# dod
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /dɑd/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɒd/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Etymology 1

From Irish dod (“sullenness, anger”).

#### Noun

dod (plural dods)
* (Ulster) sulk, huff

### Etymology 2

From Scots daud (“large piece”).

#### Noun

dod (plural dods)
* (Ireland) lump

### Etymology 3

From Middle English dodden.

#### Alternative forms

* dodd

#### Verb

dod (third-person singular simple present dods, present participle dodding, simple past and past participle dodded)
* (transitive) to cut off, as wool from sheep's tails, or horns from a cattle; to lop or clip off
** 1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Perth:Angus-shire dodded cattle
** 1906, The Flock Book of Wensleydale Blue-faced Sheep, page 57:Messrs. Toogood and Son’s Bronze Championship Medal for best dodded sheep of any pure breed.

##### Derived terms

* doddard
* dodman

### Etymology 4

Abbreviation of "Tommy Dodd".

#### Noun

dod (plural dods)
* (rail transport, UK) A ground signal, such as a shunting disc.
** 1951 October, Norman Crump, “Signalling at Thorpe-le-Soken”, in Railway Magazine, page 649:Shunting discs (or "dods") are generously provided, and following modern practice, most of them permit a movement in any direction for which the road is set.

### References

* ↑ “dod”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* ↑ The Signalling Record Society

### See also

* hoddy-dod (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* Odd, DDO, -odd, OD'd, ODD, odd

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /d̪ˠɔd̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /d̪ˠʌd̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

Related to Scottish Gaelic dod; both are of uncertain origin, perhaps imitative.

#### Noun

dod m (genitive singular doid)
* sullenness, anger
* restiveness

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
dod
vocative
a dhoid
genitive
doid
dative
dod
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an dod
genitive
an doid
dative
leis an dod don dod :

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ad, dod', dot

#### Contraction

dod (triggers lenition)
* (Munster) Contraction of do do (“to your sg, for your sg”).
    Tabhair aire dod ghnóthaí féin! ― Mind your own business!

##### Related terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dod”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dod”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dod”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dod”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page dod

## Latvian
### Verb

dod
* inflection of dot:
** second/third-person singular present indicative
** third-person plural present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of dot
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of dot

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* dyfod (literary)
* dŵad (North Wales)

### Etymology

From older, now literary, dyfod, from Middle Welsh dyuot. A highly suppletive verb. The verbal noun is from dy- +‎ bod (“to be”). The other forms are from Proto-Celtic *toageti, itself also a suppletive verb (stemming from *h₂eǵ- and *pelh₂-). See also Old Irish do·aig (“to drive off”). See also mynd, which inherited the unprefixed counterparts of this verb. The second-person singular imperative forms additionally stem from a prefixed form of *reteti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːd/
* Rhymes: -oːd

### Verb

dod (first-person singular present dof)
* to come
    Mae hi'n dod o Abertawe.She comes from Swansea.
    Mae e'n dod i Gaerdydd. (Southern)He is coming to Cardiff.
    Dw i'n dŵad o Fangor. (Northern)I come from Bangor.
    Dan ni'n dŵad adre 'fory. (Northern)We're coming home tomorrow.
    Mae Dafydd yn dod o'r dde yn wreiddiol, ond mae o'n byw 'ma rŵan. (Northern)Dafydd comes from the south originally, but he lives here now.
    Wnes i ddod. (an example of the Preterite II construction)I came.
* to become (followed by yn + noun or adjective)
    dod yn ddyn perffaith ― to become a perfect person
    dod yn fawr ― to become big

#### Conjugation

| Literary forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal |
| Literary forms | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | deuaf, dof | deui, doi | daw, dêl | deuwn, down | deuwch, dewch, dowch | deuant, dônt | deuir, doir |
| imperfect indicative/conditional | deuwn, down | deuit, doit, deuet | deuai, dôi | deuem, doem | deuech, doech | deuent, doent | deuid, doid, doed |
| preterite | deuthum | daethost | daeth | daethom | daethoch | daethont, daethant | daethpwyd, deuwyd, doed, dowd |
| pluperfect | daethwn | daethit | daethai | daethem | daethech | daethent | daethid |
| present subjunctive | delwyf | delych, delech | dêl, delo | delom | deloch | delont | deler |
| imperfect subjunctive | delwn | delit | delai | delem | delech | delent | delid |
| imperative | — | dere, tyrd, tyred | deued, doed, deled | deuwn, down | deuwch, dewch, dowch | deuent, doent, delent | deuer, doer, deler |
| verbal noun | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad |
| verbal adjectives | dyfodol | dyfodol | dyfodol | dyfodol | dyfodol | dyfodol | dyfodol |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| preterite | des i, dois i, deles i, deses i, dethes i, detho i | dest ti, doist ti, delest ti, desest ti, dethest ti | daeth o/e/hi, dôth o/e/hi, delodd e/hi, desodd e/hi, dethodd e/hi | daethon ni, delon ni, deson ni, dethon ni | daethoch chi, deloch chi, desoch chi, dethoch chi | daethon nhw, delon nhw, deson nhw, dethon nhw |
| future | dof i, do i, daf i, da i | doi di, dei di | daw o/e/hi, deith o/e/hi, deiff e/hi | down ni, dawn ni, dewn ni | dewch chi | dôn nhw, dân nhw, dewn nhw |
| conditional | down i, delwn i, delen i, deswn i, dethwn i | doet ti, delet ti, deset ti, dethet ti | dôi o/e/hi, delai fe/hi, desai fe/hi, dethai fe/hi | doen ni, delen ni, desen ni, dethen ni | doech chi, delech chi, desech chi, dethech chi | doen nhw, delen nhw, desen nhw, dethen nhw |
| imperative | — | tyrd, dere | — | — | dewch, dowch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

#### Derived terms

* dod â (“to bring”)
* dod i fod (“to come to be”)
* dod o hyd (“to find”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.