# 庭

| 庭 | U+5EAD, &#24237; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EAD |
| ← 庬 [U+5EAC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 庮 → [U+5EAE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

庭 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓大土 (INKG), four-corner 0024$_1$, composition ⿸广廷)

#### Derived characters

* 𡟾, 㨩, 𪶹, 𤠜, 榳, 𭵬, 𤧻, 𦪅, 𨫆, 𬝪, 𡀈, 𮦥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 346, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9337
* Dae Jaweon: page 656, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 882, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5EAD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蜓 | *l'eːnʔ, *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 涏 | *l'eːns, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 綎 | *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l'eːŋ |
| 珽 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ |
| 脡 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ |
| 侹 | *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *l̥ʰeːŋs |
| 頲 | *l'eːŋʔ |
| 廷 | *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 庭 | *l'eːŋ |
| 鼮 | *l'eːŋ |
| 莛 | *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 筳 | *l'eːŋ |
| 霆 | *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 娗 | *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 挺 | *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ |
| 艇 | *l'eːŋʔ |
| 鋌 | *l'eːŋʔ |
| 梃 | *l'eːŋʔ |
| 誔 | *l'eːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'eːŋ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ).

### Etymology

Related to 挺 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “to stick out, straighten up; straight, stiff; quite”); see there for more (STEDT). The semantic shift to "courtyard" may be due to courtyards being areas for upright behavior.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tíng (ting$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ting$^4$ / ting$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hen$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thìn
    (Hailu, HRS): tin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ting$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dìng / diàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deng$^2$ / dia$^2$ / diaⁿ$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiâⁿ / têng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): têng$^5$ / dian$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$din
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tíng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^2$
*** Yale: tíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyng
*** Palladius: тин (tin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ting$^4$ / ting$^3$
*** Yale: tìhng / ting
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ting$^4$ / ting$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ting$^4$ / ting$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɪŋ²¹/, /tʰɪŋ³³/
* ting4 - usual reading;
* ting3 - only in 大相徑庭.
* Middle Chinese: deng
Rime :
| Character | 庭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 特丁切 |
| Baxter | deng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /deŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /deŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /deŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /dieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ting$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 庭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12421 |
| Phonetic component | 廷 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 庭 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'eːŋ/ |

### Definitions

庭
* courtyard
* front yard
* big hall
* law court
* middle of the forehead

### Compounds

* 上庭
* 不庭
* 中庭 (zhōngtíng)
* 係頸闕庭 / 系颈阙庭
* 充庭
* 公庭 (gōngtíng)
* 出庭 (chūtíng)
* 分庭伉禮 / 分庭伉礼
* 分庭抗禮 / 分庭抗礼 (fēntíngkànglǐ)
* 刑庭 (xíngtíng)
* 初寫黃庭 / 初写黄庭
* 到庭 (dàotíng)
* 前庭 (qiántíng)
* 北庭 (Běitíng)
* 合議庭 / 合议庭 (héyìtíng)
* 夏庭
* 大家庭 (dàjiātíng)
* 大庭
* 大庭廣眾 / 大庭广众 (dàtíngguǎngzhòng)
* 大有逕庭 / 大有迳庭
* 大相徑庭 / 大相径庭 (dàxiāngjìngtíng)
* 大相逕庭 / 大相迳庭 (dàxiāngjìngtíng)
* 天倫庭闈 / 天伦庭闱
* 天庭 (tiāntíng)
* 孔鯉過庭 / 孔鲤过庭
* 孫過庭 / 孙过庭
* 宮庭 / 宫庭 (gōngtíng)
* 家庭 (jiātíng)
* 小家庭 (xiǎojiātíng)
* 山庭
* 帝庭
* 庭上
* 庭午
* 庭園 / 庭园 (tíngyuán)
* 庭園植物 / 庭园植物
* 庭墀
* 庭外 (tíngwài)
* 庭外和解
* 庭宇
* 庭實旅百 / 庭实旅百
* 庭府
* 庭戶 / 庭户
* 庭柱 (tíngzhù)
* 庭決 / 庭决
* 庭燎
* 庭菖蒲 (tíngchāngpú)
* 庭薺 / 庭荠 (tíngjì)
* 庭訊 / 庭讯
* 庭訓 / 庭训 (tíngxùn)
* 庭誥 / 庭诰
* 庭長 / 庭长
* 庭闈 / 庭闱
* 庭院 (tíngyuàn)
* 庭除
* 廣庭 / 广庭
* 廣庭大眾 / 广庭大众
* 廣眾大庭 / 广众大庭
* 弗庭
* 彤庭
* 後庭 / 后庭 (hòutíng)
* 後庭花 / 后庭花
* 徑庭 / 径庭 (jìngtíng)
* 感動天庭 / 感动天庭
* 戶庭 / 户庭
* 拜占庭 (Bàizhàntíng)
* 振鷺充庭 / 振鹭充庭
* 振鷺在庭 / 振鹭在庭
* 掖庭
* 掃穴犁庭 / 扫穴犁庭
* 攀庭檻 / 攀庭槛
* 改換門庭 / 改换门庭
* 日角珠庭
* 椒庭
* 椿庭
* 法庭 (fǎtíng)
* 洞庭 (dòngtíng)
* 洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
* 犁庭
* 犁庭掃穴 / 犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
* 犁庭掃閭 / 犁庭扫闾
* 王庭
* 王庭筠
* 珠庭
* 班庭
* 秦庭之哭
* 秦庭朗鏡 / 秦庭朗镜
* 秦庭歸璧 / 秦庭归璧
* 親庭 / 亲庭
* 訟庭 / 讼庭
* 賓客盈庭 / 宾客盈庭
* 趨庭 / 趋庭
* 退庭
* 逕庭 / 迳庭 (jìngtíng)
* 逸景華庭 / 逸景华庭 (Yìjǐnghuátíng)
* 過庭 / 过庭
* 過庭之訓 / 过庭之训
* 邊庭 / 边庭 (biāntíng)
* 金庭 (Jīntíng)
* 門庭 / 门庭 (méntíng)
* 門庭若市 / 门庭若市 (méntíngruòshì)
* 門庭赫奕 / 门庭赫奕
* 閉庭 / 闭庭 (bìtíng)
* 開庭 / 开庭 (kāitíng)
* 闕庭 / 阙庭
* 鯉庭 / 鲤庭
* 鳥庭 / 鸟庭
* 黃庭 / 黄庭
* 黃庭換鵝 / 黄庭换鹅

### References

* “庭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* courtyard
* garden
* yard

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
* Kun: にわ (niwa, 庭, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 庭園(ていえん) (teien, “garden”)
* 庭球(ていきゅう) (teikyū, “tennis”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 庭
* にわ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
/nipa/ → /nifa/ → /niwa/
From Old Japanese.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にわ [nìwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟iβ̞a̠]

### Noun

庭(にわ) • (niwa)
* garden, yard
** 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 16, poem 1052; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 96)
    花(はな)さそふ嵐(あらし)の庭(には)の雪(ゆき)ならでふりゆくものはわが身(み)なりけり
       hana sasou arashi no niwa no yuki nara de furi yuku mono wa waga mi nari keri
       It entices the flowers―the storm―but though the garden's white, it is not snow, and what it is that's scattering are, in fact, the years of my life!
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:庭.
    庭(にわ)で美味(おい)しい魚(さかな)を食(た)べた。
       Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
       I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
* place where something is done
    学(まな)びの庭(にわ)
       manabi no niwa
       kindergarten; place of learning
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:庭.
* (regional) a dirt-floored room at the entrance of a house
* wide sea, a wide expanse (of the sea)

#### Coordinate terms

* 公園(こうえん) (kōen): park

#### Derived terms

* 庭(にわ)木(き) (niwaki, “garden tree”)
* 庭(にわ)師(し) (niwashi, “gardener”)
* 庭弄(にわいじ)り (niwa-ijiri), 庭(にわ)仕(し)事(ごと) (niwa-shigoto, “gardening”)
* 庭(にわ)つ鳥(とり) (niwa tsu tori, old name for niwatori; epithet for "chicken")
* 接骨木(にわとこ) (niwatoko, “Japanese elderberry”)
* 鶏(にわとり) (niwatori, “chicken”)
* 場(ば) (ba, “place; occasion; field”)

### Proper noun

庭(にわ) • (Niwa)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Joshua S. Mostow (1996) Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 424
* ↑ https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%8F

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 庭 (MC deng).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뗘ᇰ (Yale: ttyèng) | 뗘ᇰ (Yale: ttyèng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄠᅳᆯ〮 (Yale: ptúl) | 뎌ᇰ (Yale: tyèng) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [정]

### Hanja

Wikisource 庭 (eumhun 뜰 정 (tteul jeong))
* hanja form of 정 (“courtyard; garden”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 가정 (家庭, gajeong)
* 교정 (校庭, gyojeong)
* 궁정 (宮庭, gungjeong)
* 법정 (法庭, beopjeong)
* 정원 (庭園, jeong'won)
* 친정 (親庭, chinjeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

庭: Hán Nôm readings: đình, thính
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.