# jumper
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌmpə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌmpɚ/
* (Northern England) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʊmpə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmpə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From jump +‎ -er.

#### Noun

jumper (plural jumpers)
* Someone or something that jumps, e.g. a participant in a jumping event in track or skiing.
* A person who attempts suicide by jumping from a great height.
** 2016, Michael P. Burke, Forensic Pathology of Fractures and Mechanisms of Injury:Significantly more cervical spine injuries were seen in fallers as opposed to jumpers.
** 2017, Ronald V. Clarke, Suicide: Closing the Exits:With the jumpers and the drowners, McGee, you don't pick up a pattern. That's because a jumper damned near always makes it the first time, and a drowner is usually almost as successful, about the same rate as hangers.
* A short length of electrical conductor, to make a temporary connection. Also jump wire.
* (electricity) A removable connecting pin on an electronic circuit board.
* A long drilling tool used by masons and quarry workers, consisting of an iron bar with a chisel-edged steel tip at one or both ends, operated by striking it against the rock, turning it slightly with each blow.
* (US) A crude kind of sleigh, usually a simple box on runners which are in one piece with the poles that form the thills.
** 1843, James Fenimore Cooper, Wyandotte:a jumper was found prepared to receive Mrs. Willoughby ; and the horse being led by the Captain himself , a passage through the forest was effected as far as the head of the Otsego
* (arachnology, informal) A jumping spider.
* The larva of the cheese fly.
* (historical, 18th century) One of certain Calvinistic Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent convulsions.
* (horology) A spring to impel the starwheel, or a pawl to lock fast a wheel, in a repeating timepiece.
* (basketball) A shot in which the player releases the ball at the highest point of a jump; a jump shot.
** 2019 February 25, Brett Dawson, Fred Katz, “How power forward Markieff Morris might fit in with the Thunder”, in The Athletic‎:[Markieff] Morris isn’t quite the post-up threat that [Enes] Kanter is, and he can play both the 4 spot and 5 spot instead of just center, like Kanter. He is capable of playing a similar way, backing defenders down in the post. He prefers getting his buckets there with a bevy of fade-aways and jumpers. He’s a heat checker. And he can get hot on the block.
* A nuclear power plant worker who repairs equipment in areas with extremely high levels of radiation.
** 1987 September 14, Gene Bylinskey, “Invasion of the service robots”, in Fortune:In nuclear plants, robots toil for hours at a time in highly radioactive areas in place of hundreds of employees, called jumpers or glowboys, who worked in short relays so as to minimize their exposure.
* (video games) A platform game based around jumping.
** 2002, Andy Slaven, Video Game Bible, 1985-2002, page 161:This is an extremely hard to find platform jumper centered around everyone's favorite dot eating hero.
* Short for smokejumper.

##### Derived terms

* Aran jumper
* baby jumper
* baby-jumper
* BASE jumper
* blade jumper
* bonding jumper
* border jumper
* bounty jumper
* bungee jumper
* bungy jumper
* claim jumper
* high-jumper
* high jumper
* hoop jumper
* hoop-jumper
* jack jumper
* jumper cable
* kite jumper
* long jumper
* long-jumper
* lumpy jumper
* puddle jumper
* puddle-jumper
* queue-jumper
* rattler-jumper
* rock-jumper
* ship-jumper
* show jumper
* ski jumper
* smoke jumper
* tree jumper
* triple jumper
* triple-jumper
* waka-jumper

##### Translations
#### Verb

jumper (third-person singular simple present jumpers, present participle jumpering, simple past and past participle jumpered)
* (transitive) To connect with an electrical jumper.

### Etymology 2

From the term jump (“short coat”) +‎ -er, originally in sailors' jargon, ultimately of uncertain origin. Jump is possibly from Scottish English jupe (“man's loose jacket or tunic”), from Middle English juype, gype, joupe, from Old French jupe, juppe, from Arabic جُبَّة (jubba); see also jibba. Cognate with Middle Low German jōpe, gōpe (“waistcoat, jacket”), German Joppe (“jacket”). Alternatively, perhaps derived from jump.

#### Noun

jumper (plural jumpers)
* (chiefly British, Australia, New Zealand) A woollen sweater or pullover.
** 2012 December 16, Robert Epstein, “Bring Modern: Christmas jumpers”, in The Independent‎:The hideous holiday jumper became a big trend in the 1980s, influenced as we were by the TV-am gang, Gordon the Gopher and memories of Andy Williams singing to girls as they walked by on his Christmas specials. (Can't blame 'em, given he was wearing one of his knitted monstrosities.)
* A loose outer jacket, especially one worn by workers and sailors.
* (US) A one-piece, sleeveless dress, or a skirt with straps and a complete or partial bodice, usually worn over a blouse by women and children; pinafore.
* (usually plural, jumpers) Rompers.
* (Australian rules football) The shirt worn by the players; a guernsey.

##### Descendants

* → Bengali: জাম্পার (jampar)
* → Dutch: jumper
* → Estonian: džemper
* → Finnish: jumpperi
* → Georgian: ჯემპრი (ǯemṗri)
* → German: Jumper
* → Hungarian: dzsömper
* → Japanese: ジャンパー (janpā)
* → Macedonian: џемпер (džemper)
* → Maltese: ġamper
* → Portuguese: jumper
* → Russian: джемпер (džemper)
** → Kazakh: жемпір (jempır)
** → Kyrgyz: жемпир (jempir)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: џемпер
    Latin script: džemper
* → Spanish: chompa, chomba
* → Welsh: siwmper

##### Translations
### See also

* jumpster

### Anagrams

* rejump

## Portuguese
### Noun

jumper m (plural jumpers)
* jumper (short length of electrical conductor)

## Swedish
### Noun

jumper c
* a jumper, a sweater, a pullover
    Synonyms: tjocktröja, pullover

#### Usage notes

Typically gender-neutral, despite what SO, SAOL, and SAOB say. Likely thought of as a somewhat dated synonym of tjocktröja when a pullover by most native speakers. Perhaps usage varies regionally.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | jumper | jumpers |
| singular | definite | jumpern | jumperns |
| plural | indefinite | jumprar | jumprars |
| plural | definite | jumprarna | jumprarnas |

### References

* jumper in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* jumper in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* jumper in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)