# σάκκος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σᾰ́κος (sắkos) — Attic

### Etymology

Most likely borrowed from Semitic, possibly from Phoenician. Compare Hebrew שַׂק, Imperial Aramaic 𐡔𐡒 (šq), Talmudic Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (/⁠šaqqu⁠/), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. The word is a widely-borrowed Mediterranean Kulturwort.
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sák.kos/ → /ˈsa.kos/ → /ˈsa.kos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sák.kos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsak.kos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsa.kos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsa.kos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsa.kos/

### Noun

σᾰ́κκος • (sắkkos) m (genitive σᾰ́κκου); second declension
* coarse cloth of hair, especially of goat's hair
* anything made of coarse cloth:
** sack, bag
    Synonym: σᾰ́κτᾱς (sắktās)
** sieve, strainer
** coarse garment, sackcloth, worn as mourning by the Jews
** (Christianity) sackcloth vestment, penitential garb
* coarse beard
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Derived terms

* σᾰκκᾶς (săkkâs)
* σᾰκκέω (săkkéō)
* σᾰκκηγός (săkkēgós)
* σᾰκκῐ́ᾱς (săkkĭ́ās)
* σᾰκκῐ́δῐον (săkkĭ́dĭon)
* σᾰκκῐ́ζω (săkkĭ́zō)
* σᾰ́κκῐνος (sắkkĭnos)
* σᾰκκῐ́ον (săkkĭ́on)
* σᾰκκογενειοτρόφος (săkkogeneiotróphos)
* σᾰκκοπήρᾰ (săkkopḗră)
* σᾰκκοπλόκος (săkkoplókos)
* σᾰκκορᾰ́φῐον (săkkorắphĭon)
* σᾰκκούδῐον (săkkoúdĭon)
* σᾰκκοῠ̈φᾰ́ντης (săkkoŭ̈phắntēs)
* σᾰκκοφόρος (săkkophóros)
* σᾰκκώνῠμος (săkkṓnŭmos)

#### Related terms

* δῐσᾰ́κκῐον (dĭsắkkĭon)
* σᾰκκηγέω (săkkēgéō)
* σᾰκκηγῐ́ᾱ (săkkēgĭ́ā)
* σᾰκκῐνόσῡκοι (săkkĭnósūkoi)
* σᾰκκοφορέω (săkkophoréō)
* σᾰκκοφορῐκός (săkkophorĭkós)

#### Descendants

* Greek: σάκος (sákos)
* → Latin: saccus (see there for further descendants)
* → Mingrelian: საკი (saḳi), სააკი (saaḳi)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σάκκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1302

### Further reading

* “σάκκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Robert Jacobus Forbes (1955) Studies in Ancient Technology, volume 4, page 66
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 149
* Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 186
* Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 269
* G4526 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. bag idem, page 59.pocket idem, page 622.pouch idem, page 630.sack idem, page 728.
* “σάκκος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011