# fiar
## English
### Etymology

Perhaps from fee +‎ -ar, compare feuar.

### Noun

fiar (plural fiars)
* (Scots law) One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a liferenter.
** 1816, Walter Scott, “The Black Dwarf”, in A Complete Edition of the Waverley Novels, volume 13, published 1831, page 108:I say, since ye hae sae muckle consideration for me, I'se be blithe to accept your kindness; and my mother and me (she's a life-renter, and I am fiar, o' the lands o' Wideopen) would grant you a wadset, or an heritable bond, for the siller, and to pay the annual-rent half-yearly; and Saunders Wyliecoat to draw the bond, and you to be at nae charge wi' the writings.
* The price of grain in the counties of Scotland, as legally fixed on an annual basis.
** 1817, Committee members, Report respecting the Striking of the Fiars of Grain for the Crop of 1816 for the County of Lanark: The Farmers Magazine, volume 18, page 310:It seems to be a practice as improper as it is unnecessary, to strike the fiars in three different qualities of the same species of grain; and it should, in our humble opinion, be discontinued.
** 1842, Fife Fiars, from 1619 to 1841 Inclusive, page vi:It was answered by the Sheriff. 1st, That the Act of Sederunt did not impose any positive injunction on Sheriffs to strike Fiars; that if the Fiars were substantially just, the Court could have no power to reduce them; and that the Act of Sederunt had never been observed in East Lothian; […] .
** 1852, George Paterson, Historical Account of the Fiars in Scotland, page 7:In further confirmation that this is not the date of the origin, it may be stated, that there is very early mention of Commissaries' Fiars, Sir John Connell tracing the commencement of these so far back as the Reformation, when Commissary or Consistorial Courts were established, in place of those of the bishops or their officials; and notice is taken of the Fiars prices of grain in the records of the Commissary Court so far back as 1564—somewhat earlier than the statute above quoted.

#### Derived terms

* fiars prices
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “fiar”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* RIFA, fair, rifa-

## Bavarian
### Etymology 1

From Old High German furi. Cognate with German für.

#### Preposition

fiar
* Form of fia used before a vowel.

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* via

#### Numeral

fiar
* four

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere (“to trust”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fiˈa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fiˈaɾ]

### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fio, first-person singular preterite fií, past participle fiat)
* (transitive) to sell on credit
* (reflexive) to trust [with de]
    Synonym: confiar
    Antonym: malfiar-se

#### Derived terms

* fiable
* fiança
* malfiar
* refiar-se

#### Further reading

* “fiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin ferrum. Compare Italian ferro, Romanian and Romansch fier, Friulian fiêr, French fer, Sardinian ferru, Spanish hierro.

### Noun

fiar m
* iron

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfjaɾ/ [ˈfjaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese fiar, from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere. Compare Portuguese and Spanish fiar.

#### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado) fiar (first-person singular present fio, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado, reintegrationist norm)
* to guarantee
* to sell on credit, give credit
* to entrust
* to confide

##### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

##### Related terms

* confiar
* fe
* fiel
* fiúza

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese fiar, from Late Latin fīlāre, from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Derivable from fío +‎ -ar. Compare Portuguese fiar, Spanish hilar.

#### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado)
* to spin (make yarn)
** 1911, Francisco Portela Pérez, O pé da lareira:Fiaba a seña Marica unha boa mazaroca de liño: mollaba nos lábeos os dous pormeiros dedos da man esquerda e tirando cara abaixo faguía un fío daquel manoxo de estrigas, mentras que ca dereita enredábaio no fuso, que bailaba de demoro.lady Mary was spinning a large spindleful of flax: she moistened the fist two finger of her left hand on her lips and, pulling down, she was making a thread of that handful of stricks, while with her right hand she was winding it in the spindle, which danced slowly
* to string together, put together (words or ideas)

##### Related terms

* fiado
* fiandeira
* fío

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “fiar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “fiar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fiar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fiar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fiar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fiar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish fíar, from Proto-Celtic *weiros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁y- (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʲiəɾˠ/

### Noun

fiar m (genitive singular fiair, nominative plural fiara)
* slant, tilt, bias, obliquity
* bend, twist; crookedness, perverseness

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
fiar
fiara
vocative
a fhiair
a fhiara
genitive
fiair
fiar
dative
fiar
fiara
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an fiar
na fiara
genitive
an fhiair
na bhfiar
dative
leis an bhfiar don fhiar
leis na fiara :

### Adjective

fiar (genitive singular masculine féir, genitive singular feminine féire, plural fiara, comparative féire)
* slanting, tilted, oblique, diagonal, crosswise
* bent, warped, crooked, perverse

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* fiarshúil

### Verb

fiar (present analytic fiarann, future analytic fiarfaidh, verbal noun fiaradh, past participle fiartha)
* slant, tilt, veer, turn
* bend, twist, distort

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | fiaraim | fiarann tú; fiarair$^†$ | fiarann sé, sí | fiaraimid | fiarann sibh | fiarann siad; fiaraid$^†$ | a fhiarann; a fhiaras / a bhfiarann* | fiartar |
| indicative | past | d'fhiar mé; d'fhiaras / fhiar mé‡; fhiaras‡ | d'fhiar tú; d'fhiarais / fhiar tú; fhiarais‡ | d'fhiar sé, sí / fhiar sé, sí‡ | d'fhiaramar; d'fhiar muid / fhiaramar; fhiar muid‡ | d'fhiar sibh; d'fhiarabhair / fhiar sibh; fhiarabhair‡ | d'fhiar siad; d'fhiaradar / fhiar siad; fhiaradar‡ | a d'fhiar / ar fhiar* | fiaradh |
| indicative | past habitual | d'fhiarainn / fhiarainn‡; bhfiarainn‡‡ | d'fhiartá / fhiartá‡; bhfiartá‡‡ | d'fhiaradh sé, sí / fhiaradh sé, sí‡; bhfiaradh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiaraimis; d'fhiaradh muid / fhiaraimis; fhiaradh muid‡; bhfiaraimis‡‡; bhfiaradh muid‡‡ | d'fhiaradh sibh / fhiaradh sibh‡; bhfiaradh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiaraidís; d'fhiaradh siad / fhiaraidís; fhiaradh siad‡; bhfiaraidís‡‡; bhfiaradh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiaradh / a bhfiaradh* | d'fhiartaí / fhiartaí‡; bhfiartaí‡‡ |
| future | future | fiarfaidh mé; fiarfad | fiarfaidh tú; fiarfair$^†$ | fiarfaidh sé, sí | fiarfaimid; fiarfaidh muid | fiarfaidh sibh | fiarfaidh siad; fiarfaid$^†$ | a fhiarfaidh; a fhiarfas / a bhfiarfaidh* | fiarfar |
| conditional | conditional | d'fhiarfainn / fhiarfainn‡; bhfiarfainn‡‡ | d'fhiarfá / fhiarfá‡; bhfiarfá‡‡ | d'fhiarfadh sé, sí / fhiarfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiarfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiarfaimis; d'fhiarfadh muid / fhiarfaimis‡; fhiarfadh muid‡; bhfiarfaimis‡‡; bhfiarfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiarfadh sibh / fhiarfadh sibh‡; bhfiarfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiarfaidís; d'fhiarfadh siad / fhiarfaidís‡; fhiarfadh siad‡; bhfiarfaidís‡‡; bhfiarfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiarfadh / a bhfiarfadh* | d'fhiarfaí / fhiarfaí‡; bhfiarfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfiara mé; go bhfiarad$^†$ | go bhfiara tú; go bhfiarair$^†$ | go bhfiara sé, sí | go bhfiaraimid; go bhfiara muid | go bhfiara sibh | go bhfiara siad; go bhfiaraid$^†$ | — | go bhfiartar |
| subjunctive | past | dá bhfiarainn | dá bhfiartá | dá bhfiaradh sé, sí | dá bhfiaraimis; dá bhfiaradh muid | dá bhfiaradh sibh | dá bhfiaraidís; dá bhfiaradh siad | — | dá bhfiartaí |
| imperative | imperative | fiaraim | fiar | fiaradh sé, sí | fiaraimis | fiaraigí; fiaraidh$^†$ | fiaraidís | — | fiartar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh | fiaradh |
| past participle | past participle | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha | fiartha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fíar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 110

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fiar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “fiar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “fiar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Norman
### Etymology

From Latin ferus (compare French fier).

### Adjective

fiar m
* (Guernsey) pleased

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fi.ˈaɾ/
* Rhymes: -aɾ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere.

#### Verb

fiar
* to trust

##### Related terms

* fiador

##### Descendants

* Galician: fiar
* Portuguese: fiar

#### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "fiar$_1$"

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Late Latin fīlāre.

#### Verb

fiar
* to spin (thread)

##### Related terms

* fio

##### Descendants

* Galician: fiar
* Portuguese: fiar

#### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "fiar$_2$"

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fiˈa(ʁ)/ [fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ʁ)/ [ˈfja(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /fiˈa(ʁ)/ [fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ʁ)/ [ˈfja(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /fiˈa(ɾ)/ [fɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /fiˈa(ʁ)/ [fɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ʁ)/ [ˈfja(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fiˈa(ɻ)/ [fɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfja(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfjaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfjaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈfja.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: fi‧ar

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fiar, from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere. Compare Galician and Spanish fiar.

#### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fio, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado)
* (Portugal) to trust
    Synonyms: confiar, acreditar

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fiar, from Late Latin fīlāre, from Latin fīlum. Derivable from fio +‎ -ar. Compare Galician fiar, Spanish hilar.

#### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fio, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado)
* to spin (thread)

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Derived terms

* desfiar

### Related terms

* fio

### References

* 1 2 “fiar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* fiaraich (verb)

### Etymology

From Middle Irish fíar, from Proto-Celtic *weiros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁-y (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiəɾ/

### Adjective

fiar (comparative fiara)
* bent, crooked
* slanting, oblique
* squinting (of an eye)
* cunning, sly

### Verb

fiar (past dh'fhiar, future fiaraidh, verbal noun fiaradh, past participle fiarte)
* bend (become bent)
* bend, slant, twist

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “fiar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fíar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish fiar, from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere with a change in conjugation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfjaɾ/ [ˈfjaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: fiar

### Verb

fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fie, past participle fiado)
* to guarantee
* to sell on credit; to give credit; to put on the slate
* to entrust
* to confide
* (reflexive) (+ de) to trust
    Synonym: confiar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* de fiar

#### Related terms

* afianzar
* confianza
* confiar
* confidencial
* confidente
* desafiar
* desafío
* desconfiado
* fe
* fiado
* fianza
* fiel

#### Further reading

* “fiar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10