OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# kalitka
## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* kalicka (dialectal)

### Etymology

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Slovak klietka. From Proto-Slavic *klětь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɒlitkɒ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧lit‧ka
* Rhymes: -kɒ

### Noun

kalitka (plural kalitkák)
* cage (an enclosure made of bars, normally to hold birds or smaller animals)
* (humorous) booth (an enclosure just big enough to accommodate one standing person)
    Synonym: fülke
* (archaic) cage (an enclosure made of bars, normally to hold larger animals)
    Synonym: ketrec

#### Derived terms

* kalitkányi
* kalitkás
* kalitkástul

### References

* ↑ kalitka in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ kalitka in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

### Further reading

* kalitka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian калитка (kalitka).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkɑlitkɑ/, [ˈkɑlʲitk]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkɑlitkɑ/, [ˈkɑlitkɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑlitk, -ɑlitkɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧lit‧ka

### Noun

kalitka
* Synonym of veräjä

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 127
# cytometry
## English
### Etymology

From cyto- +‎ -metry.

### Noun

cytometry (usually uncountable, plural cytometries)
* (biology) The measurement or the counting and classification of cells

#### Derived terms

* flow cytometry
* fluocytometry
* fluorocytometry
* hematocytometry
* histocytometry
* immunocytometry
* phosphocytometry

#### Related terms

* cytometer
* cytometric
* cytometrist
# katastrope
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish catástrofe, from Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈtastɾope/ [kɐˌt̪as.t̪ɾoˈpɛ]
* Rhymes: -astɾope
* Syllabification: ka‧tas‧tro‧pe

### Noun

katástropé (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜒ)
* catastrophe
    Synonyms: kapahamakan, sakuna, desastre, kalamidad

#### Related terms

* katastropiko

### Further reading

* “katastrope”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# maket bıçağı
## Turkish
### Etymology

Compound of maket (“model, mock-up”) +‎ bıçak (“knife”) +‎ -ı (possessive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈcet.bɯ.t͡ʃaːɯ/
* Hyphenation: ma‧ket‧bı‧ça‧ğı

### Noun

maket bıçağı (definite accusative maket bıçağını, plural maket bıçakları)
* A utility knife, boxcutter, or Exacto knife.
    Synonym: falçata

#### Related terms

* jilet
* neşter
* ustura

### Further reading

* “maket bıçağı”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “maket bıçağı”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3028
# impalo
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [imˈpalo]
* Rhymes: -alo
* Hyphenation: im‧pa‧lo

### Noun

impalo (accusative singular impalon, plural impaloj, accusative plural impalojn)
* impala

#### Hypernyms

* bovedo (“bovid”)

#### Hyponyms

* impalido (“impala cub”)
* impalino (“female impala”)

#### Meronyms

* impalaĵo

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /imˈpa.lo/
* Rhymes: -alo
* Hyphenation: im‧pà‧lo

### Verb

impalo
* first-person singular present indicative of impalare

### Anagrams

* amplio, ampliò, lipoma

## Latin
### Etymology

From in- +‎ pālus (“stake”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix). Attested in the Lex Burgundionum and other Germanic law-codes.

### Verb

impālō (present infinitive impālāre, perfect active impālāvī, supine impālātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)
* to impale

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: mpar
** Romanian: împăra
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: impalare
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: empalar
** French: empaler
*** English: impale
** Occitan: empalar
* Ibero-Romance:
** Spanish: empalar
*** → Portuguese: empalar

### References

* ↑ impalare in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# sâs
## Emilian
### Etymology

From Latin saxum (“rock”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek-.

### Pronunciation

* (Bologna) IPA: /saːs/, [s̺ɐʌ̯s̺]

### Noun

sâs m (diminutive sasulén)
* rock (aggregate of solid mineral)

#### Derived terms

* a sâs trât an s i pänsa pió
* l é un sâs bèle trât
* pén d sâs
* se tótt i sâs fóssen panétt ai srê da sfamèr dimónndi puvrétt
* sâs da calzulèr
* sâs-sèlta
# سعی
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَعْي (saʕy).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saʔj]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säʔj]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säʔj]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.jíː], [sɑːj]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säj]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæʔj]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säʔj]

### Noun

سَعی • (sa'y)
* try, attempt
* labor, endeavor

#### Synonyms

* کوشش (kôšeš)

#### Derived terms

* سعی کردن (sa'y kardan, “to try”)
# পঢ়াশালি
## Assamese
### Etymology

From পঢ়া (porha, “to read, to study”) +‎ শালি (xali, “house, hall”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.ɹʱa.xa.li/, /pɔ.ɦa.xa.li/

### Noun

পঢ়াশালি • (porhaxali)
* school, academy
    Synonyms: স্কুল (skul), (literary) বিদ্যালয় (biiddaloy), (less common) ছাতৰশালি (satorxali)

#### Derived terms

* পঢ়াশলীয়া (porhaxolia)
# ఊడిగపు
## Telugu
### Etymology

From ఊడిగము (ūḍigamu, “drudgery, chore”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːɖiɡapu/

### Adjective

ఊడిగపు • (ūḍigapu)
* menial

#### Derived terms

* ఊడిగపుది (ūḍigapudi, “maid servant”)
* ఊడిగపుపని (ūḍigapupani, “menial duty, chore”)
* ఊడిగపువాడు (ūḍigapuvāḍu, “man servant”)

### References

* "ఊడిగము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 174
# centralisation
## English
### Etymology

From French centralisation, or centralise +‎ -ation.

### Noun

centralisation (countable and uncountable, plural centralisations)
* Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of centralization.

#### Antonyms

* decentralisation

#### Derived terms

* recentralisation

### Anagrams

* intercalations, intrasectional

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑ̃.tʁa.li.za.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

centralisation f (plural centralisations)
* centralization, centralisation

#### Related terms

* centraliser
* centralisateur

### Further reading

* “centralisation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# дзюдоїст
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zʲʊdɔˈjist)]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

дзюдої́ст • (dzjudojíst) m pers (genitive дзюдої́ста, nominative plural дзюдої́сти, genitive plural дзюдої́стів, feminine дзюдої́стка)
* (judo) judoka, judoist (practitioner of judo)

#### Related terms

* дзюдо́ m (dzjudó)
* дзюдої́стський (dzjudojístsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* “дзюдоїст”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “дзюдоїст”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
* “дзюдоїст”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дзюдоїст”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# rosszaság
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From rossz +‎ -aság.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrosːɒʃaːɡ]
* Hyphenation: rosz‧sza‧ság
* Rhymes: -aːɡ

### Noun

rosszaság (plural rosszaságok)
* badness

#### Derived terms

* rosszasági

### Further reading

* rosszaság in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
## Manchu
### Etymology

From Jurchen muri, 木力 (mu-li /⁠muri⁠/), from Proto-Tungusic *murin. Cognate with Oroqen mʊrɪn, Evenki мурин (murin), Even мурон (muron) and Solon moring. Also connected with the Korean ᄆᆞᆯ (“horse”).

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [mɔ.rin]
* (Ningguta) IPA: [mɔ.riŋ]

### Noun

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ • (morin) (plural ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠰᠠ)
* horse
    ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᠶᠠᠯᡠᠮᠪᡳ ― morin yalumbi ― to ride a horse
* (astrology) seventh earthly branch: horse in the Chinese zodiac, 5th solar month
    ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― morin erin ― 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m

#### Derived terms

* ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠮᡳᠨ (morin jalmin)
* ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠩᡤᠠ (moringga)
* ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (morilambi)
* ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠴᡳ (morici)

### Proper noun

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ • (morin)
* horse, the seventh of the twelve earthly branches

### References

* ↑ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 24
* ↑ Aisin Gioro Yingsheng (2004) 满语杂识 (in Chinese), Beijing: 学苑出版社, page 292
* Jerry Norman (2013) A Comprehensive Manchu-English Dictionary, Harvard University Press
# depeople
## English
### Etymology

From de- +‎ people.

### Verb

depeople (third-person singular simple present depeoples, present participle depeopling, simple past and past participle depeopled)
* (transitive) To depopulate.

### References

* “depeople”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# ensemää
## Gagauz
### Etymology

By surface analysis, en- +‎ -se.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enseˈmæː/
* Hyphenation: en‧se‧mää

### Verb

ensemää (third-person singular simple present enseer)
* (transitive) to win, to become victorious over
* (transitive) to beat, to defeat
* (transitive) to overcome

#### Derived terms

* ensenilmää
* enseyici
* enseyiş

### Further reading

* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 62
* Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 31
* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ensemää”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 177
# ekler
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French éclair.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.klɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛklɛr
* Syllabification: e‧kler

### Noun

ekler m inan
* éclair
    Synonyms: eklerek, eklerka

#### Declension
### Noun

ekler m inan
* (literary) zip, zip fastener, zipper
    Synonyms: ekspres, suwak, zamek, zamek błyskawiczny

#### Derived terms

* eklerek
* eklerka

### Further reading

* ekler in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ekler in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ec.lɛɾ/ [e̞c.ʎ̟æɾ̞̊]

### Etymology 1

From French éclair.

#### Noun

ekler (definite accusative ekleri, plural eklerler)
* éclair

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ekler
* nominative plural of ek

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ekler
* third-person singular indicative aorist of eklemek
# дзюдоїстка
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zʲʊdɔˈjistkɐ)]

### Noun

дзюдої́стка • (dzjudojístka) f pers (genitive дзюдої́стки, nominative plural дзюдої́стки, genitive plural дзюдої́сток)
* female equivalent of дзюдої́ст (dzjudojíst): judoka, judoist (practitioner of judo)

#### Related terms

* дзюдо́ m (dzjudó)
* дзюдої́стський (dzjudojístsʹkyj)

### Further reading

* “дзюдоїстка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# كمش
## Arabic

* Root
* ك م ش (k m š)
* 3 terms

### Verb

كَمَشَ • (kamaša) I (non-past يَكْمُشُ (yakmušu), verbal noun كَمْش (kamš))
* to seize
* to grasp

#### Derived terms

* انْكَمَشَ
* كَمَّشَ (kammaša)
* كَمْش (kamš)
qamïš

## Karakhanid
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ (“silver”). Cognate with Turkish gümüş.

### Noun

كُمُشْ (kümüš)
* silver

#### Descendants

* Chagatai:
** Uzbek: kumush
** Uyghur: كۈمۈش (kümüsh)

### References

* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 370
# 발언
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 發言.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pa̠ɾʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [바런]

### Noun

발언 • (bareon) (hanja 發言)
* comment; statement

#### Derived terms

* 발언(發言)하다 (bareonhada)
# aw-aw
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔawˈʔaw/ [ʔaʊ̯ˈʔaʊ̯]
* Rhymes: -aw
* Syllabification: aw-aw

### Noun

aw-áw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜏ᜔ᜀᜏ᜔)
* (colloquial) bark (of dogs)
    Synonyms: tahol, kahol
* (childish) dog
    Synonyms: aso, tsutso
* dog meat

#### Derived terms

* aw-awan
* umaw-aw

### Further reading

* “aw-aw”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qawqaw”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* wawa
# enmää
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish یَكْمَكْ (yeŋmäk), from Proto-Turkic *yẹŋ-. Compare Turkish yenmek, Azerbaijani yenmək.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enˈmæː/
* Hyphenation: en‧mää

### Verb

enmää (third-person singular simple present ener)
* (transitive, somewhat uncommon) to win, to defeat, to beat
    Synonym: ensemää

#### Derived terms

* enilmää
* ensemää

### Further reading

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “enmää”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 177
# tutulmuş
## Turkish
### Etymology

From tut- (“to hold, to grasp, to seize”) +‎ -ul (“passive suffix”) +‎ -muş (“participle suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tu.tuɫˈmuʃ/
* Hyphenation: tu‧tul‧muş

### Adjective

tutulmuş
* (of a joint like neck, waist etc.) stiff, seized up
    Synonym: tutuk
* captured, seized

#### Related terms

* tutku
* tutkun
* tutucu
* tutuklamak
* tutuklu
* tutulmak

### Further reading

* “tutulmuş”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tutulmuş”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4926
# inutilizar
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(ʁ)/ [i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(ʁ)/ [i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(ʁ)/ [i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /i.nu.t͡ʃi.liˈza(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.nu.ti.liˈzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.nu.ti.liˈzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /i.nu.ti.liˈza.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: i‧nu‧ti‧li‧zar

### Verb

inutilizar (first-person singular present inutilizo, first-person singular preterite inutilizei, past participle inutilizado)
* to disable
* to cancel, invalidate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /inutiliˈθaɾ/ [i.nu.t̪i.liˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /inutiliˈsaɾ/ [i.nu.t̪i.liˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: i‧nu‧ti‧li‧zar

### Verb

inutilizar (first-person singular present inutilizo, first-person singular preterite inutilicé, past participle inutilizado)
* to disable
* to make unusable
* to void
* to spoil

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* inútil
* inutilidad
* útil
* utilizar

### Further reading

* “inutilizar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bugok
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *buʀuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

### Noun

bugok
* a rotten egg
* an imbecile
* a simpleton

### Adjective

bugok
* rotten
* imbecile; idiotic
* dumb; stupid

## Masbatenyo
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *buʀuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

### Noun

bugók
* stale egg; rotten egg

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *buʀuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”). Doublet of bulok.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /buˈɡok/ [bʊˈɣok̚]
* Rhymes: -ok
* Syllabification: bu‧gok

### Adjective

bugók (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜄᜓᜃ᜔)
* (of eggs) rotten
    Synonym: bulok
* imbecile; idiotic; dumb; stupid

#### Derived terms

* mabugok

### Noun

bugók (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜄᜓᜃ᜔)
* rotten egg
* imbecile; simpleton

### Further reading

* “bugok”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “bugok”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*buRuk”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# Tannennadel
## German
### Etymology

From Tanne (“fir”) +‎ -n- +‎ Nadel (“needle, pin”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtanənˌnaːdl̩/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Tan‧nen‧na‧del

### Noun

Tannennadel f (genitive Tannennadel, plural Tannennadeln)
* fir needle

#### Hyponyms

* Blautannennadel
* Silbertannennadel

#### Coordinate terms

* Kiefernnadel
* Fichtennadel

#### Related terms

* nadelabwerfend
* Nadelbaum
* Nadelöhr
* Nadelwald
* Sicherheitsnadel
* Stecknadel
* Tannenbaum
* Tannenharz
* Tannenholz
* Tannennadelwald
* Tannenzapfen

### Further reading

* “Tannennadel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Tannennadel” in Duden online
# 통산
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 通算.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰo̞ŋsʰa̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [통산]

### Noun

통산 • (tongsan) (hanja 通算)
* total, sum

#### Derived terms

* 통산(通算)하다 (tongsanhada)
# kıraathane
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قرائتخانه (kıraathane, “a public reading room, a coffee house where newspapers are kept”). By surface analysis, kıraat +‎ -hane.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ.ɾaːt.haːˈne]
* Hyphenation: kı‧ra‧at‧ha‧ne

### Noun

kıraathane (definite accusative kıraathaneyi, plural kıraathaneler)
* coffeehouse
    Synonym: kahvehane
* (archaic) A furnished, spacious coffeehouse that keeps newspapers, periodicals, books for customers to read

#### Related terms

* kari

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قرائتخانه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1444
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قرائتخانه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 953

### Further reading

* “kıraathane”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kıraathane”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2615
# adopsiyon
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* adopsyon — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish adopción (“adoption”), from Latin adoptiōnem. Doublet of adapsiyon.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔadopsiˈon/ [ʔɐ.d̪opˈʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔadopsiˈon/ [ʔɐ.d̪opˈsjon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: a‧dop‧si‧yon

### Noun

adopsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* adoption
    Synonyms: pagkupkop, pag-ampon, pagkalinga, pag-alaga, adapsiyon, pag-adopta

#### Related terms

* adopta
* adoptibo
* iha-adoptiba
* iho-adoptibo
* opsiyon
* opsiyonal

#### See also

* kustodya

### Further reading

* “adopsiyon”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 12
# adhbha
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish adba (“abode, dwelling place”), verbal noun of *ad·fen.

### Noun

adhbha f (genitive singular adhbhadh, nominative plural adhbhtha)
* (literary) abode
* lair
    Synonym: fáir

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
adhbha
adhbhtha
vocative
a adhbha
a adhbhtha
genitive
adhbhadh
adhbhadh
dative
adhbha
adhbhtha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an adhbha
na hadhbhtha
genitive
na hadhbhadh
na n-adhbhadh
dative
leis an adhbha don adhbha
leis na hadhbhtha :

#### Derived terms

* adhbha éaga (“abode of death”)
* adhbha rón (“seal rookery”)
* adhbha sionnach (“foxes' lair”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “adhbha”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 adba”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* “adhbha”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# vyslanec
## Czech
### Etymology

From vyslán +‎ -ec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪslanɛt͡s]

### Noun

vyslanec m anim (female equivalent vyslankyně)
* envoy (an adult male human)
* delegate

#### Derived terms

* velvyslanec
* vyslanecký
* vyslanectví

### Further reading

* “vyslanec”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vyslanec”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# ndiev
## Iu Mien
### Etymology

From Chinese 底 (MC tejX).

### Adverb

ndiev
* under, below
* down, downwards

#### Derived terms

* ga'ndiev
* lungh ndiev
# حاكم
## Arabic

* Root
* ح ك م (ḥ k m)
* 18 terms

### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of the verb حَكَمَ (ḥakama, “to pass judgment”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaː.kim/

### Adjective

حَاكِم • (ḥākim) (feminine حَاكِمَة (ḥākima), masculine plural حُكَّام (ḥukkām) or حَاكِمُون (ḥākimūn), feminine plural حَاكِمَات (ḥākimāt))
* ruling, governing
* decisive

#### Declension
### Noun

حَاكِم • (ḥākim) m (plural حَاكِمُون (ḥākimūn) or حُكَّام (ḥukkām))
* judge
* ruler, sovereign
* governor

#### Descendants

* → Classical Persian: حاکم (ḥākim /⁠hākim⁠/)
** Persian: حاکِم (hâkem)
** Tajik: ҳоким (hokim)
** → Azerbaijani:
    Latin script: hakim
** → Bashkir: хаким (xakim)
** → Chagatai:
*** Uyghur:
    Arabic script: ھاكىم (hakim)
    Cyrillic script: һаким (hakim)
*** Uzbek:
    Latin script: hokim
** → Kazakh:
    Arabic script: اكىم
    Cyrillic script: әкім (äkım)
** → Kyrgyz:
    Cyrillic script: аким (akim)
** → Ottoman Turkish: حاكم (hakim)
*** Turkish: hakim
*** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ха̀ким m
    Latin script: hàkim m
* → Malay: hakim
** Indonesian: hakim
* → Turkmen: häkim
# overtaym
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* obertaim — dated
* obertaym

### Etymology

Borrowed from English overtime.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔoveɾtajm/ [ˌʔoː.vɛɾˈt̪aɪ̯m]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /ˈʔobeɾtajm/ [ˌʔoː.bɛɾˈt̪aɪ̯m]
* Rhymes: -oveɾtajm, (more native-sounding) -obeɾtajm
* Syllabification: o‧ver‧taym

### Noun

óvertáym (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ᜋ᜔)
* overtime

#### Derived terms

* mag-overtaym

### Adverb

óvertáym (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ᜋ᜔)
* overtime
# defibrinate
## English
### Etymology

From de- +‎ fibrin +‎ -ate (verb-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɪˈfaɪbɹɪneɪt/

### Verb

defibrinate (third-person singular simple present defibrinates, present participle defibrinating, simple past and past participle defibrinated)
* (transitive, medicine) (of blood) To remove fibrin from; to deprive of fibrin.
** 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:Van Helsing turning to me, said:— ‘He is so young and strong and of blood so pure that we need not defibrinate it.’

#### Related terms

* defibrination