rhymes: -adal
* Syllabification: a‧dal

### Noun

adal (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜧᜮ᜴)
* study; teaching

#### Derived terms

* adalan
* aradalan
* mag-adal

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 19

## Ilocano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔadal/ [ˈʔɐ.dal]
* Hyphenation: a‧dal

### Noun

adal
* learning; education; knowledge; degree; vocation; profession

#### Derived terms

* adalen
* ag-adal
* agpaadal
* deadal
* kaadalan
* maadal
* managadal
* mapagadal
* pagadal
* pagadalan
* pagadalen

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* edil, athal, adhal

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.dal/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *aþalaz. Cognate with Old English æþele.

#### Adjective

adal
* noble

##### Descendants

* German: edel, adlig, adelig
* Yiddish: איידל (eydl), אַדל (adl)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *aþal. Cognate with Old Norse aðal (“nature, inborn disposition”).

#### Noun

adal n
* nobility
* noble race

##### Derived terms

* adallīh

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: adel
** German: Adel
*** → Estonian: aadel
** Yiddish: אַדל (adl)

### References

* Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer
# nicht einmal mit der Kneifzange anfassen
## German
### Alternative forms

* nicht mal mit der Kneifzange anfassen

### Etymology

Literally, “to not touch even with pincers”.

### Verb

nicht einmal mit der Kneifzange anfassen (weak, third-person singular present fasst nicht einmal mit der Kneifzange an, past tense fasste nicht einmal mit der Kneifzange an, past participle nicht einmal mit der Kneifzange angefasst, auxiliary haben)
* (idiomatic) to not touch something with a barge pole (to avoid contact with someone or something at all costs)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
# primaire
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

primaire
* inflection of primair:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prīmārius. Doublet of premier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʁi.mɛʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

primaire (plural primaires)
* primary
* elementary

#### Derived terms

* clé primaire
* cours primaire
* école primaire
* forêt primaire
* temps primaire

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: primair

### Further reading

* “primaire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* primerai, réprimai
# abanicar
## Galician
### Etymology

From abanar (“to fan, wag”) +‎ -icar (frequentative).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abaniˈkaɾ/ [a.β̞a.niˈkɑɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧ni‧car

### Verb

abanicar (first-person singular present abanico, first-person singular preterite abaniquei, past participle abanicado)
* to fan
    Synonym: abanar
* to wag, shake, swing
    Synonyms: abalar, randear

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* abanico

#### Related terms

* abanar
* abanear
* abano
* baneiro

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “abanicar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “abanicar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “abanicar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “abanicar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Galician abanicar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abaniˈkaɾ/ [a.β̞a.niˈkaɾ]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧ba‧ni‧car

### Verb

abanicar (first-person singular present abanico, first-person singular preterite abaniqué, past participle abanicado)
* (transitive) to fan (to blow air on something by means of a fan)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* abanar
* abanico

### Further reading

* “abanicar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# potentate
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English potentat, from Old French, from Late Latin potentātus (“rule, political power”), from Latin potēns (“powerful, strong”), the active present participle of possum (“I am able”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpəʊ.tən.teɪt/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈpoʊ.tən.teɪt/

### Noun

potentate (plural potentates)
* A powerful leader; a monarch; a ruler.
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:But Kings and mightieſt Potentates muſt die, For that's the end of humane miſerie.
** 1900, Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie:She was now one of a group of oriental beauties who, in the second act of the comic opera, were paraded by the vizier before the new potentate as the treasures of his harem.
** 2011, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography – A History of the Middle East, page 269:Life for ordinary barons in Outremer Jerusalem was probably better than for kings in Europe, where even potentates wore unlaundered wool and lived in bare-stone draughty keeps with rough furniture.
* A powerful polity or institution.
* (derogatory) A self-important person.
* (humorous) Someone acting in an important role.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 194:"Those foreigners," thought the female potentate of the Sun, "won't know what to order; but I'll show them what a good supper is."

#### Usage notes

This term usually carries connotations or implications of ancient despotism before advanced Western conceptions of civil law and Enlightenment values; in other words, a potentate can be described as a king or realm that exercises "raw", absolute power by decree and entrenched in "exotic" customs and traditions (cf. Orientalism). For example, a "Hindu potentate" would refer to those petty kings who controlled various small dominions in India before the British Raj. Particularly in the second sense, use of "potentate" to refer to Western states even before the modern era is rare, and may even be intended humorously in such a case.

#### Related terms

* potence
* potency
* potent
* potential
* potentiality

#### Translations
### Adjective

potentate (comparative more potentate, superlative most potentate)
* (obsolete) Regnant, powerful, dominant.
# коммунист
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | كوممۋنيست |
| Cyrillic | коммунист |
| Latin | kommunist |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian коммуни́ст (kommuníst), from French communiste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəmʊˈnʲist]

### Noun

коммунист • (kommunist)
* communist (person who follows a communist or Marxist-Leninist philosophy)

#### Derived terms

* коммунистiк (kommunistik)

## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠤᠨᠢᠰᠲ (kommunist) | коммунист (kommunist) |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian коммуни́ст (kommuníst)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰɔmːʊnistʰ/
* Syllabification: ком‧му‧нист (3 syllables)

### Noun

коммунист • (kommunist)
* communist (person who follows a communist or Marxist-Leninist philosophy)

## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French communiste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəmʊˈnʲist]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ком‧му‧нист
* Rhymes: -ist

### Noun

коммуни́ст • (kommuníst) m anim (genitive коммуни́ста, nominative plural коммуни́сты, genitive plural коммуни́стов, feminine коммуни́стка)
* communist (person who follows a communist or Marxist-Leninist philosophy)
    Synonyms: анархи́ст (anarxíst, “anarchist”), социали́ст (socialíst, “socialist”)
    Antonyms: капитали́ст (kapitalíst, “capitalist”), национа́л-социали́ст (nacionál-socialíst, “National Socialist”), фаши́ст (fašíst, “fascist”)

#### Related terms

* комму́на (kommúna)
* коммуна́лка (kommunálka)
* коммуна́льник (kommunálʹnik)
* коммуна́льница (kommunálʹnica)
* коммуна́льный (kommunálʹnyj)
* коммуна́льщик (kommunálʹščik)
* коммуна́льщица (kommunálʹščica)
* коммуна́р (kommunár)
* коммуна́рка (kommunárka)
* коммуна́рский (kommunárskij)
* коммуни́зм (kommunízm)
* коммунисти́ческий (kommunistíčeskij)
* коммуни́стка (kommunístka)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: kommunista
* → Mongolian: коммунист (kommunist)

### See also

* Коммунист on the Russian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ru}$