# 闇

| 闇 | U+95C7, &#38343; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95C7 |
| ← 闆 [U+95C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 闈 → [U+95C8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

闇 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日弓卜廿日 (ANYTA), four-corner 7760$_1$, composition ⿵門音)
* close, shut
* dark, dismal

#### Derived characters

* 𭌩, 𤃷, 𧮍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1338, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41421
* Dae Jaweon: page 1843, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4309, character 7
* Unihan data for U+95C7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 闇 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 諳 | *qɯːm |
| 腤 | *qɯːm |
| 嬜 | *qɯːm, *qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm |
| 喑 | *qɯːm, *qrɯm, *qrɯms |
| 揞 | *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯːms |
| 隌 | *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯm |
| 罯 | *qɯːmʔ, *qɯːb |
| 暗 | *qɯːms |
| 闇 | *qɯːms |
| 黯 | *qrɯːm, *qrɯːmʔ |
| 歆 | *qʰrɯm |
| 愔 | *qɯm |
| 韾 | *qɯm |
| 音 | *qrɯm |
| 瘖 | *qrɯm |
| 窨 | *qrɯms |
| 湆 | *kʰrɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːms) : semantic 門 + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): àn (an$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): am$^3$ / am$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àn
*** Wade–Giles: an$^4$
*** Yale: àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: am$^3$ / am$^2$
*** Yale: am / ám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: am$^3$ / am$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: em$^3$ / em$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐm³³/, /ɐm³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'omH
Rime :
| Character | 闇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏紺切 |
| Baxter | 'omH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʌm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔəm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɒm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔᴀm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɒm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔăm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | àn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | am$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15214 |
| Phonetic component | 音 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暗 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯːms/ |

#### Definitions

闇
* to close the door
* night; dusk; eclipse
* Alternative form of 暗 (àn, “dark; secret; ignorant”)

#### Compounds

* 嚚闇 / 嚚暗
* 庸闇 / 庸暗
* 悠闇 / 悠暗
* 洄闇 / 洄暗
* 闇亂 / 暗乱
* 闇劣 / 暗劣
* 闇弱 / 暗弱 (ànruò)
* 闇淺 / 暗浅
* 闇然 / 暗然
* 闇莫 / 暗莫
* 闇誦 / 暗诵
* 闇跳 / 暗跳
* 黮闇 / 黮暗

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ān (an$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): am$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ān
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: an
*** Wade–Giles: an$^1$
*** Yale: ān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: an
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: am$^1$
*** Yale: ām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: am$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: em$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐm⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

闇
* room for mourning the death of a ruler
* Alternative form of 諳 / 谙 (ān, “to fully understand”)

#### Compounds

* 諒闇 / 谅暗

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

闇
* Alternative form of 奄 (“suddenly”)

### References

* “闇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 闇 |
| Kyūjitai | 闇󠄂 闇+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dark, darkness

#### Readings

* Go-on: おん (on)
* Kan-on: あん (an)
* Kun: やみ (yami, 闇, Jōyō)、くらい (kurai, 闇い)

#### Compounds

* 闇夜(あんや) (an'ya): a dark night, a night with no moon; a dark and depressing outlook
* 闇(やみ)夜(よ) (yamiyo): a dark night, a night with no moon

#### Usage notes

Added to the jōyō kanji list on 30 November 2010; previously classified as jinmeiyō kanji.

#### See also

* 暗 (Tōyō character written in place of this character)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 闇
* やみ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Ultimate roots uncertain. May be cognate with 病む (yamu, “to be ill”), 止む (yamu, “to stop, to quit”), 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead”).
Reconstructed as deriving ultimately from Proto-Japonic *yamui.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やみ [yàmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ja̠mʲi]

#### Noun

闇(やみ) • (yami)
* the dark, darkness

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 闇
* あん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark”).

#### Alternative forms

* 暗

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あん [áꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

闇(あん) • (an)
* darkness, the dark
* a dark place
* (Buddhism) darkness, as a metaphor for worldly desires

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2224 (paper), page 1164 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1293 (paper), page 659 (digital)
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

闇 (eumhun 숨을 암 (sumeul am))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

闇: Hán Nôm readings: ám
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.