# 罪過
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuìguò
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^6$ gwo$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhui-ko
    (Hailu, HRS): cui$^˖$ go$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cui$^4$ guo$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-kò / chǒe-kò͘ / chōe-kòa
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ze-ku$_5$ / $^6$ze-kou$_5$ / $^6$zei-kou$_5$; $^6$zei-khou$_5$ / $^6$dzuei-ku$_5$ / $^4$ze-ku$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuìguò → zuìguo (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ㄗㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuèiguo̊
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^4$-kuo$^5$
*** Yale: dzwèi-gwo
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuey.guoh
*** Palladius: цзуйго (czujgo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ g̊u̯ɔ¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^6$ gwo$^3$
*** Yale: jeuih gwo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^6$ gwo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^6$ guo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯²² kʷɔː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ko
*** Hakka Romanization System: cui go
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cui$^4$ go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ko⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cui$^˖$ go$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰui³³ ko¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cui$^4$ guo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-kò
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-kò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexkoix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ko²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsuě-kòo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² kɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-kuà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexkoax
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ze-ku$_5$
*** MiniDict: ze$^去$ ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ze-ku$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ze²² ku⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ze-kou$_5$
*** MiniDict: ze$^去$ kou$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ze²³ kəu¹¹/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zei-kou$_5$; $^6$zei-khou$_5$
*** MiniDict: zei$^去$ kou$^去$; zei$^去$ khou$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zɐɪ²² kəu⁴⁴/, /zɐɪ²² kʰəu⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$dzuei-ku$_5$
*** MiniDict: dzuei$^去$ ku$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zzʷei¹¹ ku⁵³/
** (Northern: Songjiang, Tongxiang, Haining)
*** Wugniu: $^4$ze-ku$_5$
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ze²² ku³⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /zɛ⁴² ku⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /ze⁵⁵ ku²¹/

#### Noun

罪過
* sin; offence; fault
    From: 1964, 至好朋友就是耶穌 (What a Friend We Have in Jesus), in 《聖詩》
    Chì-hó pêng-iú chiū-sī Iâ-so͘, Tam-tng chōe-kòa kap hoân-ló [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    [Our] best Friend is Jesus, bearing [our] sins and worries. [literal translation] What a Friend we have in Jesus, All our sins and griefs to bear! [original lyrics]

##### Synonyms

* 罪惡／罪恶 (zuì'è)
* (literary) 罪愆 (zuìqiān), 罪尤
* (Dungan) гўнахар (gwnahar)

#### Interjection

罪過
* (polite) sorry; excuse me; thank you; this is more than I deserve; sorry for troubling you

#### Verb

罪過
* (archaic) to criticize; to blame; to rebuke
** 1624, Feng Menglong, Jingshi Tongyan, page 266:
       Lǎozhuō liǎng ge bóbó zuìguò tā liǎng jù yányǔ, bù xiǎng nǚ'ér xìng zhòng, dùnrán yìyàng, bù chī yǐnshí, shùrì ér sǐ. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Ningbonese) to pity; to empathize with
       You don't need to pity such a wicked person at all for getting executed by shooting.

#### Adjective

罪過
* (Huizhou, Northern Wu) pitiful; pitiable; poor
* (Northern Wu, morally or common sense-wise) wrong; unsound; undeserving; not righteous; consituting a faux pas
       It's shameful to be throwing this perfectly good food away.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 可憐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 可憐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 孽障 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 造孽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 造孽 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 可憐 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 可憐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 可憐, 衰過 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦憐 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 造孽, 罪過 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 可憐代 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 可憐代 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 可憐代 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 罪過 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 罪過 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 罪過 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 罪過 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 造孽 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 造孽 |

##### Derived terms

* 收罪過 / 收罪过
* 罪過人 / 罪过人
* 罪過八臘 / 罪过八腊
* 罪過相 / 罪过相

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chē-kòa / chěr-kòa / chōe-kòa / chě-kòa
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: tsē-kuà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zexkoax
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²⁻²¹ kua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: tsěr-kuà
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²² kua⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-kuà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexkoax
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ kua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ kua²¹/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chě-kòa
*** Tâi-lô: tsě-kuà
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡se³³⁻²² kua⁴¹/

#### Verb

罪過
* (Hokkien) to sin; to commit an offence

#### Adjective

罪過
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) painful

##### Synonyms

* 痛楚 (tòngchǔ)
* 痛苦 (tòngkǔ)