# स्थान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna). Cognate witj Persian ـستان (-estân, “place”). Doublet of थाना (thānā), a tadbhava, and of -स्तान (-stān), a Persian loanword.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /st̪ʰɑːn/, [st̪ʰä̃ːn]

### Noun

स्थान • (sthān) m (Urdu spelling ستھان)
* place, site, location
    Synonym: जगह (jagah)
    उसका उपहार गुप्त स्थान में है।uskā uphār gupt sthān mẽ hai.His gift is at a secret location.
* room
    यहाँ तुम्हारे लिए स्थान नहीं है।yahā̃ tumhāre lie sthān nahī̃ hai.There is no room for you here.

#### Derived terms

* जन्म स्थान (janma sthān)
* तीर्थ स्थान (tīrth sthān)
* निवास स्थान (nivās sthān)
* वास स्थान (vās sthān)
* समाधि स्थान (samādhi sthān)

#### Related terms

* अवस्थान (avasthān)
* प्रस्थान (prasthān)
* प्रस्थान करना (prasthān karnā)
* राजस्थान (rājasthān)
* संस्थान (sansthān)
* स्थानांतर (sthānāntar)
* स्थानांतरण (sthānāntraṇ)
* स्थानांतरण करना (sthānāntraṇ karnā)
* स्थानांतरित (sthānāntrit)
* स्थानापन्न (sthānāpann)
* स्थानापन्न करना (sthānāpann karnā)
* स्थानिक (sthānik)
* स्थानी (sthānī)
* स्थानीय (sthānīya)
* स्थानीयता (sthānīytā)

#### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “स्थान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “स्थान”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /st̪ʰan/

### Noun

स्थान • (sthān) n
* place, position, location
    Synonyms: जागा (j̈āgā), ठिकाण (ṭhikāṇ), स्थळ (sthaḷ)
* status

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “स्थान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “स्थान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* স্থান (Assamese script)
* ᬲ᭄ᬣᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
* স্থান (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰿𑰞𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* သ္ထာန (Burmese script)
* સ્થાન (Gujarati script)
* ਸ੍ਥਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍍𑌥𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦱ꧀ꦡꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂹𑂟𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಸ್ಥಾನ (Kannada script)
* ស្ថាន (Khmer script)
* ສ຺ຖານ (Lao script)
* സ്ഥാന (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᡨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠲᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧠𑦾𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
* ସ୍ଥାନ (Odia script)
* ꢱ꣄ꢢꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑇀𑆡𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖿𑖞𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
* ස‍්ථාන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁 𑪙𑩬𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚶𑚚𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
* ஸ்த²ாந (Tamil script)
* స్థాన (Telugu script)
* สฺถาน (Thai script)
* སྠཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑓂𑒟𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑩇𑨚𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-no-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), Persian ـستان (-estân, “place”). By surface analysis, स्था (sthā) +‎ -अन (-ana).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /stʰɑ́ː.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪t̪ʰɑː.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

स्थान • (sthā́na) stem, n
* the act of standing, standing firmly, being fixed or stationary
* position or posture of the body (in shooting etc.)
* staying, abiding, being in or on (in locative or compound)
* storing-place or storage (of goods)
* firm bearing (of troops), sustaining a charge (as opposed to युद्ध (yuddha, “charging”))
* state, condition (at the end of compound = "being in the state of")
* continued existence, continuance in the same state (i.e. in a kind of neutral state unmarked by loss or gain), continuing as or as long as (with instrumental)
* a state of perfect tranquility
* station, rank, office, appointment, dignity, degree
* place of standing or staying, any place, spot, locality, abode, dwelling, house, site
    स्थाने स्थाने (sthāne sthāne) (sthāne sthāne) or स्थाने स्थानेषु (sthāne sthāneṣu) (sthāne sthāneṣu) — in different places; here and there
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.70.3:यानि॒ स्थाना॑नि अश्विना द॒धाथे॑ दि॒वो य॒ह्वीष्वोष॑धीषु वि॒क्षु। नि पर्व॑तस्य मू॒र्धनि॒ सद॒न्तेषं॒ जना॑य दा॒शुषे॒ वह॑न्ता॥yā́ni sthā́nāni aśvinā dadhā́the divó yahvī́ṣvóṣadhīṣu vikṣú. ní párvatasya mūrdháni sádantéṣaṃ jánāya dāśúṣe váhantā.Whatever dwellings ye possess, O Aśvins, in fields of men or in the streams of heaven, resting upon the summit of the mountain, or bringing food to him who gives oblation, delight yourselves, ye Gods, in plants and waters when Ṛṣis give them and ye find they suit You.
* place or room, stead
    स्थाने (sthāne) (sthā́ne) (with genitive or at the end of compound) — in place of, instead of, in lieu of
    रिपुस्थानेवर्तते (ripusthānevartate, to act in the place of an enemy)
    विलोचनस्थानगत (vilocanasthānagata, “acting the part of eyes”)
* (at the end of a compound) "taking the place of", "acting as", "representing" or "represented by"
    पितृस्थान (pitṛ́sthāna) — acting as a father; represented by a father
    इयङुवङ्स्थान (iyaṅuvaṅsthāna) — represented by 'iy' or 'uv'' (as ī and ū, Pāṇini 1-4, 4)
* in Pāṇini's grammar the genitive case is often used alone, when the word sthāne has to be supplied:
    हन्तेर् जः (hanter jaḥ) — ज (ja) is to be substituted in place of हन् (han)
* place for, receptacle of (+ genitive)
* proper or right place
    स्थाने (sthā́ne) — in the right place or at the right time, seasonably, justly
* province, region, domain, sphere (of gods or virtuous men; said to be in one of three places, namely "earth" or "atmosphere" or "heaven"; according to some that of virtuous Brahmins is called प्राजापत्य (prājāpatya); of Kshatriyas, ऐन्द्र (aindra); of Vaishyas, मारुत (māruta); of Shudras, गान्धर्व (gāndharva))
* the main support or strength or chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four, namely "army", "treasury", "city", "territory")
* a stronghold, fortress
* the place or organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, namely कण्ठ (kaṇṭha, “throat”); तालु (tālu, “palate”); मूर्धन् (mūrdhan, “top of palate”); दन्त (danta, “teeth”); ओष्ठ (oṣṭha, “lips”); कण्ठतालु (kaṇṭhatālu, “throat and palate”); कण्ठोष्ठ (kaṇṭhoṣṭha, “throat and lips”); दन्तोष्ठ (dantoṣṭha, “teeth and lips”); to which are added नासिका (nāsikā, “nose”), said to be the place of utterance of true anusvāra, and उरस् (uras, “chest”), of visarga)
* any organ of sense (e.g. the eye)
* the pitch or key of the voice, note, tone (of which according to Rigveda-Pratishakhya there are three (see मन्द्र (mandra)), or according to Taittirīya-Pratishakya, seven)
    वीना च्युता स्थानात् (vīnā cyutā sthānāt) — a lute out of tune
* shape, form, appearance (as of the moon)
* the part or character of an actor
* case, occurrence
    नेदं स्थानं विद्यते (nedaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate) — this case does not occur
* occasion, opportunity for (genitive or compound)
    स्थाने (sthāne) — occasionally
* cause or object of (genitive or compound)
    शुल्कस्थान (śulkasthāna) — an object of toll
    पूजास्थान (pūjāsthāna), मान्यस्थान (mānyasthāna) — an object of honour; also applied to persons
    स्थाने (sthāne) — because of, on account of
* a section or division (e.g. of medicine)
* (astrology) a mansion or its subdivision
* = कार्योत्सर्ग (kāryotsarga)
* an open place in a town, plain, square
* a holy place
* an altar
* name of a gandharva king

#### Derived terms

* स्थानचञ्चला (sthānacañcalā)
* स्थानचतुर्विधश्लोक (sthānacaturvidhaśloka)
* स्थानचिन्तक (sthānacintaka)
* स्थानच्युत (sthānacyuta)
* स्थानतस् (sthānatas)
* स्थानता (sthānatā)
* स्थानत्याग (sthānatyāga)
* स्थानत्व (sthānatva)
* स्थानदातृ (sthānadātṛ)
* स्थानदीप्त (sthānadīpta)
* स्थानपत (sthānapata)
* स्थानपति (sthānapati)
* स्थानपात (sthānapāta)
* स्थानपाल (sthānapāla)
* स्थानप्रच्युत (sthānapracyuta)
* स्थानप्राप्ति (sthānaprāpti)
* स्थानभङ्ग (sthānabhaṅga)
* स्थानभूमि (sthānabhūmi)
* स्थानभ्रंश (sthānabhraṃśa)
* स्थानभ्रष्ट (sthānabhraṣṭa)
* स्थानमाहात्म्य (sthānamāhātmya)
* स्थानमृग (sthānamṛga)
* स्थानयोग (sthānayoga)
* स्थानयोगिन् (sthānayogin)
* स्थानरक्षक (sthānarakṣaka)
* स्थानवत् (sthānavat)
* स्थानविद् (sthānavid)
* स्थानविभाग (sthānavibhāga)
* स्थानवीरासन (sthānavīrāsana)
* स्थानस्थ (sthānastha)
* स्थानस्थान (sthānasthāna)
* स्थानस्थित (sthānasthita)
* स्थानाङ्ग (sthānāṅga)
* स्थानाधिकार (sthānādhikāra)
* स्थानाधिपति (sthānādhipati)
* स्थानाध्यक्ष (sthānādhyakṣa)
* स्थानान्त (sthānānta)
* स्थानान्तर (sthānāntara)
* स्थानान्तरगत (sthānāntaragata)
* स्थानान्तराभिमुख (sthānāntarābhimukha)
* स्थानान्यत्व (sthānānyatva)
* स्थानापत्ति (sthānāpatti)
* स्थानापन्न (sthānāpanna)
* स्थानाभाव (sthānābhāva)
* स्थानाश्रय (sthānāśraya)
* स्थानासन (sthānāsana)
* स्थानासनविहारवत् (sthānāsanavihāravat)
* स्थानासनिक (sthānāsanika)
* स्थानासेध (sthānāsedha)
* स्थानास्थानज्ञानबल (sthānāsthānajñānabala)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Dameli: ثان (thān)
** Gawar-Bati: ٹھَن (ṭhan)
** Kalasha: thon
** Kashmiri: تھانہٕ (thānụ, “police station”), تھَانَ (“dwelling place”)
** Khowar: تھَن (than, “body”)
** Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (tān)
** Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (thān)
** ⇒ Shumashti: [script needed] (šāṛie-thōone)
** Tirahi: [script needed] (thān)
* Southern:
** Helu Prakrit:
*** Dhivehi: ތަން (tan̊)
*** Sinhalese: තන (tana)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
*** Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
*** Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
* Eastern:
** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
*** Early Assamese: থান (thano)
**** Assamese: থান (than), ঠান (than, “shape”), থানা (thana, “police station”)
**** Bengali: থান (than), থানা (thana, “police station, post”), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi)
**** Odia: ଠାଣା (ṭhāṇā, “post”), ଠଣା (ṭhaṇā, “residence”)
* Pali: ṭhāna
** → Burmese: ဌာန (htana., “place”)
** → Khmer: ឋាន (thaan, “place”), ដ្ឋាន (thaan) (as suffix)
** → Tamil: தானி (tāṉi)
** → Thai: ฐาน (tǎan, “place, evidence; because”)
** → Lao: ຖານ (thān, “place, evidence; because”)
* Western:
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
*** Garhwali: थान (thān)
*** Gujarati: ઠાણ (ṭhāṇ), થાણું (thāṇũ, “police station”)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: थान (thān), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
    Urdu: تھان (thān), تھانہ (thānā, “police station”)
*** Kumaoni: थाणो (thāṇo, “police station”)
*** Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
*** Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
*** Nepali: थानु (thānu), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
*** Punjabi: ਥਾਣ (thāṇ), ਥਾਣਾ (thāṇā, “police station”)
*** Romani: than
*** Sindhi: थाणो (ṭhāṇo), ठाणु (ṭhāṇu, “stall in a stable”)
*** Romani: than
*** Vlax Romani: tan
*** Welsh Romani: than
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: स्थान (sthān)
    Urdu: ستھان (sthān)
* → Bengali: স্থান (sthan)
* → Kannada: ಸ್ಥಾನ (sthāna)
* → Lao: ສະຖານ (sa thān)
* → Lü: ᦉᦏᦱᧃ (ṡṫhaan), ᦏᦱᧃᧉ (ṫhaan²)
* → Malayalam: സ്ഥാനം (sthānaṁ)
* → Marathi: स्थान (sthān)
* → Telugu: స్థానము (sthānamu), స్థానం (sthānaṁ)
* → Thai: สถาน (sà-tǎan), สถานะ (sà-tǎa-ná)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sthāˊna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Monier Williams (1899) “स्थान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1263.