# tost
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

tost
* (obsolete) simple past and past participle of toss
** 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto I. The Chase.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza XXII, page 28:A wanderer, here by fortune tost, / My way, my friends, my courser lost, / I ne'er before, believe me, fair, / Have ever drawn your mountain air, / Till on this lake's romantic strand, / I found a fay in fairy land.

##### Derived terms

* tempest-tost

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

tost (countable and uncountable, plural tosts)
* Obsolete spelling of toast.
** c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], page 52, column 1:Go, fetch me a quart of Sacke, put a toſt in't.

### Anagrams

* Otts, tots, TOTs, TSTO, TTOs, stot

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin tostum, the neuter of tostus. Cognate with French tôt, Italian tosto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtɔst]

### Adverb

tost
* (archaic or dialectal) soon
    Synonym: aviat

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

tost
* inflection of tosen:
** second-person singular/plural present
** third-person singular present
** plural imperative

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ˠɔsˠt̪ˠ/, /t̪ˠɞsˠt̪ˠ/

### Noun

tost m (genitive singular tost, nominative plural tostanna)
* silence
    Bí i do thost! ― Be silent!, Be quiet!, Shut up!
    Is binn béal ina thost. (proverb)A silent mouth is sweet.
* verbal noun of tost

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
tost
tostanna
vocative
a thost
a thostanna
genitive
tosta
tostanna
dative
tost
tostanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tost
na tostanna
genitive
an tosta
na dtostanna
dative
leis an tost don tost
leis na tostanna :

#### Derived terms

* tostach

### Verb

tost (present analytic tostann, future analytic tostfaidh, verbal noun tost, past participle tosta)
* (intransitive) be silent, become silent
    Thost sé bomaite.He remained silent a while.

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | tostaim | tostann tú; tostair$^†$ | tostann sé, sí | tostaimid | tostann sibh | tostann siad; tostaid$^†$ | a thostann; a thostas / a dtostann* | tostar |
| indicative | past | thost mé; thostas | thost tú; thostais | thost sé, sí | thostamar; thost muid | thost sibh; thostabhair | thost siad; thostadar | a thost / ar thost* | tostadh |
| indicative | past habitual | thostainn / dtostainn‡‡ | thostá / dtostá‡‡ | thostadh sé, sí / dtostadh sé, sí‡‡ | thostaimis; thostadh muid / dtostaimis‡‡; dtostadh muid‡‡ | thostadh sibh / dtostadh sibh‡‡ | thostaidís; thostadh siad / dtostaidís‡‡; dtostadh siad‡‡ | a thostadh / a dtostadh* | thostaí / dtostaí‡‡ |
| future | future | tostfaidh mé; tostfad | tostfaidh tú; tostfair$^†$ | tostfaidh sé, sí | tostfaimid; tostfaidh muid | tostfaidh sibh | tostfaidh siad; tostfaid$^†$ | a thostfaidh; a thostfas / a dtostfaidh* | tostfar |
| conditional | conditional | thostfainn / dtostfainn‡‡ | thostfá / dtostfá‡‡ | thostfadh sé, sí / dtostfadh sé, sí‡‡ | thostfaimis; thostfadh muid / dtostfaimis‡‡; dtostfadh muid‡‡ | thostfadh sibh / dtostfadh sibh‡‡ | thostfaidís; thostfadh siad / dtostfaidís‡‡; dtostfadh siad‡‡ | a thostfadh / a dtostfadh* | thostfaí / dtostfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go dtosta mé; go dtostad$^†$ | go dtosta tú; go dtostair$^†$ | go dtosta sé, sí | go dtostaimid; go dtosta muid | go dtosta sibh | go dtosta siad; go dtostaid$^†$ | — | go dtostar |
| subjunctive | past | dá dtostainn | dá dtostá | dá dtostadh sé, sí | dá dtostaimis; dá dtostadh muid | dá dtostadh sibh | dá dtostaidís; dá dtostadh siad | — | dá dtostaí |
| imperative | imperative | tostaim | tost | tostadh sé, sí | tostaimis | tostaigí; tostaidh$^†$ | tostaidís | — | tostar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | tost | tost | tost | tost | tost | tost | tost | tost |
| past participle | past participle | tosta | tosta | tosta | tosta | tosta | tosta | tosta | tosta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 177, page 90
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tostaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “tost”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “tost”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old French toster.

#### Verb

tost
* Alternative form of tosten

### Etymology 2

A back-formation from tosten.

#### Alternative forms

* toste, toost

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔːst/
* Rhymes: -ɔːst

#### Noun

tost (plural tostes)
* toast (bread that has been toasted)

##### Descendants

* English: toast
* Scots: toast

##### References

* “tōst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-14.

## Old French
### Etymology

Possibly from Latin tot (“very”) + cito (“fast”), but more likely from Vulgar Latin *tostum, from the neuter of Latin tostus (“toasted”), later meaning "hotly, promptly" in Vulgar Latin. Cognate to Italian tosto, Occitan and Catalan tost.

### Pronunciation

* (classical) IPA: /ˈtɔst/
* (late) IPA: /ˈtoːt/

### Adverb

tost
* early
* soon
* quickly; straight away

#### Derived terms

* bientost
* tantost

#### Descendants

* French: tôt
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: toste
** Galician: toste
** Portuguese: toste

#### References

* Brachet, A. (1873) “tot”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
* Etymology and history of “chignon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tustus, from the same root as tóe. Several phonological peculiarities relating to the evolution of this term, such as irregular final -st (which should have become -s(s) /s/) and the initial consonant fluctuating between t- and s-, are probably due to contamination from its synonym, socht. This contamination intensified over time, giving birth to Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish forms like tocht and sosd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtost/

### Noun

tost m (genitive unattested, no plural)
* silence
    Synonym: socht

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: tost, tocht
** Irish: tost
** Scottish Gaelic: tost

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English toast. Doublet of toast.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔst/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔst
* Syllabification: tost

### Noun

tost m inan
* toast (toasted bread)
    Synonym: grzanka
* grilled cheese, toastie, melt

#### Derived terms

* tostowy
* tostownica

#### Related terms

* toster

### Further reading

* tost in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tost in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* tosd

### Etymology

From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ʰɔs̪t̪]

### Noun

tost m (genitive singular tost, no plural)
* silence

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “tost”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “tost”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Turkish
### Etymology

From English toast.

### Noun

tost (definite accusative tostu, plural tostlar)
* toast

## Venetan
### Etymology

Compare Italian toast

### Noun

tost m (invariable)
* toasted sandwich

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /toːsd/, [tʰoːst]
* (South Wales) IPA: /tɔsd/, [tʰɔst]
* Rhymes: -ɔsd

### Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh tost, perhaps from Latin tostus (“roasted, parched”) via a Proto-Brythonic *tost, though the semantic development is unclear.

#### Adjective

tost (feminine singular tost, plural tostion, equative tosted, comparative tostach, superlative tostaf)
* ill
* sore

##### Derived terms

* pen tost (“headache”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English toast, from Middle English tosten, from Old French toster, from Latin tostus.

#### Noun

tost m (uncountable)
* toast
    Synonym: bara cras

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tost”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies