OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# chlorophyll
## English
### Alternative forms

* chlorophyl (dated)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French chlorophylle, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”) and φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈklɔː.ɹə.fɪl/, /ˈklɒɹ.ə.fɪl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/

### Noun

chlorophyll (usually uncountable, plural chlorophylls)
* (biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.

#### Hypernyms

* chlorin
* pigment

#### Meronyms

* porphyrin ring
* phytol chain

#### Coordinate terms

* anthocyanin, carotenoid, xanthophyll

#### Derived terms

* achlorophyllous
* bacteriochlorophyll
* chlorophyll a
* chlorophyllase
* chlorophyll b
* chlorophyll c
* chlorophyll c1
* chlorophyll c2
* chlorophyll c3
* chlorophyll d
* chlorophyll f
* chlorophyllic
* chlorophyllide
* chlorophyllin
* chlorophylloid
* chlorophyllose
* chlorophyllous
* protochlorophyll
# babili
## Bambara
### Etymology

From ba (“river”) +‎ bili (“cover”).

### Noun

babili
* bridge (over a river)

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French babiller.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [baˈbili]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ili
* Hyphenation: ba‧bi‧li

### Verb

babili (present babilas, past babilis, future babilos, conditional babilus, volitive babilu)
* (intransitive) to chat, chatter, talk

#### Derived terms

* babilaĉi
* babilema (“talkative, loquacious, chatty”)

#### Descendants

* Ido: babilar

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baˈbili/

### Noun

babili
* plural of babilo
# dansen
## Catalan
### Verb

dansen
* third-person plural present indicative of dansar

## Danish
### Noun

dansen
* definite singular of dans

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɑnsə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dan‧sen
* Rhymes: -ɑnsən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dansen, from Old French danc(i)er.

#### Verb

dansen
* (intransitive) to dance

##### Derived terms

* afdansen
* dansbaar
* dansbeer
* danser
* dansfeest
* danshuis
* dansmarieke
* danspaar
* dansplaat
* dansschool
* dansstudio
* dansvee
* danszaal
* dansziek
* meedansen
* naar iemands pijpen dansen
* ronddansen
* verdansen
* voordansen

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: dans
* → Indonesian: dansa
** → Petjo: dansa
* → Sranan Tongo: dansie
** → Caribbean Javanese: dangsi, dhangsi, dansah, dansi, dhansi

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

dansen
* plural of dans

## Middle Dutch
### Alternative forms

* danzen

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French danc(i)er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdansən/

### Verb

dansen
* to dance (around)

#### Descendants

* Dutch: dansen
* Limburgish: danse
* → Middle High German: tanzen
** Bavarian: tånzn
** Cimbrian: tåntzan
** German: tanzen
** Luxembourgish: danzen
** Vilamovian: tanca
** Yiddish: טאַנצן (tantsn)

### Further reading

* “dansen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dansen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

dansen m
* definite singular of dans

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

dansen m
* definite singular of dans

## Swedish
### Noun

dansen
* definite singular of dans

### Anagrams

* Dannes, andens, sanden
# Uỷ ban Thường vụ Quốc hội
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* Ủy ban Thường vụ Quốc hội

### Etymology

uỷ ban (“committee”) +‎ thường vụ (“standing”) +‎ quốc hội (“national assembly”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔwi˧˩ ʔɓaːn˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ vu˧˨ʔ kuək̚˧˦ hoj˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔwɪj˧˨ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩ vʊw˨˩ʔ kuək̚˦˧˥ hoj˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [(ʔ)wɪj˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ vʊw˨˩˨ wək̚˦˥ hoj˨˩˨] ~ [(ʔ)wɪj˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ jʊw˨˩˨ wək̚˦˥ hoj˨˩˨]

### Proper noun

Uỷ ban Thường vụ Quốc hội
* (Vietnam, politics) the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (the highest standing body of the National Assembly of Vietnam)
# elated
## English
### Etymology

Latin elatus (“raised”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

elated (comparative more elated, superlative most elated)
* Extremely happy and excited; delighted; pleased, euphoric.
    She was elated with her new car.

#### Synonyms

* ecstatic
* euphoric
* exultant
* joyful
* jubilant
* overjoyed

#### Antonyms

* displeased
* dissatisfied

#### Derived terms

* elatedly (adverb)
* elatedness
* unelated

#### Related terms

* elation (noun)

#### Translations
### Verb

elated
* simple past and past participle of elate

### Anagrams

* delate
# Pháp thuộc
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 法屬 (“dependent on France”)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [faːp̚˧˦ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [faːp̚˦˧˥ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [faːp̚˦˥ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

### Adjective

Pháp thuộc
* (historical, chiefly of a period of time) when Vietnam was colonized by France
    thời Pháp thuộcwhen we were colonized by the French

#### Usage notes

* Not to be confused with thuộc Pháp (“French”, of a dependency).

### See also

* Bắc thuộc
# phagocytosis
## English
### Etymology

From German Phagocytosis; equivalent to phagocyte +‎ -osis; compare French phagocytose.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌfeɪ.ɡəʊ.saɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌfeɪ.ɡoʊ.saɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊsɪs
* Hyphenation: pha‧go‧cy‧to‧sis

### Noun

phagocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural phagocytoses)
* (immunology, cytology) A form of endocytosis in which a cell incorporates a particle by extending pseudopodia and drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm.
** 1889 April 13, William Osler, “Original Lectures: On Phagocytes”, in Medical Record, volume 35, number 15, page 393:On account of the possession of this property, Metschnikoff has suggested for these groups of cells the term phagocytes, as expressive of their most distinctive feature, and for the process in general the term phagocytosis.

#### Derived terms

* antiphagocytosis
* autophagocytosis
* cytophagocytosis
* dysphagocytosis
* elastophagocytosis
* endophagocytosis
* erythrophagocytosis
* hemophagocytosis
* microphagocytosis
* myophagocytosis
* opsonophagocytosis
* phagocytize
* phagocytotic
* postphagocytosis
# maabala
## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From abala +‎ ma-

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maaˈbala/ [ma.aˈba.la]
* Rhymes: -ala
* Syllabification: ma‧a‧ba‧la

### Verb

maabala
* to be bothered or be molested

### Further reading

* * Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*abála”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# আণ্ঠু
## Early Assamese
### Etymology

From Sanskrit অষ্ঠীৱৎ (aṣṭhīvat), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaṣṭʰiHwánts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HastčiHwánts. Cognate with Sylheti ꠀꠑꠥ (aṭú), Bengali হাঁটু (hãṭu), Odia ଆଣ୍ଠୁ (āṇṭhu).

### Noun

আণ্ঠু (aṇṭhu)
* knee
** Shishu leela :আণ্ঠু কাঢ়ি ৰিঙ্গ পাড়ি ফুৰা ব্ৰজ মাঝে। সোণাৰ ঘুঙ্গুৰচয় কঙ্কালত বাজে॥aṇṭhu kaṛhi riṅgo paṛi phura brojo majhe, söṇaro ghuṅgurocoyo koṅkaloto baje.Genuflecting (snatching knees), crawling, you roam in Braja, The golden ghungurs ring on the waist.

#### Derived terms

* আণ্ঠু কাঢ় (aṇṭhu kaṛho)

#### Descendants

* Assamese: আঁঠু (ãthu), আণ্ঠু (anthu)
* Tiwa: আন্থু (anthu)
# rondine
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin hirundō, hirundinem. Compare French hirondelle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈron.di.ne/
* Rhymes: -ondine
* Hyphenation: rón‧di‧ne
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

rondine f (plural rondini)
* (ornithology) swallow
    una rondine non fa primavera ― one swallow does not a summer make

#### Derived terms

* rondine comune
* rondine di mare
* rondine montana
* rondinella
* rondinetta
* rondinina
* rondinino
* rondinotto

### See also

* rondone

### Further reading

* rondine in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* rondine in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa

### Anagrams

* drenino
# bulbo
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bulbo (accusative singular bulbon, plural bulboj, accusative plural bulbojn)
* bulb (of a plant, e.g. of an onion or tulip).
* onion (see also cepo)

## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin bulbus (“bulb, onion”), from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “plant with round swelling on underground stem”).

### Noun

bulbo m (plural bulbos)
* bulb (of a plant)

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bulbus, from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “plant with round swelling on underground stem”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbul.bo/
* Rhymes: -ulbo
* Hyphenation: bùl‧bo

### Noun

bulbo m (plural bulbi)
* bulb
* ball, globe
* light bulb, light globe
* breakwater ((nautical) a low bulkhead across the forecastle deck of a ship)

#### Related terms

* bulbifero
* bulbiforme
* bulbillo
* bulbo oculare
* bulboso

## Latin
### Noun

bulbō
* dative/ablative singular of bulbus

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin bulbus (“bulb, onion”), from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “plant with round swelling on underground stem”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbuw.bu/ [ˈbuʊ̯.bu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbuw.bu/ [ˈbuʊ̯.bu]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbuw.bo/ [ˈbuʊ̯.bo]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbul.bu/ [ˈbuɫ.βu]
* Hyphenation: bul‧bo

### Noun

bulbo m (plural bulbos)
* bulb (object that is spherical at one end and tapering at the other)
** (botany) bulb (bulb-shaped root portion of a plant)
    Synonym: bolbo
** the glass envelope of a light bulb

#### Related terms

* bulboso

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bulbus (“bulb, onion”), from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “plant with round swelling on underground stem”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbulbo/ [ˈbul.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -ulbo
* Syllabification: bul‧bo

### Noun

bulbo m (plural bulbos)
* (botany) bulb
* (electronics) vacuum tube

#### Derived terms

* bulbo raquídeo
* bulboso

### Further reading

* “bulbo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# immunoelectrophoresis
## English
### Etymology

From immuno- +‎ electrophoresis.

### Noun

immunoelectrophoresis (countable and uncountable, plural immunoelectrophoreses)
* A technique, using a combination of protein electrophoresis and an antigen-antibody interaction, to separate mixtures of proteins and identify them.

#### Derived terms

* counterimmunoelectrophoresis
* radioimmunoelectrophoresis

#### Related terms

* immunoelectroosmophoresis
* immunoelectrophoretic
* immunoelectrophoretically

#### Translations
### See also

* immunodiffusion
# browning
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɹaʊ.nɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʊnɪŋ

### Noun

browning (countable and uncountable, plural brownings)
* The act or operation of giving a brown colour, as to gun barrels, cooked food, etc.
* Any of various preparations used to impart a brown colour to gravy, leather, etc.
* (masonry) A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster.
* (Jamaica, countable) A brown-skinned person.
** 2017, “Peng Ting”, performed by Mackareo:One or two white gyal / Three or four lighties / Five or six darkies / Seven or eight brownings

#### Coordinate terms

* (gun barrels): bluing

#### Derived terms

* antibrowning
* browning shot
* Maillard browning

#### Related terms

* brownification
* embrowning

### Verb

browning
* present participle and gerund of brown

## Jamaican Creole
### Alternative forms

* brownin, brownin'

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɹɔʊ̯nɪn/
* Hyphenation: brow‧ning

### Etymology 1

Blend of brown (“lightskin”) +‎ -ing.

#### Noun

browning (plural browning dem, quantified browning)
* a lightskin female (of colour)
    Synonym: brown gyal
    Psst! Browning! Sexy dawta! Yuh nuh hear big man a call yuh?Hey, light-skinned girl! Sexy lady! Don't you hear me calling you over?
** 2002, Mervyn C. Alleyne, The Construction and Representation of Race and Ethnicity in the Caribbean (in English), →ISBN, page 225:One such song went thus: […] Dem a bleach up dem skin To look like browning […]One such song went thus: […] They're using skin-lightening creams to look like light-skinned girls. […]

##### Related terms

* brown (“lightskin”)
* brown man (“lightskin male (of colour)”)

##### See also

* empress (“m'lady”)
* high colour (“fair”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

browning (plural browning dem, quantified browning)
* browning (caramel-based food additive)
    Dis waan likkle supn. Put een likkle browning.This needs a little something. Add a little browning.
** 2019, Krysta Anderson, “Bun in the oven?”, in The Jamaica Gleaner‎ (in English):“Preheat oven to 150ºC/300ºF. Grease a loaf pan with baking spray or margarine; set aside. In a large mixing bowl, beat eggs until foamy, add vanilla, molasses (if use[sic]) browning, stout, melted butter and sugar, mix until the granules dissolve. […] ”

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* brauning (less common)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Browning, named after American firearm designer John Browning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbraw.ɲiŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -awɲiŋk
* Syllabification: brow‧ning

### Noun

browning m inan
* (firearms) any type of semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Browning Arms Company

#### Declension
### Further reading

* browning in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* browning in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Browning.

### Noun

browning n (plural browninguri)
* Browning (gun)

#### Declension
### References

* browning in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# ĉambro
## Esperanto
### Alternative forms

* chambro (H-system spelling)
* cxambro (X-system spelling)

### Etymology

From French chambre. Doublet of kamerao and kamero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃambro]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ambro
* Hyphenation: ĉam‧bro

### Noun

ĉambro (accusative singular ĉambron, plural ĉambroj, accusative plural ĉambrojn)
* room
* chamber

#### Derived terms

* antaŭĉambro (“antechamber”)
* ĉambraro (“apartment”)
* ĉambrego
* dormĉambro
* eĥoĉambro
* manĝoĉambro
# kaftan
## English
### Alternative forms

* caftan

### Etymology

Via Russian кафта́н (kaftán), from Ottoman Turkish قفتان (kaftan), from Persian خفتان (xaftân), which occurs already in the Shāhnāma.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˈkæf.tæn/.
* (where?) IPA: /ˈkæf.tən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

kaftan (plural kaftans)
* A long tunic worn in the Eastern Mediterranean.
* A long dress or shirt similar in style to those worn in the Eastern Mediterranean.

#### Derived terms

* kaftanlike

#### Translations
### Further reading

* kaftan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Turkish kaftan, from Ottoman Turkish قفتان (kaftan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkaftan]
* Hyphenation: kaf‧tan

### Noun

kaftan m inan
* kaftan

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kaftan”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kaftan”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay kaftan, from Classical Persian خفتان (xaftān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaftan/
* Hyphenation: kaf‧tan
* Rhymes: -tan, -an, -n

### Noun

kaftan (plural kaftan-kaftan)
* kaftan

### References

* ↑ Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

### Further reading

* “kaftan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قفتان.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaf.tan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aftan
* Syllabification: kaf‧tan

### Noun

kaftan m inan (diminutive kaftanik, augmentative kaftanisko)
* kaftan (long tunic worn in the Eastern Mediterranean)
    Synonym: (dialectal) jaka
* kaftan (long dress or shirt similar in style to those worn in the Eastern Mediterranean)
    Synonym: (dialectal) jaka

#### Derived terms

* kaftan bezpieczeństwa

#### Related terms

* kaftaniczek

### Further reading

* kaftan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kaftan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* kaftan in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Noun

kaftan m (plural kaftans)
* Alternative form of caftan

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قفتان (kaftan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǎftan/
* Hyphenation: kaf‧tan

### Noun

kàftan m (Cyrillic spelling ка̀фтан)
* kaftan

#### Declension
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قفتان (kaftan).

### Noun

kaftan (definite accusative kaftanı, plural kaftanlar)
* kaftan

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kaftan”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “kaftan”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# cytoplasm
## English
### Alternative forms

* cytioplasm (archaic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zytoplasma, Cytoplasma. Equivalent to cyto- +‎ -plasm.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/
* (US) IPA: /ˈsaɪtoʊˌplæzəm/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

cytoplasm (usually uncountable, plural cytoplasms)
* (cytology) The contents of a cell except for the nucleus. It includes cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and the cytoskeleton.

#### Derived terms

* cytoplasmatic
* cytoplasmic
* intracytoplasm
* nucleocytoplasm

#### Translations
### See also

* protoplasm
# carbonyl
## English
### Etymology

From carbon +‎ -yl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)bənɪl/, /ˈkɑː(ɹ)bənaɪl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

carbonyl (plural carbonyls)
* (organic chemistry) A divalent functional group, (-CO-), characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carbonyl halides, esters and others.
* (inorganic chemistry) Any compound of a metal with carbon monoxide, such as nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)$_4$.

#### Derived terms

* azodicarbonyl
* carbonylate
* carbonylation
* carbonyl chloride
* carbonyl cyanide
* carbonyldiamine
* carbonylhemoglobin
* carbonylic
* carbonyl stretch
* carbonylsulfide
* carbonyl sulfide, carbonyl sulphide
* carboxyl
* decacarbonyl
* dicarbonyl
* hexacarbonyl
* hydrocarbonyl
* metal carbonyl
* metal carbonyl
* molybdenum carbonyl
* monocarbonyl
* nickel carbonyl
* pentacarbonyl
* sulfocarbonyl, sulphocarbonyl
* tetracarbonyl
* thiocarbonyl
* tricarbonyl
* tungsten carbonyl

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* Clayborn
# bivalent
## English
### Etymology

From bi- +‎ -valent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baɪˈveɪlənt/, /ˈbɪvələnt/

### Adjective

bivalent (comparative more bivalent, superlative most bivalent)
* (inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Having a valence of 2; having two ligands
* (genetics) Of, or relating to a pair of homologous synapsed chromosomes that occur during meiosis.
* (of a vaccine) Protecting against two different viruses.

#### Derived terms

* bivalence
* bivalency
* bivalently
* homobivalent
* interbivalent
* intrabivalent
* midbivalent
* pseudobivalent

#### Related terms

* univalent
* polyvalent

#### Translations
### Noun

bivalent (plural bivalents)
* (genetics) Any bivalent chromosome.

## French
### Etymology

From bi- +‎ valent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.va.lɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

bivalent (feminine bivalente, masculine plural bivalents, feminine plural bivalentes)
* bivalent

#### Related terms

* bivalence

### Further reading

* “bivalent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbiːvaˌlɛnt]
* Hyphenation: bi‧va‧lent
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

bivalent (strong nominative masculine singular bivalenter, not comparable)
* bivalent

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “bivalent” in Duden online
* “bivalent” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bivalent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.vaˈlent/

### Adjective

bivalent m or n (feminine singular bivalentă, masculine plural bivalenți, feminine and neuter plural bivalente)
* bivalent

#### Related terms

* bivalență
# crackle
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English crakelen, equivalent to crack +‎ -le (frequentative suffix). The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹækəl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ækəl

### Noun

crackle (plural crackles)
* A prolonged, frequent cracking sound; a fizzing, popping sound.
    Synonym: crepitation
    I heard a crackle from the frying pan as I was frying bacon.
    There was an annoying crackle during the phone call, due to poor connection.
* (pottery) A style of glaze giving the impression of many small cracks.
* (physics) The fifth derivative of the position vector with respect to time (after velocity, acceleration, jerk, and jounce), i.e. the rate of change of jounce.
* Synonym of crackling (“crispy rind of roast pork”)
** 2017, Edgar Maranan, Len Maranan-Goldstein, A Taste of Home: Pinoy Expats and Food Memories:By the look on my face I must have anticipated the joy of the crackle, apparently having come to look forward to the roast pig that appeared only at gatherings such as this. I bet I asked for another piece once I was done.

#### Derived terms

* chocolate crackle
* crackleware

#### Translations
### Verb

crackle (third-person singular simple present crackles, present participle crackling, simple past and past participle crackled)
* (intransitive) To make a prolonged, frequent cracking sound which sounds like fizzing or popping.
    a crackling fire
** 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):the unknown ice that crackles underneath them
** 1908 September – 1909 September, Jack London, chapter XIV, in Martin Eden, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published September 1909, →OCLC, page 117:He felt the stress and strain of life, its fevers and sweats and wild insurgences—surely this was the stuff to write about! He wanted to glorify the leaders of forlorn hopes, the mad lovers, the giants that fought under stress and strain, amid terror and tragedy, making life crackle with the strength of their endeavor.
* Misspelling of cackle.

#### Derived terms

* crackling
* cracklingly
* crackling microstar
* crackly

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* cackler, clacker