# 肋

| 肋 | U+808B, &#32907; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-808B |
| ← 肊 [U+808A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肌 → [U+808C] |
| 肋 | U+F953, &#63827; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F953 |
| ← 勒 [U+F952] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 凜 → [U+F954] |

## Translingual
### Han character

肋 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月大尸 (BKS), four-corner 7422$_7$, composition ⿰⺼力)

#### Derived characters

* 𱒠, 𩶵, 荕, 𣌰, 筋, 𦟭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 973, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29239
* Dae Jaweon: page 1424, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2043, character 10
* Unihan data for U+808B
* Unihan data for U+F953

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 肋
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 勒 | *rɯːɡ |
| 肋 | *rɯːɡ |
| 扐 | *rɯːɡ |
| 仂 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 艻 | *rɯːɡ |
| 朸 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 玏 | *rɯːɡ |
| 泐 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 阞 | *rɯːɡ |
| 竻 | *rɯːɡ |
| 力 | *rɯɡ |
| 屴 | *rɯɡ |
| 鳨 | *rɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; body part”)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lèi, lè
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ, ㄌㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lak$^6$ / laak$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lĕ̤k / lĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k / liak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^4$
*** Yale: lèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lè
*** Wade–Giles: lê$^4$
*** Yale: lè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
*** Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lak$^6$ / laak$^6$
*** Yale: lahk / laahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lak$^9$ / laak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leg$^6$ / lag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐk̚²/, /laːk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕ̤k / lĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃øyʔ⁵/, /l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
* lĕ̤k - vernacular;
* lĕk - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lok
Rime :
| Character | 肋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧則切 |
| Baxter | lok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 肋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁək/ |
| English | rib |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7845 |
| Phonetic component | 力 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勒 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

肋
* rib

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 肋, 脅 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 肋骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 肋巴骨, 肋搭骨, 肋條骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 肋骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 肋條骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 肋條骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 肋骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 肋條骨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 肋巴骨, 肋骨, 肋巴扇子, 肋巴 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 肋條骨, 肋條 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 肋巴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 肋巴條子, 肋巴骨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 肋巴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 肋肢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 肋子骨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 肋巴骨, 肋巴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 肋巴骨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 肋巴骨, 胸杈子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 肋子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 肋巴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 肋巴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 肋巴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 肋巴骨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 肋巴骨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 婆羅骨, 排子骨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 肋巴骨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 肋巴骨, 肋𩩍骨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 肋幫骨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 肋身骨, 肋巴骨, 肋骨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 肋膀骨, 肋身骨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 排盧骨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 肋骨, 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 肋骨, 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 肋赤骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 間仔骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 肋耕骨 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 掩𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 心口骨 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 掩仔骨 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 掩仔骨 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𩩍仔骨 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 肋坑骨, 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 肋耕 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 𩩍骨 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 肋骨 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 排骨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 肋巴骨 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 排扇骨 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 肋塞骨, 肋塞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 掩跛骨, 胸前骨, 肋骨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 肋耕仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 肋耕仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 肋耕仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鹽雞骨 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 掩耕骨 |
| Hakka | Changting | 肋骨 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 營坑骨 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 演枉骨 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 排生骨 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 排山骨 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 排骨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𩩍琵骨 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 排子骨 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 肋梗仔 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 肋血骨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 肋羅齒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 肋肢 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 肋肢 |
| Jin | Linhe | 肋肢 |
| Jin | Jining | 肋骨 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 肋子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 肋骨 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 肋肢 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 肋條 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 排比骨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 肋條骨, 肋排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 肋排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 肋條骨 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 肋排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 肋排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 排骨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 脅邊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 肋排骨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 胸坎骨, 𩩍枝骨, 排骨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 𩩍條骨 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 胸坎骨, 𩩍枝骨, 排骨 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 𩩍枝骨 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 胸坎骨, 籤仔骨, 排骨 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 𩩍骨 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 箅仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 箅仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 排仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 箅仔骨 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 胸坎骨 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 胸坎骨 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 排骨, 胸坎骨, 𩩍枝骨 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 肋骨, 𩩍籬骨 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𩩍籬骨, 𩩍籬 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𩩍籬 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𩩍籬骨 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 索條骨 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 肋骨 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 胸程骨, 胸格骨 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 𩩍骨, 胸骨 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 𩩍骨, 胸骨 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 𩩍條骨 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 肋棚骨 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 肋棚骨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 肋棚骨 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 肚棚骨 |
| Wu | Danyang | 肋排骨, 肋骨 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 肋棚骨 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 肋排骨 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 肚棚骨 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 皮子骨 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 肋巴骨, 排肋骨 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 肋巴骨頭 |

#### Compounds

* 味如雞肋 / 味如鸡肋
* 粗肋草 (cūlècǎo)
* 肋巴扇兒 / 肋巴扇儿
* 肋條 / 肋条 (lèitiáo)
* 肋窩 / 肋窝
* 肋筋
* 肋膜
* 肋膜炎
* 肋部
* 肋間肌 / 肋间肌 (lèjiānjī)
* 肋骨 (lèigǔ)
* 肋骨舉肌 / 肋骨举肌
* 銅筋鐵肋 / 铜筋铁肋
* 雞肋 / 鸡肋
* 雞肋尊拳 / 鸡肋尊拳

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lē (le$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄜ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lē
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: le
*** Wade–Giles: lê$^1$
*** Yale: lē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhe
*** Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

肋
* Only used in 肋脦 (lēte).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 肋 – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 筋).

### References

* “肋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* rib

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろく (roku)
* Kan-on: ろく (roku)
* Kun: あばら (abara, 肋)、ばら (bara, 肋)

#### Compounds

* 肋間(ろっかん) (rokkan): intercostal
* 肋間神経(ろっかんしんけい) (rokkan shinkei): intercostal nerves
* 肋間神経痛(ろっかんしんけいつう) (rokkan shinkeitsū): intercostal neuralgia
* 肋筋(あばらきん) (abarakin): in reinforced concrete, the box-shaped rebar connecting the main vertical support rebar: the ribs of the structure
* 肋骨(ろっこつ) (rokkotsu): あばらぼね, abarabone: rib, costa
* 肋材(ろくざい) (rokuzai): the ribs of a ship, extending upwards from the keel to the gunwale and supporting the hull
* 肋軟骨(ろくなんこつ) (rokunankotsu): the costal cartilage connecting the ribs and the sternum
* 肋肉(ばらにく) (baraniku): rib meat, generally beef or pork
* 肋板(ろくばん) (rokuban): a turtle's plastron; a thwart: a steel plate or similar support running from port to starboard between the ribs of a ship to strengthen the hull
* 肋膜(ろくまく) (rokumaku): the pleura
* 肋膜炎(ろくまくえん) (rokumakuen): pleurisy, pleuritis
* 肋木(ろくぼく) (rokuboku) wall bars, a kind of exercise equipment

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 肋
* あばら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
By extension from 荒, 荒ら (abara), "loosely spaced with sizable gaps", itself possibly related to the root ばら (bara), "scattered".

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あばら [àbárá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

肋(あばら) • (abara)
* short for 肋骨 (abarabone): rib (body part)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 肋
* ばら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Shortened from あばら (abara).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばら [báꜜrà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

肋(ばら) or 肋(バラ) • (bara)
* short for 肋肉 (baraniku): rib (meat, generally beef or pork)

##### Usage notes

This word is more often spelled in hiragana as ばら or in katakana as バラ.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肋 (MC lok). Recorded as Middle Korean 륵〮 (lúk) (Yale: luk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 肋 (eumhun 갈비 륵 (galbi reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 갈비 늑 (galbi neuk))
* hanja form of 륵/늑 (“rib”)

#### Compounds

* 늑골 (肋骨, neukgol)
* 늑막 (肋膜, neungmak)
* 늑목 (肋木, neungmok)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

肋: Hán Nôm readings: lặc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.