# 肛

| 肛 | U+809B, &#32923; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-809B |
| ← 肚 [U+809A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肜 → [U+809C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

肛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM) or 難月一 (XBM), four-corner 7121$_0$, composition ⿰月工(GJKV) or ⿰⺼工(HT))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29271
* Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 7
* Unihan data for U+809B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; body”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

### Etymology 1

Unclear. A relatively late word, not attested until the Middle Chinese period.
Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Tibetan གཞང (gzhang, “anus”), but the vowels pose a problem in phonological correspondence (STEDT).
It may be in the same family as 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) and 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”), which both are derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice”), but STEDT suggests that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)a(ŋ/k) (“waist; hips; buttocks; tail; back”) may be a better etymon.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gāng (gang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gang$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang / kàng / kāng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$
*** Yale: gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
*** Tâi-lô: kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
*** Tâi-lô: kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng
*** Tâi-lô: kàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāng
*** Tâi-lô: kāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kang
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/

#### Definitions

肛
* anus
* (neologism, slang) to have anal sex; to anal
** 2002 January 29, 台灣最大色情BBS站KKCITY, “[轉錄]■[求救]如何說服男友再給肛？用RUSH？”, in tw.bbs.literal.asciiart‎ (Usenet):
       huàshuō wǒ bèi gāng zhīhòu yě xiǎng gāng tā... tā què fēicháng kǒngjù bìng fǎntán... wǒ xiǎng zhīqián de jīngyàn shízài bù hǎo, wǒ hěn bènzhuō... luàn gāng yī tōng [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2020, もちぎ [motigi], translated by 林琬清, 《生而為GAY，我很抱歉：我的性決定我的人生》, Taipei: 城邦文化事業, page 33:
       Nà jiù qǐng Chúnjí cóng hòumiàn gāng wǒ, Mòqíjí kànzhe wǒ bèi gāng, zhèyàng kěyǐ ma? [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 肛門 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁股門兒, 眼子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 屁眼, 菊花, 菊部, 菊, 後庭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 屁眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁門子, 腚眼子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 屁眼兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 腚眼, 腚眼子, 腚眼兒, 糞門 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 腚格眼子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 屁股眼兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 溝子門 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溝門子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 溝門子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 腚眼兒, 腚眼子, 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁股眼子, 糞門, 腚門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 溝門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 溝門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 溝門眼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 溝門子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 屁眼兒, 屁兒㞘㞘, 屁兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 屁眼, 屁股門 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 屁眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 屁眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 屁股眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 糞門 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 屁眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 屁眼兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屎窟窿, 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 屎窟窿, 噼噼窿, 屎眼, 菊花, 後庭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屁眼 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 屎窟 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 屁股眼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Changting | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 屎胈窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 屁股眼 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 屎眼 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 糞口 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 糞門, 屎窟門, 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 屎窟空 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 屁股窿 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 屁股眼 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 屎窟眼兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 屁眼 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 屁眼, 屁窟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 腠䫌川, 腠川 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 腠貢 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 屎窟門 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 屎窟川 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 股川空 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 股川空 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口, 尻川斗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 糞口, 尾口 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 尻川頭, 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 尻川頭, 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 尻川仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 尻川頭仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 尻川斗, 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 尻川口 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 尻川口, 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 尻川口 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 糞口, 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 尻川門 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 尻川, 繭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 肛門 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尻川空, 尻川門 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 尻川門 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 腸頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 屎窟窿, 屎窟, 屁股窿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屁眼, 洞疘, 臀疘 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 洞疘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 屎眼, 屎孔 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 洞疘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 洞疘, 屁眼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 屁股眼兒, 洞疘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 屁眼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 臀卵孔頭, 臀卵孔, 臀卵髀頭兒, 屙臀孔 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 屁股洞 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 屁眼 |

#### Compounds

* 探肛
* 洞肛
* 肛交 (gāngjiāo)
* 肛漏 (gānglòu)
* 肛瘻 / 肛瘘 (gānglòu)
* 肛肛
* 肛肛好
* 肛裂 (gāngliè)
* 肛道 (gāngdào)
* 肛門 / 肛门 (gāngmén)
* 胴肛
* 脫肛 / 脱肛 (tuōgāng)
* 舔肛 (tiǎngāng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāng, hāng (gang$^1$, hang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄏㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hang
*** Wade–Giles: hang$^1$
*** Yale: hāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hang
*** Palladius: хан (xan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kaewng, xaewng
Rime :
| Character | 肛 | 肛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 古雙切 | 許江切 |
| Baxter | kaewng | xaewng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠʌŋ/ | /hˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚɔŋ/ | /hᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɔŋ/ | /xɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨwŋ/ | /haɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɔŋ/ | /xɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɔŋ/ | /xɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɔŋ/ | /xɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng | xiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^1$ | hong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋ/, /*qʰroːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肛 | 肛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3996 | 4013 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 江 | 肛 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːŋ/ | /*qʰroːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

肛
* (obsolete, rare) to be swollen

#### Compounds

* 肨肛
* 胮肛

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* anus
* to swell

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: はれる (hareru, 肛れる)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肛 (MC xaewng). Recorded as Middle Korean 하ᇰ (hang) (Yale: hang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 肛 (eumhun 항문 항 (hangmun hang))
* hanja form of 항 (“anus”)

#### Compounds

* 탈항 (脫肛, talhang)
* 항문 (肛門, hangmun)
* 항문과 (肛門科, hangmun'gwa)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

肛: Hán Việt readings: giang, xoang, khang, soang, cương
肛: Nôm readings: giang, dom
* chữ Hán form of giang (“anus”).
* Nôm form of dom (“anus”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (1974).
* 1 2 3 Thiều Chửu (1942).