OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# stygius
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Stygius

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Στῠ́γῐος (Stŭ́gĭos, “stygian”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsty.ɡi.us/, [ˈs̠t̪ʏɡiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsti.d͡ʒi.us/, [ˈst̪iːd͡ʒius]

### Adjective

stygius (feminine stygia, neuter stygium); first/second-declension adjective
* Alternative form of Stygius

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* Agastoschizomus stygius
* Amatorculus stygius
* Amnicola stygius
* Anaphes stygius
* Androniscus stygius
* Antrodiaetus stygius
* Arrhidaeus stygius
* Asio stygius
* Balhochordaes stygius
* Bauhinus stygius
* Brachinus stygius
* Bucolion stygius
* Cauloxenus stygius
* Cephalops stygius
* Ceuthophilus stygius
* Chlaenius stygius
* Comaldessus stygius
* Conops stygius
* Dilophus stygius
* Ectemnius stygius
* Enicospilus stygius
* Eulophus stygius
* Hemirrhagus stygius
* Juncus stygius
* Kleptochthonius stygius
* Leptoconops stygius
* Liparetrus stygius
* Lithobius stygius
* Microcerberus stygius
* Microcharon stygius
* Molophilus stygius
* Nesticus stygius
* Ophicrania stygius
* Orthogonius stygius
* Palliduphantes stygius
* Philanthus stygius
* Platambus stygius
* Plenoculus stygius
* Poltys stygius
* Sphecodes stygius
* Tabanus stygius
* Tyrannochthonius stygius
* Yporangiella stygius
* Attemsia stygia
* Baliochila stygia
* Brachineura stygia
* Caecidotea stygia
* Caecognathia stygia
* Calliphora stygia
* Capnolymma stygia
* Carex stygia
* Casinaria stygia
* Catephia stygia
* Cheilotrichia stygia
* Chelymorpha stygia
* Cladonia stygia
* Commatica stygia
* Denticulella stygia
* Diastylis stygia
* Dinumma stygia
* Dusona stygia
* Erigone stygia
* Eriopyga stygia
* Eulissosoma stygia
* Globularia stygia
* Heteroscotia stygia
* Hispa stygia
* Ischnoptera stygia
* Junonia stygia
* Lagenophrys stygia
* Leptogenys stygia
* Lonchura stygia
* Mallochohelea stygia
* Melanelia stygia
* Mesomelaena stygia
* Moira stygia
* Molo stygia
* Mortonagrion stygia
* Nephrotoma stygia
* Nitocra stygia
* Nyctibora stygia
* Orthogonis stygia
* Parastalita stygia
* Paryrias stygia
* Periplaneta stygia
* Phyllosticta stygia
* Piricauda stygia
* Poneropsis stygia
* Prionoglaris stygia
* Rhinocypha stygia
* Sagittocythere stygia
* Sarcophaga stygia
* Serica stygia
* Stagira stygia
* Stictoptera stygia
* Stolas stygia
* Strumigenys stygia
* Sugia stygia
* Tomaspis stygia
* Utricularia stygia
* Annulohypoxylon stygium
* Armadillidium stygium
* Balanium stygium
* Cinclidium stygium
* Facidia stygium
* Machaerium stygium
* Microbotryum stygium
* Neobisium stygium
* Novosphingobium stygium
* Nymphoides stygium
* Tauroligidium stygium
* Troglarmadillidium stygium
* English: stygian

### References

* “stygius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# Caietanus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Cajētānus

### Etymology

Caiēta (“Gaeta”) +‎ -ānus (“of or pertaining to”)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kai̯.i̯eːˈtaː.nus/, [käi̯ːeːˈt̪äːnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ka.jeˈta.nus/, [käjeˈt̪äːnus]

### Adjective

Caiētānus (feminine Caiētāna, neuter Caiētānum); first/second-declension adjective
* Of or pertaining to Caiēta (modern Gaeta).

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

* → English: Cajetan
* → Catalan: Gaietà
* → Galician: Caetano, Caitán
* → German: Kajetan
* Italian: Gaetano
** → Emilian: Gaetàṅ
** → French: Gaétan, Gaëtan
*** → English: Gaetan
* → Polish: Kajetan
* → Portuguese: Caetano
* Sicilian: Caitanu
* → Spanish: Cayetano, Gaitán
** → Tagalog: Cayetano

### References

* “Cāiētānus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Cāiētānus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “241/2”
# पिघलना
## Hindi
### Etymology

* Hindi verb set
* पिघलना (pighalnā)
* पिघलाना (pighlānā)
* पिघलवाना (pighalvānā)
Inherited from Old Hindi पघिलना (paghilanā) with metathesis, from Prakrit *𑀧𑀖𑀺𑀮𑀇 (*paghilaï), from Sanskrit *प्रघिरति (praghirati), from प्र- (pra-, “forward, forth”) +‎ घृ (ghṛ, “to moisten”).
Cognate with Punjabi ਪਿਘਲਣਾ (pighalṇā), Marathi पाघळणे (pāghaḷṇe).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pɪ.ɡʱəl.nɑː/, [pɪ.ɡʱɐl.näː]
* Rhymes: -əlnɑː
* Hyphenation: पि‧घल‧ना

### Verb

पिघलना • (pighalnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling پِگَلْنا)
* to melt, liquefy, soften
    Synonym: गलना (galnā)
* to soften, affect

#### Conjugation

$^1$The forms पिघलिये (pighliye) and पिघलियेगा (pighliyegā) can also be spelled without the y: पिघलिए (pighlie) and पिघलिएगा (pighliegā).

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “praghirati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 482: “H. pighalnā (older paghilnā, caus. paghilānā) 'to be dissolved, be melted, be fused'”
* ↑ McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पिघलना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 628
# ὀλιγαρχία
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ὀλιγαρχίη (oligarkhíē) — Ionic

### Etymology

Derived from ὀλιγάρχης (oligárkhēs, “oligarch”) +‎ -ία (-ía, noun-forming suffix). By surface analysis, ὀλίγος (olígos, “few”) +‎ -αρχία (-arkhía, “rule, government”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.li.ɡar.kʰí.aː/ → /o.li.ɣarˈçi.a/ → /o.li.ɣarˈçi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /o.li.ɡar.kʰí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /o.li.ɡarˈkʰi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /o.li.ɣarˈçi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /o.li.ɣarˈçi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /o.li.ɣarˈçi.a/

### Noun

ὀλιγαρχίᾱ • (oligarkhíā) f (genitive ὀλιγαρχίᾱς); first declension
* (politics) rule of few, oligarchy
* vocative singular of ὀλιγαρχίᾱ (oligarkhíā)
* nominative dual of ὀλιγαρχίᾱ (oligarkhíā)
* accusative dual of ὀλιγαρχίᾱ (oligarkhíā)
* vocative dual of ὀλιγαρχίᾱ (oligarkhíā)

#### Related terms

* ὀλιγαρχέω (oligarkhéō)
* ὀλιγάρχης (oligárkhēs)
* ὀλιγαρχικός (oligarkhikós)

#### Descendants

* → Czech: oligarchie
* → Finnish: oligarkia
* → French: oligarchie
** → Turkish: oligarşi
* → German: Oligarchie
* Greek: ολιγαρχία (oligarchía)
** → Georgian: ოლიგარქია (oligarkia)
* → Hebrew: אוליגרכיה
* → Irish: olagarcacht
* → Late Latin: oligarchia (see there for further descendants)
* → Russian: олига́рхия (oligárxija)
** → Armenian: օլիգարխիա (ōligarxia)
* → Swedish: oligarki
# ইটা
## Assamese
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭagā), 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭāgā), from Sanskrit ইষ্টকা (íṣṭakā).
Cognate with Odia ଇଟା (iṭā), Bengali ইট (iṭ), Hindustani اِین٘ٹ / ईंट (ī̃ṭ).

### Noun

ইটা • (ita)
* brick
    ৰংঘৰ বনাওঁতে ইটা জোৰা লগাবলৈ মাটিমাহ, হাঁহৰ কণী, বৰা চাউল আদি সামগ্ৰীৰে কৰাল তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল।roṅghor bonaü̃te ita züra logaboloi matimah, hãhor koni, bora saul adi xamogrire koral toiar kora hoisil.To attach the bricks, glue was made with urad beans, duck eggs and sticky rice while making the Rongghor.

#### Declension

(uncountable):

#### Derived terms

* ইটা ভটা (ita bhota)
* ইটা-গুৰি (ita-guri)
* ইটাখলি (itakholi)
* ইটানগৰ (itanogor)

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “íṣṭakā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72: “A. iṭā”
* ↑ “ইটা”, in Candrakānta abhidhāna: Asamīyā śabdara butpatti āru udāharaṇere Asamīyā-Ingrājī dui bhashara artha thakā abhidhāna [Comprehensive dictionary of the Assamese language with etymology and illustrations of words with their meanings in Assamese and English], 2nd edition, Guwahati: Gauhati University, 1962, →OCLC, page 112.

## Middle Bengali
### Alternative forms

* ঈটা (iṭa)

### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā), from Sanskrit ইষ্টা (iṣṭā), related to ইষ্টকা (íṣṭakā, “brick”). First attested in the 18th century.

### Noun

ইটা (iṭa)
* brick

#### Descendants

* Bengali: ইট (iṭ)

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “íṣṭakā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72
* 1 2 3 Sen, Sukumar (1971) An Etymological Dictionary of Bengali: c. 1000-1800 A.D.‎, volume 1, Calcutta: Eastern Publishers, page 71.
# काँख
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), from Sanskrit कक्ष (kákṣa). Doublet of कक्ष (kakṣ).
Cognate with Nepali काख (kākh), Kashmiri کَژھ (kaċh), Assamese কাষ (kax), Bengali কাছ (kach), Magahi 𑂍𑂰𑂀𑂎 (kā̃kh), and Punjabi ਕੱਛ (kaccha).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɑ̃ːkʰ/, [kä̃ːkʰ]

### Noun

काँख • (kā̃kh) f (Urdu spelling کانکھ)
* (anatomy) armpit
    Synonym: बग़ल (baġal)

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “काँख”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 184
# صاحب چیقمق
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Compounded from صاحب (sâhib, “owner, proprietor”) + چیقمق (çıkmak, “to set forth”).

### Verb

صاحب چیقمق • (sâhib çıkmak)
* to advocate

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sahip çıkmak
# vápnatak
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From vápn "weapon" and tak "taking/touching".

### Pronunciation

* (12th century Icelandic) IPA: /ˈwɑːp.nɑ̃ˌtɑk/

### Noun

vápnatak n
* lit. a weapons-touching: a Scandinavian ceremony in which a newly chosen lord's raised blade was met by those of his vassals, functioning as a ritual imitation in which the vassals oath their taking up of weapons should their lord rally them
* a vote made by touching one's weapon; the council where such votes are taken
* a district governed by such a council

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: vapnatak
* Old English: wæpengetæc
** English: wapentake
** Latin: vapentagium
# ભઠ્ઠી
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀪𑀝𑁆𑀞 (bhaṭṭha) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), from Sanskrit भ्रष्ट्र (bhráṣṭra).
Cognate with Bengali ভাটি (bhaṭi), Hindi भट्ठी (bhaṭṭhī), Marwari भट्टी (bhaṭṭī), Sindhi بَٺُ / बठु (baṭhu).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈbʱəʈʰ.ʈʰi/
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: ભઠ્‧ઠી

### Noun

ભઠ્ઠી • (bhaṭhṭhī) f
* kiln, oven, furnace
* forge

#### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhráṣṭra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# इट्ट
## Dogri
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit इट्टा (iṭṭā), from Sanskrit इष्टा (iṣṭā), related to इष्टका (íṣṭakā, “brick”).
Cognate with Punjabi ਇੱਟ (iṭṭa), Hindi ईंट (ī̃ṭ).

### Noun

इट्ट (iṭṭ) f (Dogra 𑠂𑠔𑠹𑠔)
* brick

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “íṣṭakā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 72
* ↑ Dr. Gyan Singh, editor (2009), Hindi – Dogri Dictionary (in Hindi), Jammu: Secretary, J&K Academy of Art, page 85, column 1: “ईंट — स्त्री॰ 1. सच्चे पत्थियै पकाई गेदी मिट्टी दी इट्ट। ― ī̃ṭ — strī. 1. sacce patthiyai pakāī gedī miṭṭī dī iṭṭ.”
# situliformis
## Translingual
### Etymology

Latin situla (“pail, bucket”) +‎ -fōrmis (“pail”).

### Adjective

situliformis m or f (neuter situliforme)
* (taxonomy) formed like a pail

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Descendants

* English: situliform
* French: situliforme
* Italian: situliforme
* Spanish: situliforme
* Hayella situliformis
* Myorhina situliformis
* Pierretia situliformis
* Sarcophaga situliformis
# 𑀕𑁄𑀭
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀕𑁅𑀭 (gaurá). Cognate with Pali gora.

### Adjective

𑀕𑁄𑀭 (gora) (Devanagari गोर, Kannada ಗೋರ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
* white, pale

#### Derived terms

* 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (goragiri, “Himalaya”, literally “white mountain”)
* 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀔𑀭 (gorakhara)
* 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀫𑀺𑀕 (goramiga)

#### Descendants

* Apabhramsa: गउर (gaüra)
* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Hindustani: gorā
    Hindi: गोरा
    Urdu: گورا
* Eastern Indo-Aryan:
** Bengali: গোরা (gōra)
** Odia: ଗୋରା (gorā)
* Northern Indo-Aryan:
** Nepali: गोरो (goro)
* Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
** Punjabi: gorā
    Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰਾ
    Shahmukhi script: گورا
* Southern Indo-Aryan:
** Old Marathi: gora
    Devanagari script: गोर
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘻𑘨
*** Marathi: gorā
    Devanagari script: गोरा
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘻𑘨𑘰
** Western Indo-Aryan:
*** Middle Gujarati: गउर
**** Gujarati: ગોરું (gorũ)

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gōra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 233: “Pk. gōra- 'white'”
* ↑ Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 119
* ↑ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “गोर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 302.
# دہلی
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɪɦ.liː/, [d̪eɦ.liː]
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* (colloquial) IPA: /d̪e.liː/, /d̪ɛ.liː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit देहली (dehalī, “threshold”)

#### Noun

دِہْلی • (dihlī) f (Hindi spelling देहली)
* threshold, doorstep
    Synonyms: دہلیز (dahlīz), چوکھٹ (caukhaṭ)

##### Declension

Declension of دہلی :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | دہلی (dihlī) | دہلِیاں (dihliyā̃) |
| oblique | دہلی (dihlī) | دہلِیوں (dihliyō̃) |
| vocative | دہلی (dihlī) | دہلِیو (dihliyō) |

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian دهلی (dihlī), of uncertain origin. See दिल्ली (dillī) for further details.

#### Proper noun

Picture dictionary :
دہلی
ہریانہ
اتر پردیش
مشرقی دہلی
دہلی چھاؤنی
شمالی دہلی
نئی دہلی
جنوبی دہلی
دہلی بلدیہ :
دِہْلی • (dihlī) f (Hindi spelling देहली)
* Delhi (a city in India, containing the national capital New Delhi)
    Synonym: دِلّی (dillī)
** 2021 October 23, “دہلی سے ملحق گڑگاؤں میں پھر سے جمعے کی نماز کے خلاف مظاہرہ اور جے شری رام کے نعرے [Demonstrations against Friday prayers, again, in Gurgaon, adjacent to Delhi and slogans of Jai Shri Ram]”, in BBC News Urdu‎:

##### Related terms

* دہلوی (dihlavī, “Delhiite”)
* نئی دہلی (na'ī dihlī, “New Delhi”)

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: دِهْلِي (dihlī)
* → English: Delhi
** → Arabic: دِلْهِي (dilhī)
** → Chinese: 德里 (Délǐ)
** → Greek: Δελχί (Delchí)
** → Hebrew: דֵלְהִי (delhī)
** → Japanese: デリー (Derī)
** → Turkish: Delhi
* → Kannada: ದೆಹಲಿ (dehali)

##### See also

* (Union territories) یونین علاقہ (yūniyan ilāqā); جزائر انڈمان و نکوبار (jazāir-e-anḍamān-o-nikobār), چنڈی گڑھ (candī-gaṛh), دادرا و نگر حویلی و دمن و دیو (dādrā-o-nagar-havailī-o-daman-o-dīv), دہلی (dihlī), جموں و کشمیر (jammū̃-o-kaśmīr), لداخ (laddāx), لکشادیپ (lakśādīp), پدوچیری (pudūcerī),

### Further reading

* “دہلی”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēhalī́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आक्षे॑ति (ā́kṣeti), from आ- (ā-) + क्षेति॑ (kṣéti). Cognate with Pali acchati.
Turner lists and rejects several other etymologies that have been suggested over the years:
* Sanskrit आस्था (āsthā, “to stand, remain”, root), from आ- (ā-) +‎ स्था (sthā, “to stand”).
* Sanskrit गच्छति (gacchati, “to go”) with loss of the initial g-.
* Sanskrit ऋच्छति (ṛcchati, “to go, move”).
* Sanskrit आस् (ās, “to sit”, root) extended with Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti or an unattested future verb.
* Sanskrit अस् (as, “to be, exist”, root) extended with Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti or an unattested future verb.

### Verb

𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati /acchati/)
* to exist, dwell in

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Girnar.
Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (“to exist, dwell in”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨀𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨟𐨁 (akṣati) | |
| West | Girnar | 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati) | 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 /acchati/ (achati) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (“to exist, dwell in”) :
* 𐨀𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨟𐨁 (akṣati) (1) 𑀅𑀙𑀢𑀺 (achati) (1)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: چھُ (chu, “(I) am”, 1sg.pres)
* Prakrit: 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (acchaï), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (acchadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (akkhaï) — Paiśācī, 𑀳𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (hŏkkhaï) — Māgadhī (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Turner, R[alph] L[illey] (1936) “Sanskrit "ā́-kṣeti" and Pali "acchati" in Modern Indo-Aryan”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 8, numbers 2/3 (Indian and Iranian Studies: Presented to George Abraham Grierson on His Eighty-Fifth Birthday), pages 795—812

### Further reading

* Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 47.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ā́kṣēti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 46
# पूर्णमास्
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hná-mā́Has ~ *pr̥Hná-mā́Hasas (“full moon”). Compare Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋-𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵𐬀 (pər$^ə$nō-måŋha, “full moon”), Middle Persian pwrm՚ẖ (purrmāh, “full moon”). See also पूर्णमास (pūrṇamāsa), attested in the Yajurveda. Equivalent to पूर्ण (pūrṇa, “full”) +‎ मास् (mās, “moon”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /puːɾ.ɳɐ́.mɑːs/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpuːɾ.ɳɐ.mɑːs̪/

### Noun

पूर्णमास् • (pūrṇámās) stem, m
* full moon; the day or night of the full moon
** c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 11.2.4.7:मन एव पूर्णमाः। पूर्णमिव हीदं मनो...mana eva pūrṇamāḥ. pūrṇamiva hīdaṃ mano...The full moon [represents] the mind, for full, as it were, is this mind...

#### Derived terms

* पूर्णिमा (pūrṇimā)

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀁𑀦𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀁 (puṃnamāsiyaṃ, locative)
* Pali: puṇṇamā
** → Burmese: ပုဏ္ဏမာ (punna.ma)
* Prakrit: *puṇṇamā
** Gujarati: પૂનમ (pūnam)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: पूनौं (pūna͠u), पूनो (pūno), पूनौ (pūnau), पूनम (pūnam)
    Urdu: پُونَو (pūnau), پُونَم (pūnam)
*** →$^?$ Kotgarhi: पुन्नों
** Jaunsari: पूनो (pūno)
** Konkani: punav
    Devanagari script: पुनव
    Kannada script: ಪುನವ್
    Latin script: punou
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: पुनव (punava)
    Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘡𑘪 (punava)
*** Marathi: punav
    Devanagari script: पुनव
    Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘡𑘪
*** Varhadi: punav
    Devanagari script: पुनव
    Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘡𑘪
** Sindhi: pūnãũ
    Arabic script: پوننئن
    Devanagari script: पूनंउं
    Khudabadi script: 𑋒𑋤𑋑𑋟𑊴𑋟
* → Tamil: பூரணமி (pūraṇami)

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pūrṇámās”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 472
# 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥
## Prakrit
### Alternative forms

* *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (gṛ́dhra). Cognate with Pali gaddha, giddha.

### Adjective

𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) (Devanagari गिद्ध)
* greedy, lustful

#### Declension
### Noun

𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) m (Devanagari गिद्ध, Gujarati ગિદ્ધ, Kannada ಗಿದ್ಧ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī, Śaurasenī)
* vulture
** c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti II. Saṇaṃkumāra, page 25, lines 16 – 19:𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀅𑀡𑀲𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀊𑀡 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯-𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀫𑁆-𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀉𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀡 𑀞𑀺𑀑, 𑀏𑀯𑀁 𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼-𑀯𑀺 𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁 𑀢𑀑 𑀧𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀏 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀓𑀸𑀬-𑀲𑀺𑀯𑁆-𑀆𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀔𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁𑀢𑁄 𑀧𑀻𑀟𑀁 𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀬 𑀦𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭-𑀧𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀉𑀁 𑀲𑁄𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑁄 𑀚𑀸𑀑tattha aṇasaṇaṃ kāūṇa puvva-disam-addha-māsaṃ kāussaggeṇa ṭhio, evaṃ sesāsu-vi disāsu addha-māsaṃ addha-māsaṃ tao piṭṭhīe giddha-kāya-siv-āīhiṃ khajjaṃto pīḍaṃ sammaṃ sahiya namŏkkāra-paro māriuṃ sohamma-kappe iṃdo jāoAbstaining from food he remained there in the East for half a month in the kāyotsarga posture and in the same way in the South, West etc., always for half a month. Thereupon, his back being eaten away by vultures, crows, and jackals, and other animals he bore the pain properly; devoted entirely to worship, he died, went to the Sohamma heaven and became Indra.

#### Derived terms

* *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀟 (*giddha-ḍa)
** Bengali: গিধড় (gidhoṛ, “jackal”)
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: गीदड़ (gīdaṛ, “jackal”)
*** Urdu: گِیدَڑ (gīdaṛ, “jackal”)
** Marathi: गिधाड (gidhāḍ, “vulture”)
** Punjabi: ਗਿੱਦੜ (giddaṛ, “jackal”)
** Sindhi: گِدَڙُ (gidaṛu, “jackal”)
** ⇒ *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀟-𑀓 (*giddha-ḍa-ka)
*** Gujarati: ગીધડું (gīdhḍũ)

#### Descendants

* Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
* Hindustani: giddh
    Hindi: गिद्ध
    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
* Konkani: gīd
    Devanagari script: गीद
    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
    Latin script: gid
* Maithili:
    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
* Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
* Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)

### Further reading

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “गिद्ध”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 294.
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 53
* Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 24.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gŕ̊dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 227
# aalettyragh
## Manx
### Etymology

From aa- +‎ lettyr + -agh.

### Adjective

aalettyragh
* alliterative

#### Related terms

* aalettyraghys
* aalettyree
# halata
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑlɑtɑˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝lɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑlɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: ha‧la‧ta

### Etymology 1

Unknown; possibly the same as halata (etymology 2), especially if it is of Germanic origin (see halu).

#### Verb

halata
* (transitive, usually atelic) to hug, embrace (once)

##### Derived terms

* halaaminen
* halaus
* hali
* halailla
* halia

#### Further reading

* “1. halata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

From the same root as halu; hala- +‎ -ta.

#### Verb

halata
* (transitive, chiefly poetic) to want, desire
    Synonyms: haluta, (poetic) halajaa

##### Derived terms

* halajaa

#### Further reading

* “2. halata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Anagrams

* halaat, lahtaa

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From *halka. Related to Finnish halkaista.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈhɑlɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑɫɑt]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈhɑlɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑɫɑd̥ɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑlɑt, -ɑlɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: ha‧la‧ta

### Verb

halata
* (transitive) to split

#### Conjugation
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 42

## Latin
### Participle

hālāta
* inflection of hālātus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Participle

hālātā
* ablative feminine singular of hālātus

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्थय (arthaya, “to perceive”), according to Potet (2016).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /halaˈtaʔ/ [hɐ.lɐˈt̪aʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: ha‧la‧ta

### Adjective

halatâ (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜆ)
* obvious; noticeable; perceptible
    Synonyms: pansinin, napapansin, halatain, punahin, nakikita

#### Derived terms

* halatain
* halatang-hakata
* humalata
* ipahalata
* kahalataan
* magpahalata
* mahalata
* makahalata
* mapanghalata

### Noun

halatâ (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜆ)
* condition of being noticed; noticing
    Synonyms: paghalata, pansinin, pansin, pagpansin, pagkapansin
* condition of being noticeable
    Synonyms: pagkahalatain, pagkapansinin

### Further reading

* “halata”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 283

## Tsonga
### Verb

halata
* to pour out