# -se
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English -sen (verbal ending), from Old English -sian (verbal ending), from Proto-Germanic *-isōną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ns/, IPA: /-nz/, IPA: /-s/, IPA: /-(d)ʒ/

### Suffix

-se
* Creates denominatives from adjective or nouns.
* When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, bless, in which case the verb means roughly, to make bloody/sanctify.

#### Usage notes

* No longer productive.

#### Derived terms

* bless
* cleanse
* halse
* mince
* rinse
* rix
* wanse
* whinge

### Anagrams

* 'e's, -es, E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es, es-

## Chuukese
### Suffix

-se
* (auxiliary) Negative simple present and past tense aspect marker.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From the inflected form of the suffix -s, denoting characteristic.

#### Suffix

-se f (plural -sen)
* Suffix denoting a female inhabitant of a place.
    Antonyms: -er, -aar

### Etymology 2

See the main lemma.

#### Suffix

-se
* Alternative form of -s (“patronymic suffix”)

##### Derived terms
## Estonian
### Suffix

-se
* accusative/genitive singular of -ne

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zə/
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

-se
* (colloquial, regional) Contraction of sie or Sie after a verb.
    will sie → willse
    haben Sie → hamse

## Guaraní
### Suffix

-se
* Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
    Ndakeséi.I don't want to sleep.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* -sa (broad form)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃə]

### Suffix

-se
* Alternative form of -sa (used after palatalized consonants and front vowels:)

#### See also
## Latin
### Suffix

-se
* vocative masculine singular of -sus

## Ligurian
### Etymology

From Latin sē.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /se/

### Suffix

-se
* Appended to present infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms
    ‎ciamâ (“to call”) + ‎-se → ‎ciamâse (“to call oneself; to be called”)

#### Derived terms
## Ojibwe
### Final

-se
* fly
* fall
* having something happen quickly or spontaneously

#### Derived terms

* amajise (“wake up suddenly”)
* aabitoose (“be Wednesday”)

#### See also

* -bide (“drive, speed, fly, fall in, inanimate subject”)
* -bizo (“drive, speed, fly, fall in, animate subject”)

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/se-final-654924
* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/se-final

## Old Irish
### Suffix

-se
* Alternative form of -sa (used after slender consonants and front vowels)

#### See also
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish -si (3rd person singular feminine; 2nd person plural).

### Suffix

-se
* -self, -selves (emphatic)

#### Usage notes

* Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun).
* Used in third-person singular feminine (eg aicese).
* Used in second-person plural (eg oirbhse).

#### See also

* -e
* -sa
* -san

## Sidamo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-se/

### Determiner

-se
* her

#### See also
### References

* Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /se/

### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”). Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.

#### Suffix

-se
* Form of -sa after the vowels E / İ / Ö / Ü.

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the "r" was gradually omitted over time. Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.

#### Suffix

-se
* Form of -sa after the vowels E / İ / Ö / Ü.

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+sA" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sā(j)-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* 1 2 Bulak, Şahap. "TÜRKÇEDE +sA- İSİMDEN FİİL YAPMA EKİ." Electronic Turkish Studies 7.3 (2012).
* ↑ Benzer, Ahmet. "-sA Ekinin İşlevleri ve Dilek-Şart Ayrımı." Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 28 (2010): 131-140.