# én
## Danish
### Numeral

én
* Alternative form of en

### Pronoun

én
* Alternative form of en

#### Usage notes

Accent is optional, and reflects intonation. Compare, for example, hun har kun en kat "she only has a cat" with hun har kun én kat "she has only one cat".

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Old Hungarian ɛ̄n. Usually considered to continue the Proto-Uralic first-person pronoun *minä (compare e.g. Finnish minä), but there is no consensus on how the Hungarian word has developed to its present shape. At least four proposals have been advanced:
* irregular loss of the word-initial *m-
* from earlier *ɛmen, through the vocalization and loss of word-internal *-m-, as in many other cases such as ó (“old”)
* from earlier *ɛ̄mn, with the cluster *mn simplified to n
* from earlier *ɛ̄m, derived from the shorter Uralic root *mi, and with the irregular simplification of the root-final *-m to -n, perhaps first in the accusative engem (< ? *ɛmgɛm).
The last three options assume that the word was prefixed with *ɛ- at some point, perhaps an intensifying particle, or from the Proto-Uralic pronoun root *e- (“this”) (compare ez (“this”)).
Similarly irregular first-person pronouns occur in Mansi: Northern Mansi ам (am), Southern Mansi [script needed] (äm), and even in Chuvash: эпӗ (ep̬ĕ) from Proto-Turkic *ben. If these have a similar origin as the Hungarian word, they are the most compatible with the third and fourth explanations.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈeːn]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːn

### Pronoun

én
* (personal) I (first-person singular)
    Én vagyok a képen. ― I am in the picture.

#### Declension

declension of én
nominative
én
accusative
engem
dative
nekem
instrumental
velem
causal-final
értem
inessive
bennem
superessive
rajtam
adessive
nálam
illative
belém
sublative
rám
allative
hozzám
elative
belőlem
delative
rólam
ablative
tőlem :

#### Derived terms

Note: In all these forms, én is optional and only serves for emphasis.
* énalattam, énáltalam, énelőttem, etc. (én + a postposition with the first-person singular personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions)
* énnekem, énvelem, énhozzám etc. (én + one of the declined forms listed in the chart above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns)

### Noun

én (plural ének)
* (psychology) self, ego

#### Derived terms

* énidő (én-idő)
* énkép
* énközpontú → énközpontúság
* énkultusz
* énregény
* éntudat
* felettes én (superego)
* költői én
* lírai én (lyrical I, lyrical subject)

### References

* ↑ Rédei, Károly. 1963. "Az én személyes névmás eredetéhez". Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 65, pp. 166–169.

### Further reading

* én in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* én in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Ligurian
### Verb

én
* third-person plural present indicative of êse; “[​they​] are”

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* en — nonstandard

### Romanization

én (en$^2$, Zhuyin ㄣˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Numeral

én
* stressed form of en

#### Derived terms

* énskinnebane

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* hén

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eːn/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸetnos.

#### Noun

én m (genitive éuin or éoin, nominative plural éuin or éoin)
* bird

##### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | én | én$^L$ | éuin$^L$ |
| Vocative | éuin | én$^L$ | éunu$^H$ |
| Accusative | én$^N$ | én$^L$ | éunu$^H$ |
| Genitive | éuin$^L$ | én | én$^N$ |
| Dative | éun$^L$ | énaib | énaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Descendants

* Irish: éan
* Manx: eean
* Scottish Gaelic: eun
* ⇒ Middle Irish: senén

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Interjection

én!
* lo!

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 én”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 én”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Nubian
### Etymology

From Proto-Nubian *éen¹, possibly from Proto-Nilo-Saharan *anɛŋ (“woman”)².

### Noun

én
* mother

### References

* Browne, Gerald M - Old Nubian Dictionary - Claremont School of Theology - 1996 - p 72

## Scanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊɪ̯ːn]

### Numeral

én
* one.

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːnʔ, non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燕 (SV: yến). Doublet of yến.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɛn˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɛŋ˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɛŋ˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier con) én • (燕)
* a swallow (bird)
    Synonym: nhạn
* (loosely) Synonym of yến (“swift”) (bird)