# 死亡
## Chinese

* 死亡

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǐwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˇ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^2$ mong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sí-mòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sí-bông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^2$ bhuang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$sy-vaon; $^5$sy-maon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǐwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhwáng
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^3$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: sž-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syywang
*** Palladius: сыван (syvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Yale: séi mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³⁵ mɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sí-mòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˋ$ mong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^3$ mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si³¹ moŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí-bông
*** Tâi-lô: sí-bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sy'boong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^2$ bhuang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sí buâng
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵²⁻³⁵ buaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sy-vaon; $^5$sy-maon
*** MiniDict: sy$^去$ vaon; sy$^去$ maon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$sr-vaan; $^2$sr-maan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³³ vɑ̃⁴⁴/, /sz̩³³ mɑ̃⁴⁴/
* 2sr maan - vernacular;
* 2sr vaan - literary.
* Middle Chinese: sijX mjang
Rime :
| Character | 死 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息姊切 | 武方切 |
| Baxter | sijX | mjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sˠiɪ$^X$/ | /mʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sᵚi$^X$/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɪ$^X$/ | /miuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sji$^X$/ | /muaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /sji$^X$/ | /miuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^X$/ | /mĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^X$/ | /miwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ maŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ maŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 死 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sǐ | wáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^X$ › | ‹ mjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*sijʔ/ | /*maŋ/ |
| English | die (v.) | flee; disappear; die |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 死 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12006 | 12662 |
| Phonetic component | 死 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 死 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljiʔ/ | /*maŋ/ |

### Verb

死亡
* (formal) to die
    因病死亡 ― yīn bìng sǐwáng ― to die from an illness
    瀕臨死亡／濒临死亡 ― bīnlín sǐwáng ― to be at death's door
       Sǐwáng bù shì shēngmìng de zhōngdiǎn, yíwàng cái shì. [Pinyin]
       Death is not the end of life; forgetting is.

#### Synonyms

* nan-hbl+nan-tws:過往 / nan-hbl+nan-tws:过往 (euphemistic)
* 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
* 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
* 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
* 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 不祿 / 不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
* 亡
* 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
* 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
* 仙遊 / 仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
* 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
* 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
* 傾世 / 倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
* 傾亡 / 倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
* 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
* 凋謝 / 凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
* 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
* 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 去世 (qùshì)
* 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 喪亡 / 丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
* 喪命 / 丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
* 喪生 / 丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 嗚呼 / 呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
* 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
* 嚥氣 / 咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
* 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
* 圓寂 / 圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
* 壽終正寢 / 寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
* 失氣 / 失气 (shīqì) (literary)
* 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
* 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
* 小喇叭兒吹了 / 小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 就義 / 就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
* 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 彈老三 / 弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
* 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 掛 / 挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
* 故 (gù)
* 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 斃命 / 毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
* 早死 (zǎosǐ)
* 晏駕 / 晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
* 棄世 / 弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
* 歸天 / 归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
* 歸西 / 归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
* 歸道山 / 归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
* 死 (sǐ)
* 死人 (sǐrén)
* 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
* 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
* 死翹翹 / 死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
* 死脫 / 死脱 ($^5$shi-theq) (Wu)
* 殞 / 殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
* 氣絕 / 气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
* 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 沒世 / 没世 (mòshì) (literary)
* 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
* 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
* 狗帶 / 狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
* 畢命 / 毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
* 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
* 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
* 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
* 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
* 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
* 百年歸老 / 百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 盡命 / 尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
* 終 / 终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
* 絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
* 翹辮子 / 翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
* 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 蒙主寵召 / 蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
* 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
* 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
* 被難 / 被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
* 見背 / 见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
* 見閻王 / 见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
* 見馬克思 / 见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
* 謝世 / 谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
* 賓天 / 宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
* 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
* 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
* 辭世 / 辞世 (císhì) (literary)
* 辭塵 / 辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
* 逝世 (shìshì)
* 進棺材 / 进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
* 過世 / 过世 (guòshì)
* 過去 / 过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
* 過身 / 过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
* 過面 / 过面 (Hokkien)
* 長山賣鴨卵 / 长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 長眠 / 长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 閉眼 / 闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 隕落 / 陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
* 離世 / 离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
* 駕崩 / 驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 駕鶴西去 / 驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
* 駕鶴西遊 / 驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
* 龍馭上賓 / 龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 死, 亡, 歿, 卒 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 死, 撂, 撂條, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 死, 過世 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 § |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 歿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 死, 過世 †, 不在 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 § |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 死, 不在 †, 老 † |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 過身, 去 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 去歸, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 過身 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 死, 善, 去 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 死, 登仙 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 過身, 死 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 死 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 § |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 死, 過身 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 死, 過身 † |
| Gan | Nanchang | 死, 過世 †, 老 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 死 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 過身, 香 † |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 過身, 死 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 死 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 死, 過身 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 死, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 † |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 過身, 老 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 § |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 § |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 死去, 老 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 † |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 † |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 † |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 † |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 † |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 死, 過身 †, 過世 † |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 死, 過身 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 § |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 § |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 死 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 死 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 § |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤ |
| Wu | Suzhou | 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 § |
| Wu | Danyang | 死 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤ |
| Wu | Jinhua | 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡ |
| Xiang | Changsha | 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 † |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 死, 過世 †, 故 † |
| Note | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful | † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful |

#### Antonyms

* 在世 (zàishì)
* 在生 (zàishēng)
* 活著 / 活着 (huózhe)
* 生存 (shēngcún)
* 生息 (shēngxī)

#### Derived terms

* 嬰兒死亡率 / 婴儿死亡率 (yīng'ér sǐwánglǜ)
* 宣告死亡
* 意外死亡 (yìwài sǐwáng)
* 死亡人數 / 死亡人数 (sǐwáng rénshù)
* 死亡保險 / 死亡保险
* 死亡威脅 / 死亡威胁 (sǐwáng wēixié)
* 死亡學 / 死亡学 (sǐwángxué)
* 死亡宣告
* 死亡教育
* 死亡無日 / 死亡无日
* 死亡率 (sǐwánglǜ)
* 死亡登記 / 死亡登记
* 死亡約會 / 死亡约会
* 死亡給付 / 死亡给付
* 死亡線 / 死亡线 (sǐwángxiàn)
* 死亡證 / 死亡证
* 死亡證明 / 死亡证明
* 死亡證明書 / 死亡证明书 (sǐwáng zhèngmíngshū)
* 死亡證書 / 死亡证书 (sǐwáng zhèngshū)
* 死亡金屬 / 死亡金属 (sǐwáng jīnshǔ)
* 社會性死亡 / 社会性死亡 (shèhuìxìng sǐwáng)
* 自然死亡 (zìrán sǐwáng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 死亡(しぼう) (shibō)
* → Korean: 사망(死亡) (samang)
* → Vietnamese: tử vong (死亡)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 死 | 亡 |
| し Grade: 3 | ぼう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しぼー [shìbóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕibo̞ː]

### Noun

死(し)亡(ぼう) • (shibō)
* death

#### Usage notes

Used in formal situations, such as in news broadcasts to categorize states of a person as opposed to 生存 (seizon, “survived”), 負傷 (fushō, “injured”), 行方不明 (yukuefumei, “missing”), 昏睡 (konsui, “comatose”), etc., or as a life event as opposed to 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”), 結婚 (kekkon, “marriage”), etc. The general term for death is 死 (shi), and forms of 死ぬ (shinu) are commonly used when talking about a death.

#### Synonyms

* 死去(しきょ) (shikyo), 死没(しぼつ) (shibotsu)

#### Derived terms

* 死亡記事(しぼうきじ) (shibō kiji): an obituary
* 死亡者(しぼうしゃ) (shibōsha): a deceased person, the dead
* 死亡者数(しぼうしゃすう) (shibōshasū): the number of deaths, the death toll
* 死亡診断書(しぼうしんだんしょ) (shibō shindansho): a death certificate
* 死亡証明書(しぼうしょうめいしょ) (shibō shōmeisho): a death certificate
* 死亡証書(しぼうしょうしょ) (shibō shōsho): a death certificate
* 死亡通知(しぼうつうち) (shibō tsūchi): a notification or announcement of someone's death
* 死亡率(しぼうりつ) (shibōritsu): a death rate, rate of mortality, a fatality rate
* 死亡一時金(しぼういちじきん) (shibō ichijikin): under the Japanese national pension system, a lump sum payment to surviving family members
* 死亡賜金(しぼうしきん) (shibō shikin): (archaic) in past times, a payment to the surviving family of a government official who died on the job
* 死亡表(しぼうひょう) (shibōhyō): a mortality table, an actuarial table
* 死亡保険(しぼうほけん) (shibō hoken): term insurance, term life insurance

### Verb

死(し)亡(ぼう)する • (shibō suru) intransitive suru (stem 死(し)亡(ぼう)し (shibō shi), past 死(し)亡(ぼう)した (shibō shita))
* to die

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 死亡し | しぼうし | shibō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 死亡し | しぼうし | shibō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 死亡する | しぼうする | shibō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 死亡する | しぼうする | shibō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 死亡すれ | しぼうすれ | shibō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 死亡せよ¹ 死亡しろ² | しぼうせよ¹ しぼうしろ² | shibō seyo¹ shibō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 死亡される | しぼうされる | shibō sareru |
| Causative | 死亡させる 死亡さす | しぼうさせる しぼうさす | shibō saseru shibō sasu |
| Potential | 死亡できる | しぼうできる | shibō dekiru |
| Volitional | 死亡しよう | しぼうしよう | shibō shiyō |
| Negative | 死亡しない | しぼうしない | shibō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 死亡せず | しぼうせず | shibō sezu |
| Formal | 死亡します | しぼうします | shibō shimasu |
| Perfective | 死亡した | しぼうした | shibō shita |
| Conjunctive | 死亡して | しぼうして | shibō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 死亡すれば | しぼうすれば | shibō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:死ぬ

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 死 | 亡 |

### Noun

死亡 • (samang) (hangeul 사망)
* hanja form of 사망 (“death”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 死 | 亡 |

### Noun

死亡
* chữ Hán form of tử vong (“death”).