# derb
## German
### Etymology

From a Low German merger of two unrelated adjectives: (1.) Old Saxon therbi (“unleavened”), from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz; and (2.) Old Saxon derbi (“coarse, warlike”). Both regularly collapsed in Middle Low German derve (“firm, bold”). Older High German had only the former of the two adjectives and lacked the other: Middle High German derp (“unleavened”), from Old High German derb (“unleavened”). The modern word is formally High German, but its semantic development has been determined by the Middle Low German one. (The original sense “unleavened” is last met with in the 18th century.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛʁp/, [dɛʁp], [dɛɐ̯p]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Adjective

derb (strong nominative masculine singular derber, comparative derber, superlative am derbsten)
* rough, coarse, rude
* sturdy, tough
* (lexicography, literature, sociography) pertaining to a manner of intercourse that is wittingly aggressive, purposefully unrefined – cocky, cheeky, flippant, brazen
* (youth slang) cool, very good
    Alternative form: derbe

#### Declension
### Adverb

derb
* (youth slang) Used as intensifier; very
    Alternative form: derbe

### Further reading

* “derb” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “derb” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “derb” in Duden online

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* derp

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þerbaz. Cognate with Old English þeorf (English tharf), Middle Dutch derf (Dutch derf), Old Norse þjarfr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /derb/

### Adjective

derb
* unleavened

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: derp
** German: derb

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *derwos (“firm”), from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂- (“steady, firm”), extension of *dóru (“tree”). Compare Old English trīewe, English true.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dʲerβ]

### Adjective

derb (comparative derbu)
* sure, certain, fixed, determinate
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26$^a$6
    ɔ eperthae cía aiccent ⁊ cisí aimser derb thechtasso that it might be said what accent and what certain time it has

#### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | derb | derb | derb |
| Vocative | deirb* derb** | derb | derb |
| Accusative | derb | deirb | derb |
| Genitive | deirb | deirbe | deirb |
| Dative | derb | deirb | derb |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | deirb | derba | derba |
| Vocative | derbu derba† | derba | derba |
| Accusative | derbu derba† | derba | derba |
| Genitive | derb | derb | derb |
| Dative | derbaib | derbaib | derbaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Derived terms

* derb-
* derba
* derbaid
* derbda

#### Descendants

* Irish: dearbh
* Manx: jarroo
* Scottish Gaelic: dearbh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 derb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language