# scheren
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsxeː.rə(n)/
* Audio (Belgium):(file)
* Audio (Netherlands):(file)
* Hyphenation: sche‧ren
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schēren, from Old Dutch skeran, from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

#### Verb

scheren
* (transitive, reflexive) to shave (reflexive pronouns are used for self-directed actions)
    hij scheert zich nu ― he's shaving now
    de arts scheerde de huid rond de wond van de patiënt ― the doctor shaved the skin around the patient's wound
* (transitive) to shear
    morgen gaan ze de schapen scheren ― they will shear the sheep tomorrow

##### Derived terms

* afscheren
* bijscheren
* over een kam scheren
* scheerapparaat
* scheermes
* scheerschuim
* scheerzeep
* wegscheren

##### Related terms

* schaar
* scheur
* scheuren
* schoor
* schoorsteen
* schor

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: skeer
* Berbice Creole Dutch: skeri
* Negerhollands: skeer
* Skepi Creole Dutch: skler, scar
* → Aukan: sikeli
* → Sranan Tongo: sker
** → Dutch: skeer
* → West Frisian: skeare

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch schēren, from Old Dutch *skerien, from Proto-West Germanic *skarjan, from Proto-Germanic *skarjaną, causative of *skeraną. From said verb *skeraną derives Etymology 1 above, and conflation with this verb has caused this originally weak verb to be conjugated as a strong verb (although the weak conjugation is also attested).

#### Verb

scheren
* (obsolete) to order, arrange, prepare
* (obsolete) to stretch, strain (as of ropes or yarn)
    scheerlijn ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Derived terms

* bescheren
* scheerlijn
* scheertouw
* schering

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

scheren
* to skim, fleet; to go over something really quickly

##### Derived terms

* wegscheren

### Etymology 4

Related to scherts. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Verb

scheren
* (obsolete) to mock

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

##### Derived terms

* gekscheren

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

scheren
* plural of scheer

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃeːrən/, [ˈʃeːʁən], [ˈʃeː.ɐn], [ˈʃeːɐ̯n], [ʃɛ(ː)ɐ̯n]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːʀən

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German schërn, from Old High German skeran, from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Akin to Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, West Frisian skarre, English shear, Danish skære.

#### Verb

scheren (class 4 strong, third-person singular present schert, past tense schor, past participle geschoren, past subjunctive schöre, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to cut back something that grows
** to shear (sheep etc.)
    Wenn Schafe nicht geschoren werden, können sie sich vor lauter Wolle nicht mehr bewegen.When sheep aren’t shorn, they can no longer move for all the wool.
*** 1813 July 19, Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen‎, pages 1151–1152:Unser Verfasser widerspricht hier einer Meinung einiger Naturforscher (…), daß durch das öftere Abschneiden zwar das einzelne Haar an Stärke zunehme, aber die Anzahl der einzelnen Haare darum nicht wachse. Wäre diese Behauptung richtig, so müßte die Wolle von zweyschurigen Schafen gröber seyn, als von einschurigen, und die Wolle müßte um so feiner seyn, je seltener man die Schafe schiert.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** to clip, prune (a hedge)
    Synonyms: schneiden, beschneiden
** (dated) to cut, shave, trim (hair)
    Synonym: rasieren
* (transitive, dated) to exploit; to defraud of, cheat for [with um (+ accusative)]
    Bei dem Vertrag haben sie uns ganz schön geschoren. ― In that contract they really ripped us off.

##### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

##### Derived terms

* abscheren
* glattscheren
* kahlscheren
* Scherblatt
* Schere
* Scheren
* Scherklinge
* Scherkopf
* Schermesser
* Scherung
* Schur
* über einen Kamm scheren
* ungeschoren

##### Related terms

* Schere

#### Verb

scheren (weak, third-person singular present schert, past tense scherte, past participle geschert, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive, of a thing or occurrence, usually negated) to bother (someone); to trouble (someone), to be of interest (to someone)
    Was schert mich das? ― Why should I care? (literally, “What does that bother me?”)
    Das schert mich einen Dreck! ― I don't give a damn! (literally, “It bothers me a dirt!”)
* (reflexive, informal) to care (about something); to mind (something) [with um (+ accusative)]
    Scher dich um deinen eigenen Kram! ― Mind your own business

##### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

##### Derived terms

* Schererei
* ungeschoren (davonkommen)

### Etymology 2

From Late Middle High German schern (“to hurry, to escape”), first attested in the 15th century. Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Old High German scerōn (“to be exuberant; to rest”). If so ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”). See also Old High German scerdo (“hinge”), Latin cardō (“hinge”), Lithuanian kárti (“to hang”).

#### Verb

scheren (weak, third-person singular present schert, past tense scherte, past participle geschert, auxiliary haben or sein)
* (intransitive, rare outside compounds) to go into a certain direction
* (reflexive, informal) to scram; to beat it
* (transitive, geometry) to shear, to apply a shearing transformation to (displacing each point of a geometric figure in fixed direction by an amount proportional to its signed distance, thus preserving the area of the figure.)
    ein Rechteck zu einem Parallelogramm scheren ― to shear a rectangle into a parallelogram
    ein geschertes Rechteck verwandelt sich in ein Parallelogramm ― a sheared rectangle is transformed into a parallelogram
    Objekte können mit der Maus skaliert, gedreht und geschert werden ― objects can be scaled, rotated and sheared with the mouse

##### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

##### Derived terms

* ausscheren
* einscheren
* fortscheren
* Scheren
* Scherung
* wegscheren
* zurückscheren

##### Related terms

* Scherbeanspruchung
* Scherbelastung
* Scherbewegung
* Scherbrett
* Scherebene
* Scherfestigkeit
* Schergerade
* Schergeschwindigkeit
* Schergesetz
* Scherkraft
* Scherlast
* Schermodul
* Scherparameter
* Scherschneide
* Scherspannung
* Scherverzerrung
* Scherwinkel

### References

* ↑ Wolfgang Pfeifer: Etymologisches Wörterbuch.
* ↑ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 324

### Further reading

* “scheren” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “scheren” in Duden online (strong and weak verb)
* “scheren” in Duden online (strong and weak verb)
* “scheren” in Duden online (weak verb)
* “scheren” in Duden online (weak verb)

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch skeran, from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

### Verb

schēren
* to shave

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: scheren
** Afrikaans: skeer
** Berbice Creole Dutch: skeri
** Negerhollands: skeer
** Skepi Creole Dutch: skler, scar
** → Aukan: sikeli
** → Sranan Tongo: sker
*** → Dutch: skeer
** → West Frisian: skeare
* Limburgish: sjaere

### Further reading

* “scheren (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “scheren (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* schæren, schere, scheryn, shere, sheren, ssere

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English sċieran, from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃɛːrən/

### Verb

scheren
* To cut; to slice with a sharp edge:
** To injure by slashing or slicing.
** To chop up or dice (especially food)
** To chop off; to sunder by slicing.
** To harvest or reap crops.
** To shear; to remove hair, fur, or wool:
*** To remove one's hair; to have one's hair shaved.
*** To shave the top of the head (to induct into monasticism).
*** (rare) To shear or shave fabric.
* To split up; to share out or disunite.
* To leave; to make a departure or exit.
* To make a sign or mark, especially by indentation.
* (rare) To work or craft metal.

#### Usage notes

This verb is occasionally weak, but generally remains strong throughout the Middle English period.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) scheren, schere, schern | (to) scheren, schere, schern |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | schere | schar, scher |
| 2nd-person singular | scherest | schere, schere, schar, scher |
| 3rd-person singular | schereth | schar, scher |
| subjunctive singular | schere | schere$^1$, schere$^1$ |
| imperative singular | schere | — |
| plural$^2$ | scheren, schere, schern | scheren, schere, scheren, schere |
| imperative plural | schereth, schere | — |
| participles | scherynge, scherende | schoren, schore, schorn, yschoren, yschore |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Related terms

* schere
* schereman
* scherer
* scherling
* scherynge

#### Descendants

* English: shear
* Scots: shear
* Yola: shaure (preterite)

#### References

* “shēren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-09.