# 各

| 各 | U+5404, &#21508; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5404 |
| ← 吃 [U+5403] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 吅 → [U+5405] |

## Translingual
### Han character

各 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹水口 (HER), four-corner 2760$_4$, composition ⿱夂口)

#### Derived characters

各 (OC *klaːɡ) (by Zhengzhang Shangfang) is frequently used to demonstrate the presence of consonant cluster initials in Old Chinese:
* (k/g-): 客, 愘, 揢, 閣(阁), 擱(搁), 格, 鉻(铬), 咯, 胳, 硌, 骼, 袼, 挌, 茖, 佫, 敋, 鮥, 臵, 餎(饹), 觡, 鵅, 蛒, 恪
* (l-): 洛, 洜, 落, 絡(络), 酪, 烙, 珞, 路, 略/畧, 餎(饹), 駱(骆), 雒, 峈, 硌, 詻, 鮥, 笿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3281
* Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 583, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5404

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 各 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 夂 (“sole of foot”) + 口 – to come, to enter; original form of 𢓜 and 格 (OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ). The mouth could be referred to the entrance of a cavern or building (see 高, 去 and 谷; however, this is not the case in 向). Compare 出.

### Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Derived from 舉 (OC kaʔ) with distributive suffix -k. Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ka (“all”) (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gè (ge$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gok$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): goh$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kok
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gog$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koh / kok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$koq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gè
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gè
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^4$
*** Yale: gè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: go$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
*** Sinological IPA : /ko²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gok$^3$
*** Yale: gok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gok$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔk̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: goh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
*** Hakka Romanization System: gog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔk̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kaʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáuk
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑuʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
*** Tâi-lô: koh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /koʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
*** Tâi-lô: kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kog
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
* koh - vernacular;
* kok - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit各 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kuə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kɤ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kuo³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ko²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ko³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ko²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ko⁵/ /kʰo⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ko²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kok̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kɔk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔk̚³²/ /koʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɔʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ko³³/ ～自 /ko⁵⁵/ ～個 |
* Middle Chinese: kak
Rime :
| Character | 各 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古落切 |
| Baxter | kak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ge |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 各 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kak › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁak/ |
| English | each |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 各 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3881 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 各 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

各
* each; every (determiner)
    各種各樣／各种各样 ― gèzhǒnggèyàng ― all sorts
    各位 ― gèwèi ― everyone present; you all; everybody
    Synonym: 每 (měi)
* each (adverb)
    各盡其責／各尽其责 ― gè jìn qí zé ― each fulfils his/her responsibilities
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 人各有志 (rén gè yǒuzhì)
* 人持各見 / 人持各见
* 分財各居 / 分财各居
* 加爾各答 / 加尔各答 (Jiā'ěrgèdá)
* 各不相犯
* 各不相謀 / 各不相谋
* 各不相讓 / 各不相让
* 各不相關 / 各不相关
* 各不相顧 / 各不相顾
* 各人 (gèrén)
* 各位 (gèwèi)
* 各個 / 各个 (gègè)
* 各個擊破 / 各个击破 (gègèjīpò)
* 各別 / 各别 (gèbié)
* 各剌剌
* 各半 (gèbàn)
* 各司其事
* 各各 (gègè)
* 各國 / 各国 (gèguó)
* 各執一詞 / 各执一词 (gèzhíyīcí)
* 各執己見 / 各执己见 (gèzhíjǐjiàn)
* 各執所見 / 各执所见
* 各奔前程
* 各奔東西 / 各奔东西
* 同居各爨
* 各展其長 / 各展其长
* 同床各夢 / 同床各梦
* 各式
* 各式各樣 / 各式各样 (gèshìgèyàng)
* 各得其宜
* 各從其志 / 各从其志
* 各得其所 (gèdéqísuǒ)
* 各憑本事 / 各凭本事
* 各懷一心 / 各怀一心 (gè huái yīxīn)
* 各懷異心 / 各怀异心
* 各懷鬼胎 / 各怀鬼胎 (gèhuáiguǐtāi)
* 各抒己見 / 各抒己见 (gèshūjǐjiàn)
* 各抱一角
* 各持己見 / 各持己见 (gèchíjǐjiàn)
* 各支支
* 各方 (gèfāng)
* 各有千秋 (gèyǒuqiānqiū)
* 各有各的
* 各有所長 / 各有所长 (gèyǒusuǒcháng)
* 各樣 / 各样 (gèyàng)
* 各為其主 / 各为其主
* 各琅琅
* 各界 (gèjiè)
* 各界人士 (gèjiè rénshì)
* 各異其趣 / 各异其趣
* 各白世人
* 各盡其用 / 各尽其用
* 各盡所能 / 各尽所能
* 各省
* 各相
* 各眾 / 各众
* 各種 / 各种 (gèzhǒng)
* 各自 (gèzì)
* 各自東西 / 各自东西
* 各自為戰 / 各自为战 (gèzìwéizhàn)
* 各自為政 / 各自为政 (gèzìwéizhèng)
* 各自獨立 / 各自独立
* 各自進行 / 各自进行
* 各色 (gèsè)
* 各處 / 各处 (gèchù)
* 各行其志
* 各行其是 (gèxíngqíshì)
* 各行各業 / 各行各业 (gèhánggèyè)
* 各衣另飯 / 各衣另饭
* 各說各話 / 各说各话 (gèshuōgèhuà)
* 各路 (gèlù)
* 各門另戶 / 各门另户
* 各闢蹊徑 / 各辟蹊径
* 各霸一方
* 各項 / 各项 (gèxiàng)
* 各類 / 各类 (gèlèi)
* 各顯神通 / 各显神通 (gèxiǎnshéntōng)
* 大閆各莊 / 大闫各庄 (Dàyángèzhuāng)
* 天各一方 (tiāngèyīfāng)
* 急并各邦
* 波多黎各 (Bōduōlígè)
* 泰系各族
* 物各有主
* 骨肉各方

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: các (各)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gě (ge$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gě
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gě
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^3$
*** Yale: gě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gee
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

各
* (dialectal, derogatory) sticking out; odd; unusual
* Used in 自各兒／自各儿.

#### Synonyms

* (sticking out):
* 別樣 / 别样 (biéyàng)
* 奇特 (qítè)
* 專有 / 专有 (zhuānyǒu) (attributive)
* 殊異 / 殊异 (shūyì) (literary)
* 特別 / 特别 (tèbié)
* 特有 (tèyǒu) (attributive)
* 特殊 (tèshū)
* 特異 / 特异 (tèyì)
* 獨特 / 独特 (dútè)
* 非常 (fēicháng) (formal)

#### Compounds

* 自各兒 / 自各儿 (zìgěr)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* each
* every
* either

#### Readings

* Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
* Kun: おのおの (onoono, 各, Jōyō)、おの (ono, 各)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 各
* かく Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 各 (MC kak).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かく [káꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠kɯ̟]

#### Prefix

各(かく) • (kaku-)
* each

##### Derived terms

* 各(かく)停(てい) (kakutei)
* 各(かく)種(しゅ) (kakushu)
* 各(かく)駅(えき)停(てい)車(しゃ) (kakuekiteisha)
* 各(かっ)国(こく) (kakkoku)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 各
* おのおの Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 各 – see the following entry. :
| 【各々おのおの】 | [noun] each, every [pronoun] you all |
(This term, 各, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

各 (eumhun 각각 각 (gakgak gak))
* hanja form of 각 (“each”)

## Tày
### Determiner

各 (các)
* Nôm form of các (“Plural marker”).
    各𫰇咳各娘Các noọng ới các nàng(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

各: Hán Việt readings: các, cách
各: Nôm readings: các, gác, cắc, gạc, gật
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).